- published: 22 May 2012
- views: 110140
- author: hanna dean
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- Albert Toft
- Altrincham
- Anglicanism
- Anglo-Saxon language
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- Ashton Canal
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-
A627(M) motorway
The A627(M) is a motorway that runs between Oldham and Rochdale in Greater Manchester, England. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) long and connects these two towns to the M62. It opened in 1972.
Heading north, the road starts as a 2 lane dual carriageway on the A663 at Chadderton. It turns sharply left and passes west of Royton. It continues to its next junction, where it has a 1-mile (1.6 km) spur. Although signed as the A627(M), a map exists showing it as the A6138(M). After this junction it gains a third lane, before reaching a roundabout at the M62 junction 20. This junction has been designed to accommodate a future flyover. After crossing the roundabout the route continues as a dual 2 lane route, for another 1 mile (1.6 km) before turning sharp right to reach its terminal crossroads.
Coordinates: 53°34′44″N 2°09′36″W / 53.5790°N 2.1599°W / 53.5790; -2.1599
wn.com/A627(M)_motorway -
Altrincham
Coordinates: 53°23′02″N 2°21′17″W / 53.3838°N 2.3547°W / 53.3838; -2.3547
Altrincham (
i/ˈɒltrɪŋəm/ OL-tring-əm) is a market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on flat ground south of the River Mersey about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Manchester city centre, 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest of Sale and 10 miles (16 km) east of Warrington. As of the 2001 UK census, it had a population of about 41,000.
Historically a part of Cheshire, Altrincham was established as a market town in 1290, a time when most communities were based around agriculture rather than trade, and there is still a market in the town today. Further socioeconomic development came with the extension of the Bridgewater Canal to Altrincham in 1765 and the arrival of the railway in 1849, stimulating industrial activity in the town. Outlying villages were absorbed by Altrincham's subsequent growth, along with the grounds of Dunham Massey Hall, formerly the home of the Earl of Stamford, and now a tourist attraction with three Grade I listed buildings and a deer park.
wn.com/Altrincham -
Ashton-in-Makerfield
Coordinates: 53°29′13″N 2°38′28″W / 53.487°N 2.641°W / 53.487; -2.641
Ashton-in-Makerfield is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester. It is situated 4.2 miles (6.8 km) south of Wigan, 7 miles (11.3 km) north-northwest of Warrington and 16 miles (26 km) west of the city of Manchester. In 2001 it had a population of 28,505.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Ashton-in Makerfield was anciently a township in the parish of Newton- in Makerfield ( as Newton le Willows was once known) Winwick and hundred of West Derby. With neighbouring Haydock, Ashton-in-Makerfield was a chapelry, but the two were split in 1845. The place has long been a centre for the manufacture of locks and hinges, but also sits on the Lancashire Coalfield, and so was a coal mining district.
The name Ashton derives from Old English and means the "farmstead where the ash-trees grow"; it is a common name and is found locally in Ashton-under-Lyne in Tameside and Ashton upon Mersey in Trafford. The town's name was recorded as Eston in 1212. Later, the suffix "in-Makerfield" was added, which relates the name of an old district of which Ashton was a part; Makerfield derives from the Celtic for a wall or ruin and the Old English word feld, meaning "open land".
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Ashton-under-Lyne
Coordinates: 53°29′39″N 2°06′12″W / 53.4941°N 2.1032°W / 53.4941; -2.1032
Ashton-under-Lyne (pop. 43,200) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England.Historically a part of Lancashire, it lies on the north bank of the River Tame, on undulating land at the foothills of the Pennines. Ashton (as it is often shortened to) is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south-southeast of Oldham, 6.1 miles (9.8 km) north-northeast of Stockport, and 6.2 miles (10.0 km) east of the city of Manchester.
Evidence of Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Viking activity has been discovered in Ashton-under-Lyne and its surrounding area. The "Ashton" part of the town's name probably dates from the Anglo-Saxon period, and derives from Old English meaning "settlement by ash trees". The origin of the "under-Lyne" suffix is less clear, and it possibly derives from the British lemo meaning elm or from Ashton's proximity to the Pennines. During the Middle Ages, Ashton-under-Lyne formed a parish and township centred on Ashton Old Hall which was held by the de Asshetons, the Lords of the Manor. Granted a Royal Charter in 1414, the manor spanned a broad rural area consisting of marshland, moorland, and a number of villages and hamlets.
wn.com/Ashton-under-Lyne -
Audenshaw
Coordinates: 53°28′27″N 2°06′44″W / 53.4743°N 2.1122°W / 53.4743; -2.1122
Audenshaw is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. It is located on the east side of the River Tame, along the course of both the M60 motorway and the Ashton Canal, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) southwest of Ashton-under-Lyne and 4.9 miles (7.9 km) east of the city of Manchester. As at the United Kingdom Census 2001, Audenshaw had a population of 13,000.
The name Audenshaw is a corruption of its earlier name Aldwinshagh which derives from Aldwin, a Saxon personal name, combined with the Old English suffix shagh meaning woodland. Nico Ditch, an early-medieval linear earthwork possibly built as a defensive barrier against Vikings, runs through the area. During the Middle Ages, Audenshaw was a division of the township of Ashton, in the county of Lancashire. Audenshaw's urbanisation and expansion largely coincided with developments in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. In the 1870s, many of Audenshaw's inhabitants were employed in hat-making, cotton-spinning, calico-printing, and silk-weaving. In 1894 this area became Audenshaw Urban District and in the poor law union of Ashton-under-Lyne. In 1974 it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.
wn.com/Audenshaw -
Bangladesh
Coordinates: 23°N 90°E / 23°N 90°E / 23; 90
Bangladesh (
i/ˈbɑːŋɡlədɛʃ/ or i/bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ/ (Anglicized pronunciation); Bengali: বাংলাদেশ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh) is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India and Burma and by the Bay of Bengal to the south. The capital (and largest city) is Dhaka, located in central Bangladesh. The official state language is Bengali. The name Bangladesh means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal" the in the Bengali language, from Bangla "Bengal" and desh holding a dual meaning of "land" and "country" as English "country," German land, French pays, etc.
The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal during the reign and demise of the British India. Its map was chartered by Sir Cyril Radcliffe during the creation of Pakistan and India in 1947, when the region became East Pakistan, part of the newly formed nation of Pakistan. Due to political exclusion and economic exploitation by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation grew against West Pakistan and led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, after the Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence on 26 March 1971. With the intervention of the Indian Army, the war came to an end on 16 December 1971 with the surrender of the Pakistan Army at Ramna Race Course.
wn.com/Bangladesh -
Battle of Waterloo
Coordinates: 50°40′45″N 4°24′25″E / 50.67917°N 4.40694°E / 50.67917; 4.40694 The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. An Imperial French army under the command of Emperor Napoleon was defeated by combined armies of the Seventh Coalition, an Anglo-Allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington combined with a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard von Blücher. It was the culminating battle of the Waterloo Campaign and Napoleon's last. The defeat at Waterloo ended his rule as Emperor of the French, marking the end of his Hundred Days return from exile.
Upon Napoleon's return to power in 1815, many states that had opposed him formed the Seventh Coalition and began to mobilise armies. Two large forces under Wellington and Blücher assembled close to the north-eastern border of France. Napoleon chose to attack in the hope of destroying them before they could join in a coordinated invasion of France with other members of the coalition. The decisive engagement of this three-day Waterloo Campaign (16–19 June 1815) occurred at the Battle of Waterloo. According to Wellington, the battle was "the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life."
wn.com/Battle_of_Waterloo -
Blackrod
Coordinates: 53°35′23″N 2°34′51″W / 53.5898°N 2.5809°W / 53.5898; -2.5809
Blackrod is a settlement and civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north-northeast of Wigan and 6.6 miles (10.6 km) west of Bolton and, according to the United Kingdom Census 2001, has a population of 5,300.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Blackrod was once a centre for coal mining
The name Blackrod derives from the Old English, blaec and rodu, meaning a "dark clearing". The first mention of the town dates to 1189, when it was recorded as Blacherode. It was recorded as Blakerodein 1200, and Blacrode in 1220. Another suggestion is that "rod" may refer to Holy Rood, Cross of Christ.
Blackrod is reputed to be the site of a Roman station and they built a fort on the northern side of the town, on what is now a residential area called Castle Croft. The A6 road is built along the course of a Roman road passes below the hill on which the town is built.
wn.com/Blackrod -
Bredbury
Coordinates: 53°25′14″N 2°06′49″W / 53.4206°N 2.1135°W / 53.4206; -2.1135
Bredbury is a suburban town within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England, located 7.9 miles (12.7 km) south east of Manchester, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of Stockport and 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south west of Hyde. At the 2001 census it had a population of 15,126.
The village reaches to the lower southern slopes of Werneth Low, an outlier of the Peak District between the valleys of the River Tame and River Goyt, head-waters of the River Mersey.
The area must have been unattractive to the Brigantes settlers in pre-Roman Britain, with its bleak hilltop, the heavy clay soil of the intermediate land probably covered by trees and becoming marshy where the slopes flattened out, and the swampy valley floors. The rivers flowed more fully before their waters were dammed in the 19th century to supply Manchester, Stockport and other towns. However, where the valley of the River Goyt narrows at New Bridge, passage was possible, and here an ancient highway entered the village to proceed along the higher land to the north east.
wn.com/Bredbury -
Bury
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°17′53″W / 53.593°N 2.298°W / 53.593; -2.298
Bury /ˈbɛrɪ/ is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Bolton, 5.9 miles (9.5 km) west-southwest of Rochdale, and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north-northwest of the city of Manchester. Bury is surrounded by several smaller settlements, which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, with Bury as the largest settlement and administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Bury emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a mill town centred on textile manufacture.
Bury is regionally notable for its open-air market - Bury Market - and its popularity has been increased since the introduction of the Manchester Metrolink tram system, which terminates in the town. The market is known for its supply of a local traditional dish - black pudding, served hot or cold and can be eaten either as a takeaway snack, or more commonly as an accompaniment or main ingredient of a meal starter or main course.
wn.com/Bury -
Cadishead
Coordinates: 53°25′37″N 2°26′02″W / 53.427°N 2.434°W / 53.427; -2.434
Cadishead is a suburban town within the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically a part of Lancashire, Cadishead is the most southwesterly settlement in the city of Salford.
The earliest record of Cadishead date to 1212, and show that the whole of Cadishead – then called Cadewalesate – was rented from King John by Gilbert Notton for four shillings (20p) a year, a sum equivalent to about £650 today. The name derives from the Old English words wælla and set, and Cada, a personal name; it means the "dwelling or fold by the stream of a man called Cada".
Until the early 19th century most of the area was part of the peat bog known as Chat Moss, but by 1805 work had started to reclaim the land. The opening of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894 had a major effect on the subsequent development of Cadishead.
Cadishead is situated between Irlam and Hollins Green/Rixton, either side of Liverpool Road (the A57) and adjacent to the Manchester Ship Canal and the M62 motorway, close to the border between Greater Manchester and Warrington. There are two purpose-built play areas located in the Hayes road area and on Lord Street (which, controversially, was built on an old graveyard). The Northbank industrial park dominates the east of Cadishead and the border with Irlam and supplies many jobs to the local area. Famous sons of Cadishead include Ray Lowry, Lowry was a painter and cartoonist with his most famous work being the London Calling album cover for the Clash.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
wn.com/Caribbean -
Chadderton
Coordinates: 53°32′46″N 2°08′33″W / 53.5462°N 2.1426°W / 53.5462; -2.1426
Chadderton (pop. 33,000) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England, historically a part of Lancashire. It lies along the course of the River Irk and the Rochdale Canal, on undulating land in the foothills of the Pennines, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Oldham, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Rochdale, and 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of the city of Manchester.
During the Middle Ages, Chadderton was chiefly distinguished by its two mansions, Foxdenton Hall and Chadderton Hall, and by the prestigious families who occupied them. Its early history is marked by its status as a manorial township, with its own line of lords and overlords, who included the Asshetons, Chethams, Radclyffes, and Traffords. Farming was the main industry of the area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
Chadderton's urbanisation and expansion largely coincided with developments in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. A late 19th-century factory-building boom transformed Chadderton from a rural township into a major mill town—one of several in its region—and the second most populous urban district in the United Kingdom. More than 50 cotton mills had been built in Chadderton by 1914.
wn.com/Chadderton -
Cheshire Plain
The Cheshire Plain is a relatively flat expanse of lowland situated almost entirely within the county of Cheshire in north-west England. It is bounded by the hills of north Wales to the west, and the Peak District of Derbyshire and North Staffordshire to the east and south-east. The Wirral Peninsula lies to the north-west whilst the plain merges with the South Lancashire Plain in the embayment occupied by Manchester to the north. In detail, the plain comprises two areas with distinct characters, the one to the west of the Mid Cheshire Ridge and the other, larger, part to its east.
The Plain is the surface expression of the Cheshire Basin, a deep sedimentary basin that extends north into Lancashire and south into Shropshire. It assumed its current form as the ice-sheets of the last ice age melted away between 20,000 and 15,000 years ago leaving behind a thick cover of glacial till and extensive tracts of glacio-fluvial sand and gravel.
The primary agricultural use of the Cheshire Plain is dairy farming, creating the general appearance of enclosed hedgerow fields.
wn.com/Cheshire_Plain -
Coldhurst
Coordinates: 53°32′56″N 2°07′07″W / 53.548981°N 2.118491°W / 53.548981; -2.118491
Coldhurst (or more rarely Cold Hurst) is an area of Oldham and an electoral ward of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, it had a population of 11,935. The electoral ward spans most of Oldham's town centre, although the name Coldhurst more usually applies to the area immediately to its north.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Coldhurst was once constituted a chapelry within the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the Salfordshire hundred.
Coldhurst was the site of considerable industry and commerce, including coal mining, cotton spinning and hat manufacture.
An old Hall existed in the locality, belonging to Abram Crompton, Esq, which, although no longer exists today, gives its name to Crompton Street.
Coldhurst is said to have been the scene of an action in the English Civil War, in which the parliamentarians were defeated.
wn.com/Coldhurst -
Crossbank
Crossbank is an area of Lees, a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the name Crossbank is thought to derive from the days of the Knights Templar when a cross was etched into an earthen bank to denote lands granted to them.
Prior to 1894, Crossbank had formed a hamlet linked with the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne, and lying within the Oldham parliamentary borough. Following the Local Government Act 1894, Crossbank constituted one of seven civil parishes within the Limehurst Rural District and administrative county of Lancashire. Unlike the other six parishes, Crossbank was an exclave of Limehurst lying to the north, bordering Lees and Waterhead in Oldham. In 1914, owing to urbanisation, the civil parish was abolished and its area incorporated into the Lees Urban District.
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°10′W / 53.46°N 2.17°W / 53.46; -2.17
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Daisy Nook
Daisy Nook is a country park in Failsworth, Greater Manchester, England. The park runs through the Medlock Valley in an area once called Waterhouses. Waterhouses was one of three 'houses' in the Failsworth area, the other two being Millhouses (now Clayton Bridge) and Woodhouses.
The name Daisy Nook came from a book by Benjamin Brierley titled 'A day out' or 'A Summer Ramble'. Brierley asked his friend Charles Potter, an Oldham Artist, to draw an imaginary place called Daisy Nook. Potter came to nearby Waterhouses to complete his drawing - and from then on the area was known as Daisy Nook.
Brierley's description of Daisy Nook was 'Two Banks seemed to have opened to receive a group of neat whitewashed cottages and after filling them with happiness, surrounded them with a curtain of trees, to shelter them from the outside world. Most of the cottages have gardens attached, growing flowers and vegetables, and there a small orchard displaying its ripening apples'.
Most of Daisy Nook now belongs to the National Trust after it was left to them by the late James Lublam, J.P. 'in order that the fields and woods be kept as a pleasure area'. The park is maintained by Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council.
wn.com/Daisy_Nook -
Danelaw
The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Danelagen), is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the "Danes" held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. It is contrasted with "West Saxon law" and "Mercian law". The term has been extended by modern historians to be geographical. The areas that comprised the Danelaw are in northern and eastern England. The origins of the Danelaw arose from the Viking expansion of the 9th century, although the term was not used to describe a geographic area until the 11th century. With the increase in population and productivity in Scandinavia, Viking warriors, having sought treasure and glory in the nearby British Isles, "proceeded to plough and support themselves", in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, for the year 876.
Danelaw is also used to describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the treaties between the English king, Alfred the Great, and the Danish warlord, Guthrum, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington in 878. In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings.
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Derker
Coordinates: 53°32′56″N 2°05′50″W / 53.549°N 2.097359°W / 53.549; -2.097359
Derker is an area of Oldham, a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies in north-central Oldham, close to the boundary with Royton.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Derker was recorded as a place of residence in 1604 with the name Dirtcar.
Derker is located next to the Greenacres, Higginshaw and Mumps areas of Oldham.
It is the location of Derker railway station.
Derker is said to have terraced residences "unsuited to modern needs", however that is believed to be untrue, it was a small developed, modernly civilized community who looked out for each other, is currently being redeveloped as part of the Housing Market Renewal Initiative. This has been controversial and has been opposed by some local residents who have lobbied Parliament to protest at the demolitions. The then local MP Phil Woolas opposed the demolitions.
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Dobcross
Coordinates: 53°33′18″N 2°00′25″W / 53.555°N 2.007°W / 53.555; -2.007
Dobcross is a village in Saddleworth—a civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It is located in a valley in the South Pennines, along the course of the River Tame and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal, 4.2 miles (6.8 km) east-northeast of Oldham and 13 miles (21 km) west-southwest of Huddersfield.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Dobcross was anciently a chapelry in the Quickmere division of Saddleworth. For centuries, Dobcross was a hamlet, sustained by domestic flannel and woollen cloth production. Many of the original 17th and 18th century barns and weavers' cottages survive today as listed buildings.
Together with neighbouring Delph, Dobcross is, geographically, "considered as the centre of Saddleworth", although is not its largest village centre by some margin. Industrial tycoon Henry Platt was born in Dobcross in 1770. John Schlesinger's 1979 film Yanks was filmed on location in Dobcross, and an annual Yanks festival, coupled with a brass band contest on Whit Friday, each contribute to the village's cultural calendar.
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Droylsden
Coordinates: 53°28′58″N 2°09′30″W / 53.4828°N 2.1582°W / 53.4828; -2.1582
Droylsden is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 4.1 miles (6.6 km) to the east of Manchester city centre, and 2.2 miles (3.5 km) west-southwest of Ashton-under-Lyne, it has a population of 23,172.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Droylsden grew as a mill town around the cotton mills established in the mid-19th century, and the Ashton and Peak Forest canals. Beginning in the early 1930s, Droylsden's population expanded rapidly, as it became a housing overflow area for neighbouring Manchester.
Since 1785, the Fairfield area of Droylsden has been home to the Fairfield Moravian Church, a Moravian community which continues to function in Droylsden today.
Droylsden was settled around 900AD. Before Droylsden became a part of Greater Manchester, it was popularly referred to by Mancunians as "The Silly Country". One suggestion as to the source of that nickname is that once a year, some of the town's folk used to watch an annual carnival by bringing a pig and sitting it on a wall to watch the passing entertainment with them. The Pig on the Wall public house, converted from a farm in 1978, takes its name from that story.
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Dukinfield
Coordinates: 53°28′26″N 2°04′58″W / 53.4739°N 2.0828°W / 53.4739; -2.0828
Dukinfield is a small town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies in central Tameside on the south bank of the River Tame, opposite Ashton-under-Lyne, and is 6.3 miles (10.1 km) east of the city of Manchester. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 18,885.
Historically a part of Cheshire, the town is a product of the Industrial Revolution when its development was accelerated by the growth of coal mining and the cotton industry.
The earliest evidence of human activity around Dukinfield comes from a collection of four flints from the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. The artefacts were discovered on the site of Dukinfield Hall and have been taken as evidence of a prehistoric settlement on the site. There is no further evidence of activity in the area until the Roman period. A 3rd-century bronze Roman coin, from the reign of Emperor Tetricus I was discovered in the town.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Farnworth
Coordinates: 53°32′43″N 2°24′00″W / 53.5452°N 2.3999°W / 53.5452; -2.3999
Farnworth is within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. It is located 2.3 miles (3.7 km) southeast of Bolton, 5 miles south-west of Bury (7 km), and 9 miles (14.5 km) northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Farnworth lies on the River Irwell and the River Croal, and according to the United Kingdom Census 2001 it has a population of 25,264 people.
Farnworth derives from the Old English fearn, fern and worth an enclosure. Farnworth was recorded as Farneworth and Farnewrth in 1278 and 1279 and Ffornword in a land survey of 1282.
Farnworth was originally a hamlet in Barton. In the 13th century it was held by the Lords of Barton and Manchester. By 1320 Adam Lever, Richard Hulton and Richard Redford held the manor as tenants. Later the manor was acquired by the Hultons of Over Hulton. In 1666 there were 91 hearths in Farnworth liable to pay tax. The commons were enclosed in 1798. There was a watermill on the River Croal.
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Glodwick
Coordinates: 53°32′14″N 2°05′04″W / 53.53712°N 2.08446°W / 53.53712; -2.08446
Glodwick (pronounced Glod-ick) is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It is south-east of Oldham town centre.
Glodwick is a multi-ethnic residential area in the south of the Oldham, home particularly to a large community of Pakistanis and British Pakistanis.
Glodwick is marked architecturally by Oldham's history with the Industrial Revolution, particularly cotton spinning. Much of Glodwick's housing remain as red-brick terraces, built originally as dwellings for Oldham's many cotton mill workers.
Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Glodwick, one of the oldest parts of Oldham, was recorded in 1212 as being one of five parts of the thegnage estate of Kaskenmoor, which was held on behalf of King John by Roger de Montbegon and William de Nevill. The other parts of this estate were Crompton, Oldham, Sholver and Werneth. Glodwick later formed part of the township of Oldham within the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salford.
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Golborne
Coordinates: 53°28′33″N 2°35′39″W / 53.4758°N 2.5943°W / 53.4758; -2.5943
Golborne is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies 5.4 miles (8.7 km) south-southeast of Wigan, 6.1 miles (9.8 km) northeast of Warrington and 13.8 miles (22.2 km) to the west of the city of Manchester. It has a population of 23,119.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Golborne owes most of its growth to the mining and textile industry. There was also significant agricultural activity in the village, and many farms still belong to the families who originally owned them.
The name Golborne derives from the Old English golde and burna, and means "stream where marsh marigolds grow". The earliest settlements in the village were on banks of the Millingford Brook- hence the name of the village being taken from a water course where calendula grew. Golborne has been recorded in ancient documents as Goldeburn in 1187, Goldburc in 1201, Goseburn and Goldburn in 1212 and Golburne in 1242. Golborne and Gowborne were 16th century spellings.
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Hathershaw
Coordinates: 53°31′42″N 2°06′44″W / 53.5283°N 2.1123°W / 53.5283; -2.1123
Hathershaw (or archaically Hathershaw Moor) is an urban area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It occupies a hillside to the immediate south of Oldham's town centre, and is bound by the districts of Coppice and Fitton Hill, on the northwest and southeast respectively. Hathershaw, which has no formal boundary or extent, is bisected from north to south by the A627 road which leads to Ashton-under-Lyne.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Hathershaw is one of the oldest recorded named places of Oldham, occurring in a deed for 1280 with the spelling Halselinechaw Clugh. Existing as a manor house in the 15th century, Hathershaw Hall was the home of a Royalist family in the 17th century who lost part of their possessions due to the English Civil War.
Hathershaw is an area identified by the Housing Market Renewal Initiative as having terraced residences unsuited to modern needs, and thus is being gentrified.
The Hathershaw College of Technology and Sport (formerly The Hathershaw College) is a secondary school in Hathershaw. It is a co-educational school of non-denominational religion, and was given Technology and Sports College status under the Specialist School Programme.
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Home Office
The Home Office is a Ministerial department of the UK Government responsible for immigration, security, and order. As such it is responsible for the police, UK Border Agency, and the Security Service (MI5). It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as drugs, counter-terrorism, and ID cards. It was formerly responsible for the Prison Service and Probation Service, but these are now under a newly created Ministry of Justice.
It continues to be known, especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament, by the title, as the Home Department.
The Home Office is headed by the Home Secretary, a Cabinet minister, who is supported by the senior civil servant, the Permanent Secretary.
As of April 2012, the Home Office comprised the following agencies, inspectorates, and public bodies:
The Home Office Ministers are as follows:
Theresa May is also Minister for Women and Equalities and Lynne Featherstone Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Government Equalities Office. Nick Herbert works between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice.
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Horwich
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°33′32″W / 53.593°N 2.559°W / 53.593; -2.559
Horwich (
/ˈhɒrɪtʃ/) is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 5.3 miles (8.5 km) southeast of Chorley, 5.8 miles (9.3 km) northwest of Bolton and 20 miles (32 km) northwest from the city of Manchester. It lies at the southern edge of the West Pennine Moors with the M61 motorway close to the south and west. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Horwich had a population of 19,312.
Historically within Lancashire, Horwich emerged in the Middle Ages as a hunting chase. Streams flowing from the moors were harnessed to provide power for bleachworks and other industry at the start of the Industrial Revolution. The textile industry became a major employer and after 1884 the construction of the railway works caused the population of the town to increase dramatically. The old industries have closed and regeneration has been led by out of town developments, particularly at Middlebrook, which, since 1997 has been the base of Bolton Wanderers football club, who play at the Reebok Stadium, having moved from Burnden Park near Bolton town centre.
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Huddersfield
Coordinates: 53°38′42″N 1°46′47″W / 53.6450°N 1.7798°W / 53.6450; -1.7798
Huddersfield (i/ˈhʌdərzˌfiːld/) is a large market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, situated halfway between Leeds and Manchester. It lies 190 miles (310 km) north of London, and 10.3 miles (16.6 km) south of Bradford, the nearest city.
Huddersfield is near the confluence of the River Colne and the River Holme. Located within the historic county boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire, according to the 2001 Census it was the 10th largest town in the UK and with a total resident population of 146,234. It is the largest urban area in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees and the administrative centre of the borough. The town is well known for its important role in the Industrial Revolution, for being the birthplace of rugby league and for being the birthplace of the late British Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
Huddersfield today is a town of higher education, the media and sports, being home to the rugby league team, Huddersfield Giants, founded in 1895, who currently play in the European Super League and Football League One football team Huddersfield Town F.C., founded in 1908. The town is home to the University of Huddersfield and the sixth form colleges Greenhead College, Kirklees College and Huddersfield New College
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Inverness
Coordinates: 57°28′18″N 4°13′31″W / 57.4717°N 4.2254°W / 57.4717; -4.2254
Inverness (from the Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Nis pronounced [iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ], meaning "Mouth of the River Ness" listen (help·info)) is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for the Highland council area, and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands of Scotland. Inverness lies near two important battle sites: the 11th century battle of Blàr nam Fèinne against Norway which took place on The Aird and the 18th century Battle of Culloden which took place on Culloden Moor. It is the northernmost city in the United Kingdom and lies within the Great Glen (Gleann Mòr) at its north-eastern extremity where the River Ness enters the Moray Firth. At the latest, a settlement was established by the 6th century with the first royal charter being granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (King David I) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king, Mac Bethad mac Findláich (MacBeth) nicknamed An Rígh Dearg (The Red King) held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross.
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Irlam
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°24′48″W / 53.4467°N 2.4133°W / 53.4467; -2.4133
Irlam is a suburban town and unparished area within the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. At the 2001 census it had a population of 18,504. The town lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, and is 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west-southwest of Salford, 7.6 miles (12.2 km) west-southwest of Manchester and 8.3 miles (13.4 km) east-northeast of Warrington. Irlam forms a continuous urban area with Cadishead to the southwest, and is divided from Flixton and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford to the southeast by the Manchester Ship Canal.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Irlam was anciently known as Irwellham, and was an outlying area of Chat Moss, a large peat bog which straddled the River Irwell. Work was carried out during the 19th century to reclaim large areas of Chat Moss to enable the completion of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1829. In 1894 the Irwell was adjusted so that its waters were united with the Manchester Ship Canal, stimulating the growth of Irlam as an inland port. Irlam Urban District was established in the same year and was governed thereafter by its own district council until its abolition in 1974.
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Kaskenmoor School
Kaskenmoor School is a mixed gender comprehensive secondary school for 11 - 16 year old children in the Hollinwood area of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England.
The school has approximately 750 pupils in its attendance. Opened in the mid 1960s and in 2005 Park Dean, Marland Fold and Hill Top Special schools joined the Kaskenmoor campus founding the new special needs school New Bridge.[citation needed] Kaskenmoor's motto is "Building a Community of Learners". The current head teacher is Mr John Alder. The school is currently bidding to become a performing arts college.[citation needed] Because the school was built on marshlands of Oldham there are four separate buildings in the campus.
Although the school has struggled in recent years to provide a satisfactory level of education and teaching, there have been great strides to improve the schools performance - particularly in 2006.[citation needed]
Kaskenmoor has been earmarked by the council as a possible Academy School which could see the school closed and merged with other high schools in Oldham.[citation needed]Kaskenmoor was originally an amalgamation of Greenhill Grammar School and Hollins Secondary Modern School which was then called Kaskenmoor Comprehensive School, even so the classes were setted top three Grammar School classes bottom three Secondary Modern classes each for the most part keeping their own teachers. The head Master Mr. Edwin Grey The teachers from the Grammar School continued to wear their gowns at Morning Assembly and some in class too. The school today has changed and expanded,
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Kearsley
Coordinates: 53°32′N 2°22′W / 53.53°N 2.37°W / 53.53; -2.37
Kearsley (or archaically Kersley) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically within Lancashire, it lies about 8 miles (12 km) northwest of Manchester,4.9 miles (8.9 km) south-west of Bury, and about 3¾ miles (6 km) south of Bolton.
It is bounded on the west by Walkden, the east by Whitefield, the north by Farnworth and the south by Clifton.
Kearsley was once a township in the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Deane, in the Hundred of Salford of Lancashire. Kearsley was an urban district of Lancashire from 1894 until 1974. In 1933, part of Clifton was added to Kearsley Urban District. Part of Outwood, Radcliffe became part of Kearsley in line with the 1933 Lancashire Review.
Kearsley lay within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire and was mentioned as an industrial area in 1752, when James Brindley worked on water drainage problems at the Wet Earth Colliery on the borders of Kearsley and Clifton. In 1780, a mill was built at the point where the River Croal meets the River Irwell In 1830 it was described as:
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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M60 motorway
Coordinates: 53°24′32″N 2°10′28″W / 53.40902°N 2.174349°W / 53.40902; -2.174349
The M60 motorway, Manchester Ring Motorway, or Manchester Orbital, is an orbital motorway circling Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. It passes through all Greater Manchester's metropolitan boroughs except for Wigan and Bolton. Most of the City of Manchester is encompassed within the motorway, except for the southern-most part of the city (primarily the Wythenshawe area and Manchester Airport). The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 and E22.
The M60 is 36.1 miles long and was renamed the M60 in 2000, with the M62 and M63 being amalgamated into the new route. During 2008, the M60 was proposed as a cordon for congestion charging in Greater Manchester, although this was rejected in a referendum relating to the Greater Manchester Transport Innovation Fund. The M60 the only orbital motorway in the United Kingdom, as the M25 motorway in London is not, due to the Dartford Crossing being designated the A282.
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M62 motorway
The M62 motorway is a west–east trans-Pennine motorway in Northern England, connecting Liverpool and Hull via Manchester and Leeds. The road also forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 (Shannon to Saint Petersburg) and E22 (Holyhead to Ishim). The road is 107 miles (172 km) long; for 7 miles (11 km), it shares its route with the M60 motorway around Manchester. The motorway, which was first proposed in the 1930s, and originally conceived as two separate routes, was built in stages between 1971 and 1976, with construction beginning at Pole Moor and finishing in Tarbock on the outskirts of Liverpool. The motorway also absorbed the northern end of the Stretford-Eccles bypass, which was built between 1957 and 1960. Adjusted for inflation to 2007, the motorway cost approximately £765 million to build. The motorway is relatively busy, with an average daily traffic flow of 100,000 cars in Yorkshire, and has several areas prone to gridlock, in particular, between Leeds and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Milnrow
Coordinates: 53°36′36″N 2°06′40″W / 53.6101°N 2.1111°W / 53.6101; -2.1111
Milnrow (pop. 12,500) is a suburban town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Beal at the foothills of the South Pennines, and forms a continuous urban area with Rochdale. It is 1.9 miles (3.1 km) east of Rochdale's town centre, 10.4 miles (16.7 km) north-northeast of the city of Manchester, and spans across urban, suburban and rural locations—from Windy Hill in the east through to the Rochdale Canal in the west. Milnrow includes the villages of Tunshill and Newhey, and is adjacent to junction 21 of the M62 motorway.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Milnrow during the Middle Ages was a hamlet located within the township of Butterworth and parish of Rochdale. It was named by the Anglo-Saxons, but the Norman conquest of England resulted in its ownership by minor Norman families, such as the Schofields and Cleggs. In the 15th century, the descendants of these families successfully agitated for a chapel of ease to be constructed in Milnrow by the banks of the River Beal, triggering its development as the main settlement in Butterworth. Despite this distinction, Milnrow did not increase much further in size or population until the dawn of the woollen trade in the Late Middle Ages.
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Moorside, Oldham
Moorside is a suburb of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. Moorside Cricket Club pay host to matches at their Ripponden Road ground.
Coordinates: 53°33′38″N 2°04′33″W / 53.5605°N 2.0757°W / 53.5605; -2.0757
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Mossley
Coordinates: 53°30′53″N 2°02′19″W / 53.5147°N 2.0387°W / 53.5147; -2.0387
Mossley is a small town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. The town is located in the upper section of the Tame valley in the foothills of the Pennines, 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Ashton-under-Lyne and 8.9 miles (14.3 km) east of Manchester.
Mossley has the distinction of being situated at the conjunction of the historic county boundaries of Lancashire, Cheshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. Local warding and ecclesiastic matters are maintained in Mossley according to these boundaries. At the 2001 census Mossley had a population of 9,856. It is the only parished area of Tameside, having had a parish council since 1999. According to the 1991 census the town was part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area however in the 2001 census it was no longer considered part of that urban area.
Believed to originate in around 1319, the name Mossley means "a woodland clearing by a swamp or bog".
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Northern England
Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North or the North Country, is a cultural region of England. It is not an official government region, but rather an informal amalgamation of counties. The southern extent of the region is roughly the River Trent, while the North is bordered by Scotland.
Northern England comprises three regions of England - the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. The counties of Northern England combined have a population of around 14.5 million covering an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi).
During antiquity most of the area was part of Brigantia — homeland of the Brigantes and the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain. After the Roman conquest of Britain the city of York became capital of the area, called Britannia Inferior then Britannia Secunda. In Sub-Roman Britain new Brythonic kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd emerged. The Angle settlers created Bernicia and Deira from which came Northumbria and a Golden Age in cultural, scholarly and monastic activity, centred around Lindisfarne and aided by Irish monks.Norse and Gaelic Viking raiders gained control of much of the area, creating the Danelaw. During this time there were close relations with Mann and the Isles, Dublin and Norway. Northumbria was unified with the rest of England under Eadred around 952.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann pronounced [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] (
listen), Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann or Norlin Airlan) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. As of 2001, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Northern Ireland is largely self-governing. According to the agreement, Northern Ireland co-operates with the rest of Ireland – from which it was partitioned in 1921 — on some policy areas, while other areas are reserved for the Government of the United Kingdom, though the Republic of Ireland "may put forward views and proposals".
Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a violent and bitter inter-communal conflict — the Troubles — which was caused by divisions between nationalists, who are predominantly Roman Catholic, and unionists, who are predominantly Protestant. Unionists want Northern Ireland to remain as a part of the United Kingdom, and generally see themselves as British, while nationalists wish for it to be politically reunited with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule, and generally see themselves as Irish. Additionally, people from both sides of the community may describe themselves as Northern Irish. Since 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.
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Oldham Above Town
Oldham Above Town was, from 1851 until c.1881, a statistical unit used for the gathering and organising of civil registration information, and output of census information. It was a sub-district of the larger registration district of Oldham, in the then registration county of Lancashire, in England.
The sub-district has since been abolished and is thus now obsolete. The area which the unit covered having been amalgamated finally (due to urban sprawl and successive legislation) as part of the town of Oldham, in the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester.
Unlike neighbouring Oldham Below Town, the area was broadly rural and encompassed a number of small settlements and hamlets in the Pennine hills and moorland, north east of Oldham town centre. The district stretched from parts of Mumps, through Greenacres to Lees, including the areas of Salem, Waterhead, New Bank, Watersheddings, and part of what is now considered Lees.
Oldham Above Town appears on several England and Wales census transcripts/returns as a place of birth and dwelling for many people of Oldham.
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Oldham Below Town
Oldham Below Town was, from 1851 until c.1881, a statistical unit used for the gathering and organising of civil registration information, and output of census information. It was a sub-district of the larger registration district of Oldham, in the then registration county of Lancashire, England.
The sub-district has since been abolished and is thus now obsolete. The area which the unit covered having been amalgamated finally (due to urban sprawl and successive legislation) as part of the town of Oldham, in the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester.
Unlike neighbouring Oldham Above Town, the area was broadly urban and encompassed several residential districts south and west of Oldham central including Westwood.
Oldham Below Town appears on several England and Wales census transcripts/returns as a place of birth and dwelling for many people of Oldham.
Coordinates: 53°30′N 2°06′W / 53.5°N 2.1°W / 53.5; -2.1
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Oldham Boro F.C.
Oldham Boro Football Club is an English association football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. They are currently members of Division One of the North West Counties League.
Oldham Dew F.C. was established in 1964 by George Dew, a local building contractor, as a works football team. For the first two seasons, the club played amateur football with their home ground being at a local sports club.
After two seasons in amateur play, the club moved to Saturday football in South East Lancashire League. The club gradually expanded and sought a higher level of competition, eventually moving into the Lancashire Combination League in 1981. In 1982 the Lancashire Combination merged with the Cheshire County League to form the North West Counties Football League, of which Dew were founder members in Division Three.
In 1985 the club changed its name from Oldham Dew to Oldham Town. At the end of that season they gained promotion to Division Two, before the resignation of Ken Hughes, as he became chairman of the club. They have remained in that division (now named the First Division) ever since.
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Oldham Town
Oldham Boro Football Club is an English association football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. They are currently members of Division One of the North West Counties League.
Oldham Dew F.C. was established in 1964 by George Dew, a local building contractor, as a works football team. For the first two seasons, the club played amateur football with their home ground being at a local sports club.
After two seasons in amateur play, the club moved to Saturday football in South East Lancashire League. The club gradually expanded and sought a higher level of competition, eventually moving into the Lancashire Combination League in 1981. In 1982 the Lancashire Combination merged with the Cheshire County League to form the North West Counties Football League, of which Dew were founder members in Division Three.
In 1985 the club changed its name from Oldham Dew to Oldham Town. At the end of that season they gained promotion to Division Two, before the resignation of Ken Hughes, as he became chairman of the club. They have remained in that division (now named the First Division) ever since.
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Ordnance Survey
Ordnance Survey (Welsh: Arolwg Ordnans), an executive agency and non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom, is the national mapping agency for Great Britain, producing maps of Great Britain (and to an extent, the Isle of Man), and one of the world's largest producers of maps with a particular both historical and architectural form in the maps resulting from the conflict at both local and world level of the scales of maps known from the 19th Century as the 'Battle of the Scales'.
The name reflects its creation together with the original military purpose of the organisation (see ordnance and surveying) in the first instance in mapping Scotland at the time of the creation of the British United Kingdom following many centuries of conflict and confirmed later during the Napoleonic Wars when there was a threat of invasion from France, and its logo includes the War Department's broad arrow heraldic mark. Ordnance Survey mapping is usually classified as 'large scale' (i.e. showing more detail) or 'small scale'. Large-scale mapping comprises maps at six inches to the mile or more (1:10,560, superseded by 1:10,000 in the 1950s); it was available in sheet-map form till the 1980s, since when it has become digital. Small-scale mapping comprises maps at fewer than six inches to the mile and includes the "leisure maps", such as the popular one inch to the mile and its metric successors, still available in traditional sheet-map form. Ordnance Survey of Great Britain maps are in copyright for 50 years after publication date. Some of the Copyright Libraries hold complete or near-complete collections of pre-digital O.S. mapping.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Peterloo Massacre
Coordinates: 53°28′41″N 2°14′49″W / 53.478°N 2.247°W / 53.478; -2.247
The Peterloo Massacre (or Battle of Peterloo) occurred at St Peter's Field, Manchester, England, on 16 August 1819, when cavalry charged into a crowd of 60,000–80,000 that had gathered to demand the reform of parliamentary representation.
The end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 had resulted in periods of famine and chronic unemployment, exacerbated by the introduction of the first of the Corn Laws. By the beginning of 1819 the pressure generated by poor economic conditions, coupled with the lack of suffrage in northern England, had enhanced the appeal of political radicalism. In response, the Manchester Patriotic Union, a group agitating for parliamentary reform, organised a demonstration to be addressed by the well-known radical orator Henry Hunt.
Shortly after the meeting began, local magistrates called on the military authorities to arrest Hunt and several others on the hustings with him, and to disperse the crowd. Cavalry charged into the crowd with sabres drawn, and in the ensuing confusion, 15 people were killed and 400–700 were injured. The massacre was given the name Peterloo in ironic comparison to the Battle of Waterloo, which had taken place four years earlier.
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Platt Brothers
Platt Brothers & Co Ltd, (also known as Platt Bros. of Oldham) was a British company based at Oldham, in North West England. They were textile machinery manufacturers, iron founders and colliery proprietors, and by the end of the 19th century, had become the largest textile machinery company in the world, employing over 12,000 workers.
Henry Platt was a blacksmith who in 1770 was manufacturing carding equipment, in Dobcross, Saddleworth, to the east of Oldham. His grandson, also called Henry founded a similar business in Uppermill. In 1820, Henry the Grandson moved to Huddersfield Road, Oldham and re-established his business there. He and Elijah Hibbert formed the partnership Hibbert and Platt. Henry's sons, Joseph and John joined the firm and it was renamed Hibbert Platt and Sons. Henry died in 1842 and Elijah in 1854.
All the shares went to the Platt family: the company became Platt Brothers & Company. In 1844 the Platts acquired the Hartford New Work Werneth area of Oldham. In 1868, they moved their headquarters from the 'Old Works' to the 'New Works' and took on limited liability status. When John Platt died in 1872 the company employed 7,000 men and had established itself as the world's largest textile machinery manufacturer. In the 1890s it was estimated it supported 42% of Oldham's population.
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Prestwich
Coordinates: 53°32′00″N 2°17′00″W / 53.5333°N 2.2833°W / 53.5333; -2.2833
Prestwich is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies close to the River Irwell, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) north of Manchester city centre, 3.1 miles (5 km) north of Salford and 4.7 miles (7.6 km) south of Bury.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Prestwich's early history is marked by its status as the seat of the ancient parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salfordshire. The Church of St Mary the Virgin—a Grade I listed building—has lain at the centre of the community for centuries.
