The concertmaster/mistress (from German Konzertmeister) is the ''spalla'' or leader, of the first violin section of an orchestra. In the UK, the term commonly used is ''leader''. Any violin solo in an orchestral work is played by the concertmaster (except in the case of a concerto, in which case a guest soloist usually plays).

The concertmaster makes decisions regarding bowing and other technical details of violin playing for the violins, and sometimes all of the string players; and is in charge of leading the orchestra in tuning before concerts and rehearsals and other technical aspects of orchestra management.

The concertmaster in a standard wind band is the first-chair clarinet or oboe, and leads the ensemble's tuning. The first-chair clarinet concertmaster will, in common practice, play all solos for their instrument. Often the lead flautist will receive similar responsibilities to the clarinet concertmaster, depending on several factors such as age, skill and time spent in the ensemble. The concertmaster will, in both orchestral and wind band settings, also coordinate with other principals and section leaders, in most cases being their senior in terms of group pecking order. In brass bands this role is often filled by the principal solo cornet or trumpet.

The concertmaster has the duty of tuning the orchestra or band at rehearsals and performances, and also comes on stage individually. He or she will walk onto stage prior to performing, take a bow, and receive applause on behalf of the ensemble. However, this practice is usually uncommon in Europe where the concertmaster walks onto stage at first but immediately followed by the remaining orchestra members. Thus the entire ensemble receives applause at the beginning and the concertmaster's role is less individual.

It is usually required that the concertmaster be the most skilled musician in the section, good at learning music quickly, counting and observing the conductor for the rest of the section to follow.

References

Category:Occupations in music Category:Violinists

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Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
name	Glenn Dicterow
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
born	December 23, 1948Los Angeles, California, USA
instrument	Violin
genre	Classical
occupation	violinist
years active	1950s–present
website	www.GlennDicterow.com}}

Glenn Dicterow (born December 23, 1948), is an American violinist and is currently concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra.

Mr. Dicterow's musical gifts became apparent when, at age 11, he made his solo debut with the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. Harold Dicterow, his father, served as principal of the second violin section in the Los Angeles Philharmonic for 52 years. Over the following years, Mr. Dicterow became one of the most sought-after young violinists, appearing as soloist from coast to coast.

Mr. Dicterow went on to win numerous awards and competitions, including the Young Musicians Foundation Award and Coleman Award (Los Angeles), The Julia Klumpke Award (San Francisco), and the Bronze Medal in the International Tchaikovsky Competition (1970). He is a graduate of The Juilliard School, where he was a student of Ivan Galamian. Other teachers have included Erno Neufeld, Eudice Shapiro, Naoum Blinder, Manuel Compinsky, Jascha Heifetz, and Henryk Szeryng.

Career

In 1967 he appeared as soloist with the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Andre Kostelanetz in the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto. He was then 18 years old. In 1980 he joined the Orchestra as Concertmaster and has since performed as soloist every year. Prior to joining the New York Philharmonic, Mr. Dicterow served as Associate Concertmaster and Concertmaster of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. During a New York Philharmonic tour of major American cities in 1986, Mr. Dicterow was featured in Leonard Bernstein's Serenade with the composer conducting. In 1990 he played the ''Carmen Fantasy'' by Waxman under the direction of Zubin Mehta in a ''Live from Lincoln Center'' concert telecast. In 1982, Dicterow was a soloist in the Orchestra’s concert at the White House.

In recent years, Mr. Dicterow has been the featured soloist with the New York Philharmonic in Prokofiev’s Second Violin Concerto with guest conductor Yuri Temirkanov, Gian Carlo Menotti’s Violin Concerto under the direction of Kurt Masur, and Bruch’s Violin Concerto No. 1 with Christian Thielemann. During the Philharmonic’s 1998 Asian Tour, he was soloist in the Barber Violin Concerto in Manila, Korea, and in Beijing, China, where he performed in The Great Hall of the People to an audience of more than 10,000 people. In the 2005–06 season, he was the soloist in Mozart’s Violin Concerto No. 3, K.216 with Bramwell Tovey conducting, and Mozart’s Serenade No. 7 in D major, K.248B, “Haffner,” with Sir Colin Davis. In the 2006–07 season he will play the Brahms Double Concerto with Philharmonic Principal Cello Carter Brey in New York and on the Orchestra’s 2007 European Tour.

