- published: 27 Mar 2012
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- 1926 Miami Hurricane
- 1997 Miami tornado
- 1997 World Series
- 2 Live Crew
- 2003 World Series
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- African American
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- Alienware
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- Argentina
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- Aventura Mall
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- Avenue D (band)
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- Super Bowl VII
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- TK Records
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- Town (Florida)
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Allapattah
Allapattah is a neighborhood mostly in the city of Miami, Florida, and partly in metropolitan Miami, United States. As of May 2011[update], the county-owned portion of Allapattah, from State Road 9 to LeJeune Road, is being annexed by the city proper.
The name is derived from the Seminole Indian language word meaning alligator. The initial settlement of the Allapattah community began in 1856 when William P. Wagner, the earliest documented white American permanent settler, arrived from Charleston, South Carolina and established a homestead on a hammock along the Miami Rock Ridge, where Miami Jackson High School presently stands. Development ensued from 1896 and into the 20th century in the area with the completion of the Florida East Coast Railroad (FEC).
Allapattah was predominantly populated by whites from early in the 20th century until the late 1950s, when there was a large influx of black Americans displaced by the construction of I-95 (then, the North-South Expressway) in the 1950s and 1960s, leading to white flight to suburban Miami-Dade County and Broward County. Cubans migrated to Miami neighborhoods like Allapattah in large numbers following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, hosting one of Miami's largest Cuban American populations. The 1980s brought influxes of Dominicans, Nicaraguans, Hondurans, and Haitians in the aftermath of various refugee crises in those nations. Now, a melting pot of residents from all across the Caribbean, Central America, and Latin America reside in the area.
wn.com/Allapattah -
Amelia Earhart Park
Amelia Earhart Park is a 497-acre (2.01 km2) urban park in metropolitan Miami, just north Hialeah, Florida. It offers a number of recreational attractions like bike trails, skateboarding, and fishing.
The park was a part of the Miami Municipal Airport at Masters Field, what became Opa-locka Airport, and opened to traffic in 1926. A portion of the land was renamed in honor of Amelia Earhart and dedicated as Amelia Earhart Field in October 1947. The General Services Administration closed the naval air station, and later the marine air station, in 1959 as part of cutbacks to military surplus. Most of the former air station was donated to Dade County for use as a general aviation airport in the mid 1960s and it became Opa-locka Airport. Development of the Amelia Earhart Park was completed in 1980.
The park offers 8-mile (13 km) of bike trails. They include single track and fire road trails with a number of climbs, downhills, and banked corners. The Bill Graham Farm Village is a farm replica featuring a demonstration shed where visitors can watch horseshoeing, cow-milking, livestock judging and sheep shearing, as well as a petting zoo, exhibit hall, sugar cane press and pony ring. Near the barn is a country store and an adjoining insect museum.
wn.com/Amelia_Earhart_Park -
Amman
Amman (Arabic: عمان
/ɑːˈmɑːn/; ʿAmmān; Rabat Ammon) is the capital and largest city of Jordan. It is the country's political, cultural and commercial centre and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The Greater Amman area has a population of 2,842,629 as of 2010. The population of Amman is expected to jump from 2.8 million to almost 6.5 million by 2025 due to constant and rapid immigration. The recent economic growth experienced in Amman is unmatched by any other Arab city except those located in the Gulf. Amman is also the administrative seat of the homonymous governorate. Amman is also ranked a Gamma global city on the World city index.
Amman was named one of the MENA's best cities according to economic, labour, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. Amman is among the most popular locations for multinational corporations to set up their regional offices, alongside Doha and only behind Dubai. Furthermore, it is expected that in the next 10 years these three cities will capture the largest share of multinational corporation activity in the region. It is a major tourist destination in the region and the capital is especially popular among Gulf tourists. Amman is considered one of the richest and most Western-oriented cities in the Middle East.
wn.com/Amman -
Ankara
Ankara (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈan.ka.ɾa]; historically known as Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of 938 metres (3,077 ft), and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million.
Centrally located in Anatolia, Ankara is an important commercial and industrial city. It is the center of the Turkish Government, and houses all foreign embassies. It is an important crossroads of trade, strategically located at the centre of Turkey's highway and railway networks, and serves as the marketing centre for the surrounding agricultural area. The city was famous for its long-haired Angora goat and its prized wool (mohair), a unique breed of cat (Angora cat), Angora rabbits and their prized wool (Angora wool), pears, honey, and the region's muscat grapes.
The historical center of Ankara is situated upon a rocky hill, which rises 150 m (492 ft) above the plain on the left bank of the Ankara Çayı, a tributary of the Sakarya (Sangarius) river. The city is located at 39°52'30" North, 32°52' East (39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E / 39.875°N 32.8333°E / 39.875; 32.8333Coordinates: 39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E / 39.875°N 32.8333°E / 39.875; 32.8333), about 450 km (280 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul, the country's largest city. Although situated in one of the driest places of Turkey and surrounded mostly by steppe vegetation except for the forested areas on the southern periphery, Ankara can be considered a green city in terms of green areas per inhabitant, which is 72 m2 per head.
wn.com/Ankara -
Argentina
Argentina
i/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.
wn.com/Argentina -
Asti
Asti listen (help·info) is a city and comune of about 75,000 inhabitants located in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, about 55 kilometres east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River. It is the capital of the province of Asti and it is deemed to be the modern capital of Monferrato (Montferrat in English).
People have lived in and around what is now Asti since the Neolithic period. Before their defeat in 174 BC by the Romans, tribes of Ligures, the Statielli, dominated the area and the toponym probably derives from Ast which means "hill" in the ancient Celtic language.
In 124 BC the Romans built a castrum, or fortified camp, which eventually evolved into a full city named Hasta. In 89 BC the city received the status of colonia, and in 49 BC that of municipium. Asti become an important city of the Augustan Regio IX, favoured by its strategic position on the Tanaro river and on the Via Fulvia, which linked Derthona (Tortona) to Augusta Taurinorum (Turin). Other roads connected the city to the main passes for what are today Switzerland and France.
wn.com/Asti -
Atlanta
Atlanta ( /ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
wn.com/Atlanta -
Ayia Napa
Ayia Napa (Greek: Αγία Νάπα, pronounced [aˈʝa ˈnapa]; Turkish: Aya Napa) is a resort at the far eastern end of the southern coast of Cyprus, famous for its sandy beaches. In recent years, apart from being a family holiday destination, it has become a 'party capital' together with Ibiza, Rimini and Mykonos. As of late, it has become particularly popular with the familiar UK originated music such as Dubstep, Drum and bass, UK Grime, House and Garage artists/MCs.
The name Ayia Napa is derived from a Venetian-era monastery of the same name, located in the centre of the town, next to the square that today is the clubbing centre. The word "Ayia" (Agia) means "holy" in Greek. "Napa" is archaic and means "wooded valley" or dell. In ancient times the area surrounding the town was covered with thick forest.
According to local legend, the now renowned original icon was accidentally discovered by a hunter in hot pursuit of his prey. Upon discovery, the icon of the Virgin Mary was called Virgin Mary of Napa, eventually shortened and now known as Ayia Napa. The present monastery, built in 1500, was built around the cave, in honour of the Virgin Mary of Ayia Napa. According to local tradition, until 1790 no-one lived within close vicinity of Ayia Napa. The first inhabitants who actually appeared and settled were twenty men from Salonica, Greece.
wn.com/Ayia_Napa -
Baghdad
Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد, Baġdād, IPA: [bæɣˈdæːd]) is the capital of Republic of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Province. The population of Baghdad as of 2011 is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).
Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic World. This in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom) garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture.
wn.com/Baghdad -
Baltimore
Baltimore ( /ˈbɒltɨmɔr/, colloquially /ˈbɔl.mɔr/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located in the central area of the state along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. The independent city is often referred to as Baltimore City to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is situated closer to Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy.
At 620,961 residents in 2010, Baltimore's population has decreased by one-third since its peak in 1950. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has grown steadily to approximately 2.7 million residents in 2010; the 20th largest in the country. Baltimore is also a principal city in the larger Baltimore–Washington combined statistical area of approximately 8.4 million residents.
wn.com/Baltimore -
BankUnited Center
The BankUnited Center is an 8,000-seat multi-purpose arena on the campus of the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. The venue hosts concerts, family shows, trade shows, lecture series, university events and sporting events, including all University of Miami men's and women's basketball games.
The BankUnited Center is served by the Miami Metrorail at the University Station.
The BankUnited Center is managed by Global Spectrum, a subsidiary of Philadelphia-based Comcast Spectacor, which owns the Wells Fargo Center, the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League, the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association, the Adirondack Phantoms of the American Hockey League, Flyers Skate Zone, a series of community skating rinks, and Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia, a regional sports programming network. It also owned the Spectrum until it closed in 2009.
Currently the fate of the arena's naming rights, which are held by the failed BankUnited, are in question; the institution was sold by the FDIC to a private equity group after seizure on May 21, 2009.
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Barry University
Barry University is a private, Catholic university, which was founded in 1940 in Miami Shores, Florida, United States, a suburb north of Downtown Miami. It is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami.
Barry offers business, nursing, health sciences, teacher education, and liberal arts programs. It currently has more than 9,300 students, a faculty of 871, a campus of 54 buildings, and 39,922 alumni. Student to faculty ratio is 14:1.
Initially, Barry was a women's Catholic college. The construction of what was then the Barry College for Women began in 1940, in what had previously been "a tract of tropical vegetation." The empty lot was soon transformed into the main campus, in Miami Shores, FL. The original campus consisted of five buildings. The college was named for Mother Mary Gerald Barry. She served as president from 1940-1961.
Barry College became Barry University on November 13, 1981.
The university has had six Adrian Dominican Sisters serve as president since its inception: Mother M. Gerald Barry, 1940-1961; Mother M. Genevieve Weber, 1962–1963; Sister M. Dorothy Browne, 1963–1974; Sister M. Trinita Flood, 1974–1981; Sister Jeanne O'Laughlin, 1981–2004; and Sister Linda Bevilacqua, OP, PhD, 2004–present. The mother house of the sisters is in Adrian, Michigan.
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Bass Museum
Coordinates: 25°47′51″N 80°07′50″W / 25.79743°N 80.13062°W / 25.79743; -80.13062
The Bass Museum of Art is an art museum located in Miami Beach, Florida in the United States located at 2100 Collins Avenue. The museum specializes in art from around the world from the Renaissance to modern art. The Bass Museum was founded in 1963 by the City of Miami Beach from a private donation by art collectors John and Johanna Bass, and occupies the 1930s Miami Beach Public Library and Art Center.
The Museum creates and presents traveling exhibitions from national and international collections in order to stimulate tourism and provide an important cultural destination for Miami Beach. Collection highlights include Contemporary art, 19th century paintings, and Asian art.
Artists represented at this art museum include Cornelis van Haarlem, Peter Paul Rubens and Studio, Ferdinand Bol, Benjamin West and Armand Guillaumin.
The fee to get in is eight dollars unless you are a resident of Miami Beach, in which case it is free.
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Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital (Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] (
listen)), from 1991 to 2000 called Santafé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district and no longer belongs administratively to that department. Bogotá is the most populous city in the country, with 7.363.782 inhabitants as of 2010. Bogotá and its metropolitan area, which includes municipalities such as Chía, Cota, Soacha, Cajicá and La Calera, had a population of 7,881,156 in 2005.
In terms of land area, Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia, and one of the biggest of Latin America. It figures amongst the thirty largest cities of the world and it is the third-highest capital city in South America (after La Paz and Quito) at 2,625 metres (8,612 ft) above sea level. With its many universities and libraries, Bogotá has become known as "The Athens of South America". Bogotá owns the largest moorland of the world, which is located in the Sumapaz Locality. The city ranked 54th in the 2010 Global Cities Index and is listed as global city of the Beta+ kind by the GaWC.
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Bolivia
Coordinates: 16°42′43″S 64°39′58″W / 16.712°S 64.666°W / -16.712; -64.666 Bolivia (i/bəˈlɪviə/, Spanish: [boliˈβja]) officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, Quechua: Bulivya Mamallaqta, Aymara: Wuliwya Suyu), is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, Chile to the southwest, and Peru to the west.
Prior to European colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was a part of the Inca Empire – the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial period, this territory was called Upper Peru and was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of Spain's South American colonies. After declaring independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on 6 August 1825. Bolivia has struggled through periods of political instability, dictatorships and economic woes.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ ( listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
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Brazil
Brazili/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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Brickell
Brickell (pronounced /ˈbrɪkəl/ BRIK-əl) is an urban neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States. A neighborhood of greater Downtown Miami, Brickell is Miami and South Florida's major financial district.
Brickell is also a dense, high-rise residential neighborhood with many upscale, luxury condominium and apartment towers. Referred to as the "Manhattan of the South," Brickell is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, mostly along Brickell Avenue, Brickell's main north-south avenue and along Miami Avenue, home to many popular Miami restaurants, shops and places of entertainment. A few hundred feet east of the northeastern side of Brickell is Brickell Key, a gated island of upscale, high-rise residential and hotel towers. As of 2009[update], over 190,000 office employees work in Downtown and Brickell. Today, the Brickell and Downtown Miami neighborhoods are the fastest-growing neighborhoods in Miami, growing from 40,000 residents in 2000 to 71,000 in 2010. Brickell is served by the Miami Metrorail at the Brickell station and by 5 stations of the Metromover's Brickell Loop.
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Brickell Key
Brickell Key is a man-made island of the mainland Brickell neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. Also called Claughton Island, the neighborhood is just east of Downtown Miami and the Miami River.
The history of Brickell Key real estate can be traced to 1896, when Henry Flagler had a 9-foot (2.7 m) deep channel dug from the mouth of the Miami River. In the process, Mr. Flagler created an off-shore property composed of two small islands. In 1943, a real estate investor, Edward N. Claughton, Sr. acquired the Brickell Key islands and eventually purchased additional bay bottom land to combine them to a 44-acre (180,000 m2) triangle-shaped tract separated from Brickell and Brickell Avenue by only a few hundred feet of water.
In the late 1970s, Swire Properties purchased most of the island real estate property from the Claughton, and began to put into place a master plan that would ultimately transform it into one of the most distinctive island communities in the world.
As of 2000, the population of Brickell Key had 2,189 people (excluding the demographics and population of Brickell and Mary Brickell Village). The zip code for Brickell include 33131. The area covers 0.162 square miles (0.42 km2). As of 2000, there were 1,154 males and 1,035 females. The median age for males were 33.9 years old, while the median age for females were 31.9 years old. The average household size had 1.7 people, while the average family size had 2.5 members. The percentage of married-couple families (among all households) was 30.6%, while the percentage of married-couple families with children (among all households) was 8.2%, and the percentage of single-mother households (among all households) was 1.4%. The percentage of never-married males 15 years old and over was 24.4%, while the percentage of never-married females 15 years old and over was 16.4%.
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Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( /ˈbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz/ or /ˈaɪrɪs/,Spanish: [ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes]) is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after Greater Sao Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent. Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the third-largest conurbation in Latin America, with a population of around thirteen million.
The city of Buenos Aires is not a part of Buenos Aires Province, nor is it the Province's capital, but an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalised and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores (both are currently neighborhoods of the city). The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Autonomous City of Buenos Aires). Its citizens first elected a Chief of Government (i.e. Mayor) in 1996; before, the Mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic.
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Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgariai/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.
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Burger King
Burger King, often abbreviated as BK, is a global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants headquartered in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The company began in 1953 as Insta-Burger King, a Jacksonville, Florida-based restaurant chain. After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties in 1955, its two Miami-based franchisees, David Edgerton and James McLamore, purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. Over the next half century the company would change hands four times, with its third set of owners, a partnership of TPG Capital, Bain Capital, and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, taking it public in 2002. In late 2010 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in BK in a deal valued at $3.26 billion (USD). The new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes.
At the end of fiscal year 2011, Burger King reported it had more than 12,400 outlets in 73 countries; of these, 66 percent are in the United States and 90 percent are privately owned and operated. BK has historically used several variations of franchising to expand its operations. The manner in which the company licenses its franchisees varies depending on the region, with some regional franchises, known as master franchises, responsible for selling franchise sub-licenses on the company's behalf. Burger King's relationship with its franchises has not always been harmonious. Occasional spats between the two have caused numerous issues, and in several instances the company's and its licensees' relations have degenerated into precedent-setting court cases.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
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Central Florida
Central Florida a region of the U.S. state of Florida. Different sources give different definitions for the region, but as its name implies it is usually said to comprise the central part of the state, including the Orlando area. It is one of Florida's three best known "directional" regions, along with North Florida and South Florida.
Like all vernacular regions, the Central Florida's boundaries are not official or consistent, and are defined differently by different sources. A 2007 study of Florida's regions by geographers Ary Lamme and Raymond K. Oldakowski found that Floridians surveyed identified Central Florida as comprising a large swath of peninsular Florida. This area encompassed the interior, including the Orlando metropolitan area, and coastal stretches from the Big Bend south to the Tampa Bay Area in the west and from Daytona Beach south to Martin County in the east. In addition, North Central Florida has emerged as a vernacular region representing the interior area in the northern part of the state.
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Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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Chile
Chile (i/ˈtʃɪliː/ or /ˈtʃɪleɪ/), officially the Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈtʃile] ( listen)), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Along with Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America that do not border Brazil. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
Chile's distinctive shape—4,300 kilometres (2,700 mi) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 mi) wide—makes it the longest country in the world, north to south, with the fifth lengthiest coastline at over 78 thousand kilometers. The diverse climate of Chile ranges from the world's driest desert in the north—the Atacama—through a Mediterranean climate in the centre, humid subtropical in Easter Island, to an Oceanic climate, including alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and south. The northern desert contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Cleveland
Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
As of the 2010 Census, the city proper had a total population of 396,815 and was the 45th largest city in the United States, and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2011 ranked as the 28th largest in the United States with 2,068,283 people. Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2011 had a population of 2,871,084, and ranked as the country's 15th largest.
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Club Space
Coordinates: 25°47.08′N 80°11.58′W / 25.78467°N 80.193°W / 25.78467; -80.193
Club Space is a large nightclub located in the downtown area of Miami, Florida, owned by Louis Puig.
In the nine years of operation, Space has resided in two buildings. The first was a one-story renovated warehouse, consisting of three rooms, as well as an outdoor patio area, which was one of the primary reasons the venue was made famous. From March 17, 2000, until April, 2003, Club Space played host to some innovative parties for the Miami dance music scene, including marathon sets from Danny Tenaglia and Paul Van Dyk. Noted Miami producer Oscar G also acquired his long-running residency at this building.
Due to capacity issues, the venue was then moved to a larger warehouse and briefly renamed Space 34, before returning to simply being called Space. In its current configuration, (the building has radically changed its layout many times) Space is a 3-room, 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m2) complex, consisting of a large main room with a significant VIP area, an upstairs loft, as well as a rooftop patio which plays host to daytime parties. Often, guest DJs will play the main room, and then continue their sets upstairs on the patio.
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Cochabamba
Coordinates: 17°23′S 66°10′W / 17.383°S 66.167°W / -17.383; -66.167
Cochabamba is a city in central Bolivia, located in a valley bearing the same name in the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cochabamba Department and is the fourth largest city in Bolivia with an urban population of 608,276 (2008) and a metropolitan population of more than 1,000,000 people. The name derives from a compound of the Quechua words qucha, meaning "lake", and pampa, "open plain". Residents of the city and surrounding areas are commonly referred to as Cochabambinos. Cochabamba is known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" due to its spring-like temperatures year round. It is also known as "La Llajta", "town" in Quechua.
The city is also host to the first World People's Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth.
The Cochabamba valley was inhabited for over a thousand years due to its fertile productive soils and climate. Archaeological evidence suggests that the initial valley inhabitants were of various ethnic indigenous groups. Inca, Tupuraya, Mojocoya, Omereque, and Tiwanaku inhabited the valley at various times before the Spanish arrived.
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Coconut Grove
Coconut Grove is the oldest continuously inhabited neighborhood of Miami, Florida in Miami-Dade County, United States. The neighborhood is roughly bound by North Prospect Drive to the south, LeJeune Road to the west, South Dixie Highway (US 1) and Rickenbacker Causeway to the north, and Biscayne Bay to the east. It is south of the neighborhoods of Brickell and The Roads and east of Coral Gables. The neighborhood's name has been sometimes spelled "Cocoanut Grove" but the definitive spelling "Coconut Grove" was established when the city was incorporated in 1919.
What is today referred to as Coconut Grove was formed in 1925 when the city of Miami annexed two areas of about equal size, the city of Coconut Grove and most of the town of Silver Bluff. Coconut Grove approximately corresponds to the same area as the 33133 zip code although the zip code includes parts of Coral Way and Coral Gables and a small portion of zip code 33129. The area is often referred to by locals as "The Grove."
Coconut Grove is directly served by the Miami Metrorail at Coconut Grove and Douglas Road stations.
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Collins Avenue
Collins Avenue runs parallel to the Atlantic Ocean in Miami Beach, Florida, one block west. It is also State Road A1A. Collins Avenue was named for John S. Collins a developer who in 1913 completed the first bridge, Collins Bridge, connecting Miami beach to the mainland across Biscayne Bay.
Collins Avenue is home to many historic Art Deco hotels, and several nightclubs to the north.
North of 41st St. this boulevard lies between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Creek, lined by palm trees, and famous hotels from the 50s and 60s such as the Eden Roc and the Morris Lapidus-designed Fontainebleau Hotel, built in the curvy, flamboyant Neo-baroque fashion that defined the 1950s 'Miami Beach' resort hotel style.
Coined as "Millionaires Row," Collins Avenue boasts many of the most famous and trendy hotels along on the famous avenue including Alexander, Aqua, Beachcomber, Blue Moon, Carlton, Circa39, Claridge, Delano, Dorchester, EdenRoc, Essex House, Fontainebleau, Gansevoort, Haddon Hall, Kent, Loews, Lorraine, Marseilles, Mercury, Metropole, National, Ocean Spray, The Palms, Parisian, President, Raleigh, Richmond, Royal Palm, Sadigo, Sagamore, Setai, Shelborne, Sherbrooke, Shore Club, South Seas, Sovereign, Surfcomber, W South Beach, Whitelaw, The Miami Beach Resort and Spa (formerly the Doral Hotel), and many others.
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Colombia
Colombia (
/kəˈlʌmbiə/ kə-LUM-biə, or /kəˈlɒmbiə/ kə-LOM-biə), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia [reˈpuβlika ðe koˈlombja]), is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia has maritime borders with Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Colombia is the 26th largest country by area and the fourth largest in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru. With over 46 million people, Colombia is the 27th largest country in the world by population and has the second largest population of any Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico. Colombia is a middle power, with the fourth largest economy in Latin America, and the third largest in South America. Colombia is famous for the production of coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal, and oil. All of these products make up the primary sector of economy.
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Coral Way
Coral Way is a neighborhood within Miami, Florida that is defined by Coral Way, a road established by Coral Gables founder George E. Merrick during the 1920s. It is located in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.
The Coral Way neighborhood is served by the Miami Metrorail at Vizcaya (South Dixie Highway/US 1 and West First Avenue) and Coconut Grove stations (US 1 and West 27th Avenue/SR 9).
The Architecture in the Coral Way neighborhoods reflects the early-20th Century. Some of the oldest sections contain a mixture of Mission Revival Style architecture and Bungalow homes of the 1920s, along with the Art Deco style from the 1930s and the modest post-World War II dwellings.
The Coral Way area is best known for its historic urban boulevard along SW 22nd Street (Coral Way). One of the main thoroughfares between Coral Gables and the City of Miami, Coral Way passes through the City of Miami between SW 37th Avenue and Brickell Avenue. The Coral Way Corridor began in 1922 with citrus lined streets; later growing to have streetcar tracks down the center of the road, connecting Downtown Miami to Coral Gables. In 1929, a Roadside Beautification Program was started, and 1200 Banyan trees were planted along the median of the boulevard. Today, Coral Way remains one of the most beautiful corridors in South Florida.
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Crandon Park
Crandon Park is a 808-acre (3.27 km2) urban park in metropolitan Miami, occupying the northern part of Key Biscayne. It is connected to mainland Miami via the Rickenbacker Causeway.
The land Crandon Park occupies was once part of the largest coconut plantation in the United States, operated by William John Matheson and his heirs. In 1940 the Matheson family donated 808.8 acres (327.3 hectares) of their land to Dade County (now Miami-Dade County) for a public park. In return, county commissioner Charles H. Crandon promised that the county would build a causeway to Key Biscayne. World War II delayed construction, but the causeway opened in 1947.
At one time Crandon Park also included a zoo, occupying 48 acres (19.4 hectares) of the park. The first animals in the zoo, including some lions, an elephant and a rhinoceros, had been stranded when a circus went out of business in Miami. Some Galapagos tortoises, monkeys and pheasants were added from the Matheson plantation. Other animals were added, including a white Bengal tiger. In 1981 the Crandon Park Zoo was moved from the park to a location south of Miami, and became the Miami MetroZoo, later renamed the Miami-Dade Zoological Park and Gardens.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (i/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] ( listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.
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Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.
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Delaware Valley
In general, the Delaware Valley is a term used to refer to the valley where the Delaware River flows.
However, this article discusses the economic region centered on the cities on the tidal part of the Delaware Valley, including the metropolitan areas centered on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. and Wilmington, Delaware. It is roughly the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware-Maryland (PA-NJ-DE-MD) Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Delaware Valley as discussed here is composed of several counties in Eastern Pennsylvania and Western New Jersey, one county in northern Delaware and one county in northeastern Maryland. The area has a population of over 6.1 million (as of the 2010 Census Bureau count). Philadelphia, being the region's major commercial, cultural, and industrial center, maintains a rather large sphere of influence that affects the counties that immediately surround it. The majority of the region's populace resides in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
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Denver
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Design District
The Design District, historically a part of the Buena Vista, is a neighborhood of greater Midtown, Miami, Florida, United States, south of Little Haiti. It is roughly bound by North 36th Street (US 27) to the south, North 43rd Street to the north, West First Avenue to the west and Biscayne Boulevard to the east.
The Design District is made up primarily of old low-rise warehouses and gallery spaces, that have been reconverted into retail spaces, art galleries, restaurants and cafés. The Design District is in the crossroads of many prominent Miami neighborhoods, with the artsy Wynwood neighborhood to the south, Little Haiti and the historic 1920s Buena Vista neighborhood to the north, and the wealthy Upper East Side neighborhoods to the east. After decades of falling to urban decay, the Design District has risen to fame as a destination for the arts, design, and fashion.
It is home to over 130 art galleries, showrooms, creative services, architecture firms, stores, antiques dealers, eateries and bars. Every 2nd Saturday of each month a community wide Art & Design Night is held from 7-10 pm. A popular event, Art Galleries and Design Showrooms open their doors to the public for music and refreshments.
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Dodge Island
Dodge Island is an artificial island in downtown Miami, Florida, United States. It contains the neighboorhood of Port of Miami and the port Port of Miami, the largest cruise ship port on earth.
Prior to its disestablishment, Dolphin Cruise Line was headquartered on Dodge Island.
The original and much smaller Dodge Island was created during the dredging of Government Cut in the early 1900s. According to The Miami News, the island went unnamed until 1950 when Mr and Mrs Ray Dodge of Wisconsin, friends of Frank Stearns, director of the City of Miami Planning Board, were visiting and asked what the island was called and, "unable to come up with a name of the island ... Stearns gave the parcel of land its present name." The current island was formed by further filling which combined Dodge Island with two other man-made islands, Lummus Island and Sam's Island.
It is located in Biscayne Bay between Miami and Miami Beach
Coordinates: 25°46′20.56″N 80°9′58.34″W / 25.7723778°N 80.1662056°W / 25.7723778; -80.1662056
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Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic (i/dəˌmɪnɨkən rɨˈpʌblɪk/; Spanish: República Dominicana [reˈpuβlika ðominiˈkana]) is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries. Both by area and population, the Dominican Republic is the second largest Caribbean nation (after Cuba), with 48,442 square kilometres (18,704 sq mi) and an estimated 10 million people.
Taínos inhabited what is now the Dominican Republic since the 7th century. Christopher Columbus landed on it in 1492, and it became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas, namely Santo Domingo, the country's capital and Spain's first capital in the New World. Santo Domingo can boast of many firsts in the Americas, including the first cathedral, and castle, both in the Ciudad Colonial area, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Downtown Miami
Downtown Miami is an urban residential neighborhood, and the central business district of Miami, Miami-Dade County, and South Florida in the United States. Brickell Avenue and Biscayne Boulevard are the main north-south roads, and Flagler Street is the main east-west road.
Commonly called simply Downtown, the area is a cultural, financial, and commercial center of South Florida, tracing its present-day history back to the 19th century. In recent years, Downtown Miami has grown to become the fastest-growing area in Miami, with large scale high-rise construction and population increase. Downtown is home to many major museums, parks, schools and colleges, banks, companies, courthouses, government offices, theaters, shops and many of the oldest buildings in the city.
As of 2009, there are approximately 71,000 year-round residents in Downtown (including Downtown's Brickell, Park West, and Omni neighborhoods), with close to 200,000 residents living in the immediate Downtown area, making Downtown Miami one of the most populous downtowns in the U.S. after New York City and Chicago. With recent mass construction of high-rise residential buildings and office towers, Downtown has experienced large growth, with new shops, bars, parks, and restaurants opening up, attracting many new residents. Along with Brickell, Downtown has grown from 40,000 residents in 2000, to over 70,000 in 2009, making it one of the fastest-growing areas in Florida. It was estimated in February 2010, that about 550 new residents move to the Downtown area every month. As of 2009, over 190,000 office employees work in Downtown and Brickell.
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Emerald Coast
The Emerald Coast is an area in the US state of Florida on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico which stretches about 100 miles through four counties, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton, and Bay, from Gulf Breeze on the east side of Pensacola Bay to Panama City on the east side of the St. Andrews Bay, although some South Alabama communities use it as well.
Part of it had previously been dubbed the "Playground of the Gulfcoast" from the 1940s through the 1980s, as witnessed by the name of the Fort Walton Beach, Florida newspaper, the Playground News, later the Playground Daily News, now the Northwest Florida Daily News. In the postwar era, the stretch of coast between Fort Walton Beach and Panama City was also called the "Miracle Strip."
According to the Daily News, the term Emerald Coast was coined in 1983 by a junior high school student, Andrew Dier, who won $50 in the contest for a new area slogan. A disparaging term for the area is the "Redneck Riviera," which is sometimes considered to stretch to Gulf Shores, Alabama.
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Everglades
The Everglades are a natural region of subtropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large watershed. The system begins near Orlando with the Kissimmee River, which discharges into the vast but shallow Lake Okeechobee. Water leaving the lake in the wet season forms a slow-moving river 60 miles (97 km) wide and over 100 miles (160 km) long, flowing southward across a limestone shelf to Florida Bay at the southern end of the state.
The Everglades are shaped by water and fire, experiencing frequent flooding in the wet season and drought in the dry season. Writer Marjory Stoneman Douglas popularized the term "River of Grass" to describe the sawgrass marshes, part of a complex system of interdependent ecosystems that include cypress swamps, the estuarine mangrove forests of the Ten Thousand Islands, tropical hardwood hammocks, pine rockland, and the marine environment of Florida Bay.
Human habitation in the southern portion of the Florida peninsula dates to 15,000 years ago. Two major tribes eventually formed in and around Everglades ecosystems: the Calusa and the Tequesta. After coming into contact with the Spanish in the late 16th century, both tribes declined gradually during the following two centuries. The Seminoles, a tribe of Creeks who assimilated other peoples into their own, made their living in the Everglades region after being forced there by the U.S. military in the Seminole Wars of the 19th century.
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Fair Expo Center
The Fair Expo Center is a convention center located in Miami, Florida, adjacent to the campus of Florida International University. It has been built in stages since 1952. The center's main entrance features four meeting rooms totaling 5,950 square feet (553 m2) of space.
The flagship facility of the complex is the 77,940-square-foot (7,241 m2) Arnold Hall, which seats up to 7,460 for many events, including concerts, sporting events, banquets, etc. It's also used for trade shows. There is also a box office, an in-house restaurant, a state-of-the-art sound system, a meeting room seating up to 125, and public restrooms.
Edwards Hall features 35,581 square feet (3,306 m2) of unobstructed space and seats up to 5,083 fans. It is air-conditioned and also contains a sound system. It is used for trade shows, conventions, and sporting events. Both venues have a ceiling height of no more than 20 feet (6 m).
The Sunshine Pavilion was built in 2000 and can hold up to 6,920. It contains 49,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of meeting space, two food service areas, a ceiling height of 28 feet (9 m), a modern sound system and air conditioning, and a covered walkway to Arnold Hall. It is used for trade shows, meetings and other events.
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Flagami
The Flagami is a neighborhood in the Miami, Florida, United States, roughly defined as south and east of the Tamiami Canal, north of the Tamiami Trail (US 41/South Eighth Street), and west of Red Road (SR 959/West 57th Avenue), bisected by Flagler Street.
The name is a portmanteau of the names "Flagler" and "Tamiami." On a map of Miami proper, Flagami is the distinct "tail" that juts out of the west border of the city. 50,834 residents, mostly middle-class Hispanics and some white Americans, populate the Flagami area. The residential market is a wide mix of moderately priced apartments, duplexes and single-family homes. The neighborhood is alive with many small shopping centers attracting residents, creating an atmosphere of bustling retail activity by day, while a variety of supper clubs and popular lounges attract people from all over Miami at night. It is characterized by small yet neatly-kept and brightly painted single-family homes.
It is located at 25°45′43″N 80°18′58″W / 25.762°N 80.316°W / 25.762; -80.316, with an average elevation of 3 feet (0.91 m).
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Flagler Street
Flagler Street, is an east-west street that begins in Downtown, Miami, Florida in the Central Business District. It is named after railroad magnate Henry Flagler, whose Florida East Coast Railway played a pivotal role in the development of Miami, and is the baseline that divides all the streets on the Miami-Dade County grid plan as north or south streets.
The eastern terminus is at Biscayne Boulevard (U.S. Route 1) in the downtown Miami central business district. It is East Flagler Street from Biscayne Boulevard west until it crosses Miami Avenue, where it becomes West Flagler Street. It is three lanes westbound after crossing the Miami River, with one lane for eastbound traffic from West 12th Avenue. It is one-way westbound from West 12th Avenue until West 24th Avenue. Eastbound traffic splits at 24th Avenue and merges onto South First Street. It is a four-lane dual direction main road in Miami from West 24th Avenue until it exits the city of Miami after crossing over the Tamiami Canal just after crossing West 72nd Avenue (Milam Dairy Road). It continues westward into unincorporated Miami-Dade County until it ends at West 118th Avenue, just west of the Florida Turnpike.
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Florida
Florida (i/ˈflɒrɪdə/) is a state in the southeastern United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state capital is Tallahassee, its largest city is Jacksonville, and the South Florida metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S.
Much of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Its geography is marked by a coastline, by the omnipresence of water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state to border both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and its terrain is characterized by sedimentary soils. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. Its symbolic animals like the American alligator, Florida panther and the manatee, can be found in the Everglades, one of the most famous national parks in the world.
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Florida Bay
Florida Bay is the bay located between the southern end of the Florida mainland (the Florida Everglades) and the Florida Keys. Its area is variously stated to be 800 square miles (2,100 km2), or 850 square miles (2,200 km2), or 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2). Nearly all of Florida Bay is included in Everglades National Park. The southern edge, along the Florida Keys is in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The bay muds of portions of Florida Bay have been cored to develop insights on the paleontology of previous biota [1].
It is considered the "waterspout capital of the world" as the area has as many as 500 waterspouts per year. They are most common from June to October, but can occur anytime of the year.
Coordinates: 25°0′1″N 80°44′59″W / 25.00028°N 80.74972°W / 25.00028; -80.74972
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Florida Keys
The Florida Keys are a coral archipelago in southeast United States. They begin at the southeastern tip of the Florida peninsula, about 15 miles (24 km) south of Miami, and extend in a gentle arc south-southwest and then westward to Key West, the westernmost of the inhabited islands, and on to the uninhabited Dry Tortugas. The islands lie along the Florida Straits, dividing the Atlantic Ocean to the east from the Gulf of Mexico to the west, and defining one edge of Florida Bay. At the nearest point, the southern tip of Key West is just 90 miles (140 km) from Cuba. The Florida Keys are between about 23.5 and 25.5 degrees North latitude, in the subtropics. The climate of the Keys, however, is defined as tropical according to Köppen climate classification. More than 95 percent of the land area lies in Monroe County, but a small portion extends northeast into Miami-Dade County, such as Totten Key. The total land area is 137.3 square miles (356 km2). As of the 2000 census the population was 79,535, with an average density of 579.27 per square mile (223.66 /km2), although much of the population is concentrated in a few areas of much higher density, such as the city of Key West, which has 32% of the entire population of the Keys.
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Florida Panhandle
The Florida Panhandle, an informal, unofficial term for the northwestern part of Florida, is a strip of land roughly 200 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide (320 km by 80 to 160 km), lying between Alabama on the north and the west, Georgia also on the north, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. Its eastern boundary is arbitrarily defined. The terms West Florida and Northwest Florida are today generally synonymous with the Panhandle, although historically West Florida was the name of a British colony (1763-1783), later a Spanish colony (1783-1821), both of which included modern-day Florida west of the Apalachicola River as well as portions of what are now Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
As is the case with the other eight U.S. states that have panhandles, the geographic meaning of the term is inexact and elastic. References to the Florida Panhandle always include the ten counties west of the Apalachicola River, a natural geographic boundary, which was the historic dividing line between the British colonies of West Florida and East Florida. These western counties also lie in the Central Time Zone, while the rest of the state is in the Eastern Time Zone. Pensacola, home of the University of West Florida, is the largest metropolitan area west of the Apalachicola (453,451 in 2007).
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Fort Dallas
Fort Dallas is a 5.9-acre (2.4 ha) urban park in the Lummus Park Historic District of Miami, Florida, just west of Downtown. It once acted as a military base during the Seminole Wars, located on the banks of the Miami River in what is now Downtown, Miami, Florida, United States.
Old Fort Dallas was established on the plantation of Richard Fitzpatrick in 1836 as a United States military post and cantonment (and not as a fortification, although it is more than probable that there was a stockade surrounding it in its early days) in southern Florida during the Seminole Wars. It was named in honor of Commodore Alexander James Dallas, United States Navy, then in command of the United States naval forces in the West Indies.
The first commandant was Lieutenant F. M. Powell, who remained in command about two years. From 1836 to 1857 it was occupied much of the time by troops, but was not a military reservation. Quite a number of buildings were erected, and today only two remain. In addition to these, there were a dozen comfortable dwellings besides the slave quarters, stables, and a blacksmith forge. The Post Surgeon occasionally took meteorological observations.