The oldest part of Prestwich developed around Bury New Road and is known as "Prestwich Village". There is a large Jewish community in Prestwich and Whitefield, neighbouring Broughton Park in Salford and parts of Cheetham Hill and Crumpsall, which forms the second-largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom.
The name Prestwich is possibly of Saxon origin, derived from Priest Wic, which in Old English translates to "the priest's farmed land". Another possible derivation of the town's name is "Priest's retreat". Wic was a place-name element derived from the Latin vicus, place. Its most common meaning is dairy-farm. The township was variously recorded as Prestwich in 1194, Prestwic in 1202 and Prestewic in 1203.
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Ramsbottom
Coordinates: 53°38′54″N 2°19′01″W / 53.6484°N 2.3169°W / 53.6484; -2.3169
Ramsbottom is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. It is situated on the course of the River Irwell, in the West Pennine Moors.Historically within Lancashire, it is located 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north-northwest of Bury, and 12 miles (19 km) north-northwest of Manchester. The name Ramsbottom is believed to derive from the Old English words ramm and botm, meaning "valley of the ram". Ramsbottom is described as a "thriving market town in spectacular surroundings". Its Victorian architecture, Pennine landscape, its industrial heritage and the heritage East Lancashire Railway station contribute to cultural tourism in the town.
The name probably means "ram's valley" from Old English ramm (ram) and botm (valley). However some toponymists interpret it as wild-garlic-valley, with the first element representing the Old English hramsa meaning "wild garlic". A record from 1324 giving the name as Ramesbothum is inconclusive. The town was alternatively recorded as Ramysbothom in 1540.
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River Bollin
The River Bollin is a major tributary of the River Mersey in the north-west of England.
It rises in Macclesfield Forest at the western end of the Peak District, and can be seen in spring form, from the Buxton to Macclesfield road. The stream then descends the 10 miles (16 km) through Macclesfield and Wilmslow where it has a confluence with the River Dean, near to Styal Prison. For the following 10 miles (16 km) it defines the southwestern portion of the border between Greater Manchester and Cheshire before merging with the River Mersey north of Lymm. It flows through the Styal country park and was used in the cotton calico factory there, Quarry Bank Mill, as a source of power. Near to the Quarry Bank Mill site there is a natural weir. The Bollin is culverted underneath the southern runway of Manchester Airport.
The town of Macclesfield used to dispose all its waste and sewage into the Bollin. The profusion of human sewage in the Bollin was still around in 1850.
Coordinates: 53°24′N 2°26′W / 53.4°N 2.433°W / 53.4; -2.433
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Royton
Coordinates: 53°33′58″N 2°07′16″W / 53.566°N 2.121°W / 53.566; -2.121
Royton (pop. 21,000) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies by the source of the River Irk, on undulating land at the foothills of the Pennines, 1.7 miles (2.7 km) north-northwest of Oldham, 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south-southeast of Rochdale and 7.6 miles (12.2 km) northeast of the city of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Royton and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient British, Roman and Viking activity in the area. During the Middle Ages, Royton formed a small township centred on Royton Hall, a manor house owned by a long succession of dignitaries which included the Byrons and Radcliffes. A settlement expanded outwards from the hall which, by as late as 1780, "contained only a few straggling and mean-built cottages". Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
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Salford (hundred)
Coordinates: 53°33′38″N 2°17′57″W / 53.5606°N 2.2991°W / 53.5606; -2.2991
The hundred of Salford was an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England. It was sometimes known as Salfordshire, the name alluding to its judicial centre being the township of Salford (the suffix -shire meaning the territory was appropriated to the prefixed settlement). It is also known as the Royal Manor of Salford and the Salford wapentake.
The Manor or Hundred of Salford had Anglo-Saxon origins. The Domesday Book recorded that the area was held in 1066 by Edward the Confessor. Salford was recorded as part of the territory of Inter Ripam et Mersam or "Between Ribble and Mersey", and it was included with the information about Cheshire, though it cannot be said clearly to have been part of Cheshire.
The area became a subdivision of the County Palatine of Lancaster (or Lancashire) on its creation in 1182.
In spite of its incorporation into Lancashire, Salford Hundred retained a separate jurisdiction for the administration of justice, known as the Court Leet, View of frankpledge, and Court of Record of our Sovereign Lord the King for his Hundred or Wapentake of Salford. Exceptionally for hundred courts, Salford survived until the 19th century. The lordship of Salford passed with the Duchy of Lancaster to the Crown, and a serjeant or bailiff was appointed to administer the hundred on the king's behalf. In 1436 the office of Hereditary Steward of the Wapentake of Salfordshire was granted to Sir Robert Molyneux of Sefton. The office was held by Sir Robert's successors, the Earls of Sefton until 1972.
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Shaw and Crompton
Coordinates: 53°34′37″N 2°05′31″W / 53.577°N 2.092°W / 53.577; -2.092
Shaw and Crompton is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Beal at the foothills of the South Pennines, 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Oldham, 3.6 miles (5.8 km) southeast of Rochdale, and 8.7 miles (14 km) to the northeast of the city of Manchester. It is regularly referred to as Shaw.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Crompton (as it was originally known) and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient British and Anglian activity in the area. During the Middle Ages, Crompton formed a small township of scattered woods, farmsteads, moorland, and swamp with a small and close community of families. The local lordship was weak or absent, and so Crompton failed to emerge as a manor with its own lord and court. Farming was the main industry of this broadly independent and self-supporting rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
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Sholver
Coordinates: 53°33′58″N 2°04′29″W / 53.566097°N 2.074748°W / 53.566097; -2.074748
Sholver is an area of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. An elevated, residential area, it lies near the middle of the Oldham part of the valley of the River Beal, 2.1 miles (3.4 km) northeast of Oldham's commercial centre, nearly at the northeastern-most extremity of the town, by open countryside close to the source of the River Medlock and by the border with Saddleworth.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Sholver and its surroundings have provided archaeological evidence of Neolithic activity in the area. The name Sholver is of Old Norse derivation, and the locality, anciently, was a hamlet, independent of Oldham. Top Sholver is the site of a large council estate built in the 1960s.Bottom Sholver consists of higher-value suburban semi-detached housing, built in the 1990s, although it still contains a very small number of council houses.
The earliest known evidence of a human presence in what is now Sholver and adjacient Moorside is attested by the discovery of Neolithic flint arrow-heads and workings found at Beesom Hill, implying habitation 7–10,000 years ago.
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Slovenia
Slovenia (i/sloʊˈviːniə/ sloh-VEE-nee-ə, Slovene: Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija, [reˈpublika sloˈveːnija]) is a Slavic nation state, situated in South-Central Europe, at the crossroad of main European cultural and trade routes. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Croatia to the south and southeast, and Hungary to the northeast. It covers 20,273 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi) and has a population of 2.05 million. It is a parliamentary republic, member of the European Union and NATO. Relative to its geography, history, economy, culture, and language, it is a very diverse country distinguished by a transitional character. It is characterised by a high economic and social level. Its capital and largest city is Ljubljana.
The territory of Slovenia is mainly hilly or mountainous and has an exceptionally high landscape and biological diversity and a mosaic structure, which are a result of natural attributes and the long-lasting presence of humans. Four major European geographic units interweave here: the Alps, the Dinaric Alps, the Mediterranean, with a small portion of coastline along the Adriatic Sea, and the Pannonian Plain. The climate is temperate and significantly influenced by the variety of territory, with a strong interaction of the continental climate, the sub-Mediterranean climate and Alpine climate across most of the country. The country is one of the water-richest in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karstic underground watercourses. Over half of the territory is covered by forest.
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South Pennines
Coordinates: 53°37′16″N 1°44′28″W / 53.621°N 1.741°W / 53.621; -1.741
The South Pennines is a region of moorland and hill country in Northern England lying towards the southern end of the Pennines. It is bounded to the west by the Forest of Rossendale (sometimes referred to as the West Pennines) and the Yorkshire Dales to the north. To the east it is fringed by the towns of West and South Yorkshire whilst to the south it is often considered to end at the northern edge of the Peak District national park. However some definitions of the region include the Peak District which extends to the eastern fringes of Greater Manchester and Cheshire and into north Derbyshire and a small part of north west Staffordshire.
A number of densely populated valleys are incised into these uplands, notably that of the River Calder which provides a low-level route for road, railway and canal between Lancashire and West Yorkshire. The towns of Hebden Bridge and Todmorden are situated within their confines. The region is surrounded by former mill towns such as Burnley, Nelson, Colne, Littleborough and Halifax.
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Stockport
Coordinates: 53°24′30″N 2°08′58″W / 53.4083°N 2.1494°W / 53.4083; -2.1494
Stockport ( /ˈstɒkpɔːt/) is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground 6 miles (10 km) southeast of Manchester city centre, at the point where the rivers Goyt and Tame join and create the River Mersey. Stockport is the largest settlement in the metropolitan borough of the same name. As of the 2001 Census the town had a population of 136,082 and the wider borough 281,000.
Historically, the town is mostly within Cheshire, but is historically also a part of Lancashire, to the north of the Mersey. Stockport in the 16th century was a small town entirely on the southbank of the Mersey, and known for the cultivation of hemp and rope manufacture. In the 18th century the town had one of the first mechanised silk factories in the British Isles. However, Stockport's predominant industries of the 19th century were the cotton and allied industries. Stockport was also at the centre of the country's hatting industry which by 1884 was exporting more than six million hats a year; the last hat works in Stockport closed in 1997. The town's hatting heritage is preserved at 'Hat Works – the Museum of Hatting'.
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Stretford
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°18′31″W / 53.4466°N 2.3086°W / 53.4466; -2.3086
Stretford (pop. 37,500) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Lying on flat ground between the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) to the southwest of Manchester city centre, 3.0 miles (4.8 km) south-southwest of Salford and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) northeast of Altrincham. Stretford is contiguous with the suburb of Chorlton-cum-Hardy to the east, and the towns of Urmston to the west, Salford to the north, and Sale to the south. The Bridgewater Canal bisects the town.
Historically a part of Lancashire, during much of the 19th century Stretford was an agricultural village known locally as Porkhampton, a reference to the large number of pigs produced for the nearby Manchester market. It was also an extensive market gardening area, producing more than 500 long tons (508 t) of vegetables each week for sale in Manchester by 1845. The arrival of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894, and the subsequent development of the Trafford Park Industrial Estate in the north of the town, accelerated the industrialisation that had begun in the late 19th century. By 2001, less than 1% of Stretford's population was employed in agriculture.
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The Oldham College
Coordinates: 53°32′35″N 2°07′12″W / 53.543°N 2.120°W / 53.543; -2.120
Oldham College, is a further education college based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.
Oldham College was founded in 1893 when a donation from the Platt Brothers led to the establishment of the school of art and science in the town. This majestic building on Union Street still survives to this day.
In the post war years it became increasingly apparent that the college needed to expand to support the growing textile and engineering industries which dominated the local economy. In 1954 the new Oldham Technical College opened on Rochdale Road.
In 1987 The College dropped the word “Technical” from its name to reflect the much broader range of courses it offered. Today the College continues to offer a wide range of vocational courses, both full and part-time.
The College currently has over 10,000 students studying over 900 courses, making it the largest centre of further education in Oldham. It is in the top 10% of colleges in the country; rated "outstanding" by Ofsted, and holds LSIS Beacon Status. Status for excellence in its delivery of learning skills.
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Trafford
Coordinates: 53°26′N 2°18′W / 53.433°N 2.3°W / 53.433; -2.3
Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. With an estimated population of about 211,800 in 2006, it covers 41 square miles (106 km2) and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as a merger of the municipal boroughs of Altrincham, Sale, and Stretford, the urban districts of Bowdon, Hale, and Urmston and part of Bucklow Rural District. All were previously in Cheshire, apart from Stretford and Urmston which were in Lancashire. The River Mersey flows through the borough, separating North Trafford from South Trafford. Historically the Mersey also acted as the boundary between the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Trafford area has a long heritage, with evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Roman activity. Amongst the relics of the past are two castles – one of them a Scheduled Ancient Monument – and over 200 listed buildings. The area underwent change in the late 19th century and the population rapidly expanded with the arrival of the railway. Trafford is the home of Manchester United F.C. and Lancashire County Cricket Club and since 2002 the Imperial War Museum North.
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Tyldesley
Coordinates: 53°31′00″N 2°28′00″W / 53.5166°N 2.4668°W / 53.5166; -2.4668
Tyldesley ( /ˈtɪlzliː/ or /ˈtɪlsliː/) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. It occupies an area north of Chat Moss near the foothills of the West Pennine Moors, 7.7 miles (12.4 km) east-southeast of Wigan and 8.9 miles (14.3 km) west-northwest of the city of Manchester. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Tyldesley, which includes the outlying areas of Astley, Shakerley, Mosley Common and New Manchester, had a population of 34,000.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Tyldesley and its surroundings have provided evidence for the remains of a Roman road passing through the area on the ancient course between Coccium (Wigan) and Mamucium (Manchester). Following the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain, Tyldesley was part of the manor of Warrington, until the Norman conquest of England, when Tyldesley constituted a township by the name of Tyldesley-with-Shakerley in the ancient parish of Leigh.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Urmston
Coordinates: 53°26′55″N 2°22′29″W / 53.4487°N 2.3747°W / 53.4487; -2.3747
Urmston /ˈɜrmstən/ ( listen) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of around 41,000.Historically a part of Lancashire, it lies about six miles (10 km) to the southwest of Manchester city centre. The southern boundary is marked by the River Mersey and the Mersey Valley, with Stretford lying to the east and Flixton to the west. Davyhulme lies to the north of the town centre. Urmston covers an area of 4,799 acres (19 km²).
The town has early medieval origins, and until the arrival of the railway in 1873 was a small farming community. The railway acted as a catalyst, transforming the town into a residence for the middle classes. Today, Urmston is one of the major urban areas within Trafford: it includes the areas of Davyhulme and Flixton.
In 1983, during an excavation by South Trafford Archaeological Group, fragments of Roman pottery were found in the area now occupied by Urmston cemetery – previously the site of Urmston Old Hall – suggesting that there may have been a Roman settlement on the site. In the early 13th century, Lord Greenhalgh and his family lived Highfield House (under what is now the M60 motorway).
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Walkden
Coordinates: 53°31′26″N 2°23′57″W / 53.5239°N 2.3991°W / 53.5239; -2.3991
Walkden is a town within the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) west-northwest of Salford, and 7 miles (11.3 km) west-northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of the township of Worsley in Lancashire, Walkden was a centre for coal mining and textile manufacture.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Walkden had a total resident population of 38,685.
The name Walkden or Walkeden derives from the Old English denu, a valley, belonging to a man possibly called Wealca (literally meaning 'the fuller', an Old English personal name. It has been in existence since at least the 13th century. The name was recorded in documents dating to 1246.
A Roman road crossed the area roughly on the line of the present A6 road through Walkden and Little Hulton. In 1313 in a dispute involving land, a jury decided that Walkden was too small to be considered a hamlet or a town but was "only a place in Farnworth". In the 15th century Walkden appears to have covered a wider area than at present, spreading into Farnworth and Little Hulton. In 1765 'Walkden Moor' was the subject of a parliamentary Enclosure Act. The Duke of Bridgewater was the biggest landowner in 1786, owning over half the land.
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West End theatre
West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London's 'Theatreland', the West End. Along with New York's Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London.
Total attendances first surpassed 12 million in 2002 and 13 million in 2007, setting a new record for the West End. Since the late 1990s there has been an increase in the number of famous screen actors on the London stage.
The Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation. The first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain. Both are known to have been used by William Shakespeare's company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark, where it was used in building the Globe Theatre in a new theatre district formed, beyond the controls of the City corporation. These theatres were closed in 1642 during the interregnum.
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Westhoughton
Coordinates: 53°32′53″N 2°31′44″W / 53.548°N 2.529°W / 53.548; -2.529
Westhoughton ( /wɛstˈhɔːtən/) is a town and civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. It is 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Bolton, 5 miles (8 km) east of Wigan and 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Westhoughton was once a centre for mining, cotton-spinning and textile manufacture. However, today it is predominantly a residential town with a total population of 23,056.
As well as the central town area, Westhoughton incorporates several adjacent "villages" and hamlets which have their own distinctive character, sports traditions and amenities including railway stations. These include Wingates (famous for its Wingates Brass Band), White Horse, Over Hulton, Four Gates (or locally Fourgates), Chequerbent (which was all but destroyed by the building of the motorway), Hunger Hill, Snydale, Hart Common, Marsh Brook, Daisy Hill and Dobb Brow.
The name Westhoughton is derived from the Old English, "halh" (dialectal "haugh") for a nook or corner of land, and "tun" for a farmstead or settlement – meaning a "westerly settlement in a corner of land". Its name has been spelt various ways, often the "West-" affix was omitted. In 1210 it was spelt as Halcton, 1240 as Westhalcton, 1292 as Westhalghton, 1302 as Westhalton, and in the 16th century as Westhaughton and Westhoughton.
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Wigan
Coordinates: 53°32′41″N 2°37′54″W / 53.5448°N 2.6318°W / 53.5448; -2.6318
Wigan ( /ˈwɪɡən/) is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, 7.9 miles (13 km) south-west of Bolton, 10 miles (16 km) north of Warrington and 16 miles (25.7 km) west-northwest of Manchester. Wigan is the largest settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and is its administrative centre. The town of Wigan had a total population of 81,203 in 2001, whilst the wider borough has a population of 305,600. The town is the headquarters of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, the top tier administrative body for Greater Manchester.
Historically in the county of Lancashire, Wigan during classical antiquity was in the territory of the Brigantes, an ancient Celtic tribe that ruled much of northern England. The Brigantes were subjugated in the Roman conquest of Britain during the 1st century, and it is asserted that the Roman settlement of Coccium was established where Wigan lies. Wigan is believed to have been incorporated as a borough in 1246 following the issue of a charter by King Henry III of England. At the end of the Middle Ages it was one of four boroughs in Lancashire possessing Royal charters; the others were Lancaster, Liverpool, and Preston.
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Worsley
Coordinates: 53°30′33″N 2°23′04″W / 53.5093°N 2.3845°W / 53.5093; -2.3845
Worsley is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies along the course of Worsley Brook, 5.75 miles (9.25 km) west of Manchester. The M60 motorway bisects the area.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Worsley has provided evidence of Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity, including two Roman roads. The completion in 1761 of the Bridgewater Canal allowed Worsley to expand from a small village of cottage industries to an important town based upon cotton manufacture, iron-working, brick-making and extensive coal mining. Later expansion came after the First and Second World Wars, when large urban estates were built in the region.
Today, Worsley is under consideration to be made a World Heritage Site, including Worsley Delph, a scheduled monument. A significant part of the town's historic centre is now a conservation area.
Worsley is first mentioned in a Pipe roll of 1195–96 as Werkesleia, in the claim of a Hugh Putrell to a part of the fee of two knights in nearby Barton-upon-Irwell and Worsley. There are many variations on the name; Werkesleia, 1195; Wyrkedele, 1212; Whurkedeleye, c. 1220; Worketley, 1254; Worcotesley, Workedesle, 1276; Wrkesley, Wrkedeley, Workedeley, 1292; Wyrkeslegh, Workesley, 1301; Worsley, 1444; and "Workdisley alias Workesley alias Worseley", 1581. The spelling of the name in early documents, suggests a Saxon origin. Ge-Weore, the Old English form of the name, means "the cleared place which was cultivated or settled." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles contain no references to Worsley.
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Wythenshawe
Coordinates: 53°23′32″N 2°15′50″W / 53.3923°N 2.264°W / 53.3923; -2.264
Wythenshawe ( /ˈwɪðənʃɔː/; pop. 66,000) is a district in the south of the city of Manchester, England.
Historically within Cheshire, in 1931 Wythenshawe was transferred to the City of Manchester, which had begun building a massive housing estate there in the 1920s to resolve the problem of its inner city slums. With an area of approximately 11 square miles (28 km2), Wythenshawe has often been referred to as one of the largest council housing estates in Europe, although a significant proportion of the estate is now privately owned housing.
The district comprises nine areas: Baguley, Benchill, Peel Hall, Newall Green, Woodhouse Park, Moss Nook, Sharston, Northenden and Northern Moor. The boundaries of these areas have changed throughout the district's history, and previously known areas such as Brownley Green and Crossacres have since been assimilated into one of the areas listed above, though many residents still refer to them by name.
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York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
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Albert Toft
Albert Toft (3 June 1862, Handsworth, Birmingham, the son of Charles Toft (1832–1909) and Rosanna Reeves - 18 December 1949 Worthing, Sussex) was an English sculptor.
Toft trained in Wedgwood's pottery and studied sculpture at the South Kensington Schools under Professor Edouard Lanteri.
The Spirit of Contemplation
Four bronze statues at the Hall of Memory, Birmingham, representing the three armed services and the women's services
Henry Richard statue in Tregaron
South African memorial (1906), Cannon Hill Park
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Anglo-Saxons
The term Anglo-Saxon is used by some historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Britain beginning in the early 5th century and the period from their creation of the English nation up to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon era denotes the period of English history between about 550 and 1066. The term is also used for the language, now known as Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in England (and part of southeastern Scotland) between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
The Benedictine monk Bede, writing in the early 8th century, identified the English as the descendants of three Germanic tribes:
Their language, Old English, which derived from Ingvaeonic West Germanic dialects, transformed into Middle English from the 11th century. Old English was divided into four main dialects: West Saxon, Mercian, Northumbrian and Kentish.
