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Atlanta
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
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Austin, Texas
Austin (/ˈɒstɨn/ or /ˈɔːstɨn/) is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 14th most populous city in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. Austin has a population of 790,390 (2010 U.S. Census). The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area, which had an estimated population 1,783,519 (2011 U.S. Census), making it the 34th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.
In the 1830s, pioneers began to the settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River. After Republic of Texas Vice President Mirabeau B. Lamar visited the area during a buffalo-hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838, he proposed that the republic's capital then located in Houston, Texas, be relocated to the area situated on the north bank of the Colorado River near the present-day Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge. In 1839, the site was officially chosen as the republic's new capital (the republic's seventh and final location) and was incorporated under the name, Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas" and the republic's first secretary of state.
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Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham ( /ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham) is the largest city in Alabama. The city is the county seat of Jefferson County. According to the 2010 United States Census, Birmingham had a population of 212,237. The Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Area had a population of about 1,128,047 according to the 2010 Census, which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama's population.
Birmingham was founded in 1871, just after the American Civil War, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, former Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, and railroading. Birmingham was named for Birmingham, one of the major industrial cities of the United Kingdom. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city was planned as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast.
wn.com/Birmingham,_Alabama -
Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ (
listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
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Cedar Rapids, IA
Cedar Rapids ( /ˈsiːdər ˈræpɨdz/) is the second largest city in Iowa and is the county seat of Linn County. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 100 miles (160 km) east of Des Moines, the state's capital and largest city. City hall and the Linn County Courthouse are located on Mays Island in the Cedar River; Cedar Rapids is one of few cities in the world with governmental offices on a municipal island.
A flourishing center for arts and culture in Eastern Iowa, the city is home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library, the Paramount Theatre, Theatre Cedar Rapids, and the Iowa Cultural Corridor Alliance. Cedar Rapids is an economic hub of the state, located in the core of the Interstate 380 Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Technology Corridor of Linn, Benton, Jones, Johnson, and Washington counties. The estimated population of the three-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 255,452 in 2008. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was to 126,326. Cedar Rapids has been residence to famous figures for the United States, including American Gothic painter Grant Wood, journalist and historian William L. Shirer, writer and photographer Carl Van Vechten, and aerodynamics pioneer Dr. Alexander Lippisch. In the 1990s and 2000s, Hollywood would feature several Cedar Rapidians including actors Bobby Driscoll, Ashton Kutcher, Elijah Wood and Ron Livingston. The area has also produced a number of professional athletes such as Ryan Sweeney, Trent Green, and Kurt Warner. The city is also the setting for a musical, The Pajama Game and the comedy film Cedar Rapids.
wn.com/Cedar_Rapids,_IA -
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids ( /ˈsiːdər ˈræpɨdz/) is the second largest city in Iowa and is the county seat of Linn County. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 100 miles (160 km) east of Des Moines, the state's capital and largest city. City hall and the Linn County Courthouse are located on Mays Island in the Cedar River; Cedar Rapids is one of few cities in the world with governmental offices on a municipal island.
A flourishing center for arts and culture in Eastern Iowa, the city is home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library, the Paramount Theatre, Theatre Cedar Rapids, and the Iowa Cultural Corridor Alliance. Cedar Rapids is an economic hub of the state, located in the core of the Interstate 380 Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Technology Corridor of Linn, Benton, Jones, Johnson, and Washington counties. The estimated population of the three-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 255,452 in 2008. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was to 126,326. Cedar Rapids has been residence to famous figures for the United States, including American Gothic painter Grant Wood, journalist and historian William L. Shirer, writer and photographer Carl Van Vechten, and aerodynamics pioneer Dr. Alexander Lippisch. In the 1990s and 2000s, Hollywood would feature several Cedar Rapidians including actors Bobby Driscoll, Ashton Kutcher, Elijah Wood and Ron Livingston. The area has also produced a number of professional athletes such as Ryan Sweeney, Trent Green, and Kurt Warner. The city is also the setting for a musical, The Pajama Game and the comedy film Cedar Rapids.
wn.com/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa -
Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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Cincinnati
Cincinnati (pronounced /sɪnsɨˈnæti/) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Settled in 1788, the city is located north of the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border, near Indiana. The population within city limits was 296,943 according to the 2010 census, making it Ohio's third-largest city. According to the 2011 Census Bureau estimate, the Cincinnati metropolitan area had a population of 2,138,038, the 27th most populous Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the United States, and the most populous in Ohio. Residents of Cincinnati are called Cincinnatians.
In the early 19th century, Cincinnati was the first American boomtown in the heart of the country to rival the larger coastal cities in size and wealth. As the first major inland city in the country, it is sometimes thought of as the first purely American city. It developed initially without as much recent European immigration or influence as took place in eastern cities. However, by the end of the 19th century, with the shift from steamboats to railroads, Cincinnati's growth had slowed considerably and the city became surpassed in population and prominence by another inland city, Chicago.
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Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
As of the 2010 Census, the city proper had a total population of 396,815 and was the 45th largest city in the United States, and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2011 ranked as the 28th largest in the United States with 2,068,283 people. Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2011 had a population of 2,871,084, and ranked as the country's 15th largest.
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Columbus, Georgia
Columbus is a city in and the county seat of Muscogee County, Georgia, United States, with which it is consolidated. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 189,885. It is the principal city of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area, which, in 2009, had an estimated population of 292,795. It joins with the Auburn, Alabama metropolitan area to form the Columbus, Georgia-Auburn, Alabama Combined Statistical Area, which, in 2009, had an estimated population of 450,467. It is the third largest city and fourth largest metropolitan area in the state, and also the 123rd largest city in the United States.
Columbus lies 100 miles (160 km) south of Atlanta. Fort Benning, a major employer, is located south of the city in Chattahoochee County. The city is home to museums and other tourism sites. The area is served by the Columbus Airport. The current mayor is Teresa Tomlinson, who was elected in November 2010. The city was ranked number 4 on the 100 Best U.S. Cities to live by Best Life Magazine.
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Columbus, Ohio
Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the sixteenth largest city in the United States of America. It is the county seat of Franklin County, yet the city has expanded and annexed portions of adjoining Delaware County and Fairfield County. Named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. The city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, clothes, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology. Modern Columbus has emerged as a technologically sophisticated city. It is home to the world's largest private research and development foundation, the Battelle Memorial Institute; CAS, or Chemical Abstracts Service, the world's largest clearinghouse of chemical information; NetJets, the world's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet; and The Ohio State University, the nation's largest campus.
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Dayton, Ohio
Dayton ( /ˈdeɪtn/) is the 6th largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Montgomery County. At the 2010 census, the population was 141,527; the Dayton metropolitan area had 841,502 residents, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Ohio and the 61st largest in the United States. The Dayton-Springfield-Greenville Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,072,891 in 2010 and is the 43rd largest in the United States. Dayton is situated within the Miami Valley region of Ohio just north of the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky metropolitan area.
Ohio's borders are within 500 miles (805 km) of roughly 60% of the country's population and manufacturing infrastructure making the Dayton area a logistical centroid for manufacturers, suppliers, and shippers. Dayton also plays host to significant research and development in fields like industrial, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering that have led to many technological innovations. Much of this innovation is due in part to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its place within the community. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Dayton's businesses have diversified into a service economy that includes insurance and legal sectors as well as healthcare and government sectors.
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Denver
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Derry, New Hampshire
Derry is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 33,109 at the 2010 census. Although it is a town and not a city, Derry is the fourth most-populous community in New Hampshire. The town's nickname, "Space-town", derives from the fact that Derry is the birthplace of Alan Shepard, the first US astronaut in space. Derry was also for a time the home of the poet Robert Frost and his family.
The primary settlement in town, where 22,015 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Derry census-designated place (CDP) and includes the densely-populated portions of the town centered on the intersection of New Hampshire Route 28 and New Hampshire Route 102.
Although it was first settled by Scottish-Irish (also known as Ulster-Scots) families in 1719, Derry was not incorporated until 1827. It was originally a part of Londonderry, as was Windham and portions of Manchester, Salem and Hudson. The town was named after the city of Derry in Ireland, the Irish word "Doire" meaning "oak woods." The first potato planted in the United States was planted here in 1719. The town is the location of two of America's oldest private schools, Pinkerton Academy, founded in 1814 and still in operation, and the closed Adams Female Seminary.
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Des Moines, Iowa
Des Moines
i/dɨˈmɔɪn/ is the capital and the most populous city in the US state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small portion of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines which was shortened to "Des Moines" in 1857. It is named after the Des Moines River, which may have been adapted from the French Rivière des Moines, literally meaning "River of the Monks." The five-county metropolitan area is ranked 88th in terms of population in the United States with 569,633 residents according to the 2010 count by the United States Census Bureau. The city proper population was 203,433 at the 2010 census.
Des Moines is a major center for the insurance industry and also has a sizable financial services and publishing business base. In fact, Des Moines was credited with the "number one spot for U.S. insurance companies" in a Business Wire article. The city is the headquarters for the Principal Financial Group, Aviva insurance (West Des Moines) the Meredith Corporation, Ruan Transportation, EMC Insurance Companies, and Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield. Other major corporations such as Wells Fargo, ING Group, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, Marsh, Monsanto and Pioneer Hi-Bred have large operations in or near the metro area. Forbes magazine ranked Des Moines as the "Best Place for Business" in 2010 and, in 2011, ranked the city #1 among "America's Best Cities for Young Professionals."Kiplinger's Personal Finance 2008 Best Cities List featured Des Moines as #9. In November 2011, the city of Des Moines was listed as the #1 Greenest city for Women by Self Magazine.
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Dubuque, IA
Dubuquei/dəˈbjuːk/ is a city in and the county seat of Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, located along the Mississippi River. In 2010 its population was 57,637, a decrease of 0.1%, making it the ninth-largest city in the state and the county's population was 93,653.
The city lies at the junction of three states: Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin, a region locally known as the Tri-State Area. It serves as the main commercial, industrial, educational, and cultural center for the area. Geographically, it is part of the Driftless Area, a portion of North America that escaped all three phases of the Wisconsinian Glaciation.
One of the few large cities in Iowa with hills, it is a major tourist destination, attracted to the city's unique architecture and river location. Also, it is home to five institutions of higher education, making it a center for culture and learning.
While Dubuque has long been a center of manufacturing, the economy has recently had rapid growth and diversification in other areas. In 2005, the city led the state and the Midwest in job growth, ranking as the 22nd fastest-growing economy nationally. Today, alongside industry, the city has large health care, education, tourism, publishing, and financial service sectors.
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Eugene, Oregon
Eugene ( /juːˈdʒiːn/) is a major city in the state of Oregon. It is the second largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the county seat of Lane County. It is located at the south end of the Willamette Valley, near the confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette rivers, about 50 miles (80 km) east of the Oregon Coast.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Eugene has a population of 156,185, and Lane County (co-located with the Eugene-Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area) (MSA) has a population of 351,715. While Eugene has long been the second largest city in Oregon, it was briefly surpassed by Salem between 2005 and 2007. The Eugene-Springfield, Oregon MSA is the 144th largest metropolitan statistical area of the U.S, and the third largest in the state, behind the Portland Metropolitan Area and the Salem Metropolitan Area.
Eugene is home to the University of Oregon. The city is also noted for its natural beauty, recreational opportunities (especially bicycling, running/jogging, rafting, kayaking), focus on the arts, activist political leanings, and residents with "alternative" lifestyles. Eugene's slogan is "A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors." It is also referred to as the "Emerald City", and as "Track Town, USA." The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene.
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Evansville, Indiana
Evansville is the third-largest city in the U.S. state of Indiana and the largest city in Southern Indiana. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 117,429 and a metropolitan population of 358,676. It is the county seat of Vanderburgh County and the regional hub for both Southwestern Indiana and the Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky Tri-State Area.
Settled in 1812, the city is situated on a gentle horseshoe bend on the Ohio River and often referred to as "River City." One of the most popular attractions in the region is Casino Aztar, the first riverboat casino in the state of Indiana. Evansville is also home to both the University of Evansville and the University of Southern Indiana.
The broad economic base of the region has helped to build an economy which is known for its stability, diversity, and vitality. In 2004 Evansville was named an "All-America City" by the National Civic League. In 2008 it was voted the best city in the country in which "to live, work, and play" by the readers of Kiplinger, and in 2009 the 11th best.
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Fort Wayne, Indiana
Coordinates: 41°4′49.62″N 85°8′20.94″W / 41.08045°N 85.13915°W / 41.08045; -85.13915
Fort Wayne is a city in the US state of Indiana and the county seat of Allen County. The population was 253,691 at the 2010 Census making it the 74th largest city in the United States and the second largest in Indiana. The municipality is located in northeastern Indiana, approximately 18 miles (29 km) west of the Ohio border and 50 miles (80 km) south of the Michigan border.
Fort Wayne is the principal city of the Fort Wayne Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that encompasses Allen, Wells, and Whitley counties, for an estimated population of 419,453. In addition to those three counties, the Fort Wayne–Huntington–Auburn CSA, a combined statistical area, includes Adams, DeKalb, Huntington, and Noble counties, for a population of 615,077.
Under the direction of American Revolutionary War statesman General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, the United States Army built Fort Wayne last in a series of forts near the Miami Indian village of Kekionga in 1794. Named in Wayne's honor, Fort Wayne established itself at the confluence of the St. Joseph River, St. Marys River, and Maumee River as a trading post for European settlers. The village was platted in 1823 and experienced tremendous growth after completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal.
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Gulf Shores, Alabama
Gulf Shores is a coastal city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2000 Census, the population was 5,044. However, since the year 2000, Baldwin County as a whole, has experienced rapid population growth, second only to Shelby County in Alabama.
Gulf Shores is located at 30°16'4.069" North, 87°42'5.285" West (30.267797, -87.701468).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 23.0 square miles (59.6 km2), of which 18.4 square miles (47.7 km2) is land and 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,044 people, 2,344 households, and 1,544 families residing in the city. The population density was 274.3 per square mile (105.9 /km2). There were 6,810 housing units at an average density of 370.4 per square mile (143.0 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.54% White, 0.22% Black or African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. 1.23% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Honolulu
Honolulu /hoʊnoʊˈluːluː/ is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii. Honolulu is the southernmost major U.S. city. Although the name "Honolulu" refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and county government are consolidated as Honolulu County which covers the entire island. For statistical purposes, the U.S. Census Bureau recognizes the urban part of Honolulu as a census-designated place. Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands of the Pacific Ocean. The population of the census-designated place was 337,256 at the 2010 census, while the population of the city and county was 953,207. Honolulu is the most populous state capital relative to state population.
In the Hawaiian language, Honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter". The old name is said to be Kou, a district roughly encompassing the area from Nuuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city has been the capital of the Hawaiian islands since 1845 and gained historical recognition following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor near the city on December 7, 1941, and as the birthplace of Barack Obama, the 44th and current President of the United States.
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Huntsville, Alabama
Huntsville is a city located primarily in Madison County in the central part of the far northern region of the U.S. state of Alabama. Huntsville is the county seat of Madison County. The city extends west into neighboring Limestone County. Huntsville's population was 180,105 as of the 2010 Census. The Huntsville Metropolitan Area's population was 417,593. Huntsville is the fourth-largest city in Alabama and the largest city in the four-county Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area, which in 2008 had a total population of 545,770.
It grew across nearby hills and along the Tennessee River, adding textile mills, then munitions factories, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command nearby at the Redstone Arsenal. The National Trust for Historic Preservation named Huntsville to its "America's Dozen Distinctive Destinations for 2010" list.
Revolutionary War veteran John Hunt first settled in the land around the Big Spring in 1805. The area was subsequently purchased by LeRoy Pope, who named the area Twickenham after the home village of his distant kinsman Alexander Pope.
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Iowa City, IA
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa. Iowa City is located adjacent to the town of Coralville, and it surrounds the town of University Heights, with which it forms a contiguous urban area. Iowa City is the principal city of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Johnson County and Washington County, and this metropolitan area has a population of about 152,586.
Iowa City was the second capital of the Iowa Territory, and it was also the first capital city of the State of Iowa. The Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark, and it is a tourist attraction in the center of the campus of the University of Iowa, as well as being an integral part of the university. The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove, the home of the first Governor of Iowa, are other tourist attractions. In 2008, Forbes Magazine named Iowa City the second-best small metropolitan area for doing business in the United States.
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Iowa City, Iowa
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa. Iowa City is located adjacent to the town of Coralville, and it surrounds the town of University Heights, with which it forms a contiguous urban area. Iowa City is the principal city of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Johnson County and Washington County, and this metropolitan area has a population of about 152,586.
Iowa City was the second capital of the Iowa Territory, and it was also the first capital city of the State of Iowa. The Old Capitol building is a National Historic Landmark, and it is a tourist attraction in the center of the campus of the University of Iowa, as well as being an integral part of the university. The University of Iowa Art Museum and Plum Grove, the home of the first Governor of Iowa, are other tourist attractions. In 2008, Forbes Magazine named Iowa City the second-best small metropolitan area for doing business in the United States.
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KDFW
KDFW, virtual channel 4 (digital channel 35), is the Fox owned-and-operated television station in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex designated market area.
It is owned by Fox Television Stations, Inc. in a duopoly with MyNetworkTV affiliate KDFI (channel 27), and is also co-owned with Fox Sports Southwest, through parent company News Corporation. The station is licensed to Dallas and its studios and business offices are located downtown, with the station's transmitter located in Cedar Hill.
Coordinates: 32°46′55″N 96°48′11″W / 32.78194°N 96.80306°W / 32.78194; -96.80306
After the analog television shutdown of June 12, 2009, KDFW-DT remains on channel 35 PSIP is used to display KDFW's virtual channel as 4 on digital television receivers. Its analog signal was nightlighting until July 12, 2009.
The station signed on as CBS affiliate KRLD-TV on December 3, 1949, owned by the now-defunct Dallas Times Herald newspaper, which also operated KRLD radio (1080 kHz.). Channel 4 was the third television station in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex area to sign-on, following Dallas-based KBTV (now WFAA-TV, channel 8) earlier in 1949, and Fort Worth-based WBAP-TV (now KXAS-TV, channel 5) in 1948.
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Kerrville, Texas
Kerrville is a city in Kerr County, Texas, United States. The population was 20,425 at the 2000 census. In 2009, the population was 22,826. Kerrville is named after James Kerr, a major in the Texas Revolution, and friend of settler-founder Joshua Brown, who settled in the area to start a shingle-making camp.
Being nestled in the hills of Texas Hill Country, Kerrville is best known for its beautiful parks that line the Guadalupe River - which runs directly through the city, its nearby youth summer camps, hunting ranches, and RV parks. It is also the home of Texas' Official State Arts & Crafts Fair, the Kerrville Folk Festival, H-E-B Grocery Stores, Mooney Airplane Company, James Avery Jewelry, Kerrville Bus Company, and Schreiner University. The Museum of Western Art (founded 1983) features the work of living artists specializing in the themes of the American West.
Archeological evidence suggests that humans dwelled in the area known as Kerrville as early as 10,000 years ago. The early modern residents were successful shinglemakers whose mercantile business became a hub that served the middle and upper Hill Country area in the late 1840s. One of the earliest shinglemakers was Joshua D. Brown. With his family, Joshua Brown had led several other families on an exploration of the Guadalupe Valley. These early pioneers organized their settlements near a bluff just north of the Guadalupe River in the eastern half today's county line. The settlement was referred to as "Brownsborough," but after the area was formally platted in 1856 by James Kerr, a major in the Texas Revolution, the settlement was formally known as "Kerrville" and maintained a county seat with Texas.
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Lexington, Kentucky
Lexington (officially Lexington-Fayette Urban County) is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 63rd largest in the US. Known as the "Thoroughbred City" and the "Horse Capital of the World", it is located in the heart of Kentucky's Bluegrass region. In the 2010 Census the city's population was 295,803, anchoring a metropolitan area of 472,099 people and a Combined Statistical Area of 687,173 people.
Lexington ranks tenth among US cities in college education rate, with 39.5% of residents having at least a bachelor's degree. It is home to the headquarters of Tempur-Pedic, International, Lexmark International, the Kentucky Horse Park, Keeneland race course, Red Mile race course, Transylvania University, the University of Kentucky and Bluegrass Community & Technical College.
Lexington was selected as the site of the 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games.
Lexington was founded in June 1775 in what was then Virginia (17 years before Kentucky became a state in 1792). A party of frontiersmen, led by William McConnell, camped on the Middle Fork of Elkhorn Creek (today called Town Branch and rerouted under Vine Street) at the location known today as McConnell Springs. Upon hearing of the colonists' victory in the Battles of Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775, they named their campsite Lexington after Lexington, Massachusetts. Due to the danger of Indian attacks, permanent settlement was delayed for four years. In 1779, Colonel Robert Patterson and 25 companions came from Fort Harrod and erected a blockhouse. Cabins and a stockade were soon built, making the fort, known as Bryan Station, a place of importance. Colonists defended it against a British and American Indian attack in 1782, during the last part of the American Revolution.
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Lima, Ohio
Lima ( /ˈlaɪmə/) is a city in and the county seat of Allen County, Ohio, United States. The municipality is located in northwestern Ohio along Interstate 75 approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of Dayton and 78 miles (126 km) south-southwest of Toledo.
As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 38,771. It is the principal city of and is included in the Lima, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Lima-Van Wert–Wapakoneta, Ohio Combined Statistical Area. Lima was founded in 1831.
The Lima Army Tank Plant, built in 1941, is the sole producer of the M1 Abrams.
In the years after the American Revolution, the Shawnee were the most prominent residents of west central Ohio, growing in numbers and permanency after the 1794 Treaty of Greenville. By 1817, the United States had created the Hog Creek Reservation for the local Shawnee, covering portions of what would become Allen and Auglaize counties, and including part of present-day Lima.
The creation of the Shawnee reservation freed other lands in the area for settlement, and in February 1820, the Ohio legislature formally established Allen County. In 1831 the Shawnee were forced to surrender all their land in the area to the United States and relocated to Kansas, opening all of Allen County to settlement. The Ohio legislature mandated that a county seat be established. "Lima" was the result.
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Llano, Texas
Llano ( /ˈlænoʊ/ LAN-oh) is a city in Llano County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010, the city population was 3,232. It is the county seat of Llano County.
Llano is located at 30°45′03″N 98°40′48″W / 30.750953°N 98.680038°W / 30.750953; -98.680038 (30.750953, -98.680038). It is on the Llano River, 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Austin and 102 miles (164 km) north of San Antonio.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.4 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (5.53%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,325 people, 1,353 households, and 880 families residing in the city. The population density was 748.1 people per square mile (289.1/km2). There were 1,539 housing units at an average density of 346.3/sq mi (133.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.35% White, 0.57% African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 3.40% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.90% of the population.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers.
Memphis had a population of 662,897 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee, the third largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 20th largest in the United States. The greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2010 population of 1,316,100. This makes Memphis the second largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed only by metropolitan Nashville, which has overtaken Memphis in recent years. Memphis is the youngest of Tennessee's major cities. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as the "Mid-South".
Because it occupies a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis is a natural location for settlement. The area was first settled by the Mississippian Culture and then by the Chickasaw Indian tribe. For 10,000 years they occupied the bluffs along the river, building a large mound on the bluff. European exploration came later, beginning in the 16th century with Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle.
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Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
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Milwaukee
Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010. Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
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Mobile, Alabama
Mobile ( /moʊˈbiːl/ moh-BEEL) is the third most populous city in the Southern US state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County. It is located on the Mobile River and the central Gulf Coast of the United States. The population within the city limits was 195,111 during the 2010 census. It is the largest municipality on the Gulf Coast between New Orleans, Louisiana and St. Petersburg, Florida. Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), a region of 412,992 residents which is composed solely of Mobile County and is the second largest MSA in the state. Mobile is included in the Mobile-Daphne–Fairhope Combined Statistical Area with a total population of 591,599 the second largest combined statistical area in the state behind Birmingham.
Mobile began as the first capital of colonial French Louisiana in 1702. The city gained its name from the Native American Mobilian tribe that the French colonists found in the area of Mobile Bay. During its first 100 years, Mobile was a colony for France, then Britain, and lastly Spain. Mobile first became a part of the United States of America in 1810, with the annexation of West Florida under President James Madison. It then left that union in 1861 when Alabama joined the Confederate States of America, which collapsed in 1865.
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Montgomery, Alabama
Montgomery ( /mɒntˈɡʌməri/) is the capital of the US state of Alabama, and is the county seat of Montgomery County. It is located on the Alabama River southeast of the center of the state, in the Gulf Coastal Plain. As of the 2010 census, Montgomery had a population of 205,764 making it the second-largest city in Alabama, after Birmingham, and the 103rd largest in the United States. Montgomery is the primary city of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2010 estimated population of 374,536. It is the fourth-largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas.
The city was incorporated in 1819, as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River. It became the state capital in 1846, representing the shift of power to the south-central area with the growth of cotton as a commodity crop of the Black Belt and Mobile's rise as a mercantile port. In February 1861, Montgomery was selected as the first capital of the Confederate States of America, until the seat of government moved to Richmond, Virginia, in May of that year. During the mid-20th century, Montgomery was a major site of events in the African-American Civil Rights Movement, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches.
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Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville is the capital of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home to a large number of colleges and universities. It is most notably known as a center of the music industry, earning it the nickname "Music City".
Nashville has a consolidated city–county government which includes seven smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. As of the 2010 census the population of the city of Nashville, not including the semi-independent municipalities, stood at 601,222. The population of Davidson County as a whole, including all municipalities, was 626,681. Nashville is the second largest city in Tennessee, after Memphis, and the fourth largest city in the Southeastern United States. The 2010 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,589,934, making it the largest Metropolitan Statistical Area in the state. The 2010 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,670,890.
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Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez is the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi. With a total population of 18,464 (according to the 2000 census), it is the largest community and the only incorporated municipality within Adams County. Located on the Mississippi River, some 90 miles southwest of Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, and 85 miles north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, it is the eighteenth-largest city in the state. It is named for the Natchez tribe of Native Americans who lived in the vicinity through the arrival of Europeans in the eighteenth century.
Established by French colonists in 1716, Natchez is one of the oldest and most important European settlements in the lower Mississippi River Valley, and served as the capital of the Mississippi Territory and then the state of Mississippi. It antedates Jackson, which replaced Natchez as the capital in 1822, by more than a century. The strategic location of Natchez, on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River, ensured that it would become a pivotal center of trade, commerce, and the interchange of Native American, European, and African-American cultures in the region for the first two centuries of its existence. In U. S. history, it is recognized particularly for its role in the development of the Old Southwest during the first half of the nineteenth century. It was the southern terminus of the historic Natchez Trace, which provided many pilots of flatboats and keelboats a road back to their homes in the Ohio River Valley after unloading their cargo in the city. Today Natchez serves in the same capacity for the modern Natchez Trace Parkway, which commemorates this route.
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New Orleans
New Orleans ( /nuː ˈɔrliənz/ or /ˈnuː ɔrˈliːnz/, locally /nuː ˈɔrlənz/ or /ˈnɔrlənz/; French: La Nouvelle-Orléans [la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃] ( listen)) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city proper was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The New Orleans metropolitan area (New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,214,932.
The city is named after Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, and is well known for its distinct French Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the birthplace of jazz), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is often referred to as the "most unique" in America.
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
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Pensacola, Florida
Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the county seat of Escambia County, Florida, United States of America. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 51,923. Pensacola is the principal city of the Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent Metropolitan Statistical Area, an area with about 455,102 residents in 2009.
Pensacola is a sea port on Pensacola Bay, which connects to the Gulf of Mexico. A large United States Naval Air Station, the first in the United States, is located southwest of Pensacola (near the community of Warrington) and is home to the Blue Angels flight demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum. The main campus of the University of West Florida is situated north of the city center.
Pensacola is nicknamed "The City of Five Flags" due to the five governments that have flown flags over it during its history: the flags of Spain (Castile), France, Great Britain, the Confederate States of America, and the United States. Other nicknames include "World's Whitest Beaches" (due to the white sand prevalent along beaches in the Florida panhandle), "Cradle of Naval Aviation" (Naval Air Station Pensacola is the home of both the legendary Blue Angels and the National Museum of Naval Aviation), "Western Gate to the Sunshine State", "America's First Settlement", "Emerald Coast", "Redneck Riviera", "Red Snapper Capital of the World", and "P-Cola"
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh ( /ˈpɪtsbərɡ/, PITS-burg) is the second largest city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of both Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley. Nationally, it is the 22nd largest urban area in the United States. The population of the city in 2010 was 305,704, while that of the seven-county metropolitan area stood at 2,356,285.Downtown Pittsburgh retains substantial economic influence, ranking at 25th in the nation for jobs within the urban core and 6th in job density. The characteristic shape of Pittsburgh's central business district is a triangular tract carved by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River. The city features 151 high-rise buildings, 446 bridges, two inclined railways, and a pre-revolutionary fortification. Pittsburgh is known colloquially as "the City of Bridges" and "the Steel City" for its many bridges and former steel manufacturing base.
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Portland, Oregon
Portland is a city located in the U.S. state of Oregon, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 583,776, making it the 29th most populous city in the United States. Portland is Oregon's most populous city, and the third most populous city in the Pacific Northwest region, after Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia. Approximately 2,260,000 people live in the Portland metropolitan area (MSA), the 23rd most populous in the United States.
Portland was incorporated in 1851 and is the county seat of Multnomah County. The city extends west into the Cedar Mill neighborhood in Washington County and south towards Lake Oswego in Clackamas County. With a commission-based government headed by a mayor and four other commissioners, the city and region are noted for strong land-use planning and investment in light rail, supported by Metro, a distinctive regional government. Because of its public transportation networks and efficient land use planning, Portland has been referred to as one of the most environmentally friendly, or "green", cities in the world.
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Robertsdale, Alabama
Robertsdale is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 3,782. It is part of the Daphne–Fairhope–Foley Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Robertsdale is located at 30°33'16.034" North, 87°42'20.038" West (30.554454, -87.705566). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.5 square miles (14 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,782 people, 1,444 households, and 1,054 families residing in the city. The population density was 692.6 people per square mile (267.4/km²). There were 1,573 housing units at an average density of 288.1 per square mile (111.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.26% White, 3.31% Black or African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.42% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. 1.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 1,444 households out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.06.
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Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,145,905. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has a population of 2,328,299. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.
The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named "Great Salt Lake City"—the word "great" was dropped from the official name in 1868. Although Salt Lake City is still home to the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church today.
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San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
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St. George, Utah
St. George is a city located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Utah, and the county seat of Washington County, Utah. It is the principal city of and is included in the St. George, Utah, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is 119 miles (192 km) northeast of Las Vegas, Nevada, and 303 miles (488 km) south of Salt Lake City on Interstate 15.
As of the 2010 U.S. Census, St. George had a population of 72,897. From 1990, St. George became one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas within the United States. This trend continued through 2007, when growth slowed substantially. In 2009, the metropolitan area (defined as Washington County) had an estimated 137,473 residents.
St. George is the population and commercial center of Utah's Dixie, a nickname given to the area when Mormon pioneers grew cotton in the warm climate. St. George's trademark is its geology — red bluffs make up the northern part of the city with two peaks covered in lava rock in the city's center. The northeastern edges of the Mojave Desert are visible to the south. Zion National Park can be seen to the east, and the Pine Valley Mountains loom over the city to the north and northwest. The climate has more in common with the Desert Southwest than the rest of the state, with scorching hot summers and mild, mostly snowless winters.
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Steubenville, OH
Steubenville is a city located along the Ohio River in Jefferson County, Ohio on the Ohio-West Virginia border in the United States. It is the political county seat of Jefferson County. It is also a principal city of the Weirton–Steubenville, WV-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 18,659.
Steubenville is called the City of Murals because more than 25 murals can be found in the downtown area and Ohio's Cookie Capital. It is the home of Franciscan University of Steubenville, Eastern Gateway Community College (formerly Jefferson Community College), and Old Fort Steuben.
