- published: 05 Oct 2011
- views: 17075
- author: minorukoide
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- Adachi, Tokyo
- Aerospace
- Agui, Aichi
- Aichi Arts Center
- Aichi Prefecture
- Airbase
- Aisai, Aichi
- Aisin Seiki
- Akane Ogura
- Akashi, Hyōgo
- Akio Morita
- Akira Toriyama
- Akita City
- Ama District, Aichi
- Ama, Aichi
- Amagasaki, Hyōgo
- Anjō, Aichi
- Aomori, Aomori
- Arakawa, Tokyo
- Arimatsu
- Asahi Monzaemon
- Asahikawa, Hokkaidō
- Atsugi, Kanagawa
- Atsuta Shrine
- Atsuta-ku, Nagoya
- Australia
- Baghdad
- Bandung
- Bangalore
- Bangkok
- Banshō-ji
- Baseball
- Beijing
- Bodycote
- Boeing
- Bogotá
- Brother Industries
- Bungo Province
- Bunkyo, Tokyo
- Cairo
- Capital (political)
- Census
- Central League
- Chazuke
- Chennai
- Chiba, Chiba
- Chicago
- Chigasaki, Kanagawa
- Chikusa-ku, Nagoya
- China
- Chiryū, Aichi
- Chita, Aichi
- Chiyoda, Tokyo
- Chonqing
- Christopher Lambert
- Chukyo Racecourse
- Chukyo University
- Chunichi Dragons
- Chūbu region
- Chūō Main Line
- Chūō, Tokyo
- Cinnamomum camphora
- Clog (shoe)
- Cochin (chicken)
- Confectionery
- Core city
- Cotton
- Daido University
- Daikon
- Delhi
- DENSO
- Detroit, Michigan
- Dhaka
- Doho University
- Dongguan
- Düsseldorf
- East Rand
- Edo
- Edogawa, Tokyo
- Enamelware
- Essen
- F. League
- Festivals in Nagoya
- Football (soccer)
- Foshan
- Fuji, Shizuoka
- Fukui, Fukui
- Fukuoka
- Fukushima, Fukushima
- Fukuyama, Hiroshima
- Funabashi, Chiba
- Fusō, Aichi
- Futsal
- Gamagōri, Aichi
- Gamera vs. Gyaos
- General aviation
- Genroku
- Geta (footwear)
- Gifu
- Gifu Prefecture
- Gifu, Gifu
- Godzilla vs. Mothra
- Gozu
- Greater Buenos Aires
- Greater Nagoya
- Guangzhou
- Gujo Hachiman, Gifu
- Gunpowder
- Hachinohe, Aomori
- Hakodate, Hokkaidō
- Hamamatsu
- Hamilton, Ontario
- Handa, Aichi
- Hekinan, Aichi
- Higashi-ku, Nagoya
- Higashiura, Aichi
- Higashiōsaka, Osaka
- Himeji, Hyōgo
- Hirakata, Osaka
- Hiratsuka, Kanagawa
- Hiroshi Tamaki
- Hiroshima
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Honbasho
- Hong Kong
- Honshu
- Hori River (Nagoya)
- Hoshizaki Electric
- Humidity
- Hōsa Library
- Ibaraki, Osaka
- Ichinomiya, Aichi
- Inazawa, Aichi
- Incheon
- Inuyama
- Inuyama, Aichi
- Ise Bay
- Ise Shrine
- Ise-wan Typhoon
- Isesaki, Gunma
- Istanbul
- Itabashi, Tokyo
- Italia Mura
- Italy
- Iwaki, Fukushima
- Iwakura, Aichi
- J-Air
- J. League
- Jakarta
- Japan
- Japan Series
- Japan Standard Time
- Japanese dialects
- Japanese festivals
- Japanese handicrafts
- Japanese language
- Japanese people
- Japanese pottery
- Jasmine You
- Jesuit
- Johannesburg
- Jong Tae-Se
- JTEKT
- Jōetsu, Niigata
- Kabuki
- Kagamigahara
- Kagoshima
- Kakogawa, Hyōgo
- Kamakura Shogunate
- Kanazawa, Ishikawa
- Kanie, Aichi
- Kansai dialect
- Kansai region
- Karachi
- Karakuri ningyo
- Karina Nose
- Kariya, Aichi
- Kasadera Kannon
- Kashiwa, Chiba
- Kasugai
- Kasugai, Aichi
- Kasukabe, Saitama
- Katsushika, Tokyo
- Katō Kiyomasa
- Kawagoe, Saitama
- Kawaguchi, Saitama
- Kawasaki, Kanagawa
- Kazuki Kato
- Kiichiro Toyoda
- Kinshasa
- Kintetsu
- Kishiwada, Osaka
- Kiso River
- Kiso Three Rivers
- Kita, Tokyo
- Kita-ku, Nagoya
- Kitakyushu
- Kitanagoya, Aichi
- Kiyoharu
- Kiyosu Castle
- Kiyosu, Aichi
- Kobe
- Koji Kondo
- Kolkata
- Komaki
- Komaki, Aichi
- Koshigaya, Saitama
- Koto, Tokyo
- Kuala Lumpur
- Kumagaya, Saitama
- Kumamoto
- Kurashiki, Okayama
- Kure, Hiroshima
- Kurume, Fukuoka
- Kusanagi
- Kyoto
- Kyushu
- Kyōgen
- Kōchi, Kōchi
- Kōfu, Yamanashi
- Kōnan, Aichi
- Kōriyama, Fukushima
- Kōshō-ji (Nagoya)
- Kōta, Aichi
- Lagos
- Lahore
- Leek
- Lexus
- Lilium
- Lima
- Los Angeles
- Lullatone
- Machine tool
- Maebashi, Gunma
- Maeda Toshiie
- Maeda Toshimasu
- Magna International
- Magome
- Mai Asada
- Mao Asada
- Marukawa
- Matsue, Shimane
- Matsumoto, Nagano
- Matsuyama, Ehime
- Meguro, Tokyo
- Meiji Mura
- Meiji Restoration
- Meijo University
- Meito-ku, Nagoya
- Meitō-ku, Nagoya
- Metro Manila
- Mexico
- Mexico City
- Midland Square
- Midori Ito
- Midori-ku, Nagoya
- Mie Prefecture
- Mihama, Aichi
- Mikawa Province
- Miki Ando
- Minami-ku, Nagoya
- Minamichita, Aichi
- Minamoto no Yoritomo
- Minato, Tokyo
- Minato-ku, Nagoya
- Miso
- Misono-za
- Mito, Ibaraki
- Mitsubishi
- Mitsubishi Motors
- Miyazaki, Miyazaki
- Miyoshi, Aichi
- Mizuho-ku, Nagoya
- Morioka, Iwate
- Moriyama-ku, Nagoya
- Moscow
- Mothra vs. Godzilla
- Mr. Baseball
- Mumbai
- Nabemono
- Nagakute, Aichi
- Nagano, Nagano
- Nagaoka, Niigata
- Nagasaki
- Nagoya
- Nagoya Airfield
- Nagoya Barbarians
- Nagoya Castle
- Nagoya City Archives
- Nagoya City Museum
- Nagoya dialect
- Nagoya Dome
- Nagoya Grampus
- Nagoya Marathon
- Nagoya Noh Theatre
- Nagoya Oceans
- Nagoya Port
- Nagoya Railroad
- Nagoya Station
- Nagoya Subway
- Nagoya TV Tower
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya, Batam
- Naha, Okinawa
- Naka-ku, Nagoya
- Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya
- Nakamura-ku, Nagoya
- Nakano, Tokyo
- Nanjing
- Nanjing Massacre
- Nanzan University
- Naoko Mori
- Nara, Nara
- National treasure
- Nerima, Tokyo
- New York City
- Neyagawa, Osaka
- NGK
- Niigata, Niigata
- Nippon Sharyo
- Nishi-ku, Nagoya
- Nishinomiya, Hyōgo
- Nishio, Aichi
- Nisshin, Aichi
- Niwa District, Aichi
- Niwa Nagahide
- Nobodyknows+
- Noh
- Noritake
- Noritake Garden
- Numazu, Shizuoka
- Nōbi Plain
- Oasis 21
- Oda Nobunaga
- Odawara, Kanagawa
- Oden
- Okayama
- Okazaki, Aichi
- Onigiri
- Opera
- Osaka
- Owari branch
- Owari Domain
- Owari province
- Owari Province
- Owariasahi, Aichi
- Pacific
- Paris
- Performing art
- Plateau
- Population
- Population density
- Portal Japan
- PPG Industries
- Pratt & Whitney
- Prefectures of Japan
- Rio de Janeiro
- Robot
- Robotics
- Rolling stock
- Ruhr
- Saga, Saga
- Sagamihara
- Saitama, Saitama
- Sakae, Nagoya
- Sakai, Osaka
- Sakichi Toyoda
- Sakuma Morimasa
- Sakuma Nobumori
- Santiago
- Sapporo
- Sasebo, Nagasaki
- Sashimi
- Sassa Narimasa
- Sasuke Toyoda
- Seamo
- Seaport
- Sendai
- Sengoku Period
- Seoul
- Setagaya, Tokyo
- Seto, Aichi
- Shachihoko
- Shanghai
- Shenzhen
- Shibata Katsuie
- Shibuya, Tokyo
- Shinagawa, Tokyo
- Shinjuku, Tokyo
- Shinkansen
- Shinshiro, Aichi
- Shitara, Aichi
- Shizuoka City
- Shizuoka Prefecture
- Shogun
- Shoin-zukuri
- Shonai FC
- Shōnai River
- Shōwa-ku, Nagoya
- Sister cities
- SKE48
- Sony
- Spark plug
- Spirit AeroSystems
- Spyair
- Suginami, Tokyo
- Suita, Osaka
- Sumida, Tokyo
- Sumo
- Sydney
- São Paulo
- Sōka
- Tahara, Aichi
- Taipei
- Taitō, Tokyo
- Taiyo Yakuhin Arena
- Tajimi, Gifu
- Takahama, Aichi
- Takamatsu, Kagawa
- Takarazuka, Hyōgo
- Takasaki, Gunma
- Takatsuki, Osaka
- Takayama, Gifu
- Taketoyo, Aichi
- Tehran
- Tempaku River
- Tempaku-ku, Nagoya
- Template Aichi
- Template talk Aichi
- Tempura
- Tetsujiro Haruta
- The Crowns
- The Tale of Genji
- Tianjin
- Time zone
- Tobishima, Aichi
- Tokoname, Aichi
- Tokorozawa, Saitama
- Tokugawa Art Museum
- Tokugawa clan
- Tokugawa Ieyasu
- Tokugawa Muneharu
- Tokushima, Tokushima
- Tokyo
- Tom Selleck
- Tonkatsu
- Toronto
- Toshima, Tokyo
- Tottori, Tottori
- Toyama, Toyama
- Toyoake, Aichi
- Toyohashi
- Toyohashi, Aichi
- Toyokawa, Aichi
- Toyonaka, Osaka
- Toyone, Aichi
- Toyota
- Toyota Boshoku
- Toyota Industries
- Toyota Stadium
- Toyota, Aichi
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Toyoyama, Aichi
- Tsu, Mie
- Tsukuba, Ibaraki
- Tsumago
- Tsushima, Aichi
- Turin
- Tōei, Aichi
- Tōgō, Aichi
- Tōkai region
- Tōkai, Aichi
- Tōkaidō (road)
- Tōkaidō Main Line
- Tōkaidō Shinkansen
- Udon
- Uirō
- Unadon
- Unagi
- United States
- UTC+9
- Utsunomiya, Tochigi
- Wakayama, Wakayama
- Wards of Japan
- Washi
- Wikisource
- Wikitravel
- World Expo 2005
- World War II
- WWII
- XXI Bomber Command
- Yakitori
- Yamagata, Yamagata
- Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi
- Yamato, Kanagawa
- Yao, Osaka
- Yatomi, Aichi
- Yoichi Wada
- Yokkaichi, Mie
- Yokohama
- Yokoi Yayū
- Yokosuka, Kanagawa
- Último Dragón
- Ōbu, Aichi
- Ōguchi, Aichi
- Ōharu, Aichi
- Ōita, Ōita
- Ōsu
- Ōsu Kannon
- Ōta, Gunma
- Ōta, Tokyo
- Ōtsu, Shiga
-
Aichi Arts Center
The Aichi Arts Center (愛知芸術文化センター, Aichi Geijutsu Bunka Senta?) is the main venue for the performing arts in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
The center consists of:
Oasis 21 is located right in front of the building.
The Aichi Art Center also hosts the fine arts exhibition Nitten.
Coordinates: 35°10′15″N 136°54′41″E / 35.170888°N 136.911364°E / 35.170888; 136.911364
wn.com/Aichi_Arts_Center -
Aichi Prefecture
Aichi Prefecture (愛知県, Aichi-ken?) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region. The region of Aichi is also known as the Tōkai region. The capital is Nagoya. It is the focus of the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area.
Originally, the region was divided into the two provinces of Owari and Mikawa. After the Meiji Restoration, Owari and Mikawa were united into a single entity. In 1871, after the abolition of the han system, Owari, with the exception of the Chita Peninsula, was established as Nagoya Prefecture, while Mikawa combined with the Chita Peninsula and formed Nukata Prefecture. Nagoya Prefecture was renamed to Aichi Prefecture in April 1872, and was united with Nukata Prefecture on November 27 of the same year.
The government of Aichi Prefecture is located in the Aichi Prefectural Government Office in Nagoya, which is the old capital of Owari.
The Expo 2005 World Exposition was held in Seto and Nagakute.
In the third volume of the Man'yōshū there is a poem by Takechi Kurohito 'The cry of the crane, calling to Sakurada; it sounds like the tide, draining from Ayuchi flats, hearing the crane cry'. Ayuchi is the original form of the name Aichi, and the Fujimae tidal flat is all that remains of the earlier Ayuchi-gata. It is now a protected area.
wn.com/Aichi_Prefecture -
Ama, Aichi
Ama (あま市, Ama-shi?) is a city located in western Aichi, Japan. On March 22, 2010 the former towns of Shippō, Miwa and Jimokuji from Ama District merged to form Ama. As of February 1, 2012, the city had a population of 86,708, with 34,092 households and a population density of 3140 persons per km². The total area was 27.59 km².
Ama is located in far western Aichi Prefecture.
Aichi Prefecture
Ama is part of former Owari Province, which formed the holdings of the Owari Tokugawa of Nagoya in the Edo period. During the Meiji period, the area was organized into villages under Ama District, Aichi Prefecture. From the Meiji period, the area was a center for Cloisonné production. Jimokuji was elevated to town status on October 1, 1933, Miwa in 1958 and Shippō in 1966. The three towns, plus the town of Ōharu began merger discussions in 2008; however, an agreement could not be made with Ōharu, which left the discussions later that year. The remaining three towns passed a referendum in 2009, and the new city of Ama was created on March 22, 2010.
wn.com/Ama,_Aichi -
Aomori, Aomori
Aomori (青森市, Aomori-shi?) is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, in the northern Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 2009, the city had an estimated population of 302,068 and a density of 366 persons per km². Its total area was 824.52 km².
Aomori literally means blue forest, although it could possibly be translated as "green forest". The name is generally considered to refer to a small forest on a hill which existed near the town. This forest was often used by fishermen as a landmark. A different theory suggests the name might have been derived from the Ainu language.
The area has been settled extensively since prehistoric times, and numerous Jōmon period sites have been found by archaeologists, the most famous being the Sannai-Maruyama Ruins located just southwest of the city center dating to 5500-4000 BC, and the Komakino site slightly further south dating to around 4000 BC. The large scale of these settlements revolutionized theories on Jōmon period civilization. During the Heian period, the area was part of the holdings of the Northern Fujiwara clan, but remained inhabited by the Emishi people well into the historic period. After the fall of the Northern Fujiwara in the Kamakura period, the territory was part of the domain assigned to the Nambu clan, and into the Sengoku period, it came under the control of the rival Tsugaru clan, whose main castle was located in Namioka. After the start of the Edo period, Aomori was a minor port settlement for Hirosaki Domain called Utō (善知鳥村, Utō-mura?). The town was rebuilt in 1626 by Moriyama Yashichirō, under orders of the daimyō, Tsugaru Nobuhira and renamed Aomori, but the name did not come into common use until after 1783.
wn.com/Aomori,_Aomori -
Arimatsu
Arimatsu (有松町, Arimatsu-chō?) was a town in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It houses the Arimatsu Station of the Meitetsu-Nagoya Line, about 11 km southeast of downtown Nagoya. The town merged into Nagoya on 1 December 1964 and is now a part of Midori-ku, Nagoya.
It is a historical center of shibori or tie-dyeing workmanship, since the seventeenth century, dating back to 1608.
Coordinates: 35°04′N 136°58′E / 35.067°N 136.967°E / 35.067; 136.967
wn.com/Arimatsu -
Atsuta Shrine
Atsuta Shrine (熱田神宮, Atsuta-jingū?) is a Shinto shrine traditionally believed to have been established during the reign of Emperor Keikō (71-130) located in Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture in Japan. The shrine is familiarly known as Atsuta-Sama (Venerable Atsuta) or simply as Miya (the Shrine). Since ancient times, it has been especially revered, ranking with the Great Shrine of Ise.
The 200,000 m² shrine complex draws over 9 million visitors annually.
The Kojiki explains that Atsuta Shrine was originally founded to house the Kusanagi no Tsurugi.
According to traditional sources, Yamato Takeru died in the 43rd year of Emperor Keiko's reign (景行天皇43年). The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home. Sometime later, these relics and the sacred sword were moved to the current location of the Atsuta Shrine.Nihonshoki explains that this move occurred in the 51st year of Keiko's reign, but shrine tradition also dates this event in the 1st year of Emperor Chūai's reign.
wn.com/Atsuta_Shrine -
Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
wn.com/Australia -
Baghdad
Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد, Baġdād, IPA: [bæɣˈdæːd]) is the capital of Republic of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Province. The population of Baghdad as of 2011 is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).
Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic World. This in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom) garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture.
wn.com/Baghdad -
Bandung
Bandung (pronounced [banˈduŋ]) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, the country's third largest city, and second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 meters (2,520 ft) above sea level, approximately 140 km south eastern of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler temperatures year-round than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.
The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the capital (180 km or 112 miles to the northwest). The Dutch inhabitants of the city demanded establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
wn.com/Bandung -
Bangalore
Bangalore /ˈbæŋɡəlɔər/, also rendered Bengaluru,[needs IPA] is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City for its gardens and parks and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. Bangalore is well known as a hub for India's information technology sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world.
A succession of South Indian dynasties ruled the region of Bangalore until in 1537 AD Kempe Gowda—a feudatory ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire—established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. Following transitory occupation by Maratha and Mughal, the city remained under the Mysore kingdom. Bangalore continued to be a cantonment of the British and a major city of the Princely State of Mysore which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. Following the independence of India in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore state, and later Karnataka.
wn.com/Bangalore -
Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital city of and largest urban area in Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced [krūŋ tʰêːp máhǎː nákʰɔ̄ːn] (
listen)) or simply Krung Thep ( listen), meaning "city of angels". Bangkok is by far the most densely populated city in Thailand with about 12 million people. Bangkok was a small trading post near the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century. It eventually grew in size and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782.
Because of its strategic location in Southeast Asia, Siam (later Thailand) acted as a buffer-zone between the French and British colonial empires. Bangkok itself has gained a reputation as an independent, dynamic and influential city. Bangkok is the political, social and economic centre of Thailand, and one of the leading cities in Southeast Asia.
Due to the 1980s and 1990s Asian investment boom, many multinational corporations make their regional headquarters in Bangkok and the city is a regional force in finance and business. Its increasing influence on global politics, culture, fashion and entertainment underlines its status as an Alpha global city. In 2009, it was the second most expensive city in South-East Asia behind Singapore. The city's many cultural landmarks and attractions in addition to its nightlife venues has made it synonymous with exoticism. Its rapid modernization, reflected in the cityscape and the urban society, has left untouched the historic Grand Palace, Wat Arun, Vimanmek Palace Complex and hundreds of Buddhist temples draw about 10 million international visitors each year, second only to London.
wn.com/Bangkok -
Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
wn.com/Beijing -
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital (Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] ( listen)), from 1991 to 2000 called Santafé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district and no longer belongs administratively to that department. Bogotá is the most populous city in the country, with 7.363.782 inhabitants as of 2010. Bogotá and its metropolitan area, which includes municipalities such as Chía, Cota, Soacha, Cajicá and La Calera, had a population of 7,881,156 in 2005.
In terms of land area, Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia, and one of the biggest of Latin America. It figures amongst the thirty largest cities of the world and it is the third-highest capital city in South America (after La Paz and Quito) at 2,625 metres (8,612 ft) above sea level. With its many universities and libraries, Bogotá has become known as "The Athens of South America". Bogotá owns the largest moorland of the world, which is located in the Sumapaz Locality. The city ranked 54th in the 2010 Global Cities Index and is listed as global city of the Beta+ kind by the GaWC.
wn.com/Bogotá -
Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
wn.com/Cairo -
Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
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Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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Chigasaki, Kanagawa
Chigasaki (茅ヶ崎市, Chigasaki-shi?) is a city located in central, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 234,400 and a density of 6,540 persons per km². The total area is 35.71 km².
Chigasaki is located on the eastern bank of the Sagami River in south-central Kanagawa Prefecture, facing Sagami Bay on the Pacific Ocean to the south.
The area around Chigasaki has been inhabited since prehistoric times. The area was largely pasture and farmland well into the Edo period. The Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto passed through what is now Chigasaki, but without a post station. The area was part of the tenryō territory in Sagami Province controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate through the Edo period.
After the start of the Meiji period, the Tōkaidō Main Line railway connected Chigasaki Station with Tokyo and Osaka in 1898, which spurred the development of the area. Chigasaki village in Kōza District, Kanagawa Prefecture became Chigasaki town in 1908. In 1921, the Sagami Line railway connected Chigaskai with Hashimoto to the north. Chigasaki became a city on October 1, 1947.
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China
China (
i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Chita, Aichi
Chita (知多市, Chita-shi ?) is a city located in Chita District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 2011, the town had an estimated population of 84,598 and a population density of 1850 persons per km². The total area was 45.76 km².
Chita is located in northwestern Chita Peninsula in southern Aichi Prefecture, and is bordered by Ise Bay to the east.
The town of Chita was established on April 1, 1955 by the merger of the former towns of Okada, Asahi and Yawata. Chita was elevated to city status on September 1, 1970.
Chita has a strong industrial base along its coastline, with electrical power plants, chemical and petrochemical plants and refineries predominating. The interior remains agricultural, with crops including Petasites japonicus and onions, although most agriculture is dependent on irrigation.
Media related to Chita, Aichi at Wikimedia Commons
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Chukyo University
Chukyo University (中京大学, Chūkyō Daigaku?) is a private university in Aichi, Japan, with campuses in Nagoya and Toyota.
Media related to Chukyo University at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 35°08′18″N 136°57′55″E / 35.138252°N 136.965351°E / 35.138252; 136.965351
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Chūbu region
The Chūbu region (中部地方, Chūbu-chihō?) is the central region of Honshū, Japan's main island. Chūbu has a population of 21,715,822 as of 2010.
Chūbu, which means "central region", encompasses nine prefectures (ken): Aichi, Fukui, Gifu, Ishikawa, Nagano, Niigata, Shizuoka, Toyama, Yamanashi, and often Mie.
It is located directly between the Kantō region and the Kansai region and includes the major city of Nagoya as well as long Pacific and Sea of Japan coastlines, extensive mountain resorts, and Mount Fuji.
The region is the widest part of Honshū and the central part is characterized by high, rugged mountains. The Japanese Alps divide the country into the Pacific side, known as the front of Japan, or Omote-Nihon (表日本?) sunny in winter, and the Sea of Japan side, or Ura-Nihon (裏日本?), the back of Japan, snowy in winter.
The Chūbu region covers a large and geographically diverse area of Honshū which leads to it generally being divided into three distinct subregions: Tōkai, Kōshin'etsu, and Hokuriku.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Detroit, Michigan
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Dhaka
Dhaka (Bengali: ঢাকা, pronounced IPA: [ˈɖʱaka]; formerly spelled Dacca, named Jahangirnagar during Mughal era) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. It is located on the banks of the Buriganga River. Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 16 million in 2011, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. It is the 9th largest city in the world and also 28th among the most densely populated cities in the world. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and with 400,000 cycle rickshaws running on its streets every day, the city is also described as the Rickshaw Capital of the World.
Under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the city was known as Jahangir Nagar. It was a provincial capital and a centre of the worldwide muslin trade. The modern city, however, was developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century, and became the second-largest city in Bengal after Calcutta (presently Kolkata). After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam but lost its status as a provincial capital again after the partition was annulled in 1911. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread turmoil; this included many impositions of martial law, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence, military suppression, devastation during war, and natural calamities.