Mr. Dicterow has also been a guest soloist with the symphony orchestras of Los Angeles, Baltimore, Birmingham, Chautauqua, Grant Park, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Mexico City, Miami, Montreal, Omaha, and Tampa, to name a few. More recent engagements have included solo concerts with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, Hong Kong Philharmonic, and the Bernstein Serenade with the Curtis Symphony Orchestra in “Isaac Stern at Eighty: A Birthday Celebration” at Carnegie Hall. In February 2002 he performed Miklós Rózsa’s Symphonie Concertante and the Wagner-Waxman Tristan Fantasy with Leonard Slatkin and the National Symphony Orchestra. Upcoming activities include an October, 2006 appearance with the San Diego Symphony, led by Jahja Ling, in Bruch’s Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor; a recital at the University of Texas in January, 2007; and a performance with the Kalamazoo Symphony Orchestra in February, 2007.

Discography

Mr. Dicterow’s discography includes Copland’s Violin Sonata, Largo, and Piano Trio; Charles Ives’s Sonatas Nos. 2 and 4 and Piano Trio; and Erich Wolfgang Korngold’s Piano Trio and Violin Sonata, all for EMI. He is also featured in the violin solos in Richard Strauss’s Ein Heldenleben and Also Sprach Zarathustra with Zubin Mehta for CBS. Other compositions committed to disc are works of Wieniawski with Zubin Mehta and the Los Angeles Philharmonic; Lee Holdridge’s Violin Concerto with the London Symphony Orchestra and Holdridge conducting; Shostakovich’s Violin Concerto No. 1 with the New York Philharmonic conducted by Maxim Shostakovich on a Radiothon recording; and the Philharmonic’s recording of Rimsky-Korsakov’s Scheherazade with Yuri Temirkanov on the BMG label. Mr. Dicterow’s most recent CD is a solo recital for Cala Records entitled New York Legends, featuring John Corigliano’s Sonata for Violin and Piano, Erich Wolfgang Korngold’s Much Ado About Nothing, the premiere recording of Leonard Bernstein’s Sonata for Violin and Piano, and Bohuslav Martinu’s Three Madrigals for violin and viola, in collaboration with violist Karen Dreyfus and pianist Gerald Robbins. He currently appears on Navona Records.

Filmography

Mr. Dicterow can also be heard in the violin solos of the film scores for:

''The Turning Point''

''The Untouchables''

''Altered States''

''Aladdin''

''Beauty and the Beast''

''Interview with the Vampire''

Other Musical Interests

In addition to concertizing, Mr. Dicterow enjoys an active teaching career. He is on the faculty of The Juilliard School and Manhattan School of Music. He and his wife, violist Karen Dreyfus, are founding members of The Lyric Piano Quartet, which is in residence at Queens College, City University of New York. He also contributed to Madonna's 1992 album ''Erotica'' with the song In This Life, leading the strings in this orchestral song.

References

Category:American classical violinists Category:Concertmasters Category:1948 births Category:Living people Category:Juilliard School alumni Category:Juilliard School faculty Category:Manhattan School of Music faculty

Coordinates	55°45′06″N37°37′04″N
name	Gidon Kremer
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
born	February 27, 1947 Riga, Latvia, Soviet Union
genre	Classical
notable instruments	ViolinNicolo Amati 1641Guarneri del Gesù 1730''Baron Feilitsch Stradivarius'' 1734 }}

Gidon Kremer (; born February 27, 1947) is a Latvian violinist and conductor. In 1980 he left the USSR and settled in Germany.

Biography

Kremer was born in Riga to parents of German-Jewish (his father being a Holocaust survivor) and Latvian-Swedish origins. He began playing the violin at the age of four, receiving instruction from his father and his grandfather, who were both professional violinists. He went on to study at the Riga School of Music and with David Oistrakh at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1967, he won third prize at the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels; then, in 1969, second prize at the Montreal International Violin Competition (shared with Oleh Krysa) followed by first prize at the Paganini Competition in Genoa; and finally first prize again in 1970 at the International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.

Kremer's first concert in the West was in Germany in 1975, followed by appearances at the Salzburg Festival in 1976 and in New York City in 1977. In 1981, Kremer founded a chamber music festival in Lockenhaus, Austria, with a focus on new and unconventional programming, serving as artistic director for 30 years. In 1996 Kremer founded the Kremerata Baltica chamber orchestra, composed of young players from the Baltic region. He was also among the artistic directors of the festival "Art Projekt 92" in Munich and is director of the ''Musiksommer'' Gstaad festival in Switzerland. In 2008, he and Kremerata Baltica toured with the classical musical comedy duo Igudesman & Joo. He also made regular appearances at the Verbier Festival until the summer of 2011, when he withdrew, issuing a public complaint of excessive hype .