It is the birthplace of singer and actor Dean Martin, actress Traci Lords, television commentator and oddsmaker Jimmy "The Greek" Snyder, Museum Director and Curator Mason Paul and Hall of Fame baseball pitcher Rollie Fingers.
Steubenville was platted as a town in 1797, immediately after the creation of Jefferson County. It was built on the site of Fort Steuben which was erected in 1786–1787 and named in honor of Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben. Steubenville received a city charter in 1851. The city was also a stop along the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad that connected Pittsburgh to Chicago and St. Louis. Bezaliel (Bezaleel) Wells and James Ross were the founders of the city. Wells, a government surveyor born in Baltimore, received about 1,000 acres (4 km2) of land west of the Ohio River, and Ross, a lawyer from Pittsburgh, owned land north of his. The two men were responsible for the layout of the city.
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Syracuse, New York
Syracuse ( /ˈsɪrəkjuːs/ or local /ˈsɛrəkjuːs/) is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States, It is the largest U.S. city with the name "Syracuse", and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York. At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,170, (making it the 167th largest city in the country) and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577. It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over a million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex and, directly west of the city, the Empire Expo Center, which hosts the annual Great New York State Fair. The city derives its name from Siracusa, a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.
The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network. Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, and its airport is the largest in the region. Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university; the Upstate Medical University and Hospital, the city's largest employer; and several smaller colleges and professional schools. In 2010 Forbes rated Syracuse 4th in the top 10 places to raise a family.
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Tampa, Florida
Tampa (pronunciation: /ˈtæmpə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County and is located on the west coast of Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. The population of Tampa in 2010 was 335,709.
The current location of Tampa was once inhabited by indigenous peoples of the Safety Harbor culture, most notably the Tocobaga and the Pohoy, who lived along the shores of Tampa Bay. It was briefly explored by Spanish explorers in the early 16th century, but there were no permanent American or European settlements within today's city limits until after the United States had acquired Florida from Spain in 1819.
In 1824, the United States Army established a frontier outpost called Fort Brooke at the mouth of the Hillsborough River, near the site of today's Tampa Convention Center. The first civilian residents were pioneers who settled near the fort for protection from the nearby Seminole population. The town grew slowly until the 1880s, when railroad links, the discovery of phosphate, and the arrival of the cigar industry jump-started Tampa's development and helped it to grow into an important city by the early 1900s.
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Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute (/ˌtɛrə ˈhoʊt/) is a city and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, near the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a population of 170,943. The city is the county seat of Vigo County and the self-proclaimed capital of the Wabash Valley. The federal death row is in Terre Haute at the Terre Haute Federal Correctional Complex.
Terre Haute is located at 39°28′11″N 87°23′23″W / 39.46972°N 87.38972°W / 39.46972; -87.38972 (39.469586, −87.389762), alongside the eastern bank of the Wabash River in western Indiana. The city lies about 75 miles (121 km) west of Indianapolis.
According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 35.27 square miles (91.3 km2), of which 34.54 square miles (89.5 km2) (or 97.93%) is land and 0.73 square miles (1.9 km2) (or 2.07%) is water.
The Wabash River dominates the physical geography of the city, forming its western border. Small bluffs on the east side of city mark the edge of the historic flood plain. Lost Creek and Honey Creek drain the northern and southern sections of the city, respectively. In the late 19th century (particularly during the Terre Haute Oil Craze of 1889), several oil and mineral wells were productive in and near the center of the city. Those have not been tapped for many years.
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The Cairns Post
The Cairns Post is a major News Corporation newspaper in Far North Queensland that exclusively serves the Cairns area. It has daily coverage on local, state, national and world news, plus a wide range of sections and liftouts covering health, beauty, cars and lifestyle.
It is the oldest business in Cairns and has been operating continuously for 100 years. It currently employs more than 100 people.
A prior newspaper that was also called The Cairns Post was first published on 10 May 1883. It was founded by Frederick Thomas Wimble. It was published weekly until 1888 then bi-weekly until 1893.
Coordinates: 16°55′20″S 145°46′41″E / 16.92222°S 145.77806°E / -16.92222; 145.77806
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Toledo, Ohio
Toledo is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Lucas County. Toledo is in northwest Ohio, on the western end of Lake Erie, and borders the State of Michigan. The city was founded in 1833 on the west bank of the Maumee River, originally incorporated as part of Monroe County, Michigan Territory, then re-founded in 1837, after conclusion of the Toledo War, when it was incorporated in Ohio. Toledo grew quickly as a result of the Miami and Erie Canal and its position on the railway line between New York and Chicago. It has since become a city well known for its industry, particularly in glass and auto assembly, as well as for its art community, education, and local sports teams. The population of Toledo as of the 2010 Census was 287,208, while the Toledo metropolitan area had a population of 651,409.
French trading posts operated in the area as far back as 1680. The area was first settled by Americans in 1845, after the Battle of Fallen Timbers, with the founding of Fort Industry. However, many settlers fled the area during the War of 1812. Resettlement began around 1868 when a Cincinnati syndicate purchased a 974-acre (3.9 km2) tract at the mouth of Cedar Creek and named it Port Lawrence, creating the modern downtown area. Immediately to the north of that, another syndicate founded the town of Vistula, the historic north end. These two towns physically bordered each other with Cherry Street dividing them. This is why present day streets on the northeast side of Cherry Street run at a slightly different angle from those to the southwest of it.
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Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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WGN-TV
WGN-TV, virtual channel 9 (digital channel 19), is the CW-affiliated television station in Chicago, Illinois. WGN-TV has been owned and operated by the Tribune Company since its inception, and its studios and offices are located at 2501 W. Bradley Place in the North Center neighborhood of Chicago. The station's transmitter is located atop the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower).
WGN Television is one of several flagship properties owned by the Tribune Company, which also owns radio station WGN (720 AM) and publishes the Chicago Tribune, whose slogan ("World's Greatest Newspaper") was the basis for the call letters used by both stations. The Tribune Company also operates Chicago area cable news channel Chicagoland Television (CLTV), which shares resources from both WGN-TV and the Chicago Tribune.
WGN-TV is also a pioneering superstation, and continues to program an alternate feed for cable and satellite subscribers throughout the United States known as WGN America (formerly Superstation WGN). The "superstation" feed remains unavailable to Comcast, RCN, and WOW! cable subscribers and AT&T U-verse IPTV subscribers in the Chicago area, despite vastly different programming offerings. However, WGN America is available in the Chicago area on the DirecTV and Dish Network satellite services. WGN-TV was not available to DirecTV subscribers from April 1, 2012 through the evening of April 4, 2012 due to a carriage dispute. The dispute was settled less than 24 hours before the Chicago Cubs season opener on April 5, 2012.
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Wheeling, WV
Wheeling is a city in Ohio and Marshall counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It is the county seat of Ohio County. Wheeling is the principal city of the Wheeling Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 28,486.
Wheeling was originally a settlement in the British Colony of Virginia and later an important city in the Commonwealth of Virginia until 1861 when the western counties of Virginia seceded from the state. Wheeling was the location of the Wheeling Convention, which established the state of West Virginia, and was the first capital of West Virginia. The capital moved so often in its early years that it was nicknamed the "floating capital". In 1870, the State Legislature designated Charleston as the capital city. In 1875, the Legislature reversed their decision and voted to return the Capital to Wheeling. This was appealed by the citizens of Charleston and finally settled by the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals in favor of Wheeling. In 1877 the Legislature ordered an election to be held for the citizens of West Virginia to select a permanent location for the capital, choosing between Charleston, Martinsburg and Clarksburg. By proclamation of the governor, the official move took place eight years later, and in 1885 the capital moved from Wheeling to Charleston, where it has remained.
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Andrew Knight
Andrew Stephen Bower Knight (born 1 November 1939 in England) is a journalist, editor, and director of News Corporation.
He joined The Economist Magazine in 1966 on the international business and investment sections. From March 1968 to April 1970 he served in the Washington offices of the paper before returning to Europe to establish its European section and, in 1973, its offices in Brussels.
Knight was named Editor of The Economist in October 1974. Aged 34, he was the second youngest editor in the magazine's history, and tripled the magazine's circulation during his 11 years at the helm. He remained editor until 1986, and was named International Editor of the Year by World Press Review in June 1981.
He masterminded the takeover of the then floundering Telegraph Group in 1985, turning the ailing Daily Telegraph into the highest selling broadsheet in the UK. Knight successfully approached Conrad Black for financing of the takeover, and controversially appointed Max Hastings, a historian and former BBC journalist, as editor of The Daily Telegraph. Knight was Chief Executive and Editor-in-Chief of the London Daily Telegraph Group from January 1986 until October 1989.
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Arthur Siskind
Arthur Siskind (born 11 October 1938) is a lawyer and businessperson. He has been an executive director of the News Corporation since 1991. He served as their group general counsel from March 1991 until December 2004. He was succeeded by Lawrence Jacobs. Mr. Siskind remains on News Corporation’s Board of Directors and continues to serve the Company as Senior Advisor to the Chairman.
As executive director of New Corp., his salary was USD$1.7 million with a $5 million annual bonus in 2005.
He graduated from Cornell University. Siskind became an adjunct professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center in 2005 and has been a member of the bar of the State of New York since 1962.
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Chase Carey
Chase Carey is the President, Chief Operating Officer (COO), and Deputy Chairman of News Corporation, a major international media conglomerate.
Carey received his bachelors degree from Colgate University and an MBA from Harvard, where he was a member of the Harvard Business School Rugby Club.
While attending Colgate he joined the Delta Upsilon Fraternity. Today, Carey is a Trustee Emeritus of Colgate University.
Carey first came to work with Fox, a News Corp holding, in 1988. Over the course of the following decade he served as COO of Fox, Inc., and CEO of Fox Broadcasting. During this time he helped launch both Fox Sports and FoxNews. He also served as co-COO of News Corporation, along with Peter Chernin.
During the time that Carey was working for News Corp, News Corp obtained controlling interest in Hughes Electronics, which at the time owned DirectTV, a satellite TV provider. Carey had already served on the DirectTV board of directors, and in 2003, Carey was chosen as DirecTV CEO.
At DirecTV, Carey had plans to add 1 million new subscribers a year, and had met that goal when he left the company six years later. By all accounts, Carey's tenure at DirecTV was considered successful, bringing the company back to profitability.
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David DeVoe
David "Dave" F. DeVoe (born 1947) has been a Director and Chief Financial Officer of News Corporation since 1990.
DeVoe has also been Senior Executive Vice President of News Corp. since 1996. Among those two, he was formerly a director of Gemstar-TV Guide International and DirecTV; he is no longer a director as of 2008.
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Flavor Flav
William Jonathan Drayton, Jr. (born March 16, 1959), better known by his stage name Flavor Flav, is an American rapper and television personality who rose to prominence as a member of the rap group Public Enemy. He is also known for popularizing the role of the hype man and for yelling "Yeah boy!" and "Flavor Flav!" during performances.
After falling out of the public eye for a number of years, he reappeared as the star of several VH1 reality series, including The Surreal Life, Strange Love, and Flavor of Love.
Drayton grew up in Freeport, New York. Flav began playing the piano at age five; and is self-taught. A musical prodigy, he sang in the youth choir at his church and mastered the piano, drums, and guitar at an early age. He eventually became proficient in 15 instruments. He set a house on fire as a small child while playing with a lighter and, by the time he dropped out of school in the 11th grade, he had been in and out of jail for robbery and burglary.
He attended Adelphi University on Long Island where he met Carlton Ridenhour, who would become known as Chuck D. Flavor Flav took his stage name after his graffiti tag. They first collaborated on Chuck D's hip-hop college radio show, then began rapping together. The two worked for Chuck D's father's delivery service.
wn.com/Flavor_Flav -
FX (Greece)
FX Greece is a television network, launched by the Fox International Channels, which launched on 31 December 2009 and is currently available to the subscribers of OTE TV and NOVA Greece. The channel is broadcasting in Cyprus too, with the same schedule to Greece and is currently available to the subscribers of NOVA Cyprus, Cablenet and CytaVision.
The program includes sci-fi series such as The X-Files and Battlestar Galactica, reality shows such as The Amazing Race animation such as The Simpsons and Family Guy, other series such as Law & Order and The Walking Dead, with new episodes for the first time in Greece and also new recent series such as Terra Nova and The Killing for the first time in Greece.
Most of the series often rerun
wn.com/FX_(Greece) -
John L. Thornton
John Lawson Thornton (b.1954) is a Professor and Director of Global Leadership at Tsinghua University in Beijing. He is a former President and Co-CEO of Goldman Sachs.
In 1983, Thornton founded and developed Goldman Sachs' European mergers and acquisitions business. He served as co-CEO of Goldman Sachs International in London from 1995 to 1996. Thornton was Chairman of Goldman Sachs Asia from 1996 to 1998, where he expanded the firm's regional franchise during the Asian financial crisis.
Thornton serves in the board of Intel, Pacific Century Group, Ford Motor Company, China Netcom, HSBC Holdings,and News Corporation. He is also Chairman of the Board of The Brookings Institution.
Thornton graduated from the Hotchkiss School, a prestigious boarding school in Lakeville, Connecticut. .
In 1976, Thornton earned a bachelor's degree in Economics from Harvard College. He studied law at Oxford, and in 1978, received a bachelor's and master's degrees in Jurisprudence and later in 1980, a M.A. in Public and Private Management from Yale School of Management.
wn.com/John_L._Thornton -
José María Aznar
José María Alfredo Aznar López (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse maˈɾia aθˈnar] ( listen); born 25 February 1953) served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He is on the board of directors of News Corporation and is also a member of the Club de Madrid.
Aznar, born in Madrid in 1953, was the son of Manuel Aznar Acedo, army official, journalist and radio broadcaster, and grandson of Manuel Aznar Zubigaray, a prominent journalist during the Franco era. Both father and grandfather held governmental positions during the years of Spain under Franco. He studied law at the Complutense University of Madrid, graduating in 1975, becoming a Spanish Tax Authority inspector in 1976.
As a teenager, Aznar was a member of the Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas (FES), a Student Union supporting the Falange, Franco's one-party fascist organization. After 1977 it would become Falange Española Independiente (FEI).
After the death of Francisco Franco and the restoration of democracy, Aznar joined Alianza Popular (AP) in January 1979, a few months after his wife. In March he became the Secretary General of the party in La Rioja, occupying the post until 1980. In February 1981 he joined the AP's National executive committee. He became Assistant Secretary General in February 1982.
wn.com/José_María_Aznar -
Lachlan Murdoch
Lachlan Keith Murdoch (born 8 September 1971) is the eldest son of Australian-American media mogul Rupert Murdoch and his second wife Anna Torv. He resigned from his executive positions at News Corporation on 29 July 2005. He is currently on the board of Network Ten and Chairman of dmg Radio Australia.
Murdoch was born in London, England but was raised in a wealthy New York City neighbourhood where his father owned the New York Post. He received his education at the exclusive Aspen Country Day School in Aspen, Colorado (U.S.), Trinity School in New York City as well as at the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts (U.S.). He received his BA from Princeton University in 1994.
In 1989 Rupert Murdoch brought Lachlan Murdoch, then 18 years old to Australia while on business to have Lachlan trained for three months at the Daily Mirror. That time the Printing / Publishing departments were situated at Surry Hills Sydney, entrusted by a printer named Arthur Violatzis. Together they created a good working relationship. By the end of Lachlan's third month Rupert Murdoch returned to the U.S taking Lachlan Murdoch. Although trainer and student vowed to keep in touch, they did not contact or see each other since.
wn.com/Lachlan_Murdoch -
Natalie Bancroft
Natalie Bancroft (b. circa 1980) is a member of the board of directors of News Corporation.
She is a member of the Bancroft family, which controlled the Dow Jones media empire for decades. She studied journalism, and graduated from the Institut de Ribaupierre in Lausanne, Switzerland. She is also a professionally trained opera singer.
She was appointed to the board of News Corporation at the age of 27, following News Corporation's acquisition of Dow Jones. She lives in New York, New York.
wn.com/Natalie_Bancroft -
Rod Eddington
Sir Roderick Ian Eddington AO (born 2 January 1950, Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian businessman. He is currently chair of the government body Infrastructure Australia, a director of News Corporation, continuing his long association with that company, and has served in other senior positions including as former CEO of British Airways.
Eddington graduated from the University of Western Australia with first class BEng Honours in 1972 followed by a MEng Sci. Being the 1974 Rhodes Scholar from Western Australia, he completed his DPhil in the Department of Engineering Science at Oxford University and played eight first-class cricket matches for Oxford in 1975 and 1976. He was President of Vincent's Club in 1977.
Eddington joined the Swire Group in 1979, working for its subsidiary Cathay Pacific, before being appointed Managing Director in 1992. Continuing his association with the airline industry; News Limited, subsidiary of News Corporation, appointed Eddington Chairman of Ansett Australia in January 1997, four years before the airline failed. News Corp had taken control of the airline with TNT in 1979. Eddington was appointed Deputy Chairman of News Limited in September 1998. He was further promoted to the News Corporation board in September 1999. In a timely manoeuvre, News Corp sold off Ansett; the airline eventually became insolvent in 2001. Eddington managed to escape blame for the poor financial state of the airline, apparently aided by his board membership of News Corporation, as others were loath to criticise him publicly. The blame for the collapse has tended to be worn by the Air New Zealand management, who bought the airline from News Corporation in 2000. Prior to Ansett's placement into Administration by the Air New Zealand Management, Eddington had successfully met most targets to turn Ansett's misfortune around and some critics believe the airline was not technically insolvent after all.
wn.com/Rod_Eddington -
Rod Paige
Roderick Raynor "Rod" Paige (born June 17, 1933) served as the 7th United States Secretary of Education from 2001 to 2005. Paige, who grew up in Mississippi, built a career on a belief that education equalizes opportunity, moving from classroom teacher to college dean and school superintendent to be the first African American to serve as the nation's education chief.
Paige was sitting with George W. Bush at the Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, when Bush received the news that a second plane had hit the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001 attacks.
On November 15, 2004, Paige announced his resignation after overseeing the President's education agenda for four years. White House domestic policy adviser Margaret Spellings was nominated as his successor. The U.S. Senate confirmed her on January 20, 2005 after Bush's inauguration for a second term.
Born in Monticello, Mississippi, Paige is the son of public school educators. He earned a bachelor's degree from Jackson State University in Jackson, Mississippi and a Master's degree and a Doctor of Physical Education degree from Indiana University Bloomington.[citation needed] He also holds an honorary doctoral degree from the University of Houston, which was presented to him in 2000.
wn.com/Rod_Paige -
Roger Ailes
Roger Eugene Ailes (born May 15, 1940) is president of Fox News Channel, chairman of the Fox Television Stations Group. Ailes was a media consultant for Republican presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush, as well as Rudy Giuliani’s first mayoral campaign in 1989.
Ailes was born and grew up in the factory town of Warren, Ohio, the son of Donna Marie (née Cunningham) and Robert Eugene Ailes, a factory maintenance foreman. Ailes suffers from hemophilia and was often hospitalized as a youth. Ailes attended the Warren city schools. Later, he was inducted into Warren High School's Distinguished Alumni Hall of Fame. Ailes received a bachelor's degree in 1962 from Ohio University in Athens, Ohio.
Ailes' career in television began in Cleveland and Philadelphia, where he started as property assistant (1962) producer (1965) and executive producer (1967–1968) for KYW-TV, for a then-locally produced talk-variety show, The Mike Douglas Show. He later became executive producer for the show, which was syndicated nationally. He was nominated for, but failed to win a Daytime Emmy Awards for it in 1968. It was in this position, in 1967, that he had a spirited discussion about television in politics with one of the show's guests, Richard Nixon, who took the view that television was a gimmick. Later, Nixon called on Ailes to serve as his executive producer of TV. Nixon's election victory was only Ailes's first venture into the political spotlight. His pioneering work in framing national campaign issues and making the stiff Nixon more likeable and accessible to voters was chronicled in The Selling of the President 1968 by Joe McGinniss.
wn.com/Roger_Ailes -
Rupert Murdoch
Keith Rupert Murdoch, AC, KSG (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian American media mogul. Murdoch became managing director of Australia's News Limited, inherited from his father, in 1952. He is the founder, Chairman and CEO of global media holding company the News Corporation, the world's second-largest media conglomerate.
In the 1950s and '60s, he acquired various newspapers in Australia and New Zealand, before expanding into the United Kingdom in 1969, taking over the News of the World followed closely by The Sun. He moved to New York in 1974 to expand into the US market and became a naturalised US citizen in 1985. In 1981, he bought The Times, his first British broadsheet.
In 1986, keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies, he consolidated his UK printing operations in Wapping, causing bitter industrial disputes. His News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox (1985), HarperCollins (1989) and The Wall Street Journal (2007). He formed BSkyB in 1990 and during the 1990s expanded into Asian networks and South American television. By 2000 Murdoch's News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries with a net worth of over $5 billion.
wn.com/Rupert_Murdoch -
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register (it became The Times on 1 January 1788). The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News International, itself wholly owned by the News Corporation group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.
The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (1838), The Straits Times (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). For distinguishing purposes it is therefore sometimes referred to, particularly in North America, as the "London Times" or "The Times of London".
wn.com/The_Times -
Tom Perkins
Thomas James Perkins (born 1932) is an American businessman, capitalist, and was one of the founders of leading venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers.
Perkins received a B.S. in EECS (course 6) from MIT in 1953. He earned an MBA from Harvard in 1957. While attending MIT, Perkins joined the Delta Upsilon Fraternity.
In 1963, he was invited by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard to become the administrative head of the research department at Hewlett-Packard. He was the first general manager of HP's computer divisions, credited with helping shepherd HP's entry into the minicomputer business. During the 1960s, he also started University Laboratories, which was later merged into Spectra-Physics.
In 1973, with Eugene Kleiner, he founded Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, one of the first Sand Hill Road venture capital firms. Later, Frank Caufield and Brook Byers joined the firm, eventually becoming named partners. Perkins served as a director of Applied Materials, Compaq, Corning Glass, Genentech, Hewlett-Packard, and Philips Electronics. He served as the only chairman of Tandem Computers, from its founding in 1974 until its 1997 merger with Compaq. Perkins was also chairman of Genentech from 1976 until 1990 when it merged with Roche Holding Ltd.
wn.com/Tom_Perkins -
Viet D. Dinh
Viet D. Dinh (Vietnamese: Đinh Đồng Phụng Việt; born February 22, 1968) is a lawyer and a conservative legal scholar who served as an Assistant Attorney General of the United States from 2001 to 2003, under the presidency of George W. Bush. Born in Saigon, in the former South Vietnam, he was the chief architect of the USA PATRIOT Act and is a member of the Board of Directors of News Corporation.
Dinh was born in Saigon, South Vietnam. He and his family emigrated in 1978 to the United States due to the communist reunification of Vietnam. They initially settled in Portland, Oregon, but moved to Fullerton, California, two years later.
Dinh graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1990 with an A.B. in Government and Economics. While at Harvard, he was a member of the Phoenix S.K. Club. He then attended Harvard Law School, where he was a Class Marshal, an Olin Research Fellow in Law and Economics, and Bluebook editor of the Harvard Law Review, and received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) magna cum laude in 1993.
wn.com/Viet_D._Dinh
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MyNetworkTV first commercial breaks 9-2006
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:28
- Updated: 09 Sep 2012
The first commercial breaks of MyNetworkTV
http://wn.com/MyNetworkTV_first_commercial_breaks_9-2006
The Twilight Zone Developing and Time Lapse Commercials
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
This is a trailer that aired on MyNetworkTV for The Third Twilight Zone episodes Developing and Time Lapse that I got off the MyNetworkTV Website
http://wn.com/The_Twilight_Zone_Developing_and_Time_Lapse_Commercials
MyNetworkTV Big Screen Launch
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/MyNetworkTV_Big_Screen_Launch
MyNetworkTV 2012 Fall Launch
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/MyNetworkTV_2012_Fall_Launch
My Network TV first commercial break 2006
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 21 Apr 2012
My Network TV is owned by Twentieth Century Fox and is seen on former UPN and WB affiliates. Taken on September 5, 2006 on KCOP 13 Los Angeles TV trailer for movie "The Last Kiss" Born Learning public service announcement id skin care by Bare Minerals offer DirecTV NFL Sunday Ticket (Tennessee Titans vs. Indianapolis Colts)
http://wn.com/My_Network_TV_first_commercial_break_2006
UPN to My Network TV Transition 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:10
- Updated: 07 Jul 2012
transition spot animation for change from UPN to MyNetwork. Animation by Omar O'Hara
http://wn.com/UPN_to_My_Network_TV_Transition_1
Rummel 2012 Hasenheide
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
"Infant (Risk Factor)" "Humour (Literary Genre)" "MyNetworkTV (TV Network)" Domingo Unicorn Book Republica Arizona Toxic Punta "Finger (unit)" Phoenix Books Reading Crow Eleven "Laughter (Musical Instrument)" Library Comic Point Youtube Hurts Writing Comedy Author Bless America "Charlie Bit" Novel Rascal Popular Tucson Joke Fun Humor Mesa Audio Omega Jokes Hilarious Prank Silly Funny Laughs Laughing Trailer Letters Lol Clive Story "Letters (Matt Cardle Album)"
http://wn.com/Rummel_2012_Hasenheide
OJ Simpson Behind Bars on MyNetworkTV's "Jail"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
"Jail" captures exclusive footage of OJ Simpson's booking at the Clark County Detention Center in Las Vegas following his arrest on January 11, 2008 for violating bail terms relating to his arrest for armed robbery in September 2007. These never-before-seen images include a candid interview with Simpson, providing his first-hand reaction to the arrest. Tuesday, February 12, 2008 9:00 pm (ET/PT) on MyNetworkTV
http://wn.com/OJ_Simpson_Behind_Bars_on_MyNetworkTV's_Jail
Will Smith talks Scientology on MyNetworkTV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
whyweprotest.net July 7, 2008 - Encore (originally aired 3 With his new movie, Hancock premiering July 4th weekend, Celebrity Exposé. explores Hollywood power couple Will and Jada. Find out how the Prince of Bel-Air became the King of Tinseltown. Plus, Will discusses the rumors of his involvement in Scientology. It's all on Celebrity Exposé. www.mynetworktv.com
http://wn.com/Will_Smith_talks_Scientology_on_MyNetworkTV
Bas Rutten & Savant Young: MyNetWorkTv IFL Battelground
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Updated: 23 Aug 2012
"IFL Battleground" host Bas Rutten and Tokyo Sabres lightweight Savant Young (Pasadena, Calif.) take fans through the matchups and discuss some of the finer points of the art of the knockout. In addition, a special feature called "Gone in 60 Seconds" highlights some of the fastest KO finishes in IFL history.
http://wn.com/Bas_Rutten_Savant_Young_MyNetWorkTv_IFL_Battelground
Smackdown moves to MyNetwork TV!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 29 Aug 2012
Friday October 3rd is moving day for the Smackdown Superstars! Catch Smackdown on MyNetwork TV starting October 3rd! Go to www.wwe.com
http://wn.com/Smackdown_moves_to_MyNetwork_TV!
WWE Friday Night Smackdown Is Changing To My Network TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 16 May 2012
wwe friday night smackdown changes its channel to my network tv
http://wn.com/WWE_Friday_Night_Smackdown_Is_Changing_To_My_Network_TV
Ric Flair Vs Shawn Michaels *RARE* Part 2 of the World Premiere Of Wrestlemania 24(MyNetworkTV)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 13 Aug 2012
Ric Flair vs Shawn michaels- If Flair loses he must retire *3 doors down- Its Not my time* *Fuel- Leave the Memories Alone*
http://wn.com/Ric_Flair_Vs_Shawn_Michaels_*RARE*_Part_2_of_the_World_Premiere_Of_Wrestlemania_24MyNetworkTV
VIDEO GAME PROPS: Portal Gun, Companion Cube, Zelda, Metroid, and More
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
The team goes to Springfield, MO for Squidfoo's Arcade Arcade Show where many of the past props/replicas from past and future live-action films are on display. Created by Platinumfungi, some of these props include Portal Companion Cube, Batman suit, Baby Metroid and egg, Samus Power suit helmet and blaster, Zelda NES System, and more. FACEBOOK www.facebook.com www.facebook.com www.facebook.com Music by Kevin MacLeod (Incompetech) TAGS: Squidfoo Art Gallery maker space hacker space hackaday platinumfungi springfield mo missouri the ozarks midwest funny comedy parody props video games videogaming makerbot metroid samus power suit batman suit arcade mikengary portal gun replica companion cube "behind the scenes" sato48 art show KYTV TV NBC KSPR ABC KCZ-TV CW KOLR (CBS) KOZK PBS KRBK FOX/MyNetworkTV Springfield News-Leader 417 magazine missouri state university moxie downtown art walk 2012 1984
http://wn.com/VIDEO_GAME_PROPS_Portal_Gun,_Companion_Cube,_Zelda,_Metroid,_and_More
Kobe Bryant - Remember My Name HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Site: pozytive.3dn.ru "Model Year" MyNetworkTV Demi Remember Youtube Kobe .my Mp4 "Kobe Bryant" Old Forget Again Don School Basketball Player Singing Here Chance Upload James Sonny Lyrics Get Back Lakers Catch "Don Forget" "Here Again" "Los Angeles Lakers" Camp December Disney "The Walt Disney Company" Wade Game Magic Highlights Celtics "Magic (paranormal)" "Lebron James" Mickey "Dwyane Wade" Disneyland World "LeBron James" Mouse Orlandomix Carmelo Anthony,Tracy Mcgrady,Shaq, LeBron, Dwight Howard All-Star Dance-Off,Slam Dunk Contest,Top 10,NBA Draft 2009,Dwight Howard Superman dunk,AND1,Hot sauce,Lebron james,la lakers,Boston celtics nba champions,La Clippers,Denver Nuggets,Allen Iverson,Dallas Mavericks,East West All star game,nba record,nba street vol 1,2,homecourt,I Challenge Baron Davis,greatest in nba history,shot,block,steal,Michael Jordan's Final Shot 98,Baron Davis, Dwyane Wade, Lebron James, Tracy McGrady, Stephon Marubury, Yao Ming, Gilbert Arenas, Kobe Bryant, Speedy Claxton, Paul Pierce, Nate Robinson, Allen Iverson, and Ben Gordan,Soulja Boy And Lebron James Interview ,Kobe Bryant Jumps Over Car(Aston Martin) Slow Motion,Kobe Bryant Car Jump Exposed,fl, ncaa, baseball, soccer, futbol, football, Nba, basketball, mlb, hockey, nhl, paris fifa, poker, golf, world cup,Guinness World Record,Spud Webb Dunk Contest,the best of derrick rose,Kobe Bryant Jumps Over Pool w/ Snakes (Black Mambas?,LeBron talks with Jay-Z during game nba 10 top plays 07 08 top dunks season ...
http://wn.com/Kobe_Bryant_Remember_My_Name_HD
WUAB 43 (MNTV) 1968 - 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
WUAB, identified on-air as "My43 The Block, WUAB", is the MyNetworkTV affiliate in Cleveland, Ohio. The station is licensed to the suburb of Lorain, and it shares a studio in downtown Cleveland with sister station WOIO, Cleveland's CBS affiliate. 1968 - WUAB43 1976 - 43 WUAB-TV 1977 - WUAB 43 LORAIN·CLEVELAND 1980 - 43 WUAB-TV LORAIN·CLEVELAND 1984 - THE GANG'S ALL HERE 43 WUAB LORAIN-CLEVELAND 1986 - 43 WUAB 1988 - 43 WUAB (II) 1991 - 43 WUAB LORAIN·CLEVELAND 1995 - UPN 43 WUAB 1997 - UPN 43 WUAB We've got your fun! 1999 - HOMETEAM 43 WUAB · LORAIN · CLEVELAND 2002 - upn 43 WUAB; 43 The Block 01/2006 - wuab 43 The Block 09/2006 - my43 WUAB 2011 - my 43 The Block WUAB © WUAB 43
http://wn.com/WUAB_43_MNTV_1968_2011
WPHL 17 (MNTV) 1962 - Feb 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
WPHL-TV, channel 17, is a television station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, owned by the Tribune Company and currently affiliated with the News Corporation-owned MyNetworkTV television network. This makes it the largest non-O&O; station of the network. The station's studios are located in the Wynnefield section of West Philadelphia and its transmitter is located in the Roxborough neighborhood. 1962 - 17 WPHL-TV PHILADELPHIA 1979 - Channel 17 WPHL-TV PHILADELPHIA 1980 - Channel 17 THE GREAT ENTERTAINER 1984 - Channel 17 WPHL-TV Philadelphia 1986 - 17 THE GREAT ENTERTAINER WPHL-TV Philadelphia 1987 - 17 WPHL-TV Philadelphia 1989 - PHL 17 WPHL-TV Philadelphia 1991 - TAFT Station PHL 17 Philadelphia 1994 - PHL 17 Philadelphia WPHL-TV Philadelphia A Tribune Broadcasting Station 1995 - THE WB PHL 17 Philadelphia; WPHL-TV WB17 PHILADELPHIA 1997 - WB 17 NEWS AT TEN 2001 - Philadelphia's WB17; WB 17 NEWS 2006 - my phl 17 2008 - my phl 17 News at ten WPLH-TV 2009 - my Phl 17 2010 - phl 17 2012 - phl 17 NEWS@10:00 WPHL-TV PHILADEPHIA © WPHL 17
http://wn.com/WPHL_17_MNTV_1962_Feb_2012
MYTV - Joby Capper Ft LukeTruth.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
MYTV Lynks up with a few man for a jam at the lake, coverage from job capper and luke truth
http://wn.com/MYTV_Joby_Capper_Ft_LukeTruth
Speed Art Mike Background
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Its My first Speed Art can you like and Comment ? Song:Alexisonfire - To A Friend (Adventure Club Remix)
http://wn.com/Speed_Art_Mike_Background
All My Justin Bieber Stuff
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:39
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
hope you like it
http://wn.com/All_My_Justin_Bieber_Stuff
MY FIRST YOUTUBE VIDEO!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
This is my first YouTube video. It's pretty random.. :) Subscribe, like, comment.. I'll try my best to upload weekly videos! Don't worry, I won't be THIS weird in all my videos haha :) and don't be so harsh on me.. I'm not used to talking to a camera.. Its actually pretty awkward. (Sorry about the background noises. My dogs wouldn't stop barking. and also sorry about the bad quality, the editing program I used to use wouldn't work so..) Follow me on twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/MY_FIRST_YOUTUBE_VIDEO!!