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Dongguan
Dongguan (simplified Chinese: 东莞; traditional Chinese: 東莞; pinyin: Dōngguǎn, Mandarin pronunciation: [tʊ́ŋkwàn]; Cantonese: Dung1 gun2; Postal Map Spelling: Tungkuan) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
An important industrial city located in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west.
It is also home to the world's largest, though mostly empty, shopping mall, New South China Mall. City administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment. The three neighboring municipalities of Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen are home to over 25 million residents, accounting for a large proportion of the Pearl River Delta Region's population.
Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities, with $65.54bn in shipment.
Dongguan has no intermediate county level; instead it is divided into:
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East Rand
Coordinates: 26°10′38″S 28°13′19″E / 26.17722°S 28.22194°E / -26.17722; 28.22194
The East Rand (known in Afrikaans as the Oos-Rand) is the name of the urban eastern part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg.
The large black townships of the East Rand were the scene of heavy clashes between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party before the end of Apartheid.
The region extends from Germiston in the west to Springs in the east, and south down to Nigel, and includes the towns of Boksburg, Benoni, Brakpan, Kempton Park, Edenvale, and Bedfordview.
As part of the restructuring of municipalities in South Africa at the time, the local governments of the East Rand were merged into a single municipality in 1999, called the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, meaning "place of peace."
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Edo
Edo (江戸, Edo?, literally "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo. It was seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world and home to an urban culture centered on the notion of a "floating world".
From the establishment of the Tokugawa bakufu's headquarters at Edo, although Kyoto remained the formal capital of the country the de facto capital was now Edo; it was the center of political power. Edo grew from what had been a small, little-known fishing village in 1457 to a metropolis with an estimated population of 1,000,000 by 1721 (the largest city in the world at the time).
Edo was repeatedly devastated by fires, with the Great Fire of Meireki in 1657 (in which an estimated 100,000 people died) the most disastrous. During the Edo period there were about 100 fires (most begun by accident, often quickly escalating and spreading through neighbourhoods of wooden machiya which were heated with charcoal fires. Between 1600 and 1945, Edo/Tokyo was leveled every 25–50 years or so by fire, earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions or war.
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Foshan
Foshan (Chinese: 佛山; pinyin: Fóshān, pronounced [fwɔ̌ ʂán]), is a city in central Guangdong province in southern China. The prefectural area under the city's jurisdiction over an area of about 3,840 km² and a population of 5.4 million of which 1.1 million reside in the city proper (year 2000 figures).
It is shown on some older maps as 'Fatshan', which is a phonetic spelling of the city's Cantonese name. Today many areas of Foshan city are occupied mostly by Chinese migrants coming from different provinces of China and speak only Mandarin, while its native dialect is a Foshan variant of Cantonese.
The town of Foshan is many centuries old, and was famous for its porcelain industry. Now, the third largest city in Guangdong, it has become relatively affluent compared to other Chinese cities, and is home to many large private enterprises. Foshan has recently seen a transformation brought by China's booming economy. Foshan is also famous for its martial arts. It contains numerous Wing Chun schools where many come to train and spar.
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Fukuoka
Fukuoka (福岡市, Fukuoka-shi?) is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyushu in Japan.
Ranked as the 14th of the world's most livable cities in the magazine Monocle in 2010, Fukuoka was praised for its green spaces in a metropolitan setting. It is the most populous city in Kyushu, followed by Kitakyushu. It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin. The city was designated on April 1, 1972 by government ordinance. Greater Fukuoka (福岡都市圏), with 2.5 million people (2005 census), is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka-Kitakyushu zone, as well as Northern Kyushu.
As of June 2011, Fukuoka is Japan's 7th largest city, having passed the population of Kyoto, and the first time a city west of the Kinki region has a larger population since Kyoto was established in the 7th century. However, in ancient times, the area near Fukuoka was thought to be perhaps even more influential than the Yamato region.
Fukuoka (the area of Kashii, Hakata, Sawara and Imazu) is said to be the oldest city in Japan, because it is the nearest city to China and Korea[citation needed]. The area around Fukuoka is among the oldest non-Jōmon settlements in Japan[citation needed]. Dazaifu was an administrative capital in 663 A.D., but a historian proposed that a prehistoric capital was in the area. Ancient texts, such as the Kojiki, and archaeology confirm this was a very critical place in the founding of Japan. Some scholars even go as far as to claim it was the first place outsiders and the Imperial Family set foot, but like many early Japan origin theories, it remains contested. See History of Japan. Fukuoka is sometimes still referred to as Hakata, the central ward of the city.
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Fukushima, Fukushima
Fukushima (福島市, Fukushima-shi?, [ɸu͍̥ku͍ꜜɕima]) is the capital city of Fukushima Prefecture in the Tōhoku Region of Japan. As of May 2011 the city has an estimated population of 290,064 and an area of 746.43 km².
It lies about 250 km north of Tokyo and 80 km south of Sendai.
Fukushima was once called "Shinobu-no-sato," the village of Shinobu. In the 12th century Suginome Taro built Suginome Castle and the village began to develop as a castle town surrounding Fukushima Castle. During the Edo period, Fukushima began to grow prosperous from the production of silk and horses and its name became well-known even in Kyoto. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 a prefectural office was established in Fukushima and the Bank of Japan established an office in the city. This was the first national bank in the Tōhoku Region. The city was founded on April 1, 1907. On July 1, 2008, the town of Iino, from Date District, was annexed by the city of Fukushima.
The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami caused ruptures in multiple water mains originating from the city's water supply, the Surikamigawa Dam, resulting in the majority of the city losing access to running water. Train services were stopped due to damage caused to railway infrastructure.
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Funabashi, Chiba
Funabashi (船橋市, Funabashi-shi?) is a city located in northwestern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of February 2011, the city had an estimated population of 609,157 and a population density of 7110 persons per km². The total area was 85.64 km². It is the 7th most populous city in Greater Tokyo.
Funabashi is located in northwestern Chiba Prefecture and makes up one part of the Shimōsa Plain. The city sits 20-30 meters above sea level, and is relatively flat. Funabashi is crossed by the Tone River, and the small Ebi River is located entirely within city limits. Funabashi formerly had wide, shallow beaches, but much of the coast has been industrialized and transformed by reclaimed land.
The name “Funabashi” is mentioned in the Kamakura period chronicle Azuma Kagami. However, the name itself is even more ancient, dating from before the Nara period and the Yamatotakeru mythology. Archaeologists have found stone tools from the Japanese Paleolithic period and shell middens from the Jomon period in the area, indicating continuous inhabitation for thousands of years. A number of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in the area claim to have been founded in the Nara period or Heian period. During the Muromachi periods, the area was controlled by the Chiba clan. During the Sengoku period, the Chiba clan fought the Satomi clan to the south, and the Late Hojo clan to the west. After the defeat of the Chiba clan, the area came within the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
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Greater Buenos Aires
Greater Buenos Aires (Gran Buenos Aires, GBA, in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the urban agglomeration comprising the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the conurbation around it, over the province of Buenos Aires—namely the adjacent 24 partidos or municipalities—which nonetheless do not constitute a single administrative unit. The conurbation spreads to the south, west and north of Buenos Aires; to the east the River Plate serves as a natural boundary.
Urban sprawl, especially between 1945 and 1980, created a vast conurbation of 9,910,282 inhabitants in the 24 conurbated partidos, as of 2010, and a total of 12,801,365 including the City of Buenos Aires, a third of the total population of Argentina.
The term "Greater Buenos Aires" is related with other expressions not necessarily well-defined: the "Buenos Aires' conurbation" (Conurbano Bonaerense), the "Greater Buenos Aires Agglomeration" (Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires), and the "Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires" (Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires, AMBA).
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Greater Nagoya
Chūkyō (中京圏, Chūkyō-ken?), sometimes called the Chūkyō region (中京地方 Chūkyō-chihō), is the name of a major metropolitan area in Japan that is centered on the city of Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture. The area makes up the most urban part of the Tōkai region. The population (as of 2000) of 8,739,000 over an area of 6,380 square kilometers.
It is among the 50 most populous metropolitan areas in the world and is Japan's third most populous metropolitan area after the Greater Tokyo Area and Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto, containing roughly 7% of Japan's population. Historically, this region has taken a back seat to the other two power centers, both politically and economically; however, its economic importance has been growing steadily, and its GDP per capita is among the highest in Japan.
The metropolitan area stretches beyond the central city of Nagoya to other municipalities in Aichi Prefecture, as well as neighboring Gifu and Mie prefectures.
There are at least 38 passenger train lines in the Greater Nagoya area. JR runs 6, Nagoya Subway 7, Meitetsu 18, Kintetsu 4, and other 5 operators one each.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hakodate, Hokkaidō
Hakodate (函館市, Hakodate-shi?) is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture.
Hakodate was Japan's first city whose port was opened to foreign trade in 1854 as a result of Convention of Kanagawa, and used to be the most important port in northern Japan. Also, the city had been the biggest city in Hokkaido before the Great Hakodate Fire of 1934.
As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households and a population density of 412.83 persons per km². The total area is 677.77 km². The city is now the third biggest in Hokkaido after Sapporo and Asahikawa.
Hakodate was founded in 1454, when Kono Kaganokami Masamichi constructed a large manor house in the Ainu fishing village of Usukeshi (the word for bay in Ainu).
After his death, Masamichi's son, Kono Suemichi, and family were driven out of Hakodate into nearby Kameda during Ainu rebellion in 1512 and little history was recorded for the area during the next 100 years. There was constant low level conflict in the Oshima peninsula at the time with the Ainu as armed merchants like the Kono family established bases to control trade in the region. This conflict culminated in an uprising from 1669 to 1672, led by Ainu warrior Shakushain after which the Ainu in the region were suppressed.
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Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton ( /ˈhæməltən/; 2011 population 519,949; UA population 670,580; CMA population 721,053) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower-tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth with the upper-tier regional government. Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians. Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.
Hamilton is home to the shared Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the Bruce Trail, McMaster University and Mohawk College. The Canadian Football Hall of Fame can be found downtown right beside Hamilton City Hall and across town to the east, the Canadian Football League's Hamilton Tiger-Cats play at Ivor Wynne Stadium.
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Hiroshima
Hiroshima (広島市, Hiroshima-shi?) ( listen (help·info)) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It is best known as the first city in history to be destroyed by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 A.M. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II. Its name 広島 means "Wide Island".
Hiroshima gained city status on April 1, 1889. On April 1, 1980, Hiroshima became a designated city. The city's current mayor since April 2011 is Kazumi Matsui.
Hiroshima was founded on the river delta coastline of the Seto Inland Sea in 1589 by the powerful warlord Mōri Terumoto, who made it his capital after leaving Koriyama Castle in Aki Province.Hiroshima Castle was quickly built, and Terumoto moved in, in 1593. Terumoto was on the losing side at the Battle of Sekigahara. The winner, Tokugawa Ieyasu, deprived Mori Terumoto of most of his fiefs including Hiroshima and gave Aki province to Masanori Fukushima, a daimyo who had supported Tokugawa.
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Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; listen), formerly named Saigon (Sài Gòn; listen) is the largest city in Vietnam. It was once known as Prey Nokor, an important Khmer sea port prior to annexation by the Vietnamese in the 17th century.
Under the name Saigon, it was the capital of the French colony of Cochin-china and later of the independent state of South Vietnam from 1955–75. South Vietnam, as an anti-communist state, fought against the communist North Vietnamese and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War, with aid from the United States of America and countries including Australia, New Zealand and South Korea. Saigon fell when it was captured by the communists on 30 April 1975, bringing an end to the War with its enemy's victory. Vietnam was then turned into a communist state with the South overtaken. On 2 July 1976, Saigon merged with the surrounding Gia Định Province and was officially renamed Ho Chi Minh City after Hồ Chí Minh (although the name Sài Gòn is still commonly used.)
The city center is situated on the banks of the Saigon River, 60 kilometers (37 mi) from the South China Sea and 1,760 kilometers (1,090 mi) south of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Honshu
Honshu (本州, Honshū?, literally "Main Province") ([hoɴɕuː] ( listen)) is the largest island of Japan. The nation's main island, it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait. It is the seventh largest island in the world, and the second most populous after Java in Indonesia.
It has a population of 103 million in 2005, (98,352,000 as of 1990; in 1975 it was 89,101,702), mostly concentrated in the available lowlands, notably in the Kantō plain where 25% of the total population reside in the Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and Yokohama, Kawasaki, Saitama and Chiba cities. Most of the nation's industry is located along the belt running from Tokyo along Honshu's southern coastal cities, including Kyoto, Osaka, Nagoya, Kobe, and Hiroshima, part of the Taiheiyo Belt.
The economy along the northwestern coast by the Sea of Japan is largely fishing and agriculture;Niigata is noted as an important producer of rice. The Kantō and Nōbi plains produce rice and vegetables. Yamanashi is a major fruit-growing area, and Aomori is famous for its apples.
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Incheon
Coordinates: 37°29′N 126°38′E / 37.483°N 126.633°E / 37.483; 126.633
The Incheon Metropolitan City (인천, 仁川, literally 'wise river' - formerly Inchon; named Jinsen during the time of Japanese rule) is located in northwestern South Korea. The city was home to just 4,700 people when Jemulpo port was built in 1883. Today 2.76 million people live in the city, making it Korea’s third most populous city after Seoul and Busan Metropolitan City. While people have inhabited the area from the New Stone Age, the city’s growth was assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city.
Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, issuing in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea’s first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Italia Mura
Italia Mura (イタリア村) was a mall located near the port of Nagoya, Japan. Its main attractions were a reproduction of one of Venice's canals and the San Marco Square along with its cafés and orchestra. The "Mercatore" shop was an Italian food superstore which only sold products imported from Italy. Other stores had included: Italian fashion clothes shops, gift shops, restaurants and bars. On May 7, 2008, Italian Mura was closed due to financial difficulties, as the management claimed.
Coordinates: 35°05′24″N 136°53′04″E / 35.09°N 136.88444°E / 35.09; 136.88444
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Jakarta
Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑrtə/), officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 10,187,595 as of November 2011, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabekjur, is the second largest in the world, yet the city's suburbs still continue beyond it. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. and has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi)
Based on Brooking Institute survey about growth, in 2011 Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a significant jumps from 2007 when Jakarta ranked 171st. Jakarta has seen more rapid growth than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Johannesburg
Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜrɡ/; Afrikaans: [joˈhɑnəsbʏrx]) also known as Jozi, Jo'burg or eGoli, is the largest city in South Africa, by population. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa. The city is one of the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline. It claims to be the lightning capital of the world, though this title is also claimed by others.
While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, which has the final word on interpretation of South Africa's new post-Apartheid constitution. The city is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills. Johannesburg is served by O.R. Tambo International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa and a gateway for international air travel to and from the rest of Southern Africa. More recently Lanseria International Airport has started international flights, and is situated conveniently on the opposite side of the metropolis.
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Kagoshima
Kagoshima (鹿児島市, Kagoshima-shi?) is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the island of Kyushu in Japan, and the largest city in the prefecture by some margin. It has been nicknamed the "Naples of the Eastern world" for its bay location (Aira Caldera), hot climate, and impressive stratovolcano, Sakurajima.
As of 1 January 2010, the city had an estimated population of 605,855 and a density of 1,107.49 persons per km². The total area is 546.71 km². In 2003, the city had an estimated population of only 554,136 and density of 1,911.41 persons per km². The total area was 289.91 km².
The city's total area nearly doubled between 2003 and 2005 as a result of five towns—the towns of Kōriyama and Matsumoto, both from Hioki District, the town of Kiire, from Ibusuki District, and the towns of Sakurajima and Yoshida, both from Kagoshima District—merging into Kagoshima on November 1, 2004.
Kagoshima is approximately 40 minutes from Kagoshima Airport, and the city features large shopping districts and malls, is served by trams, and has many restaurants featuring Satsuma Province regional cuisine: kibi (a kind of tiny fish), tonkatsu (caramelized pork, as opposed to the breaded version encountered elsewhere in Japan), smoked eel, and karukan (sweet cakes made from steamed yams and rice flour). A large, modern aquarium has been installed on the old docks overlooking the volcano. The Sengan-en (Isoteien) Japanese garden is just outside the city.
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Kanie, Aichi
Kanie (蟹江町, Kanie-chō?) is a town located in Ama District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 2012, the town had an estimated population of 36,614 and a population density of 3300 persons per km². The total area was 11.10 km².
Kanie is located in the southwest Aichi Prefecture.
Kanie Town was established in 1889. In October 2003, Kanie participated in discussions with regards to a possible merge with neighboring town of Yatomi and village of Jūshiyama. However, negotiations failed in 2004 and Kanie decided to remain as an independent municipality.
The origin of the town's name comes from the once-plentiful crab (蟹, kani?) population.
Junior high school
Elementary school
Media related to Kanie, Aichi at Wikimedia Commons
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Kashiwa, Chiba
Kashiwa (柏市, Kashiwa-shi?) is a city located in northern Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of February 2011, the city had an estimated population of 404,820 and a population density of 3520 persons per km². The total area was 114.90 km².
Kashiwa is located in the far northwestern corner of Chiba Prefecture.
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Kinshasa
Kinshasa (formerly French Léopoldville, and Dutch Leopoldstad (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River.
Once a site of fishing villages, Kinshasa is now an urban area with a population of nearly 10 million inhabitants. It faces the capital of the neighbouring Republic of Congo, Brazzaville which can be seen in the distance across the wide Congo River. Because the administrative boundaries cover such a vast area, over 60% of the city's land is rural in nature, and the urban area only occupies a small section in the far western end of the province.
Kinshasa holds the status of the second largest city in Africa, after Cairo.
Residents of Kinshasa are known as Kinois (in French and sometimes in English) or Kinshasans (English).
The city was founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881 and named Léopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of Belgium, who controlled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, not as a colony but as a private property. The post flourished as the first navigable port on the Congo River above Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids over 300 kilometres (190 mi) below Leopoldville. At first, all goods arriving by sea or being sent by sea had to be carried by porters between Léopoldville and Matadi, the port below the rapids and 150 km (93 mi) from the coast. The completion of the Matadi-Kinshasa portage railway in 1898 provided a faster and more efficient alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the town of Boma in the Congo estuary.
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Kiyosu Castle
Kiyosu Castle (清洲城, Kiyosu-jō?) is a Japanese castle located in Kiyosu, eastern Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is noted for its association with the rise to power of the Sengoku period warlord, Oda Nobunaga The kanji in the name of the castle was written as 清須城 . The current partial reconstruction dates to 1989 and was built as a centennial celebration for the modern-day city of Kiyosu.
Kiyosu Castle was built between 1394 and 1427, to guard the strategic junction of the Ise Kaidō with the Nakasendō highways connecting Kyoto with Kamakura. The area was dominated by Shiba Yoshishige, then head of the Shiba clan and the shugo (governor) of Owari, Echizen and Tōtōmi Provinces.
Upon completion of construction, Oda Toshisada was installed in the castle as the shugodai (vice-governor of the province). It is thought to have been intended as a defensive stronghold meant to protect Orizu Castle, the seat of Owari's provincial government until its destruction during battle in 1478 during a civil war between various factions of the Oda clan. After the loss of Orizu Castle, Oda Nobuhide shifted his seat to Kiyosu, bringing prosperity to the city, from which he ruled the four counties of lower Owari Province.
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Kiyosu, Aichi
Kiyosu (清須市, Kiyosu-shi?) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 2012, the city has an estimated population of 65,680 and a population density of 3790 persons per km². The total area is 17.32 km².
Kiyosu is located in far western Aichi Prefecture.
Kiyosu was the location of a post town (Kiyosu-juku) on the junction of the Nakasendō and the Minoji connecting Kamakura with Kyoto and the Ise Shrine during the Kamakura period. In the Muromachi period, the area was fortified with the construction of Kiyosu Castle, which subsequently became a stronghold of the Oda clan and the base from which Oda Nobunaga consolidated his control over Owari Province during the Sengoku period. After the start of the Edo period, Kiyosu Castle was dismantled by order of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and most of the population relocated to Nagoya. By the start of the Meiji period, the area was a rural area organized into Nishikasugai District of Aichi Prefecture. The town of Kiyosu was proclaimed on August 1, 1889. On July 7, 2005 Kiyosu merged with the towns of Shinkawa and Nishibiwajima to form the new city of Kiyosu. On October 1, 2009 the neighboring town of Haruhi, from Nishikasugai District merged into Kiyosu.
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Kobe
Kobe (神戸市, Kōbe-shi?, Japanese pronunciation: [koːbe]), is the fifth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, approximately 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population of about 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin (Keihanshin) metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.
The earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201. For most of its history the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa Period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889. Its name comes from "kanbe" (神戸?), an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine. Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.
Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake diminished much of Kobe's prominence as a port city, it remains Japan's fourth busiest container port. Companies headquartered in Kobe include ASICS, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kobe Steel, as well as over 100 international corporations with Asia or Japan headquarters in the city such as Procter & Gamble, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Nestlé. The city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef as well as the site of one of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen.
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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
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Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the federal capital and most populous city in Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2012.Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in terms of population and economy.
Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remains in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. Rated as an alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur was ranked 48th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index and was ranked 67th among global cities for economic and social innovation by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index in 2010.
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Kyoto
Kyoto (京都市, Kyōto-shi?, "Capital City") (Japanese pronunciation: [kʲoːto] ( listen)) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD, around which time the Shimogamo Shrine is believed to have been established. During the 8th century, when powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashiro Province, for this honor.
The new city, Heian-kyō (平安京, "tranquility and peace capital"), a scaled replica of the then Tang capital Chang'an, became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Although military rulers established their governments either in Kyoto (Muromachi shogunate) or in other cities such as Kamakura (Kamakura shogunate) and Edo (Tokugawa shogunate), Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the imperial court to Tokyo in 1869 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.)
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Kyushu
Kyushu (九州, Kyūshū?, lit. "Nine Provinces") is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. Its alternate ancient names include Kyūkoku (九国?, "Nine States"), Chinzei (鎮西?, "West of the Pacified Area"), and Tsukushi-no-shima (筑紫島?, "Island of Tsukushi"). The historical regional name is Saikaidō (西海道?, lit. West Sea Circuit) referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands.
In the 8th century Taihō Code reforms, Dazaifu was established as a special administrative term for the region.
As of 2006, Kyushu has a population of 13,231,995 and covers 35,640 square kilometres (13,760 sq mi).
The island is mountainous, and Japan's most active volcano, Mt Aso at 1,591 metres (5,220 ft), is on Kyushu. There are many other signs of tectonic activity, including numerous areas of hot springs. The most famous of these are in Beppu, on the east shore, and around Mt. Aso, in central Kyushu.
The name Kyūshū comes from the nine ancient provinces of Saikaidō situated on the island: Chikuzen, Chikugo, Hizen, Higo, Buzen, Bungo, Hyūga, Osumi, and Satsuma.
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Lagos
Lagos (/ˈleɪɡɒs/ LAY-gos) is a port city and the most populous city in Nigeria. Officially, the population of Lagos was last recorded at 7,937,932. Lagos is the second fastest growing city in Africa and the 7th fastest in the world. Lagos was originally inhabited by the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba people. Under the leadership of their Olofin, the Awori moved to an island now called Iddo and then to the larger Lagos Island. In the 15th century, the Awori settlement was attacked by the Benin Empire following a quarrel, and the island became a Benin war-camp called "Eko" under Oba Orhogba, the Oba of Benin at the time.
Lagos is a huge metropolis which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon whilst protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja and Agege, now reaches more than 40 km north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.
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Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
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Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population approaching 9 million, Lima is the fifth largest city in Latin America, behind Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. Lima is home to one of the largest financial hubs in Latin America. It has been defined as a beta world city by GaWC international ranking.
Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as la Ciudad de los Reyes, or "the City of Kings". It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru. Today, around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area.
Lima is home to one of the oldest higher learning institutions in the New World. The National University of San Marcos, founded on May 12, 1551 during Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Magome
Magome-juku (馬籠宿, Magome-juku?) was the forty-third of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō, an ancient road that connected Kyoto and Edo during the Edo period. It was also the last of eleven stations along the Kisoji, which was the precursor to a part of the Nakasendō, running through the Kiso Valley. This well-preserved section of the old route is in the present-day city of Nakatsugawa, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.
As a post town, it was relatively prosperous and cosmopolitan, with a currency-based economy. It fell into obscurity and poverty, however, after the completion of the Chūō Main Line railway, which did not pass through Magome. In recent decades, it has been restored to its appearance as an Edo period post town and is now a popular tourist destination.