The term Anglo-Saxon can be found in documents produced in the time of Alfred the Great, who seems to have frequently used the titles rex Anglorum Saxonum and rex Angul-Saxonum (king of the English Saxons). The Old English terms ænglisc ('Angle-kin') and Angelcynn ('gens Anglorum') had already lost their original sense of referring to the Angles, as distinct from the Saxons, when they are first attested. In their earliest sense they referred to the nation of Germanic peoples who settled eastern Britain from the 5th century.[citation needed] The indigenous Britons, who wrote in both Latin and Welsh, referred to these invaders as 'Saxones' or 'Saeson' – the word Saeson is the modern Welsh word for 'English people'; the equivalent word in Scottish Gaelic is Sasannach and in the Irish language, Sasanach.
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Anne Kirkbride
Anne Kirkbride (born 21 June 1954 in Oldham, Lancashire) is an English actress, best known for her long-running role as Deirdre Barlow in Coronation Street which she has played for thirty-nine years.
Kirkbride was noticed by casting directors for the British soap opera Coronation Street while she did a Jack Rosenthal play for Granada called Another Sunday and Sweet FA (1972). She was offered to play the bit part of Deirdre Hunt in November 1972. After a few appearances, the character's popularity grew and after further appearances in 1973, Kirkbride signed a contract with the serial in 1974. Since then, Deirdre has become synonymous with a scratchy voice (caused by real-life chain smoking) and very big spectacles.
In 1998 Kirkbride appeared on This Is Your Life during the same time she was battling severe depression. In 2001, Kirkbride completed a documentary entitled Deirdre & Me.This was a 60 minute special to celebrate her 30th year of playing Deirdre.
In 2007, Kirkbride starred in the first episode of ITV1's You Don't Know You're Born.
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Annie Kenney
Annie Kenney (13 September 1879 – 9 July 1953) was an English working class suffragette who became a leading figure in the Women's Social and Political Union. She attracted the attention of the press and the public in 1905, when she, and Christabel Pankhurst, were imprisoned for several days for assault and obstruction, after heckling Sir Edward Grey at a Liberal rally in Manchester on the issue of votes for women. This incident is credited with inaugurating a new phase in the struggle for women's suffrage in the UK, with the adoption of militant tactics.
Annie was born in Springhead, in Saddleworth, Yorkshire, on 13 September 1879, the 4th daughter (of 12 children) of Nelson Horatio Kenney and Anne Wood; the family was poor and working class, and Kenney started part-time work in a local Cotton Mill at the age of 10, as well as attending school; turning full-time at 13 - which involved 12-hour shifts from 6 in the morning to 6 in the evening. She was employed as a "tenter", a weaver's assistant, part of her job being to fit the bobbins and to attend to the strands of fleece when they broke; during one such operation, one of her fingers was ripped off by a spinning bobbin. She remained at the mill for 15 years, becoming involved in trade-union activities, furthering her education through self-study, and promoting the study of literature amongst her work colleagues - inspired by Robert Blatchford's publication, The Clarion; she was also a regular church attender .
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Bernard Cribbins
Bernard Cribbins, OBE (born 29 December 1928) is an English character actor, voice-over artist and musical comedian with a career spanning over half a century who came to prominence in films in the 1960s, has been in work consistently since his professional debut in the mid 1950s, and as of 2012 is still an active performer.
He is particularly known to British audiences as the story-telling narrator in The Wombles, a children's programme which ran for 40 episodes between 1973 and 1975. He also recorded several hit novelty records in the early 1960s and was a regular and prolific performer on Jackanory on BBC TV between 1966 and 1991. Cribbins' most recent prominent role has been as Wilfred Mott, companion of the Tenth Doctor in Doctor Who.
Born in Derker, Oldham, Lancashire, Cribbins served an apprenticeship at the Oldham Repertory Theatre, taking a break during his years of study to undertake national service with the Parachute Regiment in his late teens.
Cribbins made his first West End theatre appearance in 1956 at the Arts Theatre playing the two Dromios in A Comedy of Errors and co-starred in the first West End productions of Not Now Darling, There Goes the Bride and Run for Your Wife. He also starred in the revue And Another Thing, and recorded a single of a song from the show entitled "Folksong". In 1962 he recorded two comic songs, "Hole in the Ground" (in which an embittered workman murders a bowler-hatted harasser) and followed it with "Right Said Fred" (in which a group of workmen struggle to relocate something resembling a piano). Both were produced by George Martin for Parlophone, with music by Ted Dicks and lyrics by Myles Rudge. "Hole in the Ground" reached No. 1 in the charts, and the other two songs reached high positions.
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Bishop of Exeter
The Bishop of Exeter is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter in the Province of Canterbury. The incumbent usually signs his name as Exon or incorporates this in his signature.
From the first bishop until the sixteenth century the Bishops of Exeter were in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. However during the Reformation the church in England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily and later more permanently. Since the Reformation, the Bishop and Diocese of Exeter has been part of the Church of England and of the Anglican Communion.
The current bishop is the Right Reverend Dr. Michael Langrish, the seventieth Lord Bishop of Exeter, who signs Michael Exon.
The history of Christianity in the South West of England remains to some degree obscure. At a certain point the historical county of Devon formed part of the diocese of Wessex. About 703 Devon and Cornwall were included in the separate Diocese of Sherborne and in 900 this was again divided, the Devon bishop having from 905 his seat at Tawton (now Bishop's Tawton) and from 912 at Crediton, birthplace of St Boniface. Lyfing became Bishop of Crediton in 1027 and shortly afterwards became Bishop of Cornwall.
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Bobby Ball
Bobby Ball is one half of the comedy double act Cannon and Ball, along with Tommy Cannon.
He was born Robert Harper at Boundary Park Hospital, Oldham, Lancashire on 28th January 1944, to May (née Savage) and Bob Harper. He attended High Crompton Secondary, Shaw, Oldham.
Ball went to work in a factory to work as a welder and it was here that he met his future partner, Thomas Derbyshire. Cannon and Ball have been in show business for 46 years. Their prime time Saturday night television series, the Cannon and Ball Show, was one of LWT's most successful series, with consistently high viewing ratings for twelve years. They starred in the film 'The Boys in Blue' together in 1982 and guest starred in the Eric Sykes slapstick film, 'Mr H is Late' in 1988. Other notable guest appearances were 'the Kenny Everett Show' in 1982 and 'Shooting Stars' in 1996.
Cannon and Ball appeared in the fifth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.
Ball also created the BBC children's cartoon series Juniper Jungle. He starred in ITV's The Fattest Man in Britain in December 2009 and has made several guest appearances as 'Lenny' on 'Last of the Summer Wine'. In February 2010 he and his wife Yvonne appeared on All Star Mr & Mrs.
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Celts
The Celts (usually pronounced /ˈkɛlts/ but sometimes /ˈsɛlts/, see pronunciation of Celtic) or Kelts were an ethno-linguistic group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had a similar culture.
The earliest archaeological culture that may justifiably be considered as Proto-Celtic is the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of central Europe from the last quarter of the second millennium BC. Their fully Celtic descendants in central Europe were the people of the Iron Age Hallstatt culture (c. 800-450 BC) named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria. By the later La Tène period (c. 450 BC up to the Roman conquest), this Celtic culture had expanded over a wide range of regions, whether by diffusion or migration: to the British Isles (Insular Celts), France and The Low Countries (Gauls), much of Central Europe, the Iberian Peninsula (Celtiberians, Celtici and Gallaeci) and northern Italy (Golaseccans and Cisalpine Gauls) and following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC as far east as central Anatolia (Galatians).
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Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.
Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. He was influenced by his predecessor, the French silent film comedian Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the music hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin was identified with left-wing politics during the McCarthy era and he was ultimately forced to resettle in Europe from 1952.
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Danelaw
The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Danelagen), is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the "Danes" held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. It is contrasted with "West Saxon law" and "Mercian law". The term has been extended by modern historians to be geographical. The areas that comprised the Danelaw are in northern and eastern England. The origins of the Danelaw arose from the Viking expansion of the 9th century, although the term was not used to describe a geographic area until the 11th century. With the increase in population and productivity in Scandinavia, Viking warriors, having sought treasure and glory in the nearby British Isles, "proceeded to plough and support themselves", in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, for the year 876.
Danelaw is also used to describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the treaties between the English king, Alfred the Great, and the Danish warlord, Guthrum, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington in 878. In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings.
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Dave Penney
David Mark "Dave" Penney (born 17 August 1964) is an English football manager and former player. Born in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, Penney entered professional football at the relatively late age of 21. He had been working as a bricklayer and playing for nothing at Pontefract Collieries for 5 years before he was spotted by Derby County scout Ron Jukes, who recommended him to manager Arthur Cox. He was offered a contract at the then Third Division club and they climbed two divisions before he left for Oxford United for £175,000. He then went on to Wales, where he played for Swansea City and Cardiff City, latterly signing for Doncaster Rovers in 1998.
In 2002 Penney hung up his boots to pursue a career in management and he remained at Doncaster taking the managerial job on a full-time basis. After a well-placed finish in his first season, Penney guided Doncaster back into the Football League with victory in the play-off final in the 2002–03 season. Their stay in Division Three wasn't long though as he managed Doncaster to the Division Three title. During a further two seasons of cementing Doncaster's place in Coca-Cola League One Penney famously masterminded victories over Premier League sides Manchester City and Aston Villa, and nearly overcame Arsenal in the Carling Cup quarter-finals before finally being beaten in a penalty shootout. Penney left Rovers on 30 August 2006 as he felt he had taken the club as far as he could.
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Debbie Abrahams
Deborah Angela Elspeth Abrahams (born 15 September 1960) is a British politician, who has been the Labour Member of Parliament for the Oldham East and Saddleworth constituency since a by-election in January 2011. Her previous career was as a public health consultant.
Abrahams was born in Sheffield, the daughter of a dentist. She studied biochemistry and physiology at the University of Salford, and her early employment was as a community worker for a charity in Wythenshawe in south Manchester, where she set up job training programmes for teenagers. She later studied for a Masters degree at the University of Liverpool. Abrahams was head of healthy cities for Knowsley and served on the board of Bury and Rochdale Health Authority. In 2002 Abrahams was appointed chair of Rochdale Primary Care Trust. In June 2006 she resigned from this role, expressing her anger at the use of private health companies in the NHS.
From 2006 to 2010 she was Director of the International Health Impact Assessment Consortium at the University of Liverpool. She married John Abrahams, a former captain of Lancashire County cricket team, in the late 1980s. They have two daughters.
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Emmeline Pankhurst
Emmeline Pankhurst (born Emmeline Goulden) (15 July 1858 – 14 June 1928) was a British political activist and leader of the British suffragette movement which helped women win the right to vote. In 1999 Time named Pankhurst as one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century, stating: "she shaped an idea of women for our time; she shook society into a new pattern from which there could be no going back." She was widely criticized for her militant tactics, and historians disagree about their effectiveness, but her work is recognized as a crucial element in achieving women's suffrage in Britain.
Born Emmeline Goulden and raised in Moss Side, Manchester, England by politically active parents, Pankhurst was introduced at the age of 8 to the women's suffrage movement. Although her parents encouraged her to prepare herself for life as a wife and mother, she attended the École Normale de Neuilly in Paris. In 1878 she married Richard Pankhurst, a barrister 24 years her senior known for supporting women's right to vote; they had five children over the next ten years. He also supported her activities outside the home, and she quickly became involved with the Women's Franchise League, which advocated suffrage for women. When that organization broke apart, she attempted to join the left-leaning Independent Labour Party through her friendship with socialist Keir Hardie but was initially refused membership by the local branch of the Party on account of her sex. She also worked as a Poor Law Guardian and was shocked by the harsh conditions she encountered in Manchester workhouses.
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Eric Sykes
Eric Sykes, CBE (born 4 May 1923) is an English radio, television and film writer, actor and director whose performing career has spanned more than 50 years. He frequently wrote for and/or performed with many other leading comedy performers and writers of the period, including Tony Hancock, Spike Milligan, Peter Sellers, John Antrobus and Johnny Speight. Sykes first came to prominence through his many radio credits as a writer and actor in the 1950s, most notably through his work on The Goon Show. He became a TV star in his own right in the early 1960s when he co-starred with Hattie Jacques in several popular BBC comedy television series. A trademark of Sykes's work is the idea of taking a single comic idea to its extremes, as epitomised by what is probably his best remembered work, the slapstick film The Plank.
Sykes was born in Oldham, Lancashire; his mother died during his birth. He was the second child of his parents' marriage; his older brother (by two years) was named Vernon. Sykes' father was a labourer in a cotton mill and a former army sergeant. When he was two, his father remarried and he gained a half-brother named John. Sykes was educated at Ward Street Central School in Oldham. He joined the Royal Air Force during World War II, qualifying as a wireless operator with the rank of Leading Aircraftman.
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First World War
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
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Hugh Oldham
Hugh Oldham (c.1452 – 25 June 1519) was a Bishop of Exeter and a notable patron of education. Born in Lancashire to a family of minor gentry, he probably attended both Oxford and Cambridge universities, following which he was a clerk at Durham, then a rector in Cornwall before being employed by Lady Margaret Beaufort (mother of King Henry VII), rising to be the chancellor of her household by 1503. During this time he was preferred with many religious posts all over the country, being made archdeacon of Exeter in 1502 and finally bishop of that city in 1505, a decision that most likely was influenced by Lady Margaret.
He was a conscientious bishop who ensured that only educated people were appointed to ecclesiastical posts. His patronage of educational establishments included the foundation of Manchester Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford for which he donated £4,000. After his death he was buried in Exeter Cathedral in a chantry chapel that he had caused to be built for that purpose. The chapel is decorated with numerous carvings of owls, which were his personal device.
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Jack Kirkbride
Jack Kirkbride (born in Oldham, Lancashire, 31 March 1923 – 1 October 2006) was an English cartoonist, and father to Anne Kirkbride, the actress who plays Deirdre Barlow in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street.
Kirkbride left school at the age of 14 to become an apprentice painter and decorator but was called up for the Army at age 18, when he started drawing cartoons. He served from 1942 as a transport driver with the Royal Army Service Corps. He fought in the Normandy Campaign in 1944 and was demobbed in 1946. He sold his first cartoon to a national paper in 1953 (a Mothers' Day gag for the Sunday Dispatch), and has since sold to most national papers and magazines, including Punch and The Oldie. His work also appears in the German press under the name of Jacki.
He became the Oldham Evening Chronicle's regular cartoonist in 1958 and went full-time in the 1970s.
He was a founder member of the Cartoonist's Club of Great Britain and his work was published across Europe.
Kirkbride won first prize at the Waddingtons International Cartoon Festival (Margate 1989). His hobbies included listening to classical music, renovating his 18th-century farmhouse on the edge of Saddleworth Moor and playing the pianola.
wn.com/Jack_Kirkbride -
Joe Royle
Joseph "Joe" Royle (born 8 April 1949) is an English football manager. In his club career, he played for Everton (debuting at the age of 16), Manchester City, Bristol City, Norwich City, and the England national team. Royle has managed Oldham Athletic, Everton, Manchester City, and Ipswich Town.
Royle attended Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool where he was an exceptional all-round sportsman. Unusually for a grammar schoolboy he played for the Liverpool schoolboys team, which was usually drawn from secondary modern schools.
A number of clubs were interested in signing Royle, including Manchester United, but it was his hometown club Everton that succeeded in recruiting him to their ranks. He went on to make 270 appearances for Everton, scoring 119 times. He made his debut at the age of 16 and held the record of being the youngest player to play for Everton until James Vaughan beat the record on 10 April 2005 by 11 days. For five seasons he was Everton's top scorer, notably scoring 23 goals in the Championship-winning side of 1969–70 and Manchester City manager Tony Book bought Royle for £170,000 in 1974 and he went on to claim further honours as he helped them to win the League Cup in 1976.
wn.com/Joe_Royle -
John Fielden
John Fielden (17 January 1784 – 29 May 1849), also known as Honest John Fielden, was a British social reformer and benefactor. He was the third son of Joshua Fielden, and began working in his father's mill at the age of 9. With his brothers, he expanded the family cotton business at Todmorden to become a wealthy businessman. In 1811, he married Ann Grindrod of Rochdale, and they had 7 children called Jane (1814), Samuel (1816), Mary (1817), Ann (1819), John (1822), Joshua (1827) and Ellen (1829).[citation needed] In 18??, he married Elizabeth Dearden. In turn, a Quaker, Methodist, and Unitarian Methodist, he was a Radical Member of Parliament for Oldham from 1832 to 1847, first elected alongside William Cobbett with whom he had been a key figure in the campaign leading to the Reform Act 1832.
In 1829, Fielden Brothers introduced the power loom to the Calder Valley. Fielden fought for shorter working hours, promoting the Ten Hours Act also known as the Factories Act 1847. He also protested against the new Poor Law. In 1833, he seconded a resolution to remove Sir Robert Peel from the Privy Council.
wn.com/John_Fielden -
John Platt (MP)
John Platt (16 September 1817 - 18 May 1872) ) was an English manufacturer of textile machinery and Liberal politician.
Platt was born at Dobcross, Lancashire, the son of Henry Platt who founded Platt Brothers textile machinery manufacturers in 1770. which by 1820 was based at Werneth area of Oldham.
Platt was elected as the first Liberal Mayor of Oldham in 1854 and held office again in 1855-56. By the mid 1850s his company had established itself as the world's largest textile machinery manufacturer. Platt acquired property in Llanfairfechan North Wales in 1857 and rebuild Bryn Y Neuadd as a magnificent mansion. He was mayor of Oldham again in 1861-62. In 1865 he was elected Member of Parliament for Oldham. He held the seat until his death in Paris at the age of 55.
Platt married Alice Radcliffe in 1842. Their daughter Mary married Thomas Hardcastle Sykes of the Sykes Bleaching Company. Platt's younger brother James Platt (1824–1857), was also elected MP for Oldham in 1857, but died the same year.
wn.com/John_Platt_(MP) -
Louise Brown
Louise Joy Brown (born 25 July 1978 in Oldham, England, UK) is the first person to be conceived by in vitro fertilization, or IVF.
Louise Brown was born at Oldham General Hospital, Oldham, via planned Caesarean section delivered by registrar John Webster. She weighed 5 pounds, 12 ounces (2.608 kg) at birth. Her parents, Lesley and John Brown, had been trying to conceive for nine years. They faced complications of blocked fallopian tubes. On 10 November 1977, Lesley Brown underwent a procedure, later to become known as IVF, developed by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. Edwards was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Medicine for this work. Although the media referred to Brown as a "test tube baby", her conception actually took place in a petri dish.
Her younger sister, Natalie Brown, was also conceived through IVF four years later, and became the world's fortieth IVF baby. In May 1999, Natalie was the first IVF baby to give birth herself—naturally—to her only child, daughter Casey.
In 2004, Brown married nightclub doorman Wesley Mullinder. Dr. Edwards attended their wedding. Their son Cameron, conceived naturally, was born on 20 December 2006.
wn.com/Louise_Brown -
Louise Joy Brown
Louise Joy Brown (born 25 July 1978 in Oldham, England, UK) is the first person to be conceived by in vitro fertilization, or IVF.
Louise Brown was born at Oldham General Hospital, Oldham, via planned Caesarean section delivered by registrar John Webster. She weighed 5 pounds, 12 ounces (2.608 kg) at birth. Her parents, Lesley and John Brown, had been trying to conceive for nine years. They faced complications of blocked fallopian tubes. On 10 November 1977, Lesley Brown underwent a procedure, later to become known as IVF, developed by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. Edwards was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Medicine for this work. Although the media referred to Brown as a "test tube baby", her conception actually took place in a petri dish.
Her younger sister, Natalie Brown, was also conceived through IVF four years later, and became the world's fortieth IVF baby. In May 1999, Natalie was the first IVF baby to give birth herself—naturally—to her only child, daughter Casey.
In 2004, Brown married nightclub doorman Wesley Mullinder. Dr. Edwards attended their wedding. Their son Cameron, conceived naturally, was born on 20 December 2006.
wn.com/Louise_Joy_Brown -
Luddite
The Luddites were a social movement of 19th-century English textile artisans who protested – often by destroying mechanized looms – against the changes produced by the Industrial Revolution, that replaced them with less-skilled, low-wage labour, and which they felt were leaving them without work and changing their way of life. Eric Hobsbawm called machine wrecking: "collective bargaining by riot". It had been used in Britain since the Restoration as, due to the scattering of manufactories throughout different regions, large-scale strikes were impractical. The movement was named after Ned Ludd, a youth who had allegedly smashed two stocking frames thirty years earlier, and whose name had become emblematic of machine destroyers. The name evolved into the imaginary General Ludd or King Ludd, a figure who also, like Robin Hood, was reputed to live in Sherwood Forest.
The movement emerged in the harsh economic climate of the Napoleonic Wars and difficult working conditions in the new textile factories. The principal objection of the Luddites was to the introduction of new wide-framed automated looms that could be operated by cheap, relatively unskilled labour, resulting in the loss of jobs for many skilled textile workers. The movement began in Nottingham in 1811 and spread rapidly throughout England in 1811 and 1812. Mills and pieces of factory machinery were burned by handloom weavers, and for a short time Luddites were so strong that they clashed in battles with the British Army. Many wool and cotton mills were destroyed until the British government suppressed the movement.
wn.com/Luddite -
Luddites
The Luddites were a social movement of 19th-century English textile artisans who protested – often by destroying mechanized looms – against the changes produced by the Industrial Revolution, that replaced them with less-skilled, low-wage labour, and which they felt were leaving them without work and changing their way of life. Eric Hobsbawm called machine wrecking: "collective bargaining by riot". It had been used in Britain since the Restoration as, due to the scattering of manufactories throughout different regions, large-scale strikes were impractical. The movement was named after Ned Ludd, a youth who had allegedly smashed two stocking frames thirty years earlier, and whose name had become emblematic of machine destroyers. The name evolved into the imaginary General Ludd or King Ludd, a figure who also, like Robin Hood, was reputed to live in Sherwood Forest.