My Robot Mayor - A Gmod Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:39
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
A touching of a story of a man and a mis-understood robot. At first they hated each other but soon they had to work together to defeat a inter-galactic menace!
http://wn.com/My_Robot_Mayor_A_Gmod_Movie
Presidential debate Jim Lehrer - Obama, "Be Silent" shuts up Obama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Jim Lehrer moderates the shit out of the Presidential debate. Director / Editor - Matt Braunsdorf Starring - Jim Lehrer, President Barack Obama, and Governor Mitt Romney
http://wn.com/Presidential_debate_Jim_Lehrer_Obama,_Be_Silent_shuts_up_Obama
Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
18 Nov 2012
Israeli air strikes killed 16 Palestinians in Gaza on Saturday, prompting the Arab League to announce a visit to the battered enclave and a review of its Middle East peace policy. Egypt’s President...
Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
18 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Israel's ongoing uprooting of hundreds of Palestinian olive trees in the West Bank, including possibly sabotaging Palestine's recent bid for state...
Photo: UN / UN
17 Nov 2012
GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip (AP) — Israel's new offensive against the Gaza Strip has turned into a political bonanza for the territory's Hamas rulers, while sidelining Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas,...
Photo: AP / Eyad Baba
17 Nov 2012
Israel's defence minister Ehud Barak more than doubled his call-up of army reservists last night (Friday night) as its cabinet and military chiefs convened to discuss a ground invasion of Gaza. With...
Photo: AP / Vahid Salemi
17 Nov 2012
Iran is set to double its uranium enrichment after completing a second underground facility, according to UN report. The move is likely to increase concern from Western nations over Iranian nuclear...
Seeking Alpha
- Net Revenue Growth Drives Record 3Q Operating Income of $23.6 Million, Adjusted EBITDA of $35.1 Million, and Free Cash Flow of $19.8 Million - IRVING, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Nexstar Broadcasting Group, Inc. (NXST) (Nexstar) today reported record financial results for the third quarter ended...(size: 54.1Kb)
Seeking Alpha
BALTIMORE, Nov. 1, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. (SBGI), the "Company" or "Sinclair," today reported financial results for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2012. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20100119/PH39783LOGO ) "We are very pleased with our...(size: 28.0Kb)
| MyNetworkTV logo | |
| Type | Broadcast syndication service (as of September 28, 2009) |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Availability | National |
| Area | United States |
| Owner | Fox Entertainment Group (News Corporation) |
| Key people | Roger Ailes, Chairman, Fox Television Stations Group Jack Abernethy, Chief Operating Officer |
| Launch date | September 5, 2006 (as a TV network) |
| Picture format | 480i (4:3/16:9 SDTV) 720p/1080i (HDTV) |
| Official website | MyNetworkTV.com |
MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyTV, MyNet, MNT or MNTV, and sometimes referred to as "My Network") is a television broadcast syndication service in the United States, owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a division of News Corporation. Under its former status as a television network, it was the lowest-rated of the then-six major US English-language commercial broadcast networks.
MyNetworkTV is a sister company to the Fox network, but operates separately. Roger Ailes oversees the service as chairman of the Fox Television Stations Group (FTSG).
MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5, 2006 with an initial affiliate lineup covering about 96 percent of the country,[1] most of which were former WB and UPN affiliates.
On September 28, 2009, following disappointment with the network's results, MyNetworkTV dropped its status of a television network and transitioned to become a syndication programming service, reminiscent of the Universal Action Pack and Warner Bros.' Prime Time Entertainment Network.[2][3][4][5]
Contents |
Origins[link]
MyNetworkTV arose from the announcement of the CW Television Network, which essentially merged the WB and UPN. As a result of several deals earlier in the decade, Fox Television Stations Group owned several UPN affiliates, including its three largest: WWOR-TV in New York City, KCOP-TV in Los Angeles and WPWR-TV in Chicago. Fox had bought most of them after acquiring most of the television holdings of UPN founding partner Chris-Craft Industries, while WPWR was bought in 2003 from Newsweb Corporation. Despite concerns about UPN's future at the time Fox purchased these three stations, UPN signed three-year affiliation renewals with them in 2003. That agreement's pending expiration, along with some others, in 2006 gave UPN parent CBS Corporation and WB parent Warner Bros. the rare opportunity to merge their respective struggling networks into the CW.
The CW included no Fox-owned stations. In fact, as part of a ten-year affiliation deal with The WB's co-owner, Tribune Broadcasting, the coveted New York, Los Angeles and Chicago affiliations all went to Tribune-owned stations. In response to the announcement, Fox promptly scrubbed all UPN references from its UPN affiliates' logos and promotions and stopped promoting UPN programs altogether. However, in all three cases (especially in the cases of Los Angeles and Chicago), the WB affiliate was the stronger station; CW executives were on record as preferring the "strongest" WB and UPN affiliates.
Media reports speculated that the Fox-owned UPN affiliates would all revert to being independent stations, or else form another network by uniting with the other UPN and The WB affiliates left out of The CW. Fox parent News Corp chose the latter route, and announced MyNetworkTV on February 22, less than a month after CBS and Warner Bros. announced The CW on January 24.
Programming[link]
Main article: List of programs broadcast by MyNetworkTV
MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5, 2006 with premieres of its two initial series. Some affiliates unofficially began branding their stations on September 4, 2006 – Labor Day – with supplied preview specials. Programming airs from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Eastern/Pacific time) Monday through Saturday.
At least twenty-two current and former affiliate stations have presented MNTV programs out of pattern:
- KEVU-LP in Eugene, Oregon airs the MNTV schedule from 9 p.m. to 11 p.m., after the "Prime Time Talk" block of Dr. Phil and Oprah.
- KZJO in Seattle, Washington airs MNTV programs from 12 a.m. to 2 a.m. to make way for syndicated reruns of The Simpsons at 8 p.m. and a 9 p.m. newscast.
- KPDX in Portland, Oregon/Vancouver, Washington airs MNTV programs from 9 p.m. to 11 p.m. due to their hour-long newscast at 8 p.m. produced by sister station KPTV which debuted on September 8, 2008.
- KRON in San Francisco airs MNTV programming from 9 to 11 p.m. after KRON 4 News at 8PM.
- From MNTV's launch through September 19, 2009, KQCA in Sacramento, California aired MNTV programming one hour earlier (7 to 9 p.m.) than most other affiliates due to its airing of repeats of Oprah at 9 p.m. as a lead-in to the station's 10 pm newscast produced by sister station KCRA-TV. KQCA now presents MNTV programming in pattern, with the 7 to 8 hour now filled with reruns of The Office.
- During its time as a MNTV affiliate KJZZ in Salt Lake City, Utah aired MNTV programming from midnight to 2 a.m. Mountain time, [6] and brands their station with their call letters rather than My 14; the reasons included a local marketing agreement with then-CBS owned-and-operated station KUTV, which allows KJZZ to re-air some syndicated shows from KUTV. It had originally aired from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. at the network's launch. KCSG, an independent station in St. George, replaced KJZZ as Utah's MNTV affiliate on August 18, 2008.[7] KUSG, a former KUTV satellite and currently a This TV affiliate (and also simulcast on KUTV's second digital subchannel), added MNTV to its schedule on September 20, 2010; however, it delays MNTV programming by one hour (airing from 8 to 10 p.m.) to accommodate a KUTV-produced 7 p.m. newscast. Eventually, in November 2010, KUSG completely replaced KCSG as Utah's MNTV affiliate and changed its call letters to KMYU.
- KARZ-TV in Little Rock, Arkansas airs MNTV programming Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday nights from 8 to 10 p.m. Central time due to its hour-long (later shortened to 30 minutes) newscast at 7 p.m. produced by sister station KARK-TV (owned by Nexstar Broadcasting Group) which debuted on February 2, 2009 (the newscast has since been replaced with a weeknight sports show and reruns of South Park). Under the previous ownership of Equity Broadcasting as KWBF, it aired MNTV programming in its normal 7 to 9 p.m. slot.
- KWKB in Iowa City, Iowa, a dual affiliate of The CW and MNTV, aired MNTV programming weeknights from 9 to 11 p.m. Central time, immediately following CW programming. However, as of September 19, 2011, it dropped the network for local programming, leaving the market temporarily without an MNTV affiliate. At some point in early October, KCRG-DT2 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa picked up the market's MNTV affiliation; however, it delays MNTV programming to Tuesday through Saturday mornings from 12:05 a.m. to 2:05 a.m. in order to concentrate on local programming.
- KDMI in Des Moines, Iowa, which re-affiliated with MNTV on October 3, 2011 as a secondary affiliation, airs the service's programming weeknights from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. Central time due to its commitment to its This TV affiliation. Prior to dropping the network in September 2009, it had aired MNTV programming in pattern. For nearly one year after KDMI initially dropped MNTV, The CW affiliate KCWI-TV aired WWE SmackDown from the service on Saturday evenings from 7 to 9 p.m. but did not air the remainder of the service's programming.
- During its time as a dual CW-MNTV affiliate, KNVA in Austin, Texas aired MNTV programming Monday-Saturday from 9 to 11 p.m. Central time, immediately following CW programming. In the month prior to the relaunch of former KXAN-TV semi-satellite KBVO in Llano, Texas as a standalone MNTV affiliate, it aired MNTV programming weeknights from 10 p.m. to midnight Central time following a KXAN-produced 9 p.m. newscast which debuted on September 28, 2009 (coinciding with MNTV's transition to a syndication programming service) and a repeat of The Office.
- KRBK in Osage Beach/Springfield, Missouri switched to a primary Fox affiliation on September 1, 2011, shifting MNTV to 9 to 11 p.m., immediately following Fox programming. During its time as a sole MNTV affiliate, it aired the service's programming schedule in pattern.
- WLMT-DT2 in Memphis, Tennessee, which began airing MNTV in October 2010, presented the Monday-Thursday MNTV programming lineup in pattern but aired the service's Friday lineup on Saturdays from 9 to 11 p.m. Central time until November 14, 2011 when it dropped RTV in favor of Me-TV. Since then, WLMT-DT2 has presented all MNTV programming in pattern with Me-TV airing at all other times. In the year prior to WWE SmackDown's move to cable channel Syfy in October 2010, WLMT's main channel aired that program on Saturday evenings from 7 to 9 p.m. but did not air the remainder of the MNTV lineup.
- WNTZ in Alexandria, Louisiana/Natchez, Mississippi and WEVV-DT2 in Evansville, Indiana, both secondary MNTV affiliates, air MNTV programming Monday-Friday from 9 to 11 p.m. Central time, immediately following Fox programming. Prior to July 1, 2011, when WEVV-DT2 replaced WTVW as Evansville's Fox affiliate, WEVV-DT2 aired MNTV programming at its normal time.
- WCIX (formerly WCFN) in Springfield, Illinois airs MNTV programming one hour later than normal, from 8 to 10 p.m. Central time, in order to accommodate a weeknight 7 p.m. newscast produced by sister station WCIA.
- WISE-DT2 in Fort Wayne, Indiana, a secondary MNTV affiliate, airs MNTV programming from 10:30 p.m. to 12:30 a.m. following local news. Prior to August 1, 2011, when WISE-DT2 replaced WFFT as Fort Wayne's Fox affiliate, WISE-DT2 aired MNTV programming at its normal time.
- WNAC in Providence, Rhode Island, also a secondary affiliate, aired MNTV Monday-Friday from 11:30 p.m. to 1 a.m., with Saturday primetime running on early Sunday mornings from 1:30 to 3:30 a.m. (WNAC has since moved the MNTV affiliation to a digital subchannel, which presents MNTV programming in pattern.)
- WGGB-DT2 in Springfield, Massachusetts, also a secondary affiliate, airs MNTV Monday-Friday from 11:35 p.m. to 1:35 a.m.
- WTRF-DT2 in Wheeling, WV/Steubenville, OH and WLIO-DT2 in Lima, Ohio, both secondary affiliates, air MyNetworkTV from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m.
- Until 2012, WXTX in Columbus, Georgia aired MNTV as a secondary affiliation from 12:05 a.m. to 2:05 a.m. Currently, there is no over-the-air MNTV affiliate in the Columbus, GA market.
- WTHI-DT2 in Terre Haute, Indiana airs MNTV programming as a secondary affiliation from 11 p.m. to 1:05 a.m. as of September 1, 2011, when WTHI-DT2 also replaced WFXW (now ABC affiliate WAWV-TV) as Terre Haute's Fox affiliate. WTHI-DT2 became the first MyNetworkTV affiliate ever in the Terre Haute market.
Heavy local sports preemptions are a problem for MyNetworkTV, as they have been for all the netlets[clarification needed]. However, they have become less of an issue with the end of the network's telenovela strategy, where an airing of the pre-empted telenovela episode as soon as possible on the same day was required by default rather than the flexibility to push a show off to the weekend that came with UPN, WB, or CW affiliation. Affiliates often scheduled contractual "make goods" of its daily line between 3 and 6 a.m. Not only are these light viewing hours, but they air after Nielsen processes its preliminary morning network ratings.[8]
Telenovelas[link]
Main article: MyNetworkTV telenovelas
The network's original format focused on the 18-to-49-year-old, English-speaking population[9][10] with programing consisting exclusively of telenovelas, starting with Desire and Fashion House. Originally, each aired Monday to Friday in continuous cycles of thirteen-week seasons, with a one-hour recap of the week's shows airing on Saturdays; when one series ended, another unrelated series would begin the following week. The fifth and sixth series, American Heiress and Saints and Sinners, appeared one hour per week on Wednesdays before abruptly vanishing from the schedule.[11] The MyNetworkTV serial lineup was broadcast in Australia as FOXTELENOVELA on the W. Channel. In Toronto, the first Desire/Fashion House cycle aired weekday afternoons on SUN TV, but the station decided not to air subsequent cycles for unknown reasons.
Proposed programming[link]
The announcement of the network also stated that additional unscripted (i.e., "reality") and current-affairs programming were in development. These were:
- Catwalk, a series similar to America's Next Top Model
- On Scene, a crime-based news magazine produced by Fox News
- An American version of the quiz show Britain's Brainiest
- An American version of the ITV series Love Island.
MyNetworkTV abandoned development of these programs in Summer 2006 and focused solely on telenovelas.
Later announcements by Fox regarding additional programming to air on MyNetworkTV O&Os—such as Desperate Housewives repeats, a trial run of the now-TBS sitcom Tyler Perry's House of Payne, and a daytime viewer-participation game show, My GamesFever (which has since been cancelled)[12]—do not apply to the network as a whole.
Other programming[link]
MyNetworkTV does not air children's programming, any news programming or sports. Some affiliate stations, however, carry local news either via their own news departments or a news share agreement, and may serve as broadcasters for local sports teams.
Revamping the schedule[link]
In response to the telenovela lineup's poor ratings performance, highlighted by a rating of 0.7% average households, (see "Performance") reports surfaced[13] that Fox executives planned a major revamp of the MyNetworkTV's programming, decreasing its reliance on telenovelas and adding new unscripted programming to the schedule such as reality shows, game shows (such as My GamesFever), movies, and sports, and a possible revisit to a deal with the Ultimate Fighting Championship.[14] The deal was not signed with UFC, but rather with another mixed martial arts organization, the International Fight League, in conjunction with Fox Sports Net.[15][16]
On February 1, 2007, Greg Meidel, who was named to the newly-created position of network president just 10 days earlier, confirmed the rumors and unveiled a dramatically revamped lineup.[17][18] The intent of the shakeup was to increase viewer awareness of the network (and in turn viewership), as well as to satisfy local affiliates who were disappointed over the poor ratings performance. After March 7 (when Wicked Wicked Games and Watch Over Me finished their runs), telenovelas occupied only two nights of programming, airing in two-hour movie-style blocks rather than on multiple nights. The remainder of the schedule includes theatrical movies and the new IFL Battleground (originally titled Total Impact).
In addition, the Saturday night telenovela recaps ended immediately, in favor of movies until March. The 1986 film Something Wild aired on February 3, becoming the network's first non-telenovela presentation.
Specials and reality programming were also a part of the network's reformatting. The first two specials aired on March 7. Also, MyNetworkTV permanently reduced its telenovela programming to a single night per week, with American Heiress and Saints & Sinners airing one hour each on Wednesdays until their unexpected termination, due to incompatible flow with IFC Battleground from Monday to Tuesday as far as promotions. Also, the Thursday night movie block featured mostly action/adventure films, with Friday night featuring a mix of contemporary classic films, beginning June 5.[19]
A side effect of the new programming schedule was the loss of the network's claim that they were the only U.S. broadcast network to have their entire schedule available in HDTV, due to the IFL, some of the network's movies, and the additional programming being produced in 480i standard definition only.[20]
In Fall 2007, MyNetworkTV removed telenovelas and began to air reality and sports shows.[21]
On September 1, 2007, the network aired its first live program, the men's final of the AVP Croc Tour's Cincinnati Open.
Under One Roof, the network's first sitcom starring Flavor Flav began airing April 16, 2008. Because the program used Canadian writers it was unaffected by the 2007-2008 WGA strike.
On February 26, 2008, the network announced it had picked up the rights to air WWE SmackDown, which left The CW at the end of September 2008. The first Smackdown! episode aired on Friday, October 3, 2008.[22] The first episode of WWE SmackDown pulled in the highest audience in MyNetworkTV history of 3.2 million viewers and for the first time rated fifth for the night ahead of The CW and won the night in the male 18-34 & 18-49 demographics.[23]
Ratings and sponsors[link]
Original format[link]
See also: MyNetworkTV telenovelas
MyNetworkTV's debut was far from successful. Desire scored a 1.1 household rating/2 share; Fashion House went up to 1.3/2.[24] Fox had sold about half of its projections of $50 million in advance commercial sales.[25]
As of March 7, 2007 MyNetworkTV was included in Nielsen's daily "Television Index" reports, alongside the other networks, although they were still not part of the "fast nationals" that do feature the others.[26]
Last-minute changes to the Fall 2007 MyNetworkTV schedules included the title of "Divorce Wars" being changed to "Decision House" and the addition of "Celebrity Exposé" and "Control Room Presents" to the network's Monday line-up as well as a one-hour "IFL Battleground" followed by "NFL Total Access" on Saturdays.[27]
The network's shift from telenovelas to reality shows and movies produced only a small bump in the ratings. It averaged only a .7 household rating during September 2007.[28] MyNetworkTV continues to be the second lowest-rated English-language broadcast network in the United States, ahead of only Ion Television.
The night MyNetworkTV debuted WWE SmackDown, the network took fifth place in household ratings ahead of The CW, but shortly afterwards went back to sixth place as time went on.
Of the six broadcast networks, Nielsen Media Research said only MyNetworkTV went up in the ratings, with 1.76 million viewers per night, up 750,000 from the previous season.[29]
On Monday, January 5, 2009, MyNetworkTV aired episodes of The Twilight Zone. The episodes helped MyNetworkTV rise in the ratings along with WWE SmackDown, being the 2nd highest rated show on the network.
The highest rated program to air on MyNetworkTV is Home Alone, which aired on December 10, 2008. Home Alone brought in 3.70 million viewers (not a record) but had a 1.4 demo among the 18-49 year olds.[citation needed]
Current format[link]
On February 9, 2009, it was announced that MyNetworkTV would be shifting from a television network to a programming service, similar to that of ION Television (with the execption of Flashpoint).[30][31][32] Litton Entertainment had expressed interest in the MyNetworkTV Saturday time slots.[33] MyNetworkTV began airing more syndicated programming in the fall, which included game shows and dramas, five nights a week.[34]
WWE announced that effective October 2010, that SmackDown would be moving to the cable channel Syfy. The move left MyNetworkTV with no first-run programming other than that it shares with its syndicatiors.
Despite the lack of first-run programming, MyNetworkTV has been renewed for three more years as of February 2011. The programming service has seen significant percentage growth in viewership since its 2006 startup as a television network. Although ratings on MyNetworkTV do not match those of the other broadcast networks, Nexstar Broadcasting CEO Perry Sook said, "I get more inventory per hour than I would get from Fox or ABC.[35]
Affiliation[link]
Main article: List of MyNetworkTV affiliates
File:My Network TV Logo 2D.png
2D version of logo, used in print ads.
File:My Network TV Logo 3D.png
Previous 3D version of logo
To date, 172 stations are affiliated with the network, reaching approximately 106 million households and covering 96% of the US. This number includes six stations owned at the time by companies involved in the founding of the competing CW network: three owned by Tribune Broadcasting (located in Atlanta, Georgia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Seattle, Washington), and three owned by CBS Corporation; however, Gannett Company purchased WATL, the Atlanta Tribune station, shortly after Fox confirmed it as a MyNetworkTV affiliate (Gannett's acquisition of WATL was finalized on August 7, 2006). It must be noted the Tribune sold out its stake in the WB in exchange for long term affiliation contracts with the CW network and no longer has an ownership stake in The CW. CBS is part owner.
On March 6, 2006, Sinclair Broadcast Group announced that 17 of its stations, mostly affiliates of The WB but also a few from UPN and some independent stations, would become MyNetworkTV affiliates in September 2006. This occurred despite the widespread presumption that affiliation with The CW, which at this point was still available in most markets, would be more valuable; however, Sinclair implied that MyNetworkTV was more financially attractive for the company. Some of the markets the 17 Sinclair stations occupy include Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Tampa, Florida; Cincinnati, Ohio; San Antonio, Texas; Birmingham, Alabama; Raleigh, North Carolina; Syracuse, New York; Nashville, Tennessee; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (The San Antonio station has since switched to The CW.)
On March 7, 2006, Raycom Media announced that its WB and UPN stations would become MyNetworkTV affiliates that September. Those stations were WUAB in Cleveland, Ohio, KFVE in Honolulu, Hawaii, and WBXH-CA in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
One of the stations named in an April 26, 2006 announcement of MyNetworkTV affiliates was KNVA in Austin, Texas, which The CW had added to its list of confirmed affiliates a week previously. On May 1, 2006 KWKB in Iowa City, Iowa, another previously-confirmed affiliate of The CW, signed on to carry MyNetworkTV. Until October 2009, these two stations were the only in the US to be aligned with both new networks. (KNVA has since become a sole CW affiliate as mother station KXAN-TV converted its semi-satellite KBVO to a standalone MyNetworkTV affiliate.) KNVA branded MyNetworkTV shows as "MyNetworkTV on The CW Austin". KWKB's website features station logos labeled as both "KWKB The CW" and "My KWKB". In May, WAWB in Huntsville, Alabama became an official MyNetworkTV affiliate with the call letters WAMY.
On July 12, 2006, MNTV added WBFS in Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, KTVD in Denver, WSYX in Columbus, Ohio, WTCN in West Palm Beach, Florida, WHP in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, WUPL in New Orleans, and WAWS in Jacksonville, Florida. WBFS, WTCN, and WUPL are owned by CBS Corporation (with WUPL sold to Belo in 2007), KTVD is owned by Gannett, WHP and WAWS are owned by Clear Channel Communications, and WSYX is owned by Sinclair Broadcasting. WSYX, WHP, and WAWS will carry MNTV on digital sub-channel stations.[36][37] The deal with CBS to affiliate their non-CW stations with MNTV came as a surprise to everyone in the broadcasting industry, especially after the icy reception between CBS and News Corp that began after the CW and MNTV came into the picture, as they refused to allow WBFS, WUPL and Boston's WSBK to affiliate with MNTV as a response to pulling UPN names from the Fox-owned stations that were affiliated with UPN.
In August 2006, MyNetworkTV filled in its remaining gaps within the top 100 television markets. On August 11, 2006, MNTV announced WNAC in Providence, Rhode Island as a secondary affiliate; and WNGT-LP in Toledo, Ohio as a primary station. Additionally, on August 22, 2006, the network added KAUT in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and a digital sub-channel of WRGT in Dayton, Ohio to the affiliate list on its website. Also that month, WZMY in Derry, New Hampshire was announced as the Boston-market affiliate. WBIN's (the former WZMY's) affiliation with MNTV ran out in September 2011, and WSBK (which had shunned MNTV at its formation in 2006) took over the Boston-market MNTV affiliation at that time.
From MyNetworkTV's inception until July 2010, Mobile, Alabama was the largest city without a MyNetworkTV affiliate, although the city's DMA (which includes Pensacola, Fort Walton Beach, Florida, and the rest of the Gulf Shores region) has Fort Walton Beach station WFGX as the area's station for the network. This is due to WFGX's weak analog signal, which was not available west of Pensacola, and the lack of a must-carry agreement with Mobile's Comcast system, most likely a remnant of the station's former status as a low-rated Jewelry TV station before the launch of MyNetworkTV. However, WFGX has relocated their digital transmitter to Robertsdale, Alabama which is in the area of the other Mobile-Pensacola television transmitters, and is providing an over-the-air MyNetworkTV affiliate for Mobile for the first time.
On September 28, 2009, the three ION Media Networks-owned stations which cleared MyNetworkTV (WPXX-TV in Memphis, Tennessee and WEPX-TV (and its satellite/full-power repeater WPXU-TV) in the Greenville/New Bern/Washington, North Carolina market), due to an affiliation agreement made by their previous owners, dropped their affiliations and became full-time ION Television stations as they had been before September 2006. A digital subchannel of NBC affiliate WITN-TV took over full affiliation in Greenville/New Bern.
WLMT in Memphis, that market's CW affiliate picked up the network for the sole purpose of carrying SmackDown, and due to the network's reclassification as a programming service, has elected to not carry the remainder of the network's schedule. Eventually, after SmackDown moved to Syfy, WLMT's RTV-affiliated second digital subchannel picked up the remainder of the MyNetworkTV lineup as a secondary affiliation.
Also in September 2009, KDMI in Des Moines, Iowa dropped MyNetworkTV to air This TV full time. For nearly a year afterwards, The CW affiliate KCWI-TV picked up SmackDown and aired it in a very similar manner to WLMT. Until October 3rd, 2011, Des Moines was the largest Nielsen media market without a MyNetworkTV affiliate — either over-the-air or on cable. On that date, KDMI re-affiliated with the service. on September 19th, 2011, KWKB/Iowa City, Cedar Rapids, IA/Waterloo, IA/Dubuque, IA/Iowa City, IA dropped the service in order to concentrate on their CW affiliation. At some point in time, KCRG-TV 9.2 picked up MyNetworkTV. Currently, as of October 2011, the Montgomery, Alabama market is the largest Nielsen media market without a MyNetworkTV affiliate — either over-the-air or on cable as WRJM (now WIYC) became an affiliate of the American Music Video Network (now The Country Network) in April 2009.
On August 30, 2010, KMYS, a Sinclair-owned station serving the San Antonio market and licensed to nearby Kerrville (and also one of the 17 Sinclair-owned stations that were charter affiliates of MyNetworkTV), swapped affiliations with then-CW affiliate KCWX (licensed to Fredericksburg), making it the first known affiliation swap between affiliates of the two netlets in the same market since their formation in 2006.
Due to the availability of "instant duopoly" digital subchannels that are likely easily available on cable and satellite, and the overall lack of a need to settle for a secondary affiliation with shows aired in problematic time slots, both The CW and MyNetworkTV launched with far greater national coverage than that enjoyed by UPN and The WB when they started in 1995. UPN for several years had gaps in the top 30 markets, and by 2005 managed to reach only 86% of the population. This resulted in secondary affiliations with stations carrying other networks. In those markets, programs were either shown out of their intended time-slots or not at all. Examples included Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Enterprise; when they were preempted, there were many viewer complaints. There are a small handful of tiny markets, however, which have MyNetworkTV as a secondary affiliation even on digital subchannels because those markets have only one or two stations, and want to place more emphasis on ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox that those markets may have previously lacked on those subchannels.
Nevertheless, because MyNetworkTV was announced after the formation of The CW and thus got most of the "leftover" stations shut out by The CW, there are still availability issues in some markets. In addition, the network is mostly relegated to low-powered stations in some smaller markets, which do not have must-carry status. The arrival of WWE SmackDown to the network has shown this the most, as wrestling fans have complained about the availability issues in several markets that have The CW but not MyNetworkTV. This was most evident in the Lexington, Kentucky market, when local SmackDown viewers actually protested that they couldn't watch SmackDown because of low-powered MyNetworkTV/Retro Television Network affiliate WBLU-LP not being available on cable.[38] That was solved shortly afterward when ABC affiliate WTVQ-TV agreed to move its weather digital subchannel to 36.3 and convert its former spot on 36.2 into a MyNetworkTV affiliate, stripping WBLU of its affiliation in the process.[39]
Branding[link]
In the months before the network's launch, several stations changed their on-air identities to accommodate for the then-upcoming network, including all of the Fox Television Stations Group-owned stations. Affiliates also began to show promotions for the network featuring the theme of "Entertainment you can call your own." At first, many Fox owned-and-operated stations branded local programming with the My moniker. An example is My 9 and My 9 News for WWOR-TV. However, by the third week in October, at least one station, KCOP, went to a two-column brand, with the network logo on the left side and the channel number, 13, on the right. The verbal identification became "MyNetworkTV channel 13." KCOP reverted back to the simpler "My 13" branding in May 2007.