The central feature of Magome is its restored row of houses along the former post road, which runs at a slope between the town's low and high ends. Most were built for common people in the mid-18th century, with shops and inns for travelers along the Nakasendō. A quiet portion of the original highway has been preserved between Magome-juku and Tsumago-juku, the next post town, which was also restored. It provides for a pleasant walk through forests and past waterfalls. Bus service is also provided between the two post towns, allowing visitors to easily start at either end of the path.
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Matsumoto, Nagano
Matsumoto (松本市, Matsumoto-shi?) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Matsumoto is designated as a Special City.
The new city of Matsumoto is the city comprising the mergers of the old city of Matsumoto and four villages. Matsumoto officially absorbed those villages without creating a new municipal organization.
Matsumoto is surrounded by mountains and is acclaimed for its beautiful views. Hiking and climbing locations in the mountains are readily accessible by local bus transportation. Matsumoto has several historic features, such as Matsumoto Castle (松本城, Matsumoto-jō?), Kaichi School Museum (Kaichi gakkō), and Temari (traditional Japanese handball).
Matsumoto is attractive to travellers not only because of the traditional culture but also its calm climate and its products. Matsumoto soba is famous and many are delighted by its delicate taste. Just north of Matsumoto is the world's largest wasabi farm. Wasabi can only be grown in extremely clean water so there is much local pride in this product. In addition, Matsumoto is home to the Saito Kinen Festival Matsumoto, held every August by conductor Seiji Ozawa and featuring the Saito Kinen Orchestra; regular guests have included Robert Mann and Mstislav Rostropovich. It is very difficult to get tickets: Many people wait in line two days before tickets go on sale.
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Meiji Mura
Meiji Mura (博物館明治村, Hakubutsukan Meiji-mura?, lit: "Meiji village" museum) is an open-air architectural museum/theme park in Inuyama, near Nagoya in Aichi prefecture, Japan. It was opened on March 18, 1965. The museum preserves historic buildings from Japan's Meiji (1867–1912), Taisho (1912–1926), and early Shōwa (1926–1989) periods. Over 60 historical buildings have been moved and reconstructed onto 1 square kilometre (250 acres) of rolling hills alongside Lake Iruka. The most noteworthy building there is the reconstructed main entrance and lobby of Frank Lloyd Wright's landmark Imperial Hotel, which originally stood in Tokyo from 1923 to 1967, when the main structure was demolished to make way for a new, larger version of the hotel.
The Meiji era was a period of rapid change in Japan. After centuries of isolation, Japan began to incorporate ideas from the west, including building styles and construction techniques. Meiji Mura's goal is to preserve these historic early examples of western architecture mixed with Japanese construction techniques and materials. Incidentally, many of the buildings were saved from demolition during the post World War II period, another time of transition and rapid progress in Japanese history.
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Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan), the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities, namely City of Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, Parañaque, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, plus the smaller Municipality of Pateros.
The region is the political, economic, social, cultural, and educational center of the Philippines. As proclaimed by Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines' seat of government but the City of Manila is the capital. The largest city in the metropolis is Quezon City, while the largest business district is the Makati Central Business District.
Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 11,855,975, comprising 13% of the national population. The sum total population of provinces with a provincial density above 700 people per square kilometer (more than double the national average) in a contiguous zone with Metro Manila is 25.5 million people as of the 2007 census, one way to refer to the conurbation around Metro Manila is Greater Manila.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
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Mikawa Province
Mikawa Province (三河国, Mikawa no kuni?) in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Its abbreviated form name was Sanshū (三州 or 参州?). Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.
Mikawa is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō. Under the Engishiki classification system, Mikawa was ranked as a “superior country” (上国) and a “near country” (近国).
Mikawa is mentioned in records of the Taika Reform dated 645, as well as various Nara period chronicles, including the Kujiki, although the area has been settled since at least the Japanese Paleolithic period, as evidenced by numerous remains found by archaeologists. Early records mention a “Nishi-Mikawa no kuni” and a “Higashi-Mikawa no kuni”, also known as Ho Province (穂国, Ho no kuni?). Although considered one administrative unit under the Engishiki classification system, this division (roughly based at the Yasaku River) persisted informally into the Edo period. The exact location of the provincial capital is not known. Traditionally considered to have been located in the Ko-machi (国府町?) area of the modern city of Toyokawa because of the place name, archaeological investigations at the Hakuho-machi area of Toyota from 1991-1997 have revealed extensive ruins and ceramic shards indicating the possibility that the provincial capital was located there. Furthermore, the ruins of the Kokubun-ji of Mikawa Province was located in 1999 a short distance away from the Toyota site. On the other hand, the Ichinomiya of the province, Toga jinja is located in what is now part of Toyokawa, as well as a temple which claims to be a successor to the original provincial temple.
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Moscow
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] (
listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Nagasaki
Nagasaki (長崎市, Nagasaki-shi?) ( listen (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu in Japan. Nagasaki was founded by the Portuguese in the second half of the 16th century on the site of a small fishing village, formerly part of Nishisonogi District. It became a center of Portuguese and other European peoples' influence in the 16th through 19th centuries, and the Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki have been proposed for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Part of Nagasaki was home to a major Imperial Japanese Navy base during the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War. Its name means "long cape".
During World War II, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack.
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Nagoya
Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi?) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. (Tokyo is not a single incorporated city - see Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.)
Located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area has 8.74 million people, of which 2.27 million live in the city of Nagoya.
The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible etymology for the city's name is the adjective なごやか (nagoyaka), meaning 'peaceful'. [2]
The name Chūkyō (中京) is also used (chū (middle) + kyō (capital)), since it is the main city of the central Chūbu region. Various things are named after Chūkyō, for example the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.
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Nagoya Castle
Nagoya Castle (名古屋城, Nagoya-jō?) is a Japanese castle located in Nagoya, central Japan. During the Edo period, Nagoya Castle was the center of one of the most important castle towns in Japan—Nagoya-juku— and it included the most important stops along the Minoji, which linked the Tōkaidō with the Nakasendō.[citation needed]
In order to advance into Owari, Suruga Province, military governor Imagawa Ujichika built Yanagi-no-maru during the Taiei era from 1521–1528 for his son, Imagawa Ujitoyo. The original castle at Nagoya, it was located near the site of the later Ninomaru residence. Oda Nobuhide seized it from Imagawa Ujitoyo in March 1532 (Kyōroku 5). He moved in and changed the name to Nagoya Castle.
Oda Nobunaga was supposedly born here 1534 (Tembun 3), although this is subject to debate. After he defeated Oda Nobutomo at Kiyosu Castle in April 1555 (Kōji 1), he established his residence there. Around 1582 (Tenshō 10), the castle at Nagoya was abandoned.
After various upheavals in Japan, Tokugawa Ieyasu emerged victorious. He decided in November 1609 (Keichō 14) to rebuild the castle at Nagoya. Up until the Meiji Restoration, Nagoya Castle would flourish as the castle where the Owari branch, the foremost of the three Tokugawa clan lineages, resided.
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Nagoya Dome
Nagoya Dome (ナゴヤドーム), constructed in 1997, is a baseball field, located in the city of Nagoya, Japan. The dome has the capacity to seat up to 38,414 people (official 40,500 people). It is an example of a geodesic dome.
It has served as HQ for the Chunichi Dragons baseball team, since its opening. It has also served baseball teams Orix Blue Wave and Kintetsu Buffaloes, sometimes during the year.
Official theme song for The Nagoya Dome, "Here For You", was written by local FM radio disk jockey, James Havens, and also released on CD by Victor Entertainment.
Media related to Nagoya Dome at Wikimedia Commons 35°11′9.53″N 136°56′50.33″E / 35.1859806°N 136.9473139°E / 35.1859806; 136.9473139
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Nagoya Station
Nagoya Station (名古屋駅, Nagoya-eki?) is a railway station in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan. It is one of the world's largest train stations by floor area (410,000 m²), and houses the headquarters of the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central). Much of this space is located in the JR Central Towers atop the station, as well as in underground concourses. The current station complex was completed on December 20, 1999. The station and the area around it is officially called Meieki (名駅?) in the Japanese addressing system.
The station is adjacent to Meitetsu Nagoya Station, the terminal of the Nagoya Railroad, and Kintetsu Nagoya Station, the terminal of the Kintetsu Nagoya Line.
The twin-towered station rises over 50 stories. There is the 59-story tall Hotel Tower and the 55-story tall office tower (with a heli-pad on top).[citation needed]
The platforms and the tracks are elevated. Six island platforms for the Tōkaidō Main Line, Chuo Line, and Kansai Line are situated in the eastern part of the station (the side where JR Central Towers are situated) and serve 12 tracks. Two island platforms for the Tokaido Shinkansen are situated in the western part and serve four tracks.
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Nagoya TV Tower
The Nagoya TV Tower (名古屋テレビ塔, Nagoya Terebi-tō?) is an electric wave tower in Nagoya, central Japan.
It is the oldest TV tower in Japan, and was completed in 1954. It is located in the centre of Hisaya Ōdori Park. The tower is 180 metres high, and has two main observation decks at the heights of 90 metres (the indoor Sky Deck) and 100 metres (the outdoor Sky Balcony). The tower also includes a restaurant and gallery at 30 metres. Nagoya TV Tower closely resembles the Eiffel Tower.
The famous movie monster, Godzilla pulled the tower down in Mothra vs. Godzilla (1964), and twenty-eight years later, it was destroyed again in the 1992 remake, Godzilla vs. Mothra. This time around, it is demolished by the monster Battra, when the creature attacks Nagoya.
Coordinates: 35°10′20.7″N 136°54′30″E / 35.172417°N 136.90833°E / 35.172417; 136.90833
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Naha, Okinawa
Naha (那覇市, Naha-shi?, Okinawan: Naafa) is the capital city of the Okinawa Prefecture in Japan.
Naha is a coastal city located on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of Okinawa Prefecture. The modern city was officially founded on May 20, 1921, but prior to that Naha had already been for centuries one of the most important and populous sites in Okinawa.
Naha is the political, economic and educational center of Okinawa Prefecture. In the medieval and early modern periods, it was also the commercial center of the Ryūkyū Kingdom.
Central Naha consists of the Palette Kumoji shopping mall, the Okinawa Prefecture Office, Naha City Hall, and many banks and corporations, located at the west end of Kokusai-dōri, the city's main street. Kokusai-dōri (国際通り, "International Avenue"?) boasts a mile (1.6 km) long stretch of stores, restaurants and bars. Kokusai-dōri ends at the main bus terminal in Okinawa, and is served by several stations along the Okinawa Monorail, the only train system in the prefecture.
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Nanjing
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions. Its present name means "Southern Capital" and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the Pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. It is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Sun Quan's Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national center of education, research, transport networks, and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
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Nanzan University
Nanzan University (南山大学, Nanzan daigaku?) is a private, coeducational university located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The main campus is in the Shōwa Ward of Nagoya City, with another in Seto City and a recently established satellite campus near Nagoya's Takaoka Station on the subway Sakura-dōri Line.
Nanzan is named after the forested mountains near Goken'ya-chō (五軒家町?), known as Minamiyama (南山?), which literally means "southern mountain". The on reading for "南山" is Nanzan. Also, in Chinese poetry "南山" refers to Mount Lushan until the Tang Dynasty and Mount Zhong Nan thereafter. Notably, the word appears in the classical poetry collection Shi Jing and the works of famous poet Li Bai. Thus, the choice of name is a celebration of longevity, perseverance, and prosperity for both the school and its alumni.
Divine Word Missionary Josef Reiners founded Nanzan Junior High School in 1932. Nanzan Foreign Language School was added to the Nanzan system in 1946 and eventually renamed Nanzan University in 1949. In 1995, Nagoya Seirei Junior College was subsumed by Nanzan when the two schools' organizations merged. In 2008, Nanzan plans to open an elementary school, officially named Nanzan University Affiliated Elementary School.
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Nisshin, Aichi
Nisshin (日進市, Nisshin-shi?) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 2011, the city had an estimated population of 85,892 and a population density of 2460 persons per km². The total area was 34.90 km².
Nisshin is located the flatlands of central Aichi Prefecture, and is bordered by the metropolis of Nagoya to the west.
The village of Nisshin was created within Aichi District on May 10, 1906 through the merger of the hamlets of Iwasaki, Shiroyama and Kaguyama. The town was named after the Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser Nisshin, which became famous during the Russo-Japanese War. Nisshin became a town on January 1, 1951 and was elevated to city status on October 1, 1994.
Media related to Nisshin, Aichi at Wikimedia Commons
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Noritake Garden
The Noritake Garden (ノリタケの森) is located in the city of Nagoya in central Japan.
Noritake is a leading company in the Japanese ceramics industry since over 100 years, based in Nagoya. The garden was constructed on the former factory grounds and exhibits the company, its history and products.
In the various showrooms can visitors observe the creation process of porcelain or participate in workshops. The museum exhibits old Noritake pieces, such as vases, jars and dishes from the early 1900s. Also current products are shown.
The garden also has several stores and a few restaurants for the visitors.
Access by public transport is a 15 minute walk from Nagoya Station.
Coordinates: 35°10′48″N 136°52′54″E / 35.179868°N 136.881586°E / 35.179868; 136.881586
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Nōbi Plain
The Nōbi Plain (濃尾平野, Nōbi Heiya?) is a large plain in Japan that stretches from the Mino area of southwest Gifu Prefecture to the Owari area of northwest Aichi Prefecture, covering an area of approximately 1,800 square kilometres (695 sq mi). It is an alluvial plain created by the Kiso Three Rivers (the Ibi, Kiso and Nagara rivers) and has very fertile soil. It is bordered on the west by the Ibuki and Yōrō mountain ranges, and to the east by the Owari Hills. Its northern border is marked by the Ryōhaku Mountains and the south by Ise Bay.
The downstream areas of the three areas are located in Aichi Prefecture and constitute a vast wetland, with the level of the land sometimes dipping below sea level. Because the water levels can change rapidly due to storms, there was often much water damage throughout history, leading to many distinct cultural habits, such as municipalities surrounded by earthen rings (e.g. Wanouchi, Gifu Prefecture). The modern cities of Tsushima and Nagoya in Aichi Prefecture were built on low-level plateaus to ward off water damage and flourished as a result.
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Opera
Opera (English plural: operas; Italian plural: opere) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble.
Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition. It started in Italy at the end of the 16th century (with Jacopo Peri's lost Dafne, produced in Florence around 1597) and soon spread through the rest of Europe: Schütz in Germany, Lully in France, and Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century. In the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe, except France, attracting foreign composers such as Handel. Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his "reform" operas in the 1760s. Today the most renowned figure of late 18th century opera is Mozart, who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas, especially The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and Così fan tutte, as well as The Magic Flute, a landmark in the German tradition.
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Osaka
Osaka (大阪, Ōsaka?) listen (help·info) is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshu, a designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the biggest part of Keihanshin area, which is represented by three major cities of Japan, Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is the third largest city by population after Tokyo (special wards) and Yokohama.
Keihanshin is the second largest area in Japan by population and one of the largest metropolitan areas highly ranked in the world, with nearly 18 million people, and by GDP the second largest area in Japan and the seventh largest area in the world.
Historically the commercial centre of Japan, Osaka functions as one of the command centers for the Japanese economy. The ratio between daytime and night time population is 141%, the highest in Japan, highlighting its status as an economic center. Its nighttime population is 2.6 million, the third in the country, but in daytime the population surges to 3.7 million, second only after Tokyo (combining the Special wards of Tokyo, which is not a single incorporated city, for statistical purposes. See the Tokyo article for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.) Osaka used to be referred to as the "nation's kitchen" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro?) in feudal Edo period because it was the centre of trading for rice, creating the first modern futures exchange market in the world.
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Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
At 165.2 million square kilometres (64.1 million square miles) in area, this largest division of the World Ocean – and, in turn, the hydrosphere – covers about 46% of the Earth's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area, making it larger than all of the Earth's land area combined. The equator subdivides it into the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, with two exceptions: the Galápagos and Gilbert Islands, while straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres (35,797 ft).
The eastern Pacific Ocean was first sighted by Europeans early in the 16th century. Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and named it Mar del Sur (South Sea). The ocean's current name was given by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish expedition of world circumnavigation in 1521, who encountered favourable winds as he reached the ocean and called it Mar Pacifico in Portuguese, meaning "peaceful sea".
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
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Ruhr
The Ruhr (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott, Pott or Revier), is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 7100/km² and a population of some 7.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany. It consists of several large, formerly industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. In the Southwest it borders to the Bergisches Land. It is considered part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of more than 12 million people.
Since the Ruhr is polycentric, coordinates shown are general in nature and so can be used to focus on the entire region of the Ruhr: 51°30′N 7°30′E / 51.5°N 7.5°E / 51.5; 7.5.
From west to east, the region includes the cities of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Bottrop, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Herne, Hagen, Dortmund, and Hamm, as well as parts of the more "rural" districts Wesel, Recklinghausen, Unna and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis. Historically, the western Ruhr towns, such as Duisburg and Essen, belonged to the historic region of the Rhineland, whereas the eastern part of the Ruhr, including Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Dortmund and Hamm, were part of the region of Westphalia. Since the 19th century, these districts have grown together into a large complex with a vast industrial landscape, inhabited by some 7.3 million people (when including Düsseldorf and Wuppertal). It is the fifth largest urban area in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow, London and Paris.
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Sagamihara
Sagamihara (相模原市, Sagamihara-shi?) is a city located in north central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering Tokyo, Japan. It is the third most populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki, and the fifth most populous suburb of Greater Tokyo. Its northern neighbor is Machida, with which a cross-prefectural merger has been proposed. As of 2010, the city has an estimated population of 712,883 and a population density of 2,170 persons per km². The total area was 328.84 km².
On April 1, 2010, the city became the nation's 19th city designated by government ordinance. As a result of this, the city established three wards: Midori-ku, Chūō-ku and Minami-ku.
Sagamihara covers a large area of northwestern Kanagawa Prefecture. The main areas of commercial activity in Sagamihara are located near Hashimoto Station on the JR East Yokohama Line and Keio Sagamihara Line; Sagamihara Station on the Yokohama Line; and Sagami-Ōno Station on the Odakyū Odawara Line. Western Sagamihara is within the Tanzawa Mountains.
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Santiago
Santiago (Spanish: Santiago de Chile (help·info)), also Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation (Greater Santiago). It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m (1,706.04 ft) above mean sea level. Although Santiago is the capital, the National Congress of Chile meets in the coastal town of Valparaíso, 120 km to the west.
Chile's steady economic growth has transformed Santiago into Latin America's most modern metropolitan area, with extensive suburban development, dozens of shopping centers, and impressive high-rise architecture. It has a very modern transport infrastructure, including the steadily growing underground Santiago Metro, an effort at modernizing public bus transport and a free flow toll-based ring road and inner city highway system, part of which is tunneled underneath a large section of the city's main river Mapocho connecting the Eastern and Western end of the city in a 25-minute drive. Santiago is the regional headquarters to many multinationals and a financial center.
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Seoul
Seoul (Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ul] ( listen), English /soʊl/), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world. The Seoul National Capital Area is the world's second largest metropolitan area with over 25 million inhabitants, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Almost a quarter of South Koreans live in Seoul, half of South Koreans live in the metropolitan area, along with over 275,000 international residents.
Located in the Han River, Seoul has been a major settlement for over 2,000 years, with its foundation dating back to 18 B.C. when Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, established its capital in what is now south-east Seoul. It continued as the capital of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul National Capital Area is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Shenzhen
Shenzhen (Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə́ntʂə̂n]) is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.
Shenzhen's modern cityscape is the result of the vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the institution of the policy of "reform and opening" establishment of the SEZ in the late 1979, before which it was only a small village. Both Chinese and foreign nationals have invested enormous amount of money in the Shenzhen SEZ. More than US$30 billion in foreign investment has gone into both foreign-owned and joint ventures, at first mainly in manufacturing but more recently in the service industries as well. Shenzhen is now reputedly considered as one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
Being southern mainland China's major financial centre, Shenzhen is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. Shenzhen is also the third-busiest container port in China, after Shanghai and Hong Kong.
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Shibuya, Tokyo
Shibuya (渋谷区, Shibuya-ku?) is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. As of 2008, it has an estimated population of 208,371 and a population density of 13,540 persons per km². The total area is 15.11 km².
The name "Shibuya" is also used to refer to the shopping district which surrounds Shibuya Station, one of Tokyo's busiest railway stations. This area is known as one of the fashion centers of Japan, particularly for young people, and as a major nightlife area.
Following the opening of the Yamanote Line in 1885, Shibuya began to emerge as a railway terminal for southwestern Tokyo and eventually as a major commercial and entertainment center. It was incorporated as a village in Minami-Toshima County (Toyotama County from 1896) in 1889, as a town in 1909, as a ward of Tokyo City in 1932, and as a ward of Tokyo Metropolis in 1943. The present-day special ward was established on March 15, 1947.
One of the most well-known stories concerning Shibuya is the story of Hachikō, a dog who waited on his late master at Shibuya Station every day from 1923 to 1935, eventually becoming a national celebrity for his loyalty. A statue of Hachikō was built adjacent to the station, and the surrounding Hachikō Square is now the most popular meeting point in the area.
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Shinjuku, Tokyo
Shinjuku (新宿区, Shinjuku-ku?) is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative centre, housing the busiest train station in the world (Shinjuku Station) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration centre for the government of Tokyo.
As of 2008, the ward has an estimated population of 312,418 and a population density of 17,140 persons per km². The total area is 18.23 km².
Surrounding Shinjuku are six other wards: Chiyoda to the east; Bunkyo and Toshima to the north; Nakano to the west, and Shibuya and Minato to the south. In addition, Nerima is only a hundred meters away[citation needed]. The highest point in Shinjuku is Hakoneyama (箱根山?) in Toyama Park at 44.6 m[citation needed]. The lowest point is 4.2 m near Iidabashi[citation needed].
Although the area immediately surrounding Shinjuku Station is home to hotels, department stores, specialist electronic and camera shops, cinemas, restaurants, and bars, the rest of the city is a mix of residential with commercial areas concentrated around railway stations[citation needed].
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Shōnai River
The Shōnai River (庄内川, Shōnai-gawa?) is a Class 1 river flowing through Gifu and Aichi prefectures in Japan. In Gifu Prefecture, it is also referred to as the Toki River (土岐川 Toki-gawa); around the city of Kasugai in Aichi Prefecture, it is referred to as the Tamano River (玉野川 Tamano-gawa).
The river originates at Mount Yūdachi in Ena, Gifu Prefecture. After flowing through the Tamano Valley in Aichi Prefecture, it enters the Nōbi Plain, before emptying into Ise Bay through Nagoya's Minato-ku.
The river passes through or forms the boundary of the communities listed below.
35°01′56″N 136°50′34″E / 35.032218°N 136.842667°E / 35.032218; 136.842667Coordinates: 35°01′56″N 136°50′34″E / 35.032218°N 136.842667°E / 35.032218; 136.842667 (mouth)
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Sydney
Sydney ( /sɪdni/) is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is classified as an Alpha+ World City indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.
Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet as a penal colony. The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches including the famous Bondi Beach and Manly Beach. Within the city are many notable parks, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
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São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
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Tahara, Aichi
Tahara (田原市, Tahara-shi?) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of February 2012, the city had an estimated population of 63,810 and a population density of 338 persons per km². The total area was 188.81 km².
Tahara is situated in southern Aichi Prefecture, and occupies most of Atsumi Peninsula. The peninsula is bounded on the north by Mikawa Bay and to the south lies the Philippine Sea, though it is commonly believed to be the Pacific Ocean. Situated as it is between those two bodies of water, Tahara has a warm, maritime climate.
The area of present-day Tahara has been continuously occupied since prehistoric times. Archaeologists have been found numerous remains from the Jōmon period and burial mounds from the Kofun period. During the Nara period, the area was assigned to ancient Atsumi County, and was divided into several shōen during the Heian period. During the Kamakura period, the area was noted for production of a certain type of pottery. During the Sengoku period, the area was under the control of the Toda clan, who constructed Tahara Castle. The Toda, who were allied with Tokugawa Ieyasu were dispossessed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, but returned as daimyō of Tahara Domain at the start of the Edo period. The Toda were later replaced by the Miyake clan, who ruled until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. The noted scholar Watanabe Kazan was from Tahara.
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Taipei
Taipei City (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/; [tʰǎipèi]; Chinese: 臺北市 or 台北市; pinyin: Táiběi Shì) is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific Ocean. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people. Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,900,273. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper. Taipei City proper is surrounded on all sides by New Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. The National Palace Museum which has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts and artworks in the world is located in Taipei. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. Railways, high speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
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Taitō, Tokyo
Taitō (台東区, Taitō-ku?) is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. In English, it calls itself Taito City.
As of April 1, 2011, the ward has an estimated population of 168,909, with 94,908 households, and a population density of 16,745.86 persons per km². The total area is 10.08 km².