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Frost Art Museum
Coordinates: 25°45′13″N 80°22′23″W / 25.75365°N 80.37306°W / 25.75365; -80.37306
The Patricia and Phillip Frost Art Museum or simply known as the Frost Art Museum is a Florida International University (FIU) museum located on-campus at Modesto A. Maidique campus in Miami, Florida.
Founded in 1977, The Art Museum at Florida International University (TAM/FIU). Since then, it has grown to achieve official recognition as a major cultural institution of the State of Florida for its unprecedented collection of Latin American and 20th century American art, its innovative exhibitions that draw on or enhance the collection, and its unparalleled service to South Florida's diverse audiences. In 2003, the Art Museum at FIU was officially renamed The Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum.
In 1999, the museum received accreditation from the American Association of Museums (AAM). From the community, the Frost Art Museum has earned the accolade "Miami's Best Museum" (South Florida's New Times, 1996, 1994, 1993) and Miami's Best Art Museum 2009(Miami New Times ). It has assumed a central role in the FIU community and in the cultural life of South Florida as a whole through its mission to serve the broadest audience possible and to deliver all programs and services free of charge. The Frost Art Museum is also an affiliate within the Smithsonian Affiliations program.
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Fruit and Spice Park
Coordinates: 25°32′08″N 80°29′39″W / 25.5356°N 80.4942°W / 25.5356; -80.4942
The Fruit and Spice Park is a 37-acre (15 ha) botanical garden in metropolitan Miami at 24801 SW 187 Avenue, located in the rural agricultural community of the Redland, Florida, United States.
The park contains more than 500 varieties of fruit, nut, and spice trees, including 80 plus banana varieties, 125 varieties of mango, more than 40 varieties of grapes, 70 bamboo varieties, plus guava, jackfruit, canistel, sapodilla, longan, lychee, mamey sapote, black sapote ("chocolate pudding fruit"), miracle fruit, jaboticaba, cecropia ("snake fingers"), coffee beans, and wax jambu, as well as other more exotic edibles. Visitors are free to sample fruits lying on the ground, but are not allowed to pick anything from the trees. Fruits that may be poisonous if not consumed correctly, such as ackee are fenced for safety.
Entrance requires an admission fee but the entrance has a store open to the public where many fruits from the park can be sampled for free. The store does not sell any fruit from the park, only various books and packaged spices, sauces, jams and jellies.
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Grapeland Heights
Grapeland Heights is a neighborhood in the city of Miami, Florida, United States. It is just east of Miami International Airport and north of Miami's West Flagler neighborhood. It is primarily a single-family residential neighborhood with a significant maritime industry along the neighborhood's eastern end along the Miami River.
In May 2008, Grapeland Water Park opened alongside the Melreese Country Club. The Grapeland Water Park is the first water park to open in Miami. The park is the largest city park in Grapeland Heights, and has proved very popular amongst young Miamians. In June 2011, received national recognition from the City Parks Alliance chosen for its excellence in design and innovation.
Grapeland Heights is located between NW 21st Street and the Dolphin Expressway from NW 42nd Avenue (LeJeune Road) to the Miami River.
Miami-Dade Public Library operates all area public libraries:
Grapeland Heights is served by Metrobus throughout the area, and by Tri-Rail. With the completion of the Miami Central Station in 2012, Grapeland Heights will be served by the Miami Metrorail and Amtrak at the station.
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Greater Boston
Greater Boston is the area of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts surrounding the city of Boston. Due to ambiguity in usage, the size of the area referred to can be anywhere between that of the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of Boston and that of the city's combined statistical area (CSA) which includes the metro areas of Providence, Rhode Island and Worcester, Massachusetts.
By contrast, Metro Boston is usually reserved to signify the "inner core" surrounding the City of Boston,[citation needed] while "Greater Boston" usually at least overlaps the North and South Shores, as well as MetroWest and the Merrimack Valley.
Greater Boston is tenth in population among U.S. metropolitan statistical areas in the United States, home to over 4.6 million people as of the 2010 U.S. Census and is ranked fifth among CSA's, having over 7.6 million people.
Greater Boston has many sites and people significant to American history and culture, particularly the American Revolution, civil rights, literature, and politics, and is one of the nation's centers of education, finance, industry, and tourism, with the sixth-largest Gross metropolitan product in the country and 12th-largest in the world.
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Greater Cleveland
The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area of Northeast Ohio that contains Cleveland, Ohio, United States and its surrounding area. According to the 2010 Census, the five-county Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cuyahoga County, Geauga County, Lake County, Lorain County, and Medina County, and has a population of 2,077,240. Greater Cleveland is the largest metropolitan area in Ohio.
Northeast Ohio refers to a similar but substantially larger area. This article covers the area generally considered to be Greater Cleveland, but includes some information generally applicable to the larger region, which is itself part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.
The larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area is the 14th-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States, and includes the above counties plus Ashtabula County, Portage County and Summit County, with a population of 2,881,937.
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Greater Houston
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is a 10-county metropolitan area defined by the Office of Management and Budget. It is located along the Gulf Coast region in the U.S. state of Texas. The metropolitan area is colloquially referred to as "Greater Houston" and is situated in Southeast Texas, just west of the Golden Triangle.
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States with a population of 6,086,538 as of U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2011 estimates. The population of the metropolitan area is centered in the city of Houston—the largest economic and cultural center of the American South, with a population of 2.1 million.
Houston is among the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States. The area grew 25.2 percent between the 1990 and 2000 censuses—adding more than 950,000 people—while the nation's population increased 13.2 percent over the same period. From 2000 to 2007, the area grew by 912,994 people. From 2000 to 2030, the metropolitan area is projected by Woods & Poole Economics to rank fifth in the nation in population growth—adding 2.66 million people. In 2009, Milken Institute/Greenstreet Real Estate Partners ranked Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown as the fifth-best performing metropolitan area; the Houston area had moved up 11 spaces from the previous year's ranking.
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Greynolds Park
Greynolds Park is a 265-acre (1.07 km2) urban park in metropolitan Miami, just north of North Miami Beach, Florida, United States.
In 1933 A. O. Greynolds donated to the tract of land, originally used as a limestone quarry, to Dade County. The park was developed between 1936 and 1939 by the Civilian Conservation Corps as a part of the New Deal public works program.
The park offers various amenities, including picnic and recreation areas, golf course, a bird rookery, and a 42-foot (13 m) mound, the highest point in South Florida.
Coordinates: 25°56′30″N 80°09′12″W / 25.9417419°N 80.153341°W / 25.9417419; -80.153341
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Haiti
Haitii/ˈheɪti/ (French: Haïti [aiti]; Haitian Creole Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the Republic of Haiti (République d'Haïti; Repiblik Ayiti), is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti (land of high mountains) was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island. The country's highest point is Pic la Selle, at 2,680 metres (8,793 ft). The total area of Haiti is 27,750 square kilometres (10,714 sq mi) and its capital is Port-au-Prince. Haitian Creole and French are the official languages.
Haiti's regional, historical, and ethno-linguistic position is unique for several reasons. It was the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the first black-led republic in the world, and the second republic in the Americas when it gained independence in 1804 as part of a successful slave revolution lasting nearly a decade. In 2012, Haiti announced its intention to seek associate membership status in the African Union. Haiti is the only predominantly Francophone independent nation in the Americas. It is one of only two independent nations in the Americas (along with Canada) to designate French as an official language; the other French-speaking areas are all overseas départements, or collectivités, of France.
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Hampton Roads
Coordinates: 36°58′N 76°22′W / 36.967°N 76.367°W / 36.967; -76.367
Hampton Roads is the name for both a body of water and the Norfolk–Virginia Beach metropolitan area which surrounds it in southeastern Virginia, United States. Hampton Roads is notable for its year-round ice-free harbor, for United States Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, NASA, Marine Corps, and Army facilities, shipyards, coal piers, and hundreds of miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.
The water area known as Hampton Roads is one of the world's largest natural harbors (more accurately a roadstead or "roads"), and incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River and James River with several smaller rivers and itself empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean.
The land area (also known as "Tidewater") includes dozens of cities, counties and towns on the Virginia Peninsula and in South Hampton Roads. Some of the more outlying areas from the harbor may or may not be included as part of "Hampton Roads", depending upon the organization or purpose. For a commonly used example, as defined for federal economic purposes, the Hampton Roads metropolitan statistical area (MSA) additionally includes one county in northeastern North Carolina and two counties in Virginia’s Middle Peninsula. Officially, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA has a population of about 1.7 million, the 36th-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
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Haulover Park
Haulover Park is a 99-acre (40 ha) urban park in metropolitan Miami, just north of Bal Harbour, Florida. The park is located on a shoal between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, just north of the Broad Causeway (SR 922) and Collins Avenue.
The Dade County Commission procured the beach front property in 1940 following a lobbying effort for a $2 million municipal bond ($33.2 million, adjusted for current inflation) by county commissioner Charles H. Crandon for the purchases of northern Key Biscayne (what became Crandon Park) and the beach north of Baker's Haulover Inlet, then called Ocean Beach.
Construction began on beach facilities in 1941, halted soon afterward due funding holds following the onset of World War II. Work on the property resumed in 1945, and park was renamed Haulover Park in January 1947, opening to the public the following year in late 1948.
The northern 0.4-mile (0.6 km) of the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) shoreline is a nude beach officially recognized and approved by the government of Miami-Dade County. The clothing-optional section was first designated by South Florida Free Beaches, a local naturist organization, in July 1991. The county at first tolerated but did not sanction the usage; it eventually allowed the installation of permanent signs marking the clothing-optional area, which were installed in December 1993. The clothing-optional area features lifeguards and a food and umbrella rental concession.
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HistoryMiami
Coordinates: 25°46′27″N 80°11′44″W / 25.774182°N 80.195587°W / 25.774182; -80.195587
HistoryMiami formerly known as the Historical Museum of Southern Florida, is a museum located in Miami, Florida, USA, specializing in the history of southeastern Florida, including Greater Miami, the Floria Keys, and the Everglades. HistoryMiami programs include exhibitions, city tours, education, research, collections and publications on the importance of the past in shaping Miami's future. HistoryMiami's Museum is accredited by the American Association of Museums, as it has been since 1979. In 2010 the museum announced HistoryMiami as its new brand name.
The Museum occupies a 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2) building in Downtown Miami and has exhibition space on two floors. The top floor houses "Tropical Dreams: A People's History of South Florida," the permanent exhibition that covers 12,000 years of history. The lobby contains two galleries that rotate temporary exhibitions, as well as the gift shop. HistoryMiami also includes the Archives and Research Center, which contains historic photos and documents useful to scholars, distant learners, industry professionals. The lower level houses classrooms used for educational programming and lectures, administrative offices, and part of the museum's object collection. In total, the museum's collection includes over 13,000 objects.
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Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was at times referred to as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize. The country is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.
Honduras was home to several important indigenous cultures, most notably the Maya. Much of the country was conquered by Spain who introduced its predominant language and many of its customs in the sixteenth century. It became independent in 1821 and has been a republic since the end of Spanish rule.
Its size is just over 112,492 km² with an estimated population of almost eight million. Its capital is Tegucigalpa. Its northern portions are part of the Western Caribbean Zone.
It is notable for its production of minerals, tropical fruit, and recently for exportation of clothing for the international market.
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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Indianapolis
Indianapolis /ˌɪndiəˈnæpɵlɨs/ (abbreviated Indy /ˈɪndi/) is the capital of the US state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 829,718. It is Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S. Census, is the 12th largest city in the U.S., the second largest city in the Midwest (behind Chicago), the second most populous state capital (after Phoenix, Arizona), and the most populous state capital east of the Mississippi River. Indianapolis is also one of the fastest growing regions in the United States.
For much of its history, Indianapolis has oriented itself around government and industry, particularly manufacturing. Today, Indianapolis has a much more diversified economy, contributing to the fields of education, health care, and finance. Tourism is also a vital part of the economy of Indianapolis, and the city plays host to numerous conventions and sporting events. Of these, perhaps the most well known is the annual Indianapolis 500 and the NHRA U.S. Nationals. Other major sporting events include the Brickyard 400 and the Men's and Women's NCAA Basketball Tournaments. 2012 marked the first time Indianapolis hosted the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLVI was played at Lucas Oil Stadium, on February 5, 2012 in Downtown Indianapolis. Also held in Lucas Oil Stadium is the Drum Corps International World Championships, and the Music for All Bands of America Grand National Championships.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ ori/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jordan
Jordan ( /ˈdʒɔr.dən/;Arabic: اَلأُرْدُنّ, Al-'Urdunn), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: اَلمَمْلَكَة اَلأُرْدُنِيَّة اَلهَاشِمِيَّة), Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdaniyyah Al-Hashimiyyah) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing control of the Dead Sea with the latter. Jordan's only port is at its south-western tip, at the Gulf of Aqaba, which is shared with Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. Over half of Jordan is covered by the Arabian Desert. However, the western part of Jordan is arable land and forests. Jordan is part of the Fertile Crescent. The capital city is Amman. According to the CIA World Factbook, Jordan has the second highest life expectancy in the Middle East, after Israel. The average life expectancy is one position behind the United Kingdom, although the age remains exactly the same (80.05 years).
The precursor to modern Jordan was founded in 1921 as the Hashemite Emirate, and it was recognized by the League of Nations as a state under the British mandate in 1922 known as The Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan became an independent sovereign state officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. After capturing the West Bank area of Cisjordan during the 1948–49 war with Israel, Abdullah I took the title King of Jordan and Palestine, and he officially changed the country's name to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in April 1949.
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Kagoshima
Kagoshima (鹿児島市, Kagoshima-shi?) is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the island of Kyushu in Japan, and the largest city in the prefecture by some margin. It has been nicknamed the "Naples of the Eastern world" for its bay location (Aira Caldera), hot climate, and impressive stratovolcano, Sakurajima.
As of 1 January 2010, the city had an estimated population of 605,855 and a density of 1,107.49 persons per km². The total area is 546.71 km². In 2003, the city had an estimated population of only 554,136 and density of 1,911.41 persons per km². The total area was 289.91 km².
The city's total area nearly doubled between 2003 and 2005 as a result of five towns—the towns of Kōriyama and Matsumoto, both from Hioki District, the town of Kiire, from Ibusuki District, and the towns of Sakurajima and Yoshida, both from Kagoshima District—merging into Kagoshima on November 1, 2004.
Kagoshima is approximately 40 minutes from Kagoshima Airport, and the city features large shopping districts and malls, is served by trams, and has many restaurants featuring Satsuma Province regional cuisine: kibi (a kind of tiny fish), tonkatsu (caramelized pork, as opposed to the breaded version encountered elsewhere in Japan), smoked eel, and karukan (sweet cakes made from steamed yams and rice flour). A large, modern aquarium has been installed on the old docks overlooking the volcano. The Sengan-en (Isoteien) Japanese garden is just outside the city.
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Liberty City
Liberty City is a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States. The area is roughly bound by NW 79th Street to the north, NW 27th Avenue to the west, the Airport Expressway (SR 112) to the south, and Interstate 95 to the east. The Miami neighborhood is home to one of the largest concentrations of black Americans in South Florida, as of 2000[update] Census.
It is serviced by the Miami Metrorail at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza and Brownsville stations along NW 27th Avenue. Currently, construction is underway to expand the Metro from Earlington Heights near Allapattah to the new Miami Central Station at Miami International Airport.
Once a part of the sparsely populated outskirts of northern Miami, what became Liberty City developed during the Great Depression of the 1930s when President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the construction of the Liberty Square housing project in 1933, the first of its kind in the Southern United States. Built as a response to the deteriorating housing conditions in densely-populated and covenant-restricted slums of Overtown, construction on the initial housing project began in 1934 and opened in 1937.
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Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population approaching 9 million, Lima is the fifth largest city in Latin America, behind Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. Lima is home to one of the largest financial hubs in Latin America. It has been defined as a beta world city by GaWC international ranking.
Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as la Ciudad de los Reyes, or "the City of Kings". It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru. Today, around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area.
Lima is home to one of the oldest higher learning institutions in the New World. The National University of San Marcos, founded on May 12, 1551 during Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.
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Little Haiti
Little Haiti or La Petite Haïti, and traditionally known as Lemon City, is a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States known as a traditional center for Haitian immigrants, and Francophone culture in the city.
In the early 1900s, a small farming community, Lemon City, developed in this area, but it was a city only in name. The area had many lemon groves from where the town took its name. Though not as abundant as in the past (due to urbanization and eradication from citrus canker outbreaks), lemon trees still grow in several residents' backyards. The town even had its own railway depot on the Florida East Coast Railroad. The growing city of Miami to the south, however, was looking for more property to add to their town. In 1925, Lemon City was annexed by Miami, along with the town of Little River to the north, and the town of Buena Vista to the south, each of which now comprise modern-day Little Haiti. Many residents and visitors continue to use the Lemon City name.
Through the years, the community has changed from agricultural to residential, from middle class to lower class and middle class again. Part of this change was driven by immigrants from Haiti, and soon the area was called Little Haiti (La Petite Haiti). In the 1980s and 1990s, Little Haiti was one of the poorest areas in Miami and was known for its crime and drug trade. Some of this still exists today, however the area is experiencing a cultural renaissance.
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Little Havana
Little Havana (Spanish: La Pequeña Habana) is a neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. Home to many Cuban immigrant residents, Little Havana is named after Havana, the capital and largest city in Cuba. The approximate boundaries are the Miami River (north), SW 16th Street (south), SR 9/West 27th Avenue (west) and I-95 (east). The neighborhood can also be said to extend as far west as LeJeune Road/West 42 Avenue. Little Havana is occasionally called the Latin Quarter.
Little Havana is noted as a center of social, cultural, and political activity in Miami. Its festivals, including Carnival Miami, Cultural Fridays, the Three Kings Parade and others, are televised to millions of people every year on different continents. It is also known for its landmarks, including Calle Ocho (SW 8th Street/Tamiami Trail), and its Walkway of the Stars (for famous artists and Latin personalities, including Celia Cruz, Willy Chirino, and Gloria Estefan), the Cuban Memorial Boulevard, Plaza de la Cubanidad, Domino Park, the Tower Theater, Jose Marti Park, the Firestone/Walgreens Building, St. John Bosco Catholic Church, Municipio de Santiago de Cuba and others. It is undoubtedly the best known neighborhood for Cuban exiles in the world. Little Havana is characterized by a robust street life, excellent restaurants, cultural activities, mom and pop enterprises, political passion, and great warmth amongst its residents.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Lowe Art Museum
Coordinates: 25°43′10″N 80°16′32″W / 25.719425°N 80.275657°W / 25.719425; -80.275657
The Lowe Art Museum is an art museum located in Coral Gables, Florida, a Miami suburb in Miami-Dade County. The museum is run and operated by the University of Miami and opened in 1950. The museum has an extensive collection of art with permanent collections in Greco-Roman antiquities, Renaissance, Baroque, 17th and 19th century European art, 19th century American art, modern art. The museum's national and international works come from Latin America, Africa, Asia, Native America, Ancient Americas, and the Pacific Islands.It also has a large collection of glassworks including creations by Arneson, Jun Kaneko ("Dango"),and Christine Federighi ("Globe"). Artists with works at this museum include: Lippo Vanni, Sano di Pietro, Francesco Bacchiacca, Jacob Jordaens, Jusepe de Ribera, El Greco, Thomas Gainsborough, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, Frank Stella, Knox Martin, and Duane Hanson.
The Lowe Art Museum is served by the Miami Metrorail at the University Station. 41,000 visitors visited the Lowe Art Museum in 2011, 6,500 of which were students.
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Ludlam Road
Ludlam Road, also known as West 67th Avenue, is a north-south street that runs west of downtown Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida.
The southern terminus is at the Charles Deering Estate. It commences here north through the village of Palmetto Bay, until crossing South 136th Street (Howard Drive) where it enters the village of Pinecrest.
It is the main north-south street in the village of Pinecrest, almost evenly bisecting the village.
It exits the village of Pinecrest after crossing Snapper Creek (Canal C-2) a short distance north of South 88th Street (Kendall Drive), and continues north into unincorporated Miami-Dade County for a short distance until it enters the city of South Miami at South 80th Street.
At Southwest 60th Street it borders South Miami on the east, and unincorporated Miami-Dade County on the west. At South 48th Street it enters unincorporated Miami-Dade County.
It continues north through the community of South Coral Terrace until it enters the city of Miami after crossing South 8th Street (Tamiami Trail).
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MacArthur Causeway
The General Douglas MacArthur Causeway is a six-lane causeway which connects Downtown, Miami, Florida and South Beach, Miami Beach via Biscayne Bay.
The highway is the singular roadway connecting the mainland and beaches to Watson Island and the bay neighborhoods of Palm Island, Hibiscus Island, and Star Island. The MacArthur Causeway carries Interstate 395 and Florida State Route A1A over the Biscayne Bay. Interstate 395 ends at Fountain Street, the entrance to Palm Island Park which has a traffic light as well as bus stops.
In the late 1910s, with the deteriorating wooden Collins Bridge (now, the Venetian Causeway) as the only direct land route between mainland Miami and the barrier islands of Miami Beach, construction on the roadway began in 1917. The roadway, dedicated as the County Causeway, was completed in 1920. Watson Island was reclaimed surrounding the western end of the roadway, completed in 1926.
Having undergone several lane and structural expansions following opening of the original two-lane road, the Florida State Road Board and Dade County Commission voted to rename the causeway in honor of World War II General Douglas MacArthur in 1942. Accessible from mainland Miami via Biscayne Boulevard and intersecting side streets through the 1990s, direct highway access was added to I-395 in 1997.
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Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name. It is the largest city in Nicaragua in terms of population and geographic size. Located on the southwestern shore of Lake Xolotlán or Lake Managua, the city was declared the national capital in 1852. Prior to its inception as the capital city, the title had alternated between the cities of León and Granada. The city has a population of about 2,200,000, composed predominantly of mestizos and whites. Managua is the second most populous city in Central America, after Guatemala City.
Founded in 1819, the city was given the name: Leal Villa de Santiago de Managua. Its original purpose was to serve as a rural fishing village. Efforts to make Managua the capital of Nicaragua began in 1824, after the Central American nations formally attained their independence from Spain. Managua's location between the rival cities of León and Granada made it a logical and ideal compromise site. Modern-day Managua was built in the 1850s on the site of an indigenous community. The city occupies an area on a fault. Seismologists predict that Managua will continue to experience a severe earthquake every 50 years or less. The city's economy is based mainly on trade and industry. Managua is Nicaragua's chief trading center for coffee, cotton, other crops and industry. It serves as an important industrial, commercial, political and cultural center. Its chief products include beer, coffee, matches, textiles, and shoes. Today, Managua is Nicaragua's main political, social, cultural, educational and economic hub. The city is served by the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport, the country's primary international airport and regional Brasiles Airport and Punta Huete, military airport, recently renewed.
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MAST Academy
Maritime and Science Technology Academy, commonly referred to as MAST Academy, or MAST, is a public high school in Miami, Florida, on Virginia Key. MAST Academy is a magnet school under the governance of Miami-Dade County Public Schools. The school's principal is Jane Garraux, appointed in August 2011. US News & World Report currently ranks MAST as the 66th best high school in the nation as of 2011.
The academic focus of MAST Academy is primarily maritime studies. Students choose one of three major areas of study in which a traditional U.S. high school curriculum is infused with maritime-related subjects. These major areas of study are Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences (OAS), Maritime Studies and Culture (MSC), and Marine Related Industries (MRI). Some special course offerings include: Marine Science, Oceanography, Solar Energy, Environmental Science, Swimming, and Water Safety.
MAST Academy is located on Virginia Key, a barrier island between Miami and Key Biscayne, across the street from the Miami Seaquarium and within walking distance from the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, the Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration), and the Southeast Fisheries Science Center (National Marine Fisheries Service).
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Metro Detroit
The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Michigan centered on the city of Detroit which shares an international border with Windsor, Ontario. The Detroit metropolitan area is the second largest U.S. metropolitan area connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. As a major metropolitan area, it is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, and popular music and sports legacies. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes.
The Detroit Urban Area, which serves as the core of the Metropolitan Statistical Area, ranks as the 12th most populous of the United States, with a population of 3,734,090 as of the 2010 census, and an area of 1,337.16 square miles (3,463.2 km2). This urbanized area covers parts of the counties of Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb. These counties are sometimes referred to informally as the Detroit Tri-County Area, and had a population of 3,863,888 as of the 2010 census with an area of 1,967.1 square miles (5,095 km2).
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Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
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Miami Art Museum
Coordinates: 25°46′27″N 80°11′47″W / 25.77429°N 80.19629°W / 25.77429; -80.19629
The Miami Art Museum (MAM) is an art museum located in Downtown Miami, Florida, in the United States. It was founded in 1984 as the Center for the Fine Arts, and in 1996 became the Miami Art Museum. The MAM dedicates itself to contemporary art and is located at 101 West Flagler Street in Downtown Miami in the same Miami Cultural Plaza as the Historical Museum of Southern Florida and the Miami-Dade Public Library. Current plans are to transplant the MAM from its current location in the Central Business District to Park West at Bicentennial Park along with the Miami Science Museum with plans for completion around 2013. The MAM receives over 60,000 visitors a year.
The Miami Art Museum is served by the Miami Metrorail at Government Center Station.
In November 2010, construction began on the new MAM building in Museum Park in Downtown Miami. The building is designed by Swiss architects Herzog and de Meuron. The new museum building is being built alongside the new Miami Science Museum building at the redesigned park. The building is to be 200,000 square feet, composed of 120,000 interior square footage, and 80,000 exterior square footage. Inside the museum, display spaces can be illuminated by floor-to-ceiling windows, which can also be blocked off. A grand staircase — nearly the entire 180-foot width of the platform — connects it to the waterfront. The new MAM building is expected to open in early 2013, and the Miami Science Museum building shall open in 2014.
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Miami Avenue
Miami Avenue is a north-south street that runs through Brickell, Downtown, and Midtown in Miami, Florida. It is the meridian that divides the street grid of Miami and Miami-Dade County into east and west avenues.
The southern terminus is on South Bayshore Drive in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami at Alatka Street/Mercy Way in front of Mercy Hospital. It is one way northbound from South 15th Road to South Fourth Street. It is one way southbound from North 17th Street to the Miami River downtown where it curves onto South First Avenue. At Flagler Street, the latitudinal baseline north-south road of the Miami area, extends from the central business district of downtown Miami to the west Miami-Dade, South Miami Avenue becomes North Miami Avenue. North of North 17th Street it is two way and continues north through the city of Miami until it crosses the Little River Canal after North 85th Street and enters the village of El Portal.
It continues north through El Portal a short distance until it crosses North 90th Street and enters the village of Miami Shores. It continues north through Miami Shores until it crosses North 115th Street and enters unincorporated Miami-Dade County. It continues north through Miami-Dade County until it crosses North 167th Street and enters the city of North Miami Beach where it continues north a short distance and terminates at North 173rd Street.
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Miami Dade College
Miami Dade College, or simply Miami Dade or MDC, is a state college located in Miami, Florida, United States. Miami Dade has eight campuses and twenty-one outreach centers located throughout Miami-Dade County. Founded in 1959, Miami Dade is the largest college in the Florida College System with over 161,000 students. Additionally, MDC is also the largest institution of higher education in Florida, and the second-largest in the United States. Miami Dade College's main campus, the Wolfson Campus, is in Downtown Miami.
Miami Dade College was established in 1959 and opened in 1960 as Dade County Junior College. The original campus was located at the recently built Miami Central High School. The campus consisted of a portion of the school and an adjacent farm. In 1960, a facility was built on an old naval air station near Opa-Locka Airport (known as Amelia Earhardt field), which would soon become the College's North Campus. The College enrolled African American students and Cuban exiles who could not afford other schools, becoming Florida's first integrated junior college. As the college grew, a temporary satellite campus opened in what is today Pinecrest at Miami Palmetto High School until the new South Campus (later Kendall Campus) was built in Kendall. Later renamed Miami-Dade Junior College, its two flagship campuses expanded and enrolled more students, eventually outgrowing the University of Florida and Florida State University. After some time, college board of directors' chairman Mitchell Wolfson envisioned a campus at the heart of Downtown Miami, and in 1973, the Wolfson Campus was built. The College changed its name to Miami-Dade Community College around the same time.
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Miami Masters
The Miami Masters (currently sponsored by Sony Mobile) is an annual tennis tournament for men and women held in Key Biscayne, Miami, Florida. It is an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the men's tour and a Premier Mandatory event on the women's tour and is played on hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park. The tournament is currently held in March each year.
The Miami Masters, which has had multiple sponsorships, was initially known as the Lipton International Players Championships and was a premier event of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour from 1985 until 1990 part of the Grand Prix Championship Series. In 2000, there was a change of title sponsor and the event was renamed the Ericsson Open. In 2002, the event became known as the NASDAQ-100 Open. In 2007, the tournament was renamed the Sony Ericsson Open in a deal where the company will pay $20 million over the next four years.
In 2010, a record 300,000 visitors attended matches at the 12-day Sony Ericsson Open making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Majors. In 2011, 316,267 visitors attended the Open.
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Miami Science Museum
Coordinates: 25°44′48″N 80°12′42″W / 25.74658°N 80.21157°W / 25.74658; -80.21157
The Miami Science Museum is an attraction located in the city of Miami, Florida USA. The museum itself also contains the Space-Transit Planetarium, Weintraub Observatory and a wildlife center. The museum is currently working to transplant the museum from its current location to Park West at Bicentennial Park in Downtown Miami along with the Miami Art Museum. The museum broke ground for the new museum in February 2012, the grand opening is expected in 2015.
The Miami Science Museum is served by the Miami Metrorail at the Vizcaya Station.
The Museum first started as "The Junior Museum of Miami" and was a private non-profit organization established in 1949. It was located inside a house on the corner of Biscayne Boulevard and 26th Street. The Museum grew so rapidly that in 1952 it relocated to the Miami Women's Club building on Bayshore Drive. When it arrived at the new location it was renamed "Museum of Science and Natural History".
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Miami Tower
The Miami Tower is a 47-story, landmark office skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located in central Downtown. It is currently the 8th tallest building in Miami and Florida. On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter placed it on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places as the Bank of America Tower.
Built for CenTrust Savings & Loan in 1987, the 47-story building ranks in the top ten tallest skyscrapers in Miami and in Florida at a height of 625 feet (191 m) and is known for its elaborate night-time illuminations and its dramatic three glass tiers. Designed the by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners architectural firm, the tower consists of two separate structures: A 10-story parking garage owned by the city and the 37-story office tower built upon the air rights of the garage. Preliminary planning for the tower began in February 1980; construction on the garage began by November. The garage was completed in February 1983 and the tower began construction a year later. On August 1984, while the tower was under construction, a 5-alarm fire began on the ninth floor; construction was subsequently delayed for several weeks. On December 15, 1985, the tower was lit for the first time in Miami Dolphins aqua and snowflakes.
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Microsoft
Coordinates: 47°38′22.55″N 122°7′42.42″W / 47.6395972°N 122.12845°W / 47.6395972; -122.12845
Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, United States that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. Microsoft is one of the largest software corporations in the world.
Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. The company has diversified into the video game industry with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles and the consumer electronics and digital services market MSN, the Zune and the Windows Phone OS. The ensuing rise of stock in the company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) made an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees (Forbes 400 list revealed that in March 2011 both Jon Shipley and Nathan Myhrvold lost their billionaire status). In May 2011, Microsoft Corporation acquired Skype Communications for $8.5 billion.
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Midtown Miami
Midtown Miami is the collective term for the Wynwood and Edgewater neighborhoods of Miami, Florida, United States, north of Downtown and south of the Miami Design District. It is roughly bound by North 29th Street to the south, I-195 to the north, I-95 to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east.
In 2005, construction began on the "Midtown Miami" development on NE 36th Street. The project is a large-scale, urban development that was planned with 8 high-rise residential buildings, a hotel, two parks, and a major urban shopping area, "The Shops at Midtown". Due to the collapse of the real estate bubble in 2007, only two residential buildings, and about 2/3 of the "The Shops at Midtown" were built. In July 2011, plans were announced to begin construction on a new entertainment center at Midtown, including a hotel, movie theater and shops on the site of the current temporary park in the center of Midtown. Critics of Midtown state the lack of parks as a major issue.
Midtown has grown quickly, and is home to Shops at Midtown, an outdoor shopping area designed to mimic New York's SOHO neighborhood, and home to many national and local stores and restaurants including Target, Guess, HomeGoods, Marshalls, SugarCane, Mercadito, Sustain, Cheese Course, Buro Miami, Ring Finger Studio, and an abundance of upscale apartments. Midtown has also become home to Art Miami art fair, which takes place during Miami's Art Basel week.
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Milwaukee
Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010. Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
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Minneapolis
Minneapolis (pronunciation:i/ˌmɪniːˈæpəlɪs/), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City", is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city of Minneapolis is 382,578. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. Known as the Twin Cities, Minneapolis-Saint Paul is the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with approximately 3.3 million residents. The city is abundantly rich in water, with over twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi river, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Among cities of similar densities, Minneapolis has the most dedicated parkland. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber, and today is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing the fifth highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. It has cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing, and music. The community's diverse population has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and VOLAGs, as well as private and corporate philanthropy.
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Murcia
Murcia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmurθja]), a major city in south-eastern Spain, is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country, with a population of 442,573 inhabitants in 2009 (about one third of the total population of the Region). The population of the metropolitan area was 689,591 in 2010. It is located on the Segura River, in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, noted by a mild climate with hot summers, tepid winters and scarce precipitation.
Murcia was founded by the emir of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman II in 825 AD with the name Mursiya مورسيا and is now mainly a services city and a university town. Highlights for visitors include the Cathedral of Murcia and a number of baroque buildings, renowned local cuisine, Holy Week processions, works of art by the famous Murcia sculptor Francisco Salzillo, and the Fiestas de Primavera (Spring Festival).
The city, as the capital of the comarca Huerta de Murcia is called Europe’s orchard due to its long agricultural tradition and as a fruits, vegetables and flowers producer and exporter.
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Mykonos
Mykonos (English: /ˈmiːkənɒs/, Greek: Μύκονος [ˈmikonos]) is a Greek island, part of the Cyclades, lying between Tinos, Syros, Paros and Naxos. The island spans an area of 85.5 km2 (33 sq mi) and rises to an elevation of 341 m (1,119 ft) at its highest point. There are 9,320 inhabitants (2001) most of whom live in the largest town, Mykonos, which lies on the west coast. The town is also known as Chora (i.e. the Town in Greek, following the common practice in Greece when the name of the island itself is the same as the name of the principal town). Tourism is a major industry.
Mykonos early human inhabitants were Carians, followed by Ancient Egyptians, Phoenecians, Cretans and Ionians.
In ancient times, Mykonos, due to its proximity to the then highly populated island of Delos (situated about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away), became very important as a supply island and possibly as a getaway location for Delian citizens.
In Greek mythology Mykonos was the location of the battle between Zeus and the Titans,[citation needed] and the island was named in honor of Mykons, son of Anios who was a son of Apollo and nymph named Rio.
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua (i/ˌnɪkəˈrɑːɡwə/ nik-ə-RAH-gwə), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: República de Nicaragua [reˈpuβlika ðe nikaˈɾaɣwa] ( listen)), is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's physical geography divides it into three major zones: Pacific lowlands; wet, cooler central highlands; and the Caribbean lowlands. On the Pacific side of the country are the two largest fresh water lakes in Central America—Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua. Surrounding these lakes and extending to their northwest along the rift valley of the Gulf of Fonseca are fertile lowland plains, with soil highly enriched by ash from nearby volcanoes of the central highlands. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot.
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
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Old Cutler Road
Old Cutler Road is an off-grid plan north-south main road that runs south of Downtown Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.
The northern terminus is Cartagena Plaza (Cartagena Circle) at the edge of the Coral Gables Waterway in the city of Coral Gables. It connects at the circle with LeJeune Road, Sunset Drive, Ingraham Highway and Cocoplum Road.
From this point south it goes through Coral Gables until it intersects with Red Road (West 57th Avenue). It then shares its name with Red Road, going due south for a short distance dividing the city of Coral Gables to the east with the village of Pinecrest to the west. It fully enters the village of Pinecrest upon crossing South 128th Street (Lugo Avenue).
It continues southwest through Pinecrest until it curves due west and shares its name with South 136th Street dividing the village of Pinecrest to the north with the village of Palmetto Bay to the south for a short distance until it crosses West 67th Avenue (Ludlam Road) where it veers southwest and separates from South 136th Street as only Old Cutler Road again.
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Palermo
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The city was founded by the Phoenicians, but named by the Ancient Greeks as Panormus meaning 'always fit for landing in.' Palermo became part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. From 827 to 1071 it was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when it first became a capital. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily. Eventually it would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.
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Peru
Perui/pəˈruː/ (Spanish: Perú; Quechua: Perú;Aymara: Piruw), officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðel peˈɾu] ( listen)), is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.
Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures, spanning from the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing.
Peru is a representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes Mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country with a high Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 31%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Qingdao
Qingdao (help·info) (Chinese: 青岛; pinyin: Qīngdǎo; Mandarin pronunciation: [tɕʰíŋtɑ̀ʊ̯]; German: Tsingtau) also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million (2010 census) in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.
It borders Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. The character 青 (qīng) in Chinese means "green" or "lush", while the character 岛 (dǎo) means "island". Qingdao is administered at the sub-provincial level.
Lying across the Shandong Peninsula while looking out to the Yellow Sea, Qingdao is a major seaport, naval base, and industrial centre. It is also the site of the Tsingtao Brewery. The world's longest sea bridge, the Qingdao Haiwan Bridge, links the main urban area of Qingdao with Huangdao district, straddling the Jiaozhou Bay sea areas. In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city.
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Research Triangle
Coordinates: 35°53′N 78°47′W / 35.88°N 78.79°W / 35.88; -78.79
The Research Triangle, also known as Raleigh-Durham or Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, and commonly referred to as simply "The Triangle", is a region in the Piedmont of North Carolina in the United States, anchored by North Carolina State University, Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and cities of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill respectively. The eight-county region, officially named the Raleigh-Durham-Cary CSA, comprises the Raleigh-Cary and Durham-Chapel Hill metropolitan areas and the Dunn Micropolitan Statistical Area. A 2009 Census Estimate put the population at 1,742,816. The Raleigh-Durham television market includes a broader 23-county area which includes Fayetteville, and has a population of 2,726,000 persons.