Kremer is known for his wide-ranging repertoire, extending from Antonio Vivaldi and J.S. Bach to contemporary composers. He has championed the work of composers such as Ástor Piazzolla, George Enescu, Alban Berg, Philip Glass, Alfred Schnittke, Leonid Desyatnikov, Alexander Raskatov, Alexander Voustin, Lera Auerbach, Pēteris Vasks, Arvo Pärt, Roberto Carnevale and John Adams. Among the many composers who have dedicated works to him are Sofia Gubaidulina (''Offertorium'') and Luigi Nono (''La lontananza nostalgica utopica futura''). His partners in performance include Valery Afanassiev, Martha Argerich, Oleg Maisenberg, Mischa Maisky, Yuri Bashmet and Vadim Sakharov. He has a large discography on the Deutsche Grammophon label, for which he has recorded since 1978; he has also recorded for Philips Records, as well as Decca Records, ECM and Nonesuch Records.

Kremer played the role of Paganini in Peter Schamoni's 1983 movie, ''Frühlingssinfonie'' [''Spring Symphony''].

Kremer has numbered in his collection of antique violins a Guarneri del Gesù violin made in 1730; and the Antonio Stradivari violin of 1734 often referred to by its sobriquet, ''Baron Feititsch-Heermann''. His current violin is a Nicolo Amati violin dating from 1641.

Kremer married three times: to violinist Tatiana Grindenko, pianist Elena Bashkirova and photographer Alexandra Kremer-Khomassouridze.

Honours and awards

Queen Elisabeth Music Competition (third prize) (1967; Brussels)

Paganini Competition (first prize) (1969; Genoa)

International Tchaikovsky Competition (first prize) (1970; Moscow)

Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1972)

Léonie Sonning Music Prize (1989; Denmark)

Latvian Great Music Award (1995, 2004; Latvia)

Lithuanian Great Duke Gediminas Medal (2000; Lithuania)

Rolf Schock Prize (2008; Sweden)

References

External links

Kremerata Baltica official website

Igudesman and Joo

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Latvian classical violinists Category:Latvian conductors (music) Category:People from Riga Category:Nonesuch Records artists Category:Prize-winners of the International Tchaikovsky Competition Category:Moscow Conservatory alumni Category:Latvian Academy of Music alumni Category:Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition Category:Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music Category:Paganini Competition prize-winners Category:Rolf Schock Prize laureates

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David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (or Oistrach), , ''David Fiodorovič Ojstrakh'', ; – October 24, 1974, was a Soviet violinist.

Oistrakh collaborated with major orchestras and musicians from many parts of the world, including the Soviet Union, Europe, and the United States, and was the dedicatee of numerous violin works, including both of Dmitri Shostakovich's violin concerti, and the violin concerto by Aram Khachaturian. He is considered one of the preeminent violinists of the 20th century.

Early years

He was born in the cosmopolitan city of Odessa in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine) into a Jewish family of merchants of the second guild. His father was David Kolker and his mother was Isabella Beyle (née Stepanovsky), who later on married Fishl Oistrakh. At the age of five, young Oistrakh began his studies of violin and viola as a pupil of Pyotr Stolyarsky. He would eventually come to predominately perform on violin.

In 1914, at the age of six, Oistrakh performed his debut concert, and later entered the Odessa Conservatory in 1923, where he studied until his graduation in 1926. In the Conservatory he also studied harmony with composer Mykola Vilinsky. His 1926 graduation concert consisted of Bach's Chaconne, Tartini's Devil's Trill Sonata, Rubinstein's Viola Sonata, and Prokofiev's Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major. In 1927, Oistrakh appeared as soloist playing the Glazunov Violin Concerto under the composer's own baton in Kiev, Ukraine—a concert which earned him an invitation to play the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto in Leningrad with the Philharmonic Orchestra under Nikolai Malko the following year.

In Moscow

In 1927, Oistrakh relocated to Moscow, where he gave his first recital and met his future wife: pianist Tamara Rotareva. They were married a year later, and had one child, Igor Oistrakh, who was born in 1931. Igor Oistrakh would follow his father's path as a violinist, and eventually performed and recorded side-by-side with his father, including Bach Double Concerto, which they first recorded in 1951, and Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante. In at least one of the recordings of Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante, Igor Oistrakh played violin, while David Oistrakh played viola.

