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Shu Han 蜀漢
← 221–263 →
The territories of Shu Han (in red), AD 262
Capital	Chengdu
Language(s)	Ba-Shu Chinese
Religion	Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion
Government	Monarchy
Emperor
- 221–223	Liu Bei
- 223–263	Liu Shan
Historical era	Three Kingdoms
- Establishment	221
- Conquest of Shu by Wei	263
Population
-  est.	1,000,000
Currency	Chinese coin, Chinese cash

Shu Han was one of the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period, after the fall of the Han Dynasty. The state was based on areas around Sichuan, which was then known as Shu. Some historians argue it was the last Han Dynasty because its founding emperor Liu Bei was directly related to the sovereign family of the original Han Dynasty, and bore their surname. The other two states were Cao Wei in central and northern China and Eastern Wu in southeastern China. The state is sometimes known as the Kingdom of Shu, though this usage is ambiguous as it was the name of the older Shu state in the area (ca. 1046 BC – 316 BC).

History[link]

Towards the end of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei, a warlord and distant relative of the Han imperial clan, rallied the support of many capable followers. Following the counsel of his advisor Zhuge Liang and Zhuge's Longzhong Plan, Liu Bei conquered parts of Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan) in 208 and 209. Between 212 and 215, Liu Bei took over Yi Province (covering the Sichuan Basin) from the warlord Liu Zhang, and wrestled control of Hanzhong from rival warlord Cao Cao in 219.

From the territories he gained, Liu Bei established a position for himself in China during the final years of the Han Dynasty. However in 219, the alliance between Liu Bei and his ally, Sun Quan, was broken when Sun sent his general Lü Meng to invade Jing Province. Jing Province came under Sun Quan's control after the surprise attack, and Liu Bei's general Guan Yu was captured and executed on Sun's order.

In 220, after the death of Cao Cao, his son Cao Pi forced the Han Dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian to abdicate, taking over the Han throne and starting a new Cao Wei dynasty. The following year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with his dynasty known as "Shu Han". Although Liu Bei is seen as the founder of Shu Han, he never claimed to be the founder of a new dynasty; rather, he claimed to be continuing the fallen Han Dynasty.

In 222, Liu Bei launched an attack on Sun Quan to retake Jing Province and avenge Guan Yu, culminating in the Battle of Xiaoting. However, due to grave tactical mistakes, Liu Bei suffered a dramatic defeat with the burning of his line of camps and the decimation of his already numerically inferior army. Liu Bei survived the battle and fled to Baidicheng, where he died a year later due to illness. His son, Liu Shan, succeeded him as emperor of Shu Han. The chancellor Zhuge Liang and general Li Yan were appointed as regents to assist the young Liu Shan.

Zhuge Liang felt that it was more important for Shu to attack and topple the Wei government and restore legitimacy to the Han Dynasty, hence he made peace with Sun Quan and reaffirmed Shu's alliance with Sun. Sun Quan later declared himself emperor of Eastern Wu in 229, and his status was recognized by Shu. Between 228 and 234, Zhuge Liang launched a series of six invasions on Wei but failed each time due to lack of supplies or incompetency of his officers, eventually dying of sickness at the Battle of Wuzhang Plains. Zhuge Liang's protege, Jiang Wei, continued his legacy by leading another nine campaigns against Wei between 247 and 262, but failed to make any significant territorial gains.

A Qing Dynasty illustration showing a battle between Wei and Shu at the banks of the Wei River. Many battles were fought between Shu and Wei during the Three Kingdoms period

In 263, armies led by Wei generals Zhong Hui and Deng Ai attacked Shu and conquered its capital Chengdu. Liu Shan surrendered to Deng Ai outside Chengdu, marking the end of Shu. Jiang Wei attempted to incite conflict between Zhong Hui and Deng Ai, hoping to take advantage of the situation to revive Shu. However, his plan failed and he was killed by Wei troops along with Zhong Hui and Deng Ai. Liu Shan was brought to the Wei capital Luoyang and lived a comfortable and peaceful life as the "Duke of Anle" until the end of his days.