The "Triangle" name was cemented in the public consciousness in the 1950s with the creation of Research Triangle Park, home to numerous high-tech companies and enterprises. Although the name is now used to refer to the geographic region, "The Triangle" originally referred to the universities, whose research facilities, and the educated workforce they provide, have historically served as a major attraction for businesses located in the region. The region should not be confused with "The Triad", which is a North Carolina region adjacent to and directly west of the Triangle comprising Greensboro, Winston-Salem, and High Point, among other cities. Most of the Triangle is represented by, and closely associated with, the second, fourth and thirteenth congressional districts.
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Rollins College
Rollins College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in Winter Park, Florida (a suburb of Orlando, Florida), along the shores of Lake Virginia.
Rollins is a member of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), National Association of Schools of Music, American Chemical Society, Florida Department of Education, American Association of Museums, AACSB International-The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, Council for Accreditation of Counseling, and Related Educational Programs.
Rollins was founded by New England Congregationalists who sought to bring their style of liberal arts education to what was then the Florida frontier. It is the oldest post-secondary institution in the state of Florida, and has been independent, nonsectarian, and coeducational from conception. In March of 1936 during a visit to Central Florida, President FDR was conferred an honorary degree in literature at the Knowles Chapel on campus.
Rollins has three divisions that offer a variety of programs: College of Arts and Sciences, Crummer Graduate School of Business, and Hamilton Holt School.
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Ryder
Ryder System, Inc. (NYSE: R), or Ryder, is an American-based provider of transportation and supply chain management products, and is especially known for its fleet of rental trucks. Ryder specializes in fleet management, supply chain management and dedicated contracted carriage. Ryder operates in North America, the United Kingdom and Asia. It has its headquarters in suburban Miami, Florida within Miami-Dade County.
Ryder was founded in Miami, Florida in 1933 by James Ryder as a concrete hauling company with one truck, a 1931 Model "A" Ford. Within a few years,[when?] the business expanded to leasing trucks to other companies. This led to Ryder changing its focus from distribution to leasing. By 1939, Ryder's truck fleet had increased to 50. Ryder bought Great Southern Trucking Company in 1952. In 1955 Ryder System, Inc. was formed to combine Great Southern and Ryder Truck Rental. Ryder System went public in 1955. By the 1960s and 1970s, Ryder had expanded into the distribution and supply chain markets.
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San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
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San Diego
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo, known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic. Its metropolitan population was 2,084,852 in 2003, and estimated at 3,712,391 in 2010. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea, at the mouth of the Ozama River. Founded by Bartholomew Columbus in 1496, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World. It lies within the boundaries of the Distrito Nacional (D.N.; "National District"), itself bordered on three sides by Santo Domingo Province.
Santo Domingo was called "Ciudad Trujillo", from 1930 to 1961, after the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael Trujillo, named the capital after himself. Following his assassination, the city resumed its original designation. Today, Santo Domingo is the Dominican Republic's major metropolis, and is the largest city in the Caribbean by population.[citation needed] Santo Domingo is ranked as a Gamma world city by Loughborough University.
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Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
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Seminole Wars
The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole — the collective name given to the amalgamation of various groups of native Americans and Black people who settled in Florida in the early 18th century — and the United States Army. The First Seminole War was from 1814 to 1819 (although sources differ), the Second Seminole War from 1835 to 1842, and the Third Seminole War from 1855 to 1858.
The first conflict with the Seminole arose out of tensions relating to General Andrew Jackson's attack and destruction of Negro Fort in Florida in 1816. Jackson also attacked the Spanish at Pensacola. Ultimately, the Spanish Crown ceded the colony to United States rule.
The indigenous peoples of Florida declined significantly in number after the arrival of Europeans in the region. The Native Americans had little resistance to diseases newly introduced from Europe. Spanish suppression of native revolts further reduced the population in northern Florida. By 1707, colonial soldiers from the Province of Carolina and their Yamasee Indian allies had killed or carried off nearly all the remaining native inhabitants, having conducted a series of raids extending the full length of the peninsula. In the first decade of the 18th century, 10,000 – 12,000 Indians were taken as slaves according to the governor of La Florida and by 1710, observers noted that north Florida was virtually depopulated. The few remaining natives fled west to Pensacola and beyond or east to the vicinity of St. Augustine; in 1763, when Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain as part of the Treaty of Paris, the Spanish took the few surviving Florida Indians with them to Cuba and New Spain.
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Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations. The term originally referred to the region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the area; it is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-tech sector. Despite the development of other high-tech economic centers throughout the United States and the world, Silicon Valley continues to be the leading hub for high-tech innovation and development, accounting for one-third (1/3) of all of the venture capital investment in the United States. Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses all of the Santa Clara Valley including the city of San Jose (and adjacent communities), the southern Peninsula Valley, and the southern East Bay.
The term Silicon Valley was coined by Ralph Vaerst, a successful Central California entrepreneur. Its first published use is credited to Don Hoefler, a friend of Vaerst's, who used the phrase as the title of a series of articles in the weekly trade newspaper Electronic News. The series, entitled "Silicon Valley in the USA," began in the paper's issue dated January 11, 1971. Valley refers to the Santa Clara Valley, located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, while Silicon refers to the high concentration of companies involved in the semiconductor (silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially) and computer industries that were concentrated in the area. These firms slowly replaced the orchards which gave the area its initial nickname, the Valley of Heart's Delight.
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South Beach
South Beach, also nicknamed SoBe, is a neighborhood in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States, located due east of Miami city proper between Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The area encompasses all of the barrier islands of Miami Beach south of Indian Creek.
This area was the first section of Miami Beach to be developed, starting in the 1910s, thanks to the development efforts of Carl G. Fisher, the Lummus Brothers, and John S. Collins, the latter whose construction of the Collins Bridge provided the first vital land link between mainland Miami and the beaches.
The area has gone through numerous artificial and natural changes over the years, including a booming regional economy, increased tourism, and the 1926 hurricane, which destroyed much of the area. As of 2010, about 39,186 residents live in South Beach.
South Beach started as farmland. In 1870, Henry and Charles Lum purchased 165 acres (67 ha) for coconut farming. Charles Lum built the first house on the beach in 1886. In 1894, the Lum brothers left the island, leaving control of the plantation to John Collins, who came to South Beach two years later to survey the land. He used the land for farming purposes, discovering fresh water and extending his parcel from 14th Street to 67th in 1907.[citation needed]
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South Pointe Park
Coordinates: 25°45′58″N 80°07′59″W / 25.766156°N 80.132926°W / 25.766156; -80.132926
South Pointe Park, known locally as South Pointe, is a 17-acre (6.9 ha) county urban park in metropolitan Miami, in the Miami Beach neighborhood of South Beach, Florida.
The Federal Government donated the land to Miami Beach in 1979, which used it as a home to police horse stables, a police intelligence unit and the Port of Miami's harbor pilots until all buildings remaining at the site were razed in 1984 to begin conversion a park. The federal government paid half the construction cost.
Opening on October 25, 1985, it became the nineteenth public park in Miami Beach, built at a cost of $3.6 million (1984). Initial features included an amphitheater, two wooden observation towers, picnic pavilions, fitness courses and a 522-foot (159 m) wooden boardwalk over Miami Beach's last natural sand dune. During planning phases, city officials worried it would become a home to vagrants, and to discourage that they planned the park to be a home to frequent festivals and other events. The park became part of a larger plan in the 1980s to renovate the city's run down South Pointe area.
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Southwest Airlines
Coordinates: 32°50′48″N 96°51′40″W / 32.846666666667°N 96.861°W / 32.846666666667; -96.861 (Southwest Airlines Headquarters)
Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV), operating as Southwest Airlines, is the largest low-cost carrier in the U.S. headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The airline was established in 1967 adopting its current name in 1971, and as of June 5, 2011 (2011 -06-05)[update] is the largest airline in the United States based upon domestic passengers carried.
Although it operated Boeing 727 aircraft for a short time during the 1970s and 1980s, between that time and 2012 the airline operated only Boeing 737 aircraft, and as of September 30, 2011 (2011 -09-30)[update] was the largest operator of the 737 worldwide with over 550 of these aircraft in service, each operating an average of six flights per day.
In May 2011 the airline acquired Orlando-based AirTran Airways, with full integration of the carriers taking place over several years, and on March 1, 2012, the company was issued a single operating certificate meaning that from a technical standpoint, Southwest and AirTran became one airline. As a result, following the merger, Southwest also began operating the Boeing 717.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire (Spanish: Imperio Español) comprised territories and colonies administered by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was one of the first global empires. At the time of Habsburgs, Spain reached the peak of its political and economic power when it became the foremost global power. Its establishment in the 15th century ushered in the modern global era and five centuries of European dominance of global affairs. Spain's territorial reach beyond Europe spanned six centuries, from the first voyages to the Americas in 1492 until the independence of its last African colonies in the 1970s.
After the War of the Castilian Succession (1475–1479), Spain had emerged with a personally unified monarchy, with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs or los Reyes Catolicos between the Queen of Castile and the King of Aragon: the internal and foreign policy was coordinated although the rule was separate. In 1492, the Spanish monarchs completed the Reconquista with the incorporation of Granada to the Kingdom of Castile. That same year Christopher Columbus commanded the first Spanish exploratory voyage west across the Atlantic Ocean, leading to the Discovery of America and Europe's eventual colonial engagement in the New World. The Americas thereby became the focus of Spanish exploration and colonization.
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Tampa Bay Area
Coordinates: 28°00′N 82°18′W / 28°N 82.3°W / 28; -82.3
The Tampa Bay Area is the region of west central Florida adjacent to Tampa Bay. Definitions of the region vary. It is often considered equivalent to the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (or MSA) defined by the United States Census Bureau. The Census Bureau currently estimates the population for the CMSA at 4,228,855 as of 2010 during consolidation. as of July 1, 2008, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Florida and fourth in the Southeast.
A wider definition is adopted by other entities, including state agencies like Enterprise Florida and the Florida Department of Transportation, and the Tampa Bay Partnership, a not-for-profit organization created to promote economic growth in the region. These entities include additional nearby counties. According to the Tampa Bay Partnership the Greater Tampa Bay Region contains 4 million residents. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U.S. Census data showed an average annual growth of 2.47 percent, or a gain of approximately 97,000 residents per year between 2000 and 2006. The combined Greater Tampa Bay region experienced a combined growth rate of 14.8 percent, growing from 3.4 million to 3.9 million and hitting the 4 million mark on April 1, 2007 in the continuous Tampa Bay urban area.
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The Miami Herald
The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by The McClatchy Company headquartered on Biscayne Bay in the Omni district of Downtown Miami, Florida, United States. Founded in 1903, it is the largest newspaper in South Florida, serving Miami-Dade, Broward County and Monroe County, and circulates throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.
The newspaper employs over 800 people in Miami and across several bureaus, including Bogotá, Managua, Tallahassee, Vero Beach, Key West, and shared space in McClatchy's Washington bureau. Its newsroom staff of about 450 includes 144 reporters, 69 editors, 69 copy editors, 29 photographers, five graphic artists (not including page designers), 11 columnists, six critics, 48 editorial specialists, and 18 news assistants. In June 2009, The Miami Herald announced widespread layoffs in June 2008, with plans to cut 250 full-time jobs—17 percent of the newspaper's workforce.
The newspaper has been awarded 20 Pulitzer Prizes since beginning publication in 1903. Well-known columnists are Pulitzer-winning political commentator Leonard Pitts, Jr., humorist Dave Barry and novelist Carl Hiaasen. Other columnists include Fred Grimm and Edwin Pope. David Landsberg is the publisher, and Aminda Marqués Gonzalez is the executive editor.
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The Roads
The Roads is a neighborhood of Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is a triangular area located south of SW 11th Street, between SW 12th Avenue and SW 15th Road, just west of Brickell.
The Roads is known for its old homes, historic public schools, and its tree-covered streets. The Roads is very close to Downtown and Brickell, but is a surprisingly quiet neighborhood. It is also a unique neighborhood because it is off the Miami grid, and thus all the streets in The Roads are named roads, instead of streets and avenues, as is the case in the rest of Miami. Since 1986, the Miami Roads Neighborhood Civic Association has worked on a variety of projects to support the neighborhood.
The Roads neighborhood is served by the Miami Metrorail at the Vizcaya station to the south and by the Brickell station to the north.
The Roads, originally called "Brickell Hammock" was designed, platted and developed by Mary Brickell in January 1922 days before her death. Mary Brickell had designed the Roads as a pedestrian-friendly neighborhood, with wide streets with median parkways and roundabouts with native Miami plants. Mary Brickell gave the streets, parkways, sidewalks, and electric lighting to the City of Miami in 1922. All the properties were sold in a single day on February 1, 1923.
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Tropic of Cancer
Coordinates: 23°26′16″N 0°0′0″W / 23.43778°N 0°E / 23.43778; 0 (Prime Meridian)
The Tropic of Cancer, also referred to as the Northern tropic, is the circle of latitude on the Earth that marks the most northerly position at which the Sun may appear directly overhead at its zenith. This event occurs once per year, at the time of the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.
Its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, marking the most southerly position at which the Sun may appear directly overhead, is the Tropic of Capricorn. These tropics are two of the five major degree measures or major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth, besides the Arctic and Antarctic Circles and the Equator. The positions of these circles of latitude (other than the Equator) are dictated by the tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation relative to the plane of its orbit.
The imaginary line is called the Tropic of Cancer because when the Sun reaches the zenith at this latitude, it is entering the tropical sign of Cancer (summer solstice). When it was named, the Sun was also in the direction of the constellation Cancer (Latin for crab). However, this is no longer true due to the precession of the equinoxes. According to International Astronomical Union boundaries, the Sun now is in Taurus at the June solstice. According to sidereal astrology, which divides the zodiac into 12 equal parts, the Sun is in Gemini at that time. However, according to tropical astrology, which divides the ecliptic in twelve 30º sectors, starting with the vernal equinox, the Sun is always entering Cancer at this time, as the Earth's axial tilt is most inclined towards the Sun. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek τροπή (tropi), meaning turn, referring to the fact that the Sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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Ultra Music Festival
Ultra Music Festival is an annual outdoor electronic music festival that occurs in March in the city of Miami, Florida, United States. Previously, the festival coincided with the annual Winter Music Conference, also held in Miami, however, as of 2011, the two are held on separate weeks.
Ultra is held in Downtown Miami in Bayfront Park. It was a 1-day festival from 1999–2006, a 2-day festival from 2007–2010, and was a 3-day festival in 2011-2012. It is North America's second largest electronic music festival, after the Electric Daisy Carnival. In 2012, a record 60,000 people attended the festival per day.
Ultra Music Festival was founded in 1999 by business partners Russell Faibisch and Alex Omes. The first ever Ultra Music Festival was held as a one day event at the end of the Winter Music Conference in 1999 with performances by Rabbit in the Moon and DJ Baby Anne. The event was held on South Beach in Miami Beach, Florida, and was a major success. In March 2000 the festival returned to South Beach as a one day event, the festival was met with even more success and was renewed immediately for a third year.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Miami
The University of Miami (informally referred to as UM, U of M, U Miami, Miami, or The U) is a private, non-sectarian university founded in 1925 with its main campus in Coral Gables, Florida, a medical campus in Miami city proper at Civic Center, and an oceanographic research facility on Virginia Key.
As of 2009[update], the university currently enrolls 15,629 students in 12 separate colleges, including a medical school, law school, and a school focused on the study of oceanography and atmospheric sciences. These colleges offer approximately 115 undergraduate, 114 master’s, 51 doctoral, and two professional areas of study. Over the years, the University's students have represented all 50 states and close to 150 foreign countries. With more than 13,000 full and part-time faculty and staff, UM is the sixth largest employer in Miami-Dade County.
Research is a component of each academic division, with UM attracting $326 million per year in sponsored research grants. UM also offers a large library system with over 3.1 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage and music. UM also offers a wide range of student activities, including fraternities and sororities, a student newspaper and radio station. UM's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and its football team has won five national championships.
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Upper Eastside
The Upper East Side (alternatively spelled Eastside and commonly referred to as Northeast Miami) neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States. It is north of Edgewater, east of Little Haiti, south of the village of Miami Shores, and sits on Biscayne Bay. In geographical order from south to north and east to west, it contains the subdivisions of Magnolia Park, Bay Point, Morningside, Bayside, Belle Meade, Shorecrest, and Palm Grove. The MiMo District in the area is host to many art galleries, shops and and restaurants.
The Upper East Side is primarily a residential neighborhood, composed largely of historic single-family homes from the 1920s, with Biscayne Boulevard running along the center of the neighborhood with mid-rise and high-rise office towers, hotels, and apartments. The MiMo Historic District runs along Biscayne Boulevard, and includes a large number of MiMo hotels from the 1950s and 1960s, that have been preserved, and have recently begun to be renovated, and turned into stores, restaurants and boutique hotels.
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Varna
Coordinates: 43°13′N 27°55′E / 43.217°N 27.917°E / 43.217; 27.917
Varna (Bulgarian: Варна, pronounced [ˈvarnɐ]) is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and the third-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv with a population of 334,870 inhabitants as of February, 2011. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous province and Varna Municipality. It is the eleventh-largest city in the Balkans after Istanbul, Athens, Bucharest, Sofia, Belgrade, Thessaloniki, Zagreb, Skopje, Tirana and Plovdiv.
Commonly referred to as the marine (or summer) capital of Bulgaria, Varna is a major tourist destination, business and university centre, seaport, and headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine, as well as the centre of Varna Province and Bulgaria's North-Eastern planning region (NUTS II), comprising also the provinces of Dobrich, Shumen, and Targovishte. The Varna Airport with its mainly tourist 1,181,830 passangers (2011) rank third in Bulgaria after the Burgas and Sofia Airport.
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Venetian Islands
The Venetian Islands are a chain of artificial islands in Biscayne Bay in the cities of Miami and Miami Beach, Florida. The islands are, from west to east: Biscayne Island (Miami), San Marco Island (Miami), San Marino Island (Miami Beach), Di Lido Island (Miami Beach), Rivo Alto Island (Miami Beach), and Belle Isle (Miami Beach). Flagler Monument Island remains an uninhabited picnic island, originally built in 1920 as a memorial to railroad pioneer Henry Flagler. The islands are connected by bridges from the Miami mainland to Miami Beach.
The Venetian Islands project was proposed to be much larger than what exists today. Another causeway was to be built, called "The Drive of the Campanili." The causeway would connect Hibiscus Island (south of the Venetian Islands) with Di Lido Island. The road would then continue north right up the center of Biscayne Bay, with five new islands created along its path. The roadway would then veer slightly to the northeast, where it would end at Indian Creek Village. An additional four islands would be built along two east-west roads that would connect with the causeway. One of these roads was along the current route of the Julia Tuttle Causeway and the other along the current route of the 79th Street Causeway.
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Vice City
Vice City is a city in the Grand Theft Auto series, based on Miami, Florida. Two versions of the city have appeared in different generations of the series: The Grand Theft Auto rendition is geographically very similar to Miami. The Grand Theft Auto: Vice City rendition (also featured in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories) is composed of two mainland islands, with five smaller ones in between. This rendition of Vice City draws significant inspiration from the 1980s culture of Miami.
Located in the Florida Keys, Vice City enjoys a subtropical or near-tropical climate with year-long sunny weather, occasional strong winds and rainfall. It is also suggested that in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City and in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories that the city is exposed to hurricanes, as is Miami; early in Vice City, bridges are closed to the public as Hurricane Hermione is believed to be approaching the city. Similarly in Vice City Stories, Hurricane Gordy is believed to be approaching the city.
Compared to Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, the Grand Theft Auto rendition of Vice City is more geographically accurate to Miami. Eastern Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and the surrounding areas are depicted as "Vice Beach;" North Miami Beach and the Central Business District have been tagged as "Felicity". Western Vice City is made up of Miramire, Coral City, Greek Heights, Little Dominica, Little Bogota and Richman Heights, each representing the counties Broward and Dade. Although it is more geographically accurate it is not as accurate in culture.
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Virginia Key
Virginia Key is a 863-acre (3.49 km2) barrier island in Miami, Florida, United States in Biscayne Bay, south of Brickell and north of Key Biscayne. It accessible from the mainland via the Rickenbacker Causeway.
The island is namely occupied by the Virginia Key Beach Park, Miami Seaquarium, and the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. Other facilities include the former Miami Marine Stadium, the National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center, and an office of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
What is now Virginia Key was the southern end of a barrier island that extended from the New River inlet in Fort Lauderdale to just north of Key Biscayne. Early accounts by Spanish explorers indicated the existence of one or more inlets somewhere on the long spit of land enclosing the northern end of Biscayne Bay, but such inlets open and close over time. At the beginning of the 19th century, there was no inlet through the barrier island between the New River Inlet and Bear Cut, at the northern end of Key Biscayne. Hurricanes in 1835 and 1838 opened a new inlet, Narrows Cut (now known as Norris Cut), separating Virginia Key from what is now Fisher Island at the south end of Miami Beach.
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West Flagler
West Flagler (formerly West Little Havana) is a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States, bisected by Flagler Street. It is roughly located south of the Tamiami Trail (US 41/South Eighth Street) and south of North Seventh Street, between State Road 9 (West 27th Avenue) to the east and LeJeune Road (West 42nd Avenue) to the west.
In the 2010 U.S. Census, West Flagler had a population of 31,407 with a population density of 11,468.2 residents per square mile.
As of 2000, West Flagler had a population of 41,012 residents, with 14,810 households, and 10,490 families residing in the neighborhood. The median household income was $26,176.70. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 90.73% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 1.15% Black or African American (non-Hispanic), 7.61% White (non-Hispanic), and 0.49% Other races (non-Hispanic).
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Wynwood
Wynwood is a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States. It is north of Downtown Miami and Overtown, and adjacent to Edgewater. Wynwood has two major sub-districts, the Wynwood Art District in northern Wynwood, and the Wynwood Fashion District along West 5th Avenue. Wynwood is roughly divided by North 20th Street to the south, I-195 to the north, I-95 to the west and the Florida East Coast Railway to the east.
Wynwood is also referred to as "Little San Juan", and commonly known as "El Barrio" as many Puerto Ricans began immigrating to this Miami neighborhood from the island and northeastern cities in the 1950s.Puerto Rican-owned restaurants, shops, markets and other businesses align the streets of Wynwood. Recently, however, the neighborhood has seen a push towards gentrification with increased investments and developments. The Midtown Miami development built in the mid-2000s, brought renewed attention to the area, and previously abandoned warehouses have begun to be occupied by artists, restaurants, cafés, and lounges. Art and fashion are major elements of Wynwood, as Wynwood has a large fashion and textiles industry, primarily along NW 5th Avenue, in the Wynwood Fashion District.
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Wynwood Art District
The Wynwood Art District is a district of the Wynwood neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. It is home to over 70 galleries, museums and collections. It is roughly bounded by Northwest 36th Street (US 27 (north), Northwest 20th Street (south), I-95 (west) and Northeast 1st Avenue (east).
The Wynwood Art District Association was founded in early 2003 by a group of art dealers, artists and curators Mark Coetzee and Nick Cindric. Mark Coetzee initiated the idea based on a similar project, Art Night, he had started in his home town- Cape Town, South Africa. Founding Members at the first meeting were Brook Dorsch of Dorsch Gallery, Weston Charles and Cooper of Locust Projects, Nick Cindric of Rocket Projects, Bernice Steinbaum of Bernice Steinbaum Gallery and Marina Kessler of Marina Kessler Gallery. The Association publishes an annual brochure with a map and a list of the Association’s members. It is home to over forty galleries, five museums, three collections, seven art complexes, twelve art studios and five art fairs.
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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.
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Alvin Brown
Alvin Brown (born December 15, 1961) is an American politician who is currently Mayor of Jacksonville, Florida. The first African American elected to the position, he succeeded John Peyton on July 1, 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Brown was born in Beaufort, South Carolina. He moved to Jacksonville in 1981 and attended Edward Waters College and Jacksonville University, where he earned his bachelor's and Master of Business Administration degrees. During the 1990s he served as an advisor to Housing and Urban Development director Andrew Cuomo, President Bill Clinton, and Vice-President Al Gore, although to what extent is unclear according to the Jacksonville newspaper The Florida Times-Union. While living in Washington, Brown met his future wife Santhea. They have two sons, Joshua and Jordan.
Brown entered the race for Mayor of Jacksonville in 2011. Widely considered an underdog in the March primary election, Brown came in second in the six-person race to face the frontrunner, Republican Mike Hogan, in the runoff election. On May 17, Brown narrowly defeated Hogan by 1,648 votes in what was called the closest mayoral election in Jacksonville history. Brown became the first African American ever elected Mayor of Jacksonville, as well as the first Democrat elected since Ed Austin in 1991. The win was considered a major upset in light of the momentum gained by the Republican Party and the conservative Tea Party movement in the 2010 elections, and a significant victory for the Florida Democratic Party.
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Ana Cristina
Ana Cristina Álvarez (born June 2, 1985) Ana Cristina, is an Cuban American singer-songwriter Ana was born in Miami, Florida, United States and is of Cuban descent and of Spanish and French ancestry. Ana Cristina showed exceptional talent at a very young age. She debuted in a local TV show, Sábado Gigante at the age of 6 and taped shows regularly on the international hit show until the age of 14.
On January 20, 2005, Ana Cristina became the very first Hispanic person to sing The Star Spangled Banner at a Presidential Inauguration. The following year, on October 6, she performed three songs in a private show at the White House in honor of Hispanic Heritage Month.
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Arthur McDuffie
Arthur McDuffie (c. 1946 – December 21, 1979) was an African American who died as a result of injuries suffered at the hands of five white Miami-Dade police officers after a traffic stop was conducted. He had led the officers on a high-speed chase on his motorcycle, and was driving with a suspended license. The officers were acquitted of charges in McDuffie's death. One of the worst race riots in United States history broke out in the black neighborhoods of Overtown and Liberty City in Miami after the officers' acquittals. The federal government tried Veverka, one of the officers, on civil rights violations in 1980; he was acquitted. In 1981 Dade County paid McDuffie's family a settlement of $1.1 million after it filed a civil lawsuit against the officials.
In the early morning hours of December 17, 1979, police officers pursued 33-year-old McDuffie, who was riding his 1973 black-and-orange Kawasaki motorcycle. McDuffie had accumulated traffic citations and was driving with a suspended license. He was a working man, father and military veteran. He led police on an 8-minute high speed chase through residential streets at speeds of 80+ MPH.
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Bee Gees
The Bee Gees were a musical group founded in 1958. The group's line-up consisted of brothers Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb. The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a pop act in the late 1960s/early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the late 1970s.
The group sang three-part tight harmonies that were instantly recognisable; Robin's clear vibrato lead was a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the late 1970s and 1980s. The brothers wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists.
Born in the Isle of Man to English parents, the Gibb brothers lived their first few years in Chorlton, Manchester, England, then moved in the late 1950s to Redcliffe, Queensland, Australia, where they began their musical careers. After achieving their first chart success in Australia with "Spicks and Specks" (their 12th single), they returned to the United Kingdom in January 1967 where producer Robert Stigwood began promoting them to a worldwide audience.
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Bob Buckhorn
Bob Buckhorn (born July 29, 1958 in Evanston, Illinois) is the mayor of Tampa, Florida.
A 1980 graduate of Penn State University, Bob Buckhorn arrived in Tampa in 1982. After taking a marketing position with a national consumer product company, he became active in national and local politics, chairing the John Glenn for President campaign in Hillsborough County, Florida.
In 1985, he took on the position of Director of Governmental Affairs for the Builders Association of Greater Tampa, a trade association representing the construction industry in Hillsborough County, Florida. In this capacity, he led the effort to establish the Hillsborough County Housing Finance Agency, which has resulted in thousands of first time home buyers being given the opportunity to pursue the American dream of home ownership through the use of low interest financing.
In 1987, he coordinated the successful mayoral campaign of Mayor Sandy Freedman and assumed the role of Special Assistant to the Mayor upon her election. He served in this capacity until March 1995. During this time he was the recipient of the "Up and Comers" award by the Tampa Bay Business Journal and the accounting firm of Price Waterhouse. In addition, he was recognized as one of our state's emerging young leaders by his selection for the Leadership Florida program by the Florida Chamber of Commerce Foundation.
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Buddy Dyer
John Hugh "Buddy" Dyer (born August 7, 1958) is mayor of Orlando, Florida, first elected in 2003. He is a member of the United States Democratic Party. Previously he represented Orlando in the Florida State Senate for ten years, including three years when he was the Senate Democratic leader.
Dyer was born in 1958 in Orlando. He grew up in nearby Kissimmee, and graduated from Osceola High School there. He began his political career after serving as an attorney and lawyer following his graduations from Brown University and the University of Florida College of Law.
Dyer's first run for political office was in 1992 for Florida's State Senate district 14, which consisted of Orlando and Sanford, Florida. Dyer had two Democratic primary opponents, Candice "Candy" Crawford (sister of former Florida Agriculture Commissioner Bob Crawford and political pundit Craig Crawford) and Tim Adams, a local business owner. Dyer won the primary, but failed to get the 50% needed to avoid a runoff. Dyer received 44% of the vote, while Crawford received 39%. Adams received 17% and was eliminated. The runoff between Dyer and Crawford was highly concentrated in Orlando's African-American communities. Dyer received the support of many of the local churches as well as the endorsement of Tim Adams and Dotti Wynn (loser of the district's Republican primary). Crawford relied on local politicians like State Representative Alzo Reddick. Dyer won the runoff 54% to 44% for Crawford. He continued to the general election where he faced Republican Steve DeMino. Dyer won the general election with 56% of the vote to 46% for DeMino.
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Cat Power
Charlyn Marie Marshall (born January 21, 1972), also known as Chan Marshall or by her stage name Cat Power, is an American singer/songwriter and occasional actress and model. Cat Power was originally the name of Marshall's first band, but has come to refer to her musical projects with various backing bands. Over a twenty year career she has produced eight studio albums, one live album and two EPs.
A native of Atlanta, Georgia, Marshall loved soul, rock 'n' roll and country music from childhood and began to play guitar in experimental bands with friends in her early adult years. After a move to New York at age 20, Marshall recorded two lo-fi, improvised solo albums, Dear Sir (1995) and Myra Lee (1996), collaborating with Sonic Youth drummer Steve Shelley. Cat Power then signed to Matador Records to release her third, more focused album, What Would the Community Think? (1996), which united her with notable indie musicians. She followed with Moon Pix (1998) and The Covers Record (2000), receiving notice for her spare, intense originals and radically stripped down takes on folk songs and familiar songs. You Are Free (2003) was more structured indie rock and brought Cat Power wider attention. Marshall followed it up with the one-take performance film, Speaking for Trees (2004), filmed in a forest. The Greatest (2006), in which she worked with classic R&B and gospel musicians, was her most recent collection of original songs, and her best-selling. A second covers collection, Jukebox (2008), with a horn-led backing band, is her most recent album.
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Craig Lowe
Stuart Craig Lowe, better known as Craig Lowe, (born July 18, 1957) is an American politician and Mayor of Gainesville, Florida. After winning a runoff election on April 13, 2010, by a margin of 42 votes (which held through an automatic recount) Lowe became Mayor-elect of Gainesville. He was sworn in on May 20, 2010, becoming the first openly gay Mayor of the city.
He was first elected to the Gainesville City Commission to fill the newly-created District IV seat for a one-year term in April 2003 and served through his third consecutive term and second full (3-year) term until being sworn in as Mayor.
Mayor Lowe also serves as Chair of the Gainesville City Commission’s Equal Opportunity Committee, a member of the Regional Utilities, Community Development, and Countywide Visioning & Planning committees as well as the local Community Redevelopment Agency, the Gainesville/Alachua County Metropolitan Transportation Planning Organization and the Alachua County Library Governing Board.
Lowe was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. He received a B.S.A. degree in Soil Science from the University of Georgia. After moving to Gainesville in 1982 he received a master's degree in zoology from the University of Florida.
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Cubans
Cubans or Cuban people (Spanish: Cubanos) are the inhabitants or citizens of Cuba. Cuba is a multi-ethnic nation, home to people of different ethnic and national backgrounds. As a result, some Americans do not treat their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities comprising the "Cuban people." Nearly all Cubans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.
Despite its multi-ethnic composition, the culture held in common by most Cubans is referred to as mainstream Cuban culture, a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of Western European migrants, beginning with the early Spanish settlers, along with other Europeans arriving later such as the Portuguese and French with African culture which has also been very influential.
The population of Cuba (2010) was 11,241,161 people. The largest urban populations of Cubans in Cuba (2010) are to be found in Havana ( 2,135,498), Santiago de Cuba ( 425,851), Camagüey (305,845), Holguín (277,050), Guantanamo ( 207,857), and Santa Clara ( 205,812). According to Cuba's Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas ONE 2002 Census, the population was 11,177,743, including:
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Debbie Deb
Deborah Claire Wesoff - Kowalski, better known as Debbie Deb, is an American dance-pop singer, best known for 1980s freestyle dance songs such as "Lookout Weekend" and "When I Hear Music".
Deb was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in North Miami Beach, Florida. A music aficionado from a young age, she was "discovered" at the age of 16 by producer Pretty Tony at a Miami record store where she was working. While Debbie had no formal training in singing, she had been singing most of her life. Pretty Tony told her that he liked the way she spoke and asked if she could sing, and she answered yes. They recorded "When I Hear Music," which she co-wrote with Pretty Tony in his studio the very next day. Released on the Jam Packed record label in 1984, the song has since become a staple in clubs and on dance and urban radio stations and mixshows. Other hits followed, including "Lookout Weekend", "I Wanna Work It Out", "There's A Party Going On", "I Wanna Dance," and a remake of Connie's 1980s Latin freestyle classic "Funky Little Beat".
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DJ Khaled
Khaled Bin Abdul Khaled (born November 26, 1975), better known by his stage name DJ Khaled, is an American record producer, radio personality, DJ, rapper & record label executive. He is a radio host for the Miami-based urban music radio station WEDR and the DJ for the hip hop group Terror Squad. In 2006, Khaled released his debut album Listennn... the Album. He went on to release We the Best (2007), We Global (2008), Victory (2010), and We the Best Forever (2011). In 2009, Khaled became the president of record label Def Jam South.
Khaled was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is of Palestinian descent and lives in Sunny Isles, Florida. Currently, he hosts the weeknight program TakeOver on Miami-based urban music radio station WEDR with fellow host K. Foxx; Khaled states that he has worked for the station professionally since 2003. Early in his career he dj'd for a south Florida regional station Power 96.5 FM. In 1998, Khaled worked as a "sidekick" for Miami rapper Luther Campbell for Campbell's Friday night WEDR radio show The Luke Show. In his albums, Khaled usually provides "shoutouts" that assert his representation of "the ghetto" and urges people to listen. From 2004 to 2006, Khaled assisted in the production of the hip-hop albums Real Talk by Fabolous, True Story by Terror Squad, All or Nothing by Fat Joe, and Me, Myself, & I by Fat Joe. Many of DJ Khaled's songs are known to entice the listener by hip hop chanting his name before the song starts. Khaled represents the Kendall area of Miami. He is Muslim. He is currently engaged to Nicole Tuck.
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DJ Laz
Lazaro Mendez, better known by his stage name DJ Laz is a Cuban-American rapper and DJ from Miami, Florida. He hosted the weekday morning "DJ Laz Morning Show" in Miami on WPOW 96.5 FM, branded "Power 96," for 22 years until he left the company in April 2012.
He is best known for his albums DJ Laz and Category 6, which charted on U.S. Billboard album charts. He is also notable for the singles "Journey Into Bass" (1994) and "Move Shake Drop" (2008), which peaked at #56 on the Billboard Hot 100.
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Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (Spanish: [fiˈðel ˈkastro]; born August 13, 1926) is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011. Politically a Marxist-Leninist, under his administration the Republic of Cuba was converted into a one-party socialist state, with industry and business being nationalized under state ownership and socialist reforms implemented in all areas of society. On the international stage, he also served as the Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1979 to 1983 and 2006 to 2008.
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George McCrae
George McCrae (born October 19, 1944) is an American soul and disco singer, most famous for his 1974 hit "Rock Your Baby".
McCrae was born in West Palm Beach, Florida. He formed his own singing group, the Jivin' Jets, before joining the United States Navy in 1963. Four years later, he reformed the group, with his wife Gwen joining the line-up, but soon afterwards they decided to work as a duo, recording for Henry Stone's Alston record label. Gwen then won a solo contract, with George acting as her manager as well as doing some singing on sessions and in clubs.
He was about to return to college to study law enforcement, when Richard Finch and Harry Wayne Casey of KC and the Sunshine Band invited him to sing the lyrics for a song that they had recorded for the band, but could not reach the high notes that were required for the song. In fact the original intention was that Gwen, his wife, should record it, but she was late for the session and George recorded alone. It suited his high-pitched voice to the extent that the song, "Rock Your Baby", became one of the first hits of the disco era in 1974, selling an estimated eleven million copies worldwide,topping the charts in the U.S., UK, and eighty other countries.
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Gloria Estefan
Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo García de Estefan, known professionally as Gloria Estefan (born September 1, 1957) is a Cuban-born American singer, songwriter, actress and entrepreneur. Known as the "Queen Of Latin Pop", she is in the top 100 best selling music artists with over 100 million albums sold worldwide, 31.5 million of those in the United States alone. She has won three Grammy Awards, and 4 Latin Grammys, and is the most successful crossover performer in Latin music to date.
Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo was born September 1, 1957 in Havana, Cuba, to Jose and Gloria Fajardo. Her maternal grandfather, Leonardo Garcia, immigrated to Cuba from Pola de Siero, Asturias, Spain, where he married Gloria's maternal grandmother, originally from Logroño, Spain. Prior to the Cuban Revolution, her father was a Cuban soldier and a bodyguard to Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. The Fajardo family fled to Miami, Florida as a result of the Cuban Revolution and settled down there. Shortly after they moved to the United States, Gloria's father joined the US military and fought in the Vietnam War and moved to Houston, Texas, also having participated in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. Gloria attended St. Michael-Archangel School and Our Lady of Lourdes Academy in Miami. Her father became ill after returning from Vietnam and Gloria helped her mother, Gloria Fajardo, care for him. Her mother worked as a school teacher for the Dade County Public School system. Gloria Estefan graduated from college in 1979 with a B.A. in psychology, with a minor in French, from the University of Miami. When she was studying at the university, she worked as an English/Spanish/French translator at Miami International Airport Customs Department and, because of her language abilities, was once approached by the CIA as a possible employee. Estefan was raised Catholic.
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Henry Flagler
Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 – May 20, 1913) was an American tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and partner of John D. Rockefeller in Standard Oil. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida.
Henry Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York and was the son of Elizabeth Caldwell Morrison Harkness and the Rev. Isaac Flagler, a Presbyterian minister. His mother was the widow of Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio who had been a widower when they married. David Harkness and his first wife were the parents of Stephen V. Harkness whose business success enabled him to invest substantially with Henry Flagler in the Standard Oil company.