However while this is the conventional branding style for the network, at least thirteen MyNetworkTV affiliates (as of August 2011) currently do not use the "My" branding in any capacity: KPDX in Portland, Oregon (referred to as "PDX TV"), KAUT-TV in Oklahoma City (branded under a unique format appealing to the market's military population as "Freedom 43 TV", and previously "OK43"), Little Rock, Arkansas's KARZ-TV (which goes by "Z42", but was branded "My 42" until 2009), Portland, Maine's WPME (which identifies by its callsign, though it was branded as "MyTV WPME" until 2009), Cincinnati's WSTR-TV (referred to by their longtime branding of "Star 64", though branded as "My64" until 2009), Seattle's KZJO (referred to as "JOEtv" since a 2010 callsign change, though it was branded as "MyQ²" until 2010), Philadelphia's WPHL-TV (referred to by longtime moniker "PHL 17", though it was branded "MyPHL17" prior to 2010), a digital subchannel of CBS affiliate WISC-TV in Madison, Wisconsin (branded as "TVW", but was known as "My Madison TV" until 2009), Honolulu's KFVE (which has branded with its call letters since it moved to virtual channel 9, and previously "K-5" when it was on channel 5), Kansas City's KSMO-TV (which brands with its call letters, though branded "myKSMO TV" until 2011), KCWX in Fredericksburg, Texas (serving the San Antonio market) (which has simply used its call letters since it switched from The CW to MyNetworkTV in 2010, though previous affiliate KMYS had branded as "My 35"), and WBIN-TV in Derry, New Hampshire (serving the Boston market) (referred to as "The New WBIN-TV" since a 2011 call change, though it was branded as either "My TV New England" or simply "My TV" prior to 2011). However, WSTR, WPHL, and KSMO's logos are still patterned after the MyNetworkTV logo.
The network has no digital on-screen graphic logo in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen, allowing their local stations to use their own logo instead if they choose to do so. On November 13, 2006, the network added a translucent show logo to the bottom left side of the screen, but discontinued it in March with the beginning of the third telenovela cycle.
At the time plans for MyNetworkTV were announced, there was at least one station that was using a similar moniker. WZMY-TV in Derry, New Hampshire filed a trademark for the "MyTV" name in the summer of 2005, and for a short time there was speculation the station might sue Fox for the use of "MyTV".[40] However, on July 21, 2006, an e-mail was sent to WZMY's MyTV e-mail subscribers that the station would become the Boston area's MyNetworkTV affiliate. The official announcement came the following week.[41] (As noted above, what is now WBIN-TV no longer uses the branding despite continuing to carry MyNetworkTV programming through September 16, 2011.) On September 19, WSBK-TV (as noted above) took over the MyNetworkTV affiliation in the Boston market from WBIN-TV and now uses both the "My" branding and its existing "TV 38" branding, with the logo patterned after the MyNetworkTV logo (the blue on the lower right hand corner of the logo has been replaced with the orange of the station's "TV 38" logo'; Miami sister station WBFS followed suit the same day).
Network slogans[link]
- Entertainment You Can Call Your Own. (2006)
- My Place for Movies is MyNetworkTV! (2007–2009)
- Total Variety (2009)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Sex Doesn't Sell, CNNMoney.com, September 20, 2006
- ^ MyNetworkTV Shifts from Network to Programming Service, Broadcasting & Cable, February 9, 2009
- ^ MyNetworkTV Changing Business Model[dead link], Hollywood Reporter, February 9, 2009
- ^ MyNetworkTV Will Show Mostly Reruns In The Fall, USA Today, February 9, 2009
- ^ MyNet Shifts Away From Network Model, TV Week, February 9, 2009
- ^ MyNetworkTV will try Plan B | Deseret News
- ^ Malone, Michael (2008-07-21). "KCSG Salt Lake City Grabs MNT Affiliation". Broadcasting & Cable. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6580119.html?rssid=193. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ Storage @ BroadcastNewsroom.com
- ^ Kevin Downey (February 21, 2006). "Media buyers question My Network TV". Media Life Magazine. http://www.medialifemagazine.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=170&num=3038. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
- ^ Edward P. Smith (March 25, 2006). "Latino TV exec takes a new tack on programming". The Denver Post. http://www.denverpost.com/entertainment/ci_3633111. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
- ^ TVWeek.com ~ "MyNetwork TV: No More Scripted", TV Week, March 1, 2007
- ^ Twentieth TV, Shine Plan Live Daytime Series, TV Week, August 30, 2006
- ^ My Network scrambles to draw viewers, Chicago Tribune, January 24, 2007
- ^ MyNetworkTV Executives Plot Schedule Changes, TV Week, December 15, 2006
- ^ FSN and MyNetworkTV Reach Strategic Programming Alliance with International Fight League[dead link], Yahoo!, January 16, 2007
- ^ Fox Networks Enter Mixed Martial Arts Ring, TV Week, January 16, 2007
- ^ MNT Unveils Schedule With Fewer Telenovela Nights, Broadcasting & Cable, February 1, 2007
- ^ MyNetworkTV Adds Movies, Fighting to Schedule, TV Week, February 1, 2007
- ^ MyNetTV to Scrap Novelas, Bypass Upfront, Mediaweek, April 25, 2007
- ^ MyNet Drops Pure-HD Format; Shift From Soap Operas Brings Standard/HD Mix, TV Week HD Newsletter, March 8, 2007
- ^ MyNetworkTV Seeks Arresting Programming, Digital Video Editing, May 29, 2007
- ^ "myNetworkTV new home of SmackDown". WWE. 2008-02-26. http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/smackdownnewhome. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
- ^ "MyNetworkTV Largest Audience Ever Tunes in to the Premiere of “WWE Friday Night SmackDown”". TVbytheNumbers.com. 2008-10-06. http://tvbythenumbers.com/2008/10/06/mynetworktv%c2%ae-largest-audience-ever-tunes-in-to-the-premiere-of-%e2%80%9cwwe%c2%ae-friday-night-smackdown%c2%ae%e2%80%9d/5781. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ MediaPost Publications - MyNetworkTV Off To Slow Start - 09/07/2006
- ^ "Topic Galleries - chicagotribune.com". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-0609030319sep03,1,390611.story?coll=chi-business-hed&ctrack=1&cset=true.
- ^ Exclusive: MNT Cracks Down, Broadcasting & Cable, March 12, 2007
- ^ MNT Opts for One-On-One Upfront Presentations, Speeds Up Reality Broadcasting & Cable April 24, 2007
- ^ MyNetworkTV Regroups, Results Mixed, Media Daily News, October 5, 2007
- ^ Bauder, David (2008-12-22). "My Network TV has surprising success". Globe Gazette (Associated Press). http://www.globegazette.com/articles/2008/12/22/entertainment/tv/doc494f3b73de66a608062277.txt. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
- ^ MNTV: Broadcast Model "Not Working", Media Life Magazine, February 10, 2009
- ^ MyNetworkTV Shifts From Network to Programming Service, Broadcasting & Cable, February 9, 2009
- ^ MyNetworkTV Pins Future on WWE's Brawn, Mediaweek, February 23, 2009
- ^ Litton Interested In MyNetwork's Saturday Time Slots, Broadcasting & Cable, February 10, 2009
- ^ MyNetworkTV Shakeup Music to Syndicators Ears, Broadcasting & Cable, February 16, 2009
- ^ Paige Albiniak, "MyNetwork TV Gets Renewal," Broadcasting & Cable, February 14, 2011.
- ^ MNT Signs Up Seven More - 7/12/2006 3:41:00 PM - Broadcasting & Cable
- ^ myNetworkTV Inks Affiliation Pacts - TVWeek - News[dead link]
- ^ WWE Universe demands SmackDown in Kentucky
- ^ Now a second chance to watch 'Smackdown'. Lexington Herald-Leader. Retrieved on October 31, 2008.
- ^ "TV show: Whose station is it?". http://business.bostonherald.com/businessNews/view.bg?articleid=127585. [dead link]
- ^ "MyNetworkTV Adds Boston Affiliate". http://www.tvweek.com/news/2006/07/myNetworkTV_adds_boston_affili.php. [dead link]
External links[link]
- MyNetworkTV.com (Official Website)
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Orenthal James "O. J." Simpson (born July 9, 1947), nicknamed "The Juice", is a retired American college and professional football player, football broadcaster and actor. Simpson was a running back, the American Football League's Buffalo Bills' first overall pick in the 1969 Common Draft, and the first professional football player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season, a mark he set in 1973. While five other players have passed the 2,000 rush yard mark he stands alone as the only player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a fourteen-game season (professional football changed to a sixteen-game season in 1978). He holds the record for the single season yards-per-game average, which stands at 143.1 ypg. Simpson was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. He also had a successful career in acting and sports commentary.
In 1995, Simpson was acquitted of the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman after a lengthy, internationally publicized criminal trial – the People v. Simpson. In 1997 a civil court awarded a judgment against Simpson for their wrongful deaths; to date he has paid little of the $33.5 million penalty.[2] His book, If I Did It (2006), which purports to be a first-person fictional account of the murders had he actually committed them, was withdrawn by the publisher just before its release. The book was later released by the Goldman family.[3] In September 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, and charged with numerous felonies, including armed robbery and kidnapping.[4] In 2008, he was found guilty[5][6] and sentenced to thirty-three years' imprisonment, with a minimum of nine years without parole.[7] He is serving his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center in Lovelock, Nevada.[8]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Simpson was born in San Francisco, the son of Eunice (née Durden; October 23, 1921 – San Francisco, California, November 9, 2001), a hospital administrator, and Jimmy Lee Simpson (Arkansas, January 29, 1920 – San Francisco, California, June 9, 1986), a chef and bank custodian.[9] Simpson's maternal grandparents were from Louisiana.[10] His aunt gave him the name Orenthal, which supposedly was the name of a French actor she liked.[11] Simpson has one brother, Melvin Leon "Truman" Simpson, and one living sister, Shirley Simpson-Baker, and one deceased sister, Carmelita Simpson-Durio. As a child, Simpson developed rickets and wore braces on his legs until the age of five.[12] His parents separated in 1952.[citation needed]
At Galileo High School in San Francisco, Simpson played for the school football team, the Galileo Lions. From 1965 to 1966, Simpson was a student at City College of San Francisco, a member of the California Community College system. He played both offense (running back) and defense (defensive back) and was named to the Junior College All-American team as a running back.
College football career[link]
Simpson gained an athletic scholarship to the University of Southern California where he played running back in 1967 and 1968. Simpson led the nation in rushing in 1967 when he ran for 1,451 yards and scored 11 touchdowns. He also led the nation in rushing the next year with 355 carries for 1,709 yards.
In 1967, he starred in the 1967 USC vs. UCLA football game and was a Heisman Trophy candidate as a junior, but he did not win the award. His 64-yard touchdown run in the fourth quarter tied the game, with the extra point after touchdown providing the win. This was the biggest play in what is regarded as one of the greatest football games of the 20th century.[13]
Another dramatic touchdown in the same game is the subject of the Arnold Friberg oil painting, O.J. Simpson Breaks for Daylight. Simpson also won the Walter Camp Award in 1967 and was a two-time consensus All-American.[14] He ran in the USC sprint relay quartet that broke the world record in the 4x110 yard relay at the NCAA track championships in Provo, Utah in June 1967. (While this time has not been beaten, the IAAF now refers to it as a world's best, not a world record. The scarcity of events over distances measured in imperial units resulted in the designation change in 1976.)[15]
In 1968, he rushed for 1,709 yards and 22 touchdowns, earning the Heisman Trophy, the Maxwell Award, and the Walter Camp Award that year. He still holds the record for the Heisman's largest margin of victory, defeating the runner-up by 1,750 points. In the 1969 Rose Bowl where No. 2 USC faced No. 1 Ohio State, Simpson ran for 171 yards, including an 80-yard touchdown run in a 16–27 loss.[16]
Professional football career[link]
Buffalo Bills[link]
Simpson was drafted by the AFL's Buffalo Bills, who got first pick in the 1969 AFL-NFL Common Draft after finishing 1–12–1 in 1968. Early in his professional football career, Simpson struggled on poor Buffalo teams, averaging only 622 yards per season for his first three.
He first rushed for more than 1,000 yards in 1972, gaining a total of 1,251. In 1973, Simpson rushed for a record 2,003 yards, becoming the first player ever to pass the 2,000-yard mark, and scored 12 touchdowns. Simpson gained more than 1,000 rushing yards for each of his next three seasons. From 1972 to 1976, Simpson averaged 1,540 rushing yards per (14 game) season, 5.1 yards per carry, and he won the NFL rushing title four times. Simpson had the best game of his career during the Thanksgiving game against the Detroit Lions on November 25, 1976, when he rushed for a then record 273 yards on 29 attempts and scoring two touchdowns.
Simpson's 1977 season in Buffalo was cut short by injury.
San Francisco 49ers[link]
Before the 1978 season, the Bills traded Simpson to the San Francisco 49ers for a series of draft picks.[17] He played two seasons.
Summary[link]
Simpson gained 11,236 rushing yards, placing him 2nd on the NFL's all-time rushing list; he now stands at 17th. He was named NFL Player of the Year in 1973, and played in six Pro Bowls. He was the only player in NFL history to rush for over 2,000 yards in a 14 game season and he's the only player to rush for over 200 yards in six different games in his career. Simpson was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985, his first year of eligibility.
Simpson acquired the nickname "Juice" as a play on "O. J.", an informal abbreviation for "Orange Juice". "Juice" is also a colloquial synonym for electricity or electrical power, and hence a metaphor for any powerful entity; the Bills' offensive line at Simpson's peak was nicknamed "The Electric Company."
Acting career[link]
Even before his retirement from football and in the NFL, Simpson embarked on a successful film career with parts in films such as the television mini-series Roots, and the dramatic motion pictures The Cassandra Crossing, Capricorn One, The Klansman, The Towering Inferno, and the comedic Back to the Beach and The Naked Gun trilogy. In 1979, he started his own film production company, Orenthal Productions, which dealt mostly in made-for-TV fare such as the family-oriented Goldie and the Boxer films with Melissa Michaelsen and Cocaine and Blue Eyes, the pilot for a proposed detective series on NBC. NBC was considering whether to air Frogmen, another series starring Simpson, when his arrest canceled the project.[18]
Simpson's amiable persona and natural charisma landed him numerous endorsement deals. He was a spokesman for the Hertz rental car company. He would be depicted running through airports, as if to suggest he was back on the football field. Simpson was also a longtime spokesman for Pioneer Chicken and owned two franchises, one of which was destroyed during the 1992 Los Angeles riots; as well as HoneyBaked Ham, the pX Corporation, and Calistoga Water Company's line of Napa Naturals soft drinks. He also appeared in comic book ads for Dingo cowboy boots.
Besides his acting career, Simpson worked as a commentator for Monday Night Football and The NFL on NBC.[19] He also appeared in the audience of Saturday Night Live during its second season and hosted an episode during its third season.[20][21]
Family life[link]
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On June 24, 1967, Simpson married Marguerite L. Whitley. Together they had three children: Arnelle L. Simpson (born December 4, 1968), Jason L. Simpson (born April 21, 1970) and Aaren Lashone Simpson (born September 24, 1977). In August 1979, Aaren drowned in the family's swimming pool a month before her second birthday.[22] Simpson and Whitley were also divorced that same year.[23]
On February 2, 1985, Simpson married Nicole Brown. They had two children, Sydney Brooke Simpson (born October 17, 1985) and Justin Ryan Simpson (born August 6, 1988), and were divorced in 1992.
Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman were murdered on June 12, 1994. Simpson was charged with their deaths and subsequently acquitted of all criminal charges in a controversial criminal trial. In the unanimous jury findings of a civil court case in February 1997, Simpson was found liable for the wrongful death of Ronald Goldman and battery of Nicole Brown.
Legal history[link]
Criminal trial for murder[link]
Main article: O. J. Simpson murder case
In 1989, Simpson pleaded no contest to a domestic violence charge and was separated from Nicole Brown, to whom he was paying child support. On June 12, 1994 Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman were found dead outside Brown's condominium. Simpson was charged with their murders. On June 17, after failing to turn himself in, he became the object of a low-speed pursuit in a white Ford Bronco SUV that interrupted coverage of the 1994 NBA Finals. The pursuit, arrest, and trial were among the most widely publicized events in American history. The trial, often characterized as "the trial of the century," culminated on October 3, 1995 in a jury verdict of not guilty for the two murders. The verdict was seen live on TV by more than half of the U.S. population, making it one of the most watched events in American TV history. Immediate reaction to the verdict was notable for its division along racial lines: polls showed that most African-Americans felt that justice had been served by the "not guilty" verdict, while most white Americans did not.[24] O. J. Simpson's defense counsel included Johnnie Cochran, Robert Kardashian, and F. Lee Bailey.
Wrongful death civil trial[link]
On February 5, 1997 a civil jury in Santa Monica, California unanimously found Simpson liable for the wrongful death of and battery against Goldman, and battery against Brown. Daniel Petrocelli represented plaintiff Fred Goldman, Ronald Goldman's father. Simpson was ordered to pay $33,500,000 in damages. However, California law protects pensions from being used to satisfy judgments, so Simpson was able to continue much of his lifestyle based on his NFL pension. In February 1999, an auction of Simpson's Heisman Trophy and other belongings netted almost $500,000. The money went to the Goldman family.
A 2000 Rolling Stone article reported that Simpson still made a significant income by signing autographs. He subsequently moved from California to Miami. In Florida, a person's residence cannot be seized to collect a debt under most circumstances. The Goldman family also tried to collect Simpson's NFL pension of $28,000 a year[25] but failed to collect any money.[26]
On September 5, 2006, Goldman's father took Simpson back to court to obtain control over his "right to publicity" for purposes of satisfying the judgment in the civil court case.[2] On January 4, 2007, a Federal judge issued a restraining order prohibiting Simpson from spending any advance he may have received on a canceled book deal and TV interview about the 1994 murders. The matter was dismissed before trial for lack of jurisdiction.[2] On January 19, 2007, a California state judge issued an additional restraining order, ordering Simpson to restrict his spending to "ordinary and necessary living expenses".[2]
On March 13, 2007, a judge prevented Simpson from receiving any further compensation from the defunct book deal and TV interview. He ordered the bundled book rights to be auctioned.[27] In August 2007, a Florida bankruptcy court awarded the rights to the book to the Goldman family to partially satisfy an unpaid civil judgment. The book was renamed If I Did It: Confessions of the Killer, with the word "If" reduced in size to make it appear that the title was "I Did It: Confessions of the Killer", and comments were added to the original manuscript by the Goldman family, author Pablo Fenjves, and prominent investigative journalist Dominick Dunne. The Goldman family was listed as the author.[3]
Alleged confession[link]
Mike Gilbert, a memorabilia dealer and former agent and friend of Simpson, wrote a book titled How I Helped O.J. Get Away with Murder: The Shocking Inside Story of Violence, Loyalty, Regret and Remorse.[28] He states that Simpson had smoked marijuana, took a sleeping pill and was drinking beer when he allegedly confided at his Brentwood home weeks after his trial what happened the night of June 12, 1994. According to Gilbert, Simpson said, "If she hadn't opened that door with a knife in her hand...she'd still be alive."[29] Gilbert claimed Simpson had confessed. However, Simpson's current lawyer, Yale Galanter, said none of Gilbert's claims are true and that Gilbert is "a delusional drug addict who needs money. He has fallen on very hard times. He is in trouble with the Internal Revenue Service."[29]
Miscellaneous legal troubles[link]
The State of California claims Simpson owes $1.44 million in past due taxes.[30] A tax lien was filed in his case on September 1, 1999.[31]
In February 2001, Simpson was arrested in Miami-Dade County, Florida for simple battery and burglary of an occupied conveyance for allegedly yanking the glasses off another motorist during a traffic dispute three months earlier. If convicted, Simpson faced up to sixteen years in prison. He was put on trial and quickly acquitted on both charges in October 2001.[32]
Simpson's Miami home was searched by the FBI on December 4, 2001 on suspicion of ecstasy possession and money laundering. The FBI had received a tip that O.J. Simpson was involved in a major drug trafficking ring after 10 other suspects were arrested in the case. Simpson's home was thoroughly searched for two hours, but no illegal drugs were discovered, and no arrest or formal charges were filed following the search. However, investigators uncovered equipment capable of stealing satellite television programming which eventually led to Simpson being sued in federal court.[33]
On July 4, 2002, O.J. Simpson was arrested in Miami-Dade County, Florida for speeding through a Manatee Protection Zone and failing to comply with proper boating regulations. His attorney, Yale Galanter, was able to get the misdemeanor boating regulation charge dropped and Simpson only had to pay a fine for the speeding infraction.[34]
In March 2004, satellite television network DirecTV, Inc. accused Simpson in a Miami federal court of using illegal electronic devices to pirate its broadcast signals. The company later won a $25,000 judgment, and Simpson was ordered to pay $33,678 in attorney's fees and costs.[35]
Las Vegas robbery[link]
Main article: O. J. Simpson robbery case
| Orenthal James Simpson | |
|---|---|
| Motive | Personal gain |
| Charge(s) | Robbery, kidnapping, coercion, conspiracy |
| Conviction(s) | October 3, 2008 |
| Penalty | Up to 33 years in state prison, eligible for parole after nine years |
| Status | Incarcerated at Lovelock Correctional Center, Nevada |
 |
Wikinews has related news: |
In September 2007, a group of men led by Simpson entered a room at the Palace Station hotel-casino and took sports memorabilia at gunpoint, which resulted in Simpson being questioned by police.[36][37] Simpson admitted to taking the items, which he said had been stolen from him, but denied breaking into the hotel room; he also denied that he or anyone else carried a gun.[38][39] He was released after questioning.
Two days later, however, Simpson was arrested[4] and initially held without bail.[40] Along with three other men, Simpson was charged with multiple felony counts, including criminal conspiracy, kidnapping, assault, robbery, and using a deadly weapon.[41][42] Bail was set at $125,000, with stipulations that Simpson have no contact with the co-defendants and that he surrender his passport. Simpson did not enter a plea.[43][44]
By the end of October 2007, all three of Simpson's co-defendants had plea-bargained with the prosecution in the Clark County, Nevada court case. Walter Alexander and Charles H. Cashmore accepted plea agreements in exchange for reduced charges and their testimony against Simpson and three other co-defendants, including testimony that guns were used in the robbery.[45] Co-defendant Michael McClinton told a Las Vegas judge that he too would plead guilty to reduced charges and testify against Simpson that guns were used in the robbery. After the hearings, the judge ordered that Simpson be tried for the heist.
Simpson's preliminary hearing, to decide whether he would be tried for the charges, occurred on November 8, 2007. He was held over for trial on all 12 counts. Simpson pleaded not guilty on November 29. Court officers and attorneys announced on May 22, 2008, that long questionnaires with at least 115 queries would be given to a jury pool of 400 or more.[46] Trial was reset from April to September 8, 2008.[46]
In January 2008, Simpson was taken into custody in Florida and flown to Las Vegas where he was incarcerated at the county jail for allegedly violating the terms of his bail by attempting to contact Clarence "C.J." Stewart, a co-defendant in the trial. District Attorney David Roger of Clark County provided District Court Judge Jackie Glass with evidence that Simpson had violated his bail terms. A hearing took place on January 16, 2008. Glass raised Simpson's bail to US$250,000 and ordered that he remain in county jail until 15 percent was paid, in cash.[47] Simpson posted bond that evening and returned to Miami the next day.[48]
Simpson and his co-defendant were found guilty of all charges on October 3, 2008.[5] On October 10, 2008, O. J. Simpson's counsels moved for new trial (trial de novo) on grounds of judicial errors (two African-American jurors were dismissed) and insufficient evidence.[49] Galanter announced he would appeal to the Nevada Supreme Court if Judge Glass denied the motion.[49] The attorney for Simpson's co-defendant, C.J. Stewart, petitioned for a new trial, alleging Stewart should have been tried separately, and cited perceived misconduct by the jury foreman, Paul Connelly.[49][50][51]
Simpson faced a possible life sentence with parole on the kidnapping charge, and mandatory prison time for armed robbery.[52] On December 5, 2008, Simpson was sentenced to a total of thirty-three years in prison[53] with the possibility of parole after about nine years, in 2017.[7] On September 4, 2009, the Nevada Supreme Court denied a request for bail during Simpson's appeal. In October 2010, the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed his convictions.[54] He is now serving his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center.[55]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | Ironside | Onlooker – uncredited | TV Episode – "Price Tag Death" |
| Dragnet 1968 | Student - uncredited | TV Episode - "Community Relations DR:10" | |
| 1969 | Medical Center | Bru Wiley | TV Episode "The Last 10 Yards" |
| 1971 | Why? | The Athlete | short film |
| 1972 | Cade's County | Jeff Hughes | TV Episode "Blackout" |
| 1973 | Here's Lucy | Himself | (TV series) episode "The Big Game" |
| 1974 | The Klansman | Garth | |
| O. J. Simpson: Juice on the Loose | Himself | TV documentary | |
| The Towering Inferno | Jernigan | ||
| 1976 | The Cassandra Crossing | Haley | |
| Killer Force | Alexander | ||
| 1977 | A Killing Affair | Woodrow York | TV |
| Roots | Kadi Touray | ||
| 1978 | Capricorn One | Cmdr. John Walker | |
| 1979 | Firepower | Catlett | |
| Goldie and the Boxer | Joe Gallagher | TV (executive producer) | |
| 1980 | Detour to Terror | Lee Hayes | TV (executive producer) |
| 1981 | Goldie and the Boxer Go to Hollywood | Joe Gallagher | TV (executive producer) |
| 1983 | Cocaine and Blue Eyes | Michael Brennen | TV (executive producer) |
| 1984 | Hambone and Hillie | Tucker | |
| 1985–1991 | 1st & Ten | T.D. Parker | Five episodes |
| 1987 | Back to the Beach | Man at Airport | Uncredited |
| Student Exchange | Soccer Coach | TV | |
| 1988 | The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! | Detective Nordberg | |
| 1989 | In the Heat of the Night | Councilman Lawson Stiles | TV episode "Walkout" |
| 1991 | The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear | Detective Nordberg | |
| 1993 | CIA Code Name: Alexa | Nick Murphy | |
| No Place to Hide | Allie Wheeler | ||
| 1994 | Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult | Detective Nordberg | |
| Frogmen | John 'Bullfrog' Burke | unaired TV movie | |
| 2006 | Juiced with O. J. Simpson | Himself | TV pay-per-view |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ [1]
- ^ a b c d "O.J. Simpson ordered to stop spending." CNN. May 3, 2007.
- ^ a b The Goldman Family (2007). If I Did It: Confessions of the Killer. Beaufort Books. ISBN 978-0-8253-0588-7. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080511155407/http://www.beaufortbooks.com/books.php?id=53. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
- ^ a b "O.J. Simpson's Las Vegas Police Arrest Report". FindLaw. September 16, 2007. http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/oj/nvoj91607arrstrpt.html. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ a b "Simpson guilty of robbery, kidnap charges". MSNBC. October 3, 2008. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27010657/. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
- ^ 'O.J. Simpson guilty in armed robbery, kidnapping trial." CNN. October 4, 2008.
- ^ a b Friess, Steve (December 5, 2008). "Simpson Sentenced to at Least 9 Years in Prison". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/06/us/06simpson.html. Retrieved December 5, 2008.
- ^ O.J. transferred to Lovelock, Las Vegas Sun, December 19, 2008
- ^ "O. J. Simpson Biography (1947–)." Film Reference.com.
- ^ "Ancestry of O.J. Simpson.", wargs.com.
- ^ Schwartz, Larry. "Before trial, Simpson charmed America.". ESPN.com. 2000.
- ^ "A timeline of O.J. Simpson's life." CNN.
- ^ Peters, Nick. (1988) "College Football's Twenty-Five Greatest Teams." The Sporting News. Number 9 Southern California Trojans 1967. ISBN 0-89204-281-8.
- ^ University of Southern California Football Media Guide." PDF. Page 125 of the 2006 Edition. USC's ALL-AMERICANS. (Consensus All-American in 1967, Unanimous All-American in 1968).
- ^ "Athletics: World Record progression: Men: 4 × 100 m Relay" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. January 18, 2002. Archived from the original on June 9, 2003. http://web.archive.org/web/20030609203647/multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_78.pdf. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ Jenkins, Dan. "Defense And Rex Make A King." Sports Illustrated. January 13, 1969.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson: Career Capsule". Pro Football Hall of Fame. http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PlayerId=195&tab=Capsule. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
- ^ Lowry, Brian (May 8, 2000). "The Saga of O.J.'s Last, Lost Pilot". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/print/2000/may/08/entertainment/ca-27673. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
- ^ "History of ABC's Monday Night Football". ESPN. January 15, 2003. http://espn.go.com/abcsports/mnf/s/2003/0115/1493105.html. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
- ^ "Ruth Gordon/Chuck Berry". Saturday Night Live. episode 12. season 2. 1977-01-22. NBC. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_(season_2).
- ^ "OJ Simpson/Ashford & Simpson". Saturday Night Live. episode 12. season 3. 1978-02-25. NBC. http://www.nbc.com/Saturday_Night_Live/episodes/Show_84.shtml.
- ^ Associated Press (June 19, 2010). "Simpson's Youngest Daughter Dies After 8 Days In Coma". St. Petersburg Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=alYnAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bnwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6787,3455914&dq=aaren+simpson&hl=en. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- ^ Larry Schwartz. "L.A. Story". ESPN. http://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016477.html. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
- ^ Decker, Cathleen. "Los Angeles Times Poll." Los Angeles Times. October 8, 1995.
- ^ "SI.com – No easy answers – Sep 18, 2007". CNN. September 18, 2007. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/michael_mccann/09/18/hearings/.
- ^ "Judge Rules Simpson's Mother Can Keep Piano". September 30, 1997. Archived from the original on February 13, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080213051600/http://www.courttv.com/casefiles/simpson/ojsimpson.html.
- ^ "Judge Keeps O.J. From Book, TV Proceeds." Newsmax. March 14, 2007.
- ^ Gilbert, Mike (2008). How I Helped O.J. Get Away with Murder: The Shocking Inside Story of Violence, Loyalty, Regret and Remorse. Regnery Publishing. pp. 320. ISBN 1-59698-551-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=7CDHbDDb0TUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=How+I+Helped+O.J.+Get+Away+with+Murder&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^ a b AP (May 10, 2008). "Former manager says O.J. Simpson confessed". CNN. Archived from the original on July 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080711224053/http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/books/05/10/oj.simpson.ap/index.html. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson among those on California tax shame list". Reuters. October 17, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN1733575520071018. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson Makes California Tax Delinquent List". WebCPA. October 19, 2007. http://www.webcpa.com/article.cfm?articleid=25735&pg=newsarticles.
- ^ Wilson, Catherine (October 25, 2001). "Jury clears O.J. Simpson of road-rage charges". The Independent. Associated Press (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jury-clears-oj-simpson-of-roadrage-charges-632646.html. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson's Home Searched By FBI". CBS News. December 4, 2001. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/06/06/national/main202915.shtml.
- ^ "O.j. Fights Boating Citation". September 26, 2002. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/keyword/manatee-zone.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson loses DirecTV piracy case: Ordered to pay $25,000 for using illegal devices to get satellite TV signals". Associated Press. MSNBC. July 26, 2005. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8719276/. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
- ^ "Las Vegas P.D. summary and excerpts of 9/14/07 interview with Simpson". FindLaw. September 16, 2007. http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/oj/nvoj91607arrstrpt5.html. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ "Las Vegas P.D. summary and excerpts of 9/15/07 interview with Alexander". FindLaw. September 16, 2007. http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/oj/nvoj91607arrstrpt.html. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ "Police: Simpson cooperating in armed robbery probe". CNN. September 14, 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/law/09/14/simpson/index.html. [dead link]
- ^ "O.J. Simpson a Suspect in Casino 'Armed Robbery'". FOXNews. September 14, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,296758,00.html.
- ^ Nakashima, Ryan (September 17, 2007). "Apparent tape released of O.J. in Vegas". Associated Press. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-09-16-3123706429_x.htm.