The ward was founded on March 15, 1947. During the Edo period, the Yoshiwara licensed quarter was in what is now Taitō.
Situated in the northeastern portion of the wards area of Tokyo, Taitō is surrounded by five other special wards: Chiyoda, Bunkyō, Arakawa, Sumida and Chūō.
Taitō is famous for its typical Shitamachi districts.
Taito operates public elementary and junior high schools.
Public high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education.
The school district of the metropolis also operates one metropolitan junior high school:
Taito operates several public libraries, including the Central Library, the Central Library Asakusabashi Branch, the Negishi Library, and the Ishihama Library. The Central Library is located in the first and second floors of the Lifelong Learning Center.
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Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)[citation needed].
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Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
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Tokugawa Art Museum
The Tokugawa Art Museum (徳川美術館, Tokugawa Bijutsukan?) is a private art museum, located on the former Ōzone Shimoyashiki compound in Nagoya, central Japan. Its collection contains more than 12,000 items, including swords, armor, Noh costumes and masks, lacquer furniture, Chinese and Japanese ceramics, calligraphy, and paintings from the Chinese Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368).
Unlike many private museums in Japan, which are based on collections assembled in the modern era by corporations or entrepreneurs, the Tokugawa Art Museum houses the hereditary collection of the Owari branch of the Tokugawa clan, which ruled the Owari Domain in what is now Aichi Prefecture. The museum is operated by the Tokugawa Reimeikai Foundation, which was founded in 1931 by Yoshichika Tokugawa (1886–1976), 19th head of the Owari clan, in order to preserve the clan's priceless collection of art objects, furnishings, and heirlooms.
The main building of the museum was constructed in the 1930s in a classic Japanese style with western elements.
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Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
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Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
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Tsumago
Tsumago-juku (妻籠宿, Tsumago-juku?) was the forty-second of the sixty-nine post towns on the Nakasendō. It is located in Nagiso, Kiso District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It has been restored to its appearance as an Edo-era post town and is now a popular tourist destination.
During the Edo period, Tsumago was the forty-second of the sixty-nine post towns, which connected Edo (present-day Tokyo) with Kyoto. Prior to becoming part of the Nakasendō, it was the tenth of eleven stations along the Kisoji, a minor trade route running through the Kiso Valley. As such, it was a relatively prosperous and cosmopolitan town, with an economy based on currency. It fell into obscurity and poverty, however, after the completion of the Chūō Main Line railway, which bypassed Tsumago.
In 1968, local residents began an effort to restore historical sites and structures within the town. By 1971, some 20 houses had been restored, and a charter was agreed to the effect that no place in Tsumago should be "sold, hired out, or destroyed". In 1976, the town was designated by the Japanese government as a Nationally-designated Architectural Preservation Site. Despite its historical appearance, however, Tsumago is fully inhabited, though with tourist shops as the town's main business.
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Turin
Turin (Italian: Torino, pronounced [toˈriːno] ( listen); Piedmontese: Turin, pronounced [tyˈɾiŋ]; Latin: Augusta Taurinorum) is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 (November 2008) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.
The city has a rich culture and history, and is known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its baroque, rococo, neo-classical, and Art Nouveau architecture. Much of the city's public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as Palazzo Madama, were built in the 16th and 18th century, after the capital of the Duchy of Savoy (later Kingdom of Sardinia) was moved to Turin from Chambery( nowadays France) as part of the urban expansion.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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World Expo 2005
Expo 2005 was the World's Fair held for 185 days between Friday, March 25 and Sunday, September 25, 2005, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, east of the city of Nagoya. It was a Specialized International Exhibition under the scheme of the 1972 protocol of the Convention relating to International Exhibitions. Japan has also hosted Expo'70 Osaka (Universal International Exhibition), Expo '75 Okinawa (Special International Exhibition), Expo'85 Tsukuba (Specialized International Exhibition), and Expo'90 Osaka (Horticultural International Exhibition).
The theme of the Expo was "Nature's Wisdom," with national and corporate pavilions expressing themes of ecological co-existence, renewable technology, and the wonders of nature. In Japanese, this is rendered as Ai-chikyūhaku (愛・地球博), which means (roughly) "Love the Earth Expo," as well as being a play on the name of the host prefecture, 愛知 (Aichi). According to the official website:
The main site of the Expo was a forested area in Nagakute, east of Nagoya, covering an area of about 1.85 square kilometres (460 acres). A smaller area of 0.15 square kilometres (37 acres) nearby, accessible by gondola from the main site near Seto was also part of the Expo. Great care was taken to build the pavilions out of recycled or recyclable materials, to minimize environmental impact on the site, and to provide environmentally friendly transportation to and within the Expo area.
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Yokohama
Yokohama (横浜市, Yokohama-shi?, "Side Shore") ( listen (help·info)) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and most populous municipality of Japan. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Yokohama's population of 3.7 million makes it Japan's largest incorporated city.
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners. A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.
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Yokosuka, Kanagawa
Yokosuka (横須賀市, Yokosuka-shi?) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan. As of 2010, the city had an estimated population of 419,067 and a population density of 4,160 people per km². It covered an area of 100.62 km². Yokosuka is the 11th most populous city in Greater Tokyo, 12th in the Kantō region.
Yokosuka occupies most of Miura Peninsula, and is bordered by the mouth of Tokyo Bay to the east and Sagami Bay on the Pacific Ocean on the west.
The area around present-day Yokosuka city has been inhabited for thousands of years. Archaeologists have found stone tools and shell middens from the Japanese Paleolithic period and ceramic shards from the Jōmon and Kofun periods at numerous locations in the area. During the Heian period, local warlord Muraoka Tamemichi established Kinugasa Castle in 1063. He became the ancestor of the Miura clan, which subsequently dominated eastern Sagami Province for the next several hundred years. The Miura clan supported Minamoto no Yoritomo in the foundation of the Kamakura shogunate, but were later annihilated by Hōjō Tokiyori in 1247. However, the family name was reassigned to a supporter of the Hōjō clan, and the Miura continued to rule Miura Peninsula through the Muromachi period until their defeat at Arai Castle in a 1518 attack by Hōjō Sōun. Following the defeat of the Late Hōjō clan at the Battle of Odawara, Toyotomi Hideyoshi transferred Tokugawa Ieyasu to take control over the Kantō region, including Yokosuka in 1590.
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Ōsu Kannon
Ōsu Kannon (大須観音?) is a Buddhist temple of the Shingon sect located in Ōsu in central Nagoya, Japan. It belongs to the Owari Thirty-three Kannon.
The official name is Kitanosan Shinpuku-ji Hōshō-in, but is popularly known as Ōsu Kannon.
The temple was originally built in about the year 1333 in Ōsu-gō, Nagaoka village in Owari Province, which is currently known as the city of Hashima in Gifu Prefecture. Construction was sponsored by the Emperor Go-Daigo, who appointed Shōnin Nōshin as the first head priest. Nōshin had a vision in a dream of Avalokitesvara, the Buddha of Compassion, known as Kannon in Japanese. Hence, the name Ōsu (from Ōsu-gō) Kannon. Due to repeated flooding, the temple was moved to its present location in 1612 by Tokugawa Ieyasu. In the 1820s, large parts of the temple were destroyed by fire, but it was rebuilt in the 1970s. The main hall has a very large, red paper lantern hanging from the ceiling where worshippers can tie small paper notes with wishes to the holding wires.
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Akio Morita
Akio Morita (盛田 昭夫 Morita Akio, January 26, 1921, Nagoya, Aichi – October 3, 1999, Tokyo) was a Japanese businessman and co-founder of Sony Corporation along with Masaru Ibuka.
Akio Morita was born in the village of Kosugaya, Japan. Morita's family was involved in sake, miso and soy sauce production in the Chita Peninsula, Aichi Prefecture since 1665. He was the oldest of four siblings and his father Kyuzaemon trained him as a child to take over the family business. Akio, however, found his true calling in mathematics and physics, and in 1944 he graduated from Osaka Imperial University with a degree in physics. He later joined the navy and served as a lieutenant during World War II. During his service, Morita met his future business partner Masaru Ibuka in the Navy's Wartime Research Committee.
On May 7, 1946, Morita and Ibuka founded Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation, the forerunner of Sony Corporation) with about 20 employees and initial capital of ¥190,000. Ibuka was 38 years old, Morita, 25. Morita's family invested in Sony during the early period and was the largest shareholder.
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Akira Toriyama
Akira Toriyama (鳥山 明, Toriyama Akira?, born April 5, 1955) is a Japanese manga artist and game artist known mostly for his creation of Dr. Slump in 1980 and Dragon Ball in 1984. Toriyama admires Osamu Tezuka's Astro Boy and was impressed by Walt Disney's One Hundred and One Dalmatians, which he remembers for the great art. Jackie Chan's early movies had a noticeable influence on Toriyama's stories.
He debuted in 1979 with the story Wonder Island, published in Weekly Shōnen Jump, and first gained popularity for the manga and anime series Dr. Slump, originally serialized weekly in Shōnen Jump from 1980 to 1984. In 1982, he won the Shogakukan Manga Award for Dr. Slump for best shōnen or shōjo manga series of the year.
In 1984, Toriyama was responsible for developing Dragon Ball which was initially serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump. It became an instant accomplishment—primarily selling over 35,000,000 copies in Japan, Dragon Ball eventually became a record-breaking best seller with over 120,000,000 copies sold. Aside from the Japanese fame, the series was equally successful internationally as well, including in Europe (1988), Canada (1996) and North America.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Christopher Lambert
Christophe Guy Denis "Christopher" Lambert (born 29 March 1957) is a French actor who has appeared in American, as well as French and other European productions. He is best known for his role as Connor MacLeod, or simply "The Highlander", from the movie and subsequent movie franchise series of the same name. He is also known for his roles as Tarzan in Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes and as the thunder god Raiden in the first movie adaptation of the video game Mortal Kombat. He is credited in French-speaking countries as Christophe Lambert.
Lambert was born in Great Neck, New York. His father was a French diplomat in the UN. Lambert grew up in Geneva, Switzerland, where his family had moved when he was two. He moved to Paris when he was 16. He first gained an interest in acting after participating in a school play at the age of twelve. His parents however wanted him to have a job with security and saw acting as unsafe, so to please his parents he took a job with the London Stock Exchange, but after about six months he left the L.S.E. to help a friend run a shop in Paris. He also served in the French military at his father's insistence.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Hiroshi Tamaki
Hiroshi Tamaki (玉木 宏, Tamaki Hiroshi?, born 14 January 1980) is a Japanese actor, singer, and model from Nagoya, Japan. When he was still in high school, he was discovered by a talent agent while out shopping with friends. He made his debut in the drama Am I Weird? (私ってへん？ Watashitte Hen?) in 1998. Tamaki became more well-known with his appearance in the 2001 film Waterboys.
His singing career debuted with the single "Seasons" in summer 2004.[citation needed]
He was cast as Shinichi Chiaki for the drama Nodame Cantabile, which aired in Japan on Fuji TV on October 16, 2006.
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Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
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Japanese people
The Japanese people (日本人, Nihonjin, Nipponjin?) are a nationality originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries are referred to as nikkeijin (日系人?). The term ethnic Japanese may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups including the Yamato, Ainu and Ryukyuan people.
The Japanese language is a Japonic language that is sometimes treated as a language isolate; it is also related to the Ryukyuan languages, and both are suggested to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. The Japanese language has a tripartite writing system using Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. Domestic Japanese people use primarily Japanese for daily interaction. The adult literacy rate in Japan exceeds 99%.
Japanese religion has traditionally been syncretic in nature, combining elements of Buddhism and Shinto. Shinto, a polytheistic religion with no book of religious canon, is Japan's native religion. Shinto was one of the traditional grounds for the right to the throne of the Japanese imperial family, and was codified as the state religion in 1868 (State Shinto was abolished by the American occupation in 1945). Mahayana Buddhism came to Japan in the sixth century and evolved into many different sects. Today the largest form of Buddhism among Japanese people is the Jōdo Shinshū sect founded by Shinran.[citation needed]
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Jong Tae-Se
Jong Tae-Se (romanization used by FIFA; hangul: 정대세; hanja: 鄭大世; also known as Chong Tese (鄭大世; チョン・テセ, Chon Tese?) in Japan and Germany) born 2 March 1984 in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan) is a North Korean football player currently playing for 1. FC Köln. He is a member of the Korea DPR national team. He is nicknamed "the People's Rooney".
Jong is a third generation North Korean who was born in Nagoya, Japan to second generation South Korean parents with South Korean citizenship. His mother identified herself as a North Korean and sent him to attend a private school in Japan run by Chongryon, a group closely tied to the North Korean government – where he started football at its elementary school club. He later attended Korea University, a private university in Tokyo also funded by Chongryon.
Jong later tried to trade his South Korean citizenship for a North Korean citizenship, despite the fact that he has never lived in North Korea. The South Korean government officially does not recognize North Korea as a country and also does not allow dual citizenship in the case of adult citizens and hence Jong was unable to give up his citizenship. Chongryon, North Korea's de facto embassy in Japan, issued a North Korean passport to him. This made him eligible, per FIFA rules, to play for the North Korean team. As noted from Jong's documentary from South Korean television SBS, Jong officially only holds South Korean citizenship, but has a North Korean passport.
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Karina Nose
Karina (香里奈, Karina?) (born February 21, 1984) is a Japanese model and actress. Her birth name is Karina Nose (能瀬 香里奈, Nose Karina?). She was born in Shōwa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture.
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Katō Kiyomasa
Katō Kiyomasa (加藤 清正?, July 25, 1562 – August 2, 1611) was a Japanese daimyō of the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo period.
Kiyomasa was born in what is now Nakamura-ku, Nagoya (situated in contemporary Aichi District, Owari Province) to Katō Kiyotada. Kiyotada's wife, Ito, was a cousin of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's mother. Kiyotada died while his son (then known as Toranosuke) was still young. Soon after, Toranosuke entered service with Hideyoshi, and in 1576, at age 14, was granted a revenue of 170 koku. He fought in Hideyoshi's army at the Battle of Yamazaki, and later, at the Battle of Shizugatake. Owing to his distinguished conduct in that battle, he became known as one of the Seven Spears of Shizugatake. Hideyoshi rewarded Kiyomasa with an increased revenue of 3000 koku.
When Hideyoshi became the kampaku in the summer of 1585, Kiyomasa received the court title of Kazue no Kami (主計頭) and junior 5th court rank, lower grade (ju go-i no ge 従五位下). In 1586, after Higo Province was confiscated from Sassa Narimasa, he was granted 250,000 koku of land in Higo (roughly half of the province), and given Kumamoto Castle as his provincial residence.
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Kazuki Kato
Kazuki Kato (加藤 和樹, Katō Kazuki?, October 7, 1984–) is a Japanese actor and singer from Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture. He is known most notably for his role as Daisuke Kazama aka Kamen Rider Drake in Kamen Rider Kabuto and Keigo Atobe in The Prince of Tennis musicals. In 2011, he had formed a new japanese band called Joker and debuted their first single on 7 December 2011.
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Kiichiro Toyoda
Kiichiro Toyoda (豊田 喜一郎, Toyoda Kiichirō?, June 11, 1894 – March 27, 1952) was a Japanese entrepreneur and the son of Toyoda Loom Works founder Sakichi Toyoda. His decision to take Toyoda Loom Works into automobile manufacturing would create what would eventually become Toyota Motor Corporation, the world's largest automobile manufacturer.
The descendants of Sakichi Toyoda who established Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, have long dominated the upper management of Toyota Motors, which was incorporated in 1937.
Kiichiro Toyoda, who would become the president of Toyota between 1941 and 1950; His son, Shoichiro Toyoda, was born in Nagoya on February 17, 1925.
In due course, Shoichiro Toyoda became president of the company between 1982 and 1992. His 54-year-old son, Akio Toyoda, was the chief contender for the office of president when Katsuaki Watanabe relinquished that post to become Chairman, and the expectation was confirmed in 2009.
Kiichiro Toyoda made the decision for Toyoda Loom Works to branch into automobiles, considered a risky business at the time. Shortly before Sakichi Toyoda died, he encouraged his son to follow his dream and pursue automobile manufacturing — Kiichiro created what eventually became Toyota Motor Corporation.
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Kiyoharu
Kiyoharu Mori (森 清治, Mori Kiyoharu?, born 30 October 1968), better known by his given and stage name, Kiyoharu (清春?) is a Japanese musician and singer-songwriter, known for his work with Kuroyume and Sads. In 2003 he began his solo career, performing as both a singer and guitarist.
Kiyoharu's musical career began in the 1980s as a member of independent bands, Sus4 and later Garnet. After the disbandment of Garnet in 1990, Kiyoharu, as well as former Garnet bassist, Hitoki, formed Kuroyume. Kuroyume began in the beginning days of the visual kei movement. They progressed from a typical dark image and sound, to a heavy sound influenced by punk rock. The band ended as only a duo with Kiyoharu and Hitoki remaining. After tension on how the band should be managed and health problems for Hitoki, the duo ended the band in 1999.
Kiyoharu picked up again with his musical career, forming Sads in 1999. Sads produced a post-punk sound with a heavy surf rock influence. The band eventually formed their own record label, Fullface Records, in 2001, releasing their own material on the label. The label would sign its first act outside Sads, Merry, for their first album Gendai Stoic.
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Koji Kondo
Koji Kondo (近藤 浩治, Kondō Kōji?, born August 13, 1960) is a Japanese video game composer and sound director who has been employed at Nintendo since 1984. He is best known for scoring numerous titles in the Mario and The Legend of Zelda series.
Koji Kondo was born in Osaka, Japan, on August 13, 1960. He began taking lessons in the electronic organ from the age of five. He improved his skills in the instrument in a cover band that played jazz and rock music. Kondo studied at the Art Planning Department of Osaka University of Arts, but was never classically-trained or particularly dedicated to music. However, he gained some experience in composing and arranging pieces, using both the piano and a computer to assist him. During his senior year, Nintendo sent a recruitment message to his university stating that they were interested in hiring people dedicated to composition and sound programming. An LCD and arcade gamer, Kondo successfully applied for the job in 1984 without requiring any demo tapes.
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Lullatone
Lullatone is a popular music group based in Nagoya, Japan, whose music is characterized by an innocent, child-like quality and spare, lo-fi sounds. Although the group refers to their style of music as "pajama-pop", it is commonly included in such musical subgenres as Twee pop, Indie pop and Electronica. It draws influence from such diverse sources as Bossa Nova, French pop music of the 1960s, children's songs and Musique concrète.
Lullatone's founder was Shawn James Seymour, a native of Louisville, Kentucky. Its other principal member is Japanese native Yoshimi Tomida (Tomida Yoshimi, in traditional Japanese name order). Seymour began musical experimentation during his high school years in the late-1990s, using keyboards and cassette tape recorders. He and Tomida met while both were attending Bellarmine University; she as an exchange student from Japan. They soon became romantically involved and when Tomida's visa was due to expire, Seymour decided to return with her to Japan. In the small apartment they shared in Japan, Seymour began composing music late at night while Tomida slept. So as not to disturb her, the songs he created were lullabies. This was the origin of the name "Lullatone", which is also a reference to Raymond Scott's 1963 record "Soothing Sounds for Baby". Seymour and Tomida married in 2005.
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Maeda Toshiie
Maeda Toshiie (前田 利家?, January 15, 1539 – April 27, 1599) was one of the leading generals of Oda Nobunaga following the Sengoku period of the 16th century extending to the Azuchi-Momoyama period. His father was Maeda Toshimasa. He was the fourth of seven brothers. His childhood name was "Inuchiyo" (犬千代). His preferred weapon was a yari and he was known as "Yari no Mataza" (槍の又左), Matazaemon (又左衛門) being his common name. The highest rank from the court that he received is the Great Counselor Dainagon (大納言).
Toshiie was born in the village of Arako (present-day Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya), the fourth son of Maeda Toshimasa, who held Arako Castle. Toshiie served Oda Nobunaga from childhood (first as a page) and his loyalty was rewarded by being allowed to be the head of the Maeda clan, very unusual for a fourth son with no apparent failures among his elder brothers. Just like Nobunaga, Toshiie was also a delinquent, usually dressed in the outlandish style of a kabukimono. It is believed he also became a friend to Kinoshita Tokichiro (later Toyotomi Hideyoshi) in their youth. Just as Hideyoshi was known as Saru, 猴 or "monkey," it is believed that Toshiie was called Inu, 犬 or "dog" by Nobunaga. Due to a long-standing belief that dogs and monkeys are never friendly to each other, Toshiie is often depicted as reserved and stern, in contrast to Hideyoshi's talkative and easy-going nature.
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Mai Asada
Mai Asada (浅田 舞, Asada Mai?, born July 17, 1988 in Meito-ku, Nagoya) is a Japanese figure skater. She was the 2004–2005 Japanese junior national silver medalist.
Mai Asada studied ballet before taking up skating at the age of eight or nine.
She is the elder sister of Mao Asada,2008 and 2010 world champion, the silver medalist in the ladies' singles at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.
She also works as a model and TV presenter.
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Mao Asada
Mao Asada (浅田 真央, Asada Mao?, born September 25, 1990) is a Japanese figure skater.
She is the 2010 Winter Olympic silver medalist, a two-time (2008 & 2010) World champion, a two-time (2008 & 2010) Four Continents champion, a two-time (2005–2006 & 2008–2009) Grand Prix Final champion, the 2005 World Junior champion, the 2004–2005 Junior Grand Prix Final champion and a five-time (2006–2009, 2011) Japanese national champion.
At the 2010 Winter Olympics, she became the first woman to land three triple axel jumps in the same competition.
Mao Asada was born in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. She was named after the Japanese actress Mao Daichi. She attended Nagoya International School until the middle of 1st grade. After transferring, she graduated from Takabari Elementary School and Takabaridai Junior High. She received her high school diploma from Chukyo High School on March 15, 2009. After that, she enrolled in Chukyo University.
Her sister Mai Asada (two years older) is also a figure skater and finished 6th at the 2006 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships. She is now skating in shows.
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Nanjing
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions. Its present name means "Southern Capital" and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the Pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. It is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Sun Quan's Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national center of education, research, transport networks, and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
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Naoko Mori
Naoko Mori (森 尚子, Mori Naoko?) (born November 19, 1971) is a British actress known for roles as Sarah, Saffron's "odd" friend in Absolutely Fabulous, Mie Nishikawa in Casualty, and Toshiko Sato in Doctor Who and Torchwood.
Mori was born in 1971 in Nagoya, Japan, and grew up in Japan, New Jersey, USA, and London. When Mori was twelve, she moved to England.[citation needed] Her father was sent back to Japan when Mori was fifteen.[citation needed] She was then given the choice of either staying in London or moving back with her father.[citation needed] She chose to stay in England, partly because she wanted to finish her GCSEs and gain some qualifications. She attended the Royal Russell School.
Her father later opened a bank account for her, handed her a cheque book and told her to find a flat or a bed sit for herself to live in.[citation needed] Mori said that being on her own at such a young age helped her to be a very independent person, although it was still a scary world to be faced so young.[citation needed]
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Oda Nobunaga
Oda Nobunaga (織田 信長, Oda Nobunaga (help·info)?, June 23, 1534 – June 21, 1582) was the initiator of the unification of Japan under the shogunate in the late 16th century, which ruled Japan until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was also a major daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. His opus was continued, completed and finalized by his successors Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu. He was the second son of Oda Nobuhide, a deputy shugo (military governor) with land holdings in Owari Province. Nobunaga lived a life of continuous military conquest, eventually conquering a third of Japan before his death in 1582. His successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a loyal Oda supporter, would become the first man to unify all of Japan, and was thus the first ruler of all Japan since the Ōnin War.
Oda Nobunaga was born on June 23, 1534, and was given the childhood name of Kippōshi (吉法師?). He was the second son of Oda Nobuhide. Through his childhood and early teenage years, he was well known for his bizarre behavior and received the name of Owari no Ōutsuke (尾張の大うつけ?, The Fool of Owari). With the introduction of firearms into Japan, though, he became known for his fondness of Tanegashima firearms. He was also known to run around with other youths from the area, without any regard to his own rank in society. He is said to be born in Nagoya Castle, although this is subject to debate. It is however certain that he was born in the Owari domain. In 1574 Nobunaga accepted the title of Kuge (or Court Noble), then in 1577 he was given the title of Udaijin (or Minister of the Right), the third highest position in the Imperial court.
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Sakuma Morimasa
Sakuma Morimasa (佐久間 盛政?, 1554 - July 1, 1583) was the son of Sakuma Moritsugu, cousin of Sakuma Nobumori, a prominent Oda retainer to Oda Nobuhide and Oda Nobunaga. Morimasa was born in what is now Shōwa-ku, Nagoya(situated in contemporary Aichi District, Owari Province), He was a retainer of Shibata Katsuie and one of his top generals in many of his campaigns. Morimasa was given the former Ikko Sect fortress Oyama Gobo in the Kaga prefecture by Oda Nobunaga; the fortress was subsequently named Oyama Castle in 1580 but went on to become Kanazawa Castle. After several campaigns in which he had fought, he was given the nickname onigenba which literally means "Demon Genba", Genba being his middle name.