Henry Flagler received an eighth-grade education before leaving home at 14 to work in his uncle's store, Lamon G. Harkness and Company, in Bellevue, Ohio at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff of the company at a salary of $400 per month. He eventually left Bellevue and founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan in 1862 with his brother-in-law Barney York. By 1865, the end of the American Civil War led to a drop in the demand for salt and the Flagler and York Salt Company collapsed. Heavily in debt, Flagler returned to Bellevue. He had lost his initial $50,000 investment and an additional $50,000 he borrowed from his father-in-law and Dan Harkness. Flagler felt he had learned a valuable lesson: invest in a business only after thorough investigation.
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Jack Seiler
John P. "Jack" Seiler (born May 27, 1963) is an American politician and Mayor of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Prior to this he was a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives, from 2000 to 2008 representing District 92 which is located in Broward County, Florida. He served as mayor, vice mayor and city council member of Wilton Manors, Florida from 1993 to 2000.
Seiler was a candidate to succeed term-limitedJim Naugle in the 2009 mayoral election for Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He was elected February 10, 2009, winning against three opponents with more than 57 percent of the vote, avoiding a run-off election. Analysis of the race suggests Seiler won because of high name recognition and strong fundraising which exceeded $250,000. Seiler was sworn in March 17, 2009.
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Julia Tuttle
Julia DeForest Tuttle, (born Julia DeForest Sturtevant; January 22, 1849 – September 14, 1898) was an entrepreneur, citrus farmer and businesswoman who was largely responsible for, and the original owner of, the land upon which Miami, Florida, was built. For this reason, she is called the "Mother of Miami."
Julia Sturtevant married Frederick Leonard Tuttle on January 22, 1867. They had two children: a daughter, Frances Emeline (b. 1868), and a son, Henry Athelbert (b. 1870). Julia Tuttle first visited the Biscayne Bay region of southern Florida in 1875 with her husband, visiting a 40 acre (0.16 Km2) orange grove her father had purchased. She loved the experience, but returned to Cleveland, Ohio with her family.
Tuttle came to Fort Dallas from Cleveland, Ohio, via steamship with her father, Ephean T. Sturtevant, in 1871. A little over ten years later in 1886, her husband died, leaving her the iron foundry he owned, which she continued to operate. In 1891, when her father died and left her his land in Florida, she sold the iron foundry business in Ohio and relocated to Biscayne Bay.
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Keith Whitley
Jackie Keith Whitley (July 1, 1954 — May 9, 1989), known professionally as Keith Whitley, was an American country music singer. Whitley's brief career in mainstream country music lasted from 1984 until his death in 1989, but he continues to influence an entire generation of singers and songwriters. He charted 19 singles on the Billboard country charts, including five consecutive Number Ones: "Don't Close Your Eyes", "When You Say Nothing at All", "I'm No Stranger to the Rain", "I Wonder Do You Think of Me" and "It Ain't Nothin'" (the last two posthumously).
Whitley was born to Faye (editor of The Elliott County News) and Elmer Whitley (an electrician) in Ashland, Kentucky, but grew up 46 miles away in Sandy Hook, and attended Sandy Hook High School. He had two brothers, Randy and Dwight, and a sister, Mary. The Whitley family has lived in the Elliot County area since the 1840s.
As a teenager in Sandy Hook, Whitley and his friends would pass the time drinking bootleg bourbon and racing their cars down mountain roads at dangerous speeds. Whitley was once in a car whose driver attempted to round a curve at 120 mph. The car wrecked, killing his friend and almost breaking Whitley's neck. In another incident, he drove his car off a 120 foot cliff into a frozen river, escaping with only a broken collar bone.
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Lori Cohen Moseley
Lori Cohen Moseley is the current mayor of the city of Miramar, located in southwest Broward County, Florida. She is also a member of the Democratic party. The next election for Miramar mayor will take place March 2011.
Experience: Mayor City of Miramar 1999–PRESENT Commissioner City of Miramar 1995–1999 Public Service US Conference of Mayors Nations League of Cities Florida League of Mayors Broward League of Cities-Past President Charter Review Committee-Charperson Metropolitan Planning Organization School Board Oversight Committee Broward County Housing Council Miramar Census Committee-Chairperson Mayor's Police Athletic League Ball-Chairperson Miramar/Pembroke Pines Chamber of Commerce Formed the City of Miramar Youth Advisory Council Chamber of Commerce Lifetime Achievement and Community Leader Pinnance Award American Business Women's Local Government Leader of the Year Award Friends of ASPIRA Award Miramar High School Football Boosters Appreciation Award Women's Political Caucus Gwen Cherry Chapter Women of Distinction Award Silver Lakes Homeowners Association Silver Lining Award
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Mayaimi
The Mayaimi (also Maymi and Maimi) were a Native American people who lived around Lake Okeechobee (the Belle Glade culture area) in Florida from the beginning of the Common Era until the 17th or 18th century. The group took their name from the lake, which was then called Mayaimi, which meant "big water" in the language of the Mayaimi, Calusa, and Tequesta tribes. The origin of the language has not been determined, as the meanings of only ten words were recorded before extinction. The current name of Okeechobee for the lake is derived from the Hitchiti word meaning "big water". The Mayaimis have no linguistic or cultural relationship with the Miamis of Great Lakes region.Miami, Florida is named for the Miami River (Florida), which derived its name from Lake Mayaimi.
The Mayaimis built ceremonial and village earthwork mounds around Lake Okeechobee similar to those of the Mississippian culture and earlier mound builders. Fort Center is in the area occupied by the Mayaimis in historic times. They dug many canals as other earthworks, to use as pathways for their canoes. The dugout canoes were a platform-type with shovel-shaped ends, resembling those used in Central America and the West Indies, rather than the pointed-end canoes used by other peoples in the southeastern United States.
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Metromover
The Miami Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami, Florida, United States. Metromover serves Downtown Miami, Brickell, Park West and Omni neighborhoods. Metromover connects directly with Metrorail at Government Center and Brickell stations. It originally began service to the Downtown/Inner Loop on April 17, 1986, and was later expanded with the Omni and Brickell Loop extensions on May 26, 1994.
The Metromover serves primarily as a fast and easy way to travel within the greater Downtown Miami neighborhoods. The system is composed of three loops and 21 stations. The stations are located approximately two blocks away from each other, and connect near all major buildings and places in Downtown. Today, the Metromover serves as a vital part of Downtown life, and with the rapid population growth in Downtown, has grown quickly in usage and popularity. It has nearly doubled in ridership in the last decade, growing from 14,952 passengers per day in 1999 to 31,100 by October 2011. Out of only three downtown people movers in the United States, the other two being the Jacksonville Skyway and the Detroit People Mover, the Metromover is by far the most successful, the only completed system of the three, and considered to be a catalyst for downtown development.
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MIA Mover
The MIA Mover is an automated people mover (APM) system which opened at the Miami International Airport in metropolitan Miami, Florida, United States on September 09th, 2011. The MIA Mover is designed to quickly transport passengers between Miami International Airport's Main Terminal and the Miami Central Station and Rental Car Center, as part of the Miami Intermodal Center.
By 2007, construction of a people mover instead of an extension of the existing Metrorail system to the airport became the preferred option for local authorities in providing greater connectivity to the airport terminals (Metrorail will connect at Miami Central Station). On March 2, 2009, ground was officially broken for the project. Projected to transport 48,000 daily visitors by 2020, the MIA Mover construction is utilizing design-build methods and will be paid for from a combination of revenue from the Miami-Dade Aviation Department’s Capital Improvement Program and FDOT.
Costing an estimated $259 million to complete, the 1.27 miles (2.04 km) link travels east from the MIA Station, to Central Boulevard and finally to NW 21st Street, where it curves north into the MIC Station. The concrete guideways will be generally elevated an average of 40 feet (12 m) above grade and will be supported by concrete piers every 120 feet (37 m). The vehicles used are the new Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Movers.
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People mover
A people mover or automated people mover (APM) is a fully automated, grade-separated mass transit system.
The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems.
The term was originally applied to three different systems, developed roughly at the same time. One was Skybus, an automated mass transit system prototyped by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation beginning in 1964. The second, alternately called the People Mover and Minirail, opened in Montreal at Expo 67. Finally the last, called PeopleMover or Goodyear PeopleMover, was an attraction sponsored by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company which opened at Disneyland in 1967. Now, however, the term "people mover" is generic, and may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guideway transit or maglev. Propulsion may involve conventional on-board electric motors, linear motors or cable traction.
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Sage Francis
Paul "Sage" Francis (born November 18, 1976) is a hip hop artist from Providence, Rhode Island. He is a founder of Strange Famous Records.
Born Paul Francis in Miami, Florida, Sage Francis is a rapper, writer and performer from Providence, Rhode Island. He is a founder and CEO of the independent hip hop record label Strange Famous Records. The label first began as a way for him to release his previously unreleased songs in the late 1990s. It has since evolved into an official enterprise with an expanding roster of like-minded artists. He released several Sick Of mixtapes available only on his tours and website.
Sage Francis won the Scribble Jam emcee battle in 2000. In 2001, the song "Makeshift Patriot," recorded on October 11, 2001, became an Internet hit for its critique of American media during, and immediately following, the September 11 attacks. He released the critically acclaimed first solo album Personal Journals in 2002. He signed to Epitaph Records, making himself the first hip hop artist to sign with the punk rock label. He subsequently released three albums with Epitaph Records; A Healthy Distrust, Human the Death Dance and Li(f)e.
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Stevie B
Stevie B (Steven Bernard Hill) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer who was influential in the Latin freestyle and High-Energy, mostly from Miami dance music scene of the late 1980s. Also known as the King of Freestyle, Stevie B is perhaps best known for his 1990 number-one hit "Because I Love You (The Postman Song)."
Born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Stevie B worked a variety of jobs—from car washing to fast food—before gaining recognition for his 1987 national club smash "Party Your Body". It was also the title track of his 1988 debut LP, which eventually went gold. In 1989, he had his first top 40 hits with "I Wanna Be the One," "In My Eyes," and "Love Me For Life." With his 1990 album, Love & Emotion, he reached the height of his success, with the accompanying single "Because I Love You" enjoying four weeks at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in December 1990. He had two subsequent top 15 hits with "I'll Be by Your Side" and the title track from the album. In 1998, The Best of Stevie B was released, highlighting the light dance-pop sound that marked the start of his career. He has found new fame in Brazil, where he not only appears regularly on radio shows but continues to sell out concerts to tens of thousands of fans, many hailing from the favellas of both Rio and Sao Paolo, due to the popularity of his style of music with urban youth.
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Teri DeSario
Teri DeSario (born November 27, 1951) is a singer/songwriter from Miami, Florida. DeSario worked within several music genres out of high school. She was vocalist, played recorder and harp from 1970 - 1977 with a Medieval and Renaissance music group, the Early Music Consort, headed by scholar and Pro Musica member Arnold Grayson. She began her popular career as a singer/songwriter in the folk genre and later expanded her love of folk music with her passion for jazz. After marrying horn player, arranger, and composer Bill Purse, they founded a pop-folk-jazz collaborative called Abacus. One night a long-haired man walked into the club where she was performing, claiming to be the producer of the Bee Gees; it turned out he actually was. Barry Gibb heard her demo of original music and was so inspired by DeSario's vocals that he wrote a song for her called "Ain't Nothing Gonna Keep Me From You" and helped her obtain a recording contract.
"Ain't Nothing Gonna Keep Me From You" from 1978 was Teri DeSario's first hit single, written by the Bee Gees' lead vocalist/songwriter Barry Gibb, from her first album Pleasure Train, also released in 1978.
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Trick Daddy
Maurice Young (born September 27, 1973), better known by his stage name Trick Daddy, is an American rapper and producer.
Trick appeared on the track "Scarred" by former 2 Live Crew member, he worked with Luther "Luke" Campbell, Produced by Darren "DJ Spin" Rudnick, from Luke's 1996 album Uncle Luke. The song became a hit and immediately caught the attention of fans and record producers alike. Ted Lucas, a former concert promoter and then-CEO of Slip-n-Slide Records, signed the rapper to the newly formed record label. Slip-n-Slide released Trick Daddy Dollars's debut album Based on a True Story in 1997; the album was popular in the Miami area.
In 1998, when his next album www.thug.com was released, Trick removed "Dollars" from his stage name. Club-oriented track "Nann Nigga", featuring Trina, became a national hit, peaking at the third spot of the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart.Atlantic Records signed Trick Daddy to the label in 2000 and released Book of Thugs: Chapter AK Verse 47 that year. "Shut Up", which Jason Birchmeier of allmusic considered "a rowdy club hit similar to 'Nann Nigga'", followed "Nann" as the next single; featured guests on "Shut Up" were Deuce Poppito, Trina, and Co.
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Trina
Katrina Laverne Taylor (born December 3, 1978), better known by her stage name Trina, is an American rapper, songwriter and model from Miami, Florida. Trina first gained notoriety in 1998 with her appearance on Trick Daddy's second studio album www.thug.com to the single "Nann Nigga". Since then she has released five moderately successful studio albums and has been named The Most Consistent Female Rapper of All-Time by XXL Magazine.
Trina is of Dominican descent on her father's side; her mother is Afro-Bahamian. Trina's parents were separated while she was growing up. She lived in the Liberty City projects and in Pembroke Isle, Florida. She attended Miami Northwestern High School.
Miami rapper Trick Daddy approached Trina in 1998 to be featured on his song "Nann Nigga". The song was later released as the lead single from his second studio album, www.thug.com, which was released in September 1998. The single later became a hit as it reached number sixty-two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number three on the Rap Songs chart. Thanks to the success of the single, Trina gained popularity and signed a record deal with Slip-n-Slide Records with distribution from Atlantic Records. Trina subsequently began work on her debut album.
wn.com/Trina -
Uffie
Anna-Catherine Hartley (born December 9, 1987), better known by her stage name Uffie (/ˈʌfiː/), is a Paris-based undergroundelectronic musician, rapper, fashion designer and socialite signed to French electronic music record label Ed Banger Records. She has been described as a muse for French DJs, and is known for working with her labelmates and friends, Feadz, Mr. Oizo and SebastiAn, as well as producer Mirwais. She was briefly married to French graffiti artist André Saraiva during 2008–09.
She is perhaps best known for her single "Pop the Glock", as well as "Tthhee Ppaarrttyy", her 2007 collaboration with labelmates Justice. Her recent live performances have been described as Warholian.
In 2010, Uffie released her debut album Sex Dreams and Denim Jeans, which was included on Drowned in Sound's 50 best albums of the year and was nominated in the French Victoires de la Musique for Best Electronic Album. Also in 2010, Uffie celebrated the release of her 12-piece capsule collection with clothing brand, Diesel.
wn.com/Uffie
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Sirpaleet
- Järjen vastaista
- Sade ei lakkaa
- Huudan tuuleen
- Ikkunassa
- Muistikuvia
- Saippuaooppera
- Sekunnin miljoonasosa
- Kaikki päättyy
- Taivaasta takaisin
- Hey Ya'll We're Miami
- Funk It Up
- Nobody but You Babe
- Freak on Down My Way
- Party Freaks, Part Two
- Party Freaks
- I Can See Through You
- Same Ol' Beat
- Chicken Yellow (Let Me Do It to You)
- Intro
- The Weather Sucks in Miami
- Angel on Fire
- As Time Goes By
- Taste Me
- Artificial Respiration
- Diamonds Forever
- Girl in the Sky
- Fifty Freaky Women
- People of the Universe
- Sunrise
- Stranger
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Next Stop - Next Stop: Miami, Florida | Next Stop Travel TV Series Episode #021
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:24
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Jungle Island, Miami Dolphins Game, Little Havana Food Tour, Art Basel Miami Beach, Eden Roc Renaissance, Elastic Bond Check Out More Shows at www.nextstop.tv
http://wn.com/Next_Stop_Next_Stop_Miami,_Florida_|_Next_Stop_Travel_TV_Series_Episode_021
Jungle Island, Miami Dolphins Game, Little Havana Food Tour, Art Basel Miami Beach, Eden Roc Renaissance, Elastic Bond Check Out More Shows at www.nextstop.tv
Travel Guide - Miami, Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
WatchMojo.com presents... A handy travel guide for anyone planning on visiting the steamy city of Miami, Florida. Subscribe to our new dedicated WatchMojo Travel channel, www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Travel_Guide_Miami,_Florida
WatchMojo.com presents... A handy travel guide for anyone planning on visiting the steamy city of Miami, Florida. Subscribe to our new dedicated WatchMojo Travel channel, www.youtube.com
- published: 09 Feb 2008
- views: 150289
- author: WatchMojo
Miami & South Beach Night Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:20
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
This video takes you around the streets of Downtown Miami and in the South Beach district of Miami Beach. Along the way, you'll see the Rickenbacker Causeway, Brickell Financial District, American Airlines Arena, Art Deco District, and the MacArthur Causeway. Music: Believer (Summer of Pride Mix) by Freemasons (ft. Wynter Gordon)
http://wn.com/Miami_South_Beach_Night_Tour
This video takes you around the streets of Downtown Miami and in the South Beach district of Miami Beach. Along the way, you'll see the Rickenbacker Causeway, Brickell Financial District, American Airlines Arena, Art Deco District, and the MacArthur Causeway. Music: Believer (Summer of Pride Mix) by Freemasons (ft. Wynter Gordon)
- published: 29 May 2011
- views: 245993
- author: CosmoPhotography
MIAMI Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:04
- Updated: 18 May 2012
Miami is a tropical, gleaming metropolis with palm trees, beaches, Art Deco, luxury and crime. Along with Miami Beach, it is at the centre of the expanding southern region of the American State of Florida and has both a highly developed economy, as well as a flourishing tourist industry. Miami Beach is a narrow island just off the mainland and Miami and is a leisure world of the young and beautiful and of the rich and famous. In 1915, millionaire Carl Fisher had a road constructed through the island's dense and snake-invested mangrove forest, today's Lincoln Road. The aftermath of a powerful hurricane once meant a new beginning, hundreds of hotels and apartment houses were built in Art Deco Style and today, they blend well with the local lifestyle. Since the 1950s, Virginia Key has been the home of the Miami Seaquarium, a marvelous world of marine life. It soon became world famous due to the incredible performances of its marine life and part of the TV Series 'Flipper' was filmed there. The Miami region is a melting pot of immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean, a lively metropolis on the edge of the Everglades and the Florida Keys. A unique American cocktail of glamour, flamboyance and harsh reality!
http://wn.com/MIAMI_Florida
Miami is a tropical, gleaming metropolis with palm trees, beaches, Art Deco, luxury and crime. Along with Miami Beach, it is at the centre of the expanding southern region of the American State of Florida and has both a highly developed economy, as well as a flourishing tourist industry. Miami Beach is a narrow island just off the mainland and Miami and is a leisure world of the young and beautiful and of the rich and famous. In 1915, millionaire Carl Fisher had a road constructed through the island's dense and snake-invested mangrove forest, today's Lincoln Road. The aftermath of a powerful hurricane once meant a new beginning, hundreds of hotels and apartment houses were built in Art Deco Style and today, they blend well with the local lifestyle. Since the 1950s, Virginia Key has been the home of the Miami Seaquarium, a marvelous world of marine life. It soon became world famous due to the incredible performances of its marine life and part of the TV Series 'Flipper' was filmed there. The Miami region is a melting pot of immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean, a lively metropolis on the edge of the Everglades and the Florida Keys. A unique American cocktail of glamour, flamboyance and harsh reality!
- published: 09 Jan 2010
- views: 2849
- author: TravelVideoStore
El Palacio de los Jugos (Miami, FL) : VendrTV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Not all street food's on wheels - in fact, for centuries cultures have eaten their version of street food in open air outdoor markets and bazaars. In Miami, part of that tradition lives on at El Palacio de los Jugos - The Juice Palace. The name first came from their original business - creating delicious fresh juices from classic Cuban fruits and veggies. However, today the Palace in Palacio certainly shines strong! The place is a mecca of classic Cuban culture and cuisine. From Cafe Cubana (Cuban Coffee) to Chicharon (friend pork rinds), El Palacio offers some of the most amazing Cuban cuisine I've had here in The States.
http://wn.com/El_Palacio_de_los_Jugos_Miami,_FL_VendrTV
Not all street food's on wheels - in fact, for centuries cultures have eaten their version of street food in open air outdoor markets and bazaars. In Miami, part of that tradition lives on at El Palacio de los Jugos - The Juice Palace. The name first came from their original business - creating delicious fresh juices from classic Cuban fruits and veggies. However, today the Palace in Palacio certainly shines strong! The place is a mecca of classic Cuban culture and cuisine. From Cafe Cubana (Cuban Coffee) to Chicharon (friend pork rinds), El Palacio offers some of the most amazing Cuban cuisine I've had here in The States.
- published: 16 Jun 2010
- views: 12279
- author: HungryNation
Bat Infestation Under Tile Roof- Roofing Miami, FL- Istueta Roofing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Click here to learn more, www.istuetaroofing.com This video is amazing! Our crew is in for a surprise when they begin the tear off process of our clients' old roof and hundreds of bats come flying out from underneath the tiles!
http://wn.com/Bat_Infestation_Under_Tile_Roof_Roofing_Miami,_FL_Istueta_Roofing
Click here to learn more, www.istuetaroofing.com This video is amazing! Our crew is in for a surprise when they begin the tear off process of our clients' old roof and hundreds of bats come flying out from underneath the tiles!
- published: 05 Jul 2011
- views: 1798010
- author: Frank Istueta
Clinton Portis Miami Hurricanes - Put On
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Highlights of Clinton Portis at The U. Song is Put On by Young Jeezy and I do not own the song and give credit to him. Please Subscribe & Go Canes!
http://wn.com/Clinton_Portis_Miami_Hurricanes_Put_On
Highlights of Clinton Portis at The U. Song is Put On by Young Jeezy and I do not own the song and give credit to him. Please Subscribe & Go Canes!
- published: 15 Mar 2011
- views: 45150
- author: canefreak2001
Visit Miami, Florida with Gabby
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Gabby Arias, US Embassy Bangkok's Public Affairs intern, talks about her hometown, Miami, Florida. music credits: Jewelbeat.com
http://wn.com/Visit_Miami,_Florida_with_Gabby
Gabby Arias, US Embassy Bangkok's Public Affairs intern, talks about her hometown, Miami, Florida. music credits: Jewelbeat.com
- published: 30 Jul 2012
- views: 916
- author: USEmbassyBangkok
steven wright, 06/01/07, miami, fl
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:01
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
small compilation of clips i took with my camera. a little blurry at times, but the sound is quite good.
http://wn.com/steven_wright,_06_01_07,_miami,_fl
small compilation of clips i took with my camera. a little blurry at times, but the sound is quite good.
- published: 18 Sep 2007
- views: 207572
- author: diddiyo
Watch the WrestleMania 28 Press Conference from Miami Florida Replay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Watch the WrestleMania 28 conference live from Miami Florida Replay
http://wn.com/Watch_the_WrestleMania_28_Press_Conference_from_Miami_Florida_Replay
Watch the WrestleMania 28 conference live from Miami Florida Replay
- published: 29 Mar 2012
- views: 66766
- author: WWEFanNation
RISK x SMASH 137 in Miami, Florida WILLIE T
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/RISK_x_SMASH_137_in_Miami,_Florida_WILLIE_T
ZOMBIE ATTACK CAUGHT ON TAPE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
To a few, yes, we know it's fake,... we made it :P if you liked this video don't forget to subscribe, I promise you won't regret it (I pinky promise, so this shits serious). Read the article: www.huffingtonpost.com Let's be friends! •Mollie's Twitter- twitter.com •Homam's Twitter- twitter.com •DB Twitter- twitter.com •Facebook- facebook.com •Second Channel- youtube.com ______ "Man Eating Another Man's Face In Miami" Man Eats other Man's face in Miami" Miami police shot and killed a man on the MacArthur Causeway Saturday afternoon, the naked man they shot was trying to chew the face off another naked man, and refused to obey police orders to stop his grisly meal, which one of the witnesses claims included his victim's nose and eyeballs. The bizarre shooting happened shortly after 2 pm, when police responded to a 911 call about two naked men fighting on a bike path along the Causeway, which was packed with traffic on a busy holiday weekend. Update: The Miami Herald reported that the attacker was 31-year-old Rudy Eugene. Released: May 30, 2012 © 2012 DecimalBrothers
http://wn.com/ZOMBIE_ATTACK_CAUGHT_ON_TAPE
To a few, yes, we know it's fake,... we made it :P if you liked this video don't forget to subscribe, I promise you won't regret it (I pinky promise, so this shits serious). Read the article: www.huffingtonpost.com Let's be friends! •Mollie's Twitter- twitter.com •Homam's Twitter- twitter.com •DB Twitter- twitter.com •Facebook- facebook.com •Second Channel- youtube.com ______ "Man Eating Another Man's Face In Miami" Man Eats other Man's face in Miami" Miami police shot and killed a man on the MacArthur Causeway Saturday afternoon, the naked man they shot was trying to chew the face off another naked man, and refused to obey police orders to stop his grisly meal, which one of the witnesses claims included his victim's nose and eyeballs. The bizarre shooting happened shortly after 2 pm, when police responded to a 911 call about two naked men fighting on a bike path along the Causeway, which was packed with traffic on a busy holiday weekend. Update: The Miami Herald reported that the attacker was 31-year-old Rudy Eugene. Released: May 30, 2012 © 2012 DecimalBrothers
- published: 30 May 2012
- views: 941830
- author: DecimalBrothers
First UM Church of Miami Downtown FL - Worship - Response: The Lord's Prayer 11/4/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Church in Miami Fl, Church in Downtown Miami, Florida Our amazing new Tenor: Gerard Ortega. What song could possibly be a better response to a sermon on prayer? First United Methodist Church of Miami Downtown 400 Biscayne Blvd. Miami, FL 33132 (305) 371-4706 info@fumcmiami.com Website - www.fumcmiami.com Facebook - http Twitter - twitter.com Google+ - plus.google.com Our Google+ Places Page plus.google.com Google map showing the our church and parking g.co A Christian Church in the heart of Downtown Miami Florida - right across from Bayside Marketplace, one block south of Freedom Tower, two blocks south of American Airlines Arena right on Biscayne Blvd. We are committed to ministry and service, especially to the most vulnerable: The homeless, the poor, the broken in spirit. We feed the homeless 3 times a week, and on Sundays we welcome them into our Fellowship Hall for our Breakfast Club, where we feed and minister to their needs. We have a hot meals program for seniors every weekday. Read more about it here: www.fumcmiami.com Church in Miami Fl, Church in Downtown Miami, Florida
http://wn.com/First_UM_Church_of_Miami_Downtown_FL_Worship_Response_The_Lord's_Prayer_11_4_2012
Church in Miami Fl, Church in Downtown Miami, Florida Our amazing new Tenor: Gerard Ortega. What song could possibly be a better response to a sermon on prayer? First United Methodist Church of Miami Downtown 400 Biscayne Blvd. Miami, FL 33132 (305) 371-4706 info@fumcmiami.com Website - www.fumcmiami.com Facebook - http Twitter - twitter.com Google+ - plus.google.com Our Google+ Places Page plus.google.com Google map showing the our church and parking g.co A Christian Church in the heart of Downtown Miami Florida - right across from Bayside Marketplace, one block south of Freedom Tower, two blocks south of American Airlines Arena right on Biscayne Blvd. We are committed to ministry and service, especially to the most vulnerable: The homeless, the poor, the broken in spirit. We feed the homeless 3 times a week, and on Sundays we welcome them into our Fellowship Hall for our Breakfast Club, where we feed and minister to their needs. We have a hot meals program for seniors every weekday. Read more about it here: www.fumcmiami.com Church in Miami Fl, Church in Downtown Miami, Florida
- published: 10 Nov 2012
- views: 5127
- author: FUMCmiami
Personal Injury Attorney | Personal Injury Lawyer | Miami, FL - 786-426-2915
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Personal Injury Attorney in Miami FL, Personal Injury Lawyer in Miami FL Slip and fall, injured on the job, we do it all Larry Faye, Esquire - 786-426-2915 You don't pay a DIME unless your case is settled. Trustworthy, Confident and caring. Put Larry Faye Attorney on your side today! The insurance companies have lawyers, DO NOT got against them on your own! Personal Injury, Car Accidents, Slip and fall, Injured on the job - Larry Faye Attorney at Law is your best choice.
http://wn.com/Personal_Injury_Attorney_|_Personal_Injury_Lawyer_|_Miami,_FL_786-426-2915
Personal Injury Attorney in Miami FL, Personal Injury Lawyer in Miami FL Slip and fall, injured on the job, we do it all Larry Faye, Esquire - 786-426-2915 You don't pay a DIME unless your case is settled. Trustworthy, Confident and caring. Put Larry Faye Attorney on your side today! The insurance companies have lawyers, DO NOT got against them on your own! Personal Injury, Car Accidents, Slip and fall, Injured on the job - Larry Faye Attorney at Law is your best choice.
- published: 16 Dec 2012
- views: 3065
- author: Larry Faye
Miami, Florida (Full Episode) | Travel Video Guide
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:26
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Miami, Florida | Travel Video Guide
http://wn.com/Miami,_Florida_Full_Episode_|_Travel_Video_Guide
Miami, Florida EP#020 (Full Episode) | Travel Video Guide
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:24
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Miami, Florida EP#020 | Travel Video Guide
http://wn.com/Miami,_Florida_EP_020_Full_Episode_|_Travel_Video_Guide
Bat Infestation Under Tile Roof (Long Version)- Roofing Miami, FL- Istueta Roofing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:24
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Click here to learn more, www.istuetaroofing.com This video is amazing! Our crew begins the tear off on a new roofing project and hundreds of bats are hidden underneath the tiles!
http://wn.com/Bat_Infestation_Under_Tile_Roof_Long_Version_Roofing_Miami,_FL_Istueta_Roofing
Click here to learn more, www.istuetaroofing.com This video is amazing! Our crew begins the tear off on a new roofing project and hundreds of bats are hidden underneath the tiles!
- published: 10 Jun 2011
- views: 89924
- author: Frank Istueta
Collins Avenue, Miami Beach Fl USA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Views of Collins Avenue driving north. Produccion : worldtv.com www.perezmontejo.com Musica Homeless Club Kids - My Favorite
http://wn.com/Collins_Avenue,_Miami_Beach_Fl_USA
Views of Collins Avenue driving north. Produccion : worldtv.com www.perezmontejo.com Musica Homeless Club Kids - My Favorite
- published: 05 Jul 2008
- views: 270885
- author: perezmontejo
Vybz Kartel Performance via Satellite at the Best of the best Concert 2011 in Miami Florida.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:18
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Vybz_Kartel_Performance_via_Satellite_at_the_Best_of_the_best_Concert_2011_in_Miami_Florida
2004 Orange Bowl - Miami Hurricanes vs Florida State Seminoles Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:53
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Highlights of the Orange Bowl which took place on Jan. 1, 2004 between the Miami Hurricanes and the Florida State Seminoles. The Canes won the game 16-14. Note: These are only Miami Highlights. Please rate, comment, ans subscribe!
http://wn.com/2004_Orange_Bowl_Miami_Hurricanes_vs_Florida_State_Seminoles_Highlights
Highlights of the Orange Bowl which took place on Jan. 1, 2004 between the Miami Hurricanes and the Florida State Seminoles. The Canes won the game 16-14. Note: These are only Miami Highlights. Please rate, comment, ans subscribe!
- published: 05 Jul 2010
- views: 30801
- author: canefreak2001
Driving in South Beach Miami Beach Florida Part 1 Looking at the Real Estate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:43
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Drive South Beach Tour Miami Beach Florida, Collins Ave and chechking out Real Estate Part 2 www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_in_South_Beach_Miami_Beach_Florida_Part_1_Looking_at_the_Real_Estate
Drive South Beach Tour Miami Beach Florida, Collins Ave and chechking out Real Estate Part 2 www.youtube.com
- published: 03 Jan 2012
- views: 25942
- author: HDBroadcasterDOTcom
NCAA Football 13 - Miami Hurricanes vs Florida State Seminoles Gameplay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
NCAA Football 13 gameplay featuring the Miami Hurricanes and the Florida State Seminoles. This gameplay is on Heisman difficulty on NCAA 13. I'm enjoying this game so far and would say that the strongest point of the game is Dynasty Mode. If you want to check out more NCAA 13 content go to my channel! www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/NCAA_Football_13_Miami_Hurricanes_vs_Florida_State_Seminoles_Gameplay
NCAA Football 13 gameplay featuring the Miami Hurricanes and the Florida State Seminoles. This gameplay is on Heisman difficulty on NCAA 13. I'm enjoying this game so far and would say that the strongest point of the game is Dynasty Mode. If you want to check out more NCAA 13 content go to my channel! www.youtube.com
- published: 14 Jul 2012
- views: 7661
- author: MrHurriicane
2001 Miami Hurricanes vs Florida State Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:25
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Game 5 - Final Score: Miami 49 Florida State 27. This is a telecast, broadcast, and production of ESPN and ABC. We do not claim ownership of any kind therefore we do not profit from it in any way.
http://wn.com/2001_Miami_Hurricanes_vs_Florida_State_Highlights
Game 5 - Final Score: Miami 49 Florida State 27. This is a telecast, broadcast, and production of ESPN and ABC. We do not claim ownership of any kind therefore we do not profit from it in any way.
- published: 29 Aug 2010
- views: 48668
- author: canefreak2001
photo: AP / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
08 Jan 2013
MOSCOW, January 8 (RIA Novosti) – At least 17 billion Earth-size planets may inhabit the Milky Way galaxy, SPACE.com reported citing a new study by US astronomers ... That translates to a minimum of 17 billion planets as there are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way ... Over a hundred of candidates have been confirmed as planets so far, NASA said....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / New South Wales Rural Fire Service
08 Jan 2013
SYDNEY - Firefighters battled scores of wildfires raging across southeast Australia on Tuesday with officials evacuating national parks and warning that blistering temperatures and high winds had led to "catastrophic" fire conditions in some areas. Enlarge. A charred vehicle sits near the remains of a destroyed home following a wildfire near Dunalley, east of the Tasmanian capital of Hobart, Australia, Saturday, Jan. 5, 2013 ... Editorial ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
photo: UN / Evan Schneider
06 Jan 2013
LONDON -- They have barely 3,000 inhabitants and far more sheep than people. They are more than 8,700 miles from London. For much of the year, they are bitterly cold and wind-swept, with only open sea and ice between them and Antarctica ... But the Falkland Islands, the focus of a short war between Britain and Argentina in 1982, have been in the headlines again recently ... Their arguments suggest what has long been evident ... Ms ... Mr ... Cameron said....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. Christopher Bonebrake
07 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Congress granted President Lyndon B. Johnson absolute powers to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression," Congress could have also included "all necessary vanities." The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which greatly escalated a foreign imperial war in Vietnam, added fuel to the bonfires of vanity....(size: 5.2Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
06 Jan 2013
ISLAMABAD - The Pakistani military is accusing forces from neighboring India of crossing the boundary between the two sides' forces in Kashmir and attacking a Pakistani border post, killing a soldier ... They said troops are still exchanging gunfire in the area ... Most Read Most Emailed Most Recent Migration to Florida regaining momentumThree arrested in robberyArrest made in fatal November stabbingA long road back to danceLyons ... Parker ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
State of Florida). The 125th Anniversary Season of Major League Baseball Spring Training in Florida. Today, Governor Rick Scott unveiled the 263-baseball game schedule highlighting the 125th Anniversary of Major League Baseball's Spring Training in Florida. Governor Scott said, "Major League Baseball's Spring Training in Florida is one of our nation's gems....(size: 2.8Kb)
Orlando Sentinel
09 Jan 2013
(Reuters) - A 79-year-old Florida woman pleaded guilty on Tuesday to criminal charges of tax evasion through accounts at Swiss bank UBS AG, one of the largest such prosecutions in years ......(size: 1.3Kb)
Star Tribune
09 Jan 2013
As state and national lawmakers consider gun-control laws in the wake of last month's Connecticut school shooting, Florida finds itself in a gun-violence depression ... executive director of the Florida Coalition to Stop Gun Violence....(size: 1.2Kb)
Tampabay.com
09 Jan 2013
The Inquisitr
09 Jan 2013
A Florida Atlantic University professor questions whether the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown was a hoax ... The Florida professor who believes that the Sandy Hook school shootings might not really have happened, has also given radio interviews on the subject ... Tracy, 47, is a former union leader and a tenured associate professor of media history at the Florida Atlantic University....(size: 7.0Kb)
Palm Beach Post
09 Jan 2013
Count Florida State coach Jimbo Fisher among the big winners as the college football season ended ... FSU was one spot behind Florida (11-2) in the AP poll and two spots better than the Gators according to the coaches. Florida lost 33-23 to Louisville in the Sugar Bowl on Jan ... Multiple media outlets reported that Florida State linebackers coach Greg ......(size: 2.8Kb)
Chicago Tribune
09 Jan 2013
The Miami Herald
09 Jan 2013
Florida would have to make some roster moves, however, as the team will be at the maximum for contracts once defenseman Dmitry Kulikov is signed. Of the three invited to camp, Kovalev is the only player to have worked with the Panthers in South Florida so far, having joined them for one of their final informal workouts in Lighthouse Point on Tuesday morning....(size: 4.6Kb)
Seattle Post
09 Jan 2013
Fans have been snapping up Wicked tickets for the engagement at the Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre in Orlando, Florida. BargainSeatsOnline.com reports that sales have hit a fever pace in the new year. Brookfield, WI (PRWEB) January 08, 2013. The Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre in Orlando, Florida, is in the heart of a pulsating city ... The show is notorious for changing everyday Broadway stars into huge stars....(size: 2.6Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
09 Jan 2013
Fans have been snapping up Wicked tickets for the engagement at the Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre in Orlando, Florida. BargainSeatsOnline.com reports that sales have hit a fever pace in the new year. Brookfield, WI (PRWEB) January 08, 2013. The Bob Carr Performing Arts Centre in Orlando, Florida, is in the heart of a pulsating city ... The show is notorious for changing everyday Broadway stars into huge stars....(size: 2.6Kb)
Toronto Sun
09 Jan 2013
Article Tweet ... Now it turns out Kovalev, who turns 40 next month, will attend training camp with the Florida Panthers, according to columnist George Richards of the Miami Herald ... As somebody tweeted Tuesday, Florida would be a good fit for Kovalev, a place where both the player and the fans show up for about only one of every 10 games. Cheap shot?. Probably ... So Kovalev shows up in South Florida and Ilya Kovalchuk stays in Russia ... ....(size: 7.0Kb)
The Washington Post
09 Jan 2013
Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections?. Recommend. Personal Post ... And yet with the Terps (13-1, 1-0) on a 13-game winning streak entering Wednesday’s ACC matchup against Florida State, Wells has gone from a prized August pickup into a perpetual energy injection, capable of jolting his teammates during lackadaisical practices and carrying them through stormy in-game stretches ... “It’s a habit ... practice ... Florida State. When....(size: 6.2Kb)
Orlando Sentinel
09 Jan 2013
dental sealant. The clear, plastic coating is painted on cavity-prone teeth to ward off decay. ....(size: 1.0Kb)
This article is about the city in Florida. For other uses, see Miami (disambiguation).
| Miami | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
| City of Miami | |||
 |
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|
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| Nickname(s): "Magic City", "The Gateway to the Americas", "Capital of Latin America"[1][2] | |||
 |
|||
 Miami
|
|||
| Coordinates: 25°47′16″N 80°13′27″W / 25.78778°N 80.22417°W / 25.78778; -80.22417 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Florida | ||
| County | Miami-Dade | ||
| Settled | 1825 | ||
| Incorporated | July 28, 1896 | ||
| Named for | Mayaimi | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor–commissioner plan | ||
| • Mayor | Tomás Regalado (I) | ||
| • City manager | Tony Crapp, Jr | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 55.27 sq mi (143.1 km2) | ||
| • Land | 35.68 sq mi (92.4 km2) | ||
| • Water | 19.59 sq mi (50.7 km2) | ||
| • Urban | 1,116.1 sq mi (2,891 km2) | ||
| • Metro | 6,137 sq mi (15,890 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 6 ft (2 m) | ||
| Population (2010)[3][4][5][6] | |||
| • City | 408,568 (42nd) | ||
| • Density | 12,139.5/sq mi (4,687.1/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 5,547,051 (5th) | ||
| Demonym | Miamian | ||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| ZIP code(s) | 33010–33299 | ||
| Area code(s) | 305, 786 | ||
| Website | miamigov.com/home | ||
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625.[7] The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States.[8] According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.[9][10]
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade.[11][12] In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory.[13] In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities.[14] In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs.[15] According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power.[16] Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America",[1] is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.[17]
Downtown Miami and South Florida are home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and is home to many large companies both nationally and internationally.[18][19] The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the "Cruise Capital of the World," has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world, accommodating some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is currently the busiest in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.[20][21]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Miami
The Miami area was first inhabited for more than one thousand years by the Tequestas, but was later claimed for Spain in 1566 by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567. In 1836, Fort Dallas was built, and the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War.