Shu was not merely a nation of war. During peace time, Shu began many irrigation and road-building projects designed to improve the economy. Many of these public works still exist and are widely used. For example, the Zipingpu Dam is still present near Chengdu, Sichuan. These works helped improve the economy of southwestern China and can be credited with beginning the history of economic activity in Sichuan. It also promoted trade with southern China, which was then ruled by Eastern Wu.

It was claimed that many refugees fled west to Sasanian Persia when Shu fell in 263.^[1]

List of territories[link]

List of sovereigns[link]

See also[link]

• Cao Wei
• Ma Miao
• Eastern Wu
• Three Kingdoms
• List of people of the Three Kingdoms
• Timeline of the Three Kingdoms period
• Romance of the Three Kingdoms
• Records of Three Kingdoms

References[link]

Look up shu, 属, or 树 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Shu may refer to:

• Shu (Egyptian deity)
• 蜀 (Shǔ), an abbreviation of Sichuan province of the People's Republic of China, as well as the following historical regimes that have existed in this region:
  • Shu (state) (蜀国/蜀國 or 古蜀), a state during the Zhou Dynasty era
  • Shu Han (蜀汉/蜀漢), a state that existed during the Three Kingdoms Period
  • Cheng Han (成汉/成漢), also named Later Shu (后蜀/後蜀), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms
  • Western Shu (西蜀), also named Qiao Shu (谯蜀/譙蜀), one of the units of the Eastern Jin period
  • Former Shu (前蜀), one of the divisions of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
  • Later Shu (后蜀/後蜀), one of the divisions of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
• the Kazakh name for the Chui River
• Shu, Kazakhstan
• The ancient Chinese Classic of History (Shū 書)

People

• Shu, the guitarist in the Japanese rock band, BACK-ON
• Frank Shu, Chinese-American professor of Astronomy

Fictional characters

• Shu, the main character in the Xbox 360 game Blue Dragon
• Shu (Suikoden), a character in Suikoden II
• Shu Shirakawa, a recurring character in the Super Robot Wars series.
• Shū, a fictional character in Fist of the North Star
• Shu, a fictional character in Hikaru no Go
• Shuzo "Shu" Matsutani, a character in Now and Then, Here and There and Legendz

SHU may be an acronym for:

• Sacred Heart University, in Fairfield, Connecticut
• Scoville Heat Unit, a measurement of hotness or spiciness in food
• Security Housing Unit, a solitary confinement space in a maximum security prison
• Seton Hall University, in South Orange, New Jersey
• Seton Hill University, in Greensburg, Pennsylvania
• Shanghai University (上海大学), in Shanghai, China
• Sheffield Hallam University, a modern university in Northern England
• Shih Hsin University (世新大學), in Taipei, Taiwan
• Special Handling Unit, a super maximum security prison located in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Han may refer to:

China[link]

• China (漢), an abbreviation or adjectival modifier for things Chinese
• Han Chinese (漢族 Hanzu, 漢人 Hanren), the dominant majority ethnic group of China and overseas Chinese
• Chinese language (漢語 Hanyu) or Chinese characters (漢字 Hanzi) or Chinese written language (漢文 Hanwen)
• Han Dynasty (漢朝 Hanchao, 202 BC – 220 AD), also known as Han China, a Chinese dynasty
• Han (state) (韓國 Hanguo), one of seven powerful kingdoms during the Chinese Warring States Period
• Han (Western Zhou state) (韓國 Hanguo), a minor state that existed during the Spring and Autumn Period
• Han Zhao (漢趙, 304–329), one of the Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms, founded by the Liu family
• Cheng Han (成漢, 304–347), another of the Sixteen Kingdoms, founded by the Li family
• Former Shu later called Han (漢 Han, from 917), a kingdom during the Chinese Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
• Southern Han (南漢 Nanhan, 917–971, but called Great Yue until 918 or 919), a kingdom during the Chinese Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
• Northern Han (北漢 Beihan, 951–979), a kingdom during the Chinese Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
• Later Han Dynasty (Five Dynasties) (947–950 CE), in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
• Han class submarine, or Type 091 submarine, the first nuclear powered submarine class (SSN) deployed by the People's Liberation Army Navy
• Khan (title), or Han in Chinese transliteration, originally Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler
• Han (surname), also Haan, Hahn or Hann, the Romanized spelling of many Chinese family names: 韓(韩), 邗, 罕, 寒, 憨, 漢, etc.