- ^ "State of Nevada v. O.J. Simpson, et al.". FindLaw. September 18, 2007. http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/oj/ojnv91807cmp.html. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ "OJ Simpson faces break-in charges". BBC. September 17, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6997950.stm.
- ^ "Judge sets $125K bail for O.J. Simpson". ABC News. September 19, 2007. http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=3623936. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
- ^ "Simpson's Bail Set at $125,000". TIME Magazine. September 19, 2007. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1663383,00.html?xid=feed-cnn-topics. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
- ^ "Three plead guilty." CNN. October 15, 2007.
- ^ a b "400 jurors could be screened for OJ Simpson trial." Newsmax. May 22, 2008.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson." Hollywood Grind.
- ^ "Day After Judge's Scolding, O.J. Flies Home: Simpson Released From Nevada Prison After Posting Bail". CBS5.com KPIX TV San Francisco. January 17, 2007. Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080515131147/http://cbs5.com/national/Simpson.posts.bail.2.631865.html. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
- ^ a b c nytimes.com, "Nevada: Simpson Appeals." New York Times. October 11, 2008.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson's lawyers request another trial." CNN. October 10, 2008.
- ^ Ritter, Ken. "OJ Simpson seeks new robbery trial in Las Vegas." Associated Press. October 10, 2008.
- ^ "O.J. Simpson Held on Bail Violation." Associated Press. January 11, 2008.
- ^ O.J. Simpson sentenced to long prison term MSNBC (Retrieved on December 5, 2008)
- ^ Martinez, Michael (October 22, 2010). "O.J. Simpson loses appeal in Las Vegas armed robbery trial". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/10/22/nevada.oj.simpson.court/. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
- ^ Offender detail: O.J Simpson. Nevada Department of Corrections. Retrieved on January 6, 2010. (broken link)
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: O. J. Simpson |
- Member Pro Football Hall of Fame: profile
- O. J. Simpson at the College Football Hall of Fame
- O. J. Simpson at the Heisman Trophy
- O. J. Simpson at Pro-Football-Reference.com
- O. J. Simpson at the Internet Movie Database
- O.J. Simpson Profile at USC Legends
| Awards and achievements | ||
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| Preceded by Steve Carlton |
Hickok Belt Winner 1973 |
Succeeded by Muhammad Ali |
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| Preceded by Willie Ellison |
NFL single-game rushing record September 16, 1973 – November 20, 1977 |
Succeeded by Walter Payton |
| Preceded by Jim Brown |
NFL single-season rushing record 1973–1984 |
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| Preceded by Chevy Chase |
Saturday Night Live Host February 25, 1978 |
Succeeded by Art Garfunkel |
| Persondata | |
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| Name | Simpson, O. J. |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1947-7-9 San Francisco |
| Place of birth | San Francisco, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
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http://wn.com/O._J._Simpson
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Orenthal James Simpson
http://id.wn.com/O. J. Simpson
http://es.wn.com/O.J. Simpson
http://ru.wn.com/Симпсон, О. Джей
http://nl.wn.com/O.J. Simpson
http://pt.wn.com/O. J. Simpson
http://pl.wn.com/O.J. Simpson
http://fr.wn.com/O. J. Simpson
http://de.wn.com/O. J. Simpson
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O._J._Simpson
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Will Smith, see William Smith (disambiguation).
| Will Smith | |
|---|---|
 Smith in 2011 |
|
| Born | Willard Christopher Smith, Jr. (1968-09-25) September 25, 1968 (age 43) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Other names | The Fresh Prince |
| Occupation | Actor, producer, rapper |
| Years active | 1985–1993, 1997–2005 (rapping), 1990–present (acting) |
| Spouse |
Sheree Zampino (m. 1992–1995) «start: (1992)–end+1: (1996)»"Marriage: Sheree Zampino to Will Smith" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Will_Smith) |
| Children | Trey Smith Jaden Smith Willow Smith |
| Website | |
| www.willsmith.com | |
Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. (born September 25, 1968),[1] also known by his stage name The Fresh Prince, is an American actor, producer, and rapper. He has enjoyed success in television, film and music. In April 2007, Newsweek called him the most powerful actor in Hollywood.[2] Smith has been nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, two Academy Awards, and has won multiple Grammy Awards.
In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. The show ran for nearly six years (1990–1996) on NBC and has been syndicated consistently on various networks since then. In the mid-1990s, Smith moved from television to film, and ultimately starred in numerous blockbuster films. He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $100 million in the domestic box office and the only one to have eight consecutive films in which he starred open at #1 spot in the domestic box office tally.[3]
Fourteen of the nineteen fiction films he has acted in have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $100 million, and four took in over $500 million in global box office receipts. As of 2011, his films have grossed $5.7 billion in global box office.[4] His most financially successful films have been Bad Boys, Bad Boys II, Independence Day, Men in Black, Men in Black II, I, Robot, I Am Legend, Hancock, Wild Wild West, Enemy of the State, Shark Tale, Hitch and Seven Pounds. He also earned critical praise for his performances in Six Degrees of Separation, Ali and The Pursuit of Happyness, receiving Best Actor Oscar nominations for the latter two.
Contents |
Family and early life[link]
Born and raised in the Wynnefield section of West Philadelphia, Smith also lived in Germantown in Northwest Philadelphia. His mother, Caroline (née Bright), was a school administrator who worked for the Philadelphia school board, and his father, Willard Christopher Smith, Sr., was a refrigeration engineer.[5][6] He was raised Baptist.[7] His parents separated when he was thirteen,[8] and did not actually divorce until around 2000.[9]
It is untrue, though widely reported, that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); he never applied to the school,[10] although he was admitted to a "pre-engineering program" there.[9] According to Smith, "My mother, who worked for the School Board of Philadelphia, had a friend who was the admissions officer at MIT. I had pretty high SAT scores and they needed black kids, so I probably could have gotten in. But I had no intention of going to college."[11]
Recording and acting career[link]
Early work (1985–1995)[link]
Smith started as the MC of the hip-hop duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, with his childhood friend Jeffrey "DJ Jazzy Jeff" Townes as turntablist and producer,[12] as well as Ready Rock C (Clarence Holmes) as the human beat box. The trio was known for performing humorous, radio-friendly songs, most notably "Parents Just Don't Understand" and "Summertime".[12] They gained critical acclaim and won the first Grammy awarded in the Rap category (1988).[12]
Smith had a line in "Voices That Care", a 1991 Persian Gulf War song by a celebrity group. Smith spent money freely during his early career and underpaid his income taxes.[12] The Internal Revenue Service eventually assessed a $2.8 million tax debt against Smith, took many of his possessions, and garnished his income.[13] Smith was nearly bankrupt in 1990, when the NBC television network signed him to a contract and built a sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, around him.[12]
The show was successful and began his acting career. Smith set for himself the goal of becoming "the biggest movie star in the world," studying box office successes' common characteristics.[8] His first major roles were in the drama Six Degrees of Separation (1993) and the action film Bad Boys (1995) which he starred opposite of Martin Lawrence.
Breakthrough (1996–2000)[link]
In 1996, Smith starred as part of an ensemble cast in Roland Emmerich's Independence Day. The film was a massive blockbuster, becoming the second highest grossing film in history at the time and establishing Smith as a prime box office draw.[14] He later struck gold again in the summer of 1997 alongside Tommy Lee Jones in the summer hit Men in Black playing Agent J. In 1998, Smith starred with Gene Hackman in Enemy of the State.[12]
He turned down the role of Neo in The Matrix in favor of Wild Wild West (1999). Despite the disappointment of Wild Wild West, Smith has said that he harbors no regrets about his decision, asserting that Keanu Reeves's performance as Neo was superior to what Smith himself would have achieved.[15] Though in interviews subsequent to the release of Wild Wild West he stated that he "made a mistake on Wild Wild West. That could have been better."[16]
2001–present[link]
In 2005, Smith was entered into the Guinness Book of World Records for attending a record breaking three premieres in a 24-hour time span.[17]
He has planned to star in a feature film remake of the television series It Takes a Thief.[18]
On December 10, 2007, Smith was recognized at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard. Smith left an imprint of his hands and feet outside the world renowned theater in front of many fans.[19] Later that month, Smith starred in the film I Am Legend, released December 14, 2007. Despite marginally positive reviews,[20] its opening was the largest ever for a film released in the United States during December. Smith himself has said that he considers the film to be "aggressively unique".[21] A reviewer said that the film's commercial success "cemented [Smith's] standing as the number one box office draw in Hollywood."[22] On December 1, 2008, TV Guide reported that Smith has been selected as one of America’s top ten most fascinating people of 2008 for a Barbara Walters ABC special that aired on December 4, 2008.[23]
Smith is currently developing a film entitled The Last Pharaoh, in which he will star as Taharqa.[24]
President Barack Obama has stated that if a film were to ever be made about his life, he would have Smith play his part, because "he has the ears". Obama stated that the two have discussed a possibility of a film based on the 2008 election, but this may not happen until the end of the Obama presidency.[25]
Men in Black III opened on May 25, 2012. In it, Smith will play Agent J for the third time, being one of his more popular earlier roles coincides with the fact that it will be his first major starring role in four years.
On August 19, 2011, it was announced[26] that Smith had returned to the studio with producer La Mar Edwards to make a new album. Edwards has worked with artists such as T.I., Chris Brown, and Game.
Smith and his son, Jaden, are currently filming After Earth, which is set for a 2013 release.
Personal life[link]
Smith was raised by his parents in West Philadelphia. Smith credits his father's dedication when discussing his involvement in the lives of his own children: "I look at my father and how he was able to keep four kids fed and clothed and still managed to find time to spend with us."[27] Smith married Sheree Zampino in 1992. They had a son, Willard Christopher Smith III, also known as "Trey", but divorced in 1995. Trey appeared in his father's music video for the 1998 single "Just the Two of Us".
Smith married actress Jada Pinkett in 1997. Together they have had two children: Jaden Christopher Syre (born 1998), his co-star in The Pursuit of Happyness, and Willow Camille Reign (born 2000), who appeared as his daughter in I Am Legend. Along with his brother, Harry Smith, he owns Treyball Development Inc.,[28] a Beverly Hills-based company named after his first son. Smith and his family reside on Star Island in Miami Beach, Florida and in Los Angeles, Stockholm, Sweden[29] and Philadelphia.
Smith was consistently listed in Fortune Magazine's "Richest 40" list of the forty wealthiest Americans under the age of 40. He donated $4,600 to the presidential campaign of Democrat Barack Obama.[30] On December 11, 2009, Smith and his wife hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway, when Obama had won the prize.[31]
Smith has said he has studied multiple religions, including Scientology, and he has said many complimentary things about Scientology and other faiths. Despite his praise of Scientology, Smith said "I just think a lot of the ideas in Scientology are brilliant and revolutionary and non-religious"[32][33] and "Ninety-eight percent of the principles in Scientology are identical to the principles of the Bible.... I don't think that because the word someone uses for spirit is 'thetan' that the definition becomes any different."[34] He has denied having joined the Church of Scientology, saying "I am a Christian. I am a student of all religions, and I respect all people and all paths."[35]
Smith gave $1.3 million to charities in 2007, of which $450,000 went to two Christian ministries, and $122,500 went to three Scientology organizations; the remaining beneficiaries included "a Los Angeles mosque, other Christian-based schools and churches, and [...] the Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel".[36] Smith and his wife have also founded a private elementary school in Calabasas, California, the New Village Leadership Academy, which uses Study Technology, a teaching methodology developed by L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology.[37] Federal tax filing showed that Will Smith donated $1.2 million to the school in 2010.[38]
In 2012 he expressed support for the legalizing of same-sex marriage, in an endorsement of president Barack Obama's declaration to adopt this stance on the issue.[39]
Discography[link]
Main articles: Will Smith discography and DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince discography
With DJ Jazzy Jeff[link]
- Rock the House (1987)
- He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper (1988)
- And in This Corner... (1989)
- Homebase (1991)
- Code Red (1993)
Solo[link]
- Big Willie Style (1997)
- Willennium (1999)
- Born to Reign (2002)
- Lost and Found (2005)
Filmography[link]
Television[link]
| Year | Show | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Saturday Morning Videos | Host | |
| ABC Afterschool Special – "The Perfect Date" | Hawker | ||
| The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air | Will Smith | 1990–1996 | |
| 1992 | Blossom | Himself | Cameo, episode 18 "I'm with the Band" |
| 1997 | Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child | Pinocchio | Episode 14 of Season 2 which aired on April 13, 1997. |
| 2003 | All of Us | Johnny | 2003–2004; 3 episodes; Creator/Executive Producer |
| 2004 | American Chopper | Himself | Cameo |
Film[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Where the Day Takes You | Manny | |
| 1993 | Made in America | Tea Cake Walters | |
| Six Degrees of Separation | Paul | ||
| 1995 | Bad Boys | Detective Mike Lowrey | |
| 1996 | Independence Day | Captain Steven "Steve" Hiller, USMC | MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss |
| 1997 | Men in Black | James Darrell Edwards / Agent J | MTV Movie Award for Best Fight MTV Movie Award for Best Song from a Movie |
| 1998 | Enemy of the State | Robert Clayton Dean | Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 1999 | Torrance Rises | Himself | Cameo |
| Wild Wild West | Captain James "Jim" West | ||
| 2000 | Welcome to Hollywood | Himself | |
| The Legend of Bagger Vance | Bagger Vance | Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture | |
| 2001 | Ali | Muhammad Ali | MTV Movie Award for Best Performance Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actor Nominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 2002 | Men in Black II | James Darrell Edwards / Agent J | BET Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Reel Award for Best Actor |
| "Girlfriend" by B2K | The Godfather | Music video | |
| 2003 | Bad Boys II | Detective Mike Lowrey | Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 2004 | A Closer Walk | Narrator | Documentary |
| Jersey Girl | Himself | Uncredited Cameo | |
| I, Robot | Detective Del Spooner | Producer Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
|
| The Seat Filler | Executive Producer; Independent Film | ||
| Saving Face | Producer | ||
| Shark Tale | Oscar | Voice | |
| 2005 | There's a God on the Mic | Documentary | |
| Hitch | Alex "Hitch" Hitchens | Producer Nominated—BET Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Movie Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Reel Award for Best Actor Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
|
| 2006 | The Pursuit of Happyness | Chris Gardner | Producer Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Reel Award for Best Actor Nominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role |
| 2007 | I Am Legend | Dr. Robert Neville | Producer MTV Movie Award for Best Performance Saturn Award for Best Actor Nominated—BET Award for Best Actor Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 2008 | Hancock | John Hancock | Producer Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Actor |
| Lakeview Terrace | Producer | ||
| The Secret Life of Bees | Producer | ||
| Seven Pounds | Ben Thomas | Producer | |
| 2010 | The Karate Kid | Producer | |
| 2012 | This Means War | Producer |
|
| Men in Black III[40] | James Darrell Edwards / Agent J | ||
| 2013 | After Earth | Jack | Producer |
Box office grosses[link]
| Year | Title | Budget | U.S. gross[41] | Worldwide gross[41] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Where the Day Takes You | N/A | $390,152 | $390,152 |
| 1993 | Made in America | $44,942,695 | $104,942,695 | |
| Six Degrees of Separation | $6,284,090 | $6,284,090 | ||
| 1995 | Bad Boys | $23m | $65,647,413 | $141,247,413 |
| 1996 | Independence Day | $75m | $306,169,255 | $817,400,878 |
| 1997 | Men in Black | $90m | $250,690,539 | $587,790,539 |
| 1998 | Enemy of the State | $111,549,836 | $250,649,836 | |
| 1999 | Wild Wild West | $170m | $113,805,681 | $222,105,681 |
| 2000 | The Legend of Bagger Vance | $80m | $30,695,227 | $39,235,486 |
| 2001 | Ali | $107m | $58,183,966 | $84,383,966 |
| 2002 | Men in Black II | $140m | $190,418,803 | $441,818,803 |
| 2003 | Bad Boys II | $60m | $138,540,870 | $272,940,870 |
| 2004 | I, Robot | $120m | $144,801,023 | $348,601,023 |
| Shark Tale | $75m | $161,192,000 | $367,192,000 | |
| 2005 | Hitch | $70m | $177,784,257 | $366,784,257 |
| 2006 | The Pursuit of Happyness | $55m | $162,586,036 | $306,086,036 |
| 2007 | I Am Legend | $150m | $256,393,010 | $585,055,701 |
| 2008 | Hancock | $227,946,274 | $624,346,274 | |
| Seven Pounds | $55m | $69,369,933 | $166,617,328 | |
| 2012 | Men in Black 3 | $69,254,717[42] | $202,454,717 |
References[link]
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Will Smith > Overview". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p278403. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
- ^ Sean Smith (2007-04-09). "The $4 Billion Man". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/2007/04/15/the-4-billion-man.html. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- ^ "WEEKEND ESTIMATES: 'Hancock' Delivers $107M 5-Day Opening, Giving Will Smith a Record Eighth Consecutive $100M Grossing Movie!; 'WALL-E' with $33M 3-Day; 'Wanted' Down 60 Percent for $20.6M; 'Kit Kittredge' a Disaster!". Fantasy Moguls. 2008-07-03. http://news.fantasymoguls.com/originalcontent/2008/07/early-wednesday.html. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
- ^ Staskiewicz, Keith. "Will Smith's Road to Superstardom". Entertainment Weekly. July 8, 2011. page 10
- ^ "Will Smith Biography (1968–)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/92/Will-Smith.html. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ "Where there's a Will, there's a way". Taipei Times. 2004-08-09. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2004/08/09/2003198111.
- ^ Strauss, Bob (2007-12-14). "Will Smith on power, dogs and Cruise". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ent/movies/5377381.html. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ a b Rebecca Winters Keegan (2007-11-29). "The Legend of Will Smith". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1689234,00.html.
- ^ a b James Lipton (producer) (2002-01-13). "Will Smith". Inside the Actors Studio. episode 806. season 8. Bravo. http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Will_Smith.
- ^ Jennifer Hillner; Wu, JS; Hyland, B; Lu, XD; Chen, JJ (December 2007). "I, Robocop". Wired 46 (8): 833–9. DOI:10.1007/s11517-008-0355-6. PMID 18509686. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.07/smith.html.
- ^ Meg Grant (December 2006). "Will Smith Interview: Will's Roots". Reader's Digest. http://www.rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=31133. Retrieved 2006-06-27.
- ^ a b c d e f Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2002
- ^ Smith, Will (2007-12-02). Interview with Steve Kroft. 60 Minutes. CBS.
- ^ "Independence Day". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=independenceday.htm. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "Smith has no Matrix Regrets". Contactmusic.com. http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/smith%20has%20no%20matrix%20regrets. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ Total Film magazine, Feb 2009 Issue 151, pp 120-125, Will Smith: The Total Film Interview, by Lesley O'Toole, Future Publishing Ltd., London England
- ^ Daniel Saney (2005-02-23). "Will Smith in Guinness Book of Records". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/a19424/will-smith-in-guinness-book-of-records.html.
- ^ Gabriel Snyder; Michael Fleming (2006-03-21). "U finds man of steal for 'Thief' feature". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117940129.html.
- ^ "''HHWorlds.com'' – Will Smith Immortalized At Grauman's Chinese Theater". Hhworlds.com. http://www.hhworlds.com/f11/12-11-07-will-smith-immortalized-grauman-s-chinese-theater-9841.html#post102972. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ "I Am Legend". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/i_am_legend/. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ Will Smith: He is a legend video interview with stv.tv, December 2007
- ^ Gitesh Pandya (2007-12-16). "Box Office Guru Wrapup: Will Smith Rescues Industry With Explosive Opening For I Am Legend". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/news/1697664. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ Barbara Walters Gets Up Close with 2008's Most Fascinating People" TV Guide. December 1, 2008. Retrieved on December 3, 2008.
- ^ "Will Smith set to conquer Egypt?". Jam Showbiz. 2008-03-23. http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/S/Smith_Will/2008/03/23/5078376-sun.html. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ "In the movie of Obama's life, he'd pick Will Smith to star". Sun-Times. 2008-02-26. http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/people/813369,obamamovies022608.article. Retrieved 2009-12-09. "Will and I have talked about this because he has the ears!"
- ^ "Will Smith making a new album? A producer says yes". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/08/19/will-smith-new-album/.
- ^ "Becoming ... Will Smith". People. 2005-03-28. http://www.people.com/people/gallery/0,,661258_5,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "Treyball Development". Treyball Development. http://www.treyballdevelopment.com. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ "Hail to the chief: Mr Will Smith shall go to Washington". Daily Mail. UK. 2007-12-27. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-500394/Hail-chief-Mr-Will-Smith-shall-Washington.html. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "Will Smith's Federal Campaign Contribution Report". newsmeat.com. http://www.newsmeat.com/celebrity_political_donations/Will_Smith.php. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize Concert". nobelpeaceprize.org. http://nobelpeaceprize.org/concert/history/2009.php. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ "Smith Turns Down Cruise's Scientology Bid". Hollywood.com. 2006-12-01. http://www.hollywood.com/news/Smith_Turns_Down_Cruises_Scientology_Bid/3591886.
- ^ Clark Collis (June 2005). "Dear Superstar: Will Smith". Blender. http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=1604.
- ^ "Will Smith Admits to Studying Scientology With Tom Cruise". US Magazine. 2007-11-20. http://www.usmagazine.com/node/13443.
- ^ "Will and Jada are not Scientologists". MSN Entertainment. 2008-03-18. Archived from the original on 2008-04-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20080408090704/http://entertainment.uk.msn.com/news/article.aspx?cp-documentid=7843428.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (December 17, 2008). "Will Smith Gives $1.3 Million to Charities". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,468644,00.html. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Downie, Heather (2000-09-11). "What Goes on Inside Will Smith, Jada Pinkett-Smith's School? The New Village Leadership Academy Allegedly Mimics Some Scientology Teaching Methods". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/smiths-alleged-scientology-school/story?id=8331367&page=1.
- ^ http://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerfriedman/2012/04/24/will-smith-invested-1-2-mil-into-school-with-scientology-ties-in-2010/
- ^ Will Smith supports gay marriage retrieved 16 May 2012
- ^ Brendon Connelly (April 21, 2010). "Barry Sonnenfeld Confirms Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones For Men in Black 3D". /Film. http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/04/21/barry-sonnenfeld-confirms-will-smith-and-tommy-lee-jones-for-men-in-black-3d/. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
- ^ a b "Will Smith – Box Office Data". The Numbers. http://www.the-numbers.com/people/WSMIT.php. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
- ^ http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mib3.htm
Further reading[link]
- Iannucci, Lisa (2009). Will Smith: A Biography. Greenwood. ISBN 0-313-37610-7.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Will Smith |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Will Smith |
- Official website
- Will Smith at the Internet Movie Database
- Will Smith at Yahoo! Movies
- Will Smith on Charlie Rose in 2002
- Will Smith at People.com
- Will Smith discography at MusicBrainz
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Smith Jr., Willard Christopher |
| Alternative names | Smith, Will |
| Short description | Actor, producer, and rapper |
| Date of birth | September 25, 1968 |
| Place of birth | Wynnefield, West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Will_Smith
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Smith
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"The Nature Boy" redirects here. For other uses, see Nature Boy (disambiguation).
| Ric Flair | |
|---|---|
 Ric Flair in 2008. |
|
| Ring name(s) | Ric Flair[1] The Black Scorpion[1] "Ramblin" Ricky Rhodes[1] |
| Billed height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)[2] |
| Billed weight | 243 lb (110 kg)[2] |
| Born | (1949-02-25) February 25, 1949 (age 63)[3] Memphis, Tennessee[4] |
| Resides | Charlotte, North Carolina[2] |
| Billed from | Charlotte, North Carolina[2] |
| Trained by | Verne Gagne[2][5] |
| Debut | December 10, 1972 |
Richard Morgan Fliehr[3] (born February 25, 1949)[3] is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Ric Flair.[6] Also known as "The Nature Boy", Flair is considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time with a professional career that spans 40 years. [7] He is currently working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and is noted for his lengthy and highly decorated tenures with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and the World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (now known as WWE). Flair is officially recognized by WWE, TNA and PWI as a 16-time World Heavyweight Champion (seven-time NWA Champion, seven-time WCW Champion and two-time WWF Champion) although his actual tally of World Championship reigns varies by source—Flair considers himself a 21-time world champion.[8]
In World Championship Wrestling (WCW), he also had two stints as a booker—in 1989–1990 and 1994.[9] Flair also became the first and only man to have won the WWF Championship in a Royal Rumble match, when he accomplished this in the 1992 edition of the event. In 2012, Flair became the first ever double inductee in the WWE Hall of Fame, first inducted in 2008 for his individual career, and for a second time in 2012 as a member of the Four Horsemen. He is also an NWA Hall of Famer (class of 2008). Flair's hair styles and mannerisms are based on those of Buddy Rogers, who previously and famously used the "Nature Boy" gimmick in the 1950s and '60s. Coincidentally, Flair also followed Rogers in becoming the second man to win both the WWF and the NWA World Heavyweight Championships.
Flair was the first WCW World Champion, having been awarded the title following WCW's secession from the NWA in 1991. With that, he also became the first WCW Triple Crown Champion upon being awarded the title, having already held the United States and World Tag Team titles. In 2005, he completed WWE's version of the Triple Crown when he won the Intercontinental Championship, after already holding the WWF (now WWE) Championship, as well as the World Tag Team Championship, becoming the third man to win both the WCW and WWE Triple Crown (after Bret Hart and Chris Benoit). Using the officially recognized totals (by WWE, TNA and PWI) of 16 World Championships and a record-tying five U.S. Championship reigns, Flair has won a total of 30 different major championships between the NWA, WCW, and WWE, with numerous regional titles also to his credit.
Contents
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Early life[link]
Richard Fleihr (Ric Flair) was born on February 25, 1949. In the opening chapter of his autobiography To Be the Man, he notes that his birth name is given on different documents as Fred. At the time of his adoption (arranged by the notorious Tennessee Children's Home Society, later shut down for adoption fraud), his father was completing a residency in Detroit. Shortly afterward, the family settled in Edina, Minnesota, where the young Richard Fliehr lived throughout his childhood. After grade 9, he attended Wayland Academy, a coeducational boarding school in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, for four years (five years total in high school) during which time he participated in interscholastic wrestling, football and track.[10]
As a teen, Flair took a summer job as a lifeguard at a local pool in Minnesota, where he received his first exposure to the wrestling business when he met the legendary Vachon brothers. In both 1966 and 1968, Flair won the state private school wrestling championship and was recruited to the University of Minnesota on a football scholarship, where he played alongside Greg Gagne, the son of Verne Gagne. Flair dropped out of college before receiving his degree, and he then worked as a bouncer at a nearby club, where he met Olympic weightlifter Ken Patera, who was preparing for a ring career at Verne Gagne's wrestling school. Patera introduced Flair to Verne Gagne, who agreed to take him on as a member of his training class.
Professional wrestling career[link]
American Wrestling Association (1972–1974)[link]
Under the tutelage of Josh Klemme[5] and Billy Robinson, Flair attended Gagne's first Wrestling camp with Greg Gagne, Jim Brunzell, Iron Sheik, and Ken Patera at Gagne's barn outside of Minneapolis in the winter of 1971. Flair met Ken Patera when he was working as a bouncer after dropping out of school at the U of M after completing his freshman year there in 1968-69. They lived together for a while in South Minneapolis. Flair made fast progress, and in December 1972, he made his debut in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, battling George "Scrap Iron" Gadaski to a 10-minute draw while adopting the ring name "Ric Flair."[5] Then weighing nearly 300 pounds with short brown hair, Flair scarcely resembled his future "Nature Boy" image. But he drew attention with his charismatic personality and ring endurance. During his time in the American Wrestling Association, Flair had matches with Dusty Rhodes, André the Giant, Larry Hennig, and Wahoo McDaniel.[11]
National Wrestling Alliance[link]
Becoming the Nature Boy (1974–1981)[link]
In 1974, Flair left the AWA for Jim Crockett's Mid-Atlantic region in the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA);[11] and he soon captured his first singles title when, on February 8, 1975, he beat Paul Jones for the Mid-Atlantic TV Championship. On October 4, 1975, however, Flair's career nearly ended when he was in a serious plane crash in Wilmington, North Carolina that took the life of the pilot and paralyzed Johnny Valentine (also on board were "Mr. Wrestling I" Tim Woods, Bob Bruggers, and promoter David Crockett).[12] Flair broke his back in three places and, at age 26, was told by doctors that he would never wrestle again.[12] Flair conducted a rigorous physical therapy schedule, however, and he returned to the ring just six months later, where he resumed his feud with Wahoo McDaniel in February 1976.[12] The crash did force Flair to change his wrestling technique away from the power brawling style he had used early on, which led him to adopt the "Nature Boy" style he would use throughout his career.
Groomed by Jim Crockett Jr. as his future top star, Flair won the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship when he defeated Bobo Brazil on July 29, 1977; and during the next three years, he held five reigns as U.S. Champion while feuding with Ricky Steamboat, Roddy Piper, Mr. Wrestling II, Jimmy Snuka, and Greg Valentine (with whom he also formed a championship tag team). Flair, however, reached elite status when he began referring to himself as "The Nature Boy" in order to incite a 1978 feud with the original "Nature Boy", Buddy Rogers, who put Flair over in one encounter.
NWA World Heavyweight Champion (1981–1986)[link]
On September 17, 1981, Flair reached the top of the mountain when he beat Dusty Rhodes for his first NWA World Heavyweight Championship. In the following years, Flair eventually established himself as the promotion's main franchise in the midst of emerging competition from Vince McMahon's World Wrestling Federation. With his outlandish wit and entertaining interview style, Flair embodied the role of the World Champion—sporting bleached blond hair, elegant jewelry, designer suits, and elaborate custom robes while dishing out his trademark chops and figure four leglock. All the while, Flair taunted his opponents with his "Wooo!" shout while boasting that "To be 'The Man,' you gotta beat the man!".
In 1982, Jack Veneno and Flair had a series of matches. Veneno defeated Flair for the World Title, but the NWA did not recognize this change. Flair also wrestled matches with Ricky Steamboat throughout the year. Harley Race won the title from Flair in 1983, but Flair regained the title at Starrcade in Greensboro, North Carolina in a steel cage match; afterward, Race and Flair fought in many different matches in early 1984. Flair won the NWA title, officially, eight more times. As the NWA champion, he defended his belt around the world. Flair lost the title to Race and won it back in the span of three days in New Zealand in March 1984. At the first David Von Erich Memorial Parade of Champions at Texas Stadium, Flair was pinned by Kerry Von Erich. Flair regained the title eighteen days later in Japan.
He then reigned for two years, two months, and two days, losing his title to Dusty Rhodes on July 26, 1986 at The Great American Bash; Rhodes had been an ever-present foe in Flair's career after Flair helped break Rhodes's ankle on September 29, 1985. Flair regained the title two weeks later. Flair defended his titles against opponents like Harley Race, Ricky Steamboat, Roddy Piper, Kerry Von Erich, Jay Youngblood, Sting, Ronnie Garvin, Magnum T.A., and Rhodes throughout his career, as well.
The Four Horsemen[link]
Main article: Four Horsemen
In the spring of 1985, the tag team of Ole Anderson and Arn Anderson began aiding Ric Flair (whom they claimed as a "cousin") in attacks against Dusty Rhodes, Magnum T.A., and Sam Houston. A few weeks later, the Andersons interrupted Houston's match against Tully Blanchard, and the three villains combined to rough up the youngster while sending a message to the rest of the NWA. Shortly thereafter, Flair, Blanchard, and the Andersons formalized their alliance, calling themselves the Four Horsemen, with Blanchard's manager J.J. Dillon also coming on board. Upon the group's inception, it was clear that the Horsemen were unlike any villainous alliance that had ever existed. The four rule breakers immediately used their strength in numbers to decimate the NWA's top fan favorites while controlling the majority of the championship titles. Over the years, there would be various incarnations of the group, with Flair and Arn Anderson as the two permanent members, while a number of different wrestlers, including Lex Luger, Barry Windham, Sting, Sid Vicious, Paul Roma, Brian Pillman, Chris Benoit, Jeff Jarrett, Steve McMichael, Curt Hennig, and Dean Malenko, have held the other two spots in the Horsemen.