From 1934 onwards, David Oistrakh held a position teaching at the Moscow Conservatory, and was later made professor in 1939. Some of his colleagues while teaching at the Moscow Conservatory included Yuri Yankelevich and Boris Goldstein. Oistrakh taught Oleg Kagan, Gidon Kremer, Victor Danchenko, Cyrus Forough, and his son, Igor Oistrakh.

From 1940 to 1963, Oistrakh performed extensively in a trio consisting of himself, cellist Sviatoslav Knushevitsky and pianist Lev Oborin. It was sometimes called the 'Oistrakh Trio.' Oistrakh collaborated extensively with Oborin, as well as Jacques Thibaud, a French violinist.

During WWII

During World War II, he was active in the Soviet Union, premiering new concerti by Nikolai Miaskovsky and Khachaturian as well as two sonatas by his friend Sergei Prokofiev. He was also awarded the Stalin Prize in 1942. The final years of the war saw the blossoming of a friendship with Shostakovich, which would lead to the two violin concertos and the sonata, all of which were to be premiered by and become firmly associated with Oistrakh in the following years. Oistrakh's career was set from this point, except for one small hitch - the Soviet Union was "protective" of its people and refused to let him leave. He continued to teach in the Moscow Conservatory, but when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, he went to the front lines, playing for soldiers and factory workers under intensely difficult conditions. The most heroic act in his life was his performance of Tchaikovsky's violin concerto to the end in the central music hall during the Battle of Stalingrad in winter 1942 while central Stalingrad was being massively bombed by the German forces.

International travel

Oistrakh was allowed to travel after the end of the war. He traveled to the countries in the Soviet bloc and even to the West. His first foreign engagement was to appear at the newly founded "Prague Spring" Festival where he met with enormous success. In 1949 he gave his first concert in the West - in Helsinki. In 1951, he appeared at the "Maggio Musicale" Festival in Florence, in 1952 he was in East Germany for the Beethoven celebrations, France in 1953, Britain in 1954, and eventually, in 1955, he was allowed to tour the United States. By 1959, he was beginning to establish a second career as a conductor, and in 1960 he was awarded the coveted Lenin Prize. His Moscow conducting debut followed in 1962, and by 1967 he had established a partnership with the celebrated Soviet pianist Sviatoslav Richter.

Later years

1968 saw wide celebrations for the violinist's sixtieth birthday, which included a celebratory performance in the Great Hall of Moscow Conservatory of the Tchaikovsky concerto, one of his favourite works, under the baton of Gennady Rozhdestvensky. Oistrakh was now seen as one of the great violinists of his time, among such luminaries as Romania's George Enescu and Lithuanian born Jascha Heifetz.

Oistrakh suffered a heart attack as early as 1964. He survived and continued to work at a furious pace. He had already become one of the principal cultural ambassadors for the Soviet Union to the West in live concerts and recordings. After conducting a cycle of Brahms with the Concertgebouw Orchestra, he died of another heart attack in Amsterdam in 1974. His remains were returned to Moscow where he was interred in Novodevichy Cemetery.

Distinctions

Oistrakh achieved renown by receiving awards and distinctions. Within the Soviet Union, David Oistrakh was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1943, the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1953, and the Lenin Prize in 1960. He also won the 1935 Soviet Union Competition. Several reputable works from the standard violin repertoire are dedicated to Oistrakh, including a concerto by Khachaturian, two concerti by Shostakovich, and several other pieces.

Oistrakh's fame and success were not only limited to the Soviet Union: he placed second at the Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition in Warsaw during the same year, only being bested by 16-year-old prodigy Ginette Neveu, and further improved upon that by winning the grand prize in the Queen Elisabeth Competition in Brussels.

Additionally, the asteroid 42516 Oistrach is named in honour of him and his son, the violinist Igor Oistrakh.

Instruments

David Oistrakh is known to have played on at least seven Stradivarius violins owned by the Soviet Union. He initially selected the 1702 Conte di Fontana Stradivarius which he played for 10 years, before exchanging it for the 1705 Marsick Stradivarius in June 1966, which he played on until his death.

David Oistrakh used bows by Albert Nürnberger and Andre Richaume throughout his life. Up until 1957, he used the Nürnberger bow. "The Andre Richaume bow bought by his son Igor Oistrakh in 1957, had filled David with such enthusiasm that Igor made a gift of it." Oistrakh had remarked that this (Richaume) bow gave him great satisfaction, so much so that when in Paris, he had to meet Richaume in person.