The movement emerged in the harsh economic climate of the Napoleonic Wars and difficult working conditions in the new textile factories. The principal objection of the Luddites was to the introduction of new wide-framed automated looms that could be operated by cheap, relatively unskilled labour, resulting in the loss of jobs for many skilled textile workers. The movement began in Nottingham in 1811 and spread rapidly throughout England in 1811 and 1812. Mills and pieces of factory machinery were burned by handloom weavers, and for a short time Luddites were so strong that they clashed in battles with the British Army. Many wool and cotton mills were destroyed until the British government suppressed the movement.
wn.com/Luddites -
Mark Owen
Mark Anthony Patrick Owen (born 27 January 1972), is an English singer-songwriter. He is a member of pop band Take That. The band were hugely successful during the 1990s and have enjoyed even more success since their reunion in 2005. As a solo artist, Mark Owen had sold over 400,000 records worldwide and 80 million with Take That.
Take That formed in 1990 and during his time with the group, Owen sang lead vocals on "Babe", which was released in December 1993 from the Everything Changes album. It reached number one in the UK, but was knocked off the top spot at Christmas by Mr Blobby. He also sang lead vocals on "The Day After Tomorrow" from the Nobody Else album, and that concludes Owen's vocal contributions to the band the first time around. Despite this, Owen was the most popular member of the group, on account of his boyish good looks and sweet demeanour, regularly earning awards such as Smash Hit's "Most Fanciable Male in the World" and "Best Haircut".
After Take That split, Owen became the second of the band's ex-members to release a solo record. He reached number three in the UK Singles Chart with his debut single, "Child". His second single, "Clementine", also went to number three. In 1997 his album Green Man was released, charting at a number 33. After another single, "I Am What I Am", charted at number 29, Owen was dropped by BMG Records in late 1997.
wn.com/Mark_Owen -
Michael Meacher
Michael Hugh Meacher (born 4 November 1939) is a British Labour politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Oldham West and Royton since 1997. Previously he had been the MP for Oldham West, first elected in 1970. On 22 February 2007 he declared that he would be standing for the Labour Leadership, challenging Gordon Brown and John McDonnell. On 14 May, however, after talks with John McDonnell, he announced he would stand aside in order to back McDonnell as the "candidate of the left".
Born in Hemel Hempstead, the son of an accountant and stock-broker, he was educated at Berkhamsted School, New College, Oxford and the London School of Economics, where he gained a Diploma in Social Administration. He became a researcher and lecturer in social administration at Essex and York universities and wrote a book about elderly people's treatment in mental hospitals. He was the Labour Party candidate for Colchester at the 1966 UK General Election, and fought the 1968 Oldham West by-election after the resignation of Labour MP Leslie Hale but lost to Conservative candidate Bruce Campbell.
wn.com/Michael_Meacher -
Minnie Driver
Minnie Driver (born Amelia Fiona J. Driver; 31 January 1970) is an English actress and singer-songwriter. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the 1997 film Good Will Hunting, as well as for an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe for her work in the television series The Riches.
Driver was born Amelia Fiona J. Driver in Finsbury Park, London, the daughter of Gaynor Churchward (née Millington), a designer and former couture model, and Ronnie Driver, a Welsh businessman and financial adviser from Swansea. Her mother was her father's mistress, and her father's wife was not aware of his other family. Driver has Italian , Irish, Welsh, Scottish and French ancestry. Her sister, Kate, is a model and producer.[citation needed] Driver was brought up in Barbados and educated at Bedales, an independent school near Petersfield, Hampshire, England, and the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London.[citation needed]
wn.com/Minnie_Driver -
Pablo Fanque
Pablo Fanque (born William Darby 28 February 1796 in Norwich,England ; died 4 May 1871 in Stockport, England) was the first black circus proprietor in Britain. His circus, in which he himself was a performer, was the most popular circus in Victorian Britain for 30 years, a period that is regarded as the golden age of the circus. Today, Pablo Fanque is best known from his mention in The Beatles song "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" on the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
Little is known about Pablo Fanque’s early life. Church records suggest that he was one of at least five children born to John and Mary Darby (née Stamp) of Norwich. They were believed to have resided in Ber Street. Fanque reportedly declared his late father's occupation as "butler" on his marriage certificate in 1848. John M. Turner, Fanque's biographer, speculates that "his father was African-born and had been brought to the port of Norwich and trained as a house servant." Fanque was reportedly orphaned at a young age. Another account has Fanque born in a workhouse to a family of seven children.
wn.com/Pablo_Fanque -
Patrick Stewart
Sir Patrick Stewart, OBE (born 13 July 1940) is an English film, television and stage actor, who has had a distinguished career in theatre and television. He is most widely known for his television and film roles, such as Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation and its successor films, Professor Charles Xavier in the X-Men film series, and as the voice of Avery Bullock in American Dad!.
Stewart was born on 13 July 1940 in Mirfield, near Dewsbury in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He is the son of Gladys (née Barrowclough), a weaver and textile worker, and Alfred Stewart, a Regimental Sergeant Major in the British Army who served with the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and previously worked as a general labourer and as a postman.
In a 2008 interview, Stewart said: "My father was a very potent individual, a very powerful man who got what he wanted. It was said that when he strode onto the parade ground, birds stopped singing. It was many, many years before I realised how my father inserted himself into my work. I've grown a moustache for Macbeth. My father didn't have one, but when I looked in the mirror just before I went on stage I saw my father's face staring straight back at me."
wn.com/Patrick_Stewart -
Paul Dickov
Paul Dickov (born 1 November 1972, in Livingston) is a retired Scottish footballer, turned manager who is currently in charge of League One side Oldham Athletic. As a player Dickov played between 1990 and 2011.
As a player his preferred position was as a support striker and even played on the wings. Dickov started his career with Arsenal, where he won the UEFA Cup Winners Cup in 1994, but was never a first team regular and in 1996 he moved to Manchester City, who were then in Division One. Over six seasons at the club, Dickov experienced two promotions and two relegations, playing in three different divisions. Dickov left in 2002 to join Leicester City, where he stayed for two seasons and, in 2004, he signed for Blackburn Rovers, and was part of the team which qualified for the UEFA Cup in 2005–06. Upon the expiry of his Blackburn contract in 2006, he rejoined Manchester City. In 2000, he made his debut for Scotland, against San Marino. In total he represented his country ten times, scoring one goal. He retired from playing on 7 May 2011 to concentrate on managing Oldham.
wn.com/Paul_Dickov -
Phillip Schofield
Phillip Bryan Schofield (born 1 April 1962) is an English broadcaster and television personality best known for presenting shows such as This Morning, Dancing on Ice, and various game shows including The Cube and All Star Mr & Mrs.
Schofield was born in the Lancashire town of Oldham. He grew up and was educated in Newquay, Cornwall. When he was 15, his first foray into media was a Sunday show on Hospital Radio Plymouth. After many years of writing letters to the BBC, at 17 he took up the position of bookings clerk for BBC Radio at Broadcasting House in London, where he was, at the time, the youngest employee.
Aged 19, Schofield moved with his family to New Zealand, where he made his television debut presenting the children's music programme Shazam! on 23 February 1982. He also spent two years working for the Auckland-based station Radio Hauraki.
In 1985, Schofield returned to England, where he became the first in-vision continuity presenter for Children's BBC on weekdays for two years from September 1985. He left the "Broom Cupboard" to present Going Live! on Saturday mornings between September 1987 and April 1993.
wn.com/Phillip_Schofield -
Reform Act 1832
The Representation of the People Act 1832 (commonly known as the Reform Act 1832 or sometimes as The Great Reform Act) was an Act of Parliament (2 & 3 Will. IV) that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of England and Wales. According to its preamble, the act was designed to "take effectual Measures for correcting divers Abuses that have long prevailed in the Choice of Members to serve in the Commons House of Parliament."
Calls for reform had been mooted long before 1832, but perennially without success. The Act which finally succeeded was proposed by the Whigs, led by the Prime Minister Lord Grey. It met with significant opposition from the Pittite factions in Parliament that had governed the country for so long (opposition was especially pronounced in the House of Lords). Nevertheless, as a result of public pressure, the bill was eventually passed. The Act granted seats in the House of Commons to large cities that had sprung up during the Industrial Revolution, and took away seats from the "rotten boroughs"—those with very small populations. The Act also increased the number of individuals entitled to vote, increasing the size of the electorate from about 400,000 to 650,000, and allowing a total of one out of six adult males to vote, in a population of some 14 million.
wn.com/Reform_Act_1832 -
Roger de Montbegon
Roger de Montbegon (died 1226) was a landowner in northern England (especially or particularly Lancashire), Baron of Horneby, and one of the Magna Carta sureties.
There is a scholarly debate about his place in the list of sureties. J. C. Holt takes it that Matthew Paris made a mistake in replacing his name with 'Roger de Mowbray'. According to the record publicized by the National Society Magna Charta Dames and Barons, Roger abandoned the sureties and therefore Roger de Mowbray (younger brother of William de Mowbray, another surety) was substituted for him; this probably explains Matthew Paris' alleged error.
wn.com/Roger_de_Montbegon -
Shobna Gulati
Shobna Gulati (born 7 August 1966) is a British actress, writer, and dancer of Indian origin, best known for playing Anita in Victoria Wood's Dinnerladies, and Sunita Alahan in the long-running soap opera Coronation Street from 2001 to 2006, a role to which she returned at the end of 2009. She is also known for being one of very few actors to have appeared in both Coronation Street and its rival series EastEnders for the BBC (in 2000).
Gulati was born in Oldham, Lancashire to parents of Hindu Indian descent. She has a degree in Arabic and Middle Eastern politics from the University of Salford.
In the late 1990s, she received excellent reviews for her work in Victoria Wood's BBC sitcom dinnerladies; in 2001, she appeared in the short film Shadowscan, directed by Tinge Krishnan, which won a BAFTA Award; and in 2004 Gulati was nominated for a Manchester Evening News Theatre Award for her work in the play Dancing within walls, which was staged at the Contact Theatre in Manchester.
Gulati has also appeared on the TV quiz shows Call My Bluff, Have I Got News for You, The Weakest Link and as Diana Ross in Celebrity Stars in Their Eyes. In early 2006, Gulati took part in the Reality TV series Soapstar Superstar.
wn.com/Shobna_Gulati -
Sir Charles Barry
Sir Charles Barry FRS (23 May 1795 – 12 May 1860) was an English architect, best known for his role in the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster (also known as the Houses of Parliament) in London during the mid-19th century, but also responsible for numerous other buildings and gardens. He is known for his major contribution to the use of Italianate architecture in Britain, especially the use of the Palazzo as basis for the design of country houses, city mansions and public buildings, he also developed the Italian Renaissance garden style for the many gardens he designed around country houses.
Born on 23 May 1795 in Bridge Street, Westminster (opposite the future site of the Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster), he was the fourth son of Walter Edward Barry (died 1805) a stationer, and Frances Barry née Maybank (died 1798). He was baptised at St Margaret's, Westminster into the Church of England, of which he was a life long member. His father remarried shortly after Frances died and Barry's stepmother Sarah would bring him up. He was educated at private schools in Homerton and then Aspley Guise, before being apprenticed to Middleton & Bailey,Lambeth architects & surveyors, at the age of 15. Annually from 1812 to 1815 Barry exhibited Drawings at the Royal Academy. Upon the death of his father, Barry had inherited a sum of money that allowed him, after Coming of age to undertake a Grand Tour, extensively around the Mediterranean and Middle East from 28 June 1817 to August 1820.
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Stan Laurel
Arthur Stanley "Stan" Jefferson (16 June 1890 – 23 February 1965), known as Stan Laurel, was an English comic actor, writer and film director, famous as the first half of the comedy team Laurel and Hardy. His film acting career stretched between 1917 and 1951 and included a starring role in the Academy Award winning film The Music Box (1932). In 1961, Laurel was given a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award for his pioneering work in comedy. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd.
Arthur Stanley Jefferson was born in his grandparents' house on 16 June 1890 at 3 Argyle Street, Ulverston, then in Lancashire. He had two brothers and a sister.
His parents, Arthur and Margaret ("Madge") Jefferson, were both active in the theatre and always very busy. In his early years, he spent much time living with his grandmother Sarah Metcalfe. Stan Jefferson attended school at King James I Grammar School, Bishop Auckland, County Durham and the King's School, Tynemouth, before moving with his parents to Glasgow, where he completed his education at Rutherglen Academy. His father managed Glasgow's Metropole Theatre where he began work. At the age of 16, with a natural affinity for the theatre, Jefferson gave his first professional performance on stage at the Panopticon in Glasgow.
wn.com/Stan_Laurel -
Tommy Cannon
Tommy Cannon (born Thomas Derbyshire, 27 June 1938 in Oldham, Lancashire) is a comedian and the feed member of comedy double act Cannon and Ball, along with Bobby Ball.
In late 2005, Cannon and Ball appeared in the fifth series of reality show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.
In 2012, Cannon and Ball appeared in the third celebrity series of Coach Trip.
Cannon was chairman of Rochdale F.C until 1988.
Cannon and Ball are devout Christians and have published a book called Christianity for Beginners. Ball became a born-again Christian in 1986 and Tommy Cannon in 1992, their conversion having a lot to do with the re-kindling of their broken friendship. They now regularly feature in their own gospel and "an audience with..." show in churches around the country.
Cannon's first marriage was to Margaret; They had two daughters, Jeanette and Julie, and divorced. He lives near York with his second wife Hazel, by whom he has three children, all born in York: Kelly-Anne (born 1991), Zoe Louise (born 1993) and Luke Thomas (born 1996)
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William Walton
Sir William Turner Walton OM (29 March 1902 – 8 March 1983) was an English composer. During a sixty-year career, he wrote music in several classical genres and styles, from film scores to opera. His best-known works include Façade, the cantata Belshazzar's Feast, the Viola Concerto, and the First Symphony.
Born in Lancashire, the son of a musician, Walton was a chorister and then an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford. On leaving the university, he was taken up by the literary Sitwell siblings, who provided him with a home and a cultural education. His earliest work of note was a collaboration with Edith Sitwell, Façade, which at first brought him notoriety as a modernist, but later became a popular ballet score.
In middle age, Walton left Britain and set up home with his young wife on the Italian island of Ischia. By this time, he had ceased to be regarded as a modernist, and some of his compositions of the 1950s were criticised as old-fashioned. His only full-length opera, Troilus and Cressida, was among the works to be so labelled and has made little impact in opera houses. In his last years, his works came back into critical fashion; his later compositions, dismissed by critics at the time of their premieres, were revalued and regarded alongside his earlier works.
wn.com/William_Walton -
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, PC, DL, FRS, Hon. RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.
Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jenny Jerome, was an American socialite. As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns.
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World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
wn.com/World_War_I
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jermy kyle show harun from westwood oldham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:22
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
stinky harun from fish farah oldham in jermy kyle show 2012 this person needs to brush his teeth with bleach his breath stinks of sewer. website oldamharun.tk
http://wn.com/jermy_kyle_show_harun_from_westwood_oldham
CRAIG - (Oldham riots)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Short documentary. A personal look at the state of Oldham and its racial segregation, several years after the racist riots of 2001. Craig, a resident of a predominately white area of Oldham, talks about the long term effects of the 2001 racist riots and the state of Oldhams socio-economic development.
http://wn.com/CRAIG_Oldham_riots
Towns in Focus: Oldham, Greater Manchester, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:21
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Oldham is surrounded by several smaller towns which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which Oldham is the administrative centre. Oldham became the international centre for cotton spinning and textile manufacturing in the mid 19th century with over 360 mills and capacity of 16.4 million spindles. Today all the mills have gone, the last mill ceasing production in 1998. A few mill buiding survive and now house small industrial units and small businesses. A few have been renovated into large distribution centres. today Oldham is a residential town with education and performing arts centres. Recently the Manchester Metro link opened a new route to Oldham Mumps and a new tram stop is sheduled for the town in 2014. This video shows some of the old mills and the new town centre
http://wn.com/Towns_in_Focus_Oldham,_Greater_Manchester,_England
Combined Ex-Forces Demo Oldham 29th Sept 2012 - FOOTAGE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:39
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
FOOTAGE - Combined Ex-Forces Demo Oldham 29th Sept 2012
http://wn.com/Combined_Ex-Forces_Demo_Oldham_29th_Sept_2012_FOOTAGE
EDL Oldham Council Mecca Mosque conspiracy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Confused EDL member thinks Press TV have taken over Oldham
http://wn.com/EDL_Oldham_Council_Mecca_Mosque_conspiracy
Thief From Oldham Gets Run Over FUNNY REMIX VERSION
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Some Dude Gets Run Over After Stealing A Bottle Of Vodka From Asda Greater Manchester And Still Manages To Get Up And Run Away With No Trousers On This Is The Funny Remix
http://wn.com/Thief_From_Oldham_Gets_Run_Over_FUNNY_REMIX_VERSION
Dominic Noonan spotted at Manchester Riots Oldham Street 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Thugs in action
http://wn.com/Dominic_Noonan_spotted_at_Manchester_Riots_Oldham_Street_2011
PRE-SEASON: Oldham v Manchester City Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Highlights from Manchester City' latest pre-season friendly against Oldham Athletic at Boundary Park. www.mcfc.co.uk http www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/PRE-SEASON_Oldham_v_Manchester_City_Highlights
Oldham Athletic 2-2 Notts County
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
Oldham 2-2 Notts County . . . . IGNORE TAGS: Arsenal | Aston Villa | Birmingham City | Blackburn Rovers | Bolton Wanderers | Chelsea | Derby County | Everton | Fulham | Liverpool | Manchester City | Manchester United | Middlesbrough | Newcastle United | Portsmouth | Reading | Sunderland | Tottenham Hotspur | West Ham United | Wigan Athletic Barnsley | Blackpool | Bristol City | Burnley | Cardiff City | Charlton Athletic | Colchester United | Coventry City | Crystal Palace | Hull City | Ipswich Town | Leicester City | Norwich City | Plymouth Argyle | Preston North End | Queens Park Rangers | Scunthorpe United | Sheffield United | Sheffield Wednesday | Southampton | Stoke City | Watford | West Bromwich Albion | Wolverhampton Wanderers Bournemouth | Brighton & Hove Albion | Bristol Rovers | Carlisle United | Cheltenham Town | Crewe Alexandra | Doncaster Rovers | Gillingham | Hartlepool United | Huddersfield Town | Leeds United | Leyton Orient | Luton Town | Millwall | Northampton Town | Nottingham Forest | Oldham Athletic | Port Vale | Southend United | Swansea City | Swindon Town | Tranmere Rovers | Walsall | Yeovil Town | Accrington Stanley | Barnet | Bradford City | Brentford | Bury | Chester City | Chesterfield | Dagenham & Redbridge | Darlington | Grimsby Town | Hereford United | Lincoln City | Macclesfield Town | Mansfield Town | Milton Keynes Dons | Morecambe | Notts County | Peterborough United | Rochdale | Rotherham United | Shrewsbury Town | Stockport County ...
http://wn.com/Oldham_Athletic_2-2_Notts_County
FIFA 13 | Oldham Career Mode - S1EP17 - Transfer Deadline Day
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:41
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Welcome Back to the Oldham Career Mode. This is episode 17 and if we can get 100 Likes, that would be amazing! Thanks for the support Dan Oldham Career Mode Playlist bit.ly Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/FIFA_13_|_Oldham_Career_Mode_S1EP17_Transfer_Deadline_Day
The Low Rangers 4x4 club green laning in the Oldham/Holmfirth/Uppermill/Saddleworth area
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:21
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
The Low Rangers 4x4 club out in the Oldham/Holmfirth/Uppermill/Saddleworth moor area in Defender 110's & DISCO 1's. Ramsden Rd was really washed out and we had a lot of fun on that section with suspension articulating and bottoming out. Our resident stuntman was also at his best and we had some roadside repairs with a blown turbo hose! Route included.
http://wn.com/The_Low_Rangers_4x4_club_green_laning_in_the_Oldham_Holmfirth_Uppermill_Saddleworth_area
Oldham Loop Metrolink Opening
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:36
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
The 1st. tram on the new look metrolink line.