After the betrayal of Akechi Mitsuhide which led to the death of both Oda Nobunaga and his heir Oda Nobutada, Morimasa sided with Shibata Katsuie over making Oda Nobutaka (the third son of Nobunaga) as heir to the Oda clan whereas Hashiba Hideyoshi (later Toyotomi Hideyoshi) supported Lord Sanboshi. Sanboshi was the heir to Oda Nobutada and was still an infant at that time. This argument led to the split of the Oda clan retainers into the two main factions led by Shibata Katsuie and Hashiba Hideyoshi.
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Sakuma Nobumori
Sakuma Nobumori (佐久間 信盛, also Dewa no Suke (出羽介) and Uemon no Jo (右衛門尉)?, 1528 – February 18, 1582) was a retainer for the Oda clan. Nobumori's banishment by Oda Nobunaga to Mount Koyasan has widely been regarded as symbolic of Nobunaga's ruthlessness against even his longest-serving retainers, highlighting the leader's shortcomings as a military commander.
Born in what is now Minami-ku, Nagoya(situated in contemporary Aichi District, Owari Province) and serving under Oda Nobuhide, Sakuma was entrusted with the care of the young Oda Nobunaga. Unlike other retainers whose support wavered between Nobunaga and Oda Nobuyuki as clan leader, Sakuma remained steadfastly loyal to Nobunaga, and fought for him consistently. He was thus treated as Nobunaga's most important retainer and would come to fight in every important battle under Nobunaga's command.
Sakuma was called Noki Sakuma (退き佐久間), which literally means "retreating Sakuma,"[citation needed] because of his cautious tactics. He was successful in the campaign against the Rokkaku clan and helped to suppress rebellions caused by Buddhist sects in Echizen Province and at Nagashima in Osaka. In 1572, his 3,000-man unit formed part of the reinforcements dispatched by Nobunaga to aid Tokugawa Ieyasu's approximately 8,000 soldiers against the 27,000 led by Takeda Shingen. In the Battle of Mikatagahara Sakuma retreated after a preliminary engagement. His fellow commander Hirate Hirohide, however, who fought alongside the Tokugawa troops, lost his life, and the conflict ended with a crushing defeat of the Tokugawa-Oda alliance.
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Seamo
Naoki Takada (高田 尚輝, Takada Naoki?, born December 31, 1975) is a Japanese rapper and hip-hop artist better known under his alias Seamo (シーモ Shīmo). He made his debut in 2004 using the alias Sea-Mo Nator (シーモネーター, shīmonētā?), but later changed his name to Seamo. He made his solo debut in 2005 with the Japanese record label BMG Japan with the single "Kanpaku" (関白, Advisor?). Seamo became famous when he appeared along with the duo Bennie K on the song "A Love Story." In 2006, Seamo had his best-selling single in Japan with "Mata Aimashō" (マタアイマショウ?), which despite peaking at number fourteen on the singles chart has spent thirty four weeks on the chart and sold more than 160,000 copies so far. His second album, Live Goes On, made its debut on the Japanese chart at number one. As his favorite artists and influences, Seamo lists Kool Keith, MC Hammer, and Japanese acts Unicorn, Sing Like Talking, and Original Love. In 2008, he released "Honey Honey Feat. Ayuse Kozue", this song was used as the ending theme song of the second season of the anime xxxHolic, xxxHolic: Kei. His song "My Answer" was used as the tenth ending of the popular anime Naruto Shippuden. His song "Umi e Ikou" was featured as the ending theme for the 2010 live-action drama Moyashimon.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Shibata Katsuie
Shibata Katsuie (柴田 勝家?, 1522 – June 14, 1583) or Gonroku (権六?) was a Japanese military commander during the Sengoku Period who served Oda Nobunaga.
Katsuie was born in the village of Kamiyashiro(present-day Meitō-ku, Nagoya), a branch of the Shiba clan (who descended from the Ashikaga clan, and were the former suzerains of the Oda clan). Note the differences between Shibata (柴田?), Shiba (斯波?), and the Shibata clan of Echigo (新発田?).
Katsuie was the retainer of Oda Nobukatsu (Oda Nobuyuki). When control of the Oda clan was contested, Katsuie initially supported his lord, Nobukatsu, against his elder brother Oda Nobunaga. In 1556, Katsuie launched a coup d'etat against Nobunaga. He was defeated at the Battle of Inō, and in the aftermath Nobunaga had his brother executed, but impressed with the retainer's loyalty and bravery, decided to spare the life of Katsuie. Katsuie pledged his services to Nobunaga, earning his praise until eventually Nobunaga would offer Katsuie the hand of his younger sister, Oichi, in marriage. In 1570, while a joint Oda-Tokugawa coalition fought the battle of Anegawa, Katsuie was under siege at Chokoji Castle by 4000 soldiers of the Rokkaku clan. Katsuie eventually won via an all-out attack, forcing the Rokkaku to retreat. This action, along with a series of brilliant victories, gained him renown as "Oni Shibata".
wn.com/Shibata_Katsuie -
Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
wn.com/Tianjin -
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川 家康?, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but remained in power until his death in 1616. His given name is sometimes spelled Iyeyasu, according to the historical pronunciation of we. Ieyasu was posthumously enshrined at Nikkō Tōshō-gū with the name Tōshō Daigongen (東照大権現?).
Tokugawa Ieyasu was born in Okazaki Castle in Mikawa on the 26th day of the twelfth month of the eleventh year of Tenbun, according to the Japanese calendar. Originally named Matsudaira Takechiyo (松平 竹千代), he was the son of Matsudaira Hirotada (松平 広忠), the daimyo of Mikawa of the Matsudaira clan, and Odainokata (於大の方), the daughter of a neighboring samurai lord Mizuno Tadamasa (水野 忠政). His mother and father were step-siblings. They were just 17 and 15 years old, respectively, when Ieyasu was born. Two years later, Odainokata was sent back to her family and the couple never lived together again. As both husband and wife remarried and both went on to have further children, Ieyasu in the end had 11 half-brothers and sisters.
wn.com/Tokugawa_Ieyasu -
Tokugawa Muneharu
Tokugawa Muneharu (徳川 宗春?, November 20, 1696 – November 1, 1764) was a daimyo in Japan during the Edo period. He was the seventh Tokugawa lord of the Owari Domain, and one of the gosanke.
Muneharu was the 20th son of Tokugawa Tsunanari by a concubine, and a great-great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. During his lifetime, he rose to the junior third rank in the Imperial court, and held the titular office of Gon-Chūnagon (acting middle councilor). He was posthumously awarded the junior second rank and the office of Gon-Dainagon (acting great councilor). Among his brothers were Tokugawa Yoshimichi and Tokugawa Tsugutomo (the fourth and sixth lords of Owari), and Matsudaira Yoshitaka (second lord of the Mino Takasu Domain). A sister, Matsuhime, married Maeda Yoshinori, lord of the Kaga Domain, which was the richest domain in Japan outside the Tokugawa's own holdings. Muneharu did not marry, but had numerous concubines. His fourth daughter married the kampaku Konoe Uchisaki.
Given to personal luxury, in 1731, Muneharu published a book, Onchiseiyō (温知政要), which criticized ruling shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune for excessive frugality. In 1739, following a long dispute with Yoshimune, Muneharu was forced into retirement and confined within the grounds of Nagoya Castle. A relative succeeded him as lord of Owari, taking the name Tokugawa Munekatsu. After the death of Yoshimune, Muneharu moved outside the palace grounds. He died in 1764, but was not forgiven, and a metal net was placed over his grave to indicate his status. When a later shogun installed his own son as lord of Owari, 75 years after the death of Muneharu, he had the net removed as a gesture of pardon.
wn.com/Tokugawa_Muneharu -
Tom Selleck
Thomas William "Tom" Selleck (born January 29, 1945) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his starring role as the private investigator Thomas Magnum in the television series Magnum, P.I. (1980s), which was based in Hawaii. He also plays Police Chief Jesse Stone in a series of made-for-TV movies based on the Robert B. Parker novels. Since 2010 he has appeared as the NYPD Police Commissioner Frank Reagan in the drama Blue Bloods on CBS-TV.
Selleck has acted in many TV roles, including Dr. Richard Burke on Friends and A.J. Cooper on Las Vegas. In addition to his series work, Selleck has appeared in more than fifty made for TV and general-release movies, including Mr. Baseball, Quigley Down Under, Lassiter and his most successful movie release Three Men and a Baby, which was the highest grossing movie in 1987.
Selleck, born in Detroit, Michigan, is the son of Martha S. (née Jagger), a homemaker; and Robert Dean Selleck, an executive and real estate investor. The family moved to Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California when Selleck was growing up. His siblings include brothers Robert (born 1944) and Daniel (born 1954) and sister Martha. Selleck graduated from Grant High School in 1962.
wn.com/Tom_Selleck -
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣 秀吉?, February 2, 1536 or March 26, 1537 – September 18, 1598) was a daimyo, warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period. He unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle. He is noted for a number of cultural legacies, including the restriction that only members of the samurai class could bear arms. Hideyoshi is regarded as Japan's second "great unifier".
Very little is known for certain about Hideyoshi before 1570, when he begins to appear in surviving documents and letters. His autobiography starts in 1577 but in it Hideyoshi spoke very little about his past. By tradition, he was born in what is now Nakamura-ku, Nagoya (situated in contemporary Aichi District, Owari Province), the home of the Oda clan. He was born of no traceable samurai lineage, being the son of a peasant-ashigaru (foot soldier) named Yaemon. He had no surname, and his childhood given name was Hiyoshi-maru (日吉丸?) ("Bounty of the Sun") although variations exist.
wn.com/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi -
Yoichi Wada
Yoichi Wada (和田 洋一, Wada Yōichi?) (born May 28, 1959 in Nagoya, Japan) is the current president and representative director of the Japanese video game and publishing company Square Enix as well as its subsidiary Taito. He is also the current chairman of the Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association (CESA) and the vice chairman of the Digital Content Use Promotion Conference.
Wada was born on May 28, 1959 in Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. As a student, Wada wanted to become the president of a company as a profession, rather than gradually working his way up in a company through his entire career. He set for himself the objective of becoming a president by the age of 40. After receiving a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Tokyo, he went through an apprenticeship in the financial services group and global investment bank Nomura Securities in order to build a track record. Starting in 1984, he served in the group as part of the corporate strategy division, the investment banking division, and finally the controller division. He also worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan in Warsaw, Poland. In 2000, he decided to join "a company with a 'theme'", and, thinking that one of the themes of the 21st century was "creating society", chose the video game company Square.
wn.com/Yoichi_Wada -
Yokoi Yayū
Yokoi Yayū (横井 也有?, October 24, 1702 – July 15, 1783) was a Japanese samurai best known for his haibun, a scholar of Kokugaku, and haikai poet. He was born Yokoi Tokitsura (横井 時般?), and took the pseudonym Tatsunojō. His family are believed to be descendants of Hōjō Tokiyuki.
Yayū was born in Nagoya, the first son of Yokoi Tokitsura (時衡?) who served the Owari Domain. He inherited the Yokoi House's patrimony at twenty-six and held important posts of the Owari Domain. He was for example yōnin (manager of general affairs), Ōbangashira (chief of guard) and Jisha-Bugyō (manager of religious affairs). In 1754, at age 53, he retired for health reasons. Yayū moved to Maezu (前津?) (now in Naka-ku, Nagoya), and lived in the Chiutei (知雨亭?) hermitage. He was a prolific and respected composer of haibun, Classical Chinese poems, waka and Japanese satirical poems, and was an adept of the Japanese tea ceremony.
Yayū also excelled in Japanese martial arts, studied Confucianism and learned haikai from Mutō Hajaku (武藤巴雀) and Ōta Hajō (太田巴静). Hajaku and Hajō were pupils of Kagami Shikō (各務支考), a leading disciple of Matsuo Bashō. Mori Senzō (森銑三), a student of old Japanese literature, compared his hokku to senryū, and said they were not as interesting as his haibun. Yayū has been described as a master of haibun, and Nagai Kafū 永井荷風 called Yayū's haibun a model of Japanese prose.
wn.com/Yokoi_Yayū -
Último Dragón
Yoshihiro Asai (浅井 嘉浩, Asai Yoshihiro?), (born December 12, 1966), better known as Último Dragón (ウルティモ ドラゴン?), is a Japanese professional wrestler and actor. In addition to having trained in Japan, Asai learned to wrestle in the lucha libre style while working in Mexico. He is credited with popularizing the "Asai Moonsault".
Asai holds a record as the professional wrestler with the most concurrent championships. On October 11, 1996, he won the J-Crown, a unification of eight junior (lightweight) division titles from various international promotions. At the time, he already held the NWA Middleweight championship; during this reign he also became the WCW World Cruiserweight champion, making him the most decorated wrestler in recorded history. From December 29, 1996 through January 27, 1997 he was the active reigning and defending champion of ten titles, a record which still stands. Asai speaks Spanish fluently, and resided in Mexico for several years.
The name "Ultimo Dragon", which means "Final Dragon" in Spanish was initially used as a gimmick of Asai claiming to be the last student taught by legendary martial artist Bruce Lee, whose nickname was "The Dragon". The gimmick was later forgotten, but the name remained.
wn.com/Último_Dragón
karaoke
I'll just take off
I'll take off so you'll know just what I had to do
To become what I am right now.
I won't run now,
I won't run I'll hold it down
Even though it is a struggle
Just to stand my ground
I wouldn't have it any other way.
My heart is saying go
but my mind is saying wait, wait, wait
There really isn't a decision to be made.
My mind is made up and there's nothing
I wish that everyone could realize
That they could see through my eyes
I'm better off and I am thinking it's just right
I've got problems of my own
I won't concern myself with all of your noise
Please just turn it down to a suitable volume for this
room
I swear I will go deaf before we get anywhere
All because you wouldn't have it any other way.
With every good point you remind me
Of the day to day of sitting home feeling like a waste.
Don't try to take this from me
You've become impossible
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Nagoya, Japan (2011) : THE CITY #03
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Nagoya, near my birthplace, is the third largest incorporated city in Japan. Located on the Pacific coast in the Chubu region on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture. The sightseeing spot are Atsuta Shrine , Osu Kannon, Nagoya Castle, Nagoya Port, Nagoya TV Tower and Central Park etc.... I was inspired by Hiroshige's "One Hundred Famous Views of Edo". --------------------------------------------- Place : Nagoya, Japan Year : 2011 Maker : Minoru Koide Lens: G Vario 14-45/3.5-5.6, Canon FD50/1.8 Additional equipment: Mizar KD Mount (electrical head) Music: "Urban Angel" by Darren Leigh Purkiss This movie is one of "THE CITY" project which launched in 2012. Hold a emotion, overlook a city, and cinematize it ! "THE CITY" Article [in Japanese] sisyphe.blog90.fc2.com
http://wn.com/Nagoya,_Japan_2011_THE_CITY_03
Nagoya, near my birthplace, is the third largest incorporated city in Japan. Located on the Pacific coast in the Chubu region on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture. The sightseeing spot are Atsuta Shrine , Osu Kannon, Nagoya Castle, Nagoya Port, Nagoya TV Tower and Central Park etc.... I was inspired by Hiroshige's "One Hundred Famous Views of Edo". --------------------------------------------- Place : Nagoya, Japan Year : 2011 Maker : Minoru Koide Lens: G Vario 14-45/3.5-5.6, Canon FD50/1.8 Additional equipment: Mizar KD Mount (electrical head) Music: "Urban Angel" by Darren Leigh Purkiss This movie is one of "THE CITY" project which launched in 2012. Hold a emotion, overlook a city, and cinematize it ! "THE CITY" Article [in Japanese] sisyphe.blog90.fc2.com
Answering Questions about ... Nagoya!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
My blog: gimmeabreakman.com Language blog maggiesensei.com For students tinyurl.com For Flakers: tinyurl.com ------------- My facebook. www.facebook.com ------------- My other channels: youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com ------------- Twitter: twitter.com twitter.com twitter.com Music: Yetanothersongwriter, Ticket #851680059. I own all commercial, material, and distribution rights to everything in this video except where otherwise noted.
http://wn.com/Answering_Questions_about_Nagoya!
My blog: gimmeabreakman.com Language blog maggiesensei.com For students tinyurl.com For Flakers: tinyurl.com ------------- My facebook. www.facebook.com ------------- My other channels: youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com youtube.com ------------- Twitter: twitter.com twitter.com twitter.com Music: Yetanothersongwriter, Ticket #851680059. I own all commercial, material, and distribution rights to everything in this video except where otherwise noted.
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 2908
- author: Gimmeaflakeman
One day in Nagoya, Japan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
One day in Nagoya, Japan
http://wn.com/One_day_in_Nagoya,_Japan
One day in Nagoya, Japan
- published: 27 Jan 2008
- views: 29693
- author: greenthebest
EnglishFriendlyJapan - Shooters Nagoya!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:26
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Tell them we sent you!
http://wn.com/EnglishFriendlyJapan_Shooters_Nagoya!
Tell them we sent you!
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 10670
- author: TheJapanChannelDcom
Nagoya University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Nagoya University (NU) is a leading national university located in the heart of Japan, with approx. 16000 students (1300 international), our flagship departments are in the basic Natural and Physical Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, and Agriculture with acclaim to 4 Nobel Laureates all in Chemistry and Physics. Currently NU ranks 79 in the world (Academic Ranking of World Universities, 2010) and 10 in Asia (QS 2010). Starting from 2011, NU offers degree programs all taught in English for students with international education backgrounds, aiming to provide a unique experience for students to learn Japanese language and culture while receiving quality education. admissions.g30.nagoya-u.ac.jp
http://wn.com/Nagoya_University
Nagoya University (NU) is a leading national university located in the heart of Japan, with approx. 16000 students (1300 international), our flagship departments are in the basic Natural and Physical Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, and Agriculture with acclaim to 4 Nobel Laureates all in Chemistry and Physics. Currently NU ranks 79 in the world (Academic Ranking of World Universities, 2010) and 10 in Asia (QS 2010). Starting from 2011, NU offers degree programs all taught in English for students with international education backgrounds, aiming to provide a unique experience for students to learn Japanese language and culture while receiving quality education. admissions.g30.nagoya-u.ac.jp
- published: 25 May 2011
- views: 3707
- author: NagoyaG30
HODGY BEATS & JONTI - NAGOYA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Recorded last night. OFWGKTA/Stones Throw Records. stonesthrow.com + hodgybeats.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/HODGY_BEATS_JONTI_NAGOYA
Recorded last night. OFWGKTA/Stones Throw Records. stonesthrow.com + hodgybeats.tumblr.com
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 44505
- author: stonesthrowradio
Nagoya Robot Ramen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
www.jpnews.kr
http://wn.com/Nagoya_Robot_Ramen
www.jpnews.kr
- published: 01 Aug 2009
- views: 282207
- author: 哲鉉 朴
Antonov An-225 Mriya Landing at Nagoya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Antonov Airlines Antonov An-225 Mriya UR-82060 Nagoya - Central Japan International Airport (Centrair) Date 14:06 pm 21.6.2010
http://wn.com/Antonov_An-225_Mriya_Landing_at_Nagoya
Antonov Airlines Antonov An-225 Mriya UR-82060 Nagoya - Central Japan International Airport (Centrair) Date 14:06 pm 21.6.2010
- published: 21 Jun 2010
- views: 385012
- author: Hakuto0505
Nagoya, Japan trip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
In August, for my birthday, Lucas Utida and I took a short 3 day trip to Nagoya to skate and what not. This is some of the footy we got featuring Lucas Utida, Yutaro and a couple of Lucas's homies from Shizuoka. Thanks for the good times homies!
http://wn.com/Nagoya,_Japan_trip
In August, for my birthday, Lucas Utida and I took a short 3 day trip to Nagoya to skate and what not. This is some of the footy we got featuring Lucas Utida, Yutaro and a couple of Lucas's homies from Shizuoka. Thanks for the good times homies!
- published: 02 Dec 2011
- views: 1619
- author: blownout15
Elegant Accommodation in Nagoya!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
More info here: www.englishfriendlyjapan.com
http://wn.com/Elegant_Accommodation_in_Nagoya!
More info here: www.englishfriendlyjapan.com
- published: 15 Mar 2012
- views: 8929
- author: TheJapanChannelDcom
Nagoya Red Light District (Near Nagoya Station)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
A quick tour of Nagoya nightlife targeted towards adult males. This particular video was recorded in the red light district near Nagoya station. If you are interested in learning more about Nagoya or Japan in general, then please check out our blog: tuneinnagoya.blogspot.com . Our blog also provides more detailed explanations of common terms associated with Japanese red light districts.
http://wn.com/Nagoya_Red_Light_District_Near_Nagoya_Station
A quick tour of Nagoya nightlife targeted towards adult males. This particular video was recorded in the red light district near Nagoya station. If you are interested in learning more about Nagoya or Japan in general, then please check out our blog: tuneinnagoya.blogspot.com . Our blog also provides more detailed explanations of common terms associated with Japanese red light districts.
- published: 24 Jan 2009
- views: 69013
- author: TuneInNagoya
日本Japan ; Meitetsu Nagoya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 29 Aug 2012
Nishi Kasamatsu to Kasamatsu on the Takehana local line and Kasamatsu to Meitetsu Gifu on the Meitetsu Nagoya line Shot with my great old Sony DCR-TRV50E
http://wn.com/日本Japan_;_Meitetsu_Nagoya
Nishi Kasamatsu to Kasamatsu on the Takehana local line and Kasamatsu to Meitetsu Gifu on the Meitetsu Nagoya line Shot with my great old Sony DCR-TRV50E
- published: 02 Jun 2007
- views: 13380
- author: Rocketboy1950
Crazy camber Kawashima Celica leaving the Nagoya Exciting Car Showdown
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:27
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
The Kawashima Celica driving out of the Nagoya Exciting Car Showdown's hall. More at: noriyaro.com
http://wn.com/Crazy_camber_Kawashima_Celica_leaving_the_Nagoya_Exciting_Car_Showdown
The Kawashima Celica driving out of the Nagoya Exciting Car Showdown's hall. More at: noriyaro.com
- published: 20 Apr 2012
- views: 2533587
- author: noriyaro
Ne-Yo In Japan 3.19.2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
''Spread Love Through Music''
http://wn.com/Ne-Yo_In_Japan_3192011
''Spread Love Through Music''
- published: 20 Mar 2011
- views: 29084
- author: TheGentlemanNeyo2
TheGothenburgCombo plays Nagoya Guitars by Steve Reich
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Swedish Guitar Duo TheGothenburgCombo performs the hypnotic piece "Nagoya Guitars" by Steve Reich. Recorded live during concert in a church in Sweden, 2007.
http://wn.com/TheGothenburgCombo_plays_Nagoya_Guitars_by_Steve_Reich
Swedish Guitar Duo TheGothenburgCombo performs the hypnotic piece "Nagoya Guitars" by Steve Reich. Recorded live during concert in a church in Sweden, 2007.
- published: 15 Feb 2007
- views: 75390
- author: David Hansson
Nagoya Grampus Vs Seongnam Iihwa Chunma: AFC Champions League 2012 (Group Stage MD1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Nagoya Grampus 2-2 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma: A spectacular overhead kick with the last touch of the game saw Brazilian striker Hevertinho rescue a point for Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma with a 2-2 draw against Nagoya Grampus. For more, visit goo.gl Visit the channel www.youtube.com FACEBOOK: goo.gl
http://wn.com/Nagoya_Grampus_Vs_Seongnam_Iihwa_Chunma_AFC_Champions_League_2012_Group_Stage_MD1
Nagoya Grampus 2-2 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma: A spectacular overhead kick with the last touch of the game saw Brazilian striker Hevertinho rescue a point for Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma with a 2-2 draw against Nagoya Grampus. For more, visit goo.gl Visit the channel www.youtube.com FACEBOOK: goo.gl
- published: 07 Mar 2012
- views: 16440
- author: AFCCHAMPIONSLEAGUE
Nagoya Marimbas - Steve Reich
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
This is a performance of Steve Reich's piece, Nagoya Marimbas. The performers are Eric Retterer (left) and Shawn Savageau (right). This performance was given as part of Shawn Savageau's junior percussion recital at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
http://wn.com/Nagoya_Marimbas_Steve_Reich
This is a performance of Steve Reich's piece, Nagoya Marimbas. The performers are Eric Retterer (left) and Shawn Savageau (right). This performance was given as part of Shawn Savageau's junior percussion recital at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
- published: 14 Mar 2008
- views: 267512
- author: savageaushawn
Come Flying in Nagoya, Japan!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:31
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Fly in Nagoya at Nakanihon: www.nnk.co.jp This music from www.ChopSueyJoint.com
http://wn.com/Come_Flying_in_Nagoya,_Japan!!