See also

Moscow International David Oistrakh Violin Competition

References

Further reading

External links

A Portrait (in Russian)

Discography

Category:Russian classical violinists Category:Ukrainian classical violinists Category:Soviet classical violinists Category:Jewish classical musicians Category:Jewish violinists Category:People's Artists of the USSR Category:Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition Category:Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition prize-winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Moscow Conservatory alumni Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery Category:1908 births Category:1974 deaths

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Frank Xin Huang (born September 5, 1978) is a Chinese-born American violinist and teacher. He has won several international music competitions, most notably the 2003 Naumburg Competition. Huang has concertized widely as a soloist, and his debut recording has been critically acclaimed. Effective 2009, he has been appointed the first violinist of the Ying Quartet and a professor of violin and chamber music at the Eastman School of Music. On January 19, 2010, it was announced that Huang would be leaving the Eastman School and the Ying Quartet in order to assume his new position as concertmaster of the Houston Symphony.

Early life and musical training

Frank Huang was born in Beijing and moved to the United States with his family when he was 7. As a child in the Houston suburb of Sugar Land, Texas, he began violin lessons with his mother, then commenced study with Fredell Lack in Houston. He first soloed with orchestra at 9. At 10 he received eight curtain calls for his solo performance of Wieniawski's ''Scherzo Tarantelle'' with the Houston Youth Symphony Philharmonia Orchestra. At 11 Huang was a soloist with the Houston Symphony in a nationally broadcast performance. At 16 he enrolled in the pre-college program at the Cleveland Institute of Music, where he studied with Donald Weilerstein; he continued studies with Weilerstein in college and earned his Bachelor of Music degree from CIM in 2002. Subsequently he attended the Juilliard School in New York City, studying violin with Robert Mann.

Career

As a winner of several international music competitions (see "Awards and distinctions" below), Frank Huang is much in demand as a soloist, both in recital and with orchestra, and as a chamber musician. Huang performed his New York debut recital at Alice Tully Hall in 2004 to high acclaim (see "Reviews and commentary," below). He has performed as a soloist with the Amadeus Chamber Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Genoa Orchestra, the Houston Symphony Orchestra, the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, the NDR-Radio Philharmonic Orchestra of Hanover, and others. Huang has appeared on ''American Morning'' (CNN), ''Good Morning America'' (ABC), and ''Performance Today'' (National Public Radio). He has performed at many of the most prestigious music festivals in the U.S., including the Caramoor Festival, the Marlboro Music Festival, and Ravinia, and has participated in The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center's CMS II program.

Awards and distinctions

3rd prize, 1999 Ima Hogg National Young Artist Competition, Houston

2nd prize, 1999 Premio Paganini International Violin Competition, Genoa, Italy

1st prize, Kingsville International Competition, Kingsville, Texas

1st prize, 1999 Irving M. Klein International String Competition, San Francisco, California

1st prize, 2000 D’Angelo International Competition, Erie, Pennsylvania

1st prize, 2000 Hanover International Violin Competition

4th place laureate, 2002 International Violin Competition of Indianapolis

1st prize, 2003 Naumburg International Violin Competition, New York City

Reviews and commentary

"Huang made everything he played seem easy. . . . In the end, what impressed most was Huang’s total grasp of each musical idiom he addressed and his ability to communicate such a variety of styles with force and immediacy. A debut recital of this quality used to be an automatic passport to a major career." —"Sweet Sounds" by Peter J. Davis in ''New York'' magazine, 2 February 2004

"One had a right to expect technical competence. . . . But Huang had much more than that on offer. He is a sensational musician. . . . a musician of elegance and impeccable taste. . . . There were simply no flaws." —"Fine Fiddling" by Heuwell Tircuit at SFCV.org (San Francisco Classical Voice), 1 December 2003

"[An] important artist." —''San Francisco Chronicle''

Discography

''Violin Recital''. With Dina Vainstein, piano. "Fantasies" by Schubert, Ernst, Schoenberg, and Franz Waxman. Naxos Records 8.557121 (recorded 2002; released 2003).

References

Sources

Cleveland Institute of Music ''Notes'' March/April/May 2004

Huang's biography at Hannover International Violin Competition website

Huang's biography at Naxos website

Irving M. Klein International String Competition website

"Local violinist honored" by Charles Ward. ''Houston Chronicle'', 27 June 2003.

"Youth Symphony offers peek at musical future" by Betty Ewing. ''Houston Chronicle'', 24 May 1989.

Category:American classical violinists Category:Chinese classical violinists Category:Cleveland Institute of Music alumni Category:Texas classical music Category:People from Beijing Category:People from Houston, Texas Category:Juilliard School alumni Category:Chinese emigrants to the United States Category:1978 births Category:Living people