Miami holds the distinction of being "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle,"[22] who was a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native. The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth. Some published reports described the area as a promising wilderness.[23] The area was also characterized as "one of the finest building sites in Florida."[24] The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami."[25] Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896 with a population of just over 300.[26] It was named for the nearby Miami River, itself named for the Mayaimi Indians who previously lived around Lake Okeechobee.[citation needed]
Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure but weakened after the collapse of the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression in the 1930s. When World War II began, Miami, well-situated due to its location on the southern coast of Florida, played an important role in the battle against German submarines. The war helped to expand Miami's population; by 1940, 172,172 people lived in the city. After Fidel Castro rose to power in 1959, many Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. In the 1980s and 1990s, various crises struck South Florida, among them the Arthur McDuffie beating and the subsequent riot, drug wars, Hurricane Andrew, and the Elián González uproar. Nevertheless, in the latter half of the 20th century, Miami became a major international, financial, and cultural center.
Miami and its metropolitan area grew from just over one thousand residents to nearly five and a half million residents in just 110 years (1896–2006). The city's nickname, The Magic City, comes from this rapid growth. Winter visitors remarked that the city grew so much from one year to the next that it was like magic.[27]
Geography[link]
The city proper is home to less than 1 in 13 residents of South Florida. Additionally, 52% of Miami-Dade County's population doesn't live in any incorporated city.
Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east that also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m)[28] and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m)[29] above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.
Geology[link]
The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (7.6 m) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was in effect a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped to 300 to 350 feet (110 m) below the contemporary level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.
Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer,[31] a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the South Florida metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (4.6 to 6.1 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.
Most of the western fringes of the city extend into the Everglades, a subtropical marshland located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. This causes occasional problems with local wildlife such as alligators venturing into Miami communities and major highways.
In terms of land area, Miami is one of the smallest major cities in the United States. According to the US Census Bureau, the city encompasses a total area of 55.27 sq mi (143.1 km2). Of that area, 35.67 sq mi (92.4 km2) is land and 19.59 sq mi (50.7 km2) is water. That means Miami comprises over 400,000 people in a mere 35 square miles (91 km2), making it one of the most densely populated cities in the United States, along with New York City, San Francisco, and Chicago among others. Miami is located at 25°47′16″N 80°13′27″W / 25.78778°N 80.22417°W / 25.78778; -80.22417.[32]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Miami
Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am)[33] with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall. Lows sometimes fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C). The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period.
Extremes range from 27 °F (−2.8 °C) on February 3, 1917 to 100 °F (38 °C) on July 21, 1940.[34] Miami has never recorded an accumulation of snow, and has only once recorded snow flurries, on January 19, 1977.[35]
Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season which is mid-August through the end of September.[36] Although tornadoes are uncommon in the Miami area, a tornado struck the city in 1925 and again in 1997.
| Climate data for Miami (MIA), 1981-2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °F (°C) | 76.1 (24.5) |
77.9 (25.5) |
80.1 (26.7) |
83.1 (28.4) |
86.7 (30.4) |
89.2 (31.8) |
90.6 (32.6) |
90.7 (32.6) |
89.0 (31.7) |
85.9 (29.9) |
81.5 (27.5) |
77.6 (25.3) |
84.03 (28.91) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 59.8 (15.4) |
62.1 (16.7) |
64.7 (18.2) |
68.1 (20.1) |
72.6 (22.6) |
75.8 (24.3) |
77.1 (25.1) |
77.2 (25.1) |
76.3 (24.6) |
73.3 (22.9) |
67.9 (19.9) |
62.8 (17.1) |
69.81 (21.00) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 1.61 (40.9) |
2.25 (57.2) |
3.00 (76.2) |
3.14 (79.8) |
5.38 (136.7) |
9.66 (245.4) |
6.50 (165.1) |
8.88 (225.6) |
9.86 (250.4) |
6.33 (160.8) |
3.26 (82.8) |
2.04 (51.8) |
61.92 (1,572.8) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 6.9 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 10.0 | 16.4 | 16.9 | 18.9 | 17.9 | 12.7 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 135.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 220.1 | 217.5 | 275.9 | 294.0 | 300.7 | 288.0 | 310.0 | 288.3 | 261.0 | 260.4 | 222.0 | 217.0 | 3,154.9 |
| Source no. 1: NOAA [37] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: Hong Kong Observatory (sunshine hours) [38] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
See also: List of tallest buildings in Miami
Neighborhoods[link]
File:Miami neighborhoodsmap.png
Map of Miami neighborhoods.
Main article: Neighborhoods in Miami
Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and the Port of Miami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.
The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center, as well as many of the country's most prestigious private schools, and numerous historic homes and estates.
The western side of Miami includes Little Havana, West Flagler, and Flagami, and is home to many of the city's traditionally immigrant neighborhoods. Although at one time a mostly Jewish neighborhood, today western Miami is home to immigrants from mostly Central America and Cuba, while the west central neighborhood of Allapattah is a multicultural community of many ethnicities.
The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami, also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.
Culture[link]
Entertainment and performing arts[link]
File:Knightconcerthall.jpg
Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center in the United States.
Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center in the United States after the Lincoln Center in New York City, and is the home of the Florida Grand Opera. Within it are the Ziff Ballet Opera House, the center's largest venue, the Knight Concert Hall, the Carnival Studio Theater and the Peacock Rehearsal Studio. The center attracts many large scale operas, ballets, concerts, and musicals from around the world and is Florida's grandest performing arts center. Other performing arts venues in Miami include the Gusman Center for the Performing Arts, Coconut Grove Playhouse, Colony Theatre, Lincoln Theatre, New World Center, Actor's Playhouse at the Miracle Theatre, Jackie Gleason Theatre, Manuel Artime Theater, Ring Theatre, Playground Theatre, Wertheim Performing Arts Center, the Fair Expo Center and the Bayfront Park Amphitheater for outdoor music events.
The city attracts a large number of musicians, singers, actors, dancers, and orchestral players. Miami has numerous orchestras, symphonies and performing art conservatories. Some of these include the Florida Grand Opera, Frost School of Music, Miami City Ballet, Miami Conservatory, Miami Wind Symphony, New World School of the Arts, New World Symphony Orchestra, as well as the music, theater and art schools of the city's many universities and schools.
Miami is also a major fashion center, home to models and some of the top modeling agencies in the world. Miami is also host to many fashion shows and events, including the annual Miami Fashion Week and the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami held in the Wynwood Art District.[39]
Museums and art[link]
The city is home to numerous museums as well, many of which are in Downtown. These include the Bass Museum, Coral Gables Museum, Frost Art Museum, Historical Museum of Southern Florida, Jewish Museum of Florida, Lowe Art Museum, Miami Art Museum, Miami Children's Museum, Miami Science Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art, Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, Wolfsonian-FIU Museum and the Miami Cultural Center, home of the Miami Main Library. Miami is also the home of the world's largest art exhibition, dubbed the "Olympics of Art", Art Basel Miami. The event is held annually in December, and attracts thousands of visitors from around the world.
Parks[link]
Miami's tropical weather allows for year-round outdoors activities. The city has numerous marinas, rivers, bays, canals, and the Atlantic Ocean, which make boating, sailing, and fishing popular outdoors activities. Biscayne Bay has numerous coral reefs which make snorkeling and scuba diving popular. There are over 80 parks and gardens in the city.[40] The largest and most popular parks are Bayfront Park and Bicentennial Park (located in the heart of Downtown and the location of the American Airlines Arena and Bayside Marketplace), Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Key Biscayne (Crandon Park and Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park), Tropical Park, Peacock Park, Morningside Park, Virginia Key, and Watson Island.
Other popular cultural destinations in the area include Jungle Island, Zoo Miami, Miami Seaquarium, Coral Castle, St. Bernard de Clairvaux Church, and the Charles Deering Estate.
Music[link]
File:Ultra Music Fest 2010.jpg
The city is a major music production city and attracts many annual music festivals, such as Ultra Music Festival
Miami music is varied. Cubans brought the conga and rumba to Miami from their homelands instantly popularizing it in American culture. Dominicans brought bachata, and merengue, while Colombians brought vallenato and cumbia, and Brazilians brought samba. West Indians and Caribbean people have brought reggae, soca, kompa, zouk, calypso, and steel pan to the area as well.
In the early 1970s, the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records, featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band, with such hits as "Get Down Tonight", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" and "That's the Way (I Like It)"; and the Latin-American disco group, Foxy (band), with their hit singles "Get Off" and "Hot Number". Miami-area natives George McCrae and Teri DeSario were also popular music artists during the 1970s disco era. The Bee Gees moved to Miami in 1975 and have lived here ever since then. Miami-influenced, Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine, hit the popular music scene with their Cuban-oriented sound and had huge hits in the 1980s with "Conga" and "Bad Boys".
Miami is also considered a "hot spot" for dance music, Freestyle, a style of dance music popular in the 80's and 90's heavily influenced by Electro, hip-hop, and disco. Many popular Freestyle acts such as Pretty Tony, Debbie Deb, Stevie B, and Exposé, originated in Miami. Indie/folk acts Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city,[41] while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere. Also, ska punk band Against All Authority is from Miami, and rock/metal bands Nonpoint and Marilyn Manson each formed in neighboring Fort Lauderdale. Popular Cuban American female recording artist, Ana Cristina, was born in Miami in 1985, and became the first Hispanic person in history to perform the "Star Spangled Banner" at a presidential inauguration.
The 80's and 90's also brought the genre of high energy Miami Bass to dance floors and car subwoofers throughout the country. Miami Bass spawned artists like 2 Live Crew (featuring Uncle Luke), 95 South, Tag Team, 69 Boyz, Quad City DJ's, and Freak Nasty. Examples of these songs are "Whoomp! (There It Is)" by Tag Team in 1993, "Tootsee Roll" by 69 Boyz in 1994, and "C'mon N' Ride It (The Train)" by the Quad City DJ's in 1996. These songs all reached the top 10 in the pop charts and gave Miami Bass a new commercial success.
Miami is also home to a vibrant techno and dance scene and hosts the Winter Music Conference, the largest dance event in the world, Ultra Music Festival and many electronica music-themed celebrations and festivals. Along with neighboring Miami Beach, Miami is home to nightclubs such as Space, Mansion, Parkwest, Ink, and Cameo. The city is known to be part of clubland, along with places such as Mykonos, Ibiza and Ayia Napa.
There are also several rap and hip hop artists out of Miami. They include Trick Daddy, Trina, Pitbull, Pretty Ricky, DJ Khaled, Flo-Rida, Jackie-O, Rick Ross, DJ Laz, and the Miami Bass group 2 Live Crew.
Media[link]
See also: List of radio stations in Florida
Miami has one of the largest television markets in the nation and the second largest in the state of Florida.[42] Miami has several major newspapers, the main and largest newspaper being The Miami Herald. El Nuevo Herald is the major and largest Spanish-language newspaper. Both The Miami Herald and El Nuevo Herald are Miami's and South Florida's main, major and largest newspapers and are both headquartered in Downtown Miami in Herald Plaza.
Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times. An additional Spanish-language newspapers, Diario Las Americas also serve Miami. The Miami Herald is Miami's primary newspaper with over a million readers and is headquartered in Downtown in Herald Plaza. Several other student newspapers from the local universities, such as the oldest, the University of Miami's The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, Barry University's The Buccaneer, amongst others. Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas also have their own local newspapers such as the Aventura News, Coral Gables Tribune, Biscayne Bay Tribune, and the Palmetto Bay News.
A number of magazines circulate throughout the greater Miami area, including Miami Monthly, Southeast Florida's only city/regional; Ocean Drive, a hot-spot social scene glossy, and South Florida Business Leader.
Miami is also the headquarters and main production city of many of the world's largest television networks, record label companies, broadcasting companies and production facilities, such as Telemundo, TeleFutura, Galavisión, Mega TV, Univisión, Univision Communications, Inc., Universal Music Latin Entertainment, RCTV International and Sunbeam Television. In 2009, Univisión announced plans to build new production studios in Miami, dubbed 'Univisión Studios'. Univisión Studios will be headquartered in Miami, and will produce programming for all of Univisión Communications' television networks.[43]
Miami is the twelfth largest radio market[44] and the seventeenth largest television market[45] in the United States. Television stations serving the Miami area include: WAMI (Telefutura), WBFS (My Network TV), WSFL (The CW), WFOR (CBS), WHFT (TBN), WLTV (Univision), WPLG (ABC), WPXM (ION), WSCV (Telemundo), WSVN (Fox), WTVJ (NBC), WPBT (PBS), and WLRN (also PBS).
Cuisine[link]
The cuisine of Miami is a reflection of its diverse population, with a heavy influence especially from Caribbean cuisine and from Latin American cuisine. By combining the two with American cuisine, it has spawned a unique South Florida style of cooking known as Floribbean cuisine. Floribbean cuisine is widely available throughout Miami and South Florida, and can be found in restaurant chains such as Pollo Tropical.
Cuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants.[46][47] Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay.[48] Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.
Accent[link]
In Miami, a unique accent, commonly called the "Miami accent", is widely spoken. It developed mostly by second- or third-generation Hispanics, mostly Cuban-Americans, whose first language was English. It is very similar to accents in the Northeast, but contains a rhythm and pronunciation heavily influenced by Spanish.[49]
Sports[link]
Miami's main four sports teams are the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League, the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association, the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball, and the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League. As well as having all four major professional teams, Miami is also home to Miami FC, Miami Tropics, the Sony Ericsson Open for professional tennis, numerous greyhound racing tracks, marinas, jai alai venues, and golf courses. The city streets has hosted professional auto races, the Miami Indy Challenge and later the Grand Prix Americas, whereas the Homestead-Miami Speedway oval located 35 miles southwest currently hosts NASCAR national races.
In 1946, the Miami Seahawks played in the All-America Football Conference for one season, 1946, and then folded. The city's first entry into the American Football League was the Miami Dolphins, which competed in the fourth AFL league from 1966–1969. In 1996, Miami acquired the AFL team the Sacramento Attack, which was renamed as the Miami Hooters (due to its association with the Florida-based Hooters restaurant chain), and it played from 1993–1995. In 1996, the association with the chain was completed, and the team moved to West Palm Beach and renamed as the Florida Bobcats.
Currently, the Miami Heat and the Miami Marlins play their games within Miami's city limits. The Heat play their home games at the American Airlines Arena in Downtown Miami. The Miami Marlins home ballpark is Marlins Park, located in the Little Havana section of the city on the site of the old Orange Bowl stadium.
The Miami Dolphins play their games at Sun Life Stadium in nearby Miami Gardens. The Orange Bowl, a member of the Bowl Championship Series, hosts their college football championship games at Sun Life Stadium. The stadium has also hosted the Super Bowl; the Miami metro area has hosted the game a total of ten times (five Super Bowls at the now Sun Life Stadium, including Super Bowl XLI and five at the Miami Orange Bowl), tying New Orleans for the most games.
The Florida Panthers play in neighboring Broward County at the BankAtlantic Center in the city of Sunrise. Miami FC, Florida's only professional soccer team, plays at Tropical Park Stadium. Miami signed world-famed soccer player Romario in March 2006 to a one year deal. Miami is also home to Paso Fino horses, where competitions are held at Tropical Park Equestrian Center.
Miami is also the home of many college sports teams. The two largest are the University of Miami Hurricanes, whose football team formerly played at the Miami Orange Bowl from 1937 until 2008, moving to Sun Life Stadium subsequently, and Florida International University Golden Panthers whose football team plays at FIU Stadium.
A number of defunct teams were located in Miami, including the Miami Floridians (ABA), Miami Matadors (ECHL), Miami Manatees (WHA2), Miami Gatos (NASL), Miami Screaming Eagles (WHA), Miami Seahawks (AAFC), Miami Sol (WNBA), Miami Toros (NASL), Miami Tropics (SFL), Miami Tropics (ABA), and the Miami Hooters (Arena Football League). The Miami Fusion, a defunct Major League Soccer team, played at Lockhart Stadium in nearby Broward County.
| Club | Sport | League | Venue | League Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miami Dolphins | Football | National Football League | Sun Life Stadium | Super Bowl (2)
|
| Florida Panthers | Hockey | National Hockey League | BankAtlantic Center | none |
| Miami Heat | Basketball | National Basketball Association | American Airlines Arena | NBA Finals (1)
|
| Miami Marlins | Baseball | Major League Baseball | Marlins Park | World Series (2)
|
| College / Athletics | Football | Football venue |
Basketball | Basketball venue |
Conference | National Championships (Most Recent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miami Hurricanes | Miami football | Sun Life Stadium | Miami basketball | BankUnited Center | Atlantic Coast Conference | 30 (2001 – Football & Baseball) |
| FIU Golden Panthers | FIU football | FIU Stadium | FIU basketball | U.S. Century Bank Arena | Sun Belt Conference | 4 (1984 – Men's Soccer) |
| Barry Buccaneers | – | – | Barry basketball | Health & Sports Center | Sunshine State Conference | 7 (2007 – Men's Golf) |
| NSU Sharks | – | – | NSU basketball | Don Taft UC Arena | Sunshine State Conference | 12 (2010 – Women's Golf) |
Economy[link]
File:Brickell1.JPG
Downtown is South Florida's main hub for finance, commerce and international business. Brickell Avenue has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S.
Miami is a major center of commerce, finance, and boasts a strong international business community. According to the ranking of world cities undertaken by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network (GaWC) and based on the level of presence of global corporate service organizations, Miami is considered a "Beta− world city".[11] Miami has a Gross Metropolitan Product of $257 billion and is ranked 20th worldwide in GMP, and 11th in the United States.[50][51]
Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Akerman Senterfitt, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Arrow Air, Bacardi, Benihana, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Carnival Cruise Lines, CompUSA, Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, Espírito Santo Financial Group, Fizber.com, Greenberg Traurig, Holland & Knight, Inktel Direct, Interval International, Lennar, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Oceania Cruises, Perry Ellis International, RCTV International, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Ryder Systems, Seabourn Cruise Line, Sedano's, Telefónica USA, TeleFutura, Telemundo, Univision, U.S. Century Bank, Vector Group and World Fuel Services. Because of its proximity to Latin America, Miami serves as the headquarters of Latin American operations for more than 1400 multinational corporations, including AIG, American Airlines, Cisco, Disney, Exxon, FedEx, Kraft Foods, LEO Pharma Americas, Microsoft, Yahoo, Oracle, SBC Communications, Sony, Symantec, Visa International, and Wal-Mart.[52]
Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the U.S. for Spanish language media. Univisión, Telemundo and TeleFutura have their headquarters in Miami, along with their production studios. The Telemundo Television Studios produces much of the original programming for Telemundo, such as their telenovelas and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami.[53] Miami is also a major music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment headquarters in the city, along with many other smaller record labels. The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shootings.
Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city. Miami's skyline is ranked third most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design.[54] The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m) Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.[55]
During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built.[56] In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on houses.[57] This rapid high-rise construction, has led to fast population growth in the city's inner neighborhoods, primarily in Downtown, Brickell and Edgewater, with these neighborhoods becoming the fastest-growing areas in the city. The Miami area ranks 8th in the nation in foreclosures.[58] In 2011, Forbes Magazine named Miami the second most miserable city in the United States due to its high foreclosure rate and past decade of corruption among public officials.[59] In 2012, Forbes Magazine named Miami the most miserable city in the United States because of a crippling housing crisis that has cost multitudes of residents their homes and jobs. The metro area has one of the highest violent crime rates in the country and workers face lengthy daily commutes.
Miami International Airport and the Port of Miami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additionally, the city has the largest concentration of international banks in the country, primarily along Brickell Avenue in Brickell, Miami's financial district. Due to its strength in international business, finance and trade, many international banks have offices in Downtown such as Espírito Santo Financial Group, which has its U.S. headquarters in Miami. Miami was also the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, and is one of the leading candidates to become the trading bloc's headquarters.
As of 2011, the Port of Miami accounts for 176,000 jobs and has an annual economic impact in Miami of $18 billion. It is the 11th-largest cargo container port in the United States. In 2010, a record 4.33 million passengers traveled through the Port of Miami. One in seven of all the world’s cruise passengers start from Miami.[2]
Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion.[61][62] The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs, beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.
Miami is the home to the National Hurricane Center and the headquarters of the United States Southern Command, responsible for military operations in Central and South America. In addition to these roles, Miami is also an industrial center, especially for stone quarrying and warehousing. These industries are centered largely on the western fringes of the city near Doral and Hialeah.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001.[63] However, since that time, Miami has experienced a revival: in 2008, Miami was ranked as "America's Cleanest City" according to Forbes for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs.[15] In a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States (of four U.S. cities included in the survey) and the world's fifth-richest city, in terms of purchasing power.[16]
Demographics[link]
| Miami Demographics[64] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 Census | Miami | Miami-Dade County | Florida |
| Total population | 399,457 | 2,496,435 | 18,801,310 |
| Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010 | +10.2% | +10.8% | +17.6% |
| Population density | 11,135.9/sq mi | 1,315.5/sq mi | 350.6/sq mi |
| White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) | 72.6% | 73.8% | 75.0% |
| (Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) | 11.9% | 15.4% | 57.9% |
| Black or African-American | 19.2% | 18.9% | 16.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 70.0% | 65.0% | 22.5% |
| Asian | 1.0% | 1.5% | 2.4% |
| Native American or Native Alaskan | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.4% |
| Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Two or more races (Multiracial) | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.5% |
| Some Other Race | 4.2% | 3.2% | 3.6% |
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1900 | 1,681 | — |
| 1910 | 5,471 | +225.5% |
| 1920 | 29,549 | +440.1% |
| 1930 | 110,637 | +274.4% |
| 1940 | 172,172 | +55.6% |
| 1950 | 249,276 | +44.8% |
| 1960 | 291,688 | +17.0% |
| 1970 | 334,859 | +14.8% |
| 1980 | 346,865 | +3.6% |
| 1990 | 358,548 | +3.4% |
| 2000 | 362,470 | +1.1% |
| 2010 | 399,457 | +10.2% |
| 2012 | 408,568 | +2.3% |
| source:[65] | ||
Miami is the 42nd most populous city in the U.S. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States,[66] and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008, the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.[67]
As of 2000, in terms of national origin and/or ethnic origin, 34.1% of the populace was Cuban,[68] while 5.6% of the city's population was Nicaraguan,[69] 5.5% of the population was Haitian,[70] 3.3% of the population was Honduran,[71] 1.7% of all residents were Dominican,[72] and 1.6% of the population was Colombian.[73] In 2004, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) ranked Miami first in terms of percentage of residents born outside of the country it is located in (59%), followed by Toronto (50%).
As of 2010, there were 183,994 households of which 14.0% were vacant.[64] As of 2000, 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were married couples living together, 18.7% have a female head of household with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.25. The age distribution was 21.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.3 males.
In 2009, the median income for a household in the city was $29,812, and the median income for a family was $33,814. The per capita income for the city was $19,846. About 21.7% of families and 26.3% of the population were below the poverty line.
In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population.[74] In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black.[75] Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics, and Blacks, mainly from the Caribbean islands.
There has been a Norwegian Seamen's church in Miami since the early 1980s. In November 2011, Crown Princess Mette-Marit opened a new building for the church. The church was built as a center for the 10,000 Scandinavians that live in Florida. Around 4,000 of them are Norwegian. The church is also an important place for the 150 Norwegians that work at Disney World.[76]
Languages[link]
As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as their first language accounted for 66.75% of residents, English by 25.45%, Haitian Creole by 5.20%, and French speakers comprised 0.76% of the population.[77]
Other languages that were spoken throughout the city include Portuguese at 0.41%, German at 0.18%, Italian at 0.16%, Arabic at 0.15%, Chinese at 0.11%, and Greek at 0.08% of the population. Miami also has one of the largest percentage populations in the U.S. that have residents who speak first languages other than English at home (74.55%).[77]
Due to English-speakers moving away from the area, the percentage of residents who speak only English is expected to continue to decline.[78]
Civic engagement[link]
Organizations such as the Miami-Dade Salvation Army and its iconic Red Kettle Christmas Campaign, Hands On Miami, City Year Miami, Human Services Coalition of South Florida, and Citizens for a Better South Florida, among many other organizations have been working to engage Miamians in volunteerism.
Government[link]
Main article: Government of the City of Miami
The government of the City of Miami (proper) uses the mayor-commissioner type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners, are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances adopt regulations and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter.The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Tomás Regalado and 5 City commissioners which oversee the five districts in the City. It holds regular meetings in the City Hall of Miami located in 3500 Pan American Drive Miami, Florida 33133 in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove on Dinner Key.
City council[link]
See also: List of mayors of Miami
- Tomás Regalado – Mayor of the City of Miami
- Wifredo "Willy" Gort – City of Miami Commissioner, District 1
- Marc Sarnoff – City of Miami Commissioner, District 2
- Frank Carollo – City of Miami Commissioner, District 3
- Francis Suarez – City of Miami Commissioner, District 4
- Richard P. Dunn – City of Miami Commissioner, District 5
Education[link]
Public schools[link]
Main article: Miami-Dade County Public Schools
File:FIU OE.JPG
Florida International University has the largest enrollment of any university in South Florida, and is one of the state's primary research universities.
Public schools in Miami are governed by Miami-Dade County Public Schools, which is the largest school district in Florida and the fourth-largest in the United States. As of September 2008 it has a student enrollment of 385,655 and over 392 schools and centers. The district is also the largest minority public school system in the country, with 60% of its students being of Hispanic origin, 28% Black or West Indian American, 10% White (non-Hispanic) and 2% non-white of other minorities.[79] Miami is home to some of the nation's best high schools, such as Design and Architecture High School, ranked the nation's best magnet school, MAST Academy, Coral Reef High School, ranked 20th-best public high school in the U.S., Miami Palmetto High School, and the New World School of the Arts.[80] M-DCPS is also one of a few public school districts in the United States to offer optional bilingual education in Spanish, French, German, Haitian Creole, and Mandarin Chinese.
Private schools[link]
Miami is home to several well known Roman Catholic, Jewish and non-denominational private schools. The Archdiocese of Miami operates the city's Catholic private schools, which include: St. Hugh Catholic School, St. Agatha Catholic School, St. Theresa School, Immaculata-Lasalle High School, Monsignor Edward Pace High School, Archbishop Curley-Notre Dame High School, St. Brendan High School, amongst numerous other Catholic elementary and high schools.
All-boys Catholic college preparatory schools are Christopher Columbus High School and Belen Jesuit Preparatory School. All-girls Catholic preparatory schools are Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart and Our Lady of Lourdes Academy.
Non-denominational private schools in Miami are Ransom Everglades, Gulliver Preparatory School, and Miami Country Day School. Other schools in the area include Samuel Scheck Hillel Community Day School, Dade Christian School, Palmer Trinity School, and Westminster Christian School.
Colleges and universities[link]
Miami has over 200,000 students enrolled in local colleges and universities, placing it seventh in the nation in per capita university enrollment. In 2010, the city's four largest colleges and universities (MDC, FIU, UM, and Barry) graduated 28,000 students.[81]
Colleges and universities in and around Miami:
- Barry University (private)
- Carlos Albizu University (private)
- Florida International University (FIU) (public)
- Florida Memorial University (private)
- Johnson and Wales University (private)
- Keiser University (private)
- Manchester Business School (satellite location, UK public)
- Miami Culinary Institute (public)
- Miami Dade College (public)
- Miami International University of Art & Design (private)
- Nova Southeastern University (private)
- St. Thomas University (private)
- Talmudic University (private)
- University of Miami (private)
Overall, amongst Miamians 25 years and older, 67% had a high school diploma, and 22% had a bachelors degree or higher.[82]
In 2011, Miami was ranked as the sixth most-read city in the U.S. with high book sales.[83]
Professional training programs[link]
Miami is also home to both for-profit and nonprofit organizations that offer a range of professional training and other, related educational programs. Per Scholas, for example is a nonprofit organization that offers free professional certification training directed towards successfully passing CompTIA A+ and Network+ certification exams as a route to securing jobs and building careers.[84][85] [86]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Miami
Airports[link]
Miami International Airport, serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million passengers a year. Identifiable locally, as well as several worldwide authorities, as MIA or KMIA, the airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines, the world's second-largest passenger air carrier. Miami International is the busiest airport in Florida, and is the United States' second-largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, and is the seventh-largest such gateway in the world. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
Alternatively, nearby Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport also serves commercial traffic in the Miami area.[87] Opa-locka Airport in Opa-locka and Kendall-Tamiami Airport in an unincorporated area serve general aviation traffic in the Miami area.
Port of Miami[link]
Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the Port of Miami. It is the largest cruise ship port in the world. The port is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas".[88] It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well over a decade accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines. In 2007, the port served 3,787,410 passengers.[89] Additionally, the port is one of the nation's busiest cargo ports, importing 7.8 million tons of cargo in 2007.[89] Among North American ports, it ranks second only to the Port of South Louisiana in New Orleans in terms of cargo tonnage imported/exported from Latin America. The port is on 518 acres (2 km2) and has 7 passenger terminals. China is the port's number one import country, and Honduras is the number one export country. Miami has the world's largest amount of cruise line headquarters, home to: Carnival Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, and Royal Caribbean International.
On May 24, 2010, construction began on the $1 billion Miami port tunnel that will serve the Port of Miami.[90]
Public transportation[link]
Main article: Miami-Dade Transit
Public transportation in Miami is operated by Miami-Dade Transit and SFRTA, and includes commuter rail (Tri-Rail), heavy-rail rapid transit (Metrorail), an elevated people mover (Metromover), and buses (Metrobus). Miami has Florida's highest transit ridership as about 17% of Miamians use transit on a daily basis.[91]
Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising 22 stations on a 22-mile (35 km)-long line. Metrorail runs from the western suburbs of Hialeah and Medley through the Civic Center, Downtown, Brickell, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami and ends in the southern suburban neighborhood of Kendall; construction on a direct Metrorail connection to Miami International Airport began in 2009 with expected passenger service beginning in early 2012.[92] A free, elevated people mover, Metromover, operates 21 stations on three different lines in Downtown, with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell. Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami-Dade County.
Tri-Rail, a commuter rail system operated by the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority (SFRTA), runs from Miami International Airport northward to West Palm Beach, making eighteen stops throughout Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties.
Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013.
Two new light rail systems, Baylink and the Miami Streetcar, have been proposed and are currently in the planning stage. BayLink would connect Downtown with South Beach, and the Miami Streetcar would connect Downtown with Midtown.
Rail[link]
Miami is the southern terminus of Amtrak's Atlantic Coast services, running two lines, the Silver Meteor and the Silver Star, both terminating in New York City. The Miami Amtrak Station is located in the suburb of Hialeah near the Tri-Rail/Metrorail Station on NW 79 St and NW 38 Ave. Current construction of the Miami Central Station will move all Amtrak operations from its current out-of-the-way location to a centralized location with Metrorail, MIA Mover, Tri-Rail, Miami International Airport, and the Miami Intermodal Center all within the same station closer to Downtown. The station is expected to be completed by 2012.[93]
Florida High Speed Rail was planned to connect Miami with Orlando and Tampa in a single line, but was canceled in 2011.
Road[link]
Miami's road system is based along the numerical "Miami Grid" where Flagler Street forms the east-west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north-south meridian. The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy's (formerly the Burdine's headquarters). The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have "NW" in their address. Because its point of origin is in Downtown which is close to the coast, therefore, the "NW" and "SW" quadrants are much larger than the "SE" and "NE" quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named (e.g., Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St), although, with a few notable exceptions (e.g., Coral Way), the number is in more common usage among locals.
All streets and avenues in Miami-Dade County follow the Miami Grid, with a few exceptions, most notably Coral Gables, Hialeah, and Miami Beach. Some neighborhoods, such as The Roads, is thusly named because its streets run off the Miami Grid in a 45-degree angle, and therefore all named roads.
Miami-Dade County is served by four Interstate Highways (I-75, I-95, I-195, I-395) and several U.S. Highways including U.S. Route 1, U.S. Route 27, U.S. Route 41, and U.S. Route 441.
Some of the major Florida State Roads (and their common names) serving Miami are:
- SR 112 (Airport Expressway): Interstate 95 to MIA
- SR 821 (The HEFT or Homestead Extension of the Florida Turnpike): SR 91/Miami Gardens to U.S. Route 1/Florida City)
- SR 826 (Palmetto Expressway): Golden Glades Interchange to U.S. Route 1/Pinecrest
- SR 836 (Dolphin Expressway): Downtown to SW 137th Ave via MIA
- SR 874 (Don Shula Expressway): 826/Bird Road to Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike/Kendall
- SR 878 (Snapper Creek Expressway): SR 874/Kendall to U.S. Route 1/Pinecrest & South Miami
- SR 924 (Gratigny Parkway) Miami Lakes to Opa-locka
| Miami Causeways | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name | Termini | Year built |
| Rickenbacker Causeway | Brickell and Key Biscayne | 1947 |
| Venetian Causeway | Downtown and South Beach | 1912–1925 |
| MacArthur Causeway | Downtown and South Beach | 1920 |
| Julia Tuttle Causeway | Wynwood/Edgewater and Miami Beach | 1959 |
| 79th Street Causeway | Upper East Side and North Beach | 1929 |
| Broad Causeway | North Miami and Bal Harbour | 1951 |
Miami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne. The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach. The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach. The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach. The northernmost causeway, the Broad Causeway, is the smallest of Miami's six causeways, and connects North Miami with Bal Harbour.
In 2007, Miami was identified as having the rudest drivers in the United States, the second year in a row to have been cited, in a poll commissioned by automobile club AutoVantage.[94] Miami is also consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous cities in the United States for pedestrians.[95]
Bicycling[link]
In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting. Every month, the city hosts "Bike Miami", where major streets in Downtown and Brickell are closed to automobiles, but left open for pedestrians and bicyclists. The event began in November 2008, and has doubled in popularity from 1,500 participants to about 3,000 in the October 2009 Bike Miami. This is the longest running such event in the US. In October 2009, the city also approved an extensive 20-year plan for bike routes and paths around the city. The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009.[96]
In 2010, Miami was ranked as the 44th most bike-friendly city in the US according to Bicycling Magazine.[97]
Walkability[link]
A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Miami the eighth most walkable of the fifty largest cities in the United States.[98]
In popular culture[link]
In film and television[link]
Miami is a center for television and film production. The city has acted as the backdrop for many movies, and many television shows, telenovellas, and awards shows have been set or filmed in Miami. In the mid-2000s, Miami started to become a popular backdrop for reality television shows. Additionally, Miami is a major center, worldwide, for Spanish-language television and film production.
In music[link]
See Miami (Music)
Miami has inspired the names of musical groups as well as of numerous albums and song titles. For example, the late country singer Keith Whitley (1955–1989) sang a song called "Miami, My Amy", about a special woman from Miami; the song is one of his biggest hits to this day.[99]
In video games[link]
The video games, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (which became one of the best selling video games in 2002)[100] and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, take place in Vice City, a fictional city inspired by Miami, which includes some of the same architecture and geography. The game also includes characters who speak Haitian Creole and Spanish, as do many people found in Miami.
Sister cities[link]
See also: List of sister cities in Florida
Amman, Jordan (since 1995)[101]
Ankara, Turkey
Asti, Italy (since 1985)[102]
Bogotá, Colombia (since 1971)[103]
Buenos Aires, Argentina (since 1979)[103]
Cochabamba, Bolivia[104]
Kagoshima, Japan (since 1990)[103]
Lima, Peru (since 1977)[103]
Managua, Nicaragua (since 1991)[105]
Murcia, Spain[103]- Palermo, Italy (since 2001)[103]
Port-au-Prince, Haiti (since 1991)[103]
Qingdao, People's Republic of China (since 2005)[103]
Salvador, Brazil (since 2006)[103]
Santiago, Chile (since 1986)[103]
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (since 1987)[103]
Baghdad, Iraq[citation needed]
Varna, Bulgaria[104]
See also[link]
 |
Book: Miami |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
|
Book: Miami-Dade County, Florida |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- List of people from Miami
- Miami Fire Department
- Miami Police Department
- Miami port tunnel
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami, Florida
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Miami: the Capital of Latin America". Time. December 2, 1993. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html.
- ^ a b http://www.cnbcmagazine.com/story/shore-bet/1346/1/
- ^ "American Factfinder, Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". US Census Bureau.