Korea[link]

• Korea, an abbreviation for "Hanguk" (한국, 韓國), the Korean name for Korea
• an archaic Korean root meaning "great" or "leader"; transliterated into hanja as 韓, 幹, or 刊; see Names of Korea
• Samhan, three confederacies of chiefdoms on the southern Korean peninsula in the Proto-Three Han Kingdoms Period
• Han (Korean name), a Korean surname (한, 韓 or 漢), also romanized "Hahn"
• Han (cultural), a Korean cultural concept of lament
• Korean language (한국어 Hangug-eo) or Hangul (한글 Hangeul)

Japan[link]

• Han (administrative division) (藩), a term for feudal clan or fief in Japan
• Han, a wooden board hanging throughout a temple complex in a Zen monastery to alert monks of mealtime when out of range of the umpan
• Han characters

Vietnam[link]

• HAN, the International Air Transport Association code for Noi Bai International Airport serving Hanoi
• Han-Viet (Sino-Vietnamese)

Elsewhere[link]

• Han (North American people), a Canadian First Nation
• Hän language, an endangered Native American language spoken by the Hän people
• Han-sur-Lesse, Rochefort, Belgium
• Han, Turkey
• Huns, most notably Attila the Hun

People[link]

Miscellaneous[link]

• Han (trilobite)
• Han unification (Chinese character glyph unification) in Unicode
• Alternative spelling of title Khan (title), notably in Turkic languages
• Han, the Turkish word for a caravanserai
• Han (The West Wing), an episode of The West Wing, named for the Korean cultural concept (see above)
• Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, or HAN
• Home Area Network, the set of emerging technologies allowing homeowners to easily manage household energy use; the term is particularly used with reference to technologies interfacing with a smart grid
• Hydroxylammonium nitrate, a rocket fuel oxidizer and monopropellant

See also[link]

• Han River (disambiguation)
• All pages beginning with "Han"
• All pages with titles containing "Han"

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Imran Ahmed
Batting style	Right hand batsmen
Bowling type	Right arm offbreak
	First-class	List A
Matches	59	56
Runs scored	2944	1359
Batting average	28.03	24.26
100s/50s	4/11	1/7
Top score	177	115
Balls bowled	690	545
Wickets	4	12
Bowling average	86.50	34.50
5 wickets in innings	-	-
10 wickets in match	-	-
Best bowling	2/37	2/23
Catches/stumpings	28/-	20/-
Debut: 4 April 1999 Last appearance: 4 April 2007 Source: CricketArchive

Imran Ahmed is a First class and List A cricketer from Bangladesh. He was born on 1 April 1981 in Mymensingh, Dhaka, made his debut for Barisal Division in 2000/01 and proved a stalwart member of the team through to the 2006/07 season.^{[citation needed]} He also appeared for Bangladesh Under-23s in 2003/04, Bangladesh in 1998/99 and the Bangladesh Youth XI in 1999/00.^{[citation needed]} A right-handed batsman, he has scored 4 first class hundreds and 11 fifties with a best of 177 against Chittagong Division.^{[citation needed]} He also scored 152* against Rajshahi Division. He has taken 4 first class wickets with his occasional off breaks. His only first class century, 115, came against Chittagong Division.^{[citation needed]}

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