http://wn.com/Oldham_Loop_Metrolink_Opening
28 safar jaloos Oldham Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:45
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
First jaloos in oldham 2012
http://wn.com/28_safar_jaloos_Oldham_Part_1
FIFA 13 Oldham Career Mode | Campaign Begins - EP02 - S1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:15
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Welcome to Career Mode with Oldham Athletic. If you are new please be sure to subscribe for daily updates. Below are links to a playlist full of past episodes and my twitter and other social networking sites. ------------------------------------------------ Follow me and Like me twitter.com www.facebook.com Career Mode playlists bit.ly Machinima Partner www.youtube.com www.youtube.com Sweetpatch.tv www.sweetpatch.tv www.facebook.com #TeamGamma Gamma Gamers (Web) - gammagamers.com Gamma Labs (Facebook) - www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/FIFA_13_Oldham_Career_Mode_|_Campaign_Begins_EP02_S1
FIFA 13 Oldham Career Mode | An Start of a New Era - P01 - S1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:29
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Welcome to Career Mode with Oldham Athletic. If you are new please be sure to subscribe for daily updates. Below are links to a playlist full of past episodes and my twitter and other social networking sites. ------------------------------------------------ Follow me and Like me twitter.com www.facebook.com Career Mode playlists bit.ly Machinima Partner www.youtube.com www.youtube.com Sweetpatch.tv www.sweetpatch.tv www.facebook.com #TeamGamma Gamma Gamers (Web) - gammagamers.com Gamma Labs (Facebook) - www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/FIFA_13_Oldham_Career_Mode_|_An_Start_of_a_New_Era_P01_S1
FIFA 13 Oldham Career Mode | Final Transfers - EP04 - S1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:09
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Welcome to Career Mode with Oldham Athletic. If you are new please be sure to subscribe for daily updates. Below are links to a playlist full of past episodes and my twitter and other social networking sites. ------------------------------------------------ Follow me and Like me twitter.com www.facebook.com Career Mode playlists bit.ly Machinima Partner www.youtube.com www.youtube.com Sweetpatch.tv www.sweetpatch.tv www.facebook.com #TeamGamma Gamma Gamers (Web) - gammagamers.com Gamma Labs (Facebook) - www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/FIFA_13_Oldham_Career_Mode_|_Final_Transfers_EP04_S1
The new Manchester Victoria to Oldham Mumps Metrolink line
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
The new Manchester Victoria to Oldham Mumps Metrolink line
http://wn.com/The_new_Manchester_Victoria_to_Oldham_Mumps_Metrolink_line
Oldham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
A day in the neighbourhood. Artist: Colin Mutchler Track: Destination Non-specific
http://wn.com/Oldham
Oldham Athletic beating Manchester City - By Alex Miller - The Haves vs The Have Nots
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
*Apologies for the sudden loss of sound towards the end. I'm new to the editing software and there doesn't seem to be a solution yet :-) 31/08/2012
http://wn.com/Oldham_Athletic_beating_Manchester_City_By_Alex_Miller_The_Haves_vs_The_Have_Nots
Oldham Ath 0-13 FC United. 23 Sept 2012.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
FC women's fourth game of the season started slowly with a hatful of chances and all of them failing to find the net. Claire O'Reilly broke that run of ill luck with a confident blast not long before half-time. The Second period couldn't have been more different, with practically every shot finding the net. Hayley O'Hara made it two before O'Reilly got her second putting FC firmly in their stride. Maya Germain scored the first of her two near identical solo strikes -- with a brace from O'Hara, FCs fifth and sixth -- separating her goals. Shellby Wolstencroft, who could have had a trio in the first half, started her actual hat-trick with a header for the girls' eighth. Good work and goals from Beth Tattersall (nine) and Olivia Greenhalgh, (11) separated Wolstencroft's three before game was wrapped up by Olivia Smith from 25 yards. A great hard-working performance from start to finish got its just rewards and unlike the scoreline, not unlucky.
http://wn.com/Oldham_Ath_0-13_FC_United_23_Sept_2012
Capital One Cup - Oldham Athletic (2) Sheffield Wednesday (4) - By Alex Miller
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Attendance: 3474/
http://wn.com/Capital_One_Cup_Oldham_Athletic_2_Sheffield_Wednesday_4_By_Alex_Miller
Oldham 3-1 Burton Albion | The FA Cup 1st Round 12/11/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Burton defender Ryan Austin was sent off within three minutes as Oldham reached the second round of the FA Cup. Austin was dismissed after hauling down Robbie Simpson in the area and Shefki Kuqi fired in the resulting penalty. Burton keeper Ross Atkins then brought down Luca Scapuzzi but this time he saved Kuqi's spot-kick before allowing in Simpson's 30-yard free-kick. The Latics made it 3-0 when Kuqi set up Dean Furman to slide home before Calvin Zola volleyed in a late consolation. The official Youtube channel of the FA Cup - the world's largest and oldest football competition. With exclusive news, match highlights, player interviews and more. To find out more about the England team visit: thefa.com The FA Cup on Facebook www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter twitter.com
http://wn.com/Oldham_3-1_Burton_Albion_|_The_FA_Cup_1st_Round_12_11_11
Oldham house explosion 'is being treated as suspicious'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 29 Jun 2012
Assistant Chief Constable Steve Heywood says a homocide investigation has been launched following the death of a child in a gas explosion in the Shaw area of Oldham.
http://wn.com/Oldham_house_explosion_'is_being_treated_as_suspicious'
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse military juntas or truly being committed to ongoing pro-democracy movements. Specifically at issue is Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi, a democratic advocate...(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that would end Palestinian rocket fire. Mediator Egypt said a deal for a truce to end the fighting could be close. The leader of Hamas said it was up to...(size: 4.1Kb)
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
The Examiner
22 Nov 2012
Related topics Crime & courts newsAB 109calaveras countyOfficer involved shootingHomicide Advertisement On March 15 of this year Calaveras Sheriff Deputy, Tom Oldham was dispatched to an Arnold, Ca. neighborhood for a report of a man shooting a firearm, as reported at Examiner.com. A suspect who was later identified as Kevin Charles Duey, a...(size: 8.5Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
Portsmouth have signed goalkeeper Alex Cisak and striker Jake Jervis on one-month loan deals from Oldham and Birmingham respectively. Cisak, 23, was born in Poland but has been capped by Australia at under-20 level while Jervis, 21, has just completed a loan spell at...(size: 1.7Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
Hartlepool United first-team coach John Hughes has admitted it will take a "miracle" to achieve League One survival this season. Pools are currently 10 points adrift at the foot of the table, without a win in 18 games in all competitions. "It's going to take a miracle, and that's not me being defeatist," Hughes told BBC Tees. "We'll keep digging...(size: 5.5Kb)
The Guardian
22 Nov 2012
Andrew Abernethy's truck struck PC Mark Goodlad on M1 near Wakefield, where he was helping woman with flat tyre PC Mark Goodlad, 41, was killed on the hard shoulder of the M1 motorway in October last year. Photograph: West Yorkshire Police/PA...(size: 3.7Kb)
Skiddle
22 Nov 2012
Methodist Central Buildings, Manchester Thu 22nd November 2012 Vintage workout dance exercise class - like Zumba only using 1920s dance moves Date: Thursday 22nd November 2012 Venue: Methodist Central Buildings »...(size: 1.4Kb)
Sky Sports
22 Nov 2012
Shrewsbury have been dealt a blow after Jeremy Helan was recalled by Manchester City only to join Sheffield Wednesday on loan....(size: 1.4Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
A lorry driver has been jailed for causing the death of a police officer when his vehicle strayed on to the hard shoulder of a motorway. PC Mark Goodlad, 41, of Goole, East Yorkshire, was...(size: 1.2Kb)
Sky Sports
22 Nov 2012
Portsmouth have signed goalkeeper Alex Cisak on a one-month loan deal from Oldham, and striker Jake Jervis on a similar deal from Birmingham....(size: 1.5Kb)
Sky Sports
22 Nov 2012
Nottingham Forest manager Sean O'Driscoll believes his players out on loan will benefit from more first-team football. Midfielder Jonathan Greening joined Reds striker Marcus Tudgay on loan at npower Championship rivals Barnsley on Wednesday....(size: 2.2Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
Aldershot defender Guy Branston has joined League Two rivals Bristol Rovers on loan until 1 January. The 33-year-old has amassed 445 appearances during his 15-year career and Rovers will be the 19th club he has signed for. Branston joined Aldershot over the summer but has made played only five games this season. Branston's previous clubs Leicester,...(size: 3.2Kb)
The Guardian
22 Nov 2012
• Former GB centre will return from ban for 2013 season • Salford react quickly to losing Joel Moon to Leeds Martin Gleeson was playing for Hull when he was suspended in May 2011. Photograph: John Clifton/Action Images...(size: 2.6Kb)
BBC News
22 Nov 2012
Shrewsbury Town have signed West Bromwich Albion defender Cameron Gayle on loan. The Birmingham-born youth product has made the short move to Shropshire on his 20th birthday, "We've seen play a number of times," boss Graham Turner told BBC Radio Shropshire. "And I'm sure that he will strengthen our squad. Town have also terminated the loan...(size: 4.5Kb)
For other uses, see Oldham (disambiguation).
For the larger local government district, see Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.
Coordinates: 53°32′40″N 2°07′01″W / 53.5444°N 2.1169°W / 53.5444; -2.1169
| Oldham | |
 View of Oldham town centre |
|
 Oldham
Oldham shown within Greater Manchester |
|
| Area | 6.9 sq mi (18 km2) |
|---|---|
| Population | 103,544 (2011 Census) |
| - Density | 5,785 /sq mi (2,234 /km2) |
| OS grid reference | SD922053 |
| - London | 164 mi (264 km) SSE |
| Metropolitan borough | Oldham |
| Metropolitan county | Greater Manchester |
| Region | North West |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | OLDHAM |
| Postcode district | OL1-OL2, OL4, OL8-OL9 |
| Dialling code | 0161 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| EU Parliament | North West England |
| UK Parliament | Oldham East and Saddleworth |
| Oldham West and Royton | |
| List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester | |
Oldham ( /ˈoʊldəm/) is a large town in Greater Manchester, England.[1] It lies amid the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) south-southeast of Rochdale, and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of the city of Manchester. Oldham is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which Oldham is the administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, and with little early history to speak of, Oldham rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and among the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming "one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England".[2] At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world,[3][4] spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined.[5] Oldham's textile industry began to fall into decline during the mid-20th century, and its last mill closed in 1998.
The demise of textile processing in Oldham depressed the local economy.[6] Today Oldham is a predominantly residential town, and a centre for further education and the performing arts.[7] It is, however, still distinguished architecturally by the surviving cotton mills and other buildings associated with that industry. The town's population of 103,544[8] lives in an area of around 26 square miles (67 km2).[9]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Oldham
Toponymy[link]
The toponymy of Oldham seems to imply "old village or place" from Eald (Saxon) signifying oldness or antiquity, and Ham (Saxon) a house, farm or hamlet.[10] However, Oldham is known to be a derivative of Aldehulme; undoubtedly an Old Norse name.[11] It is believed to be derived from the Old English ald combined with the Old Norse holmi or holmr, meaning "old promontory or outcrop", possibly describing the town's hilltop position.[11] It has alternatively been suggested that it may mean "holm or hulme of a farmer named Alda".[11] The name is understood to date from 865, during the period of the Danelaw.[11]
Early history[link]
The earliest known evidence of a human presence in what is now Oldham is attested by the discovery of Neolithic flint arrow-heads and workings found at Werneth and Besom Hill, implying habitation 7–10,000 years ago.[11] Evidence of later Roman and Celtic activity is confirmed by an ancient Roman road and Bronze Age archaeological relics found at various sites within the town.[11] Although Anglo-Saxons occupied territory around the area centuries earlier,[11][12] Oldham as a permanent, named place of dwelling is believed to date from 865, when Danish invaders established a settlement called Aldehulme.[11][13]
From its founding in the 9th century until the Industrial Revolution, Oldham is believed to have been little more than a scattering of small and insignificant settlements spread across the moorland and dirt tracks which linked Manchester to York.[11][14] Although not mentioned in the Domesday Book, Oldham does appear in legal documents from the Middle Ages, invariably recorded as territory under the control of minor ruling families and barons.[13] In the 13th century, Oldham was documented as a manor held from The Crown by a family surnamed Oldham, whose seat was at Werneth Hall.[10]
Industrial Revolution and cotton[link]
Much of Oldham's history is concerned with textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution; it has been said that "if ever the Industrial Revolution placed a town firmly and squarely on the map of the world, that town is Oldham."[6] Oldham's soils were too thin and poor to sustain crop growing, and so for decades prior to industrialisation the area was used for grazing sheep, which provided the raw material for a local woollen weaving trade.[10]
By 1756, Oldham had emerged as centre of the hatting industry in England. The rough felt used in the production process is the origin of the term "Owdham Roughyed" a nickname for people from Oldham.[11] It was not until the last quarter of the 18th century that Oldham changed from being a cottage industry township producing woollen garments via domestic manual labour, to a sprawling industrial metropolis of textile factories.[10] The climate, geology, and topography of Oldham were unrelenting constraints upon the social and economic activities of the human inhabitants.[15] Located 700 feet (213 m) above sea level with no major river or visible natural resources, Oldham had poor geographic attributes compared with other settlements for investors and their engineers. As a result, Oldham played no part in the initial period of the Industrial Revolution,[3][14] although it did later become seen as obvious territory to industrialise because of its convenient position between the labour forces of Manchester and southwest Yorkshire.[16]
Cotton spinning and milling were introduced to Oldham when its first mill, Lees Hall, was built by William Clegg in about 1778, the beginning of a spiralling process of urbanisation and socioeconomic transformation.[3] Within a year, 11 other mills had been constructed,[11] and by 1818 there were 19 – not a large number in comparison with other local settlements.[14] Oldham's small local population was greatly increased by the mass migration of workers from outlying villages,[11] resulting in a population increase from just over 12,000 in 1801 to 137,000 in 1901.[14] The speed of this urban growth meant that Oldham, with little pre-industrial history to speak of, was effectively born as a factory town.
Oldham became the world's manufacturing centre for cotton spinning in the second half of the 19th century.[14] In 1851, over 30% of Oldham's population was employed within the textile sector, compared to 5% across Great Britain.[16] It overtook the major urban centres of Manchester and Bolton as the result of a mill building boom in the 1860s and 1870s, a period during which Oldham became the most productive cotton-spinning town in the world.[14] In 1871 Oldham had more spindles than any country in the world except the United States, and in 1909, was spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined.[5] By 1911 there were 16.4 million spindles in Oldham, compared with a total of 58 million in the United Kingdom and 143.5 million in the world; in 1928, with the construction of the UK's largest textile factory Oldham reached its manufacturing zenith.[14] At its peak, there were over 360 mills, operating night and day;[17][18] Oldham's townscape was dominated by distinctive rectangular brick-built mills.[19] Oldham was hit hard by the Lancashire Cotton Famine of 1861–1865, when supplies of raw cotton from the United States were cut off. Wholly reliant upon the textile industry, the cotton famine created chronic unemployment in the town.[20] By 1863 a committee had been formed, and with aid from central government, land was purchased with the intention of employing local cotton workers to construct Alexandra Park, which opened on 28 August 1865.[20] Said to have over-relied upon the textile sector,[6][13] as the importation of cheaper foreign yarns grew during the 20th century, Oldham's economy declined into a depression, although it was not until 1964 that Oldham ceased to be the largest centre of cotton spinning.[6][14][21] In spite of efforts to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of its production, the last cotton spun in the town was in 1998.[14]
Engineering[link]
Facilitated by its flourishing textile industry, Oldham developed extensive structural and mechanical engineering sectors during the 18th and 19th centuries. The manufacture of spinning and weaving machinery in Oldham belongs to the last decade of the 19th century, when it became a leading centre in the field of engineering.[11] The Platt Brothers, originated in nearby Dobcross village, but moved to Oldham. They were pioneers of cotton-spinning machinery, developing innovatory products which enabled the mass-production of cotton yarn. Platt Brothers became the largest textile machine makers in the world, employing over 15,000 people in the 1890s,[22] twice the number of their nearest rivals Dobson & Barlow in Bolton and Asa Lees on Greenacres Moor.[18] They were keen investors in the local area and at one time, were supporting 42% of the population.[22] The centre of the company lay at the New Hartford Works in Werneth, a massive complex of buildings and internal railways on a site overlooking Manchester. The railway station which served this site later formed the basis of Oldham Werneth railway station, which together with the main building exists to this day. Platts gained prestigious awards from around the world,[20] and were heavily involved with local politics and civic pride in Oldham.[22] John and James Platt were the largest subscribers for promoting Oldham from a township to a Borough, pledging £100 (more than double the next largest sum) in advance towards any expenses which may have been incurred by the Royal Charter.[11] In 1854 John Platt was made the (fourth) Mayor of Oldham, an office he was to hold twice more in 1855–56 and 1861–62.[23] John Platt was elected in 1865 to become Member of Parliament for Oldham, and was re-elected in 1868; he remained in office until his death in 1872.[11] A bronze statue of Platt existed in the town centre for years, though was moved to Alexandra Park. There have been recommendations for it to be returned to the town centre.[7]
Abraham Henthorn Stott, the son of a stonemason, was born in nearby Shaw and Crompton in 1822.[3] He served a seven-year apprenticeship with Sir Charles Barry, before starting a structural engineering practice in Oldham in 1847 that went on to become the pre-eminent mill architect firm in Lancashire.[3] Philip Sydney Stott, third son of Abraham and later titled as Sir Philip Stott, 1st Baronet, was the most prominent and famous of the Stott mill architects.[3] He established his own practice in 1883 and designed over a hundred mills in several countries. His factories, which improved upon his father's fireproof mills, accounted for a 40% increase in Oldham's spindles between 1887 and 1914.[3]
Although textile-related engineering declined with the processing industry, leading to the demise of both Stotts and Platts, other engineering firms existed, notably electrical and later electronic engineers Ferranti in 1896.[18] Ferranti went into receivership in 1993, but some of its former works continue in other hands. Part of the original Hollinwood site was operated by Siemens Metering and Semiconductor divisions.[18] The remainder of the site is occupied by Mirror Colour Print Ltd; the printing division of the Trinity Mirror group, which prints and distributes thirty-six major newspapers, and employs five hundred staff.[24][25]
Coal mining[link]
On the back of the Industrial Revolution, Oldham developed an extensive coal mining sector, correlated to supporting the local cotton industry and the town's inhabitants, though there is evidence of small scale coal mining in the area as early as the 16th century.[26] The Oldham Coalfield stretched from Royton in the north to Bardsley in the south and in addition to Oldham, included the towns of Middleton and Chadderton to the west.[26] The Oldham Coalfield was the site of over 150 collieries during its recorded history.[26] Although some contemporary sources suggest there was coal mining in Oldham at a commercial scale by 1738,[26] older sources attribute the commercial expansion of coal mining with the arrival in the town of two Welsh labourers, John Evans and William Jones, around 1770.[11] Foreseeing the growth in demand for coal as a source of motive and steam power, they acquired colliery rights for Oldham, which by 1771 had 14 colliers.[11] The mines were largely to the southwest of the town around Hollinwood and Werneth and provided enough coal to accelerate Oldham's rapid development at the centre of the cotton boom. At its height in the mid-19th century, when it was dominated by the Lees and Jones families, Oldham coal was mainly sourced from many small collieries whose lives varied from a few years to many decades, although two of the four largest collieries survived to nationalisation.[26][27] In 1851, collieries employed over 2,000 men in Oldham,[27] although the amount of coal in the town was somewhat overestimated however, and production began to decline even before that of the local spinning industry.[26] Today, the only visible remnants of the mines are disused shafts and boreholes.[26]
Social history[link]
Oldham's social history, like that of other former unenfranchised towns, is marked by politicised civil disturbances, as well as events related to the Luddite, Suffragette and other Labour movements from the working classes.[9][22] There has been a significant presence of "friendly societies".[11][28] It has been put that the people of Oldham became radical in politics in the early part of the 19th century, and movements suspected of sedition found patronage in the town.[9] Oldham was frequently disturbed by bread and labour riots, facilitated by periods of scarcity and the disturbance of employment following the introduction of cotton-spinning machinery.[9] On 20 April 1812, a "large crowd of riotous individuals" compelled local retailers to sell foods at a loss, whilst on the same day Luddites numbering in their thousands, many of whom were from Oldham, attacked a cotton mill in nearby Middleton.[10] On 16 August 1819, Oldham sent a contingent estimated at well above 10,000 to hear speakers in St Peter's Fields at Manchester discuss political reform.[29] It was the largest contingent sent to Manchester.[30] John Lees, a cotton operative and ex-soldier who had fought at Waterloo, was one of the fifteen victims of the Peterloo Massacre which followed. The 'Oldham inquest' which proceeded the massacre was anxiously watched; the Court of King's Bench, however, decided that the proceedings were irregular, and the jury were discharged without giving a verdict.[9]
Annie Kenney, born in nearby Springhead, and who worked in Oldham's cotton mills, was a notable of the Suffragette movement credited with sparking off suffragette militancy when she heckled Winston Churchill, and later (with Emmeline Pankhurst) the first Suffragist to be imprisoned. Oldham Women's Suffrage Society was established in 1910 with Margery Lees as president and quickly joined the Manchester and District Federation of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.[31] The Chartist and Co-operative movements had strong support in the town, whilst many Oldhamers protested against the emancipation of slaves.[22] The Riot Act was read in 1852 on election day following a mass public brawl over the Reform Act,[32] and irregularities with parliamentary candidate nominations.[11]
For three days in late May 2001, Oldham became the centre of national and international media attention. Following high profile race-related conflicts, and long-term underlying racial tensions between local White British and Asian communities, major riots broke out in the town. Occurring with particular intensity in the Glodwick area of the town, the Oldham riots were the worst racially motivated riots in the United Kingdom for fifteen years prior, briefly eclipsing the sectarian violence in Northern Ireland in the media.[33] At least 20 people were injured in the riots, including 15 police officers, and 37 people were arrested. Similar riots took place in other towns in northern England over the following days and weeks. The 2001 riots prompted governmental and independent inquiries, which collectively agreed on community relations improvements and considerable regeneration schemes for the town.[33][34]
Governance[link]
Civic history[link]
Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Oldham was recorded in 1212 as being one of five parts of the thegnage estate of Kaskenmoor, which was held on behalf of King John by Roger de Montbegon and William de Nevill.[9][11] The other parts of this estate were Crompton, Glodwick, Sholver, and Werneth.[12] Oldham later formed a township within the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salford.[1][9]
In 1826 commissioners for the social and economic improvement of Oldham were established.[1] The town was made part of a parliamentary borough, in 1832, though it was in 1849 when Oldham was incorporated as a municipal borough, giving it borough status in the United Kingdom,[1][11] and in 1850 the Borough Council obtained the powers of the improvement commissioners.[1] In 1880, parts of the Hollinwood and Crossbank areas of Chadderton and Ashton-under-Lyne townships were added to the Borough of Oldham.[1] Oldham Above Town and Oldham Below Town were, from 1851 until c.1881, statistical units used for the gathering and organising of civil registration information, and output of census data.