- ^ American Community Survey Miami Urbanized Area (2008 estimate)
- ^ Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas
- ^ "2009 City Estimates", US Census Bureau. (CSV format)
- ^ MiamiHerald.com
- ^ "http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CBSA-EST2009-alldata.csv" (CSV). 2009 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CBSA-EST2009-alldata.csv. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
- ^ The World Almanac 2011, page 611 (List of US Census Bureau MSA Estimates)
- ^ Demographia: World Urban Areas
- ^ a b "The World According to GaWC 2008". Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, Loughborough University. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
- ^ "Inventory of World Cities". Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
- ^ http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html | "The World According to GaWC 2010"
- ^ "The Global Cities Index 2010". http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
- ^ a b Van Riper, Tom (March 17, 2008). "America's cleanest cities". Forbes Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/business/2008/03/17/miami-seattle-orlando-biz-logistics-cx_tvr_0317cleanest.html. Retrieved February 23, 2008.
- ^ a b "City Mayors: World's richest cities by purchasing power". City Mayors. http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
- ^ U.S. Census, 2010 (Ethnicity) and Census American Community Survey 2008 (language).
- ^ Nest Seekers International
- ^ Brickell – Downtown Miami, Florida
- ^ Miami-Dade.gov Port of Miami
- ^ Cruise lines departing from the Port of Miami
- ^ Henry, Brian. (1995) "Miami Centennial Trivia." South Florida History, Vol. 23 No. 3 Summer, 1995. p. 33
- ^ "The Day in St. Augustine — The Hack Line to Biscayne Bay", The Florida Times-Union, 1893-1-10. Retrieved on 2007-8-25.
- ^ "A Trip to Biscayne Bay", The Tropical Sun, 1893-3-09. Retrieved on 2006-1-22.
- ^ Muir, Helen. (1953) Miami, USA Henry Holt and Company. p. 55
Weiner, Jacqueline (Week of April 1, 2010), "Statue of Miami's First Lady, Julia Tuttle, may be birthday present", Miami Today, http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/100401/story2.shtml - ^ Williams, Linda K. & George, Paul S.. "South Florida: A Brief History". Historical Museum of South Florida. http://www.hmsf.org/history/south-florida-brief-history.htm. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
- ^ "Miami-Dade County – Information Center". Miami-Dade County. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080225012927/http://www.miamidade.gov/infocenter/about_miami-dade_history.asp. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
- ^ "Miami Environment". Advameg. http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/Miami-Environment.html. Retrieved July 19, 2007.
- ^ "Miami, Florida metropolitan area as seen from STS-62". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/luceneweb/caption_direct.jsp?photoId=STS062-85-026. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
- ^ Dean Whitman (September 1997). "Notes on the geology and Water Resources of South Florida". Notes on Florida Geology. Florida International University. http://www2.fiu.edu/~whitmand/Courses/Fl_geo_notes.html. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
- ^ "USGS Ground Water Atlas of the United States". United States Geological Survey. http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/ch_g/G-text4.html. Retrieved February 19, 2006.
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- ^ "World Map of Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification". http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf.
- ^ "Lowest Temperature of Record". National Weather Service. http://www.weather.gov/climate/getclimate.php?wfo=mfl.
- ^ Howard Kleinberg (December 30, 1989). "The Great Miami Snow Job". The Dispatch. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VsAcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FlIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6854,7871034&dq=miami+news&hl=en. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ^ "Vulnerable cities: Miami, Florida". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060427194724/http://www.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/hurricanes/vulnerablecities/miami.html. Retrieved February 19, 2006.
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mfl. Retrieved 2011-12-14.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Miami". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/miami_e.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
- ^ "Miami Fashion Week". Miami Fashion Week. http://www.miamifashionweek.com/new_admin/html/Overview.html. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
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- ^ Interview: Cat Power. Pitchfork Media (November 13, 2006). Retrieved on August 25, 2007.
- ^ "Local Television Market Universe Estimates". nielsen. http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf.
- ^ "Univision Announces Launch of Univision Studios". Business Wire. December 7, 2009. http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091207005550&newsLang=en. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ "Top 50 Radio Markets Ranked By Metro 12+ Population, Spring 2005". Northwestern University Media Management Center. Archived from the original on April 19, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080419055254/http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/#radio. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
- ^ "Top 50 TV markets ranked by households". Northwestern University Media Management Center. Archived from the original on April 19, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080419055254/http://www.mediainfocenter.org/compare/top50/#tv. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
- ^ http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Sandwiches/CubanSandwich.htm
- ^ http://www.frommers.com/destinations/miami/0017024034.html
- ^ http://www.miaminewtimes.com/restaurants/search/cuisine:Seafood/
- ^ http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2004-06-13/news/0406130047_1_cuban-accent-spanish-sound
- ^ https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562
- ^ "Gross Metropolitan Product". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
- ^ "Walmart Latinoamérica Opens New Regional Office in South Florida, Introduces New Regional President and CEO Eduardo Solórzano". Walmartstores.com. February 23, 2010. http://walmartstores.com/FactsNews/NewsRoom/9663.aspx. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ http://miamitodaynews.com/news/110623/story4.shtml
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- ^ "Miami:High rise buildings–Completed". Emporis. http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/sk/li/?id=101321&bt=9&ht=2&sro=1. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
- ^ Miami: High rise buildings–All. Emporis. Retrieved on August 25, 2007.
- ^ Bell, Maya (August 27, 2007). "Boom of condo crash loudest in Miami". Orlando Sentinel. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/business/orl-condobust2707aug27,0,2001796.story. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
- ^ "Florida markets rank high in national foreclosure volume". Tampa Bay Business Journal. February 13, 2008. http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/tampabay/stories/2008/02/11/daily23.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
- ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (February 2, 2011). "America's Most Miserable Cities". Forbes Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/2011/02/02/stockton-miami-cleveland-business-washington-miserable-cities_2.html.
- ^ http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/08/28/v-fullstory/2379490/a-new-university-of-miami-research.html
- ^ Murray, Valaer. "List: America's Most-Visited Cities". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2010/04/28/tourism-new-york-lifestyle-travel-las-vegas-cities_slide_7.html.
- ^ "Record number of local visitors, record spending achieved in 2007". Miamitodaynews.com. March 27, 2008. http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/080327/story1.shtml. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ Cohen, Adam (June 24, 2001), "Gloom over Miami", Time, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,135186,00.html, retrieved September 2, 2007
- ^ a b American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. "Miami city, Florida – Census 2010:Florida – USATODAY.com –". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/FL. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790-2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/index.html. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009" (XLS). 2009 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 19, 2010. http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2009/CBSA-EST2009-01.xls. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ "Table A.12. Population of urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2005, by country, 1950–2015" (PDF). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WUP2005/2005WUP_DataTables12.pdf. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
- ^ "Ancestry Map of Cuban Communities". Epodunk.com. http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Cuban.html. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
- ^ "Ancestry Map of Nicaraguan Communities". Epodunk.com. http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Nicaraguan.html. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
- ^ "Ancestry Map of Haitian Communities". Epodunk.com. http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Haitian.html. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
- ^ "Ancestry Map of Honduran Communities". Epodunk.com. http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Honduran.html. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
- ^ "Ancestry Map of Dominican Communities". Epodunk.com. http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Dominican-Republic.html. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
- ^ "Ancestry Map of Colombian Communities". Epodunk.com. http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Colombian.html. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
- ^ "Demographic Profile, Miami-Dade County, Florida 1960-2000 " (PDF). Miamidade.gov.
- ^ "Florida - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
- ^ http://www.norwaypost.no/news/crown-princess-opens-seamens-church-in-miami-26012.html
- ^ a b "Data Center Results – Miami, Florida"]. Modern Language Association. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=12&county_id=&mode=&zip=&place_id=45000&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r. Retrieved August 25, 2007.
- ^ "In Miami, Spanish becoming primary language." Associated Press at MSNBC. May 29, 2008. Retrieved on March 27, 2010.
- ^ "Miami-Dade County Public Schools" (PDF). The Broad Foundation. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080413172813/http://www.broadprize.org/2007Miami-DadeBrief.pdf. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
- ^ "Gold Medal Schools". US News and World Report. November 12, 2007. http://www.usnews.com/articles/education/high-schools/2007/11/29/gold-medal-schools.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
- ^ http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/04/02/2728287/jobs-education-and-miami-dades.html
- ^ U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder
- ^ http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1568187&highlight=
- ^ [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/giving/11VETS.html "Helping Veterans Find Civilian Jobs"]. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/giving/11VETS.html. Retrieved November, 2010.
- ^ [http://www.perscholas.org/articles/News%20NYT.pdf "Training Workers for Good Jobs"]. http://www.perscholas.org/articles/News%20NYT.pdf. Retrieved March 2007.
- ^ [http://www.perscholas.org/articles/Building-a-Career-Path.pdf "Building a Career Path Where There Was Just a Dead End"]. http://www.perscholas.org/articles/Building-a-Career-Path.pdf. Retrieved February 2007.
- ^ "Southwest Airlines Cities." Southwest Airlines. Retrieved October 30, 2008.
- ^ "Port of Miami". Miami-Dade County. http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
- ^ a b "Port Statistics". Miami-Dade County. http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/business-port-statistics.asp. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
- ^ "Port Tunnel Construction Begins". WPLG. May 24, 2010. http://www.justnews.com/traffic/23656213/detail.html#. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
- ^ "American Community Survey". Census.gov. http://www.census.gov/acs/www/. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ Haggman, Matthew. "Metrorail breaks ground at airport – South Florida". MiamiHerald.com. http://www.miamiherald.com/486/story/1028513.html. Retrieved June 27, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Miami Intermodal Center". Micdot.com. http://www.micdot.com/miami_central_station.html. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ Reaney, Patricia (May 15, 2007). "Miami drivers named the rudest". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSL1413867020070515. Retrieved September 2, 2007.
- ^ "Dangerous Pedestrian Cities". CBS News. Associated Press. December 2, 2004. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/12/02/national/main658846.shtml. Retrieved September 2, 2007.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ South Florida Business Journal (April 6, 2010). "Miami becoming more bike friendly | South Florida Business Journal". Southflorida.bizjournals.com. http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2010/04/05/daily16.html. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ "2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings". Walk Score. 2011. http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
- ^ "Keith Whitley – Miami, My Amy Lyrics". Sing365.com. http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Miami-My-Amy-lyrics-Keith-Whitley/44D592126D8C468F48256D8F003141E9. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ "Grand Theft Auto: Vice City". Rockstar Games. http://www.rockstargames.com/vicecity/newsLayer.html. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ "Amman’s Relations with Other Cities". http://www.ammancity.gov.jo/english/relations/r12.asp.
- ^ Sister Cities
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program". City of Miami. Archived from the original on May 26, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070526222509/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/MIC/pages/SisterCities/default.asp. Retrieved July 13, 2007.
- ^ a b "Online Directory: Florida, USA". Sister Cities International. http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/USA/FL. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
- ^ "Office of the Mayor of Managua, Nicaragua (In Spanish)". Office of the Mayor of Managua. http://www.managua.gob.ni/index.php?s=1153. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
External links[link]
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- City of Miami – Official Site
- City of Miami Government
- Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Miami travel guide from Wikitravel
- U.S. Census Bureau – Census 2000 Demographic Profile Highlights for City of Miami
Coordinates: 25°47′16″N 80°13′27″W / 25.787676°N 80.224145°W / 25.787676; -80.224145
State of
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of Florida. For other uses, see Florida (disambiguation).
| State of Florida | |||||
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| Nickname(s): The Sunshine State | |||||
| Motto(s): In God We Trust | |||||
| State anthem: Florida, Where the Sawgrass Meets the Sky | |||||
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| Official language(s) | English[1] | ||||
| Spoken language(s) | English 74.5% Spanish 18.7%[2] |
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| Demonym | Floridian | ||||
| Capital | Tallahassee | ||||
| Largest city | Jacksonville | ||||
| Largest metro area | South Florida metro area | ||||
| Area | Ranked 22nd in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 65,755[3] sq mi (170,304[3] km2) |
||||
| - Width | 361 miles (582 km) | ||||
| - Length | 447 miles (721 km) | ||||
| - % water | 17.9 | ||||
| - Latitude | 24° 27′ N to 31° 00' N | ||||
| - Longitude | 80° 02′ W to 87° 38′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 4th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 19,057,542 (2011 est)[3] | ||||
| - Density | 353.4/sq mi (136.4/km2) Ranked 8th in the U.S. |
||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Britton Hill[4][5] 345 ft (105 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 100 ft (30 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean[4] sea level |
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| Before statehood | Florida Territory | ||||
| Admission to Union | March 3, 1845 (27th) | ||||
| Governor | Rick Scott (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Jennifer Carroll (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Florida Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Bill Nelson (D) Marco Rubio (R) |
||||
| U.S. House delegation | 19 Republicans, 6 Democrats (list) | ||||
| Time zones | |||||
| - Peninsula and "Big Bend" region | Eastern: UTC -5/-4 | ||||
| - Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River | Central: UTC -6/-5 | ||||
| Abbreviations | FL Fla. US-FL | ||||
| Website | www.myflorida.com | ||||
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|---|---|
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| The Flag of Florida. | |
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| Animate insignia | |
| Amphibian | Barking tree frog |
| Bird(s) | Northern Mockingbird |
| Butterfly | Zebra Longwing |
| Fish | Florida largemouth bass, Atlantic sailfish |
| Flower(s) | Orange blossom |
| Mammal(s) | Florida panther, Manatee, Bottle-nosed dolphin, Florida Cracker Horse[6] |
| Reptile | American Alligator, Loggerhead turtle[6] |
| Tree | Sabal Palmetto |
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| Inanimate insignia | |
| Beverage | Orange juice |
| Food | Key lime pie, Orange |
| Gemstone | Moonstone |
| Rock | agatized Coral |
| Shell | Horse conch |
| Soil | Myakka |
| Song(s) | "Old Folks at Home" ("Way Down Upon The Swanee River") |
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| Route marker(s) | |
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| State Quarter | |
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| Released in 2004 | |
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| Lists of United States state insignia | |
File:FlaCitiesMap.PNG
Map of Florida's incorporated municipalities
Florida (i/ˈflɒrɪdə/) is a state in the southeastern United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state capital is Tallahassee, its largest city is Jacksonville, and the South Florida metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S.
Much of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Its geography is marked by a coastline, by the omnipresence of water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state to border both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and its terrain is characterized by sedimentary soils. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south.[7] Its symbolic animals like the American alligator, Florida panther and the manatee, can be found in the Everglades, one of the most famous national parks in the world.
Since the first European contact was made in 1513 by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León – who named it La Florida ("Flowery Land") upon landing there during the Easter season, Pascua Florida[8] – Florida was a challenge for the European colonial powers before it gained statehood in the United States in 1845. It was a principal location of the Seminole Wars against the Indians, and racial segregation after the American Civil War. Today, it is distinguished by its large Hispanic community, and high population growth, as well as its increasing environmental concerns. Its economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also known for its amusement parks, the production of oranges and the Kennedy Space Center.
Florida culture is a reflection of influences and multiple inheritance; Native American, European American, Hispanic and African American heritages can be found in the architecture and cuisine. Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for tennis, golf, auto racing and water sports.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Florida
See also: Seminole Wars and Florida in the American Civil War
Archaeological research indicates that Florida was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians, the first human inhabitants of the Americas, perhaps as early as 14 thousand years ago. The region was continuously inhabited through the Archaic period (to about 2000 BC). After about 500 BC the previously relatively uniform Archaic culture began to coalesce into distinctive local cultures.[10] By the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee (of the Florida Panhandle), the Timucua (of northern and central Florida), the Ais (of the central Atlantic coast), the Tocobaga (of the Tampa Bay area), the Calusa (of southwest Florida) and the Tequesta (of the southeastern coast).
Florida was the first part of what is now the continental United States to be visited by Europeans. The earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León, who spotted the peninsula on April 2, 1513. According to his chroniclers, Ponce de León named the region La Florida ("flowery land") because it was then the Easter Season, known in Spanish as Pascua Florida (roughly "Flowery Easter"), and because the vegetation was in bloom.[11] It is possible Juan Ponce de León was not the first European to reach Florida, however; reportedly, at least one indigenous tribesman whom he encountered in Florida in 1513 spoke Spanish.[12] From 1513 onward, the land became known as "La Florida", although after 1630 and throughout the 18th century, Tegesta (after the Tequesta tribe) was an alternate name of choice for the Florida peninsula following publication of a map by the Dutch cartographer Hessel Gerritsz in Joannes de Laet's History of the New World.[13][14]
Over the following century, both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida with varying degrees of success. In 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a colony at present-day Pensacola, one of the first European attempts at settlement in the continental United States. It was abandoned by 1561 due to hurricanes, famine and warring tribes, and the area was not re-inhabited until the 1690s. French Protestant Huguenots founded Fort Caroline in modern-day Jacksonville in 1564. The following year, the Spanish colony of St. Augustine (San Agustín) was established, and forces from there conquered Fort Caroline that same year. The Spanish maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the local tribes, briefly with Jesuits and later with Franciscan friars.
The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English colonies to the north and French colonies to the west. The English weakened Spanish power in the area by supplying their Creek and Yamasee allies with firearms and urging them to raid the Timucuan and Apalachee client-tribes of the Spanish. The English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times, while the citizens hid behind the walls of the Castillo de San Marcos.
Florida was attracting a large number of Africans and African Americans from British-occupied North America who sought freedom from slavery. Once in Florida, the Spanish Crown converted them to Roman Catholicism and gave them freedom. Those ex-slaves settled in a community north of St. Augustine, called Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose, the first freedom settlement of its kind in what became the United States. Many of those slaves were also welcomed by Creek and Seminole Native Americans who had established settlements there at the invitation of the Spanish government.
Great Britain gained control of Florida and other territory diplomatically in 1763 through the Peace of Paris. The British divided their new acquisitions into East Florida, with its capital at St. Augustine, and West Florida, with its capital at Pensacola. Britain tried to develop the Floridas through the importation of immigrants for labor, but this project ultimately failed. Spain received both Floridas after Britain's defeat by the American colonies and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles in 1783, continuing the division into East and West Florida. They offered land grants to anyone who settled in the colonies, and many Americans moved to them.
After settler attacks on Indian towns, Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, purportedly at the behest of the Spanish. The United States Army led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known as the First Seminole War. Following the war, the United States effectively controlled East Florida. In 1819, by terms of the Adams-Onís Treaty, Spain ceded Florida to the United States in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on Texas that they might have from the Louisiana Purchase and $5 million.
In 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from their lands in Florida. To the chagrin of Georgia landowners, the Seminoles harbored and integrated runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the United States government signed the Treaty of Payne's Landing with some of the Seminole chiefs, promising them lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida voluntarily. Many of the Seminoles left at this time, while those who remained prepared to defend their claims to the land. The U.S. Army arrived in 1835 to enforce the treaty under pressure from white settlers, and the Second Seminole War began at the end of the year with the Dade Massacre, when Seminoles ambushed and killed or mortally wounded all but one in a group of 110 Army troops, plus Major Dade and seven officers, marching from Fort Brooke (Tampa) to reinforce Fort King (Ocala).[15] Between 900 and 1,500 Seminole Indian warriors employed guerrilla tactics against United States Army troops for seven years until 1842. The U.S. government is estimated to have spent between $20 million and $40 million on the war, at the time an astronomical sum.
On March 3, 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the United States of America, although initially its population grew slowly. White settlers continued to encroach on lands used by the Seminoles, and the United States government resolved to make another effort to move the remaining Seminoles to the West. The Third Seminole War lasted from 1855 to 1858, and resulted in the removal of most of the remaining Seminoles. Even after three bloody wars, the U.S. Army failed to force all of the Seminole Indians in Florida to the West.[16] Though most of the Seminoles were forcibly exiled to Creek lands west of the Mississippi, hundreds, including Seminole leader Aripeka (Sam Jones), remained in the Everglades and refused to leave the native homeland of their ancestors. Their descendants remain there to this day.
White settlers began to establish cotton plantations in Florida, which required numerous laborers. By 1860 Florida had only 140,424 people, of whom 44% were enslaved. There were fewer than 1000 free African Americans before the Civil War.[17]
On January 10, 1861, before the start of the American Civil War, Florida declared its secession from the Union; ten days later, the state became a founding member of the Confederate States of America. The war ended in 1865. On June 25, 1868, Florida's congressional representation was restored. After Reconstruction, white Democrats succeeded in regaining power in the state legislature. In 1885 they created a new constitution, followed by statutes through 1889 that effectively disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites over the next several years. Provisions included poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements. Disfranchisement for most African Americans in the state persisted until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s gained federal legislation to protect their suffrage.
Until the mid-20th century, Florida was the least populous Southern state. In 1900 its population was only 528,542, of whom nearly 44% were African American.[18] The boll weevil devastated cotton crops, and early 20th century lynchings and racial violence caused a record number of African Americans to leave the state in the Great Migration to northern and midwestern industrial cities. Forty thousand blacks, roughly one-fifth of their 1900 population, left for better opportunities.[19] Economic prosperity in the 1920s stimulated tourism to Florida. Combined with its sudden elevation in profile was the Florida land boom of the 1920s, which brought a brief period of intense land development. Devastating hurricanes in 1926 and 1928, followed by the stock market crash and Great Depression, brought that period to a halt.
Florida's economy did not fully recover until the buildup for World War II. The climate, tempered by the growing availability of air conditioning, and low cost of living made the state a haven. Migration from the Rust Belt and the Northeast sharply increased the population after the war. In recent decades, more migrants have come for the jobs in a developing economy. With a population of more than 18 million according to the 2010 census, Florida is the most populous state in the Southeastern United States, the second most populous state in the South behind Texas, and the fourth most populous in the United States.
-
St. Augustine is the oldest city in the United States, established in 1565 by Spain
-
Historic Ybor City in Tampa
-
The Downtown Miami Historic District has some of the oldest buildings in Miami
-
Miami Art Deco District, built throughout the 1920-1930s
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Florida
See also: List of counties in Florida and List of Florida state parks
Much of the state of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean and the Straits of Florida. Spanning two time zones, it extends to the northwest into a panhandle, extending along the northern Gulf of Mexico. It is bordered on the north by the states of Georgia and Alabama, and on the west, at the end of the panhandle, by Alabama. It is near several Caribbean countries, particularly The Bahamas and Cuba. Florida is one of the largest states east of the Mississippi River, and only Alaska and Michigan are larger in water area.
At 345 feet (105 m) above mean sea level, Britton Hill is the highest point in Florida and the lowest highpoint of any U.S. state.[20] Much of the state south of Orlando is low-lying and fairly level; however, some places, such as Clearwater, feature vistas that rise 50 to 100 feet (15 – 30 m) above the water. Much of Central and North Florida, typically 25 miles (40 km) or more away from the coastline, features rolling hills with elevations ranging from 100 to 250 feet (30 – 76 m). The highest point in peninsular Florida, Sugarloaf Mountain, is a 312-foot (95 m) peak in Lake County.[21]
Boundaries[link]
The state line begins in the Atlantic Ocean, traveling west, south, and north up the thalweg of the Saint Mary's River. At the origin of that river, it then follows a straight line nearly due west and slightly north, to the point where the confluence of the Flint River (from Georgia) and the Chattahoochee River (down the Alabama/Georgia line) used to form Florida's Apalachicola River. (Since Woodruff Dam was built, this point has been under Lake Seminole.) The border with Georgia continues north through the lake for a short distance up the former thalweg of the Chattahoochee, then with Alabama runs due west along latitude 31°N to the Perdido River, then south along its thalweg to the Gulf via Perdido Bay. The water boundary is 3 nautical miles (3.5 mi; 5.6 km) offshore in the Atlantic Ocean[22] and 9 nautical miles (10 mi; 17 km) offshore in the Gulf of Mexico.[22] Much of the state is at or near sea level.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Florida
The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is very distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), while coastal areas south of the lake (including the Florida Keys) have a true tropical climate (Köppen: Aw).[23] Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s Fahrenheit (32–34 °C). Mean low temperatures for early to mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to the mid-50s (≈13 °C) in southern Florida. With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country.[24]
In the summer, high temperatures in the state seldom exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Several record cold maxima have been in the 30s °F (−1 to 4 °C) and record lows have been in the 10s (−12 to −7 °C). These temperatures normally extend at most a few days at a time in the northern and central parts of Florida. Southern Florida, however, rarely encounters freezing temperatures.
The hottest temperature ever recorded in Florida was 109 °F (43 °C), which was set on June 29, 1931 in Monticello. The coldest temperature was −2 °F (−19 °C), on February 13, 1899, just 25 miles (40 km) away, in Tallahassee.
Due to the tropical climate Florida rarely receives snow. However, on very rare occasions, a combination of cold moisture and freezing temperatures can result in snowfall. Frost is more common than snow, occurring several times during the winter months.
The USDA Plant hardiness zones for the state range from zone 8a (no colder than 10 °F (−12 °C)) in the inland western panhandle to zone 11 (no colder than 40 °F (4 °C)) in the lower Florida Keys.[25]
Florida's nickname is the "Sunshine State", but severe weather is a common occurrence in the state. Central Florida is known as the lightning capital of the United States, as it experiences more lightning strikes than anywhere else in the country. [26] Florida has the highest average precipitation of any state,[citation needed] in large part because afternoon thunderstorms are common in most of the state from late spring until early autumn. A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually.[27]
Florida leads the United States in tornadoes per area (when including waterspouts)[28] but they do not typically reach the intensity of those in the Midwest and Great Plains. Hail often accompanies the most severe thunderstorms.
Hurricanes pose a severe threat during hurricane season, which lasts from June 1 to November 30, although some storms have been known to form out of season. Florida is the most hurricane-prone state, with subtropical or tropical water on a lengthy coastline. From 1851 to 2006, Florida has been struck by 114 hurricanes, 37 of them major—category 3 and above.[29] It is rare for a hurricane season to pass without any impact in the state by at least a tropical storm. For storms, category 4 or higher, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas.[29] August to October is the most likely period for a hurricane in Florida.
In 2004, Florida was hit by a record four hurricanes. Hurricanes Charley (August 13), Frances (September 4–5), Ivan (September 16), and Jeanne (September 25–26) cumulatively cost the state's economy $42 billion. Additionally, the four storms caused an estimated $45 billion in damage. [30] In 2005, Hurricane Dennis (July 10) became the fifth storm to strike Florida within eleven months. Later, Hurricane Katrina (August 25) passed through South Florida and Hurricane Rita (September 20) swept through the Florida Keys. Hurricane Wilma (October 24) made landfall near Cape Romano, just south of Marco Island, finishing another very active hurricane season. Wilma is the second most expensive hurricane in Florida history, due in part to a five year window in which to file claims.[31]
Florida was the site of the second costliest weather disaster in U.S. history, Hurricane Andrew, which caused more than $25 billion in damage when it struck on August 24, 1992. In a long list of other infamous hurricane strikes are the 1926 Miami hurricane, the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, Hurricane Donna in 1960, and Hurricane Opal in 1995. Recent research suggests the number of storms are part of a natural cycle which rises in some years, falls in others.[32][33]
| Average High and Low temperatures for various Florida Cities | ||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| Jacksonville[34] | 65/42 | 68/45 | 74/50 | 79/55 | 86/63 | 90/70 | 92/73 | 91/73 | 87/69 | 80/61 | 74/51 | 67/44 |
| Key West[35] | 75/65 | 76/66 | 79/69 | 82/72 | 85/76 | 88/78 | 89/80 | 90/80 | 88/78 | 85/76 | 80/71 | 76/67 |
| Melbourne[36] | 72/51 | 73/53 | 77/57 | 81/61 | 85/67 | 88/71 | 90/73 | 90/73 | 88/72 | 83/67 | 78/60 | 73/53 |
| Miami[37] | 76/60 | 78/62 | 80/65 | 83/68 | 87/73 | 89/76 | 91/77 | 91/77 | 89/76 | 86/73 | 82/68 | 78/63 |
| Orlando[36] | 71/49 | 74/52 | 78/56 | 83/60 | 88/66 | 91/72 | 92/74 | 92/74 | 90/73 | 85/66 | 78/59 | 73/52 |
| Pensacola[38] | 61/43 | 64/46 | 70/51 | 76/58 | 84/66 | 89/72 | 90/74 | 90/74 | 87/70 | 80/60 | 70/50 | 63/45 |
| Tallahassee[39] | 64/39 | 68/42 | 74/47 | 80/52 | 87/62 | 91/70 | 92/72 | 92/72 | 89/68 | 82/57 | 73/48 | 66/41 |
| Tampa[40] | 70/51 | 73/54 | 77/58 | 81/62 | 88/69 | 90/74 | 90/75 | 91/76 | 89/74 | 85/67 | 78/60 | 72/54 |
-
The Royal Poinciana grows in South Florida and blooms in the winter, an indication of South Florida's tropical climate
-
Summer afternoon showers from the Everglades traveling eastward over Downtown Miami
-
Fall foliage occurs annually in North and Central Florida.
-
Snow is uncommon in Florida, but has occurred in every major Florida city at least once.
-
Winter in Miami. Miami's mild winters make it a major tourist destination in the winter.
Fauna[link]
Further information: List of mammals of Florida
Florida is host to many types of wildlife including:
- Marine Mammals: Bottlenose Dolphin, Short-finned Pilot Whale, North Atlantic Right Whale, West Indian Manatee
- Mammals: Florida panther, Northern River Otter, Mink, Eastern Cottontail Rabbit, Marsh Rabbit, Raccoon, Striped Skunk, Squirrel, White-tailed deer, Key Deer, Bobcats, Gray Fox, Coyote, Wild Boar, Florida Black Bear, Nine-banded Armadillos
- Reptiles: Eastern Diamondback and Pygmy Rattlesnakes, Gopher Tortoise, Green and Leatherback Sea Turtles, and Eastern Indigo Snake. In 2012, there were about one million American Alligators and 1,500 Crocodiles.[41]
- Birds: Bald Eagle, Northern Caracara, Snail Kite, Osprey, White and Brown Pelicans, Sea Gulls, Whooping and Sandhill Cranes, Roseate Spoonbill, Florida Scrub Jay (state endemic), and others. One subspecies of Wild Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, namely subspecies osceola, is found only in the state of Florida.[42] The state is a wintering location for many species of eastern North American birds.
- Invertebrates: carpenter ants, termites, American cockroach, Africanized bees, the Miami blue butterfly, and the grizzled mantis.
The only known calving area for the Northern Right Whale is off the coasts of Florida and Georgia.[43]
The native bear population has risen from a historic low of 300 in the 1970s, to 3,000 in 2011.[44]
Since their accidental importation from South America into North America in the 1930s, the Red imported fire ant population has increased its territorial range to include most of the Southern United States, including Florida. They are more aggressive than most native ant species and have a painful sting.[45]
A number of non-native snakes and lizards have been released in the wild. In 2010 the state created a hunting season for Burmese and Indian pythons, African rock pythons, green anacondas, and Nile monitor lizards.[46] Green iguanas have also established a firm population in the southern part of the state.
-
Key Deer in the lower Florida Keys
-
The Florida Scrub Jay is found only in Florida.
-
Florida Panther, native of South Florida
-
Babyleatherbackseaturtle.jpg
Environmental issues[link]
Main article: Environment of Florida
File:Crandon Park Modified.jpg
The beaches of Key Biscayne in Miami
Florida is a low per capita energy user.[47] It is estimated that approximately 4% of energy in the state is generated through renewable resources.[48] Florida's energy production is 6% of the nation's total energy output, while total production of pollutants is lower, with figures of 5.6% for nitrogen oxide, 5.1% for carbon dioxide, and 3.5% for sulfur dioxide.[48]
It is believed that significant petroleum resources are located off Florida's western coast in the Gulf of Mexico, but that region has been closed to exploration since 1981.[49]
Red tide has been an issue on the southwest coast of Florida, as well as other areas. While there has been a great deal of conjecture over the cause of the toxic algae bloom, there is no evidence that it is being caused by pollution or that there has been an increase in the duration or frequency of red tides.[50]
The Florida panther is close to extinction. A record 23 were killed in 2009 predominately by automobile collisions, leaving only about 100 individuals in the wild. The Center for Biological Diversity and others have therefore called for a special protected area for the panther to be established.[51] Manatees are also dying at a rate higher than their reproduction.
Prior to instituting controlled burns, the state forests and pastures burned for months during the dry season. From the 1940s to the 1970s, the state and federal government assumed control of burning that largely prevented uncontrolled fires.[52] In 2010, the state burned a record 2,600,000 acres (11,000 km2).[53]
Recycling[link]
The recycling rate in Florida is estimated at 28% in 2000.[54] In 2008, The Energy, Climate Change, and Economic Security Act of 2008 set a goal of progressively improving recycling to reach a 75 percent rate by the year 2020.
It directs public entities (schools, state and local public agencies) to report the amount they recycle annually to their counties. Private businesses are encouraged (but not mandated) to report the amount they recycle to their counties. Finally, the section directs DEP to create the Recycling Business Assistance Center.[55] Under the new law, each county must implement a recyclable materials recycling program that shall have a goal of recycling recyclable solid waste by 40 percent by December 31, 2012, 50 percent by 2014, 60 percent by 2016, 70 percent by 2018, and 75 percent by 2020.[56] The county with the highest recycling rate is Lee County with a 43% recycling rate as of 2008.[57]
Geology[link]
The Florida peninsula is a porous plateau of karst limestone sitting atop bedrock known as the Florida Platform. The emergent portion of the platform was created during the Eocene to Oligocene as the Gulf Trough filled with silts, clays, and sands. Flora and fauna began appearing during the Miocene. No land animals were present in Florida prior to the Miocene.
The largest deposits of potash in the United States are found in Florida.[58]
Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna.[59] The Everglades, an enormously wide, very slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010.[60]
Florida is tied for last place[61] as having the fewest earthquakes of any US state.[62] Because Florida is not located near any tectonic plate boundaries, earthquakes are very rare, but not totally unknown.
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake triggered a tsunami that would have struck Central Florida with an estimated 5-foot (1.5 m) wave.[63]
In January, 1879, a shock of Mercalli intensity scale VI occurred near St. Augustine. There were reports of heavy shaking that knocked plaster from walls and articles from shelves. Similar effects were noted at Daytona Beach 50 miles (80 km) south. The tremor was felt as far south as Tampa and as far north as Savannah, Georgia.
In January 1880, Cuba was the center of two strong earthquakes that sent severe shock waves through the city of Key West, Florida.[64]
The shock from the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake was felt throughout northern Florida, ringing church bells at St. Augustine and severely jolting other towns along that section of Florida's east coast. Jacksonville residents felt many of the strong aftershocks that occurred in September, October, and November 1886.[65]
In 2006, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake centered about 260 miles (420 km) southwest of Tampa in the Gulf of Mexico sent shock waves through southwest and central Florida. The earthquake was too small to trigger a tsunami and no damage was reported.[66]|
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Bahia Honda in the Florida Keys
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Ocala National Forest in North Florida
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Florida
Population[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1830 | 34,730 |
|
|
| 1840 | 54,477 | 56.9% | |
| 1850 | 87,445 | 60.5% | |
| 1860 | 140,424 | 60.6% | |
| 1870 | 187,748 | 33.7% | |
| 1880 | 269,493 | 43.5% | |
| 1890 | 391,422 | 45.2% | |
| 1900 | 528,542 | 35.0% | |
| 1910 | 752,619 | 42.4% | |
| 1920 | 968,470 | 28.7% | |
| 1930 | 1,468,211 | 51.6% | |
| 1940 | 1,897,414 | 29.2% | |
| 1950 | 2,771,305 | 46.1% | |
| 1960 | 4,951,560 | 78.7% | |
| 1970 | 6,789,443 | 37.1% | |
| 1980 | 9,746,324 | 43.6% | |
| 1990 | 12,937,926 | 32.7% | |
| 2000 | 15,982,378 | 23.5% | |
| 2010 | 18,801,310 | 17.6% | |
| Sources: 1910–2010[67] | |||
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 19,057,542 on July 1, 2011, a 1.36% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[68] The center of population of Florida is located in Polk County, in the town of Lake Wales.[69] As of 2009, Florida's population was estimated to be 18,537,969. The state grew 128,814, or 0.7% from 2007. Using the latest population estimates, Florida is the nation's thirtieth-fastest-growing state. During Florida's recent peak growth year of 2005, it was the nation's fifth fastest growing state and grew at an annual rate of 2.2%.[70]
About two-thirds of the population was born in another state, the second highest in the country.[71]
The state had the third largest illegal immigrant population in the country in 2009.[72] In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 5.7% of the population. This was the sixth highest percentage of any state in the country.[73][74] There were an estimated 675,000 illegal immigrants in the state in 2010.[75]
There were 186,102 military retirees living in the state in 2008.[76]
Racial makeup[link]
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, Florida had a population of 18,801,310. In terms of race and ethnicity, the state was:
- 75.0% White (57.9% Non-Hispanic White alone)
- 16.0% Black or African American
- 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native
- 2.4% Asian
- 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
- 3.6% from Some Other Race
- 2.5% from Two or More Races
- Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 22.5% of the population.[77]
Ancestry groups[link]
The largest reported ancestries in the 2000 Census were German (11.8%), Irish (10.3%), English (9.2%), American (8%), Italian (6.3%), Cuban (5.2%), Puerto Rican (3.0%) French (2.8%), Polish (2.7%) and Scottish (1.8%).[78]
In the 2000 Census, 1,278,586 people in Florida self-identified as having "American" ancestry, most of these people are of English descent and some are of Scots-Irish descent however have families that have been in the state so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they choose to identify simply as having "American" ancestry or do not in fact know their own ancestry.[78][79][80][81][82][83] In the 1980 United States census the largest ancestry group reported in Florida was English with 2,232,514 Floridians citing that they were of English or mostly English ancestry.[84] Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today simply claim "American" ancestry, though they are of predominately English stock. They were followed by Irish at 1,617,433.
Before the American Civil War, when slavery was legal, and during the Reconstruction era that followed, blacks made up nearly half of the state's population.[85] Their proportion declined over the next century, as many moved north in the Great Migration while large numbers of northern whites moved to the state. In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population.[86] Recently, the state's proportion of black residents has begun to grow again. Today, large concentrations of black residents can be found in northern Florida (notably in Jacksonville, Gainesville, Tallahassee, and Pensacola), the Tampa Bay area, the Orlando area, especially in Orlando and Sanford.
Florida's Hispanic population includes large communities of Cuban Americans in Miami and Tampa, Puerto Ricans in Orlando and Tampa, and Central American migrant workers in inland West-Central and South Florida. The Hispanic community continues to grow more affluent and mobile.