World Championship Wrestling (1986–1991)[link]
By 1986, wrestling promoter Jim Crockett had consolidated the various NWA member promotions he owned into a single entity, running under the banner of the National Wrestling Alliance. Controlling much of the traditional NWA territories in the southeast and Midwestern United States, Crockett looked to expand nationally and built his promotion around Flair as champion. During this time, Flair's bookings as champion were tightly controlled by Crockett, and a custom championship belt was created for Flair. In 1987, Flair and Barry Windham had a series of matches for the NWA World Championship. Flair defeated Windham at the Crockett Cup tournament and they fought to a time limit draw in January. Flair lost the NWA World Championship due to his flamboyant ways in Detroit to Ron Garvin on September 25, 1987. Garvin held the title for two months before losing to Flair on November 26, 1987 at WCW's first pay-per-view event, Starrcade, in Chicago.
In early 1988, rising star Sting had challenged Flair to a match at the first ever Clash of the Champions. Flair accepted and fought Sting to a 45 minute time-limit draw. In late 1988, booker Dusty Rhodes proposed that Flair lose the NWA World Heavyweight Championship to Rick Steiner in a short match at Starrcade when no agreement could be met regarding the finish to the scheduled main event between him and Lex Luger. Rhodes was fired for various issues within the company, and former JCP booker George Scott was given his role as a booker. Scott immediately negotiated to bring in Ricky Steamboat for a series of matches. On February 20, 1989, at Chi-Town Rumble in Chicago, Steamboat pinned Flair to win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. This prompted a series of rematches, where Steamboat was presented as a "family man" (often accompanied by his wife and young son), while Flair opposed him as an immoral, fast-living "ladies man".
Following a best-of-three falls match with Steamboat that lasted just short of the 60-minute time limit (and ended with a disputed finish where Steamboat retained the title) at Clash of the Champions VI: Ragin' Cajun on April 2, Flair regained the title from Steamboat on May 7, 1989 at WrestleWar. This match was voted 1989's "Match of the Year" by Pro Wrestling Illustrated, and is widely considered among the greatest matches of all time. Flair was attacked by Terry Funk (serving as a judge for the match, as per its stipulations) after the match when Flair refused to grant Funk a title match, telling Funk that he had spent too much time in Hollywood and out of wrestling, and was not a listed title contender. The attack reached its conclusion when Funk gave Flair a piledriver onto the judges' table.
Months later, a "recovered" Flair returned to competition in an emotional match against Funk at The Great American Bash. The two continued feuding through the summer and eventually Flair reformed the Four Horsemen, with the surprise addition of longtime rival Sting, to combat Funk's J-Tex Corporation. This led to an "I Quit" match at Clash of the Champions IX: New York Knockout. Before the match, Funk stated that he would shake Flair's hand if he lost, a promise he kept when he shouted, "Yes, I quit!" after being in Flair's figure four leglock. Flair then kicked Sting out of the Horsemen upon his challenge for the NWA Championship, resulting in a revived feud between the two which had to be delayed due to Sting injuring his knee, forcing WCW to slot Lex Luger as Flair's main challenger until Sting returned. On July 7, 1990, Flair dropped the title to Sting at The Great American Bash. After being unmasked as the Black Scorpion at Starrcade in 1990, Flair regained the title from Sting on January 11, 1991, in front of a near empty house due to the blizzard conditions in the New York City area. Prior to this reign, WCW split their recognition of a World Heavyweight Champion from the NWA, and Flair was subsequently recognized as the first WCW World Heavyweight Champion, while still being recognized as NWA World Champion.
At the Clash of the Champions XIV: Dixie Dynamite on January 30, he wrestled Scott Steiner to a draw. On March 21, 1991, Tatsumi Fujinami defeated Flair in a controversial match in Tokyo at the WCW/New Japan Supershow. While the NWA recognized Fujinami as their new champion, WCW did not because Fujinami had backdropped Flair over the top rope in a violation of WCW rules. On May 19, 1991, Flair defeated Fujinami at SuperBrawl I in St. Petersburg, Florida to reclaim the NWA title and retain the WCW Title. In doing so, he became a nine time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, breaking Harley Race's record of eight reigns. On June 12, at the Clash of the Champions XV: Knocksville USA, he defeated Bobby Eaton in a two out of three falls match.
In the spring of 1991, Flair had a contract dispute with WCW president Jim Herd, who wanted him to take a substantial pay cut. Herd had removed Flair as head booker in February 1990 and wanted to reduce Flair's role in the promotion even further, despite the fact that Flair was still a top draw. According to Flair, Herd also proposed changes in his appearance (i.e. by shaving his hair, wearing a diamond earring and going by the name "Spartacus") as well as his in-ring name in order to "change with the times".[13] Flair disagreed with the proposals, and two weeks before The Great American Bash, Herd fired him and vacated the WCW Championship. While Flair had left for the WWF he was still recognized as the NWA World Champion until September 8, when the title was officially vacated.
World Wrestling Federation[link]
The Real World Heavyweight Champion (1991)[link]
Flair signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in August 1991 and began appearing on television as one of the most hated heels the next month. Initially, he appeared on WWF shows with the "Big Gold Belt," calling himself "The Real World Heavyweight Champion." Led by his "financial advisor" Bobby Heenan and his "executive consultant" Mr. Perfect, Flair repeatedly issued challenges to WWF wrestlers like Roddy Piper and Hulk Hogan, wrestling a team led by Piper at Survivor Series in 1991 and helping The Undertaker defeat Hogan for the WWF Championship that same night.[14] WCW sued Flair in an attempt to reclaim the belt,[15] but Flair claimed that he owned the belt in lieu of the $25,000 deposit paid by NWA champions upon winning the title, which had not been returned to him when he was fired from WCW. In the 2008 DVD Nature Boy Ric Flair: The Definitive Collection, Flair claimed that to this day he has never been paid $25,000 deposit, plus interest.[16] Later in the DVD Triple H said that Flair gave him the actual WCW title belt as a gift.
WWF Champion and feud with Randy Savage (1992–1993)[link]
At the Royal Rumble in 1992, he won the Rumble match to claim the vacant WWF Championship. Flair drew number three in the Rumble match and lasted a then-record nearly 60 minutes, last eliminating Sid Justice with help from Hulk Hogan, who had been eliminated by Justice seconds earlier.[14] In so doing, Flair joined Buddy Rogers as the only men to win the WWF and NWA World Championships in their careers.
After a planned program with Hogan was scrapped due to Hogan's hiatus following the WWF's steroid scandal, Randy Savage challenged Flair for the WWF title as part of the double main event at WrestleMania VIII. In the storyline, Flair taunted Savage by claiming that he had a prior relationship with Savage's wife, Elizabeth, and that he had the pictures to prove it (which were later revealed to be doctored photos). Savage defeated Flair for the title at WrestleMania.[14] In July 1992, as Savage prepared to defend the title against The Ultimate Warrior at SummerSlam,[14] Flair and Mr. Perfect sowed distrust between the two by suggesting that they would back one or the other during their match. They actually attacked both Savage and Warrior and injured Savage's knee, an injury that Flair exploited to regain the title in a match with Savage on September 1. His second reign was short-lived, however, as he lost the title to Bret Hart on October 12, 1992.
Flair teamed with Razor Ramon to take on Savage and Perfect at the Survivor Series 1992.[17] After losing a Loser Leaves the WWF match to Mr. Perfect on the January 18, 1993 edition of Monday Night Raw,[18] Flair appeared in the Royal Rumble in 1993 (although the match with Perfect had been taped six days prior, it did not air until the following night) and then fulfilled his remaining house show commitments, making his last appearance on February 10, 1993, before returning to WCW.[19] On The Ultimate Ric Flair Collection DVD, Flair described his first stint with the WWF as "the greatest year and a half of my career, outside the time I spent with Arn Anderson and The Four Horsemen."
Return to World Championship Wrestling[link]
Retirement teases (1993–1996)[link]
Flair returned to WCW as a face in February 1993 and, as a result of a "no-compete" clause, hosted a short-lived talk show in WCW called A Flair for the Gold as he was unable to appear wrestling. Arn Anderson usually appeared at the bar on the show's set, and Flair's maid, Fifi (portrayed by Wendy Barlow),[20] cleaned or bore gifts. Once he returned to action, Flair briefly held the NWA World Heavyweight Championship for a tenth time after defeating Barry Windham at Beach Blast before WCW finally left the NWA in September 1993. At Starrcade in 1993, Flair was placed in a match, which was billed that if Flair lost, he would retire from wrestling. The match ended with Flair using a chop block and roll-up on the gigantic Vader to win the title for the second time.
In June 1994, Flair defeated Sting in a unification match, merging the WCW International World Heavyweight Championship with the WCW World Championship. This concluded a slow heel turn for Flair that started when he defeated Ricky Steamboat in a controversial manner some months earlier. Flair later feuded with Hulk Hogan upon Hogan's arrival in WCW in June 1994, losing the WCW World Championship to him in July at Bash at the Beach. Flair lost a retirement match to Hogan at Halloween Havoc and took a few months off before returning as a wrestler and part-time manager in 1995 (explained on-air by having Flair nag Hogan for months until Hogan agreed to let Flair come back). He and Randy Savage renewed hostilities when Savage arrived in WCW late in 1994, and their feud continued off and on for almost two years with each wrestler winning the WCW World Championship from each other at different times. Flair defeated Savage in a steel cage match at SuperBrawl VI to win the WCW World title, which saw Savage betrayed by Elizabeth in favor of Flair. The Nature Boy also defeated Konnan on July 7 at Bash at the Beach to win the United States Championship. He vacated it in November of that year due to an arm injury he suffered in Japan, during a match with Kensuke Sasaki.
Feud with nWo (1996–1997)[link]
Once again as a top babyface, Flair played a major role in the New World Order storyline in late 1996 and throughout 1997. He and the other Horsemen often took the lead in the war against Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, and Hulk Hogan. Flair also feuded with Roddy Piper, Syxx, and his old nemesis, Curt Hennig, in 1997 after Hennig was offered a spot in the Four Horsemen only to turn on Flair and the Horsemen at Fall Brawl in 1997. Hennig punctuated the act by slamming the cage door onto Flair's head. After Fall Brawl. Flair would return a month later to feud with Curt Hennig over the US title (which Hennig won from Steve McMichael). Flair would challenge for the title at Halloween Havoc and World War 3, losing both times.
Return from hiatus and various feuds (1998–2001)[link]
In April 1998, Flair disappeared from WCW television, due to a lawsuit filed by Eric Bischoff for no-showing a WCW Thunder TV taping. After the case was settled, Flair made a surprise return on September 14, 1998 to ceremoniously reform the Four Horsemen (along with Steve McMichael, Dean Malenko, and Chris Benoit). Flair feuded with Bischoff for several months afterward. This culminated in a match at Starrcade 1998 between Eric Bischoff and Ric Flair. Bischoff was victorious after interference from Curt Hennig, a former member of the Four Horsemen. The following night in Baltimore on Nitro, Flair returned with a crazy streak angle in what became one his most notable interview promos reviving the "custom made from head to toe" catchphrase. He began by stripping to his boxers and threatening to leave WCW, demanding a match against Bischoff for the presidency of the company, and later handcuffing himself to the ring. The match was made, and despite the nWo interfering on Bischoff's behalf Flair won and was granted the position of president of WCW. This resulted in a match at Superbrawl between Flair and Hollywood Hogan for the WCW Championship, which Flair lost after being betrayed by his own son David Flair. In spite of this betrayal, Flair signed a rematch at Uncensored 1999 which was billed as a First Blood Barbed Wire Steel Cage Match against Hogan where Flair's presidency and Hogan's WCW World Heavyweight Championship were on the line. Despite being the first to bleed, Flair won the match by submission thanks to the bias of the referee Charles Robinson, who counted Hogan out. This match was a double turn for Flair (who turned heel) and Hogan (who turned face). Robinson would be nicknamed "Lil' Naitch", idolizing Flair and officiating all of Flair's matches in his favor.[citation needed]
As on-air President, Flair began abusing his power much like Bischoff had, favoring villains over fan favorites and even awarding the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship to his son David and resorting to whatever means necessary to keep David U.S. Champion. This also led to many more notable promos with Flair proclaiming, "I am the President". Flair eventually formed a stable of followers which included Roddy Piper, Arn Anderson, and the Jersey Triad to keep things in order. Flair's reign as president came to an end on the July 19 episode of Nitro, facing Sting for the WCW presidency. During the course of the match, Sting had Flair in his Scorpion Death Lock, but with the referee knocked unconscious, no decision could be reached. A returning Eric Bischoff came to the ring and began ordering the timekeeper to ring the bell, which he eventually did, awarding the match and the presidency to Sting (who promptly gave it up upon receiving it).
Flair won the WCW World Championship twice during 2000, the company's last full year of operation. When WCW was purchased by the WWF in March 2001, Flair was the leader of the villainous group called the Magnificent Seven. During the final episode of Nitro on March 26, 2001, he gave an emotional speech regarding the company's greatness and his best matches and opponents in WCW throughout the years, including Sting. Later in the night, Flair lost the final match of Nitro to Sting, recreating the first main event of Nitro in 1995. Nevertheless, Flair has repeatedly stated in various interviews how happy he was when WCW finally closed down; although, at the same time, the fact that many people would lose their jobs saddened him.[21]
Return to World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment[link]
WWF/E co-owner (2001–2002)[link]
After hiatus from wrestling, Flair made a popular return to the WWF in November 2001 as the on-camera co-owner of the company and as a face in Charlotte on RAW in November 2001.[22] Flair reappeared on Raw following the end of the "WCW/ECW Invasion" that culminated in a "Winner Take All" match at Survivor Series won by the WWF.[23] Flair's new on-screen role was that of the co-owner of the WWF, with the explanation that Shane and Stephanie McMahon had sold their stock in the company to a consortium (namely Flair) prior to purchasing World Championship Wrestling and Extreme Championship Wrestling.[24] Flair's feud with Vince McMahon led them to a match at the Royal Rumble in 2002 in a Street Fight, where Flair defeated McMahon.[23] Flair also wrestled The Undertaker at WrestleMania X8 in 2002 where Flair lost after a hard fought battle and interference by Arn Anderson.[25] From then, the "co-owner" angle culminated in early 2002, when Flair controlled Raw, and McMahon controlled SmackDown!.[26] After Steve Austin abruptly left WWE while in a program with Flair, a match was hotshotted between Flair and Vince for sole ownership of WWE, which McMahon won, thanks to interference by Brock Lesnar.[27]
Evolution (2003–2005)[link]
Main article: Evolution
Flair later became a villain by joining Triple H's "Evolution" stable.[28] Flair won the World Tag Team Championship with Batista twice in 2003 and 2004.[29][30] After HHH took time off following Vengeance and for the rest of the summer, Flair would become a fan favorite again by beginning a short feud with Kurt Angle. Later, at Unforgiven in 2005, Flair defeated Carlito for the Intercontinental Championship.[31]
On the October 3 edition of Raw, Flair was attacked by his Evolution tag team partner Triple H, after Triple H threw him into a limousine and smashing into limousine window for using sledge hammer. On November 1, 2005 at Taboo Tuesday, Flair defeated Triple H in a steel cage match. Flair continued his feud with Triple H until Survivor Series, when Triple H defeated him in a Last Man Standing match to end the feud.
Various rivalries and retirement (2006–2008)[link]
At the end of 2005 Flair had a feud with Edge, culminating in a WWE championship TLC match on the RAW in early 2006. On the February 20 edition of Raw he lost to Shelton Benjamin.[32] Flair then took some time off in mid-2006 to rest and marry for the third time; he returned in June to work a program with his real life rival Mick Foley that played off their legitimate past animosity.[33] Flair defeated Foley at SummerSlam in an "I Quit" match.[34]
Subsequently, he was involved in a rivalry with the Spirit Squad on Raw. On November 5, 2006 at Cyber Sunday, he captured the World Tag Team Championship from the Squad with Roddy Piper.[34] On the November 13 edition of Raw, Flair and Piper lost the Tag Titles to Rated-RKO,[35] due to a disc problem with Piper and had to be flown immediately back to the USA as soon as Raw was off the air. On November 26, 2006 at Survivor Series, Flair was the sole survivor of a match that featured himself, Ron Simmons (replacing an injured Piper), Dusty Rhodes and Sgt. Slaughter versus the Spirit Squad.[34] Flair then left television due to his divorce hearings. On the December 11, 2006 edition of Raw, Flair returned to team up with DX again. They defeated Rated-RKO and Kenny Dykstra.[36]
Flair then began teaming with Carlito after Flair said that Carlito had no heart.[37] Flair defeated Carlito in a match after which Carlito realized that Flair was right.[38] Flair and Carlito faced off against Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch in a number one contender's match for the World Tag Team Championship but were defeated. The two teamed up at Wrestlemania 23, and defeated the team of Chavo Guerrero and Gregory Helms. After weeks of conflict between Flair and Carlito,[39][40] the team split up when Carlito attacked Flair during a match.[41] At Judgment Day, Flair defeated Carlito with the figure four leglock.[42] His career was put at risk following a match with Randy Orton on June 4, 2007.[43]
On the June 11 edition of Raw, Flair was drafted from Raw to SmackDown! as part of the 2007 WWE Draft.[44] He briefly feuded against Montel Vontavious Porter[45][46] and rejoined forces with Batista to feud with The Great Khali; the alliance was short-lived, however, as Flair was "injured" during a match with Khali.[47][48]
After three month hiatus, Flair returned to WWE programming on the November 26 edition of Raw to announce "I will never retire".[49][50] Vince McMahon retaliated by announcing that the next match Flair lost would result in a forced retirement.[49] Later in the night, Flair defeated Orton after a distraction by Chris Jericho.[49][50] It was revealed on the 15th anniversary of Raw that the win or retire ultimatum only applied in singles matches. Flair won several "career threatening" matches against the opponents such as Triple H, Umaga, William Regal, Mr. Kennedy, and Vince McMahon himself among others.[51][52][53] On March 29, 2008, Flair was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a part of the Class of 2008 by Triple H. Flair became the first active wrestler to be inducted into the Hall Of Fame. The day after, Flair wrestled at WrestleMania XXIV in Orlando, Florida, losing to Shawn Michaels.[54] This match was voted the 2008 PWI Match of the Year. Flair's fight to keep his career going garnered him the 2008 PWI Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year award.
Part time appearances (2008–2009, 2012)[link]
On the March 31, 2008 edition of Raw, Flair delivered his farewell address. Afterward, Triple H brought out many current and retired superstars to thank Flair for all he has done, including Shawn Michaels, some of the Four Horsemen, Harley Race, and Chris Jericho, followed by The Undertaker and then Vince McMahon. Along with the wrestlers, the fans gave Ric a standing ovation. This event represented a rare moment in WWE as both the heels and the faces broke character and came out to the ring together. The Undertaker's and McMahon's entrances, however, were not shown on the TV taping of Raw for the week in order to preserve their characters, more in the case of the Undertaker as it involved him hugging Ric Flair and then raising his arm in victory, but were included in Nature Boy Ric Flair: The Definitive Collection DVD as extras.
Flair made his first post retirement appearance on the June 16, 2008 edition of Raw to confront Chris Jericho about his actions during a rivalry with Shawn Michaels. He challenged Jericho to a fight in the parking lot, rather than an official match, but was ejected from the building by Vince McMahon.[55] The following year on February 9 Flair once again confronted Chris Jericho on Raw. Jericho was attacking Hall of Fame members and Flair demanded he respect them, before punching Jericho.[56] Flair appeared a month later to distract him during a Money in the Bank. Jericho then challenged Flair to come out of retirement for WrestleMania XXV; instead Flair managed Roddy Piper, Jimmy Snuka and Ricky Steamboat in a three-on-one handicap match at WrestleMania in a losing effort.[57][58][59]
On May 17 Flair returned to WWE during the Judgment Day pay-per-view, coming to the aid of Batista, who was being attacked by The Legacy (Randy Orton, Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase). On his last appearance in WWE, on the June 1 episode of Raw, Flair challenged Randy Orton in a parking lot brawl match, after an interference from the rest of The Legacy, the fight ended with Flair was trapped inside a steel cage and was punted by Orton. After Raw, Flair left WWE when his contract expired on June 2, 2009. On March 31, 2012 Flair became the first person to be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame twice, the second time as part of the Four Horsemen.
Ring of Honor and Hulkamania Tour (2009)[link]
Flair signed with Ring of Honor (ROH) and appeared at the aptly titled Stylin' And Profilin' event in March 2009, clearing the ring after an ROH World Championship match ended with a run-in.[60] He soon served as the company's ambassador, in an on-screen authority role, and appeared on the television show Ring of Honor Wrestling in May to cement his role.[61] After a number one contender's match ended in a time-limit draw, and the following week a double count out, Flair announced Ring of Honor Wrestling's first ROH World Title match as a four-way contest.[62]
On November 21, 2009, Flair returned to the ring as a heel on the "Hulkamania: Let the Battle Begin" tour of Australia, losing to Hulk Hogan in the main event of the first show by brassknuckles.[1] Flair lost to Hogan again on November 24 in Perth, Australia. Both men bled and Flair was pinned after being hit with a megaphone by Hogan.[1] Flair also lost to Hogan on the two remaining matches on the tour, both times after being struck by a megaphone.[1][63]
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling[link]
Fortune (2010–2011)[link]
Main article: Fortune (professional wrestling)
On the January 4, 2010, live, three-hour edition of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's Impact! television show, Flair as a face made his debut appearance for the company arriving via limo and later observing the main event between A.J. Styles and longtime rival Kurt Angle.[64] It was later reported that Flair had signed a one-year deal with the company.[65] In the past, Flair has openly stated that he was loyal to the McMahons and wanted to end his career in WWE, however he had not had contact from WWE since June 2009 and decided to sign with TNA Wrestling after waiting for the call from WWE for six months.[66]
On January 17 at Genesis, Flair helped A.J. Styles cheat to pin Kurt Angle and retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship thus once again becoming a heel.[67] On the following episode of TNA Impact!, Flair announced that he was going to make A.J. Styles the next Nature Boy.[68] In addition to Styles, Flair began informally managing Beer Money, Inc. (Robert Roode and James Storm) and Desmond Wolfe as a loose heel alliance. Flair has also confirmed that he will return to wrestling in TNA.[6] On the February 25 edition of Impact!, Hulk Hogan announced that both he and Flair will make their in-ring TNA debuts on the March 8 Monday night edition of Impact!, when Hogan and Abyss face Flair and Styles in a tag team match.[69] On the March 8 Monday night edition of Impact! Hogan and Abyss defeated Flair and Styles, when Abyss pinned Styles.[70] Afterwards, the returning Jeff Hardy saved Abyss and Hogan from a beatdown at the hands of Flair, Styles and Beer Money, Inc.[70] At Lockdown Team Flair (Sting, Desmond Wolfe, Robert Roode and James Storm) was defeated by Team Hogan (Abyss, Jeff Jarrett, Jeff Hardy and Rob Van Dam) in a Lethal Lockdown match.[71] On the April 26 edition of Impact! Flair was defeated by Abyss in a match, where Flair's and Hogan's WWE Hall of Fame rings were at stake and as a result Flair lost possession of his ring to Hogan.[72] The following week Hogan gave the ring to Jay Lethal, who returned it to Flair out of respect. This, however, was not enough for Flair, who attacked Lethal along with the members of Team Flair.[73] After Styles dropped the World Heavyweight Championship to Rob Van Dam, then failed to regain it in a rematch and later was pinned by Jay Lethal, Flair adopted Kazarian as his newest protégé, seemingly replacing Styles as his number one wrestler.[74][75]
On the June 17 edition of Impact! Flair announced that he would reform the Four Horsemen under the new name Fourtune, comparing A.J. Styles to Arn Anderson, Kazarian to Barry Windham, Robert Roode and James Storm to Ole Anderson and Tully Blanchard and Desmond Wolfe to Lex Luger, while also stating that each of them would have to earn their spots in the group.[76][77] Flair made a return to the ring on July 11 at Victory Road, losing to Jay Lethal.[78] On the July 15 edition of Impact! Flair announced A.J. Styles and Kazarian as the first two official members of Fourtune and two weeks later added Robert Roode and James Storm as the final two members of the group.[79][80] On the August 5 edition of Impact! Flair faced Lethal in a rematch, this time contested under Street Fight rules, with the members of Fourtune banned from ringside. Flair managed to win the match, after an interference from Douglas Williams. The following week Williams and Matt Morgan were added to the renamed Fourtune, as the stable attacked EV 2.0, a stable consisting of former Extreme Championship Wrestling performers.[81][82] On September 23, Flair headlined a live event in Oklahoma City titled Lord of the Ring in his honor. Competing in his first TNA house show match, Flair lost to Kurt Angle in the main event.[83] In the weeks leading to Bound for Glory, Flair's stable's name was tweaked to Fortune to represent the expansion in the number of members in the group.[84][85] On the October 7 live edition of Impact! Flair was defeated by Mick Foley in a Last Man Standing match.[86] At Bound for Glory Flair was in Fortune's corner, when Styles, Kazarian, Morgan, Roode and Storm were defeated in a Lethal Lockdown match by EV 2.0 members Tommy Dreamer, Raven, Rhino, Sabu and Stevie Richards.[87]
On the following edition of Impact! Fortune formed an alliance with Hulk Hogan's and Eric Bischoff's new stable, Immortal.[88] On the November 18 edition of Impact! Flair returned to the ring, competing in a match, where he faced Matt Morgan, who had been kicked out of Fortune the previous month. Morgan won the match, after Douglas Williams turned on the rest of Fortune, when they interfered in the match.[89] On January 25, 2011, it was reported that Flair had pulled out of TNA's Maximum Wooo! tour of Europe mid–tour, after monetary disputes.[90] After missing a show in Berlin, Germany, Flair returned to the tour on January 27 in Glasgow, Scotland, reportedly apologizing to the locker room prior to the show.[91][92][93] On January 29 Flair wrestled his only match of the tour, defeating Douglas Williams in London, tearing his rotator cuff in the process.[94][95]
Immortal (2011–present)[link]
See also: Immortal (professional wrestling)
During Flair's time away from TNA, Fortune turned on Immortal, becoming a face group.[96] Flair returned at the February 14 tapings of the February 17 edition of Impact!, turning on Fortune during a match between A.J. Styles and Matt Hardy and jumping to Immortal.[97][98] On the March 10 edition of Impact!, Flair defeated Styles and Hardy in a three–way street fight, contested as more of a two–on–one handicap match.[99] On April 17 at Lockdown, Immortal, represented by Flair, Abyss, Bully Ray and Matt Hardy, was defeated by Fortune members James Storm, Kazarian and Robert Roode and Christopher Daniels, who replaced an injured A.J. Styles, in a Lethal Lockdown match, when Flair tapped out to Roode.[100] The match was used to write Flair off television, as the following week he was scheduled to undergo surgery for his torn rotator cuff, however, Flair ultimately chose not to have the surgery as it would have required six months of rehab.[101][102] Flair returned to television in a non–wrestling role on the May 12 edition of Impact!.[103] Flair would not appear again for three months, until making his return on August 9 at the tapings of the August 18 edition of Impact Wrestling, confronting old rival Sting and challenging him to one more match. In exchange for Sting agreeing to put his career on the line, Flair promised to deliver him his match with Hogan if he was victorious.[104][105] The match, which Flair lost, took place on the September 15 episode of Impact Wrestling.[106][107] During the match Flair tore his left triceps on a superplex spot, sidelining him indefinitely from in-ring action.[108] Since the match, Flair has mostly been accompanying Immortal member Gunner to ringside and helping him injure superstars by hitting them onto the concrete floor.[109]
Legacy[link]
Flair was often popular with the crowd due to his in-ring antics, including rulebreaking (earning him the distinction of being "the dirtiest player in the game"), strutting and his shouting of "Woooooo!" (Flair got the inspiration from Jerry Lee Lewis' "Great Balls of Fire") Flair's moveset became limited in the last ten years of his career due mainly to his age and years of competition taking a toll on his body, but remained a visible character. The "Woooooo!" yell has since become a tribute to Flair, and is often shouted by the crowd whenever a wrestler performs a knife-edge chop, one of Flair's signature moves.[2] From the late 1970s, Flair wore ornate fur-lined robes of many colors with sequins during in-ring appearances,[2] and since the early 1980s, his approach to the ring was usually heralded by the playing of the "Dawn" section of Richard Strauss' "Also sprach Zarathustra" (famous for being used in the motion picture 2001: A Space Odyssey).
On May 19, 2003 in Greenville, South Carolina, Triple H defended the World Heavyweight Championship in a match against Flair.[110] After Raw went off the air, most of the people who were backstage came out to honor Flair, including Vince McMahon, the Undertaker, Shane, and Stephanie McMahon.[110] Triple H then appeared, and after a stare down, he placed the World Heavyweight Championship belt on Flair's shoulder and embraced him. Flair then gave a speech thanking everyone for the tribute.[110]
Flair released his autobiography, To Be the Man, in July 2004.[111] The title is taken from one of his catchphrases, "To be the man, you gotta beat the man!"
Over the years, Flair has personally trained Stan Lane, Scott McGhee, and, David Flair, his son, to be professional wrestlers.
On the February 18, 2008 edition of Raw, Shawn Michaels announced Flair as the first inductee into the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2008. The induction ceremony took place on March 29, 2008, with Triple H inducting him. This made him the first, and, as of 2009, only, person to be inducted while still an active competitor.[112] On March 24, 2008, Mayor Bob Coble, of Columbia, South Carolina, declared March 24 to be Ric Flair Day in Columbia. Flair also received the key to the city.[113] Flair was later inducted into the NWA Hall of Fame in Atlanta, Georgia, his second straight Hall of Fame induction in four months, but he did not participate in the event. He received the key to the city of Greensboro, North Carolina on December 5, 2008, to commemorate Flair's victory in a steel cage match against Harley Race at the inaugural Starrcade event.[114] April 18, 2009 was declared "Ric Flair Day" in Charleston, West Virginia and he was presented with the key to the city by the mayor.[115] Also, on June 12, 2009, Flair was presented with the key to the city of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina[116] and, in September, he received the key to the city in Marion County, South Carolina.[117] On July 17, 2010, Flair made a special appearance at Scotland Motors in Laurinburg, North Carolina and received the key to that city, as well.[118]
On October 19, 1998, it was declared "Ric Flair Day" in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Mayor Sharon Belton[119] and on November 15, 2008, it was declared "Ric Flair Day" in Norfolk, Virginia.[120]
On April 15, 2008 Flair was honored in Congress by a representative from North Carolina, Republican Sue Myrick, who praised his career and what he means to the state.[121] On September 29, 2008, it was announced that Flair's signature sequin covered robe that he wore at WrestleMania XXIV, in what was to be his last match, would be placed in the pop culture section of the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.[122]
Flair also lends his voice and image to the Carolina Hurricanes hockey team. During home games, he appears on the monitor giving his trademark "Wooooo" whenever the Hurricanes score a goal.