Fly in Nagoya at Nakanihon: www.nnk.co.jp This music from www.ChopSueyJoint.com
- published: 01 Feb 2010
- views: 16437
- author: TheJapanChannelDcom
Pokemon Center Nagoya ポケモン センター 名古屋
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
WIN POKEMON CENTER MERCH!!!! Here's your chance to win exclusive Pokemon merchandise that can only be bought in Pokemon Centers in Japan. To enter just leave a comment or video response telling me who your favourite Pokemon is! A written comment will get one entry in the competition and a video response will get 5 entries! UPDATE: CONGRATS TO LAINBUTTONS FOR WINNING! THIS COMPETITION IS NOW CLOSED, STAY TUNED FOR MORE IN THE FUTURE! Nagoya Pokemon Center Official Japanese Website: www.pokemon.co.jp Official Pokemon Center English Website (not as much info): www.pokemon.co.jp
http://wn.com/Pokemon_Center_Nagoya_ポケモン_センター_名古屋
WIN POKEMON CENTER MERCH!!!! Here's your chance to win exclusive Pokemon merchandise that can only be bought in Pokemon Centers in Japan. To enter just leave a comment or video response telling me who your favourite Pokemon is! A written comment will get one entry in the competition and a video response will get 5 entries! UPDATE: CONGRATS TO LAINBUTTONS FOR WINNING! THIS COMPETITION IS NOW CLOSED, STAY TUNED FOR MORE IN THE FUTURE! Nagoya Pokemon Center Official Japanese Website: www.pokemon.co.jp Official Pokemon Center English Website (not as much info): www.pokemon.co.jp
- published: 08 May 2011
- views: 8147
- author: Brad Stephenson
Nagoya Marimbas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Chris Osborne and Matt DeVore, two undergraduate performance majors from Western Kentucky University, perform Steve Reich's Nagoya Marimbas.
http://wn.com/Nagoya_Marimbas
Chris Osborne and Matt DeVore, two undergraduate performance majors from Western Kentucky University, perform Steve Reich's Nagoya Marimbas.
- published: 08 Apr 2007
- views: 110032
- author: grundleberries
RIZE NIHONTOU Live at Nagoya 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
RIZE NIHONTOU Live at Nagoya Quattro 2012.05.17.
http://wn.com/RIZE_NIHONTOU_Live_at_Nagoya_2012
RIZE NIHONTOU Live at Nagoya Quattro 2012.05.17.
- published: 17 May 2012
- views: 77892
- author: RIZEstaff
NAGOYA(JAPAN) SPORTSTER MEETING 10th 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
The meeting that is held for Harley-Davidson sportster fans in Japan. shin883.com
http://wn.com/NAGOYAJAPAN_SPORTSTER_MEETING_10th_2012
The meeting that is held for Harley-Davidson sportster fans in Japan. shin883.com
- published: 04 Jun 2012
- views: 1945
- author: shin883
【仏だのん】Bad Apple!! dance with everyone in Nagoya
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
ニコニコよりUploaded from NicoNicoDouga www.nicovideo.jp for a second there I thought that guy's shirt wrote ZUN... don't really know what that guy's name translate to btw, sorry
http://wn.com/【仏だのん】Bad_Apple!!_dance_with_everyone_in_Nagoya
ニコニコよりUploaded from NicoNicoDouga www.nicovideo.jp for a second there I thought that guy's shirt wrote ZUN... don't really know what that guy's name translate to btw, sorry
- published: 15 Nov 2009
- views: 719791
- author: weiyi1994
photo: UN / Shareef Sarhan
02 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Guest Writer Gilad Atzmon. Israel suffered a humiliating defeat at The UN recently. The nations of the world stood up and said NO to the Jewish state - NO to Israeli occupation, NO to Israeli human rights abuse, NO to Jewish racism. In effect, they stood up and confessed to serious Zio-fatigue ... This is a very good news indeed. But interestingly, this united opposition to Israel is not in response to Israeli strength ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: USAF / Senior Airman Patrice Clarke
02 Dec 2012
There have been "multiple explosions" near an airfield at a US base in eastern Afghanistan, Nato has said. Afghan intelligence officials told the BBC seven suicide attackers targeted the base in Jalalabad, and witnesses said that gunfire was heard ... Counter claims ... There were no Nato casualties in the attack, officials said ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Anja Niedringhaus
03 Dec 2012
UNITED NATIONS. UN leader Ban Ki-moon warned Sunday that if Israel implemented its latest plan for new settlements it would deal an “almost fatal blow” to any prospects for peace with the Palestinians. Israel’s announcement about the 3,000 Jewish settler homes, whose planned location was not revealed, came in the wake of a historic vote by the United Nations General Assembly to upgrade Palestine’s diplomatic status ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
photo: AP / Patrick Semansky
02 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Much like the United States, the Vikings were a paradoxical and duplicitous civilization. Not only were they highly skilled shipbuilders and tremendous explorers, not to mention their expertise in the fishing, farming and trading industries, but they helped establish and contribute to the nation-states of France, England, Ireland, Germany, Russia, and Iceland ... This came to mind when Pfc....(size: 5.5Kb)
photo: AP / Sang Tan, File
03 Dec 2012
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — A major U.S. delegation is in Dubai to lead opposition to possible new Internet regulations at a U.N. conference ... and Microsoft Corp. ....(size: 0.9Kb)
noodls
03 Dec 2012
Deanna unlocks career-best. 3 December 2012. SHORT TRACK. Seventeen-year old short track speed skater, Deanna Lockett, has finished a career-best fifth in the final of the 1500 metres in the World Cup event in Nagoya, Japan ... It was the Queenslander's best result in a World Cup event to date ... Taya Conomos (olympics.com.au) and OWI ... (noodl....(size: 2.3Kb)
noodls
03 Dec 2012
Press Release. Mori Seiki Co., Ltd. Head Office. 2-35-16 Meieki, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya City 450-0002, Japan. TEL. +81(0)52-587-1830. FAX. +81(0)52-587-1833. November 30, 2012 Offering Machining Capability of Large Lathe and Accuracy of Small Lathe. Mori Seiki Co., Ltd. will begin taking orders for the NLX4000, a large lathe for machining large workpieces ... of 100 N・m ... employing the technology that circulates coolant inside castings ... 185 mm ... The ... Type....(size: 12.6Kb)
noodls
03 Dec 2012
Press Release. Mori Seiki Co., Ltd. Head Office. 2-35-16 Meieki, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya City 450-0002, Japan. TEL. +81(0)52-587-1811. FAX. +81(0)52-587-1818. November 30, 2012 Mori Seiki NLX Series Full Lineup. Mori Seiki Co., Ltd. will begin taking orders for three new models in the NLX seriesof high-rigidity,. high-precision CNC lathes. the NLX1500with a 6-inch chuck, the NLX2000 with an 8-inch chuck, and the NLX3000 with a 12-inch chuck ... - 2 - ... -....(size: 13.4Kb)
noodls
03 Dec 2012
2012 Canadian Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships coming to Toronto, Dec. 8-9. Top skaters to represent Canada at the 2013 world championships in Poland ... 8 and Sunday, Dec. 9 at the MasterCard Centre in Etobicoke, Ont ... 1 and Nov ... "It was at that competition (his first in 2001) that I saw I had the potential to make it on the national team," said Hamelin, who won two medals this past weekend at World Cup #3 in Nagoya, Japan ... MEN....(size: 9.1Kb)
CBC
02 Dec 2012
Canadian speedskater Charles Hamelin scored his second medal, a silver, at a World Cup stop in Nagoya, Japan, on Sunday ... Travis Jayner of the United States was third in 41.398, and fellow Canadian Francois Hamelin was fourth in 41.443. "My day went really well ... "I really liked my attitude in the race," Hamelin said ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
TSN Canada
02 Dec 2012
NAGOYA, Japan -- Canada's Charles Hamelin was less than two hundredths of a second from claiming his first victory of the World Cup season Sunday, racing to silver in a 500-metre short track speedskating event. Skating with his younger brother Francois in the final, Charles crossed 0.018 seconds behind German Robert Seifert ... "My day went really well ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
noodls
02 Dec 2012
Urawa Reds will return to the AFC Champions League next year after finishing third in the J. League's Division One following a 2-0 win over Nagoya Grampus on Saturday, the final day of the regular season. In addition to Reds, who won the ACL in 2007, J. League champions Sanfrecce Hiroshima and runners-up Vegalta Sendai will compete in the competition, as well as the Emperor's Cup winners who will be decided on January 1 ... distributed by....(size: 2.7Kb)
noodls
02 Dec 2012
NAGOYA, Japan - Canadian Charles Hamelin was 18 one thousandths of a second away from winning his first gold medal of the season, but the Sainte-Julie, Que., native settled for his sixth consecutive medal this year to take silver in the 500 metres in a time of 41.332 seconds at the Samsung ISU World Cup #3 (results web site) at the Nippon Gaishi Arena in Nagoya, Japan ... "My day went really well ... Marie-Ève Drolet of Laterrière, Que....(size: 8.3Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Former Asian club champions Urawa Red Diamonds secured a place in the AFC Champions League next year by beating Nagoya Grampus Eight 2-0 to finish third in the J-League standings on Saturday ... They join new J-League champions Sanfrecce Hiroshima and runners-up Vegalta Sendai in the AFC Champions League ... distributed by ... (noodl. 16807900) ....(size: 2.2Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Charles Hamelin wins bronze in 1,500 metres at Samsung ISU Short Track World Cup in Japan. Banff Canmore Speed Skating Club receives $1,000 from Intact Insurance World Cup Podium Tracker. NAGOYA, Japan - Canadian Charles Hamelin continued his streak of podium results with a bronze medal in the 1,500 metres today at the Samsung ISU World Cup #3 at the Nippon Gaishi Arena in Nagoya, Japan ... in 10th ... Marianne St ... (first 1,500 metres) ... (noodl....(size: 7.3Kb)
noodls
01 Dec 2012
Denny Morrison and Ivanie Blondin top Canadians at World Cup in Kazakhstan ... The men's pursuit team placed fourth out of 12 countries. Sunday's races will feature the women's 1,500 metres and team pursuit and men's 10,000 metres ... This season's 21st medal came today from Charles Hamelin, who won bronze in the 1,500 metres at the short track World Cup in Nagoya, Japan ... 19 and 20 ... distributed by ... (noodl. 16808488) ....(size: 3.0Kb)
noodls
30 Nov 2012
Qualifications on Day 1 of the Samsung ISU Short Track World Cup in Japan. NAGOYA, Japan - On the first day today of the Samsung ISU World Cup #3 at the Nippon Gaishi Arena in Nagoya, Japan, all 12 Canadian skaters moved on to at least one of their quarterfinal or semifinal races on Saturday and Sunday. Today's qualifying rounds included two 1,500-metre races, the 500 metres, the 1,000 metres and men's relay quarterfinals ... ... 24....(size: 6.0Kb)
Mashable
30 Nov 2012
PSFK Follow @psfk. Japan’s JR Central Railway Company recently unveiled plans for a new high-speed train propelled by magnetic fields ... Basically, the train floats above the tracks and nearly cuts travel time in half ... The Series Lo is expected to make its debut in 2027, running between Tokyo and Nagoya ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
For the small town in Batam, Indonesia, see Nagoya, Batam.
| Nagoya 名古屋 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| — Designated city — | |||
| 名古屋市 · City of Nagoya[1] | |||
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 Nagoya
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| Coordinates: 35°10′53.24″N 136°54′22.99″E / 35.1814556°N 136.9063861°E / 35.1814556; 136.9063861Coordinates: 35°10′53.24″N 136°54′22.99″E / 35.1814556°N 136.9063861°E / 35.1814556; 136.9063861 | |||
| Country | Japan | ||
| Region | Chūbu | ||
| Prefecture | Aichi | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Takashi Kawamura | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 326.43 km2 (126.04 sq mi) | ||
| Population (August 1, 2011) | |||
| • Total | 2,266,249 | ||
| • Density | 6,900/km2 (18,000/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | Japan Standard Time (UTC+9) | ||
| City Symbols | |||
| - Tree | Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) |
||
| - Flower | Lilium | ||
| Phone number | 052-972-2017 | ||
| Address | 3-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi-ken 460-0001 |
||
| Website | City of Nagoya | ||
| [2] | |||
Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi?) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. (Tokyo is not a single incorporated city - see Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.)
Located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area has 8.74 million people, of which 2.27 million live in the city of Nagoya.[3]
Contents |
History[link]
Etymology[link]
The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible etymology for the city's name is the adjective なごやか (nagoyaka), meaning 'peaceful'. [2]
The name Chūkyō (中京) is also used (chū (middle) + kyō (capital)), since it is the main city of the central Chūbu region. Various things are named after Chūkyō, for example the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.
Foundation[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2009) |
(The Japanese names in this section are written with the family name first. For example, in the name Oda Nobunaga, the family name is Oda.)
Oda Nobunaga and his proteges Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu were powerful warlords based in the Nagoya area who gradually succeeded in unifying Japan.
In 1610, Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the capital of Owari province from Kiyosu around seven kilometers to a more strategic location in present-day Nagoya.
Tokugawa period[link]
Nagoya Castle, a new, large castle, was constructed partly from materials taken from Kiyosu Castle During the construction, the entire town of around 60,000 people, including the temples and shrines, moved from Kiyosu to the new, planned town around Nagoya Castle.[4] Around the same time not far away, the ancient Atsuta Shrine was designated as a way station called Miya (the Shrine) on the important Tōkaidō, a road that linked the two capitals of Kyoto and Edo (now Tokyo). A town thus developed around the temple to support travelers. The combination of these two castle and shrine towns forms what we now call Nagoya.
Industrialisation[link]
Through the following years Nagoya became an industrial hub for the surrounding region. Its economic sphere included the famous pottery towns Tokoname, Tajimi and Seto, as well as Okazaki, one of the only places where gunpowder was produced under the shogunate. Other industries in the area included cotton and complex mechanical dolls called karakuri ningyo.
Part of the modernization efforts of the Meiji Restoration saw a restructuring of Japan's provinces into prefectures and the government changed from family rule to that by government officials. Nagoya was proclaimed a city on October 1, 1889, and designated a city on September 1, 1956 by government ordinance.
World War II and modern era[link]
Nagoya was the target of U.S. air raids during World War II, beginning on December 13, 1944 with an attack on a Mitsubishi war industries plant. The bombing of Nagoya in World War II continued through the spring of 1945, and included large scale firebombing. Nagoya Castle, which was being used as a military command post, was hit and mostly destroyed on May 14, 1945.[5] Reconstruction of the main building was completed in 1959.
In 1959, the city was flooded and severely damaged by the Ise-wan Typhoon.
Why Nagoya was a target in WWII[link]
The population of Nagoya was estimated to be 1,500,000 ranking third among Japanese cities. It was one of the 3 largest industrial areas in Japan and was the center of the Japanese aircraft industry. It was estimated that 25% of all its workers are engaged in some phase of aircraft production. Important Japanese aircraft targets (numbers 193,194,198, 2010, and 1729) lie within the city itself, while others (notable 240 and 1833) lie to the north of Kagamigahara. It was estimated that the above-mentioned units produce between 40% and 50% of the total output of Japanese combat aircraft and combat aircraft engines. The Nagoya area also produced machine tools, bearings, railway equipment, metal alloys, tanks, motor vehicles, and processed foods during WWII. Nagoya, the heart of the enemy aircraft industry was the target for two of the Bomber Command’s attacks. Two incendiary attacks, one by day and one by night, left 5.9 square miles of the city devastated. The XXI Bomber Command established a new AAF record with the greatest tonnage ever released on a single target in one mission – 3,162 tons of incendiaries on Nagoya. It also destroyed or damaged twenty-eight of the numbered targets and raised the total area burned to almost one-fourth of the entire city. [6][Full citation needed]
Geography[link]
Nagoya lies north of Ise Bay on the Nōbi Plain. The city was built on low-level plateaus to ward off water damage. The plain is one of the fertile lands of Japan, which allowed for the development of agriculture. The Kiso River flows to the west along the city border, the Shōnai River comes in from the northeast and takes a southern towards the bay at Nishi Ward. The man-made Hori River was constructed as a canal in the 1610 and flows from north to south, and is a part of the Shōnai River system. The rivers allowed for trade to develop with the hinterland. The Tempaku River feeds from a number of smaller river in the east, flows briefly south at Nonami and then west at Ōdaka into the bay.
The geographic location and the position of the city in the centre of Japan allowed it to develop economically and politically over the centuries.
Sightseeing[link]
Nagoya's two most famous sightseeing spots are Atsuta Shrine and Nagoya Castle.[7]
- Atsuta Shrine is known as the second-most venerable shrine in Japan, after Ise Shrine. It is said to enshrine the Kusanagi sword, one of the three imperial regalia of Japan, but it is not on display to the public. It holds around 70 festivals in a year, and many people visit the shrine year-round. Also, the shrine has over 4,400 national treasures representing its 2,000 year history.
- Nagoya Castle was built in 1612. Although a large part of it burned down in the fires of World War II, the castle was restored in 1959, adding some modern amenities such as elevators. The castle is famous for two magnificent Golden tiger-headed carp (金の鯱, Kin no Shachihoko?) on the roof, often used as the symbol of Nagoya.
Other Nagoya attractions include:
- The Nagoya TV Tower and Hisaya-Ōdori Park, located in the central Sakae district
- JR Central Towers of Nagoya Station
- Midland Square: The new international sales headquarters for the Toyota Motor Corporation features Japan's highest open-air observation deck.[8]
- The Nagoya Port area: The Nagoya port area includes a themed shopping mall called Italia Mura as well as the popular Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium.
- Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens and the Higashiyama Sky Tower.
- The Toyota museums: The Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology near Nagoya station.
- The Noritake factory: The home of Noritake fine chinaware is open to visitors and allows people to browse through the history of the establishment. Complete with cafe and information/technology displays, as well as shopping facilities, visitors can spend a whole day wandering through the displays and grounds. It also holds a few sad reminders of devastation during the final stages of WWII.
- The Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts (N/BMFA)
- The Ōsu shopping district and nearby temples, Ōsu Kannon and Banshō-ji.
- The Tokugawa Art Museum and the Tokugawaen, a surrounding Japanese garden
- The Nagoya City Science and Art Museums, located in Shirakawa Park, not far from Fushimi Subway Station.
- The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Money Museum, now located near the Akatsuka-shirakabe 赤塚白壁 bus stop on Dekimachi-dori.[9]
- Nagoya Noh Theatre
- Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium
- Yagoto district with Kōshō-ji
- Shiroyama Hakusan Shrine, formerly Suemori Castle
- Togan-ji
- Nittai-ji
- Nunoike Cathedral
- Nagoya City Museum
- Nagoya City Science Museum
- Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum
- IdcN International Design Centre
- Little Italy - Villaggio Italia (closed in 2008)
- Pachinko Museum
- Koma (Spinning Tops) Museum
- Toyota Municipal Museum of Art
- Nagoya City Tram & Subway Museum
- Nagoya Agricultural Center
Nagoya is also a starting point for short visits in the surrounding area, such as Inuyama, Little World Museum of Man, Meiji Mura, Kasadera Kannon, Toyohashi and Arimatsu. Reachable within a two hour radius by car or train are Gifu[disambiguation needed 
], Gujo Hachiman, Gifu, Ise Shrine, Takayama, Gifu, Gero Onsen and the hill stations in the Kiso Valley Magome and Tsumago.
Wards[link]
Nagoya has 16 wards:
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Climate[link]
| Climate data for Nagoya, Japan (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.9 (102.0) |
39.9 (103.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
32.7 (90.9) |
27.2 (81.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
39.9 (103.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.2 (46.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
6.7 (44.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
13.5 (56.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
2.6 (36.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 43.2 (1.701) |
64.1 (2.524) |
115.2 (4.535) |
143.3 (5.642) |
155.7 (6.13) |
201.5 (7.933) |
218.0 (8.583) |
140.4 (5.528) |
249.8 (9.835) |
116.9 (4.602) |
79.5 (3.13) |
36.8 (1.449) |
1,564.6 (61.598) |
| Snowfall cm (inches) | 4 (1.6) |
8 (3.1) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
13 (5.1) |
| % humidity | 65 | 62 | 60 | 62 | 66 | 74 | 76 | 73 | 73 | 69 | 67 | 66 | 68 |
| Avg. snowy days | 6.2 | 6.1 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 17.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 169.8 | 165.7 | 189.3 | 188.4 | 199.6 | 145.2 | 162.9 | 195.4 | 141.9 | 165.6 | 159.7 | 169.7 | 2,053.4 |
| Source: [10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
One of the earliest censuses, carried out in 1889, gave Nagoya's population as 157,496. It reached the 1 million mark in 1934 and, as of December 2010, the city had an estimated population of 2,259,993 with a population density of 6,923 persons per km². Also as of December 2010 there were estimated to be 1,019,859 households in the city — a significant increase from 153,370 at the end of World War II, in 1945.[11]
The total area is 326.45 km². Its metropolitan area extends into Mie and Gifu prefectures, with a total population of about 9 million people, with only Osaka and Tokyo being larger.
Transportation[link]
Nagoya is served by Chūbu Centrair International Airport (NGO) built on the artificial island off shore of Tokoname and by Nagoya Airfield (Komaki Airport, NKM) near the city boundary with Komaki and Kasugai[disambiguation needed ]. On February 17, 2005, all of Nagoya Airport's commercial international flights moved to Centrair Airport. Nagoya Airfield is now used for general aviation and airbase facility as well as the main J-Air airline hub.
Nagoya Station, the world's largest train station by floor area, is on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, Tōkaidō Main Line, and Chūō Main Line, among others. The Nagoya Railroad and Kintetsu provide regional rail service to points in the Tōkai and Kansai regions. The city is also serviced by the Nagoya Subway.
Nagoya Port is the largest port by international trade value in Japan. Toyota Motor Corporation uses Nagoya Port for export of their products.
Economy[link]
Nagoya is the center of Greater Nagoya which earned nearly 70 percent of Japan's trade surplus as of 2003.[12]
Nagoya's main industry is the automotive business, as many Japanese automotive companies are based out of Nagoya, akin to how many U.S. automakers are based out of Detroit. Toyota's luxury brand Lexus is headquartered in Nagoya. Mitsubishi Motors has R & D division in Okazaki located in a suburb of Nagoya. Many Japanese automotive suppliers such as DENSO, Aisin Seiki, Toyota Industries, JTEKT or Toyota Boshoku etc. are headquartered in Nagoya or suburbs of Nagoya. Furthermore, major automotive suppliers such as Magna International or PPG also have a presence in Nagoya.
JR Central, which operates the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, is headquartered in Nagoya, as is the fine ceramics company Noritake. As well Brother Industries which is known for office machines such as multifunction printers, NGK which is known for spark plugs and related products, Nippon Sharyo which is known for manufacturing rolling stock including the Shinkansen bullet trains and Hoshizaki Electric which is known for commercial ice machines and refrigeration equipment are also headquartered here. The Japanese confectionery company Marukawa is headquartered in Nagoya. There is also a sizable aerospace, machine tool and electronics industry in the area.[13]
Aerospace-related firms operating in Nagoya include Boeing, Pratt & Whitney, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Bodycote, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Spirit AeroSystems, and Fuji Heavy Industries.
Robot technology is another rapidly developing industry. Mechanized puppets, called "karakuri ningyo", are a traditional craft in the Nagoya area. In addition to the aerospace and robotics industries, a materials engineering industry is also developing in this area.[14]
The World Expo 2005, also known as Aichi Expo was held just outside of Nagoya in the neighboring cities of Nagakute and Seto. The event was held from March 25 to September 25, 2005.
Education[link]
Nagoya has a large number primary and secondary schools, which are mostly state-run. A large number of state and private colleges and universities exist throughout the city as well, with many located on the eastern side of the city. Some educational institutions were founded during the opening of the Meiji era according to a Western system, with more to follow during the Taishō and Shōwa eras. Nagoya University was set up in 1871 as a medical school. Nanzan University was set up by the Jesuits in 1932 as a high school and expanded throughout the decades to include Nanzan Junior College and the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture. Some universities specialise in engineering and technology such as Nagoya University Engineering school, Nagoya Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute, since the city is a hub of industrial activity, and receive support and grants from companies such as Toyota.
Other colleges and universities include Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing & Health, Aichi Shukutoku Junior College, Aichi Toho University, Chukyo University, Daido University, Doho University, Kinjo Gakuin University, Kinjo Gakuin University Junior College, Meijo University, Nagoya City University, Nagoya College of Music, Nagoya Future Culture College, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya Management Junior College, Nagoya Women's University, St. Mary’s College, Nagoya, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Sugiyama Jogakuen University Junior College, Tokai Gakuen Women’s College. Various universities from outside Nagoya have set up satellite campuses, such as Tokyo University of Social Welfare.