The Local Government Act 1888 created elected county councils to administer services throughout England and Wales. Where a municipal borough had a population of more than 50,000 at the 1881 Census it was created a county borough, with the powers and duties of both a borough and county council.[36] As Oldham had an 1881 population of 111,343 it duly became a county borough on 1 April 1889. The borough, while independent of Lancashire County Council for local government, remained part of the county for purposes such as the administration of justice and lieutenancy.[1][37]
In 1951 parts of the Limehurst Rural District were added to the County Borough of Oldham, and in 1954 further parts of the same district added to it on its abolition.[36] Since 1961, Oldham has been twinned with Kranj in Slovenia.[38] Under the Local Government Act 1972, the town's autonomous County borough status was abolished, and Oldham has, since 1 April 1974, formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, within the Metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.[1]
Parliamentary representation[link]
The boundaries of two parliamentary constituencies divide Oldham: Oldham East and Saddleworth, and Oldham West and Royton (which includes the town centre), represented by Labour Members of Parliament Debbie Abrahams and Michael Meacher respectively.[39][40][41]
Created as a parliamentary borough in 1832, Oldham's first parliamentary representatives were the radicals William Cobbett and John Fielden.[42] Winston Churchill began his political career in Oldham. Although unsuccessful at his first attempt in 1899, Churchill was elected as the member of Parliament for the Oldham parliamentary borough constituency in the 1900 general election.[43] He held the constituency for the Conservative Party until the 1906 general election, when he won the election for Manchester North West as a Liberal MP. After he became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1940, Churchill was made a Honorary Freeman of the Borough of Oldham, on 2 April 1941.[11]
Geography[link]
Further information: Geography of Greater Manchester
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At 53°32′39″N 2°7′0.8″W / 53.54417°N 2.116889°W / 53.54417; -2.116889 (53.5444°, −2.1169°), and 164 miles (264 km) north-northwest of London, Oldham stands 700 feet (213 m) above sea level, 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of Manchester city centre, on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock. Saddleworth and the South Pennines are close to the east, whilst on all other sides, Oldham is bound by smaller towns, including Ashton-under-Lyne, Chadderton, Failsworth, Royton and Shaw and Crompton, with little or no green space between them. Oldham experiences a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year.[15]
Oldham's topography is characterised by its rugged, elevated Pennine terrain.[3][44] It has an area of 6.91 square miles (17.90 km2).[8] The geology of Oldham is represented by the Millstone Grit and Coal Measures series of rocks.[15] The River Beal, flowing northwards, forms the boundary between Oldham on one side and Royton and Shaw and Crompton on the other.
To the east of this river the surface rises to a height of 1,225 feet (373 m) at Woodward Hill, on the border with the parish of Saddleworth.[9] The rest of the surface is hilly, the average height decreasing towards the southwest to Failsworth and the city of Manchester. The ridge called Oldham Edge, 800 feet (244 m) high, comes southward from Royton into the centre of the town.[9]
Oldham's built environment is characterised by its 19th-century red-brick terraced houses, the infrastructure that was built to support these and the town's former cotton mills – which mark the town's skyline.[21] The urban structure of Oldham is irregular when compared to most towns in England, its form restricted in places by its hilly upland terrain.[9][44] There are irregularly constructed residential dwellings and streets loosely centred around a central business district in the town centre, which is the local centre of commerce. In 1849, Angus Reach of Inverness said:
The visitor to Oldham will find it essentially a mean-looking straggling town, built upon both sides and crowning the ridge of one of the outlying spurs which branch from Manchester, the neighbouring 'backbone of England'. The whole place has a shabby underdone look. The general appearance of the operatives' houses is filthy and smouldering.[45]—Angus Reach, Morning Chronicle, 1849
In the 1870s, John Marius Wilson described Oldham as consisting of:
... numerous streets, and contains numerous fine buildings, both public and private; but, in a general view, is irregularly constructed, presents the dingy aspect of a crowded seat of manufacture, and is more notable for factories than for any other feature.[42]—John Marius Wilson, Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870–1872)
Although Oldham had a thriving economy during the 19th century, the local merchants were broadly reluctant to spend on civic institutions, and so the town lacks the grandeur seen in comparable nearby towns like Bolton or Huddersfield;[7][46] public expenditure was seen as an overhead that undermined the competitiveness of the town.[22] Subsequently, Oldham's architecture has been described as "mediocre".[46] The town has no listed buildings with a Grade I rating.[47]
There is a mixture of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Oldham. There is some permanent grassland but overwhelmingly the land use in the town is urban. The territory of Oldham is contiguous with other towns on all sides except for a small section along its eastern and southern boundaries, and for purposes of the Office for National Statistics, forms the fourth largest settlement of the Greater Manchester Urban Area,[48][49] the United Kingdom's third largest conurbation. The M60 motorway passes through the southwest of Oldham, through Hollinwood, and a heavy rail line enters Oldham from the same direction, travelling northeast to the town centre before heading northwards through Derker towards Shaw and Crompton.
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Divisions and suburbs[link]
Many of Oldham's present divisions and suburbs have origins as pre-industrial hamlets, manorial commons and ancient chapelries.[11] Some, such as Moorside, exist as recently constructed residential suburbia, whilst places like Hollinwood exist as electoral wards[50] and thoroughly industrialised districts. Throughout most of its recorded history, Oldham was surrounded by large swathes of moorland, which is reflected in the placenames of Moorside, Greenacres moor, Littlemoor, Northmoor among others.
A large portion of Oldham's residences are "low value"[7] Victorian era Accrington red-brick terraced houses in a row formation,[22] built for the most part from 1870 to 1920, to house the town's cotton mill workers.[32] There is more modern housing in the semi-rural east of the town, in areas such as Moorside,[51] although terraces are found in almost all parts of Oldham.
One of the oldest recorded named places of Oldham is Hathershaw, occurring in a deed for 1280 with the spelling Halselinechaw Clugh.[11] Existing as a manor in the 15th century, Hathershaw Hall was the home of a Royalist family in the 17th century who lost part of their possessions due to the English Civil War.[11] Waterhead, an upland area in the east of Oldham, traces its roots to a water cornmill over the border in Lees.[13]
Recorded originally as Watergate and Waterhead Milne, it was for a long time a hamlet in the parish of Oldham that formed a significant part of the Oldham Above Town registration sub-district. Derker was recorded as a place of residence in 1604 with the name Dirtcar.[11] Bound by Higginshaw to the north, Derker is the location of Derker railway station and, said to have terraced residencies "unsuited to modern needs", is currently being redeveloped as part of the Housing Market Renewal Initiative.[52]
Coldhurst, an area along Oldham's northern boundary with Royton, was once a chapelry and the site of considerable industry and commerce, including coal mining, cotton spinning and hat manufacture.[53] It is said to have been the scene of an action in the English Civil War in which the Parliamentarians were defeated.[53]
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Demography[link]
Further information: Demography of Greater Manchester
| Oldham compared | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| UK Census 2001 | Oldham1 | Oldham (Met. District) | England |
| Total population | 103,5442 | 217,273 | 49,138,831 |
| Foreign born | 15% | 8.2% | 9.2% |
| White British | 71% | 86% | 92% |
| Asian | 27% | 12% | 4.6% |
| Black | 0.9% | 0.6% | 2.3% |
| Christian | 58% | 73% | 72% |
| Muslim | 25% | 11% | 3.1% |
| Hindu | 1.1% | 0.1% | 1.1% |
| No religion | 8.3% | 8.9% | 15% |
| Over 65 years old | 12% | 14% | 16% |
| Unemployed | 5.5% | 3.7% | 3.3% |
According to data from the United Kingdom Census 2001, Oldham had a total resident population of 103,544, making it the 55th most populous settlement in England, and the 5th most populous settlement of the Greater Manchester Urban Area.[8] This figure in conjunction with its area provides Oldham with a population density of 3,998 people per square mile (1,544 per km²). The local population has been described as broadly "working class"; the middle classes tending to live in outlying settlements.[22]
Oldham, considered as a combination of the 2001 electoral wards of Alexandra,[54] Coldhurst,[55] Hollinwood,[56] St. James,[57] St. Marys,[58] St. Pauls,[59] Waterhead[60] and Werneth,[61] has an average age of 33.5, and compared against the average demography of the United Kingdom, has a high level of people of South Asian heritage, particularly those with roots in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Due to the town's prevalence as an industrial centre and thus a hub for employment, Oldham attracted migrant workers throughout its history, including those from wider-England, Scotland, Ireland and Poland.[62]
During the 1950s and 1960s, in an attempt to fill the shortfall of workers and revitalise local industries, citizens of the wider Commonwealth of Nations were encouraged to migrate to Oldham and other British towns.[62] Many came from the Caribbean and Indian subcontinent and settled throughout the Oldham borough.[62]
Today, Oldham has large communities with heritage from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and parts of the Caribbean.[62] At the time of the 2001 census, over one in four of its residents identified themselves as from a South Asian or British Asian ethnic group. Cultural divisions along ethnic backgrounds are strong within the town,[22] with poor cross-community integration and cohesion along Asian and white backgrounds.[22]
With only a small local population during medieval times, as a result of the introduction of industry, mass migration of village workers into Oldham occurred,[11] resulting in a population change from under 2,000 in 1714[10][63] to 12,000 in 1801 to 137,000 in 1901.[14] In 1851 its population of 52,820 made Oldham the 12th most populous town in England.[64] The following is a table outlining the population change of the town since 1801, which demonstrates a trend of rapid population growth in the 19th century and, after peaking at 147,483 people in 1911, a trend of general decline in population size during the 20th century.
| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 12,024 | 16,690 | 21,662 | 32,381 | 42,595 | 52,820 | 72,333 | 82,629 | 111,349 | 131,463 | 137,246 | 147,483 | 144,983 | 140,314 | 120,511 | 121,266 | 115,346 | 105,922 | 107,830 | 103,931 | 103,544 |
| Sources: A Vision of Britain through Time Bateson, H. (1949), A Centenary History of Oldham, p. 232 [11] |
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Economy[link]
For years Oldham's economy was heavily dependent on manufacturing industry, especially textiles and mechanical engineering.[65][66] Since the deindustrialisation of Oldham in the mid-20th century, these industries have been replaced by home shopping, publishing, healthcare and food processing sectors, though factory-generated employment retains a significant presence.[65] Many of the modern sectors are low-skill and low-wage.[22]
Park Cake Bakeries, recently sold as part of a large shake-up by the Northern Foods Group, have a large food processing centre in Hathershaw, which employs in excess of 1,600 people. Over 90% of the cakes produced go to Marks & Spencer.[67][68] Long existing as an industrial district, Hollinwood is home to the Northern Counties Housing Association,[69] and Mirror Colour Print Ltd; the printing division of the Trinity Mirror group, which prints and distributes 36 major newspapers, and employs 500 staff.[70]
Oldham's town centre contains the highest concentration of retailing, cultural facilities and employment in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.[7] It has been extensively redeveloped during the last few decades, and its two shopping centres, Town Square and The Spindles, now provide one of the largest covered retail areas in Greater Manchester.[71] The Spindles (named with reference to textile spindles) is a modern shopping centre with over 40 retailers, banks, building societies and catering outlets. It houses one of Europe's largest stained glass roofs, created by local artist Brian Clarke in celebration of the music of one of Oldham's famous sons, composer and conductor Sir William Walton.[72]
Ferranti Technologies is an electronic, electromechanical and electrical engineering company based in Waterhead.[73]
A number of culinary and medical advances have been developed in Oldham. There are claims that Oldham was the birthplace of the first chip shop.[74][75][76] The sometimes disputed claim of trade in deep-fried chipped potatoes is said to have been started in around 1858–60 from an outlet owned by a John Lees, on what is the present site of Oldham's Tommyfield Market.[76][77][78] In 1900 Oldham had the highest concentration of chip shops in the country; one for every 400 people.[76] Rag Pudding is a savoury dish said to be native to Oldham.[79] Yates Wine Lodge was founded in Oldham by Peter and Simon Yates in 1884.[21]
The tubular bandage was invented and developed in Oldham in 1961.[80] That "vital contribution to advancing medical science" resulted from a collaboration between local firm Seton and a cotton manufacturer in the town.
Landmarks[link]
See also: List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester, Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester, Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester, and List of public art in Greater Manchester
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Town Hall[link]
Oldham's Old Town Hall is a Grade II listed Georgian neo-classical town hall built in 1841,[81] eight years before Oldham received its borough status.[82] One of the last purpose built town halls in northwest England,[22] it has a tetrastyle Ionic portico, copied from the temple of Ceres, on the River Ilissos, near Athens.[42] Winston Churchill made his inaugural acceptance speech from the steps of the town hall when he was first elected as a Conservative MP in 1900. A Blue Plaque on the exterior of the building commemorates the event.[83] Long existing as the political centre of the town, complete with courtrooms, the structure has stood empty since the mid 1980s and has regularly been earmarked for redevelopment as part of regeneration project proposals; none have been actioned.[7][82][83][84]
In September 2008, it was reported that "Oldham Town Hall is only months away from a major roof collapse".[85] A tour taken by local councillors and media concluded with an account that "chunks of masonry are falling from the ceilings on a daily basis, [...] the floors are littered with dead pigeons and [...] revealed that the building is literally rotting away".[83][85] In October 2009 the Victorian Society, a charity responsible for the study and protection of Britain's Victorian and Edwardian architecture, declared Oldham Town Hall as the most endangered Victorian structure in England and Wales.[86][87][88]
War memorial[link]
Erected as a permanent memorial to the men of Oldham who were killed in World War I, Oldham's war memorial consists of a granite base surmounted by a bronze sculpture depicting five soldiers making their way along the trenches in order to go into battle.[89] The main standing figure, having climbed out of the trenches, is shown calling on his comrades to advance. The base serves to house books containing the roll of honour of the 1st, 10th and 24th Battalions, Manchester Regiment. The pedestal has two bronze doors at either side.[89]
Commissioned in 1919 by the Oldham War Memorial Committee, the memorial was designed and built by Albert Toft.[90] It was unveiled by General Sir Ian Hamilton on 28 April 1923, before a crowd estimated at over 10,000.[89] The monument was intended to symbolise the spirit of 1914–1918.[11]
The inscriptions on the memorial read:
- Over doors: "Mors Januva Vitae, 1914-1918" (death is the gate of life)
- Opposite side: "To God Be The Praise"
Civic Centre[link]
The Civic Centre tower is the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham's centre of local governance. The 15-storey white-brick building has housed the vast majority of the local government's offices since its completion in 1977. Standing at the summit of the town, the tower stands over 200 feet (61 m) high.[91] It was designed by Cecil Howitt & Partners,[7] and the topping out ceremony was held on 18 June 1976.[20] The Civic Centre can be seen as far away as Salford, Trafford, Wythenshawe and Winter Hill in Lancashire, and offers panoramic views across the city of Manchester and the Cheshire Plain.
Parish Church[link]
See also: List of churches in Greater Manchester
The Oldham Parish Church of St. Mary with St. Peter, in its present form, dates from 1830 and was designed in the Gothic Revival Style by Richard Lane, a Manchester based architect.[63] It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.[92] It was linked with the church of St Mary the Virgin, Prestwich and together the sites were principal churches of the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham.[63]
A church building had existed on the site since 1280.[63] During this time, a small chapel stood on the site to serve the local townships of Oldham, Chadderton, Royton and Crompton. This was later replaced by an Early English Gothic church in the 15th century.[63] With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, the population of Oldham increased at a rapid rate (from under 2,000 in 1714, to over 32,000 by 1831).[63] The rapid growth of the local population warranted that the building be rebuilt in to the current structure. Though the budget was originally agreed at £5,000,[7] the final cost of building was £30,000, one third of which was spent on the crypt structure.[63] Alternative designs by Sir Charles Barry, the designer of the Palace of Westminster, although now regarded by some as superior, were rejected.[7][63] The Church, of the Anglican denomination, is in active use for worship, and forms part of the Diocese of Manchester.[63]
Transport[link]
The geography of Oldham constrained the development of major transport infrastructure.[64] It has been put that "if it had not grown substantially before the railway age it would surely have been overlooked".[64] Oldham has never been on a main line railway route, and canals too have only been able to serve it from a distance,[64] meaning that "Oldham has never had a train service worthy of a town of its size".[93]
A principal destination along the former Oldham Loop Line, Oldham once had seven railway stations but this was reduced to four once Clegg Street, Oldham Central and Glodwick Road closed in the mid-20th century; Hollinwood, Oldham Werneth, Oldham Mumps and Derker closed on 3 October 2009.[94][95] Trains from Manchester Victoria station to Oldham had to climb steeply through much of its 6-mile (9.7 km) route, from around 100 feet (30.5 m) at Manchester city centre to around 600 feet (182.9 m) at Oldham Mumps.[64] The Werneth Incline, with its gradient of 1 in 27, made the Middleton Junction to Oldham Werneth route the steepest regular passenger line in the country.[93] The Werneth Incline route closed in 1963. It had been replaced as the main route to Manchester by the section of line built between Oldham Werneth Station and Thorpes Bridge Junction, Newton Heath in May 1880.[96] Oldham Mumps, the second oldest station on the line after Werneth,[94] took its name from its location in the Mumps area of Oldham, which itself probably derived from the archaic word "mumper" which was slang for a beggar.[97] The former Oldham Loop Line is to be converted for use with an expanded Manchester Metrolink tram network, planned to open in 2012.[7][94][95]
Oldham had electric tramways to Manchester in the early-20th century; the first tram was driven from Manchester into Oldham in 1900 by the Lord Mayor of Manchester.[20] The system came to an end on 3 August 1946, however.[11] There was also a short-lived Oldham trolleybus system, in 1925-26. The £3.3m Oldham Bus Station has frequent bus services to Manchester, Rochdale, Ashton-under-Lyne and Middleton with other services to the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Tameside, and across the Pennines to Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.[98] The roof canopy is supported internally on two rows of steel trees. The extensive use of glass and stainless steel maximises visibility, and there is a carefully co-ordinated family of information fittings, posters and seating, using robust natural materials for floors and plinths.[98] The bus station is used by National Express coaches. First Manchester, FirstGroup plc's bus operator for north-Greater Manchester, has its headquarters in Oldham.[99]
Oldham is about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the major M62 motorway, but is linked to it by the M60 at Hollinwood, and A627(M) via Chadderton. There are major A roads to Ashton-under-Lyne, Huddersfield, Manchester, and Rochdale.[11]
The Hollinwood Branch of the Ashton Canal was a canal that ran from Fairfield in Droylsden, through Littlemoss and Daisy Nook Country Park to the Hollinwood area of Oldham, with a branch from Daisy Nook to the Fairbottom Branch Canal.[100] The canal was mainly used for the haulage of coal until it fell into disuse for commercial traffic in the 1930s.[101] It included four aqueducts and a two-rise lock staircase.
Sports[link]
Oldham Roughyeds Rugby League Club was established in 1876 as Oldham Football Club,[22] and Oldham Athletic Football Club in 1895 as Pine Villa Football Club. Oldham Athletic have achieved both league and cup successes, particularly under Joe Royle in the 1990s.[22] They were Football League runners-up in the last season before the outbreak of the First World War, but were relegated from the Football League First Division in 1923. They reached the Football League Cup final in 1990 and won the Football League Second Division title in 1991, ending 68 years outside the top flight.
They secured their top division status a year later to become founder members of the new Premier League,[80] but were relegated after two seasons despite reaching that year's FA Cup semi-finals. They are currently playing in Football League One, the third tier of the English league. After the sacking of John Sheridan in mid-March 2009, Dave Penney was appointed manager, but was only to last for one season. The club's current manager is Paul Dickov the former Manchester City player.[102] Boundary Park, where the club has played since the early 20th Century, had been proposed for regeneration, but plans are currently ongoing for a move to a new ground to be built in neighbouring Failsworth.[22]
Oldham Boro Football Club was established in 1964 as Oldham Dew FC, and after many years playing under the name of Oldham Town adapted its present name in 2009. The team currently plays in the North West Counties Football League Division Two.
Renamed in 1997 to Oldham Roughyeds, Oldham Rugby League Club has received several club honours during its history,[103] winning the Rugby Football League Championship five times and Challenge Cup three times.[103] They played at Watersheddings for years before joining Oldham Athletic at Boundary Park until 2010 when they moved to Oldham Borough's previous ground, Whitebank Stadium.[103] Oldham has league cricket teams with a number of semi-professional league clubs including Oldham CC, and Werneth CC in the Central Lancashire League.
Education[link]
See also: List of schools in Oldham
Almost every part of Oldham is served by a school of some kind, some with religious affiliations. According to the Office for Standards in Education, schools within the town perform at mixed levels. Oldham Hulme grammer schools, which dates from 1895,[104] is consistently Oldham's top performing secondary school for girls school and boys school 11- to 16-year-olds, and has a sixth form college of further education for 16- to 18-year-olds on the same site.
Oldham produced someone who is considered[6] to be one of the greatest benefactors of education for the nation, Hugh Oldham, who in 1504 was appointed as Bishop of Exeter, and later went on to found what is now Manchester Grammar School.