In 2002, Flair was named the greatest pro wrestler of all time in the book The Top 100 Wrestlers of All Time by John Molinaro, edited by Dave Meltzer and Jeff Marek.[123]
On January 9, 2012 it was announced that the Four Horsemen would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame making Flair the first person to have been induced into the Hall of Fame twice.[124]
Personal life[link]
Family[link]
Flair's son David is a semi-retired professional wrestler. Flair's youngest son Reid, who signed a developmental contract with WWE near the end of 2007,[125] is an accomplished high school wrestler and made several appearances on WCW television along with his sister Ashley and half-sister Megan.[126] In 2004, Flair became a grandfather at the age of 55, when his oldest daughter, Megan Fliehr-Ketzner, gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Morgan Lee Ketzner on May 9.[126][127] On May 17, 2012, it was reported that Flair's daughter Ashley has signed with WWE.[128]
On May 27, 2006, Ric married his third wife, fitness competitor Tiffany VanDemark.[129] On August 7, 2008, Tiffany announced that she had filed for divorce from Flair.[130] On November 11, 2009, Flair married his fourth wife, Jackie Beems, in Charlotte, North Carolina.[citation needed]
Family arrests[link]
Flair's daughter Ashley was arrested on September 5, 2008 for assaulting a police officer.[131] The incident occurred after police were called to a fight involving Flair, Ashley, and her boyfriend.[131] On February 23, 2010, Flair and his fourth wife had an "unfortunate disagreement" in which his wife Jackie Beems was arrested for misdemeanor assault, causing very slight injuries to Flair.[citation needed]
Legal issues[link]
In December 2005, a magistrate issued arrest warrants for Flair after a road rage incident that took place in Charlotte, NC in which Flair allegedly got out of his car, grabbed a motorist by the neck, and kicked the door of the motorist's sport utility vehicle.[132] Flair was charged with injury to personal property and simple assault and battery, both misdemeanors. This incident was ridiculed on WWE programming, most notably by the wrestler Edge.[133]
In September 2007, Flair opened a financial business called Ric Flair Finance. In July 2008, Ric Flair Finance filed for bankruptcy.[134]
Following Flair's debut in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling his former employer, Ring of Honor, filed a lawsuit in 2010, alleging that Flair owed them over $40,000 and that he had not appeared at several events that he was contractually obligated to appear at.[135] Due to ROH's purchase by Sinclair Broadcasting Group it is uncertain if they will continue to seek legal action against Flair.[citation needed]
In August 2010, Highspots Inc. filed a lawsuit against Flair alleging that Flair had never repaid $35,000 that they had loaned him. Highspots also claimed that Flair had given them the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt as collateral.[136][137]
A warrant for Flair's arrest was issued in May 2011 for being held in contempt of court for violating the terms of his settlement with Highspots. If Flair had failed to comply he could have potentially faced 90 days in jail.[138][139] On June 25 Highspots released a statement over their official Facebook page stating that somebody had paid Flair's debts.[140]
Politics[link]
Flair has long supported Republican political candidates in North Carolina politics.[141] In 2000, Flair explored the possibility of running for governor of North Carolina,[141] but he never filed the papers.[142]
In the 2008 presidential race, Ric Flair declared his support for the Republican presidential candidate Mike Huckabee. He said of Huckabee, "[Huckabee] is a quality person, self-made, a great family man and he has a great vision for our country. And I'm here to excite the crowd."[143]
Real life feuds[link]
Bret Hart[link]
Flair engaged in an off-screen rivalry with Bret Hart. In Flair's autobiography,Flair criticizes Hart for over-exploiting the death of his brother, Owen Hart, and the controversy surrounding the Montreal Screwjob.[144] Flair also claimed in his autobiography that, despite Hart's popularity in Canada, he was not a formidable money-making draw in the United States, a claim which Hart dismissed as "plain ridiculous" in a column written for the Calgary Sun.[145] Hart claimed that he drew greater revenue than Flair, citing his headlining performances on consistently sold out tours throughout his WWF career, while Flair wrestled to allegedly near-empty arenas. He also criticized Flair on what he perceived as insults to fellow wrestlers Mick Foley and Randy Savage, both personal friends of Hart. Hart acknowledged a decline in the WWF's popularity during the mid 1990s, but he and others felt that this was largely attributed to the WWF's well publicized sex and steroid scandals, as well as WCW's acquisition of former top WWF stars.[145][146][147] In contrast to Flair's claims, prominent industry historian Dave Meltzer, of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter, said of Hart, "there is no denying he was a major draw in the United States";[148] WWE owner Vince McMahon has asserted that whichever company hired Hart could "have built the entire franchise around [him]", describing him as an "extraordinary star who you know is going to give you the best match of the night every time he goes out there." McMahon added that it was "fortunate for me, in terms of my company", that his chief competitor, WCW, did not utilize Hart to his full potential.[149] WCW described Hart as "an incredible international draw, attracting standing room only crowds in every corner of the globe."[150]
Shane Douglas[link]
Flair also had a long running feud with Shane Douglas, who would refer to him as "Dick Flair" and accuse him of sabotaging his push in the NWA/WCW after getting a solid push and a rub from his tag partner Ricky Steamboat.[151] Flair, in turn, responded that Douglas was always the guy that would blame his shortcomings on others. He called Douglas out as well as accused him of steroid abuse during a broadcast of the Internet radio show WCW Live! in which he said that he would meet him anytime and anywhere if he "took the needle out of his ass." They were able to come to a working relationship during Douglas' last stint with WCW.[citation needed]
Mick Foley[link]
Flair has also had issues with Mick Foley. In his 1999 autobiography Have a Nice Day!, Foley said, "Flair was every bit as bad on the booking side of things as he was great on the wrestling side of it."[152] This was in reference to how poorly Foley thought he was booked during his WCW career when Flair was on the booking committee. Flair responded in his autobiography, writing, "I do not care how many thumbtacks Mick Foley has fallen on, how many ladders he's fallen off, how many continents he's supposedly bled on, he will always be known as a glorified stuntman."[153] They have reconciled and are now friends.[citation needed]
Backstage problems[link]
Altercation with Eric Bischoff[link]
Flair described in his autobiography how he attacked Eric Bischoff backstage at a WWE house show, saying it was due to hating how Bischoff treated him in WCW. Flair stated that Arn Anderson kept watch while he tried to get Bischoff to fight him, but that the confrontation was interrupted by Sgt. Slaughter, who promptly informed Vince McMahon of the incident. McMahon then scolded Flair, telling him that his actions were unprofessional and that it could not happen again.[citation needed]
Tension with Hulk Hogan[link]
In his book, Flair also touched on some real-life tension between himself and Hulk Hogan which largely stemmed from an incident that followed the conclusion of a tag match between Flair and his son, David, and the team of Curt Hennig and Barry Windham at WCW's Souled Out pay-per-view on January 17, 1999, in Charleston, WV.[154] Flair described Hogan and members of the New World Order coming out to attack them, as well as Hogan whipping an incapacitated David with a leather belt as Flair was forced to look on. "What no one had told me was that Hogan would try to be cute and whip David over and over again. ... there was Hogan—with all his experience, and all his celebrity—trying to be cute. He whipped David like a dog. It was sickening, and I'll never forgive him for it", Flair wrote of the incident. Flair also noted that, following a backstage altercation with Eric Bischoff at a WWE house show, he was asked by Vince McMahon if he planned to do the same to anyone else, to which he replied "Yeah, Hogan" in what he claimed to be only a half-joking manner. Despite this, the two have managed to maintain a working relationship, both in Hogan's promotion and in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling currently.
Disagreement with Bruno Sammartino[link]
Flair and wrestler Bruno Sammartino have a real-life disagreement over what reports call "the infamous backstage 'snub' where Flair claims that Sammartino refused to shake his hand at a live event."[155] While Flair claims Sammartino ignored him due to comments made in his book stating Sammartino was "a Northeast star who couldn’t draw fans outside New York,"[155] Sammartino disagrees. Sammartino referred to Flair as a "liar," stating, "No, I don’t respect Ric Flair. I don’t respect him at all."[156] Sammartino contends that Flair disrespected him, and not vice versa.[citation needed]
In wrestling[link]
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- Finishing moves
- Diving knee drop[1] – early career
- Figure-four leglock[1] – adopted from "Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers
- Signature moves
- Chop block, usually as a setup for the figure-four leglock[1]
- Elbow drop[1]
- Knife-edged chop[1]
- Low blow[1]
- Multiple suplex variations
- Poking[157] or raking the opponent eyes[1]
- Running jumping knee drop[1]
- Shin breaker, usually as a setup for the figure-four leglock[1]
- Snapmare[1]
- Nicknames
- "Ramblin'" Ricky Rhodes[1]
- "(The) Nature Boy"
- "Naitch (Short for "Nature Boy")"
- "The Dirtiest Player in the Game"
- "Stylin' and Profilin'"
- "The Man"
- "The Alimony Pony"
- "The Limousine Ridin', Jet Flying, Kiss Stealin', Wheelin' Dealin', Son of a Gun"
- "Space Mountain"
- "The Sixty-Minute Man"
- "Slick Ric"
- "The Master of the Figure-Four"[158]
- "The Golden Stallion"[159]
- "Wrestling God"
- Managers and valets
- Wrestlers managed
- Evolution (Triple H, Batista and Randy Orton)
- Stone Cold Steve Austin
- The Big Show
- Carlito
- David Flair[1]
- Reid Flair[1]
- Ricky Morton[1]
- Fortune (A.J. Styles, Kazarian, Beer Money, Inc. (Robert Roode and James Storm), Douglas Williams and Matt Morgan)[1]
- Desmond Wolfe[1]
- Rob Terry[161]
- Matt Hardy[162]
- Gunner[163]
- Entrance themes
- "Dawn" section of the tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra by Richard Strauss[164]
- "Galaxy Express" (AJPW)
- "The Wanderer" by Dion[165]
- "Dawn" section of the tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra (remix) by Dale Oliver (TNA) 2010–present
- "Line in the Sand" (with Evolution) by Motorhead
- "Fortune 4"(V1) by Dale Oliver[166]
- "Immortal Theme" by Dale Oliver[167]
Championships and accomplishments[link]
- All Star Pro Wrestling
- Central States Wrestling
- Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling / Jim Crockett Promotions / World Championship Wrestling
- NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship (3 times)[169]
- NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (3 times)—with Rip Hawk (1), Greg Valentine (1) and Big John Studd (1)[170]
- NWA (Mid Atlantic)/NWA Television Championship (2 times)[171]
- NWA (Mid Atlantic)/WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (6 times)1[172]
- NWA World Heavyweight Championship (7 times)2[168]
- NWA World Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (3 times)—with Greg Valentine (2) and Blackjack Mulligan (1)[173]
- WCW International World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)3[174]
- WCW World Heavyweight Championship (7 times)[175]
- First WCW Triple Crown Champion
- National Wrestling Alliance
- NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2008)
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- PWI ranked him #2 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003[176]
- PWI ranked him #3 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1991, 1992, and 1994[177][178][179]
- Feud of the Year (1987) Four Horsemen vs. Super Powers and Road Warriors[180]
- Feud of the Year (1988, 1990) vs. Lex Luger[180]
- Feud of the Year (1989) vs. Terry Funk[180]
- Match of the Year (1983) vs. Harley Race (June 10)[180]
- Match of the Year (1984) vs. Kerry Von Erich at Parade of Champions 1[181]
- Match of the Year (1986) vs. Dusty Rhodes at The Great American Bash in a steel cage match[181]
- Match of the Year (1989) vs. Ricky Steamboat at WrestleWar[181]
- Match of the Year (2008) vs. Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania XXIV
- Match of the Decade (2000–2009) vs. Shawn Michaels at Wrestlemania XXIV
- Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (1978, 1987)[182]
- Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (2008)
- Rookie of the Year (1975)[183]
- Stanley Weston Award (2008)
- Wrestler of the Year (1981, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992)[184]
- Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
- World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
- WWF Championship (2 times)[187]
- World Tag Team Championship (3 times)—with Batista (2) and Roddy Piper (1)[187]
- WWE Intercontinental Championship (1 time)[187]
- Royal Rumble (1992)[187]
- WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2008)
- WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2012) - with Four Horsemen
- Thirteenth Triple Crown Champion
- Slammy Award for Match of the Year (2008) vs. Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania XXIV
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter
- Best Heel (1990)
- Best Interviews (1991, 1992, 1994)
- Feud of the Year (1989) vs. Terry Funk
- Match of the Year (1983) vs. Harley Race in a steel cage match at Starrcade
- Match of the Year (1986) vs. Barry Windham at Battle of the Belts II on February 14
- Match of the Year (1988) vs. Sting at Clash of the Champions I
- Match of the Year (1989) vs. Ricky Steamboat at Clash of the Champions VI: Rajin' Cajun
- Most Charismatic (1980, 1982–1984, 1993)
- Most Outstanding (1986, 1987, 1989)
- Readers' Favorite Wrestler (1984–1993, 1996)
- Worst Feud of the Year (1990) vs. The Junkyard Dog
- Worst Worked Match of the Year (1996) with Arn Anderson, Meng, The Barbarian, Lex Luger, Kevin Sullivan, Z-Gangsta and The Ultimate Solution vs. Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage in a Towers of Doom match at Uncensored
- Wrestler of the Year (1982–1986, 1989, 1990, 1992)
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
1Flair did win the Mid-Atlantic version of the NWA United States Championships five times and the five reigns were recognized even after World Championship Wrestling took control over the championship and renamed it the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship in 1991. After WCW's purchase by WWE, the lineage of the championships were kept and used to give the WWE United States Championship a prestigious history. However, WWE does not recognize some of the reigns of some wrestlers when the title was still the Mid-Atlantic NWA United States Championship. As of now, only four of Flair's five reigns with the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) are officially recognized by WWE.
2His last four reigns with the championship were after Jim Crockett, Jr. sold his promotion to Ted Turner in November 1988, which became World Championship Wrestling. The NWA World Heavyweight Championship was defended exclusively in WCW until WCW's withdrawal from the National Wrestling Alliance in 1993.
3Title reigns are not recognized by World Wrestling Entertainment.
4He won the title for the third time in Kallang, Singapore. Records are unclear as to which promotion hosted the event.
Notes[link]
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- ^ "Ric Flair at VCW Pt. 2". youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvvHNgI225U. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
- ^ Gaston Gazette (April 16, 2008). "Ric Flair Honored in Congress". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/inside/industrynews/6885730. Retrieved 2009-10-10.
- ^ Mooneyham, Mike (September 28, 2008). "A new kind of female company for Flair". The Post and Courier. http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2008/sep/28/a_new_kind_female_company_flair56149/. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ^ Molinaro, John (2003). The Top 100 Wrestlers of All Time. ISBN 1-55366-305-5
- ^ "Flair will be in Miami". WWE. 27.3.2012. http://www.wwe.com/classics/wwe-hall-of-fame/ric-flair-to-be-at-hall-of-fame. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
- ^ "WWE has signed Reid Fliehr of Charlotte, N.C., 19, the youngest son of Ric Flair, to a developmental contract. He will be starting in Florida Championship Wrestling in January". Greensborosports.com. 2011-12-31. http://www.greensborosports.com/index.php. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ a b "Alex Marvez's weekly look at professional wrestling". Scripps Howard News Service. 2003-03-04. http://www.shns.com/index.php?action=detail&pk=PROWRESTLING04-03-04-04. Retrieved 2007-09-15. "Not only is Flair's daughter Megan set to give birth to her first child on May 9, two of his other children are also excelling in high school athletics. Ashley Fliehr is one of the top volleyball players in North Carolina, while Reid Fliehr posted a 34-10 amateur wrestling record as a freshman."
- ^ Baines, Tim (2005-04-02). "Going toe to toe with Ric Flair". Ottawa Sun. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2005/04/02/980288-sun.html. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
- ^ Alvarez, Bryan (2012-05-18). "Friday update: More on three-hour Raw move, more on live Impacts, Brooke Hogan, huge weekend schedule of shows, Ashley Flair signs, NXT tapings, tons more". Wrestling Observer Newsletter. http://www.f4wonline.com/more/more-top-stories/3-news/25694-friday-update-more-on-three-hour-raw-move-more-on-live-impacts-brooke-hogan-huge-weekend-schedule-of-shows-ashley-flair-signs-nxt-tapings-tons-more. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
- ^ "Ric Flair Wedding Pics". A tribute to "Nature Boy" Ric Flair. http://www.rfgolds.com/ricflairweddingpics.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
- ^ "Ric Flair Breaks Up With Third Wife Tiffany". PWMania.com. http://www.pwmania.com/newsarticle.php?page=220130964. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ a b "Wrestler's daughter arrested after tussle with police". abc11.com. 2008-09-09. http://abclocal.go.com/wtvd/story?section=news/local&id=6377701. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
- ^ "Wrestler Ric Flair Accused Of Road Rage". WSOC Charlotte. November 28, 2005. http://www.wsoctv.com/news/5420940/detail.html.
- ^ "RAW - December 5, 2005 Results". http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/results/raw/051205.html. Retrieved 2007-04-30 publisher=Online World of Wrestling.
- ^ "Ring Posts: Ric Flair’s departure from WWE". Baltimore Sun. http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/sports/wrestling/blog/2008/08/ric_flairs_departure_from_wwe.html.
- ^ Martin, Adam (2010-01-31). "ROH files lawsuit against Ric Flair". Wrestleview. http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1264921058. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ^ Johnson, Mike (2010-08-03). "HIGHSPOTS.COM FILES LAWSUIT AGAINST RIC FLAIR, FLAIR'S VERSION OF EVENTS DIFFERS GREATLY FROM THEIRS". PWInsider. http://www.pwinsider.com/article/49677/highspotscom-files-lawsuit-against-ric-flair-flairs-version-of-events-differs-greatly-from-theirs.html?p=1. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ Dixenspan, David (2010-07-03). "Highspots sues Ric Flair over lack of repayment of loans". Cageside Seats. http://www.cagesideseats.com/2010/8/3/1603875/highspots-sues-ric-flair-over-lack. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ Caldwell, James (2011-05-26). "Flair News: Warrant issued for Ric Flair's arrest Thursday, related to failure to comply with legal settlement". ProWrestlingTorch. http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Other_News_4/article_50379.shtml. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ Ryan, Shane (2011-05-27). "Ric Flair held in contempt over loans". CharlotteObserver. http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2011/05/27/2331708/ric-flair-held-in-contempt-over.html#storylink=misearch. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
- ^ Adam, Martin (2011-06-26). "Highspots reveals Ric Flair pays up owed money". Wrestleview. http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1309106948. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ^ a b "Flair aims to be N.C governor". SLAM! Wrestling. 2000-02-08. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingFlair/jan18_gov.html. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
- ^ "Flair doesn't file to be N.C. governor - yet". SLAM! Wrestling. 2000-02-08. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingFlair/feb8_gov.html. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
- ^ "Huckabee tailgates and welcomes wrestler support". Politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2007/11/25/huckabee-tailgates-and-welcomes-wrestler-support/. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Mike Mooneyham (2004-07-04). "Flair Pulls No Punches In Book". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927224923/http://www.mikemooneyham.com/pages/viewfull.cfm?ObjectID=887C21B7-3048-52EA-1E34C39B8C6042BE. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
- ^ a b "Bret Hart On Flair". Online World of Wrestling. http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/columns/news/brethartonflair.html.
- ^ Wwf Aims Low, Shoots High Wrestling Comes To The Garden On A Roll[dead link]
- ^ "World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc. - Company History". Fundinguniverse.com. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/World-Wrestling-Federation-Entertainment-Inc-Company-History.html. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Meltzer, Dave. Wrestling Observer. November 17, 1997. Archived version.
- ^ Bret "Hit Man" Hart: The Best There Is, The Best There Was, The Best There Ever Will Be (aka "The Bret Hart Story"), WWE Home Video (2005)
- ^ WCW: The Ultimate Guide. DK Books. 2000. (p.104)
- ^ John F. Molinaro (2000-04-23). "The Franchise on Flair & Russo". SLAM! Wrestling. http://www.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingBiosD/douglas_00aug23.html. Retrieved 2007-05-14.
- ^ Foley, Mick. Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweat socks (p.2)
- ^ Flair, Ric (2004). Ric Flair: to Be the Man. p. 211. ISBN 0-7434-9181-5
- ^ "Goldberg beat himself". SLAM! Sports. http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingBretHart9799/hart_99jan16.html.
- ^ a b "The Leading Combat Hooligans Site on the Net". combat-hooligans.com. http://combat-hooligans.com/2008/02/11/bruno-sammartino-shoots-hard-on-ric-flair-and-explains-why-he-has-no-respect-for-him-at-all/. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ "The Leading Combat Hooligans Site on the Net". combat-hooligans.com. http://combat-hooligans.com/2008/02/17/bruno-sammartino-reveals-how-wwe-asked-him-to-join-the-hall-of-fame-why-he-refused-and-how-the-hall-itself-is-a-scam/. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ World Championship Wrestling (1999-01-17). "Ric & David Flair /w Arn Anderson Vs. Barry Windham & Curt Hennig". WCW Souled Out.
- ^ "Dailymotion - Hogan v. Flair Superbrawl 99". Dailymotion. http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2okq8_hogan-v-flair-superbrawl-99_sport. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
- ^ Riddick, Robert (1988). Ric Flair's Back Where He Belongs
- ^ "Jimmy Hart profile". Online World of Wrestling. http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/j/jimmy-hart.html. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
- ^ Wilkenfeld, Daniel (2011-01-20). "Wilkenfeld's TNA Impact alt. perspective report 1/20: Jarrett--Angle drama sinks the ship". Pro Wrestling Torch. http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/tnaimpact/article_46941.shtml. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
- ^ Caldwell, James (2011-03-13). "Caldwell's TNA Victory Road PPV results 3/13: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV - Sting vs. Hardy TNA Title match". Pro Wrestling Torch. http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/tnappvs/article_48441.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-13.
- ^ Meltzer, Dave (2011-12-28). "Wed. update: Punk, ROH surgery, Tokyo Dome; Raw rating, Dixie Carter, Madden, ROH, UFC fights". Wrestling Observer Newsletter. http://www.f4wonline.com/more/more-top-stories/96-wwe/23552-wed-update-punk-roh-surgery-tokyo-dome-raw-rating-dixie-carter-madden-roh-ufc-fights. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- ^ "Wrestler Entrance Music". Online World of Wrestling. http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/information/music/enter/. Retrieved 2009-12-28.
- ^ "Superstars of the Superstation 2/86". The Powerdriver Review. http://wcwrules4lyf.wordpress.com/2007/06/14/superstars-of-the-superstation-286/. Retrieved 2009-10-31. [dead link]
- ^ "Fortune Theme". Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. http://shoptna.com/fortune-theme.aspx. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
- ^ "Immortal Theme". Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. http://shoptna.com/immortal---theme.aspx. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
- ^ a b c d NWA World Heavyweight Title history[2] At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Title history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Title history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ NWA Mid-Atlantic Television Title history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Title history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ NWA World Tag Team Title (Mid-Atlantic/WCW) history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ WCW International World Heavyweight Title history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ WCW World Heavyweight Title history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Top 500 Wrestlers of the PWI Years". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwi500yr.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Top 500 - 1991". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwi50091.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Top 500 - 1992". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwi50092.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Top 500 - 1994". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwi50094.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
- ^ a b c d "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Award Winners - Feud of the Year". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwifoty.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ a b c "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Award Winners - Match of the Year". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwimoty.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Award Winners - Most Hated Wrestler of the Year". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwimhoty.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Award Winners - Rookie of the Year". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwiroty.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated Award Winners - Wrestler of the Year". Wrestling Information Archive. http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/pwi/pwiwoty.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ a b "Pro Wrestling Reports 2008 Honors". Pro Wrestling Report. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpWdxy9ClmU. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
- ^ NWA Missouri Heavyweight Title history At wrestling-titles.com
- ^ a b c d "Title history: Ric Flair". WWE. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080411093424/http://www.wwe.com/superstars/halloffame/ricflair/titlehistory. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
References[link]
- Flair, Ric; Keith Elliot Greenberg, Mark Madden (ed.) (2005). Ric Flair: To Be the Man. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-9181-5. OCLC 60523429.
- Mick Foley (2000). Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-103101-1.
- Ric Flair & The Four Horsemen. Stamford, Connecticut: WWE Home Video. 2007. OCLC 144971907.
- Where Flair got the "Nature Boy" name
- Ric Flair at TheSmokingGun.com
- Ric Flair career bio at Wrestleinfo.com
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ric Flair |
- RicFlair.com (Official Website)
- Professional wrestling record for Ric Flair from The Internet Wrestling Database
- Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame Profile
- WWE Hall of Fame Profile
- TNA Impact Wrestling Profile
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Flair, Ric |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Professional wrestler |
| Date of birth | 1820-2-5 |
| Place of birth | Memphis, Tennessee |
| Date of death | 2011-7-9 |
| Place of death | Washington D.C |
http://wn.com/Ric_Flair
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Richard Fliehr
http://es.wn.com/Ric Flair
http://ru.wn.com/Рик Флэр
http://nl.wn.com/Ric Flair
http://pt.wn.com/Ric Flair
http://pl.wn.com/Ric Flair
http://fr.wn.com/Ric Flair
http://de.wn.com/Ric Flair
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ric_Flair
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Shawn Michaels | |
|---|---|
 Shawn Michaels at Wrestlemania 24 in March 2008. |
|
| Ring name(s) | Sean Michaels[1] Shawn Michaels |
| Billed height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)[2][3] |
| Billed weight | 225 lb (102 kg)[2] |
| Born | (1965-07-22) July 22, 1965 (age 46) Chandler, Arizona[4] |
| Resides | San Antonio, Texas[5] |
| Billed from | San Antonio, Texas[2] |
| Trained by | Jose Lothario[6] |
| Debut | October 16, 1984[7] |
| Retired | March 28, 2010 |
Michael Shawn Hickenbottom (born July 22, 1965), better known by his ring name Shawn Michaels, is a retired professional wrestler, and an American television host. He is currently signed to WWE, where he has served as an ambassador for the company since December 2010. Hickenbottom consistently wrestled for WWE, formerly the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), from 1988 until his first retirement in 1998, due to injury. He appeared in non-wrestling roles from 1998 to 2000, and resumed his in-ring career in 2002, retiring in 2010. He also hosts the show MacMillan River Adventures, airing on the Outdoor Channel.
Hickenbottom began his wrestling career with Mid-South Wrestling, now known as Universal Wrestling Federation, and American Wrestling Association (AWA). During his time with AWA, he performed in partnership with Marty Jannetty, as The Midnight Rockers; winning the AWA World Tag Team Championship twice. Hickenbottom and Jannetty briefly signed with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1987, while in contract with AWA. They returned to AWA, only to go back to the WWF in 1988.
Hickenbottom later worked as a singles performer, taking on a new persona of "The Heartbreak Kid" and, first as a villain and later as a fan favorite, moved into the main event sphere. He wielded considerable influence on booking decisions as the leader of The Kliq, a backstage group, which however fell apart in 1996. The following year, he teamed up with Hunter Hearst Hemsley, who often was referred to as Triple H (HHH), Chyna, and Rick Rude to form D-Generation X (DX). This group of wrestlers was known for their sophomoric crude humor. That same year, Hickenbottom took part in one of the most controversial matches in wrestling history, dubbed as the "Montreal Screwjob." After a back injury forced him to retire following his WWF Championship loss at WrestleMania XIV, Hickenbottom opened a wrestling academy, called The Shawn Michaels Wrestling Academy, in which he trained upcoming wrestlers. He made his in-ring return at SummerSlam in 2002. In 2006, Hickenbottom and Triple H briefly reformed DX, but after an injury that Triple H sustained, Hickenbottom returned to singles wrestling. Although as of 2009, the duo reunited as a tag team once more, with the two capturing the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship. In the WWF/WWE, Michaels held championships, and headlined pay-per-view events, in each decade from the 1990s to the 2010s; at WrestleMania XXVI, he was forced to retire from in-ring competition when he lost a career-threatening match. In December 2010, he signed a long-term deal with WWE, making his first live appearance at a WWE show since WrestleMania later that month. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2011. Following his induction, WWE said of Michaels, "Ask any Superstar on the WWE roster who the most gifted sports-entertainer of all time is and nearly everyone will have the same answer — Shawn Michaels."[2]
Among other accolades, Hickenbottom is a four-time world champion: a three-time WWF Champion and a former World Heavyweight Champion. He was also the winner of the 1995 and 1996 Royal Rumbles and was the company's first Grand Slam Champion. He has also won the PWI Match of the Year Award a record eleven times. Hickenbottom currently resides in San Antonio, Texas with his wife, Rebecca, and their two children.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Hickenbottom was born on July 22, 1965 in Chandler, Arizona.[4][8] The last of four children – Randy, Scott, and Shari are his older siblings – he was raised in a military family and spent a brief part of his early years in Reading, Berkshire, England,[4] but grew up in San Antonio, Texas. As a child, Hickenbottom disliked the name Michael, so his family and friends just called him Shawn.[9] Ever since, he has been referred to as Shawn. Additionally, Hickenbottom moved around frequently since his father was in the military.[9]
He knew he wanted to become a professional wrestler at the age of twelve.[8] Hickenbottom was already an athlete; his career began at the age of six when he started playing football.[10] He was a stand-out linebacker at Randolph High School and eventually became captain of the football team.[2][11] After graduating, Hickenbottom attended Southwest Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas, but soon realized that college life was not for him.[12] He then began pursuing a career in professional wrestling.
Professional wrestling career[link]
AWA and WWF (1984–1988)[link]
Hickenbottom began to train under Mexican professional wrestler Jose Lothario.[6][7] During his training, Hickenbottom adopted the ring name, Shawn Michaels.[1] After his training with Lothario, he debuted as Shawn Michaels with Mid-South Wrestling and Texas All-Star Wrestling (TASW) promotions in October 1984 at the age of 19.[1] During his time with TASW, Michaels replaced Nick Kiniski in the American Breed tag team, teaming with Paul Diamond. Michaels and Diamond were awarded the TASW Tag Team Championship by Chavo Guerrero, Sr.[8] The team was later renamed American Force.[13] He also worked for Central States Wrestling.[14] There, he and tag team partner Marty Jannetty defeated The Batten Twins for the Central States Tag Team Championship, later losing it back to the Battens.[8] Michaels also made several appearances in the Dallas, Texas-based World Class Championship Wrestling throughout 1985.