The Hōsa Library dates back to the 17th century and houses 110,000 items including classic literature, an heirloom of the Owari Tokugawa bequeathed to the city. The Nagoya City Archives have a large collection of documents and books. Tsuruma Central Library is a public library and Nagoya International Center has a collection of foreign-language books.
Culture[link]
Culture runs deep in Nagoya, as it was a major trading city and political seat of the Owari lords, the most important house of the Tokugawa clan. The Owari lords actively encouraged trade and the arts under their patronage, especially Tokugawa Muneharu, the 7th lord of Owari, who took a keen interest in drama and plays and lived a lavish lifestyle. Under his rule, famous actors and actresses began to come to Nagoya, creating a bustling city life. The patronage of the arts and culture was emulated and supported by the wealthy merchants of the city. The cultural life continued to flourish after the end of the feudal Edo period and the beginning of the modern Meiji era. The destruction brought on by World War II however was unprecedented in the history of the city. Many old buildings and artefacts were destroyed during the American bombing raids and subsequent fires, grave losses of Japan's cultural heritage. Nevertheless the economical and thus financial power of the region and the city in the post-war years has reconstructed and rekindled the artistic and cultural scene.
Museums[link]
Nagoya has a wide array of different kinds of museums, ranging from the traditional to modern art, from handicrafts to industrial high-tech, from natural to scientific museums.
Nagoya Castle has a collection of objects from the Owari Tokugawa era. The main tower is a museum that details the history of the castle and the city. The Honmaru Palace, destroyed in World War II, is slated for reconstruction by 2016 and will again be a prime example of the Shoin-zukuri architecture of the feudal era. The Tokugawa Art Museum is a private museum belonging to the Owari Tokugawa, who lived in Nagoya castle for 16 generations. Among other things, it contains 10 designated national treasures of Japan, including some of the oldest scrolls of The Tale of Genji.[15] The Nagoya Noh Theatre houses various precious objects of Noh theatre. The Nagoya City Museum showcases the history of the town.
Paintings and sculpture are also exhibited at the Nagoya City Art Museum, as well as modern art in the Aichi Arts Center. The Aichi Arts Center also is the venue of rotating exhibitions. The city is also home to the Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts, a sister museum to the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, which was founded to bring aspects of the MFA's collection to Japan.
The art of porcelain and ceramics can be seen at the Noritake Garden. Toyota has two museums in the city, the Toyota Automobile Museum which shows vintage cars, and the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology, which showcases the long history of the company when it started as a textile mill.
The Nagoya City Tram & Subway Museum has a number of old trams and subway cars, as well as the Nagoya City Science Museum. The SCMaglev and Railway Park opened in March 2011 with various trains from the Central Japan Railway Company.
Arts museums that are located close to Nagoya in Aichi prefecture are the Aichi Prefectural Ceramic Museum and the Toyota Municipal Museum of Art. Meiji Mura is an open-air museum with salvaged buildings from the Meiji, Taisho and Showa eras.
Theatres[link]
Noh theatre and Kyōgen have a deep-rooted tradition that dates back to the feudal times of the Owari Tokugawa. The Nagoya Noh Theatre at Nagoya Castle continues that tradition and is a prominent feature in the cultural life of the city, with monthly performances.
One of the grand stages of Kabuki in Japan is Misono-za, which also hosts various other Japanese theatre plays and entertainment forms such as concerts.
In the 1992, the large, modern Aichi Arts Center was opened in Sakae. It is the main venue for performing arts, featuring a main hall that can be used for opera and theatre, and a concert hall. The Nagoya Philharmonic Orchestra gives its performances there, as well as many visiting guest orchestras from abroad.
Cultural Path[link]
The civic authorities try to promote tourism and have taken steps to safeguard architectural heritage by earmarking them as important cultural assets. Apart from the castle, temples, shrines and museums in the city, a "Cultural Path" was instituted in the 1980s, located between the Tokugawa Art Museum and Nagoya Castle. This old residential area has some historic buildings such as the Nagoya City Archives, the Nagoya City Hall main building, the Aichi Prefectural Office main building, the Futaba Museum, the former residence of Sasuke Toyoda, the former residence of Tetsujiro Haruta and the Chikaramachi Catholic Church. Most buildings date from the Meiji and Taisho era and are protected historical sites.
Festivals[link]
Apart from the main national festivals and holidays, there are festivals in Nagoya which are unique to the city and region.
Major events include the Atsuta Festival at Atsuta Shrine in June, the Port Festival at Nagoya Port in July, the Nagoya Castle Summer Festival in August at Nagoya Castle and the Nagoya Festival held in October at the Hisaya Ōdori Park. Various smaller festivals exist and different wards and areas of the city have their own local festivals as well, such as the Daidō-chōnin Matsuri (大須大道町人祭, Street Performer's Festival?) in Ōsu.
Dialect[link]
The Nagoya dialect (名古屋弁, Nagoya-ben?) is a dialect of the Japanese language spoken in the western half of Aichi Prefecture, centering on the city of Nagoya. It is also called Owari dialect (尾張弁, Owari-ben?) since the area was formerly part of Owari Province. The Nagoya dialect is relatively near to standard Japanese and has proximities to the Kansai dialect, albeit with its own distinct pronunciation and vocabulary.
Handicrafts[link]
The industry of Japanese handicrafts in the city dates back hundreds of years and is still kept alive today.
- Arimatsu and Narumi dye: during the construction of Nagoya Castle in the 17th century, the lords of Owari called in skilled craftsmen from the Bungo Province in Kyushu, known for their tie-dyed fabric technique. These craftsmen and their families were treated generously by the Owari lords and settled in the Arimatsu und Narumi neighbourhoods of Nagoya. In the tie-dyed fabric technique, only the base fabric is dyed, leaving a parts that were tied together as white spots. This highly specialised process takes half to one year to complete a piece of cloth.
- Straps for geta clogs: wooden clogs called geta were the shoes of the feudal era. The lords of Owari devised their own unique pattern for the cotton straps of the clogs and ordered them to be woven by local weavers. The technique has been passed from generation to generation. The making of these specially designed cotton straps for wooden clogs began when the lord of the Owari clan devised his own unique pattern and ordered it to be woven by a local weaver. The technique has developed over the generations. The straps became stronger and more resilient but more comfortable for the feet with the discovery of cotton velvet.
- Shippo: the technique for enamelware called shippo was introduced to Japan from the Netherlands towards the end of the Edo period. The patterns used look almost transparent and are often used on pottery.
- Candles: for Japanese candles wax is taken from a wax tree, and painted around a rope made out of grass and Japanese paper (washi) over and over again into layers. When cut in half, the candle looks as if it grew like a tree with rings. Japanese candles produce less smoke and are harder to blow out, since the wick tends to be larger. Artists paint the candles in coloured patterns.
- Yuzen: the art of silk dyeing was introduced to Nagoya by craftsmen from Kyoto during the rule of the Owari Togukawa. The initial designs were extravagant and brightly coloured, but over time became more muted and light-coloured.
- Sekku Ningyo: these are festival dolls, introduced by markets that were held all over Japan during the Meiji era. Nagoya craftsmen rank amongst the top producers of festival dolls in the country.
Cuisine[link]
Nagoya is known for unique local cuisine Nagoya meshi. Some famous Nagoya foods:
- tebasaki: chicken wings marinated in a sweet sauce with sesame seeds, basically a type of yakitori.
- kishimen: flat udon noodles with a slippery texture. It should be dipped in a light soy sauce soup and a sliced leek or other flavouring added. It can be eaten cold or hot.
- red miso dishes: various dishes that use red miso exist, such as miso katsu (pork cutlet with sweet miso sauce), miso nikomi udon (hard udon stewed in miso soup), miso oden (miso taste oden), and dote nabe (miso nabemono with meat and vegetables).
- Nagoya kōchin: a special breed of free-range chicken. This is a breed of chicken that has been cross-bred between a Nagoya chicken and a cochin. The time until maturity is 2.5 times the normal broiler chicken, and its meat is said to be juicy and tender, without the strong scent common amongst chicken.
- toriwasa: Because of the quality of the meat, sashimi can also be made of Nagoya kōchin, from the flesh, livers, hearts, and gizzards.
- uirō: rice dumpling made by mixing rice flour with a little sugar and then steaming the mixture in a steamer. The name is said to have come from a Chinese medicine that resembled it in colour. It is assumed that the medicine was brought by Chinese medicine vendors to Japan more than 600 years ago.
- tenmusu: rice ball wrapped in layer with tempura at the centre. This dish originated in Tsu and became popular in Nagoya.
- moriguchi pickles: pickles use the Moriguchi daikon. The radish, about two metres long and two centimetres in diameter is pickled in barrels of sake and other seasoning. The radish is so long that you have to pack them along the inner wall of the barrel, one on top of the other.
- Hitsumabushi: rice dish with unagi in a lidded wooden container. This dish is enjoyed three way; eat as unadon, eat with spice and eat as chazuke.
-
Kishimen noodle soup
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Miso katsu
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Miso nikomi udon
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Tenmusu
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Hitsumabushi
Sports[link]
Nagoya is home to several professional sports teams:
| Club | Sport | League | Venue | Established |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chunichi Dragons | Baseball | Central League | Nagoya Dome | 1936 |
| Nagoya Grampus | Football | J. League | Mizuho Athletic Stadium, Toyota Stadium |
1993 |
| Nagoya Oceans | Futsal | F. League | Taiyo Yakuhin Arena | 2006 |
In 2007, the Chunichi Dragons won the Japan Series baseball championship. In 2010, Nagoya Grampus won the J. League championship, their first in team history.
Nagoya is also home of the Shonai FC amateur football club and Nagoya Barbarians semi-pro rugby football club. Since 1984 the city has hosted the Nagoya Marathon; an annual marathon race for women.
A honbasho or sumo tournament is held every July at the Aichi Prefectural Gymnasium. See also The Crowns golf tournament.
International relations[link]
The Nagoya International Center promotes international exchange in the local community.
Sister cities[link]
Nagoya has five sister cities around the world:[16]
Los Angeles, United States
Mexico City, Mexico
Nanjing, China (suspended as of February 2012)
Sydney, Australia
Turin, Italy
The sister city relationship with Nanjing in China was suspended from February 21, 2012,[17] following public comments by Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura denying the Nanjing Massacre.[18]
Notable people[link]
Historical figures[link]
The three samurais who unified Japan in the 16th century all have strong links to Nagoya.
- Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582), from Nagoya Castle in Owari Province
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598), one of Oda Nobunaga's top generals
- Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), born in Mikawa Province, (the eastern half of modern Aichi prefecture)
Other samurais
- Minamoto no Yoritomo (the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate)
- Shibata Katsuie (samurai of the Sengoku Period)
- Niwa Nagahide (samurai of the Sengoku Period)
- Maeda Toshiie (samurai of the Sengoku Period)
- Katō Kiyomasa (samurai of the Sengoku Period)
- Sassa Narimasa (samurai of the Sengoku Period)
- Sakuma Nobumori (samurai of the Sengoku Period)
- Sakuma Morimasa (samurai of the Sengoku Period)
- Maeda Toshimasu (Maeda Keijirō, samurai of the Sengoku Period)
Inventors and industrialists[link]
- Sakichi Toyoda (1867–1930) a prolific inventor from Shizuoka Prefecture
- Kiichiro Toyoda (1894–1952), son of Sakichi Toyoda, established Toyota Motor Corporation
- Akio Morita (1921–1999), co-founder of Sony
Executive officers[link]
Writers[link]
- Yokoi Yayū (1702–1783), haiku poet and Samurai in Owari Domain
- Asahi Monzaemon, a Genroku samurai in Nagoya and left a diary spanning the years 1684-1717
Musicians and composers[link]
- Spyair
- Kiyoharu
- Koji Kondo
- Seamo
- Kazuki Kato
- Lullatone
- Jasmine You
- Shinichi Suzuki
- nobodyknows+
- SKE48
Actors[link]
- Naoko Mori
- The Nose sisters: Anna, Erena, and Karina
- Hiroshi Tamaki
Sports stars[link]
Manga artists[link]
Nagoya in films[link]
Nagoya, especially Nagoya Castle, has been featured in three Godzilla movies, King Kong vs. Godzilla, Mothra vs. Godzilla, and Godzilla vs. Mothra. The city is also featured in the Gamera movie, Gamera vs. Gyaos and the main setting of the 2003 film Gozu, the 1995 film The Hunted starring Christopher Lambert, and the 1993 film Mr. Baseball starring Tom Selleck. Nagoya was the setting for the 2007 movie, Ashita e no yuigon (translated as Best Wishes for Tomorrow), in which a Japanese war criminal sets out to take responsibility for the execution of U.S. Airmen.[19]
References[link]
- ^ http://www.city.nagoya.jp/global/en/ Nagoya's official English Name
- ^ "平成23年6月1日現在の世帯数と人口(全市・区別)" (in Japanese). http://www.city.nagoya.jp/somu/page/0000025344.html. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ "Population of Japan". Japanese Statistics Bureau. 2000. http://www.stat.go.jp/English/data/kokusei/2000/final/hyodai.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ "Kiyosu Castle". http://www.city.kiyosu.aichi.jp/en/sightseeing01.html. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
- ^ Preston John Hubbard (1990). Apocalypse Undone. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 199. http://books.google.com/books?id=nucrbGjY_GoC&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=nagoya+bombing&source=bl&ots=9tlAhszPyD&sig=HD6F1I5ush1AN0iQ_XhZSt9Zpf4&hl=en&ei=S3o9S6OSNZWekQX0n_XvCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CCAQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=nagoya%20bombing&f=false.
- ^ 21st Bomber Command, Tactical Mission Report NO. 44, ocr.pdf, March 20, 1945.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Midland Square". 2006-12. http://www.nic-nagoya.or.jp/en/inandaroundnagoya/midland%20square.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ "The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Money Museum". Nagoya International Center. http://www.nic-nagoya.or.jp/en/inandaroundnagoya/money_museum.htm.
- ^ "気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）". Japan Meteorological Agency. http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=51&prec_ch=%88%A4%92m%8C%A7&block_no=47636&block_ch=%96%BC%8C%C3%89%AE&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view=.
- ^ "平成22年12月1日現在の世帯数と人口(全市・区別) [Population and Number of Households as of 1 December, Heisei 22]" (in Japanese). Nagoya City. 20 December 2010. http://www.city.nagoya.jp/somu/page/0000019808.html. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
- ^ "Report of Chubu Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry METI (in Japanese)" (PDF). http://www.chubu.meti.go.jp/tyosa/point/data/point-nagoya.pdf.
- ^ "Greater Nagoya Initiative, Industry, Innovation". http://www.greaternagoya.org/html_en/ind_03.html.
- ^ "GREATER NAGOYA INITIATIVE, Industry, Growth Sectors". http://www.greaternagoya.org/html_en/ind_05.html.
- ^ "Yamasa.org's Tokugawa Art Museum page". http://www.yamasa.org/japan/english/destinations/aichi/tokugawa_artmuseum.html.
- ^ "Nagoya's Sister Cities". http://www.nsca.gr.jp. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
- ^ Wang, Chuhan (22 February 2012). "Nanjing suspends official contact with Nagoya". CNTV. http://english.cntv.cn/20120222/107289.shtml.
- ^ Fackler, Martin (22 February 2012). "Chinese City Severs Ties After Japanese Mayor Denies Massacre". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/chinese-city-severs-ties-after-japanese-mayor-denies-massacre.html. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1052343/
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nagoya |
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Nagoya. |
- Official website (Japanese)
- Official website (English)
- Nagoya Information Navi
- WikiSatellite view of Nagoya at WikiMapia
- Nagoya International Center
- Useful Nagoya-city Guide in English
- Nagoya travel guide from Wikitravel
- Nagoya InfoGuide
- Nagoya Avenues magazine, history and culture of central Japan including Nagoya region
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagoya
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| Hodgy Beats | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Gerard Damien Long |
| Also known as | Higashi Miyagi, Hype, Hodgy Long, Bodgy Heats, Hodgy Daddies |
| Born | (1990-11-09) November 9, 1990 (age 21) Trenton, New Jersey |
| Origin | Pasadena, California, United States |
| Genres | Alternative hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper, Producer |
| Instruments | Vocals, Keyboards |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Labels | Odd Future Records, Fat Possum Records |
| Associated acts | Left Brain, OFWGKTA, MellowHype, Pusha T, M.E.D. Juicy J, Dat Nigga DeWayne Ward, |
| Website | http://www.hodgybeats.tumblr.com |
Gerard Damien Long (born November 9, 1990), better known by his stage name Hodgy Beats, is an American rapper and producer. He is a member of the hip hop collective OFWGKTA as the duo MellowHype with Left Brain.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Gerard Long was born in Trenton ,New Jersey, New Jersey, and was raised in Trenton, New Jersey. He is of African American and Filipino descent. At the age of eight, he moved to Southern California after his mom got married.[1] He attended Pasadena High School in Pasadena, California.
On August 1, 2011, his long-time girlfriend Cortney Brown gave birth to their son, named Trenton.[2]
Music career[link]
Hodgy Beats was an original member of OFWGKTA along with Tyler, the Creator, fellow MellowHype member Left Brain, The Super 3, Jasper Dolphin and Casey Veggies.
Hodgy was the first member of Odd Future to release a solo record, The Dena Tape, in 2009.
On April 5, 2011, MellowHype performed the song "64" on the Fuel TV program The Daily Habit with Bass Drum of Death.
Mellowhype also performed their song "65" for the BBC music showcase.[3]
Hodgy Beats has been featured on various albums including Bastard, Goblin, Earl, Rolling Papers, and The OF Tape Vol. 2.
He recently worked on a song with Nas for his upcoming album 'Life Is Good'. Hodgy also worked on a song with Pusha T for his upcoming Fear of God 2: Let Us Pray, although it is not featured in the newly released track list. He also appeared on "Outta Control", a song from Stones Throw rapper M.E.D.'s album Classic, produced by fellow Los Angeles native Madlib.
Hodgy released "Untitled EP" on February, 24 2012; it contained 9 songs.[4]
Hodgy made his television debut on Loiter Squad as an Aztec Warrior, in the ninth episode.
Discography[link]
Solo[link]
- The Dena Tape (2009)
- Untitled EP (2012)
- Rock/Slab (TBA)
- Damien (TBA)
With Left Brain (as Mellowhype)[link]
Main article: MellowHype Discography
- YelloWhite (2010)
- BlackenedWhite (2011)
- Numbers (2012)
With OFWGKTA[link]
- The Odd Future Tape (2008)
- Radical (2010)
- 12 Odd Future Songs (2011)
- The Odd Future Tape Vol. 2 (2012)
References[link]
- ^ Phillips, Rashad. "MellowHype: Chordaroy Life", HipHopDX, July 15, 2011. Accessed March 30, 2012. "DX: Now as far as the L.A. scene, I read that you are actually from out East. Hodgy Beats: Yeah, I was born in East Lawrence, New Jersey and raised in Trenton until I was eight."
- ^ "Hodgy Beats became a father". All West Everything. August 1, 2011. http://www.allwesteverything.com/2011/08/baby-news-guess-which-odd-future-member-just-became-a-father/.
- ^ "MellowHype: '65' - Video - Boxden.com". http://slumz.boxden.com/f87/mellowhype-65-bbc-music-showcase-1540496/. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ^ http://www.pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/16355-untitled-ep/
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Stephen Michael "Steve" Reich ( /ˈraɪʃ/;[1] born October 3, 1936) is an American composer who is one of the pioneering composers of minimal music along with La Monte Young, Terry Riley, and Philip Glass.[2][3][4]
His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns (examples are his early compositions, "It's Gonna Rain" and "Come Out"), and the use of simple, audible processes to explore musical concepts (for instance, "Pendulum Music" and "Four Organs"). These compositions, marked by their use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm and canons, have significantly influenced contemporary music, especially in the US. Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably the Grammy Award-winning Different Trains.
Reich's style of composition influenced many other composers and musical groups. Reich has been described, in The Guardian by music critic Andrew Clements, as one of "a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history",[5] and the critic Kyle Gann has said Reich "may...be considered, by general acclamation, America's greatest living composer."[6]
On January 25, 2007, Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize, together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins. On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Double Sextet.[7]
Contents |
Career[link]
Early life[link]
Reich was born in New York City to the Broadway lyricist June Sillman. When he was one year old, his parents divorced, and Reich divided his time between New York and California. He was given piano lessons as a child and describes growing up with the "middle-class favorites", having no exposure to music written before 1750 or after 1900. At the age of 14 he began to study music in earnest, after hearing music from the Baroque period and earlier, as well as music of the 20th century. Reich studied drums with Roland Kohloff in order to play jazz. While attending Cornell University, he took some music courses, but he graduated in 1957 with a B.A. in Philosophy. Reich's B.A. thesis was on Ludwig Wittgenstein; later he would set texts by that philosopher to music in Proverb (1995) and You Are (variations) (2006).
For a year following graduation, Reich studied composition privately with Hall Overton before he enrolled at Juilliard to work with William Bergsma and Vincent Persichetti (1958–1961). Subsequently he attended Mills College in Oakland, California, where he studied with Luciano Berio and Darius Milhaud (1961–1963) and earned a master's degree in composition. At Mills, Reich composed Melodica for melodica and tape, which appeared in 1986 on the three-LP release Music from Mills.[8]
Reich worked with the San Francisco Tape Music Center along with Pauline Oliveros, Ramon Sender, Morton Subotnick, and Terry Riley.[9] He was involved with the premiere of Riley's In C and suggested the use of the eighth note pulse, which is now standard in performance of the piece.
1960s[link]
Reich's early forays into composition involved experimentation with twelve-tone composition, but he found the rhythmic aspects of the twelve-tone series more interesting than the melodic aspects.[10] Reich also composed film soundtracks for Plastic Haircut, Oh Dem Watermelons, and Thick Pucker, three films by Robert Nelson. The soundtrack of Plastic Haircut, composed in 1963, was a short tape collage, possibly Reich's first. The Watermelons soundtrack used two old Stephen Foster minstrel tunes as its basis, and used repeated phrasing together in a large five-part canon. The music for Thick Pucker arose from street recordings Reich made walking around San Francisco with Nelson, who filmed in black and white 16mm. This film no longer survives. A fourth film from 1965, about 25 minutes long and tentatively entitled "Thick Pucker II", was assembled by Nelson from outtakes of that shoot and more of the raw audio Reich had recorded. Nelson was not happy with the resulting film and never showed it.
Reich was influenced by fellow minimalist Terry Riley, whose work In C combines simple musical patterns, offset in time, to create a slowly shifting, cohesive whole. Reich adopted this approach to compose his first major work, It's Gonna Rain. Composed in 1965, the piece used a fragment of a sermon about the end of the world given by a black Pentecostal street-preacher known as Brother Walter. Reich built on his early tape work, transferring the last three words of the fragment, "it's gonna rain!", to multiple tape loops which gradually move out of phase with one another.
The 13-minute "Come Out" (1966) uses similarly manipulated recordings of a single spoken line given by Daniel Hamm, one of the falsely accused Harlem Six, who was severely injured by police. The survivor, who had been beaten, punctured a bruise on his own body to convince police about his beating. The spoken line includes the phrase "to let the bruise’s blood come out to show them." Reich rerecorded the fragment "come out to show them" on two channels, which are initially played in unison. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens and becomes a reverberation. The two voices then split into four, looped continuously, then eight, and continues splitting until the actual words are unintelligible, leaving the listener with only the speech's rhythmic and tonal patterns.
A similar, lesser known example of process music is "Pendulum Music" (1968), which consists of the sound of several microphones swinging over the loudspeakers to which they are attached, producing feedback as they do so. "Pendulum Music" has never been recorded by Reich himself, but was introduced to rock audiences by Sonic Youth in the late 1990s.
Reich's first attempt at translating this phasing technique from recorded tape to live performance was the 1967 Piano Phase, for two pianos. In Piano Phase the performers repeat a rapid twelve-note melodic figure, initially in unison. As one player keeps tempo with robotic precision, the other speeds up very slightly until the two parts line up again, but one sixteenth note apart. The second player then resumes the previous tempo. This cycle of speeding up and then locking in continues throughout the piece; the cycle comes full circle three times, the second and third cycles using shorter versions of the initial figure. Violin Phase, also written in 1967, is built on these same lines. Piano Phase and Violin Phase both premiered in a series of concerts given in New York art galleries.