University Centre Oldham is a centre for higher education and a sister campus of the University of Huddersfield. It was opened in May 2005 by actor Patrick Stewart, the centre's Chancellor.[105] The University Centre Oldham presented actress Shobna Gulati and artist, Brian Clarke (both born in Oldham) with an Honorary Doctorate of Letters at the Graduation Ceremony of November 2006, for their achievements and contributions to Oldham and its community.[105]
| School | Type/Status | OfSTED | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Blue Coat School | Secondary School | 105739 | www.blue-coat.oldham.sch.uk |
| Breeze Hill School | Secondary School | 105731 | www.breezehill.oldham.sch.uk |
| Counthill School | Secondary School | 105728 | www.counthill.org.uk |
| Grange School | Secondary School | 105729 | [http://www.theoldhamacademynorth.com/ |
| Hulme Grammar School | Grammar School | N/A | www.hulme-grammar.oldham.sch.uk |
| Kaskenmoor School | Secondary School | 105732 | www.kaskenmoor.org.uk |
| New Bridge School | Secondary Special School | 134517 | www.newbridgeschool.net |
| Oldham Sixth Form College | Sixth Form College | 130506 | www.osfc.ac.uk |
| The Oldham College | Further education college | 130505 | www.oldham.ac.uk |
| University Centre Oldham | Higher education college | N/A | www.oldham.hud.ac.uk |
| St Augustine of Canterbury R.C. High School | Secondary School | 105741 | www.staugustine.oldham.sch.uk |
| The Hathershaw College | Secondary School | 105730 | www.hathershaw.org.uk |
Public services[link]
Home Office policing in Oldham is provided by the Greater Manchester Police. The force's "(Q) Division" have their headquarters for policing the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham at central Oldham. Public transport is co-ordinated by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive. Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, which has two stations in Oldham; at Hollins on Hollins Road,[106] and at Clarksfield on Lees Road.[107]
The Royal Oldham Hospital, at Oldham's northern boundary with Royton, is a large NHS hospital administrated by Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. It was opened under its existing name on 1 December 1989.[108] Formerly known as Oldham District and General, and occupying the site of the town's former workhouse (named Oldham Union Workhouse in 1851),[108] the hospital is notable for being the birthplace of Louise Joy Brown – the world's first successful In vitro fertilised "test tube baby", on 25 July 1978.[109] The North West Ambulance Service provides emergency patient transport. Other forms of health care are provided for locally by several small clinics and surgeries.
Waste management is co-ordinated by the local authority via the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority.[110] Locally produced inert waste for disposal is sent to landfill at the Beal Valley.[111] Oldham's Distribution Network Operator for electricity is United Utilities;[112] there are no power stations in the town. United Utilities also manages Oldham's drinking and waste water;[112] water supplies being sourced from several local reservoirs, including Dovestones and Chew.[113] There is a water treatment works at Waterhead.[112]
Culture[link]
Oldham, though lacking in leisure and cultural amenities,[46] is historically notable for its theatrical culture.[114] Once having a peak of six "fine" theatres in 1908,[114] Oldham is home to the Oldham Coliseum Theatre and the Oldham Theatre Workshop, which have facilitated the early careers of notable actors and writers, including Eric Sykes,[114] Bernard Cribbins[115] and Anne Kirkbride,[115] daughter of acclaimed cartoonist Jack Kirkbride who worked for the Oldham Evening Chronicle. Oldham Coliseum Theatre is one of Britain's last remaining repertory theatres; Charlie Chaplin and Stan Laurel performed there in the early 20th century, and contemporary actors such as Ralph Fiennes and Minnie Driver, among others, have appeared more recently.[116] In the nineteenth century, the circus was a popular entertainment in Oldham, with Pablo Fanque's circus, a regular visitor to town, filling a 3000-seat amphitheatre on Tommyfield in 1869.[117] Criticised for its lack of a cinema,[46] there are plans to develop an "Oldham West End".[118] Oldham has a thriving bar and night club culture which attracts significant number of young people into the town centre.[7] Oldham's "hard binge drinking culture" has been criticised however for conveying a negative regional image of the town.[46]
Communal facilities[link]
The Lyceum is a Grade II listed building[119][120] opened in 1856 at a cost of £6,500 as a "mutual improvement" centre for the working men of Oldham;[11] it replaced an earlier building constructed in 1839. The facilities provided to members included a library, a newsroom, and a series of lectures on geology, geography and education, microscopy and chemistry, female education, and botany.[119] Instrumental music was introduced and there were soon 16 violinists and 3 'cellists. Eventually the building was extended to include a School of Science and Art. Music had always been important in the life of the Lyceum, and in 1892 a school of music was opened, with 39 students enrolled for the "theory and practice of music".
The Lyceum continued throughout the 20th century as a centre for the arts in Oldham, and in 1986 the local authority was invited by its directors and trustees to accept the building as a gift.[119] The acceptance of the Lyceum building by the Education Committee provided the opportunity to re-locate The Music Centre and "further enhance the cultural activities of the town".[119] In 1989 the Oldham Metropolitan Borough Music Centre moved into the Lyceum building, which is now the home of the Oldham Lyceum School of Music.[119]
Oldham’s museum and gallery service dates back to 1883.[121] Since then it has established itself as a cultural focus for Oldham and has developed one of the largest and most varied permanent collections in North West England. The current collection includes over 12,000 social and industrial history items, more than 2,000 works of art, about 1,000 items of decorative art, more than 80,000 natural history specimens, over 1,000 geological specimens, about 3,000 archaeological artefacts, 15,000 photographs and a large number of books, pamphlets and documents.[121]
Oldham is now home to a newly built state-of-the-art art gallery, Gallery Oldham, which was completed in February 2002 as the first phase of the Oldham Cultural Quarter.[122] Later phases of the development saw the opening of an extended Oldham Library, a lifelong learning centre and there are plans to include a performing arts centre.[7]
Carnival[link]
The annual Oldham Carnival started around 1900, although the tradition of carnivals in the town goes back much further, providing a "welcomed respite from the tedium of everyday life".[123] The carnival parade was always held in mid-to-late summer, with the primary aim of raising money for charities.[123] It often featured local dignitaries or popular entertainers, in addition to brass, military and jazz bands, the Carnival Queen, people in fancy dress, dancers and decorated floats from local churches and businesses.[123] Whenever possible, local people who had attained national celebrity status were invited to join the cavalcade.[123] The carnival's route began in the town centre, wound its way along King Street, and ended with a party in Alexandra Park.[123]
The carnival was a popular and prestigious event,[123] though it fell out of favour in the late 1990s.[124] The carnival was resurrected in 2006, rebranded the People's Carnival.[124]
Notable people[link]
Main article: List of people from Oldham
People from Oldham are called Oldhamers,[21] though "Roughyed" is a nickname from the 18th century when rough felt was used in Oldham to make hats.[11] The town has been the birthplace and home to notable people, of national and international acclaim. Edward Potts was a renowned architect who moved to Oldham from nearby Bury. He was the architect for fourteen new mills in the borough including the Bell mill (1904) and the Iris mill (1907).[125] Other notable persons of historic significance with a connection to Oldham are acclaimed composer Sir William Walton, former British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, and Louise Brown,[109] the world's first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilisation. Notable Oldhamers from TV entertainment include comedy double act Tommy Cannon and Bobby Ball, TV host Phillip Schofield,[80] actress Shobna Gulati and comedian, musician and actor Bernard Cribbins. Notable musicians from Oldham include the Inspiral Carpets, Drummer Simon Wright and Mark Owen of boyband Take That.[80] Notable sportsmen from Oldham include former England national football team captain David Platt.[80] and Manchester United and former England footballer Paul Scholes
References[link]
Notes[link]
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- ^ Cultural Quarter, galleryoldham.org.uk, http://www.galleryoldham.org.uk/cultural-quarter.htm, retrieved 15 October 2007
- ^ a b c d e f Drummond, Christine (2005), Oldham Celebrates; Events in Oldham's History, Oldham Arts and Heritage Publications, ISBN 0-902809-58-X
- ^ a b A History of Oldham's Carnivals, oldhamcarnival.org.uk, 2007, archived from the original on November 14, 2007, http://web.archive.org/web/20071114183027/http://www.oldhamcarnival.org.uk/carnivalhistory.htm, retrieved 10 November 2007
- ^ Farnie, D. A.; Harrison, B. (2004), Potts, Edward (1839–1909), architect, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, DOI:10.1093/ref:odnb/60877, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/60877, retrieved 22 February 2009
Bibliography[link]
- Bygone Oldham, True North Publishing, 1996, ISBN 1-900463-25-3
- Ballard, Elsie (1986) [1967], A Chronicle of Crompton (2nd ed.), Royton: Burnage Press Limited, ISBN 5-00-096678-3
- Bateson, Hartley (1949), A Centenary History of Oldham, Oldham County Borough Council, ISBN 5-00-095162-X
- Brownbill, John; Farrer, William (1911), A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5, Victoria County History, ISBN 978-0-7129-1055-2
- Butterworth, Edwin (1981), Historical Sketches of Oldham, E.J. Morten, ISBN 978-0-85972-048-9
- Carter, James (1986), Oldham Colosseum Theatre - The first hundred years, Oldham Leisure Services, ISBN 0-902809-15-6
- Daly, J.D, Oldham From the XX Legion to the 20th Century, ISBN 5-00-091284-5
- Crawford, Elizabeth (23 November 2000), The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-23926-4
- Drummond, Christine (2005), Oldham Celebrates; Events in Oldham's History, Oldham Arts and Heritage, ISBN 0-902809-58-X
- Eastham, Reginald H. (1994), Platts; Textile Machinery Makers, R.H Eastham
- Fanning, Gerry (2001), British Mining No. 68 - Oldham Coal, Keighley: Northern Mine Research Society, ISBN 0-901450-54-5
- Foster, John (1974), Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution - Early industrial capitalism in three English towns, Weidenfield & Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-297-76681-0
- Frangopulo, N.J. (1977), Tradition in Action: The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County, EP Publishing, Wakefield, ISBN 0-7158-1203-3
- Gibb, Robert (2005), Greater Manchester: A panorama of people and places in Manchester and its surrounding towns, Myriad, ISBN 1-904736-86-6
- Gurr, Duncan; Hunt, Julian (1998), The Cotton Mills of Oldham, Oldham Education & Leisure, ISBN 0-902809-46-6
- Kidd, Leonard (1977), Oldham's natural history, Oldham Libraries, Art Galleries and Museums
- Llewellin, Mark (2000), They Started Here!: The Story of Oldham Coliseum Theatre, P & D Riley Publishers, ISBN 978-1-874712-47-3
- Marlow, Joyce (1969), The Peterloo Massacre, Rapp & Whiting, ISBN 0-85391-122-3
- McNeil, R.; Nevell, M. (2000), A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7
- McPhillips, K. (1977), Oldham: The Formative Years, Neil Richardson, ISBN 1-85216-119-1
- Millett, Freda (1996), Images of England; Oldham, Nonsuch, ISBN 1-84588-164-8
- Nadin, Jack (2006), The Oldham Coalfield, Tempus Publishing, ISBN 0-7524-2945-0
- Oldham County Borough Council (1973), Official Handbook of Oldham
- Sellers, Gladys (1991), Walking the South Pennines, Cicerone Press, ISBN 978-1-85284-041-9
External links[link]
This audio file was created from a revision of the "Oldham" article dated 2008-02-10, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Oldham |
- www.oldham.gov.uk, Website of Oldham Council.
- www.genuki.org.uk, GENUKI entry for Oldham, including genealogical data and historic descriptions.
- www.oldhamadvertiser.co.uk, Website for one of Oldham's weekly newspapers, the Oldham Advertiser.
- www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk, Website for Oldham's daily newspaper, the Oldham Evening Chronicle.
- www.coliseum.org.uk/, Official website of Oldham Coliseum Theatre.
- www.oldhamcarnival.org.uk, Official website for the planning and reporting of the annual Oldham Carnival.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Dominic Noonan | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1966 (age 45–46) Whalley Range, Manchester |
| Occupation | Security |
Dominic Noonan (born 1966)[1] is an English organised crime figure.[2] Dominic Noonan, with his brother Desmond "Dessie" Noonan, headed a criminal organisation or "crime firm" in Manchester, England during the 1980s and 1990s and is a member of one of Manchester's most infamous crime families.[3]
Noonan has more than 40 convictions for a wide range of offences including armed robbery, police assault, possession of firearms, prison escape and fraud[4] and has spent 22 years in prisons across Britain.[5] Although Noonan is alleged to have been involved in a number of gangland murders, he has never been convicted.[6]
Contents |
Personal life[link]
The Noonan family first rose to notoriety in the Manchester gang scene after the murder of "White Tony" Johnson,[7][8] the leader of the Cheetham Hill Gang, who was gunned down in 1991.[9] On 9 August 2011, during the 2011 England riots, Dominic Noonan was caught on film talking to looters in Manchester city centre.[10] It was reported that Mark Duggan who was shot and killed by officers from the Metropolitan Police indirectly led to the 2011 England riots was personally known to Dominic, he was a nephew of Dominic's brother Desmond Noonan's second ex-wife.[11] The Manchester Evening News on 12 August 2011, reporting the looting cases, reads "Domenyk Noonan, 47, who has changed his name to Lattlay-Fottfoy, from Wellington Road South, Stockport, appeared in court charged with handling stolen alcohol and cigarettes. He did not enter a plea and was remanded in custody."
Documentary[link]
Dominic Noonan and his brother Desmond were the subject of a 2006 documentary A Very British Gangster (or MacIntyre's Underworld) directed by Donal MacIntyre.[12] During the introduction to the documentary Donal MacIntyre describes Dominic Noonan as "a dangerous, maniacal Christopher Biggins".[13]
During the documentary Dominic is asked by MacIntyre about rumours that he is homosexual.[14] "Without missing a beat Noonan openly admits that he’s gay."[15]
References[link]
- ^ Domeny K Noonan
- ^ The Times
- ^ Manchester Evening News
- ^ The Telegraph
- ^ Dare Films
- ^ The Daily Telegraph
- ^ Manchester Evening News
- ^ The Advertiser
- ^ Search Light
- ^ The Daily Telegraph
- ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2025259/Mark-Duggans-uncle-crime-lord.html?ito=feeds-newsxml
- ^ A Very British Gangster
- ^ The Daily Telegraph
- ^ Irish Abroad
- ^ The Guardian
External links[link]
- Manchester Evening News - Gang boss stabbed to death by John Scheerhout and Paul Britton
- South Manchester Reporter - Gangster's brother: It was wrong for schools to close
- Manchester MetroNews: Noonan killer to be kept in solitary for protection
- Manchester Evening News article
- The Official Website for A Very British Gangster, an in depth look at Dominic Noonan
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Noonan, Dominic |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1966 |
| Place of birth | Whalley Range, Manchester |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Dominic_Noonan
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Dominic Noonan
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Noonan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people of the same name, see Alexander Miller (disambiguation).
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Alex Miller | ||
| Date of birth | (1949-07-04) 4 July 1949 (age 62) | ||
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland | ||
| Playing position | Defender | ||
| Youth career | |||
| Clydebank Strollers | |||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 1967–1982 | Rangers | 197 | (17) |
| 1983 | South China | ||
| 1983 | Morton | 8 | (1) |
| Total | 205 | (18) | |
| Teams managed | |||
| 1983 | South China | ||
| 1983 | Morton | ||
| 1983–1986 | St. Mirren | ||
| 1986–1996 | Hibernian | ||
| 1997–1998 | Aberdeen | ||
| 2008–2009 | JEF United Chiba | ||
| 2010 | AIK | ||
| 2012 | Sibir Novosibirsk | ||
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals). |
|||
Alex Miller (born 4 July 1949) is a Scottish football manager and former player. As a player, he had a 15 year career with Rangers. As a manager, he won the 1991 Scottish League Cup with Hibernian. He subsequently worked for Premier League club Liverpool for nine years,[1] assisting Gérard Houllier and Rafael Benítez.
Contents |
Playing career[link]
As a player Miller started out his career with Clydebank Strollers before he made the move to Rangers. Miller played for Rangers from 1967 until 1982 before finishing his playing career in Hong Kong. He made 306 appearances during his spell at Rangers and scored 30 goals. After being coached by David White he was promoted to the first team. In the summer of 1970 he won his first title with the team, the 1970 Scottish League Cup Final. Under coach William Waddell, he was mostly just a second choice player. Therefore, in one of the biggest successes of the club's history, the triumph in the 1972 European Cup Winners' Cup Final, Miller was not on the pitch. It was only after Jock Wallace took over as coach, Miller became increasingly used. As a regular player after the mid-1970s, he won multiple titles. He was something of a legend at Ibrox having played in a Scottish Cup Final despite having a broken jaw.[citation needed]
Coaching career[link]
Early Coaching Career[link]
Miller was appointed as player-manager when he played briefly for South China in Hong Kong in 1983, but was unable to save the club from relegation.[2] He was then briefly manager of Greenock Morton in 1983 before contentiously joining their rivals from Paisley, St. Mirren, who were at that time in a higher division.
St. Mirren[link]
Miller managed St. Mirren from 1983 until 1986. He moulded a side that would win the 1987 Scottish Cup Final, later in the season that he left the club. Miller guided St. Mirren to qualification for European competition. One of Saints all time great nights came in a European campaign when in 1985, Slavia Prague were knocked out after a 3–0 Saints win at Love Street.
Hibernian[link]
He was then manager of Hibernian from 1986 to 1996, through a "difficult" period in the clubs history, as the club came through financial problems.[1][3] He led Hibs to victory in the 1991–92 Scottish League Cup,[1] beating Rangers in the semi finals (1–0) and Dunfermline Athletic in the final (2–0). Hibs qualified for the UEFA Cup, losing on the away goals rule to RSC Anderlecht. Hibs reached the 1993 Scottish League Cup Final, but this time lost out to Rangers (1–2). Hibs finished the 1994–95 season in third place in the league. Miller was sacked by Hibs in 1996, with some observers accusing him of having betrayed Hibs' "cavalier ideals".[1]
Coventry and Aberdeen[link]
He then moved to Coventry City as assistant manager after took an offer of his Scottish compatriot Gordon Strachan. A year later, unable to resist the challenge of being his own man again, he moved to Aberdeen taking over the manager's post from Roy Aitken. However this stint was not a successful one and he was replaced in 1998 by Paul Hegarty.
Liverpool[link]
Miller joined English Premiership side Liverpool as Director of Scouting under Gérard Houllier in 1999. However, when Rafael Benítez was appointed manager of Liverpool in 2004, he overhauled the scouting system. Miller then subsequently worked as first team coach, helping the club win the Champions League in 2005 and the FA Cup in 2006. Miller left Liverpool in May 2008 to manage Japanese side JEF United Chiba.[4][5]
JEF United Chiba[link]
Despite taking over the club when they had taken just two points from eleven games, Miller managed to guide the team to safety from relegation.[6] However, following a string of poor results in the next season which the club was in the relegation zone, Miller's contract was terminated by the club in July 2009.[7]
AIK[link]
After a year left without commitment, Miller was appointed manager of Swedish team AIK in June 2010 as the successor of Mikael Stahre and the interim solution Björn Wesström.[8] He left in November 2010, after less than five months in charge.[9][10] AIK had been in some danger of relegation when Miller was appointed, but they eventually finished 11th in the 16-team division.[10]
Sibir Novosibirsk[link]
Miller was appointed head coach of Russian First Division club Sibir Novosibirsk in January 2012.[11] Miller became the first British head coach in Russian football.[11] Miller left the club after just nine matches in charge.[12]
Managerial record[link]
| Team | From | To | Games | Won | Lost | Drawn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St Mirren | 01-08-1983 | 16-12-1986 | ||||
| Hibernian | 15-11-1986 | 30-09-1996 | ||||
| Aberdeen | 21-11-1997 | 08-12-1998 | 43 | 11 | 19 | 13 |
| AIK | 22-06-2010 | 10-11-2010 | 24 | 9 | 11 | 4 |
| Sibir Novosibirsk[12] | 10-01-2012 | 20-04-2012 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
Personal life[link]
Two of Miller's sons, Graeme and Greg, both played for Hibs while Miller was manager there. Miller also employed Greg as a coach while he was manager of JEF United Chiba.[1]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e "Saturday Interview: Miller's outlook brighter after stint in Land of Rising Sun". The Scotsman (Johnston Press). 10 October 2009. http://sport.scotsman.com/sport/Saturday-Interview-Miller39s-outlook-brighter.5721742.jp. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ 莫逸風, 黃海榮 (July 2008). 香港足球誌. Hong Kong: 上書房 UP Publications. pp. 115–116. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978981773524|978981773524]]. http://www.uppublications.biz/authors/football.htm.
- ^ Club History, Hibernian official site.
- ^ "Rafa confirms Miller departure". Liverpoolfc.tv. 2008-05-08. http://www.liverpoolfc.tv/news/drilldown/N159865080508-1326.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ "Miller exits Liverpool for Japan". BBC Sport (BBC). 8 May 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/liverpool/7390957.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ McDaid, David (5 December 2008). "Miller time in Japan". BBC Sport. BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/7767823.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ "Miller axed as JEF United coach". BBC Sport (BBC). 28 July 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/8172650.stm. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ "Swedes go for Miller". Scottish Sun. 23 June 2010. http://www.thescottishsun.co.uk/scotsol/homepage/sport/3025851/Alex-Miller-is-appointed-manager-of-AIK-Stockholm.html. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ Mellerborg, Stefan. "Alex Miller och AIK Fotboll går skilda vägar". AIK Football. http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=3495. Retrieved 10 November 2010. (Swedish)
- ^ a b "Alex Miller parts company with AIK". The Scotsman (Johnston Press). 10 November 2010. http://www.scotsman.com/sport/alex_miller_parts_company_with_aik_1_833243. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ a b "Alex Miller proud to be first Briton to manage in Russian football". BBC Sport (BBC). 10 January 2012. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/scotland/16491208.stm. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ a b "Alex Miller Leaves Russian Club After 9 Games". RIA Novosti. 20 April 2012. http://en.ria.ru/sports/20120420/172932780.html. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Miller, Alex |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Scottish footballer and manager |
| Date of birth | 4 July 1949 |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Alex_Miller
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Миллер, Алекс (футболист)
http://pt.wn.com/Alex Miller
http://de.wn.com/Alex Miller
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Miller
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