White Americans of all European backgrounds are present in all areas of the state. Those of English and Irish ancestry are present in large numbers in all the urban/suburban areas across the state. Native white Floridians, especially those who have descended from long-time Florida families, affectionately refer to themselves as "Florida crackers". Like whites in most of the other Southern states, they descend mainly from English and Scots-Irish settlers, as well as some other British settlers.[87]
Cities and metropolitan areas[link]
See also: List of urbanized areas in Florida (by population), Florida census statistical areas, List of municipalities in Florida, and Florida locations by per capita income
File:Floridamap2.png
Largest cities in Florida and Metropolitan Statistical Areas
| Largest cities in Florida | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Year of Incorporation | Metropolitan Area | Population (2010 census) |
Population Density (people per mi2) |
City's Size (mi2) |
| 1 | Jacksonville | 1832 | Greater Jacksonville | &10000000000821784000000821,784 | &100000000000010615999991,061.6 | &10000000000000885000000885 |
| 2 | Miami | 1896 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000408568000000408,568 | &1000000000001213950000012,139.5 | &1000000000000005529999955.3 |
| 3 | Tampa | 1855 | Tampa Bay | &10000000000335709000000335,709 | &100000000000029695999992,969.6 | &10000000000000170599999170.6 |
| 4 | Saint Petersburg | 1903 | Tampa Bay | &10000000000244769000000244,769 | &100000000000018000000001,800 | &10000000000000137599999137.6 |
| 5 | Orlando | 1885 | Greater Orlando | &10000000000238300000000238,300 | &100000000000023273000002,327.3 | &10000000000000110700000110.7 |
| 6 | Hialeah | 1925 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000224669000000224,669 | &1000000000001170120000011,701.2 | &1000000000000001969999919.7 |
| 7 | Tallahassee | 1825 | Tallahassee | &10000000000181376000000181,376 | &100000000000018092999991,809.3 | &10000000000000103099999103.1 |
| 8 | Fort Lauderdale | 1911 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000165521000000165,521 | &100000000000052218000005,221.8 | &1000000000000003600000036.0 |
| 9 | Port Saint Lucie | 1961 | Port St. Lucie | &10000000000164603000000164,603 | &100000000000014445000001,444.5 | &1000000000000007670000076.7 |
| 10 | Pembroke Pines | 1960 | Miami-South Florida | &10000000000154750000000154,750 | &100000000000046718999994,671.9 | &1000000000000003439999934.4 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
The largest metropolitan area in the state as well as the entire southeastern United States is the South Florida metropolitan area, with about 5.5 million people. The Tampa Bay area, with over 2.7 million people, is the second largest metro area and Greater Orlando, with over 2.1 million people, is the third.
Florida has twenty Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Thirty-nine of Florida's sixty-seven counties are in an MSA. Reflecting the distribution of population in Florida, Metropolitan areas in the state are concentrated around the coast of the peninsula. They form a continuous band on the east coast of Florida, stretching from the Jacksonville MSA to the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach MSA, including every county on the east coast, with the exception of Monroe County. There is also a continuous band of MSAs on the west coast of the peninsula from the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA to the Naples-Marco Island MSA, including all of the coastal counties from Hernando County to Collier County. The interior of the northern half of the peninsula also has several MSAs, connecting the east and west coast MSAs. A few MSAs are scattered across the Florida panhandle.
-
Sarasota Florida - 83d40m - from mainland across bay front to Gulf of Mexico - new bridge.JPG
Languages[link]
As of 2005, 74.54% of Florida residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a first language, while 18.65% spoke Spanish, and French Creole (almost entirely Haitian Creole) was spoken by 1.73% of the population. In all, 25.45% of Florida's population age 5 and older spoke a language other than English.[88]
Florida's public education system identified over 150 first languages other than English spoken in the homes of students.[citation needed] In 1990, the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) won a class action lawsuit against the state Florida Department of Education that required educators to be trained in teaching English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL).[citation needed]
Article II, Section 9, of the Florida Constitution provides that "English is the official language of the State of Florida." This provision was adopted in 1988 by a vote following an Initiative Petition.
Religion[link]
As of the year 2000, the three largest denominational groups in Florida are Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, and Mainline Protestant.[89]
Florida is mostly Protestant, but Roman Catholicism is the single largest denomination in the state. There is also a sizable Jewish community, located mainly in South Florida; this is the largest Jewish population in the south and the third largest in the country behind New York and California.[90] Florida's current religious affiliations are shown in the table below:[91]
- Roman Catholic, 26%
- Protestant, 48%
- Baptist, 9%
- Methodist, 6%
- Pentecostal, 3%
- Jewish, 3%
- Jehovah's Witness, 1%
- Muslim, 1%
- Orthodox, 1%
- other religions, 1%
- non-religious, 16%
Governance[link]
Main article: Government of Florida
See also: List of Florida Governors, United States Congressional Delegations from Florida, and Florida Cabinet
The basic structure, duties, function, and operations of the government of the state of Florida are defined and established by the Florida Constitution, which establishes the basic law of the state and guarantees various rights and freedoms of the people. The state government consists of three separate branches: judicial, executive, and legislative. The legislature enacts bills, which, if signed by the governor, become Florida Statutes.
The Florida Legislature comprises the Florida Senate, which has 40 members, and the Florida House of Representatives, which has 120 members. The current Governor of Florida is Rick Scott. The Florida Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and six Justices.
There are 67 Counties in Florida, but some reports show only 66 because of Duval County, which is consolidated with the City of Jacksonville. There are 379 cities in Florida (out of 411) that report regularly to the Florida Department of Revenue, but there are other incorporated municipalities that do not. The primary source of revenue for the state government is sales tax (Florida does not impose a personal income tax), but the primary revenue source for cities and counties is property tax.
Political history[link]
From 1885 to 1889, the state legislature passed statutes with provisions to reduce voting by blacks and poor whites, which had threatened white Democratic power with a populist coalition. As these groups were stripped from voter rolls, white Democrats established power in a one-party state, as happened across the South. In 1900 African Americans comprised 44% of the state's population,[92] the same proportion as before the Civil War, but they were effectively disfranchised. From 1877 to 1948, Florida voted for the Democratic candidate for president in every election except for the 1928 election.
In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the Great Migration, in waves from 1910–1940, and again starting in the later 1940s. They moved for jobs, better education for their children and the chance to vote and participate in society. Given migration of other groups into Florida (as noted in other sections of this article), by 1960 the proportion of African Americans in the state had declined to 18%.[93]
Further information: Political party strength in Florida
Since 1952, despite having a majority of registered Democrats, the state has voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for the 1964, 1976, and 1996 elections, when the Democrat was from the South, and the 2008 election, which was the first time since Franklin D. Roosevelt that Florida had voted for a Northern Democrat. The first post-reconstruction Republican congressional representative was elected in 1954.[94] The state's first post-reconstruction Republican senator was elected in 1968,[95] two years after the first post-reconstruction Republican governor.[96]
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 48.22% 4,045,624 | 50.96% 4,282,074 |
| 2004 | 52.10% 3,964,522 | 47.09% 3,583,544 |
| 2000 | 48.85% 2,912,790 | 48.84% 2,912,253 |
| 1996 | 42.32% 2,244,536 | 48.02% 2,546,870 |
| 1992 | 40.89% 2,173,310 | 39.00% 2,072,698 |
| 1988 | 60.87% 2,618,885 | 38.51% 1,656,701 |
| 1984 | 65.32% 2,730,350 | 34.66% 1,448,816 |
| 1980 | 55.52% 2,046,951 | 38.50% 1,419,475 |
| 1976 | 46.64% 1,469,531 | 51.93% 1,636,000 |
| 1972 | 71.91% 1,857,759 | 27.80% 718,117 |
| 1968 | 40.53% 886,804 | 30.93% 676,794 |
| 1964 | 48.85% 905,941 | 51.15% 948,540 |
| 1960 | 51.51% 795,476 | 48.49% 748,700 |
In 1998, Democrats were described as most dominant in areas of the state with high percentages of racial minorities, as well as transplanted white liberals coming primarily from the Northeastern United States.[97] The South Florida metropolitan area was a good example of this as it had a particularly high level of both racial minorities and white liberals. Because of this, the area has been one of the most Democratic areas of the state. The Daytona Beach area has been, to a lesser extent, somewhat similar to South Florida demographically and the city of Orlando had a large Hispanic population, which often favored Democrats. Republicans remain dominant throughout much of the rest of Florida particularly in the more rural and suburban areas, as is the case throughout the Deep South.[97]
The fast growing I-4 corridor area, which runs through Central Florida and connects the cities of Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, had a fairly similar number of both Republican and Democratic voters. The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion making it the biggest swing area in the state. In recent times, whichever way the I-4 corridor area, containing 40% of Florida voters, votes has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections.[98]
The Democratic Party has maintained an edge in voter registration, both statewide and in 40 of the 67 counties, including Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and Palm Beach County, the state's three most populous counties.[99]
There were 800 federal corruption convictions from 1988 to 2007, more than any other state.[100]
Recent elections[link]
Main article: United States presidential election in Florida, 2000
In 2000, George W. Bush won the U.S. Presidential election by a margin of 271–266 in the Electoral College.[101] Of the 271 electoral votes for Bush, 25 were cast by electors from Florida.[102] Reapportionment following the 2000 United States Census gave the state two more seats in the House of Representatives.[103]
Despite the Democratic advantage in registration, as of 2008, Republicans controlled the governorship and most other statewide elective offices; both houses of the state legislature; and 15 of the state's 25 seats in the House of Representatives. Florida has been listed as a swing state in Presidential elections since 1950, voting for the losing candidate once in that period of time.[104] In the closely contested 2000 election the state played a pivotal role.[101][102][105][106][107][108]
In 2008, delegates of both the Republican Florida primary election and Democratic Florida primary election were stripped of half of their votes when the conventions met in August due to violation of both parties' national rules.
In the 2010 elections, Republicans solidified their dominance state-wide, by winning the governor's mansion, maintaining firm majorities in both houses of the state legislature. They won four previously Democratic-held seats to create a 19–6 Republican majority delegation representing Florida in the federal House of Representatives. As a result of the 2010 United States Census, Florida will gain two House of Representative seats in 2012.[103]
Statutes[link]
All potable water resources have been controlled by the state government through five regional water authorities since 1972.[109]
The state repealed mandatory auto inspection in 1981.[110]
In 1972, the state made personal injury protection auto insurance mandatory for drivers, becoming the second in the nation to enact a no-fault insurance law. The ease of receiving payments under this law is seen as precipitating a major increase in insurance fraud.[111] Auto insurance fraud was the highest in the nation in 2011, estimated at close to $1 billion.[112] Fraud is particularly centered in the Miami-Dade metropolitan and Tampa areas.[113][114][115]
Law enforcement[link]
Further information: List of law enforcement agencies in Florida and Crime in Florida
Florida was ranked the fifth most dangerous state in 2009. Ranking was based on the record of serious felonies committed in 2008.[116]
The state was the sixth highest scammed state in 2010. It ranked first in mortgage fraud in 2009.[117]
In 2009, 44% of highway fatalities involved alcohol.[118]
Florida is one of seven states that prohibit the open carry of handguns. This law was passed in 1987.[119]
Health[link]
There were 2.7 million Medicaid patients in Florida in 2009. The governor has proposed adding $2.6 billion to care for the expected 300,000 additional patients in 2011.[120] The cost of caring for 2.3 million clients in 2010 was $18.8 billion.[121] This is nearly 30% of Florida's budget.[122]
Medicaid paid for 60% of all births in Florida in 2009.[31]
The state has a program for those not covered by Medicaid.
Some people suffer from various allergies from plants at varying seasons including pollen from oak trees and juniper shrubs.[123]
Architecture[link]
While many houses and commercial buildings look similar to those elsewhere in the country, the state has appropriated some unique styles in some section of the state including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style.[124][125]
Economy[link]
File:Brickell1.JPG
The Brickell Financial District in Miami contains the largest concentration of international banks in the United States.[126][127]
Historically, the economy of Florida was dependent on agricultural products such as citrus, sugar, cotton and cattle. In the twentieth century, tourism, industry, construction, international banking, biomedical and life sciences, healthcare research, simulation training, aerospace and defense, and commercial space travel have contributed.[citation needed]
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Florida in 2010 was $748 billion.[128] Its GDP is the fourth largest economy in the United States.[129] In 2010, it became the fourth largest exporter of trade goods.[130] The major contributors to the state's gross output in 2007 were general services, financial services, trade, transportation and public utilities, manufacturing and construction respectively. In 2010–11, the state budget was $70.5 billion, having reached a high of $73.8 billion in 2006–07.[131] Chief Executive Magazine name Florida the third "Best State for Business" in 2011.[132]
The economy is driven almost entirely by its nineteen metropolitan areas. In 2004, they had a combined total of 95.7% of the state's domestic product.[133]
Personal income[link]
Preliminary data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis shows that in 2011, per capita personal income was $39,563, ranking 27th in the nation.[134]
The state was one of the few states to not have a state minimum wage law of its own and was therefore obliged to follow federal minimum wage law. This changed in 2004, when voters passed a constitutional amendment establishing a state minimum wage and (unique among minimum wage laws) mandating that it be adjusted for inflation annually. For 2010, the calculated Florida minimum wage was lower than the federal rate of $7.25, so the federal rate controlled.[135]
Florida is one of the seven states that do not impose a personal income tax.
According to a study by Experian, Florida has 4 cities in the top 25 cities in the country with the most credit card debt.[136]
There were 2.4 million Floridians living in poverty in 2008. 18.4% of children 18 and younger were living in poverty.[137] Miami is the sixth poorest big city in the United States.[138]
The state also had the second-highest credit card delinquency rate, with 1.45% of cardholders in the state more than 90 days delinquent on one or more credit cards.[139]
In 2010, over 2.5 million Floridians were on food stamps, up from 1.2 million in 2007. To qualify, Floridians must make less than 133% of the federal poverty level, which would be under $29,000 for a family of four.[140]
Real estate[link]
In the early 20th century, land speculators discovered Florida, and businessmen such as Henry Plant and Henry Flagler developed railroad systems, which led people to move in, drawn by the weather and local economies. From then on, tourism boomed, fueling a cycle of development that overwhelmed a great deal of farmland.
Because of the collective effect on the insurance industry of the hurricane claims of 2004, homeowners insurance has risen 40% to 60% and deductibles have risen.[30]
At the end of the third quarter in 2008, Florida had the highest mortgage delinquency rate in the country, with 7.8% of mortgages delinquent at least 60 days.[139] A 2009 list of national housing markets that were hard hit in the real estate crash included a disproportionate number in Florida.[141] The early 21st century building boom left Florida with 300,000 vacant homes in 2009, according to state figures.[142] In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Floridians spent an average 49.1% of personal income on housing-related costs, the third highest percentage in the country.[143]
In the third quarter of 2009, there were 278,189 delinquent loans, 80,327 foreclosures.[144] Sales of existing homes for February 2010 was 11,890, up 21% from the same month in 2009. Only two metropolitan areas showed a decrease in homes sold: Panama City and Brevard County. The average sales price for an existing house was $131,000, 7% decrease from the prior year.[145][dubious – discuss]
Labor[link]
As of February 2011, the state's unemployment rate was 11.5%.[146]
In 2009, there were 89,706 federal workers employed within the state.[147]
In 2012, government was a top employer in all counties in the state. This was mainly due to the prevalence of teachers, whose school boards employ nearly 1 out of every 30 workers in the state. The military was the top employer in three counties.[148]
Agriculture and fishing[link]
Historically, Florida's economy was based upon cattle farming and agriculture (especially sugarcane, citrus, tomatoes, and strawberries).
The second largest industry is agriculture. Citrus fruit, especially oranges, are a major part of the economy, and Florida produces the majority of citrus fruit grown in the U.S.—in 2006 67% of all citrus, 74% of oranges, 58% of tangerines, and 54% of grapefruit. About 95% of commercial orange production in the state is destined for processing (mostly as orange juice, the official state beverage).[149] Citrus canker continues to be an issue of concern. Other products include sugarcane, strawberries, tomatoes and celery.[150] The state is the largest producer of sweet corn and green beans for the country.[151]
The Everglades Agricultural Area is a major center for agriculture. The environmental impact of agriculture—especially water pollution—is a major issue in Florida today.
In 2009, fishing was a $6 billion industry, employing 60,000 jobs for sports and commercial purposes.[152]
Mining[link]
Phosphate mining, concentrated in the Bone Valley, is the state's third-largest industry. The state produces about 75% of the phosphate required by farmers in the United States and 25% of the world supply, with about 95% used for agriculture (90% for fertilizer and 5% for livestock feed supplements) and 5% used for other products.[153]
Government[link]
Since the arrival of the NASA Merritt Island launch sites on Cape Canaveral (most notably Kennedy Space Center) in 1962, Florida has developed a sizable aerospace industry.
Another major economic engine in Florida is the United States Military. There are currently 24 military bases in the state, housing three Unified Combatant Commands; United States Central Command in Tampa, United States Southern Command in Doral, and United States Special Operations Command in Tampa. There are 109,390 U.S. military personnel currently stationed in Florida,[154] contributing, directly and indirectly, $52 billion a year to the state's economy.[155]
Industry[link]
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After the watershed events of Hurricane Andrew in 1992, the State of Florida began investing in economic development through OTTED (Office of Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development). Governor Jeb Bush realized that watershed events such as Andrew negatively impacted Florida's backbone industry of tourism severely. The office was directed to target Medical/Bio-Sciences among others. Three years later, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) announced it had chosen Florida for its' newest expansion. In 2003, TSRI announced plans to establish a major science center in Palm Beach, a 364,000 square feet (33,800 m2) facility on 100 acres (40 ha), which TSRI planned to occupy in 2006[157].
At the same time that Scripps started operations in Florida, Tavistock Group, an investment firm that held 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of land immediately South East of Orlando International Airport began formulating new possibilities for its land use after the decline in tourism to the state. Tavistock decided to use part of the land to establish a Bio-Sciences cluster. In 2005, the State of Florida along with Tavistock Group and the University of Central Florida agreed that Tavistock would donate 50 acres (20 ha) and $12.5 Million (which the state would match for a total of $25 Million) to start the UCF College of Medicine and the Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences. The UCF College of Medicine won approval from the State Board of Governors in 2006. That decision was key to attracting Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute to Central Florida. Tavistock then donated another 50 acres (20 ha) and $17.5 Million to Sanford-Burnham which allowed Sanford-Burnham's East Coast expansion. In February and March 2007, Nemours and the The V/A(respectively) announced Lake Nona as the site of two new hospitals.[citation needed]
Other prospective tenants of the Lake Nona Medical City included M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, the University of Florida research center, and Valencia Community College.[citation needed]
It was determined in 2008 from a study done by Arduin, Laffer and Moore Econometrics that the Lake Nona Medical City cluster has in two years reached 80% of the Milken Numbers which were based on the commitments made by the economic development statements. The study then released new projections for the 10 year period which included 30,000 jobs created and a $7.6 Billion economic impact.[158]
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Florida has become a simulation training cluster.[citation needed] There are the aerospace and defense industries. Companies have expanded. The Electronic Arts Tiburon, the division responsible for popular games such as the Madden NFL series as well as other sports games, has given way to a cluster of highly skilled digital media workers who transformed their craft into simulation and simulation training. The United States Military has been the driving force and primary client of these simulation training firms.[citation needed] It has since spilled over into local police and fire agencies across the country and across the world. Aviation simulation has also benefited greatly from the advances of the Central Florida simulation training cluster.[citation needed]
Tourism[link]
Tourism makes up the largest sector of the state economy. Warm weather and hundreds of miles of beaches attract about 60 million visitors to the state every year. Florida was the top destination state in 2011. 42% of poll respondents living in the Northeast United States said they planned on visiting Florida over spring break.[159]
Amusement parks, especially in the Orlando area, make up a significant portion of tourism. The Walt Disney World Resort is the largest vacation resort in the world, consisting of four theme parks and more than 20 hotels in Lake Buena Vista, Florida; it, and Universal Orlando Resort, Busch Gardens, SeaWorld, and other major parks drive state tourism. Many beach towns are also popular tourist destinations, particularly in the winter months. 23.2 million tourists visited Florida beaches in 2000, spending $21.9 billion.[160]
The public has a right to beach access under the public trust doctrine. However, some areas have access effectively blocked by private owners for a long distance.[161]
Energy[link]
Florida ranks 45th out of 50 states in total energy consumption per capita, despite the heavy reliance on air conditioners and pool pumps. This includes coal, natural gas, petroleum, and retail electricity sales.[47][not in citation given]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Florida
Florida's public primary and secondary schools are administered by the Florida Department of Education.
State University System[link]
The State University System of Florida was founded in 1905, and is governed by the Florida Board of Governors. During the 2010 academic year, 312,216 students attended one of these member institutions.
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FIU OE.JPG
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Palmcourt.jpg
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UNF Student Union pic.jpg
Private universities[link]
Florida's first private university, Stetson University, was founded in 1883. The Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida is an association of 28 private, educational institutions in the state.[162] This Association reported that their member institutions served over 121,000 students in the fall of 2006.[163]
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Nova Library West.JPG
Infrastructure[link]
Communication[link]
27% of Floridians exclusively own cell phones for communication; no landline. Nationally, figures vary from 13–35%, with the higher percentages an indication of lower income.[164]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Florida
Public transit[link]
Miami's public transportation is served by Miami-Dade Transit that runs Metrorail, a heavy rail rapid transit system, Metromover, a people mover train system in Downtown Miami, and Metrobus, Miami's bus system. Metrorail runs throughout Miami-Dade County and has two lines and 23 stations connecting to Downtown Miami's Metromover and Tri-Rail. Metromover has three lines and 21 stations throughout Downtown Miami. Outside of Miami-Dade County, public transit in the South Florida metropolitan area is served by Broward County Transit and Palm Tran; intercounty commuter rail service is provided by Tri-Rail, with 18 stations including the region's three international airports.
Orlando utilizes the LYNX bus system as well as a downtown bus service called LYMMO, and has attempted to plan a local light rail service for years. A commuter rail service – SunRail – has been approved by all concerning counties and is in final planning stages.
Tampa and its surrounding area use the Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority system ( "HART"). In addition, downtown Tampa has continuous trolley services in the form of a heritage trolley powered by Tampa Electric Company. Pinellas County and St. Petersburg provide similar services through the Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority or "PSTA". The beaches of Pinellas County also have a continuous trolley bus. Downtown St. Petersburg has a trolley system.
| Public transit usage in Florida | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Daily weekday passenger ridership |
Population served |
% Daily transit riders |
Modes of transit |
| 1 | Miami | 369,600[165] | 2,496,435 | 14.8% | Tri-Rail (commuter rail), Miami Metrorail (heavy rail), Metromover (people mover), & Metrobus |
| 2 | Fort Lauderdale | 125,710 | 1,748,066 | 7.2% | Tri-Rail (commuter rail), & Broward County Transit (bus) |
| 3 | Orlando | 84,061 | 2,134,411 | 3.9% | LYNX (bus) |
| 4 | Tampa | 40,000[166] | 1,229,226 | 3.2% | HART (bus), & TECO Line Streetcar |
| 5 | West Palm Beach | 34,000[166] | 1,320,134 | 2.6% | Tri-Rail (commuter rail), & Palm Tran (bus) |
| 6 | Jacksonville | 28,220 | 821,784 | 3.4% | Jacksonville Transportation Authority: Bus, and JTA Skyway (people mover) |
Highways[link]
Further information: State Roads in Florida
Florida's interstates, state highways and U.S. Highways are maintained by the Florida Department of Transportation. Florida's interstate highway system contains 1,473 miles (2,371 km) of highway, and there are 9,934 miles (15,987 km) of non-interstate highway in the state, such as Florida state highways and U.S. Highways.
In 2011, there were about 9,000 retail gas stations in the state.On an average day, Floridians consume 21 million gallons of gasoline, ranking it third in national use.[167][168]
Motorists have the 45th worst rate of car insurance in the country. 24% are uninsured.[169] Drivers between 15 and 19 years of age averaged 364 car crashes a year per ten thousand licensed Florida drivers in 2010. Drivers 70 and older averaged 95 per 10,000 during the same time frame. A spokesperson for the non-profit Insurance Institute said that "Older drivers are more of a threat to themselves."[170]
State highways are numbered according to convention. The first digits of state highways[171] are numbered with the first digit indicating what area of the state the road is in, from 1 in the north and east to 9 in the south and west. Major north-south state roads generally have one- or two-digit odd route numbers that increase from east to west, while major east-west state roads generally have one- or two-digit even route numbers that increase from north to south. Roads of secondary importance usually have three-digit route numbers. The first digit x of their route number is the same as the first digit of the road with two-digit number x0 to the immediate north. The three-digit route numbers also increase from north to south for even numbers and east to west for odd numbers.
Following this convention, State Road 907, or Alton Rd. on Miami Beach, is farther east than State Road 997, which is Krome Ave, or the farthest west north-south road in Miami-Dade County. One notable exception to the convention is State Road 826, or the Palmetto Expressway (pictured at the right heading north) which, although even numbered, is signed north-south. State roads can have anywhere from one to four digits depending on the importance and location of the road.[172] County roads often follow this same system.
Prior to the construction of routes under the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, Florida began construction of a long cross-state toll road, Florida's Turnpike. The first section, from Fort Pierce south to the Golden Glades Interchange was completed in 1957. After a second section north through Orlando to Wildwood (near present-day The Villages), and a southward extension around Miami to Homestead, it was finished in 1974.
Florida's primary interstate routes include:
I-4, which bisects the state, connecting Tampa, Lakeland, Orlando, and Daytona Beach, connecting with I-95 in Daytona Beach and I-75 in Tampa.
I-10, which traverses the panhandle, connecting Jacksonville, Lake City, Tallahassee and Pensacola, with junctions with I-95 in Jacksonville and I-75 in Lake City.
I-75, which enters the state near Lake City (45 miles (72 km) west of Jacksonville) and continues southward through Gainesville, Ocala, Tampa's eastern suburbs, Bradenton, Sarasota, Fort Myers and Naples, where it crosses the "Alligator Alley" as a toll road to Fort Lauderdale before turning southward and terminating in Hialeah/Miami Lakes having junctions with I-10 in Lake City and I-4 in Tampa.
I-95, which enters the state near Jacksonville and continues along the Atlantic Coast through Daytona Beach Melbourne/Titusville, Palm Bay, Vero Beach, Fort Pierce, Port Saint Lucie, Stuart, West Palm Beach, and Fort Lauderdale before terminating in Downtown Miami, with junctions with I-10 in Jacksonville and I-4 in Daytona Beach.
Intercity rail[link]
Florida is served by Amtrak, operating numerous lines throughout, connecting the state's largest cities to points north in the United States and Canada. The busiest Amtrak train stations in Florida in 2011 were: Sanford (259,944), Orlando (179,142), Tampa Union Station (140,785), Miami (94,556), and Jacksonville (74,733).[173] Sanford, in Greater Orlando, is the southern terminus of the Amtrak Auto Train, which originates at Lorton, Virginia, south of Washington, D.C.. Orlando is also the eastern terminus of the Sunset Limited, which travels across the southern United States via New Orleans, Houston, and San Antonio to its western terminus of Los Angeles. Florida is served by two additional Amtrak trains (the Silver Star and the Silver Meteor), which operate between New York City and Miami. Miami Central Station, the city's new union station is under construction, and is expected to be completed in 2013.
The South Florida Metro Area is connected by Tri-rail, a 70.9 miles (114.1 km) long line with 18 stations which operates on Amtrak rails.
The Florida Department of Transportation was preparing to build a high speed rail between Tampa, Lakeland and Orlando.[174] This was to be the first phase of the Florida High Speed Rail system.[175] Soil work began in July 2010[176][177] and construction of the line was slated to begin in 2011, with the initial Tampa-Orlando phase completed by 2014.[178] The second phase, would have extended the line to Miami. Governor Scott, however, refused federal funds and the project has been canceled.
Airports[link]
See also: List of airports in Florida
Major international airports in Florida which processed more than 15 million passengers each in 2010 are Miami International Airport (35,698,025), Orlando International Airport (34,877,899), Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (22,412,627) and Tampa International Airport (16,645,765).
Secondary airports, with annual passenger traffic exceeding 5 million each in 2010, include Southwest Florida International Airport (Fort Myers) (7,514,316), Palm Beach International Airport (West Palm Beach) (5,887,723), and Jacksonville International Airport (5,601,500).[179]
Florida's extensive coastline made it a perceived target during World War II, so the government built airstrips throughout the state; today, approximately 400 airports are still in service. According to the National Drug Intelligence Center, Florida has 131 public airports, and more than 700 private airports, airstrips, heliports, and seaplane bases.[180]
Sports[link]
See also: Florida Sports Hall of Fame and List of sports teams in Florida
Fourteen, about half, of all Major League Baseball teams conduct spring training in the state. Throughout MLB history other teams, at one time or another, held spring training in Florida.
Yet Florida did not have a permanent major-league-level professional sports team until the American Football League added the Miami Dolphins in 1966. The state now has three NFL teams, two MLB teams, two NBA teams, and two NHL teams.
The state of Florida has given professional sports franchises some subsidies in the form of tax breaks since 1991.[181]
Three of the Arena Football League's teams are in Florida.
Golf, tennis, and auto racing are popular. NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major Series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway, and ends all three Series in November at Homestead-Miami Speedway. The PGA of America is headquartered in Palm Beach Gardens while the LPGA is headquartered in Daytona Beach.
Minor league baseball, football, basketball, ice hockey, soccer and indoor football teams are based in Florida. Florida's universities have a number of collegiate sport teams. Florida is the traditional home for Major League Baseball spring training, with teams informally organized into the "Grapefruit League".
| Club | League | Venue | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miami Dolphins | National Football League | Sun Life Stadium (Miami Gardens) | 2 (1972, 1973) |
| Miami Heat | National Basketball Association | American Airlines Arena (Miami) | 1 (2006) |
| Miami Marlins | Major League Baseball | Marlins Park (Miami) | 2 (1997, 2003) |
| Florida Panthers | National Hockey League | BankAtlantic Center (Sunrise) | 0 |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | National Football League | Raymond James Stadium (Tampa) | 1 (2003) |
| Tampa Bay Rays | Major League Baseball | Tropicana Field (St. Petersburg) | 0 |
| Tampa Bay Lightning | National Hockey League | Tampa Bay Times Forum (Tampa) | 1 (2004) |
| Orlando Magic | National Basketball Association | Amway Center (Orlando) | 0 |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | National Football League | EverBank Field (Jacksonville) | 0 |
Auto-racing tracks[link]
- Daytona International Speedway
- Homestead-Miami Speedway
- Sebring International Raceway
- Streets of St. Petersburg
- Walt Disney World Speedway
- Palm Beach International Raceway
Sister states[link]
| Sister jurisdiction | Country | Year[182] |
|---|---|---|
| Languedoc-Roussillon |  France |
1989 |
| Taiwan Province |  Taiwan, R.O.C. |
1992 |
| Wakayama Prefecture | Japan |
1995 |
| Western Cape |  South Africa |
1995 |
| Nueva Esparta |  Venezuela |
1999 |
| Kyonggi |  South Korea |
2000 |
See also[link]
|
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Florida
- List of people from Florida
- List of places in Florida
- Timeline of Florida History
References[link]
- ^ "Article 2, Section 9, Constitution of the State of Florida". State of Florida. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?mode=constitution&submenu=3&tab=statutes#A02S09. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
- ^ Florida — Languages. MLA. Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071201170638/http://http%3A//www.mla.org/map_data. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ^ a b c "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ a b "SB 230 – State Symbols/Fla. Cracker Horse/Loggerhead Turtle [RPCC"]. Florida House of Representatives. http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=37196&. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
- ^ "Köppen Climate Classification Map". John Abbott College, Geosciences Department. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www2.johnabbott.qc.ca/webpages/departments/geoscience/intro/Koppen/KoppenMap.htm. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ "Historic Feature: Juan Ponce de Leon Landing – Brevard County Parks and Recreation Department on Florida's Beautiful Space Coast". Brevard County Parks & Recreation. BrevardParks.com. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Cérémonies et Coutumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde"
- ^ Milanich, Jerald T. (1998). Florida's Indians From Ancient Time to the Present, pp. 12–37. University Press of Florida.
- ^ From the 1601 publication by the pre-eminent historian of 16th century Spanish exploration in America, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, in Stewart, George (1945). Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States. New York: Random House. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-1-59017-273-5.
- ^ Smith, Hale G., and Gottlob, Marc (1978). "Spanish-Indian Relationships: Synoptic History and Archaeological Evidence, 1500–1763". In Tacachale: Essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the Historic Period. Edited by Jerald Milanich and Samuel Proctor. Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-0535-5
- ^ Ehrenberg, Ralph E. "'Marvellous countries and lands' Notable Maps of Florida, 1507–1846", Archived August 3, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The name Florida, sometimes expanded to cover more of the present-day southeastern U.S., remained the most commonly used Spanish term, however, throughout the entire period. De Bow, J.D.B. (1857). De Bow's Review, Vol. XXII Third Series Vol. II. Washington, D.C. and New Orleans. pp. 303–305.
- ^ "From Florida", Daily National Intelligencer, January 27, 1836 (Library of Congress)
- ^ Tindall, George Brown, and David Emory Shi. (edition unknown) America: A Narrative History. W. W. Norton & Company. 412. ISBN 978-0-393-96874-3
- ^ Historical Census Browser, Retrieved October 31, 2007[dead link]
- ^ Historical Census Browser, 1900 Federal Census, University of Virginia [1][dead link]. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
- ^ Rogers, Maxine D.; Rivers, Larry E.; Colburn, David R.; Dye, R. Tom & Rogers, William W. (December 1993), "Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida in January 1923", p.5. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
- ^ Main, Martin B.; Allen, Ginger M. (July 2007). "The Florida Environment: An Overview". University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/UW268. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- ^ "Green Mountain Scenic Byway". Florida Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.state.fl.us/EMO/ScenicHWY/designated/greenmountain.htm. Retrieved January 23, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ a b Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (July 1, 2011). "State Costal Zone Boundaries". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/mystate/docs/StateCZBoundaries.pdf. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ^ Ritter, Michael. "Wet/Dry Tropical Climate". University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.uwsp.edu/geO/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/climate_classification.html. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ "Average Annual Temperature for Each US State". Current Results Nexus. http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/US/average-annual-state-temperatures.php. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ United States National Arboretum. "Florida Hardiness Zones". St Johns River Water Management District. http://publicserver2.sjrwmd.com/waterwise/hardiness_zones.html. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ "Lightning Information Center". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mlb/ltgcenter/ltgmain.html. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- ^ "united states annual sunshine map". HowStuffWorks, Inc. http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-sunshine-map.htm. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
- ^ Aten, Tim (July 1, 2007). "Waterspouts common off coastal Florida in summer". Naples Daily News. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2007/jul/01/waterspouts_common_coastal_florida_summer/?breaking_news. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- ^ a b Doe (March 28, 2009). "Florida is US lightning capital". Florida Today Factbook (Melbourne, Florida): 34.
- ^ a b "Weather, politics shook things up". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 1A. December 31, 2009.
- ^ a b Read, Matt (February 2, 2010). "Watchdog:Discounts may boost price for insurance". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 1B.
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- ^ "Vacation trends". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1E. March 13, 2011.
- ^ Waymer, Jim (February 15, 2010). "Beaches get pumped up". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 13A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20100215/NEWS01/2150312/Beaches-get-pumped-up. [dead link]
- ^ "Laying out an "unwelcome mat" to public beach access" (PDF). http://www.law.fsu.edu/Journals/Landuse/vol18_2/sullivan.pdf. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ "Official website of ICUF". Icuf.org. http://www.icuf.org/. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ Atherton, Blair (August 2006). "2005–2006 Accountability Report: Quality, Productivity, Diversity, and Access" (PDF). Archived from the original on September 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070925205651/http://www.icuf.org/_docs/2005-2006_Acct_Report.pdf. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
- ^ Alan Fram (April 20, 2011). "Arkansas, Mississippi rely on cellphones most". Florida Today. Florida Today. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/apr/20/arkansas-mississippi-rely-on-cellphones-most/?page=all.
- ^ http://www.miamidade.gov/transit/news_technical_reports.asp
- ^ a b http://www.gohart.org/departments/marketing/press/press-release-12-2-08.html
- ^ behind California and Texas
- ^ Moody, R. Norman (January 30, 2011). "Guidelines tight to drive a fuel tanker". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 2A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110130/NEWS01/101300318/Beachline-huge-artery-tankers.
- ^ "Recession Marked by Bump in Uninsured Motorists" (PDF). http://www.ircweb.org/news/ircum2011_042111.pdf. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
- ^ Kennerley, Britt (September 18, 2011). "Olde drivers take fewer risks". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 11A. http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110918/NEWS01/109180309/Aging-out-driver-s-seat. [dead link]
- ^ with some exceptions (such as State Road 112 connecting Interstate 95 to the Miami International Airport)
- ^ FHP State Road Listings[dead link]. Retrieved March 29, 2009. Archived August 22, 2008 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ www.amtrak.com/pdf/factsheets/FLORIDA11.pdf
- ^ "FLORIDA HIGH SPEED RAIL UPDATE:Regional Rail Briefing March 24, 2010, Lakeland" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. March 2010. http://www.floridahighspeedrail.org/uploads/LAKELAND_FHSR_PRESENTATION_MARCH_2010.pdf. Retrieved April 7, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Environmental Studies". Floridahighspeedrail.org. May 20, 2010. http://www.floridahighspeedrail.org/Environmental_Studies.html. Retrieved August 2, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Bullet Train Work Begins With Soil in I-4 Median". The Ledger. Lakeland, Florida. July 20, 2010. http://www.theledger.com/article/20100720/NEWS/7205036/1338. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ "Work begins on Florida's high speed rail". WTSP.com. July 19, 2010. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.wtsp.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=137356&catid=250. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
- ^ Jackovics, Ted. January 28, 2010, "Obama calls high speed rail funding a 'down payment'".[dead link] The Tampa Tribune (TBO.com).. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
- ^ www.aci-na.org/sites/default/files/_rankings-2010nam_.xls
- ^ "Florida Drug Threat Assessment-Overview". National Drug Intelligence Center. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs5/5169/overview.htm. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ Peltier, Michael (November 5, 2011). "Lawmaker's bill would fine teams that black out games". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 4B. http://www.cbs12.com/news/nfl-4736484-fasano-teams.html.
- ^ "Florida Sister City/Sister State Directory 2001" (PDF). State of Florida. 2001. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080627165012/http://internationalaffairs.flgov.com/pdf/sister.pdf. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
External links[link]
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- State website
- Florida at the Open Directory Project
- Florida State Guide, from the Library of Congress
- Florida travel guide from Wikitravel
Geographic data related to Florida at OpenStreetMap- Florida Memory Project Over 300,000 photographs and documents from the State Library & Archives of Florida
- Online collection of the Spanish Land Grants.