Reich also tried to create the phasing effect in a piece "that would need no instrument beyond the human body". He found that the idea of phasing was inappropriate for the simple ways he was experimenting to make sound. Instead, he composed Clapping Music (1972), in which the players do not phase in and out with each other, but instead one performer keeps one line of a 12-quaver-long (12-eighth-note-long) phrase and the other performer shifts by one quaver beat every 12 bars, until both performers are back in unison 144 bars later.
The 1967 prototype piece Slow Motion Sound was not performed although Chris Hughes performed it 27 years later as "Slow Motion Blackbird" on his Reich-influenced 1994 album Shift. It introduced the idea of slowing down a recorded sound until many times its original length without changing pitch or timbre, which Reich applied to Four Organs (1970), which deals specifically with augmentation. The piece has maracas playing a fast eighth note pulse, while the four organs stress certain eighth notes using an 11th chord. This work therefore dealt with repetition and subtle rhythmic change. It is unique in the context of Reich's other pieces in being linear as opposed to cyclic like his earlier works— the superficially similar Phase Patterns, also for four organs but without maracas, is (as the name suggests) a phase piece similar to others composed during the period. Four Organs was performed as part of a Boston Symphony Orchestra program, and was Reich's first composition to be performed in a large traditional setting.
1970s[link]
In 1971, Reich embarked on a five-week trip to study music in Ghana, during which he learned from the master drummer Gideon Alorwoyie. Reich also studied Balinese gamelan in Seattle. From his African experience, as well as A. M. Jones's Studies in African Music about the music of the Ewe people, Reich drew inspiration for his 90-minute piece Drumming, which he composed shortly after his return. Composed for a nine-piece percussion ensemble with female voices and piccolo, Drumming marked the beginning of a new stage in his career, for around this time he formed his ensemble, Steve Reich and Musicians, and increasingly concentrated on composition and performance with them. Steve Reich and Musicians, which was to be the sole ensemble to interpret his works for many years, still remains active with many of its original members.
After Drumming, Reich moved on from the "phase shifting" technique that he had pioneered, and began writing more elaborate pieces. He investigated other musical processes such as augmentation (the temporal lengthening of phrases and melodic fragments). It was during this period that he wrote works such as Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973) and Six Pianos (1973).
In 1974, Reich began writing what many would call his seminal work, Music for 18 Musicians. This piece involved many new ideas, although it also hearkened back to earlier pieces. It is based on a cycle of eleven chords introduced at the beginning (called "Pulses"), followed by a small section of music based on each chord ("Sections I-XI"), and finally a return to the original cycle ("Pulses"). This was Reich's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles. The increased number of performers resulted in more scope for psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to "explore this idea further". Reich remarked that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes than any other work he had written. Steve Reich and Musicians made the premier recording of this work on ECM Records.
Reich explored these ideas further in his frequently recorded pieces Music for a Large Ensemble (1978) and Octet (1979). In these two works, Reich experimented with "the human breath as the measure of musical duration … the chords played by the trumpets are written to take one comfortable breath to perform".[11] Human voices are part of the musical palette in Music for a Large Ensemble but the wordless vocal parts simply form part of the texture (as they do in Drumming). With Octet and his first orchestral piece Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards (also 1979), Reich's music showed the influence of Biblical cantillation, which he had studied in Israel since the summer of 1977. After this, the human voice singing a text would play an increasingly important role in Reich's music.
| “ | The technique […] consists of taking pre-existing melodic patterns and stringing them together to form a longer melody in the service of a holy text. If you take away the text, you're left with the idea of putting together small motives to make longer melodies – a technique I had not encountered before.[12] | ” |
In 1974 Reich published a book, Writings About Music (ISBN 0814773583), containing essays on his philosophy, aesthetics, and musical projects written between 1963 and 1974. An updated and much more extensive collection, Writings On Music (1965–2000) (ISBN 0195111710), was published in 2002.
1980s[link]
Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage. Tehillim (1981), Hebrew for psalms, is the first of Reich's works to draw explicitly on his Jewish background. The work is in four parts, and is scored for an ensemble of four women's voices (one high soprano, two lyric sopranos and one alto), piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, two clarinets, six percussion (playing small tuned tambourines without jingles, clapping, maracas, marimba, vibraphone and crotales), two electronic organs, two violins, viola, cello and double bass, with amplified voices, strings, and winds. A setting of texts from psalms 19:2–5 (19:1–4 in Christian translations), 34:13–15 (34:12–14), 18:26–27 (18:25–26), and 150:4–6, Tehillim is a departure from Reich's other work in its formal structure; the setting of texts several lines long rather than the fragments used in previous works makes melody a substantive element. Use of formal counterpoint and functional harmony also contrasts with the loosely structured minimalist works written previously.
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25 seconds of "Electric Counterpoint III Fast" performed by Pat Metheny. Composed by Steve Reich. From "Different Trains/Electric Counterpoint" album.
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Different Trains (1988), for string quartet and tape, uses recorded speech, as in his earlier works, but this time as a melodic rather than a rhythmic element. In Different Trains Reich compares and contrasts his childhood memories of his train journeys between New York and California in 1939–1941 with the very different trains being used to transport contemporaneous European children to their deaths under Nazi rule. The Kronos Quartet recording of Different Trains was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition in 1990. The composition was described by Richard Taruskin as "the only adequate musical response—one of the few adequate artistic responses in any medium—to the Holocaust", and he credited the piece with earning Reich a place among the great composers of the 20th century.[13]
1990s to present[link]
In 1993, Reich collaborated with his wife, the video artist Beryl Korot, on an opera, The Cave, which explores the roots of Judaism, Christianity and Islam through the words of Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans, echoed musically by the ensemble. The work, for percussion, voices, and strings, is a musical documentary, named for the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, where a mosque now stands and Abraham is said to have been buried. The two collaborated again on the opera Three Tales, which concerns the Hindenburg disaster, the testing of nuclear weapons on Bikini Atoll, and other more modern concerns, specifically Dolly the sheep, cloning, and the technological singularity.
As well as pieces using sampling techniques, like Three Tales and City Life (1994), Reich also returned to composing purely instrumental works for the concert hall, starting with Triple Quartet (1998) written for the Kronos Quartet that can either be performed by string quartet and tape, three string quartets or 36-piece string orchestra. According to Reich, the piece is influenced by Bartók's and Alfred Schnittke's string quartets, and Michael Gordon's Yo Shakespeare.[14] This series continued with Dance Patterns (2002), Cello Counterpoint (2003), and sequence of works centered around Variations: You Are (Variations) (2004) (a work which looks back to the vocal writing of works like Tehillim or The Desert Music), Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings (2005, for the London Sinfonietta) and Daniel Variations (2006).
Invited by Walter Fink, he was the 12th composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 2002.
In an interview with The Guardian, Reich stated that he continues to follow this direction with his piece Double Sextet (2007) commissioned by eighth blackbird, an American ensemble consisting of the instrumental quintet (flute, clarinet, violin or viola, cello and piano) of Schoenberg's piece Pierrot Lunaire (1912) plus percussion. Reich states that he was thinking about Stravinsky's Agon (1957) as a model for the instrumental writing.
Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music, on April 20, 2009, for Double Sextet.[15]
December 2010 NoneSuch and Indaba Music held a community remix contest where over 250 submissions were received, and Steve Reich and Christian Carey judged the finals. Reich spoke in a related BBC interview that once he composed a piece he would not alter it again himself; "when it's done, it's done". On the other hand he acknowledged that "remixes" have an old tradition e.g. famous religious music pieces where melodies were further developed into new songs.[16]
In May 2011, Steve Reich received an honorary doctorate from the New England Conservatory of Music.[17]
Influence[link]
Reich's style of composition has influenced many other composers and musical groups, including John Adams, the progressive rock band King Crimson, the new-age guitarist Michael Hedges, the art-pop and electronic musician Brian Eno, the experimental art/music group The Residents, the composers associated with the Bang on a Can festival (including David Lang, Michael Gordon, and Julia Wolfe), and numerous indie rock musicians including songwriter Sufjan Stevens[18][19] and instrumental ensembles Tortoise,[20][21][22] The Mercury Program (themselves influenced by Tortoise),[23] So Many Dynamos, Do Make Say Think and A Silver Mt. Zion.[citation needed] Godspeed You! Black Emperor composed a song, unreleased, entitled "Steve Reich".[24]
John Adams commented, "He didn't reinvent the wheel so much as he showed us a new way to ride."[25] He has also influenced visual artists such as Bruce Nauman, and many notable choreographers have made dances to his music, Eliot Feld, Jiří Kylián, Douglas Lee and Jerome Robbins among others; he has expressed particular admiration of Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's work set to his pieces.
In featuring a sample of Reich's Electric Counterpoint (1987) the British ambient techno act the Orb exposed a new generation of listeners to the composer's music with its 1990 production “Little Fluffy Clouds.”[26] Further acknowledgment of Reich's influence on various electronic dance music producers came with the release in 1999 of the Reich Remixed[27] tribute album which featured reinterpretations by artists such as DJ Spooky, Kurtis Mantronik, Ken Ishii, and Coldcut, among others.[26]
Reich often cites Pérotin, J.S. Bach, Debussy, Bartók, and Stravinsky as composers he admires, whose tradition he wished as a young composer to become part of.[28] Jazz is a major part of the formation of Reich's musical style, and two of the earliest influences on his work were vocalists Ella Fitzgerald and Alfred Deller, whose emphasis on the artistic capabilities of the voice alone with little vibrato or other alteration was an inspiration to his earliest works. John Coltrane's style, which Reich has described as "playing a lot of notes to very few harmonies", also had an impact; of particular interest was the album Africa/Brass, which "was basically a half-an-hour in F."[29] Reich's influence from jazz includes its roots, also, from the West African music he studied in his readings and visit to Ghana. Other important influences are Kenny Clarke and Miles Davis, and visual artist friends such as Sol LeWitt and Richard Serra. Reich recently contributed the introduction to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture (The MIT Press, 2008) edited by Paul D. Miller, a.k.a. DJ Spooky.
Recent projects[link]
Reich has the world premiere of a piece, WTC 9/11, written for String Quartet and Tape, a similar instrumentation to that of Different Trains. It premiered in March 2011 by the Kronos Quartet, at Duke University, North Carolina, USA.[citation needed]
Quotations[link]
[...] I drove a cab in San Francisco, and in New York I worked as a part-time social worker. Phil Glass and I had a moving company for a short period of time. I did all kinds of odd jobs [...] I started making a living as a performer in my own ensemble. I would never have thought that it was how I was going to survive financially. It was a complete wonder.
—From an interview with Richard Kessler, 1998[30]
The point is, if you went to Paris and dug up Debussy and said, 'Excusez-moi Monsieur…are you an impressionist?' he'd probably say 'Merde!' and go back to sleep. That is a legitimate concern of musicologists, music historians, and journalists, and it's a convenient way of referring to me, Riley, Glass, La Monte Young [...] it's become the dominant style. But, anybody who's interested in French Impressionism is interested in how different Debussy and Ravel and Satie are—and ditto for what's called minimalism. [...] Basically, those kind of words are taken from painting and sculpture, and applied to musicians who composed at the same period as that painting and sculpture was made [...].
—From an Interview with Rebecca Y. Kim, 2000[31]
All musicians in the past, starting with the middle ages were interested in popular music. (...) Béla Bartók's music is made entirely of sources from Hungarian folk music. And Igor Stravinsky, although he lied about it, used all kinds of Russian sources for his early ballets. Kurt Weill's great masterpiece Dreigroschenoper is using the cabaret-style of the Weimar Republic and that's why it is such a masterpiece. Only artificial division between popular and classical music happened unfortunately through the blindness of Arnold Schoenberg and his followers to create an artificial wall, which never existed before him. In my generation we tore the wall down and now we are back to the normal situation, for example if Brian Eno or David Bowie come to me, and if popular musicians remix my music like The Orb or DJ Spooky it is a good thing. This is a natural normal regular historical way.
—From an Interview with Jakob Buhre[32]
Works[link]
- Soundtrack for The Plastic Haircut, tape (1963)
- Music for two or more pianos (1964)
- Livelihood (1964)
- It's Gonna Rain, tape (1965)
- Soundtrack for Oh Dem Watermelons, tape (1965)
- Come Out, tape (1966)
- Melodica, for melodica and tape (1966)
- Reed Phase, for soprano saxophone and tape (1966)
- Piano Phase for two pianos, or two marimbas (1967)
- Slow Motion Sound concept piece (1967)
- Violin Phase for violin and tape or four violins (1967)
- My Name Is for three tape recorders and performers (1967)
- Pendulum Music for 3 or 4 microphones, amplifiers and loudspeakers (1968) (revised 1973)[33]
- Four Organs for four electric organs and maracas (1970)
- Phase Patterns for four electric organs (1970)
- Drumming for 4 pairs of tuned bongo drums, 3 marimbas, 3 glockenspiels, 2 female voices, whistling and piccolo (1970/1971)
- Clapping Music for two musicians clapping (1972)
- Music for Pieces of Wood for five pairs of tuned claves (1973)
- Six Pianos (1973) – transcribed as Six Marimbas (1986)
- Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973)
- Music for 18 Musicians (1974–76)
- Music for a Large Ensemble (1978)
- Octet (1979) – withdrawn in favor of the 1983 revision for slightly larger ensemble, Eight Lines
- Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards for orchestra (1979)
- Tehillim for voices and ensemble (1981)
- Vermont Counterpoint for amplified flute and tape (1982)
- The Desert Music for chorus and orchestra or voices and ensemble (1983, text by William Carlos Williams)
- Sextet for percussion and keyboards (1984)
- New York Counterpoint for amplified clarinet and tape, or 11 clarinets and bass clarinet (1985)
- Three Movements for orchestra (1986)
- Electric Counterpoint for electric guitar or amplified acoustic guitar and tape (1987, for Pat Metheny)
- The Four Sections for orchestra (1987)
- Different Trains for string quartet and tape (1988)
- The Cave for four voices, ensemble and video (1993, with Beryl Korot)
- Duet for two violins and string ensemble (1993)
- Nagoya Marimbas for two marimbas (1994)
- City Life for amplified ensemble (1995)
- Proverb for voices and ensemble (1995, text by Ludwig Wittgenstein)
- Triple Quartet for amplified string quartet (with prerecorded tape), or three string quartets, or string orchestra (1998)
- Know What Is Above You for four women’s voices and 2 tamborims (1999)
- Three Tales for video projection, five voices and ensemble (1998–2002, with Beryl Korot)
- Dance Patterns for 2 xylophones, 2 vibraphones and 2 pianos (2002)
- Cello Counterpoint for amplified cello and multichannel tape (2003)
- You Are (Variations) for voices and ensemble (2004)
- For Strings (with Winds and Brass) for orchestra (1987/2004)
- Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings dance piece for three string quartets, four vibraphones, and two pianos (2005)
- Daniel Variations for four voices and ensemble (2006)
- Double Sextet for 2 violins, 2 cellos, 2 pianos, 2 vibraphones, 2 clarinets, 2 flutes or ensemble and pre-recorded tape (2007)
- 2x5 for 2 drum sets, 2 pianos, 4 electric guitars and 2 bass guitars (2008)
- Mallet Quartet for 2 marimbas and 2 vibraphones or 4 marimbas (or solo percussion and tape) (2009)
- WTC 9/11 for String Quartet and Tape (2010)
Selected discography[link]
- Drumming. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: Deutsche Grammophon and Nonesuch) So Percussion (Cantaloupe)
- Music for 18 Musicians. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: ECM and Nonesuch), Grand Valley State University New Music Ensemble (Innova), Ensemble Modern (RCA).
- Octet/Music for a Large Ensemble/Violin Phase. Steve Reich and Musicians (ECM)
- Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards/Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ/ Six Pianos. San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, Edo de Waart, Steve Reich & Musicians (Deutsche Grammophon)
- Tehillim/The Desert Music. Alarm Will Sound and OSSIA, Alan Pierson (Cantaloupe)
- Different Trains/Electric Counterpoint. Kronos Quartet, Pat Metheny (Nonesuch)
- You Are (Variations)/Cello Counterpoint. Los Angeles Master Chorale, Grant Gershon, Maya Beiser (Nonesuch)
- Steve Reich: Works 1965-1995. Various performers (Nonesuch).
- Daniel Variations, with Variations for Vibes, Pianos and Strings. London Sinfonietta, Grant Gershon, Alan Pierson (Nonesuch)
- Double Sextet/2x5, Eighth Blackbird and Bang on a Can (Nonesuch)
- Piano Phase, transcribed for guitar, Alexandre Gérard (Catapult)
- Phase to Face, a film documentary about Steve Reich by Eric Darmon & Franck Mallet (EuroArts) DVD
Further reading[link]
- D.J. Hoek. Steve Reich: A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Press, 2002.
- Steve Reich. Writings about Music. Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 1974.
- K. Robert Schwarz. Minimalists. Phaidon Press, 1996.
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Say How? A Pronunciation Guide to Names of Public Figures". National Library Service. May 2006. http://www.loc.gov/nls/other/sayhow.html#r. Retrieved October 15, 2009. See also here [1] and here (sound clip).
- ^ Mertens, W. (1983), American Minimal Music, Kahn & Averill, London, (p.11).
- ^ Michael Nyman, writing in the preface of Mertens' book refers to the style as "so called minimal music"(ibid p.8).
- ^ "The term 'minimal music' is generally used to describe a style of music that developed in America in the late 1960s and 1970s; and that was initially connected with the composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass." Sitsky, L. (2002), Music of the twentieth-century avant-garde: a biocritical sourcebook,Greenwood Press, Westport, CT. (p.361)
- ^ "Radio 3 Programmes - Composer of the Week, Steve Reich (b.1936), Episode 1". BBC. 2010-10-25. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vct73. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ Gann, Kyle (July 13, 1999). "Grand Old Youngster". The Village Voice. http://www.villagevoice.com/1999-07-13/music/grand-old-youngster. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
- ^ "Pulitzer Prize for Music citation 2009". Pulitzer.org. http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2009-Music. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ Music from Mills at Allmusic
- ^ Bernstein, David (2008). The San Francisco Tape Music Center. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24892-2.
- ^ Malcolm Ball on Steve Reich
- ^ Liner notes for Music for a Large Ensemble
- ^ Schwarz, K. Robert. Minimalists, Phaidon Press, 1996, p.84 and p.86.
- ^ Taruskin, Richard (August 24, 1997). "A Sturdy Musical Bridge to the 21st Century". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4D91F3FF937A1575BC0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
- ^ "From New York to Vermont: Conversation with Steve Reich". Stevereich.com. http://www.stevereich.com/articles/NY-VT.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ "2009 Pulitzer Prizes for Letters, Drama and Music", The New York Times, April 20, 2009.
- ^ "Steve Reich Remix Contest - 2x5 Movement 3". Indaba Music. http://www.indabamusic.com/opportunities/steve-reich-remix-contest. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ "Commencement 2011 | New England Conservatory". Necmusic.edu. http://necmusic.edu/commencement-2011. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ Wise, Brian (2006). "Steve Reich @ 70 on WNYC". WNYC. http://www.wnyc.org/music/articles/66792. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
- ^ Joana de Belém (November 12, 2006). "O passado e o presente de Steve Reich no Porto" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. http://dn.sapo.pt/2006/11/12/artes/o_passado_presente_steve_reich_porto.html. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
- ^ Hutlock, Todd (September 1, 2006). "Tortoise – A Lazarus Taxon". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on September 17, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060917055800/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/tortoise/a-lazarus-taxon.htm. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
- ^ Ratliff, Ben (March 23, 1998). "TNT : Tortoise : Review". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/230069/review/5941937/tnt. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
- ^ "Performers: Tortoise (Illinois)". Guelph Jazz Festival. 2008. http://www.guelphjazzfestival.com/2008_season/performers/tortoise_illinois. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
- ^ Stratton, Jeff (May 10, 2001). "We Have Liftoff". Broward-Palm Beach New Times. http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2001-05-10/music/we-have-liftoff. Retrieved on September 27, 2008.
- ^ "sad". Brainwashed.com. http://brainwashed.com/godspeed/music.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ John Adams: "...For him, pulsation and tonality were not just cultural artifacts. They were the lifeblood of the musical experience, natural laws. It was his triumph to find a way to embrace these fundamental principles and still create a music that felt genuine and new. He didn't reinvent the wheel so much as he showed us a new way to ride." See for instance the articles section of the "Steve Reich Website". http://www.stevereich.com/. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
- ^ a b Emmerson, S. (2007), Music, Electronic Media, and Culture, Ashgate, Adlershot, p.68.
- ^ Reich Remixed: album track listing at www.discogs.com
- ^ "Questions from Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker & Answers from". Steve Reich. http://www.stevereich.com/articles/Anne_Teresa_de_Keersmaeker_intervies.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ "Steve Reich Interview with Gabrielle Zuckerman, July 2002". Musicmavericks.publicradio.org. http://musicmavericks.publicradio.org/features/interview_reich.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
- ^ "Steve Reich Interview (7/98) – Richard Kessler, Executive Director of the American Music Center, talks with Steve Reich". NewMusicBox. American Music Center. 1998-07. http://www.newmusicbox.org/archive/firstperson/reich/index.html. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
- ^ http://www.stevereich.com www.stevereich.com
- ^ Buhre, Jakob. Interview with Steve Reich: We tore the wall down, Planet Interview (August 14, 2000). Accessed September 20, 2006.
- ^ *Reich, Steve (1975 (New Edition)). Writings on Music. USA: New York University Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-8147-7357-5.
References[link]
- Potter, Keith (2000). Four Musical Minimalists: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass. Music in the Twentieth Century series. Cambridge, UK; New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Reich, Steve; Hillier, Paul (Editor) (April 1, 2002). Writings on Music, 1965–2000. USA: Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 0-19-511171-0.
- Reich, Steve (1974). Writings About Music. Halifax: Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design. p. 78. ISBN 0-919616-02-X.
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Steve Reich |
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- SteveReich.com – Official Website
- Boosey & Hawkes, Official Publisher: biography, works list, resources
- (French) A biography of Steve Reich, from IRCAM's website.
- London Steve Reich Ensemble – Official website
- Music and the Holocaust – Different Trains
- Interviews
- A Steve Reich Interview with Christopher Abbot
- Two interviews with Steve Reich by Bruce Duffie (October, 1985 & November, 1995)
- Steve Reich Interview (7/98) with Richard Kessler
- Time and Motion: an interview with Steve Reich, by Robert Davidson, 1999
- A Steve Reich Interview with Marc Weidenbaum, 1999
- "Drumming" – Interview & analysis, selected as one of the NPR 100 most important musical works of the 20th century. Realaudio format, timing: 12:46, July, 2000
- Steve Reich Interview with Jakob Buhre, August 2000
- In Conversation with Steve Reich, by Molly Sheridan, June 2002
- Steve Reich and Beryl Korot interviewed by David Allenby, 2002
- An interview in The Guardian, January 2, 2004
- The Next Phase: Steve Reich talks to Richard Kessler About Redefinition and Renewal, 2004
- "How Small a Thought it Takes to Fill a Whole Life" – An Interview with Not-So-Minimalist Composer Steve Reich on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2005
- A Steve Reich Interview with Hermann Kretzschmar on You Are (Variations), 2005
- The beaten track, an interview with Reich, by Andrew Clements, The Guardian, October 28, 2005
- An interview with Steve Reich on RTE television, National Broadcaster in Ireland, May 29, 2006
- An interview with Steve Reich on musicOMH.com, October 2006
- Interview: Steve Reich, by Joshua Klein, November 22, 2006.
- "Steve Reich at 70" from NPR Fresh Air broadcast October 6, 2006 includes interview about "It's Gonna Rain", "Drumming", and "Tehillim" that first aired in 1999 and another on "Different Trains" from 1989 (Realaudio format, timing: 39:25)
- "Video Interview (Feb. 2006)", Cité de la musique, Paris, France
- "Two Arts Beating As One" – Interviews with Steve Reich and his wife Beryl Korot with video and audio clips, May 2009
- Listening
- Steve Reich at UC Berkeley University Museum (November 7, 1970) Streaming audio
- Steve Reich at the Whitney "October 15, 2006" MP3
- Reich speaks about Daniel Variations for the South Bank Show
- Others
- Classical Music Pages: Steve Reich biography
- (French) A biography of Steve Reich, from IRCAM's website.
- A Description/documentary of Steve Reich from Duke University, includes sound samples and quotes
- EST: Steve Reich by Roger Sutherland
- Music as a Gradual Process by Steve Reich
- Steve Reich: You Are (Variations) premiere in LA (October 2004)
- New York Fetes Composer Steve Reich at 70 from NPR
- Fascinating rhythm. Celebrating Steve Reich. Article by Alex Ross from The New Yorker.
- Steve Reich & Sonny Rollins winners of the Polar Music Prize for 2007 Press release of Polar Prize announcement
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Reich, Steve |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American Composer |
| Date of birth | October 3, 1936 |
| Place of birth | New York City, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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