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Florida
- Florida Rivers and Watersheds – Florida DEP
- U.S. Census Bureau
- Economic and farm demographics fact sheet from the USDA
- Energy & Environmental Data For Florida
- List of searchable databases produced by Florida state agencies hosted by the American Library Association Government Documents Roundtable
- Heliconius charitonia, zebra longwing Florida state butterfly, on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- TerraFly Property Value and Aerial Imagery Spatio-temporal animation Real Estate Trends in Florida
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Coordinates: 28°06′N 81°36′W / 28.1°N 81.6°W / 28.1; -81.6
| Preceded by Michigan |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on March 3, 1845 (27th) |
Succeeded by Texas |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 Portis during the 2007 season. |
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| Running back | |||||||||
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Personal information
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| Date of birth: (1981-09-01) September 1, 1981 (age 30) | |||||||||
| Place of birth: Laurel, Mississippi | |||||||||
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Career information
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| College: University of Miami | |||||||||
| NFL Draft: 2002 / Round: 2 / Pick: 51 | |||||||||
| Debuted in 2002 for the Denver Broncos | |||||||||
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Career history
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Clinton Earl Portis (born September 1, 1981) is an American football running back who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the second round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Miami.
Portis played seven seasons as the starting running back for the Washington Redskins.
Contents |
College career[link]
 |
This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2008) |
Portis starred at the University of Miami. He considered going to the University of South Carolina but a fight that he had at Gainesville High School had his scholarship taken away. He became just the second true freshman to start at running back since the 1975 season. Portis set a school freshman record with five 100-yard performances, and led the team with 838 yards and eight touchdowns on 143 carries (5.9 avg.) in 10 games. He also caught four passes for 44 yards (11.0 avg.) and 2 touchdowns. When Portis was still a relative unknown, Lee Corso singled out Portis's performance during a defeat by Florida State for hustling and never giving up, saying "that kid can play for me any time".
Portis' sophomore season was not as successful as he lost his job to James Jackson and rushed for 485 yards and two touchdowns on 77 carries (6.3 avg.) in eight games. He also added 103 yards on five receptions (20.6 avg.).
However, Portis bounced back in 2001 as the Hurricanes won the National Championship and Portis had his best season rushing for 1,200 yards and 10 touchdowns on 220 carries (5.5 avg.). He also added 125 receiving yards. In the Rose Bowl against Nebraska, Portis ran for 104 yards and a touchdown. He also had a long touchdown reception called back on a holding call.
Professional career[link]
2002 NFL Draft[link]
Portis was drafted by the Denver Broncos with the 51st overall pick in the second round of the 2002 NFL Draft.
| Pre-draft measureables | |||||||||
| Wt | 40y | 20ss | 3-cone | Vert | BP | Wonderlic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 204 lb[1] | 4.35[2] | X | X | X | X | 20*[3] | |||
(* represents NFL Combine)
Denver Broncos[link]
Portis rushed for over 1,500 yards in each of his first two seasons with the Broncos, averaging 5.5 yards per carry in that span. The latter is an NFL record for a running back's first two seasons. On December 12, 2002, Portis became the youngest player (21 years, 105 days) to score 4 touchdowns in a game in a 31-24 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs. The very next season on December 7, 2003, Portis became the youngest player (22 years, 97 days) to score 5 touchdowns in a game.
Trade[link]
Before the 2004 season, the Broncos traded Portis to the Redskins for cornerback Champ Bailey and a second-round draft pick in the 2004 NFL Draft which the Broncos used to select Tatum Bell (and Bell wore Portis's number 26 in Denver). The Redskins signed Portis to an eight-year contract worth $50.5 million. At that time, there were criticisms regarding the trade, namely that shut-down corners like Bailey were hard to come by and that adding a second-round pick for Portis was too much and one-sided. Critics also felt that Portis was simply a product of the Broncos' O-line scheme, and would not have much success in Washington, which was usually suited to more physical, power runners (such as Stephen Davis or John Riggins).
Washington Redskins[link]
In the 2004 season, he had to adjust to coach Joe Gibbs' style of running, which consists of mostly power running. Despite taking his first Redskins carry 64 yards for a TD in the season opener against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, it was a somewhat rough adjustment for Portis because Denver's running style consisted of stretch runs and runs to the outside. The adjustment was made rougher by an offensive line that was depleted mainly due to injuries. He finished 2004 with 1,315 yards for a 3.8 yard rushing average. He had an especially tough time finding the end zone, finishing with eight total touchdowns (5 rushing, 2 receiving, and one passing). However, Portis bounced back in the 2005 season. Although Gibbs still ran a power style of football, he implemented more outside running plays into the Redskins rushing attack to better suit Portis' style of running. Portis had a much better season, proving that he can run inside as well as to the outside and was a better pass-blocker. Although he did not get into the end zone until the fifth game of the season, he finished strong and had 12 total touchdowns (11 rushing and one passing). On a 14-yard run against the Philadelphia Eagles on January 1, 2006, he broke the Redskins' franchise record for the most rushing yards in a season with 1,516 yards and tied the most 100+ yard games in a season (5). He ended the game with 112 rushing yards. By rushing for 1,516 yards, he became only the third runner in league history to reach 1,500 yards in three of his first four seasons.
Portis demonstrated his speed during the 2006 Redskins training camp, running a 4.26 second 40-yard dash. Shortly following that, on August 13, 2006, Portis suffered a partially dislocated shoulder in the first quarter of a Week 1 pre-season game after tackling Cincinnati Bengals cornerback Keiwan Ratliff following a Bengals interception. After the injury, Portis said: "I don't know why myself or any other player of my caliber should be playing in the preseason." He added, "I think for the last four years I've done enough to show the world I'm going to be ready for the season."
There was no immediate indication from the Redskins as to when Portis might return to active playing status.[4] However, he returned early into the Redskins' Monday Night Football game against the Minnesota Vikings, where he gained 39 yards on 10 carries with one touchdown. The Redskins lost 19-16, the clock expiring as Redskins kicker John Hall missed wide left on a field goal. Portis rebounded the last two weeks with 16 carries for 86 yards and 2 touchdowns against the Houston Texans, and 27 carries for 112 yards and a touchdown against the Jacksonville Jaguars.
Nagged by injuries all season, Portis suffered another setback in the first quarter of the Redskins' November 12 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. Portis left the game with a hand injury and was replaced by backup Ladell Betts. X-rays revealed that Portis broke his right hand during the game. He was operated on and placed on the Redskins' Injured Reserve list three days later, on November 15.[5]
Redskins agreed to guarantee Portis' 2008-2009 and a large portion of his 2010 base salaries in March. This will equal up to $15 million dollars in guarantees. Portis, also got a $9.32 million "signing bonus" upon restructuring.[6]
2007[link]
In May 2007, Portis weighed in on the recent legal problems Michael Vick started to embroil himself in, the upcoming charges would include dogfighting, which is a felony. Portis took a controversial view of the situation stating, "I don't know if he was fighting dogs or not, but it's his property, it's his dog," Washington Redskins running back Clinton Portis told WAVY-TV in Virginia. "If that's what he wants to do, do it. I think people should mind their business."[7] He further went on to state in the same interview that "I know a lot of back roads that have the dog fighting if you want to go see it." Later that same Monday, he released a statement through the Redskins' website quickly backtracking on his previous statements, "In the recent interview I gave concerning dog fighting, I want to make it clear I do not take part in dog fighting or condone dog fighting in any manner."
2008[link]
In 2008, Portis fell just short of what would have been his fourth 1500 yard rushing season in seven years, finishing with 1487 yards and an average of 4.3 yards per carry. His season was highlighted by a five week stretch in which Portis gained nearly 700 yards, ending in an October 26 victory over the Detroit Lions. During this span Clinton Portis joined O.J. Simpson as the only players in NFL history to rush for at least 120 yards in five consecutive games twice in a career (Portis first did it over two seasons with four games with Denver in 2003 and one game with Washington in 2004). Portis led the NFL in rushing as late as November 23 before nagging injuries and limited playing time slowed him down; he gained only 281 yards in his final five games as the Redskins lost four of five to miss the playoffs. Despite this, he was selected to the Pro Bowl over DeAngelo Williams, despite Williams having better stats at the end of the season.
Some controversy was caused on December 9, 2008 when Clinton Portis made negative statements about Redskins coach Jim Zorn in his weekly appearance on WTEM-AM radio, criticizing Zorn for giving inconsistent messages and sarcastically calling him a "genius." Portis was still smarting from his lack of playing time in Sunday's 24-10 loss to the Baltimore Ravens, when he was removed from the game after the first series of the second half. [8] In the offseason, Portis stated that he tried to forge a better relationship with Zorn, but admitted that he did not have the rapport that he shared with former head coach Joe Gibbs, which he classified as a "great relationship,"[9] and stated that Gibbs was "one of the best men as far as guidance, or the way he lives his life, an example of a true champion."[10]
2009[link]
During a Week 9 game versus the Atlanta Falcons, Portis suffered a concussion. The hit caused Portis to lose consciousness and leave the game. Portis missed four consecutive games with concussion-like symptoms. Portis went to see a specialist in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on December 1, 2009. It was reported that on December 8, Portis was officially placed on injured reserve.
2010[link]
The start of the 2010 season saw the reunion of Portis and newly-appointed coach, Mike Shanahan, Portis' former coach from his first two career seasons with the Denver Broncos. Despite a positive outlook with a new coaching staff, injuries continued to plague Portis as he had to deal with abdomen and groin injuries. During his seventh year as a Redskin, Portis played only five games and tallied only 227 yards rushing throughout the season, which included two touchdowns. Both touchdowns were scored in the September 19 home game versus the Houston Texans. Despite the mildly impressive showing, the Redskins lost in overtime, 27-30.
2011[link]
On February 28, 2011, Portis was released by the Redskins after failed contract re-negotiations and repeated injuries. Following his release, Portis felt that passion had been missing from the team since Gibbs retired, saying, "I never seen nobody give up or with their head down with Coach Gibbs. As many close games as we played...you can't say one time that we gave up. There was a passion and toughness amongst everybody on that field to fight until time expired."[11]
Personal life[link]
Portis is the cousin of current Seattle Seahawks quarterback Josh Portis.
References[link]
- ^ Denver Broncos
- ^ COLLEGE DRAFT PLAYER NEWS from around the NET
- ^ *Clinton Portis, RB, Miami - 2002 NFL Draft Scout Profile, Powered by The SportsXchange
- ^ "NFL Recap". ESPN. 2006-08-13. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/recap?gameId=260813004/.
- ^ Bryant, Howard (2006-11-13). "Portis Breaks Bone in Right Hand". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/12/AR2006111200368.html/. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ Portis' contract restructuring
- ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2878099
- ^ "Clinton Portis frustation". NFL.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3758372&campaign=rss&source=ESPNHeadlines. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ^ http://www.washingtontimes.com/weblogs/redskins/2009/jun/22/portis-no-rfit-with-zorn/
- ^ http://nfl.fanhouse.com/2008/11/13/after-lavar-arrington-calls-out-joe-gibbs-clinton-portis-sticks/
- ^ Jones, Mike (March 1, 2011). "Redskins release Clinton Portis after seven memorable seasons in Washington". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/28/AR2011022806103.html.
External links[link]
- Clinton Portis Official Web Site.
- Clinton Portis stats.
- Washington Post Local Edition [1].
- ESPN News [2].
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Trung Canidate |
Washington Redskins' Starting Running Back 2004–2010 |
Succeeded by Tim Hightower |
| Preceded by Mike Anderson |
Denver Broncos Starting Running Back 2002–2003 |
Succeeded by Reuben Droughns |
| Preceded by Edgerrin James |
Miami Hurricanes' Starting Running Back (shared with James Jackson in 1999–2000) |
Succeeded by Willis McGahee |
| Awards and achievements | ||
| Preceded by Anthony Thomas |
NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year 2002 |
Succeeded by Anquan Boldin |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Portis, Clinton |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Player of American football |
| Date of birth | September 1, 1981 |
| Place of birth | Laurel, Mississippi |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Clinton_Portis
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Clinton Portis
http://de.wn.com/Clinton Portis
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Portis
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Not to be confused with Stephen Wright.
For other people named Steven Wright, see Steven Wright (disambiguation).
| Steven Wright | |
|---|---|
 Wright at Tufts University, 1994 |
|
| Birth name | Steven Alexander Wright |
| Born | (1955-12-06) December 6, 1955 (age 56) Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States |
| Medium | stand-up, film, television |
| Nationality | American |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Genres | surreal humor, one-liners, deadpan, wit/word play, observational comedy, Musical comedy |
| Influences | Woody Allen, George Carlin,[1] Bob Newhart[2] |
| Influenced | Mitch Hedberg, Demetri Martin, Milton Jones, Jimmy Carr, Anthony Jeselnik, Zach Galifianakis, Matt Kopache, Billy Connolly |
| Notable works and roles | I Have a Pony K-Billy DJ in Reservoir Dogs Speed in The Swan Princess Guy on the Couch in Half Baked I Still Have a Pony |
| Website | StevenWright.com |
| Academy Awards | |
| Best Short Film, Live Action 1988 The Appointments of Dennis Jennings |
|
Steven Alexander Wright (born December 6, 1955) is an American comedian, actor and writer. He is known for his distinctly lethargic voice and slow, deadpan delivery of ironic, philosophical and sometimes nonsensical jokes, paraprosdokians, and one-liners with contrived situations.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Wright was born in Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and grew up in Burlington, Massachusetts,[3][4] one of four children of Lucille “Dolly” (née Lomano) and Alexander K. Wright.[3][5][6] He was raised Catholic.[7] His mother was Italian American and his father was of Scottish descent.[8] Wright's father, an electronics technician who "tested a lot of stuff for the Apollo space program," became a truck driver after that program ended.[3]
Wright spent two years obtaining an associate's degree from Middlesex Community College in Bedford, Massachusetts, before enrolling at Emerson College.[9] He graduated from the latter in 1978[9] and began performing stand-up comedy in 1979[3][10] at the Boston comedy club the Comedy Connection.[3][9] He cites George Carlin and Woody Allen among his influences.[11]
In 1982 Peter Lassally, executive producer of The Tonight Show, noticed Wright performing on a bill with other local comics at the comedy club Ding Ho,[12] in Cambridge's Inman Square,[13] a venue Wright described as "half Chinese restaurant and half comedy club. It was a pretty weird place".[3] Lassally booked Wright on The Tonight Show, where the comic so impressed host Johnny Carson and the studio audience that Wright was brought back less than a week later.[11] In May 2000, Wright and other Ding Ho alumni, including Lenny Clarke, Barry Crimmins, Steve Sweeney, Bill Sohonage, and Jimmy Tingle, appeared at a reunion benefit for comic Bob Lazarus, suffering from leukemia.[13]
Stand-up success[link]
Wright's 1985 comedy album was entitled I Have a Pony. It was released on Warner Bros. Records, received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album. The success of this album landed him a much coveted HBO special which he recorded as a live college concert performance, A Steven Wright Special. By now Wright had firmly developed a new brand of obscure, laid-back performing and was rapidly building a cult-like mystique and eclectic following of "hip", savvy fans. His opening act for the HBO concert was fellow "Ding Ho" comedy alumni Bill Sohonage who recounts that Steven's ultra-casual, nearly catatonic demeanor was no act. "He walked into my dressing room, minutes before I was to take the stage, and asked if he could borrow a shirt, as his had a giant pizza stain. You would think it might be normal to be a little nervous going on a college stage in front of 23,000, let alone having HBO out there filming but as I passed by his room while walking on-stage I saw him sound asleep and loudly snoring". The performance would become one of HBO's longest running and most requested comedy specials and propel him to huge success on the college arena concert circuits.
In 1989 he and fellow producer Dean Parisot won an Academy Award for their 30-minute short film "The Appointments of Dennis Jennings", directed by Parisot, written by Mike Armstrong and Wright, and starring Wright and Rowan Atkinson. Upon accepting the Oscar, Wright said, "Now I'm sorry I cut out that last hour-and-a-half." In 1992 Wright had a recurring role on the television sitcom Mad About You. He supplied the voice of the radio DJ in writer-director Quentin Tarantino's film Reservoir Dogs that year. "Dean Parisot's wife Sally Menke is Quentin Tarantino's [film] editor, so when she was editing the movie and it was getting down toward the end where they didn't have the radio DJ yet, she thought of me and told Quentin and he liked the idea", Wright explained in 2009.[3]
Numerous lists of jokes attributed to Wright circulate on the Internet, sometimes of dubious origin. Wright has stated, "Someone showed me a site, and half of it that said I wrote it, I didn't write. Recently, I saw one, and I didn't write any of it. What's disturbing is that with a few of these jokes, I wish I had thought of them. A giant amount of them, I'm embarrassed that people think I thought of them, because some are really bad".[14]
After his 1990 comedy special Wicker Chairs and Gravity, Wright continued to do stand-up performances, but he was largely absent from television, only doing occasional guest spots on late-night talk shows. In 1999 he wrote and directed the 30-minute short "One Soldier", "about a soldier who was in the Civil War, right after the war, with all these existentialist thoughts and wondering if there is a God and all that stuff".[3]
In 2006 Wright produced his first stand-up special in 16 years, Steven Wright: When The Leaves Blow Away, originally airing on Comedy Central on October 21, 2006. Its DVD was released April 23, 2007.[citation needed] On September 25, 2007 Wright released his second album, I Still Have a Pony, a CD release of the material from When The Leaves Blow Away. It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album but it lost to The Distant Future by Flight of the Conchords.
Awards and honors[link]
Steven Wright was awarded an Oscar in 1989 for Best Short Live-Action Film for The Appointments of Dennis Jennings, which he co-wrote (with Michael Armstrong) and starred in.[15]
On December 15, 2008, Wright became the first inductee to the Boston Comedy Hall of Fame.[12][16]
In a 2005 poll to find The Comedian's Comedian, he was voted amongst the top 50 comedy acts by fellow comedians and comedy insiders. He was named #23 on Comedy Central's list of the 100 greatest stand-up comics.[17]
Other interests[link]
While not well known for works outside of the comedy realm, Steven Wright has also recorded several non-comedy songs with his friend and occasional actor Mark Wuethner.[18][19] Wright also has an apparent interest in painting.[20]
Beginning in 2009, Steven Wright sporadically appears as himself on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson as a visiting celebrity, ostensibly dropping by the show to help out with the fan mail segment. He joins a small cadre of Hollywood celebrities who lend their support to the show in this way.[21][22]
Filmography[link]
- Desperately Seeking Susan (1985) as Larry Stillman D.D.S.
- The Appointments of Dennis Jennings (1988) (short film) (Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film)
- Stars and Bars (1988) as Pruitt
- Reservoir Dogs (1992) (voice only) as K-Billy DJ
- So I Married an Axe Murderer (1993) as Pilot
- Speechless (1994) as Eddie
- Mad About You as Paul Buckman's film assistant.
- Natural Born Killers (1994) as Dr. Emil Reingold
- The Swan Princess (1994) as Speed (voice)
- Mixed Nuts (1994) as Suicidal man at pay phone
- The Larry Sanders Show (1994) as himself
- Canadian Bacon (1995) as Royal Canadian Mounted Police Officer
- Half Baked (1998) as The Guy on the Couch (uncredited)
- Babe: Pig in the City (1998) as Bob (voice)
- One Soldier (1999) (short film)
- The Muse (1999)
- Loser (2000) as Sleazy Man in Bar
- Coffee and Cigarettes (2003) as Steven
- The Aristocrats (2005) as himself
- When Stand Up Stood Out (2005) as himself
- Son of the Mask (2005) as The Boss
Discography[link]
- I Have a Pony, Warner Bros. Records CD (1985)
- A Steven Wright Special, HBO DVD (1985)
- The Appointments of Dennis Jennings, DVD (1989)
- One Soldier, DVD (1999)
- When the Leaves Blow Away, DVD (2006)
- I Still Have a Pony, Comedy Central Records CD (2007)
Videography[link]
- Wicker Chairs and Gravity, HBO Stand-up Special (1991)[23]
References[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Steven Wright |
- ^ The Comedy Couch - Steven Wright Interview
- ^ Steven Wright | AllMusic
- ^ a b c d e f g h Frank Lovece (May 28, 2009). "Comedian Steven Wright plays Westbury Sunday". Newsday. Archived from the original on 2009-05-31. http://web.archive.org/web/20090531055218/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/ny-etent2812804889may26,0,6077734.story. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ Gail Waterhouse (March 3, 2010). "a famous former Burlington resident". The Boston Globe.
- ^ Obituary
- ^ "Cover Story; The (sur)real Steven Wright; He laughs easily, works hard for material". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 1987-08-01. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB7C2D383BE2F59&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
- ^ Steven Wright - Latest
- ^ Dana, Rebecca (2009-06-05). "Steven Wright on Letterman, Rembrandt and Being Short". Speakeasy. http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2009/06/05/steven-wright-on-letterman-rembrandt-and-being-short/tab/article/. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
- ^ a b c Crane, Joyce Pellino. "Laugh Track: For more than five decades, Emerson College has been putting comics on the road to success", The Boston Globe, October 7, 2007
- ^ Young, Chris. "Behind a new album, comedian Steven Wright plays Pittsburgh for the first time in five years", Pittsburgh City Paper, October 11, 2007
- ^ a b Keepnews, Peter. "A Strange Career Takes an Odd Turn", The New York Times, February 10, 2008, Section AR; Column 0; Arts and Leisure Desk; Television; Pg. 11
- ^ a b Turbovsky, Rob. "Steven Wright inducted into Hall, a city’s comedy history celebrated", Punchline Magazine, December 22, 2008
- ^ a b Baltrusis, Sam. "Steven Wright headlines Ding Ho reunion benefit", LoadedGunBoston.com, April 8, 2008
- ^ "AV Club: Interview with Steven Wright", The Onion, 9 November 2006.
- ^ Steven Wright Main | All About Steven Wright - Moviefone
- ^ Miller, Jay, N. "The Wright stuff; Boston comedian is first inductee into hall of fame", The Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Massachusetts), December 15, 2008, Features; pg. 23
- ^ Comedy Central's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of all Time, Everything2.com
- ^ Steven Wright - Music
- ^ Mark Wuerthner at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Steven Wright - Music & Paintings
- ^ STEVEN ON THE LATE LATE SHOW
- ^ The Late Late Show - Steven Wright Drops By
- ^ Steven Wright - The History
External links[link]
- Official website
- Steven Wright at the Internet Movie Database
- Wright-House.com: Jokes attributed to Steven Wright, with actual authors identified
- Dead-Frog.com: Video of Steven Wright from When the Leaves Blow Away
- Interview: Steven Wright Riverfront Times. October 2008.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Wright, Steven |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American actor |
| Date of birth | December 6, 1955 |
| Place of birth | Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Steven_Wright
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Steven Wright
http://pt.wn.com/Steven Wright
http://de.wn.com/Steven Wright
http://it.wn.com/Steven Wright
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Wright
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Vybz Kartel | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Adidja Palmer |
| Born | (1976-01-07) 7 January 1976 (age 36) Kingston, Jamaica |
| Origin | Portmore, Jamaica |
| Genres | Reggae, Dancehall, Reggae fusion |
| Occupations | Deejay, songwriter, entrepreneur, lyricist, producer |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Labels | Adidjaheim Records |
| Associated acts | Beenie Man, Aidonia, Elephant Man, Ninjaman, The Alliance, Portmore Empire, Major Lazer & Popcaan, Kano, Vanessa Bling |
| Website | www.vybzkartel.co.uk |
Adidja Palmer (born 7 January 1976)- [1][2][3] better known as Vybz Kartel, is a Jamaican dancehall artist, songwriter and businessman. He has many nicknames, including: Addi, The Teacher, World Boss, Kartel, Vybz, Gaza General and Gaza Don.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Adidja Palmer began his career as a teenager in 1993 with his first recording "Love Fat Woman", released on Alvin Reid's label "One Heart", using the moniker "Adi Banton", a homage to Buju Banton.[4] Palmer was later part of the three-member group "Vybez Cartel", keeping the slightly altered name after group split up, and became a protege of Bounty Killer, for whom he claims to have written nearly 30 songs, including "Gal Clown".[5]
Vybz Kartel rose to prominence in 2003 after a string of hits in Jamaica. The year culminated in a pre-planned on-stage clash with Ninjaman at the annual dancehall festival Sting in Kartel's hometown of Portmore. The clash turned violent when Kartel's crewmembers, as well as Kartel himself, threw punches and assaulted Ninjaman onstage.[6] While Kartel's manager initially blamed Ninjaman for the fracas,[6] Kartel himself quickly apologised to Ninjaman and Sting organizers for the fracas.[7] Four days after the incident, the two artists appeared before the press to announce a settlement of their differences and to end any animosity.[8]
He established his own label Adidjahiem/Notnice Records with his business partner and producer Ainsley "Notnice" Morris.[9] In 2010, he released his album Pon Di Gaza 2.0 on Adidjahiem/Notnice Records in collaboration with Tads Record Inc.[10] In Spring 2011, Vybz Kartel released an album entitled 'Kingston Story' with Brooklyn hip hop/electro producer Dre Skull.[11]
Kartel has worked on collaborations and remixes with hip hop and R&B musicians Jay-Z, Rihanna, Missy Elliott, Busta Rhymes, M.I.A, Pharrell, Kardinal Offishall, Akon, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne and Eminem.
In 2009 he had succeeded internationally with his hit song featuring a popular female Jamaican Deejay 'Spice' - "Ramping Shop" debuting on the Billboard Top 100 Singles charts,[12] and "Dollar Sign" being in regular rotation on urban radio stations in the US.[13] His 2010 single "Clarks" was one of his biggest international successes, remaining in the top 3 Reggae Singles gaining the most radio plays in North America for 40 weeks.[14] "Clarks" was also featured on the TV series So You Think You Can Dance Canada,[15] and on a CNN segment on dancehall dance.[16] MTV's Vice Guide to Dancehall featured Kartel at his weekly dance party, Street Vybz Thursday.[17]
After splitting with Bounty Killer-led Alliance in 2006, Kartel founded the Portmore Empire, a group of dancehall deejays and singers from his Portmore neighborhood that he signed to his newly founded Adidjahiem/Notnice Records. Members of the group as of 2011 were: Popcaan, Shawn Storm, Sheba, Gaza Indu, Tommy Lee, Singing Maxwell, Singa Blinga, Lenny Mattic. Former members include Lisa Hype,[18] Gaza Kim,[19] Black Ryno,[20] Jah Vinci, Dosa Medicine and Merital Family[21].
Feud with Mavado[link]
Towards the end of 2006, Vybz Kartel left The Alliance. Tensions arose following Kartel's continued association with Bounty Killer's longtime enemy, Beenie Man, including Kartel attending Beenie Man's wedding to Bounty Killer's ex-girlfriend D'Angel.[22] Due to Kartel's defection from The Alliance and his 'parring' (fraternising) with Beenie Man, a series of songs and counteraction songs ensued - the main proponents being Kartel and Mavado.
A very public feud between Vybz Kartel and former collaborator Mavado arose towards the end of 2006, stemming from Vybz' much publicized departure from the dancehall conglomerate group The Alliance. The feud resulted in numerous diss tracks released, in which each artist dissed the other and their associates over popular dancehall rhythms.[23] In a police-overseen press conference in March 2007, both Mavado and Vybz Kartel publicly announced an end to hostilities and apologized to fans.[24]
However, by the summer of 2008, tensions flared with a renewal of "diss tracks" from each artist, and a lyrical clash between the two at Sting 2008 left mixed views as to the "winner".[25][26] Most of 2009 saw a continuation of the public feud, which dominated Jamaican media and, to a certain extent, Jamaican culture, with the two artists' factions, Gaza (Kartel) and Gully (Mavado), being adopted by Jamaican youth, in some cases leading to street violence.[27][28]
On 8 December 2009, Kartel and Mavado met with Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding in an attempt to end the feud, which had by that time fueled mob attacks in some of the inner-city neighborhoods of Kingston.[29] The two had performed together on-stage the previous night in a sign of goodwill at the West Kingston Jamboree, a concert promoted by drug lord[30] Christopher "Dudus" Coke.[23] After the truce in December 2009, the two artists were scheduled to perform a unity concert March 2010 in Barbados, which was later cancelled by the prime minister of that country.[31]
Business[link]
In 2008, Vybz Kartel launched his own liquor line Street Vybz Rum. He hosts a weekly dance party Street Vybz Thursday, at the Building, Kingston nightclub he manages with Street Vybz Rum business partner Corey Todd.[32] The rum is officially distributed by Vybz Distillers Limited. The same year, he also released his own condom line, Daggering Condoms.[33] Kartel's goal for 2011 is to release his own shoe line named Addi's, as well as his own line of "cake soap".[34]
When his singles "Clarks", "Clarks 2 (Clarks Again)" and "Clarks 3 (Wear Weh Yuh Have)" featured the British shoe brand Clarks in 2010, its sales numbers and prices in Jamaica increased considerably.[35]
Vybz Kartel has also hosted his own reality television show "Teacha's Pet" on CVM Jamaica broadcast channel, the first reality television show hosted by a dancehall artist in Jamaica. The premise of "Teacha's Pet" finds 20 women living in a Kingston house vying for the artist's affection; the show's lascivious content elicited condemnation of its sponsor, telecommunications company LIME. The show came to a halt with the artist's arrest on murder charges in September 2011.
Controversies[link]
Whitening[link]
Kartel has come under controversy over perceived skin whitening, or "bleaching", leading him to claim to the use of "cake soap" to lighten his skin.[36][37] The Blue Power Group, Jamaican manufacturer of the popular cake soap (or "blue soap"), has refuted claims it changes skin color.[38] Kartel then stated the soap used to lighten his skin was his own brand, which he intends to release on the local market.[34]
Airwave Ban[link]
In September 2011 the National Communications Network of Guyana banned Vybz Kartel from the airwaves—the first such action against a specific artist. His music contained "obscene lyrics" and brought "nothing positive" to the entertainment industry, said NCN spokesman Martin Goolsarran (Wednesday, Sept 21st) after a week of internal debate. He said NCN was reviewing the lyrics of other musicians and could ban them as well. In fact the government had no problem with Kartel, its Tourism Ministry inviting him to an August music festival, but he angered it and Guyanese promoters when he failed to show up.[39]
Murder charge[link]
On 29 September 2011, Kartel was arrested by police. Jamaica's Major Investigation Taskforce (MIT) charged him with murder, conspiracy to murder and illegal possession of a firearm. The deceased was Barrington 'Bossie' Burton, a 27-year-old businessman and music promoter based in the Kingston suburb of Portmore. They first visited Kingston's Norbrook community where the DJ resides, then went to a property on Swallowfield Avenue in Kingston's Havendale area. That residence was the scene of a fire several weeks ago; a scorched computer hard-drive and several boxes were removed. They then drove to Portmore to a home purportedly owned by Kartel's mother, where a number of items were similarly confiscated. Kartel was detained for the weekend in relation to a partially burned, decomposing body found inside the Swallowfield Avenue home.[40]
Kartel was granted bail for the Burton murder 23 March 2012 for JD$3,000,000, but currently remains jailed in connection on a second murder, of one Clive 'Lizzard' Williams.[41]
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
- 2003: Up 2 Di Time
- 2004: More Up 2 Di Time
- 2005: J.M.T.
- 2009: Most Wanted
- 2010: Pon di Gaza 2.0
- 2011: Kingston Story
Singles[link]
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US R&B | ||||||
| "Ramping Shop" | 2009 | 76[42] | Pon di Gaza 2.0 | |||
| "—" denotes a title that did not chart, or was not released in that territory. | ||||||
Guest appearances[link]
| Year | Title | Album | Artist |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | "You Don't Love Me (No, No, No)" | Music of the Sun | Rihanna |
Awards[link]
Kartel has had several collaborations with international hip hop and pop stars. He has released two albums for the UK/US based label Greensleeves Records. He was also nominated for the Source,[43] VIBE and UK MOBO awards, although his 2004 UK MOBO award nomination was withdrawn amidst controversy over homophobic content of his lyrics.[44]
- 2003
- Stone Love's 30th Anniversary
- DJ of the Year 2005
- Stone Love's 30th Anniversary
- 2008
- CUMA (Caribbean Urban Music Awards)
- 2009
- EME Awards[45]
- Male DJ of the Year
- Lyricist/Songwriter of the Year
- Song of the Year (Romping Shop ft. Spice)
- EME Awards[45]
- 2010
- EME Awards[46]
References[link]
- ^ [1]. RRRMusic.com. Retrieved 2011-3-2.
- ^ [2]. 6lyrics.com. Retrieved 2011-3-2.
- ^ [3]. Musictory.com. Retrieved 2011-3-2.
- ^ Biography: Vybz Kartel aka Adijah Palmer. UrbanIslandz.com. 28 August 2010.
- ^ Max, James. Vybz Kartel: I wrote about 30-odd songsw for Bounty Killer. UrbanIslandz.com. 17 December 2010.
- ^ a b Mills, Claude. Terror at Sting. Jamaica Gleaner. 28 December 2003. Retrieved 2011-3-3.
- ^ Vybz Kartel apologises to Ninja Man, Sting organisers. Jamaica Observer. 30 December 2003. Retrieved 3011-3-3.
- ^ Sinclair, Glenroy; Smith, Germaine. 'We were wrong' - Ninja Man, Vybz Kartel arrested and charged following Sting 'slug-fest'. Jamaica Gleaner. 31 December 2003. Retrieved 2011-3-3.
- ^ GoodHeart, Korry. 'Not Nice', the man 'engineering' the Empire dominance in dancehall. RisingStarsTV.Net. 18 January 2010.
- ^ Kartel releases Pon Di Gaza 2.0. Jamaica Star. Retrieved 2011-2-16.
- ^ Vybz Kartel Announces New Album Produced By Dre Skull. DreSkull.com. 23 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-2-16.
- ^ Ramping Shop Hits The Billboard Chart. Dancehall.Mobi. Retrieved 2011-2-16.
- ^ WRFG Radio Free Georgia. Retrieved 2011-4-15.
- ^ Clarks: De Mixtape Raw Hits Stores. Jamaicans.com. 5 January 2011.
- ^ So You Think You Can Dance - Canada (Vybz Kartel - 'Clarks'). Harrington Kommunication. 3 September 2010.
- ^ CNN Reports Jamaican Dancehall Goes Global. The Sweet 7. 21 January 2011.
- ^ Henry, Krista. Dancehall episode for MTV series. Jamaica Star. Retrieved 2011-2-16.
- ^ "Lisa Hype is no longer part of the Portmore Empire..." Vybz Kartel announces split with Lisa Hype. YardFlex.com. 30 December 2009.
- ^ Gaza Kim Exits Portmore Empire + England Town Medley. RisingStarsTV.net. 17 January 2010.
- ^ Black Rhyno leaves Portmore Empire. Jamaica Observer. 25 February 2010.
- ^ Merital Family Leaves Portmore Empire. Dancehall Madness. 7 June 2011 .
- ^ Henry, Krista. Kartel reveals life story. Jamaica Star. 29 November 2008. Retrieved 2011-2-16.
- ^ a b Dreisinger, Baz. Reggae's Civil War Why Mavado and Vybz Kartel might be the Biggie and Tupac of Dancehall. Village Voice. 2 March 2010.
- ^ Kaylia Williams: Unprecedented Press Conference ends feud between Vybz Kartel and Mavado. YardFlex.com Archives, 2 March 2007. Accessed 27 January 2011
- ^ Mavado and Vybz Kartel at it again. YardFlex.com. 22 August 2008. Retrieved 2011-4-15.
- ^ Black, Francine. Entertainment insiders say ... STING CLASH WAS A DRAW. Jamaica Star. 29 December 2008. Retrieved 2011-4-15.
- ^ Boyne, Ian. The Gully-Gaza war. Jamaica Gleaner. 20 September 2009. Retrieved 2011-4-15.
- ^ BEATEN FOR 'GULLY' MUSIC - Driver assaulted, householder threatened after playing Mavado songs. Jamaica Star. 4 August 2009. Retrieved 2011-4-15.
- ^ Prime Minister to meet with Kartel, Mavado. Jamaica Gleaner. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 2011-4-15.
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-14742342
- ^ Barbados PM says no to Mavado, Vybz Kartel show. Jamaica Observer. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 2011-4-15.
- ^ Henry, Krista. Kartel Takes Over Club. Jamaica Star. 4 February 2010. Retrieved 2011-3-4.
- ^ Introducing ‘Daggering Condoms’ by Vybz Kartel. YardFlex. 2 September 2008.
- ^ a b Henry, Krista. Kartel to start own shoe brand. Jamaica Star. Retrieved 2011-2-28.
- ^ Name * (9 July 2010). "Sales of Clarks shoes skyrocket in Jamaica thanks to Vybz Kartel « Repeating Islands". Repeatingislands.com. http://repeatingislands.com/2010/07/09/sales-of-clarks-shoes-skyrocket-in-jamaica-thanks-to-vybz-kartel/. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
- ^ Hunter, Nadisha. Rub it out. Jamaica Gleaner. 29 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-2-28.
- ^ Farah. Vybz Kartel under fire for skin bleaching. The Tribune (Bahamas). 2 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-2-28.
- ^ Roache, Alicia. Cake soap company lightens Kartel's claim. Jamaica Observer. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-2-28.
- ^ http://www.fox28.com/story/15516131/guyana-bans-music-of-no-show-jamaican-singer
- ^ Meschino, Patricia (Oct 4, 2011). "Vybz Kartel, Jamaican Dancehall Star, Charged with Murder". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/vybz-kartel-jamaican-dancehall-star-charged-1005383832.story. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ "Vybz Kartel granted bail, but remains jailed". Jamaica Gleaner. March 23, 2012. http://jamaica-gleaner.com/latest/article.php?id=36105. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/vybz-kartel/chart-history/557923
- ^ "Vybz Kartel pleased to be nominated for a Source award". ttgapers.com. http://www.ttgapers.com/index.php?module=News&func=display&sid=946. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
- ^ Mobo drops 'homophobic' artists BBC News, 8 September 2004
- ^ "2009 EME Awards". EME Awards. http://www.emeawards.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46:2009-winners-a-nominees&catid=27:new-to-joomla&Itemid=2.
- ^ "2010 EME Awards". EME Awards. http://www.emeawards.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=27.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Palmer, Adidja Azim |
| Alternative names | Kartel, Vybz |
| Short description | Jamaican musician |
| Date of birth | 1976-01-07 |
| Place of birth | kingston jamaica |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Vybz_Kartel
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Vybz Kartel
http://de.wn.com/Vybz Kartel
http://it.wn.com/Vybz Kartel
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vybz_Kartel
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