Michaels made his national-level debut at the age of twenty in American Wrestling Association (AWA), once again teaming with Marty Jannetty.[6] The pair were billed as The Midnight Rockers and held the AWA World Tag Team Championship, defeating Doug Somers and Buddy Rose.[6] In 1987, The Rockers were signed by a competing promotion: the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).[6] They were fired from WWF two weeks later, for a bar incident (a misunderstanding, according to Michaels' autobiography).[6][15] They then returned to AWA, but were re-signed by WWF a year later.[15]
World Wrestling Federation (1988–2000)[link]
The Rockers (1988–1991)[link]
Main article: The Rockers
The Rockers redebuted at a WWF live event on July 7, 1988.[16] Due to WWF chairman Vince McMahon's desire to have his performers carry WWF-exclusive ring names, Michaels and Jannetty were renamed, as simply "The Rockers."[1] The team proved popular with both children and women.[6] The team was a mid-card stalwart of television and pay-per-view shows for the next two years.[17]
In October 1990, The Rockers were scheduled to win the WWF Tag Team Championship from The Hart Foundation (Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart), as Neidhart, half of the championship team, was in the process of negotiating his release from the company.[17] The match was taped with The Rockers winning the belts, but soon after, Neidhart came to an agreement with management and was rehired.[17] The belts were returned to the Hart Foundation, while the title change was never broadcast or even acknowledged on television.[17] When news spread, WWF explained that the original result was void due to a collapsed turnbuckle in the ring during the bout. A buckle had indeed broke, but not to a noticeable or dangerous extent during the match.[1] The Rockers continued their partnership, eventually splitting on December 2, 1991 during an incident on Brutus "The Barber" Beefcake's televised Barber Shop talk show promotional segment.[18] Michaels superkicked Jannetty and threw him through a glass window on the set of Beefcake's talk show.[6][19] Jannetty returned to the WWF the following year and enjoyed moderate success before leaving the company in 1994, while Michaels became a prominent villain of the early-to-mid 1990s as "The Boy Toy."[18]
The Heartbreak Kid (1992–1995)[link]
See also: Shawn Michaels and Kevin Nash
At the suggestion of "Mr Perfect" Curt Hennig, Michaels adopted the nickname "The Heartbreak Kid."[6] Along with his new name came a new gimmick as a vain, cocky villain.[20] He was put together with mirror-carrying manager, Sensational Sherri, who, according to the storyline, had become infatuated with him.[18] Sherri even sang the first version of his new theme music, "Sexy Boy."[1] During that period, after Michaels had wrestled his scheduled match at live events, his departure was announced with the words, "Shawn Michaels has left the building" (alluding to the phrase "Elvis has left the building").[21]
At WrestleMania VIII, in his first pay-per-view singles match, Michaels defeated El Matador: both men had simultaneously eliminated each other from that year's Royal Rumble.[22] He subsequently became a contender to the promotion's singles championships. Michaels competed in his first pay-per-view main event when he co-headlined UK Rampage on April 19 at the Sheffield Arena, in a losing effort against "Macho Man" Randy Savage for the WWF Championship.[23][24] He failed to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship from Bret Hart in the WWF's first-ever ladder match at a Wrestling Challenge taping on July 21, which would subsequently be made available on multiple Coliseum/WWE Home Video releases.[25][26] He, however, won the title from The British Bulldog on the October 27, 1992 episode of Saturday Night's Main Event, which aired on November 14.[27] Shortly thereafter, he faced Hart for the WWF Championship in the main event of the 1992 Survivor Series, but lost the match.[28] Originally the secondary main event, Michaels and Hart became the primary main event after The Ultimate Warrior was unable to compete, and was replaced by Mr. Perfect in the tag team match that involved Randy Savage against the team of Ric Flair and Razor Ramon.[29] During this time, Michaels and Sherri split and he engaged himself in a feud with former tag team partner Marty Jannetty.[6] Michaels lost the Intercontinental Championship to Jannetty on Monday Night Raw on May 17, 1993.[27] He then regained it on June 6 with the help of his debuting "bodyguard" (and off-air friend) Diesel,[1][27] and co-headlined the King of the Ring in a title defense against Crush.[30]
In September 1993, Michaels had quit the company, after it was announced that he had failed to defend his title enough times during a set period; in reality, he had been suspended for testing positive for steroids – a charge that Michaels denies to this day.[31] After turning down World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s advances, Michaels returned to the WWF and made several appearances in the United States Wrestling Association (USWA) during a WWF/USWA cross-promotion. He returned to WWF television in November at the Survivor Series pay-per-view, substituting for Jerry Lawler, who was dealing with legal issues, in a match pitting himself and three of Lawler's "Knights" against the Hart brothers, Bret, Bruce, Keith, and Owen.[32]
He soon entered a staged rivalry with Razor Ramon, who had won the vacated Intercontinental Championship, during Michaels' absence.[33] Since Michaels had never been defeated in the ring for the title, he claimed to be the rightful champion and even carried around his old title belt.[33] This feud culminated in a ladder match between the two at WrestleMania X.[33] Michaels lost the match, which featured both his and Ramon's belts suspended above a ladder in the ring.[32][33] This match was voted by fans as "PWI Match of the Year" by Pro Wrestling Illustrated.[6] It also received a 5-star rating from Wrestling Observer Newsletter member Dave Meltzer, one of five WWE matches to do so. Over the next few months, Michaels battled various injuries and launched the Heartbreak Hotel television talk show segment, mainly shown on WWF Superstars.[34]
On August 28, 1994, Michaels and Diesel captured the Tag Team Championship from The Headshrinkers (Samu and Fatu).[35] The next day, at SummerSlam, Diesel lost the Intercontinental Championship to Ramon when Michaels accidentally superkicked Diesel.[32] This triggered a split between Michaels and Diesel, a storyline that was drawn out until Survivor Series that November.[36] Michaels went on to win the Royal Rumble in 1995,[37] which set up a championship grudge match at WrestleMania XI against Diesel (who had gone on to win the WWF Championship from Bob Backlund).[37] As part of the storyline, Michaels recruited Sycho Sid as his bodyguard for the build-up, lost the match,[38] and was attacked by Sid the following night.[39] After this, Michaels took time off,[39] because Vince McMahon wanted Michaels to become a fan favorite.[40]
Kliq, WWF Champion and D-Generation X (1995–1997)[link]
Michaels returned to the ring, as a fan favorite, in May 1995. He went on to defeat Jeff Jarrett in July at the In Your House pay-per-view event, to win his third Intercontinental Championship.[6][41] This led to a title defense against Razor Ramon at SummerSlam, in a ladder match, which Michaels won.[6] Around this time Michaels became the alleged leader of a backstage group known as The Kliq.[6] Others perceived the group to have sufficient clout with WWF owner Vince McMahon, becoming dominant wrestling figures in the WWF for several years in the mid-1990s. Michaels disputes the perception, saying that McMahon pushed only deserving wrestlers.[42] Michaels' fan base was later nicknamed "The Kliq" as an inside reference to the real "Kliq".[43] In October 1995, he was legitimately attacked by several men outside a bar in Syracuse, New York.[1] Shortly afterwards, at the In Your House: Great White North pay-per-view, Michaels forfeited the Intercontinental Championship to staged rival Dean Douglas because he was, according to WWF, unable to compete.[44] Later in the night, Douglas lost the championship to Kliq member Razor Ramon.[45] The next month, during a match with Owen Hart on an episode of Monday Night Raw, Owen performed an enzuigiri that struck the back of Michaels' head.[46] They continued the match, but Michaels collapsed in the ring, supposedly because he had suffered a concussion.[1][46] The concussion was scripted, which was kept from most fans at the time.[1] A retirement angle was written so that Michaels could take some time off, after he came back from an injury too soon.[1]
After teasing a retirement, Michaels returned to the WWF at the Royal Rumble match in 1996, which he wound up winning for a second year in a row, to receive a WWF Championship match in the main event at WrestleMania XII.[47] Around this time, Jose Lothario became Michaels' on-screen manager.[48] At WrestleMania XII, Michaels defeated WWF Champion Bret Hart in the overtime of their sixty minute Iron Man match, which had ended in a 0–0 tie.[6] On May 19, 1996, Michaels and his fellow Kliq members were involved in the incident known as "Curtain Call". Diesel and Razor Ramon were about to leave WWF to company rival WCW. After Michaels won a match against Diesel, Ramon and Hunter Hearst Helmsley came to the ring and joined Michaels and Diesel in a group-hug.[49] As Diesel and Helmsley were seen as villains at the time, in contrast to Michaels and Ramon, this constituted a breach of "kayfabe", as acting out of character, which was rare and controversial at the time.[49] As WCW gained momentum due to the signings of Hall and Nash, Michaels held the championship for most of the year. Michaels' championship reign ended at the 1996 Survivor Series event, where he lost to Sycho Sid, his former bodyguard.[50] Michaels recaptured the championship from Sid in January 1997 at the Royal Rumble.[51]
On a special episode of Raw dubbed Thursday Raw Thursday, Michaels vacated the WWF Championship;[1] he explained to fans that he was informed by doctors that he had conjured a knee injury, and that he had to retire.[52] His speech was regarded as controversial, as Michaels was allegedly unwilling to lose to Bret Hart at WrestleMania 13 (since it was noted that he was going to have a rematch with Hart at WrestleMania).[6] Michaels contemplated thoughts of retirement and stated that he "had to find his smile again," which he had "lost" somewhere down the line.[6] After knee surgery by Dr. James Andrews, Michaels returned a few months later, briefly teaming with Stone Cold Steve Austin to win the WWF Tag Team Championship.[53] In his autobiography, Michaels reveals about his real-life feud with Bret Hart, claiming that Bret did interviews on live television claiming that he [Michaels] was faking his whole injury.[54]
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At SummerSlam, Michaels officiated the WWF Championship match between WWF Champion The Undertaker and Bret Hart.[55] The match ended in controversial fashion, with Michaels hitting Undertaker with a chair (unintentionally, as he was aiming for Bret after he spat in his face).[55] Michaels was then forced to award the championship to his nemesis, Bret Hart.[55] The next night on Raw, signs of a heel turn started to show as Michaels told the WWF fans what happened at SummerSlam was an accident and that he would deal with the Undertaker when the time came. At WWF One Night Only, held in Birmingham, England in September, Michaels defeated The British Bulldog to capture the WWF European Championship.[55][56] The fans at the event were so appalled at the result of the match they booed Michaels out of the building, to the extent that they littered the ring with garbage, cementing his second heel turn.[55][57] With this win, Michaels became the first Grand Slam Champion.[2] At the October pay-per-view event, In Your House: Badd Blood, Michaels and Undertaker participated in the first Hell in a Cell match. During the match, it saw Michaels fall off the side of the 15-foot (5 m) high structure through a table and saw him as the winner in the match.[58] The match received a 5-star rating from Dave Meltzer.
In the summer, Michaels joined forces with real-life friend, Hunter Hearst Helmsley, Hunter's then-girlfriend, Chyna, and Rick Rude to form the stable, D-Generation X (DX).[59] Moving away from the family-oriented product, this marked the beginning of the WWF Attitude Era.[60] Michaels continued his rivalry with Bret Hart and his reformed Hart Foundation, which was now a pro-Canada stable. Michaels taunted the group and Canada by engaging in acts, such as blowing his nose with and humping the Canadian Flag. Michaels later claimed the flag desecration was Bret's idea.[61] Michaels' feud with the Hart Foundation culminated in a championship match at Survivor Series in 1997 against Bret Hart. Michaels came out of this match, dubbed by fans the "Montreal Screwjob", as the WWF Champion.[62] Michaels now held both the WWF and European championship at the same time. Michaels, however, lost the European Championship to D-Generation X member, Hunter Hearst Hemsley, who often was referred to as Triple H (HHH), when he pinned him during a farcical match, making Triple H the European Champion.[63]
First retirement (1998–2002)[link]
At the 1998 Royal Rumble, Michaels received a legitimate back injury in a Casket match against The Undertaker.[6] Michaels took a back body drop to the outside of the ring and smashed his lower back on the casket, causing him to herniate two discs and crush one completely.[6][64] This rendered Michaels unable to compete in the main event of the following month's No Way Out of Texas: In Your House as advertised, and forced him into retirement after losing the WWF Championship to Steve Austin at WrestleMania XIV.[65]
Michaels would continue to make non-wrestling appearances on WWF programming, and on November 23, 1998, replaced Sgt. Slaughter as the WWF Commissioner, a portrayed match maker and rules enforcer, eventually joining Vince McMahon's group of wrestlers called the Corporation as a villain.[66] Throughout late 1998 and early 1999, Michaels made regular television appearances on Raw, in which he scheduled matches, throwing around his authority, and sometimes even deciding the outcome of matches.[67][68][69] On January 4, 1999 on Raw, Michaels re-joined DX as a fan favorite, but disappeared from WWF television for a few months to have back surgery,[70] and by the time he had returned, DX had broken up.
Michaels made occasional appearances as the WWF Commissioner during the spring and summer of 1999, but remained absent from television until May 15, 2000, upon which he returned on Raw to announce himself as the special guest referee for the Iron Man match between The Rock and Triple H at Judgment Day.[71] One month later, Michaels briefly reappeared on Raw to hand over the role of Commissioner to Mick Foley and afterwards did not make any in-ring appearances until mid-2002,[72] appearing only once on WWF television to make a speech at WWF New York during Armageddon 2000.[73] During this time, believing that his wrestling career was over, Michaels was interested in training individuals who wanted to become professional wrestlers.[74] He saw potential in using his name and opened the Shawn Michaels Wrestling Academy in 1999, after his lawyer, Skip McCormick, suggested the idea.[74] Michaels left the academy in 2002,[74] giving co-founder Rudy Boy Gonzalez sole responsibility due to Michaels' new contract with WWE.[6] Michaels was also a sportscaster for San Antonio's local news for a short period during his retirement.[74]
Return to World Wrestling Entertainment (2002–present)[link]
nWo, World Heavyweight Champion & Feud with Evolution (2002–2005)[link]
In 2002, Michaels returned to WWE television after 18 months of absence. On the June 3 episode of Raw, he was announced as a new member of the recently-reformed New World Order (nWo) stable by Kevin Nash.[75] After the nWo had disbanded, Triple H appeared to make amends with Michaels. This was solidified when Michaels pleaded Triple H to return to Raw.[76] Later on, they came down to the ring sporting their DX music and attire. When the pair was about to perform their trademark "Suck It" taunt, Triple H turned on Michaels by performing a Pedigree on him.[76] Continuing the angle, a week later, Triple H attacked Michaels from behind in a parking lot and put his head through a car window, in storyline.[77] In response, Michaels challenged Triple H to "a fight" (a non-sanctioned match) at SummerSlam,[78] which Triple H accepted, laying the foundation for a rivalry that would last for several years. In his first official wrestling match since WrestleMania XIV, Michaels won at SummerSlam, but was attacked by Triple H with a sledgehammer after the match.[79] At Survivor Series, Michaels won the World Heavyweight Championship from Triple H in the first-ever Elimination Chamber match.[80] Michaels' reign as champion came to an end a month later when he lost the championship to Triple H in a Three Stages of Hell match, a series of three matches in which wrestlers attempt to win the majority of matches, at Armageddon.[81]
Michaels then began a rivalry with Chris Jericho, after Jericho claimed that he was the next Shawn Michaels.[82] On January 13, 2003, after Jericho won a battle royal to select his entry number for the Royal Rumble, choosing number two in order to start the match with Michaels,[83] who had already been named number one. At the Royal Rumble, Jericho, with the help of Christian, eliminated Michaels.[84] Michaels defeated Jericho at WrestleMania XIX.[85]
As a part of an ongoing feud with Triple H, the two competed alongside Chris Benoit in the main event match at WrestleMania XX for the World Heavyweight Championship. The former DX partners both came up short in the match, however, as Benoit won the championship.[86] At Bad Blood in June, Michaels lost to Triple H in a Hell in a Cell match.[86] Four months later, he lost a World Heavyweight championship match against Triple H, after Edge interfered at Taboo Tuesday, when the fans voted for him ahead of Edge and Chris Benoit to face Triple H one more time.[87] Following this, Michaels was out of action for a few months with a legitimate torn meniscus.[2][88]
At the Royal Rumble in 2005, Michaels competed in the Rumble match and eliminated Kurt Angle. In seeking revenge, Angle re-entered the ring and eliminated Michaels, and thus placed him in an ankle lock submission hold, outside of the ring.[89] Michaels issued a challenge to Angle for a match at WrestleMania 21, which Angle accepted when he appeared on Raw to attack Michaels.[90] The following week on Raw, Marty Jannetty and Michaels had a one time reunion as The Rockers and defeated La Résistance (Robért Conway and Sylvain Grenier).[91] Three days later on SmackDown!, Angle defeated Jannetty, after Angle made Jannetty submit to the ankle lock.[92] To send a "message" to Michaels, Angle also humiliated Michaels' former manager, Sensational Sherri, when he applied the ankle lock hold on her.[93] At WrestleMania 21 in April, Angle defeated Michaels by submission, again with an ankle lock.[89] Two months later, at a WrestleMania 21 rematch, Michaels defeated Angle at the Vengeance pay-per-view event.[94]
Following the events of WrestleMania 21, the next night on Raw, Muhammad Hassan and Daivari came out to confront and assault Michaels.[95] On the April 11 episode of Raw, Michaels approached authority figure Eric Bischoff, in which he demanded a handicap match with Hassan and Daivari, a match consisting of one wrestler or team of wrestlers facing off against a team of wrestlers with numerical superiority such as two against one, or three against two. Bischoff refused to schedule the match, but informed Michaels to find a partner and he would grant him the match. Michaels then made a plea for Hulk Hogan to come back and team with him.[96] On the April 18 episode of Raw, Hassan again led an attack on Michaels until Hogan appeared to save Michaels and accept his offer.[97] At Backlash, Hassan and Daivari lost to Hogan and Michaels when Daivari was pinned.[98] On the July 4 episode of Raw, Michaels and Hulk Hogan had a tag team match, which they won.[99] During the post-match pose, Michaels hit Hogan with his superkick, knocking Hogan to the ground and making Michaels a villain for the first time since returning in 2002.[99] The following week on Raw, Michaels appeared on Piper's Pit where he superkicked Roddy Piper and then challenged Hogan to a match at SummerSlam.[100][101] Hogan defeated Michaels at SummerSlam, and after the match Michaels extended his hand to him, saying "I needed to know, and I found out" and he and Hogan shook hands. Michaels left the ring to allow Hogan to celebrate with the crowd, and Michaels once again became a fan favorite.[102]
D-Generation X reunion (2006–2007)[link]
See also: D-Generation X reunion
On the December 26, 2005 episode of Raw, Vince McMahon lauded Michaels for his part in the "Montreal Screwjob". Michaels said he was only being loyal to his company, he had moved on, and McMahon should move on as well. McMahon then began setting unusual stipulations for Michaels' matches and interfering on behalf of Michaels' opponents.[103] During the Royal Rumble, McMahon made his way to the ring, and as Michaels stared at McMahon, Shane McMahon made a surprising appearance, eliminating Michaels from the match.[104] On the February 13 episode of Raw, McMahon tried unsuccessfully to force Michaels to sign retirement papers.[105] The following week, Michaels won a handicap match against the Spirit Squad (Kenny, Johnny, Mitch, Nicky and Mikey) and after the match, Michaels' former partner, Marty Jannetty, came down to help Michaels from the assault by the Spirit Squad. After the two reunited, McMahon offered Jannetty a contract if he "kissed his ass."[106] The following week, Jannetty refused McMahon's offer and instead took Chris Masters' "Masterlock challenge."[107] Michaels tried to help Jannetty, which ultimately resulted in Shane attacking Michaels and forcing him to kiss his father's ass.[107] At Saturday Night's Main Event, Shane defeated Michaels in a Street Fight, a match without disqualifications and where scoring conditions can occur anywhere, after he applied a sharpshooter on Michaels, which led to McMahon immediately ordering for the bell to be rung, even though Michaels did not submit, which was an allusion to the "Montreal Screwjob".[108] Despite interference from the Spirit Squad and Shane, Michaels defeated McMahon at WrestleMania 22 in a No Holds Barred match, a match where there are no disqualifications.[105] At Backlash, The McMahons (Vince and Shane) defeated Michaels and "God" in a tag team match, with help from the Spirit Squad in a no disqualification match.[109] On the May 22 episode of Raw, the Squad was scripted to injure Michaels' knee.[110] This was angle was written so that Michaels could have surgery on his knee, which had been legitimately injured for some time.[111]
In 2006, a series of events took place which suggested a reunion of Michaels and Triple H as DX. They began at WrestleMania 22, where both Michaels and Triple H performed the crotch chop, during their matches.[105] On Raw, the two continued to deliver chops, as Michaels feuded with Vince McMahon and Triple H went for the WWE Championship, repeatedly butting heads with Vince McMahon in the process. On the June 12 episode of Raw, DX officially reunited.[112] During Triple H's gauntlet match, which had him compete against the Spirit Squad. Michaels came in to help Triple H, and the two did the DX "crotch chops."[112] At Vengeance, DX defeated the Spirit Squad in a 5–on–2 handicap match.[113] They also defeated the Spirit Squad at Saturday Night's Main Event in a 5-on-2 elimination match and defeated The McMahons at SummerSlam.[114] At Unforgiven, DX once again defeated the McMahons and ECW World Champion The Big Show in a Hell in a Cell match.[115]
At Cyber Sunday, DX took on Rated-RKO (Edge and Randy Orton). The fan-selected referee Eric Bischoff allowed the illegal use of a steel chair to give Rated-RKO the ill-gotten win and the plaudit of being the first tag team to defeat DX in a tag team match since their reformation in June 2006.[116] At Survivor Series, however, Team DX emerged victorious against Team Rated-RKO in a clean sweep victory.[117] At New Year's Revolution, Triple H suffered a legitimate torn right quadriceps during their match with Rated-RKO.[118] Rated-RKO claimed victory over DX, citing Triple H's injury, as the "end" of DX.[119] On January 15, Michaels lived up to his word of "dealing" with Rated-RKO, from his comments the previous week before,[120][121] when he took out Randy Orton with a con-chair-to after a handicap match against Edge and Orton.[122]
Various feuds (2007–2009)[link]
On the January 29 episode of Raw, Michaels captured the World Tag Team Championship with WWE Champion John Cena after defeating Rated-RKO.[123] He then defeated both Edge and Orton in a Triple Threat number one contender's match on another episode of Raw to earn a shot at the WWE Championship.[124] At WrestleMania 23, Cena retained the championship, after he made Michaels submit to the STFU.[125] The next night on Raw, Michaels and Cena competed in two back-to-back ten team battle royals, winning the first and losing the titles in the second to The Hardys (Matt and Jeff) when Michaels threw Cena over the top rope.[126] Michaels' feud with Cena continued and he faced off with Cena, Edge and Randy Orton in a Fatal Four-Way Match at Backlash for the WWE Championship. Cena retained the championship when Michaels performed Sweet Chin Music on Cena causing him to fall on Orton, which gained Cena the pinfall.[127]
Michaels then entered a feud with Randy Orton when Orton claimed that he could beat Michaels.[128] The week before their scheduled match at Judgment Day, after Michaels won a match against Edge, Orton interfered, punting Michaels in the head.[128] Orton assaulted Michaels again, just prior to their match at Judgment Day, interrupting Michaels' interview segment.[129] Michaels collapsed during the course of their match, causing Orton to win by referee stoppage.[129] Afterwards, Orton continued the beating, when he performed an RKO to a fallen Michaels. Michaels was then removed out of the ring in a stretcher.[129] During the feud, Michaels conjured a storyline concussion. This injury was used to keep Michaels out of action, as he required surgery for his knee.[130] Michaels made his return on the October 8 episode of Raw, performing a superkick to newly-crowned WWE Champion, Randy Orton, during his title ceremony at the end of the show and then celebrating over the knocked-out champion as Vince McMahon watched.[131] At Cyber Sunday, Michaels was voted by the fans to face Orton for the WWE Championship; though he won via disqualification when Orton hit Michaels with a low blow, which resulted in Orton retaining the championship.[132] Michaels got another opportunity at the WWE Championship, when he was granted his rematch against Orton at Survivor Series.[133] In their match, Michaels was banned from using Sweet Chin Music upon request by Orton, referring to as Michaels superkicking Orton week after week.[134] Michaels lost the match, when Orton performed an RKO for the win.[133]
As part of the storyline involving Ric Flair, Michaels faced Flair in a Career Threatening match at WrestleMania XXIV, in which he won by performing Sweet Chin Music and thus ending Flair's career.[135] [136] Afterwards, Batista confronted Michaels about his actions at WrestleMania, calling him selfish and egotistical.[137] The two faced off at Backlash with Chris Jericho as the guest referee. Michaels won after faking a knee injury and performing Sweet Chin Music.[138] Jericho then confronted Michaels on this matter, in which Michaels admitted to faking the injury in order to defeat Batista.[139] Michaels then defeated Jericho at Judgment Day.[140] At One Night Stand, Michaels lost to Batista in a stretcher match, thus ending their feud.[141] On the June 9 episode of Raw, Michaels was attacked by Chris Jericho during his talk show segment, The Highlight Reel, being thrown directly through a television screen.[142] The following week, it was revealed that, within the context of the storyline, Michaels had suffered a detached retina.[143] At The Great American Bash, a match between Michaels and Jericho was scheduled, in which Jericho assaulted Michaels' eye, which caused Jericho to win by referee stoppage.[143]
A month later at SummerSlam, Michaels was scripted to announce his retirement from professional wrestling, though the staged rivalry between Jericho and himself continued after Jericho punched Michaels' wife in the face.[144] On the August 25 episode of Raw, Michaels denounced his decision to retire and challenged Jericho to an unsanctioned match at Unforgiven, which Jericho accepted.[145] The following week, Michaels and Jericho held a scripted official contract signing for the unsanctioned match. During the contract signing, a confrontation with Jericho occurred.[146] A predicament ensued when Michaels suffered a small tear on his left triceps,[146][147] though Michaels was medically cleared to compete in the match.[146] At Unforgiven, Michaels defeated Jericho, after the referee stopped the match, due to the severity of the beating Michaels was giving Jericho.[148] It was at the same September event that Jericho replaced CM Punk in the World Heavyweight Championship scramble match, which saw him win the match and become World Heavyweight Champion.[148] The following month at No Mercy, Michaels met Jericho in a ladder match in which Jericho defended the championship against Michaels.[149] At the event, Jericho defeated Michaels to retain the title.[150]
In December 2008, Michaels accepted an offer to become an employee of John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL). The storyline was that Michaels had lost his family's personal savings due to the global recession, forcing him to accept JBL's offer of employment.[151] After failing to secure JBL the World Heavyweight Championship against John Cena at the Royal Rumble,[152] Michaels agreed to take part in an "All or Nothing" match at No Way Out in February.[153] Michaels won the match, letting Michaels out of his one-year contract with JBL immediately while still receiving full payment.[154] Michaels became the first person to defeat Vladimir Kozlov on the March 2 episode of Raw, and as a result earned the right to face The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXV in April.[155] At the event, The Undertaker defeated Michaels to extend his WrestleMania winning streak to 17–0.[156] After WrestleMania, Michaels took a hiatus from WWE.
Final storylines and retirement (2009–2010)[link]
Michaels returned to WWE programming in a series of segments that aired on the August 10, 2009 episode of Raw, where he had scripted left the WWE. Triple H met with Michaels at an office cafeteria in Texas where he was working as a chef; throughout the segments, Triple H would try to convince Michaels to return to WWE and reform DX. After several incidents during the segments, Michaels agreed to team with Triple H to face The Legacy (Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase) at SummerSlam.[157] At the pay-per-view event, DX defeated Legacy.[158] The two teams would exchange victories, with their feud concluding in October. Two months later, at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, DX defeated Chris Jericho and The Big Show to win the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship in a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match (TLC).[159] On the January 4, 2010 episode of Raw, Michaels buried the hatchet with long-time rival Bret Hart, as they shook hands and hugged in the ring. In contrast to the storylines featured on the show, this was in fact a real-life reconciliation which laid to rest animosities surrounding the Montreal Screwjob. While some cast doubts on its sincerity, both men have confirmed that it was indeed genuine.[160][161] DX lost the Unified Tag Team Championship in a Triple Threat match to the team of The Miz and Big Show on the February 8 episode of Raw, the match also included The Straight Edge Society (CM Punk and Luke Gallows).[162] At the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view, Michaels cost The Undertaker the World Heavyweight Championship in the main event.[163] At WrestleMania XXVI, Michaels lost to The Undertaker and, as a result, was forced to retire due to the match stipulation, the same way HBK ended Ric Flair's career.[164] The following night, on the March 29 episode of Raw, Michaels gave an emotional farewell speech, departing with the familiar sentence, "Shawn Michaels has left the building."[165]
Hall of Famer and part-time appearances (2010–present)[link]
On the December 14 episode of Raw, Michaels won the Slammy award for Moment of the Year for his match against The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXVI. Michaels made an appearance via satellite to accept the award.[166] Three days later, he announced a long-term deal with WWE, where he will serve in an ambassadorial role.[167][168] Michaels made his first live appearance at a WWE show since the night after WrestleMania at the December 11 Tribute to the Troops taping, where he and Triple H made a special appearance for a one-night only DX reunion.[169] Michaels appeared on the January 10, 2011, episode of Raw, where it was announced he was to be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2011. After being ridiculed by Alberto Del Rio, Michaels hit Del Rio with Sweet Chin Music.[170] On the March 28 episode of Raw, Michaels addressed Triple H and The Undertaker about their match at WrestleMania XXVII.[171] Michaels was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame on April 2 by Triple H. The two were also joined by Kevin Nash (who had returned to WWE previously to participate in the recent Royal Rumble) and Sean Waltman, reuniting the majority of The Kliq.[172] He further made an appearance on the June 27 episode of Raw where he was confronted by CM Punk, and superkicked David Otunga and Michael McGillicutty. Later that night when Diamond Dallas Page made a special appearance and was interrupted and threatened by Drew McIntyre, Michaels superkicked McIntyre.[173] He made another appearance on February 13, 2012 to confront his friend Triple H about not accepting The Undertaker's challenge. He also declared the fact that he was the special guest referee for the match between The Undertaker and Triple H inside Hell In A Cell at Wrestlemania XXVIII.
Personal life[link]
Hickenbottom's marriage to his first wife, Theresa Wood, was brief and ended in divorce, but was amicably settled.[174] He is now married to former WCW Nitro Girl Rebecca Hickenbottom (née Curci), who went by the stage name of Whisper. They were married on March 31, 1999 at the Graceland Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada in a small ceremony.[175] The only people present were the couple and an Elvis impersonator. The couple have a son, Cameron Kade (born on January 15, 2000)[176] and a daughter, Cheyenne Michelle (born on August 19, 2004 ).[177] His cousin Matt Bentley is also a professional wrestler having wrestled in TNA and WWE.[178]
Hickenbottom has several tattoos. He has a tattoo of a heart with a sword through it, that has a snake around it in the shape of an "S."[179] He has one on his wedding finger, that has an R for his wife Rebecca.[179] Another in his left wrist, is a bracelet design that says "Cameron" for his son and "Cheyenne" for his daughter.[179] On his left leg he has a picture of his wife,[179] the other leg has a picture of the state of Texas.[179] Finally, he has a small broken heart with the letters "HBK" above it, tattooed on his right hip.[179]
In 1996, Hickenbottom posed in a non-nude layout for Playgirl magazine.[180] It was not until after he posed that he discovered that Playgirl has a mostly homosexual readership, which was seen as humorous by his fellow wrestlers.[180] He is ambidextrous, which caused him problems as a boy playing football, as he had trouble differentiating between his right and left directions.[10] He uses his right hand to draw and color and his left hand to write.[10] He typically uses his right leg when performing Sweet Chin Music, but has been known to use either arm when performing his signature elbow drop. Hickenbottom is a fan of the San Antonio Spurs. He has been seen wearing Spurs merchandise and attending Spurs games.[181] John "Bradshaw" Layfield made a reference to Hickenbottom being a season ticket holder during the 2007 Royal Rumble.[182]
Hickenbottom is a born again Christian. He was raised as a Roman Catholic, but became a non-denominational Christian under the influence of his wife Rebecca.[1] His ring attire often incorporated cross symbols, and while on the way to the ring, he would normally get down on his knees and mouth a prayer while his pyrotechnics went off. He has been seen in the congregation during a televised service of John Hagee's Cornerstone Church in his hometown of San Antonio, where he is also a Bible teacher.[1] He also appeared on a Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) program along with fellow professional wrestler Sting.[183]
In wrestling[link]
- Finishing moves
- Modified figure four leglock[184] – was used rarely after 2008
- Sweet Chin Music[2] (Superkick, with theatrics)
- Teardrop Suplex[185] (Leg hook Saito suplex) – 1992–1993
- Signature moves
- Arm trap crossface[186] – 2007–2010
- Backhand chop[186]
- Belly to back suplex[185]
- Diving elbow drop, with theatrics[1]
- Dropkick[185]
- Figure-four leglock[185]
- Flying forearm smash followed by a kip-up[1]
- Inverted atomic drop[1]
- Moonsault,[1] sometimes while springboarding to the outside
- Skin the cat[85]
- Slingshot crossbody[185]
- Stables and Tag Teams
- Entrance themes
- "Sexy Boy" by Sensational Sherri, Jim Johnston, Jimmy Hart and J.J. Maguire (February 15, 1992–January 30, 1993)
- "Sexy Boy" by Shawn Michaels, Jim Johnston, Jimmy Hart and J.J. Maguire (February 13, 1993–November 9, 1997; November 30, 1998–June 26, 2000; June 3, 2002–June 12, 2006; April 9, 2007–April 5, 2009; March 26, 2010–present)
- "Break It Down" by The DX Band (November 10, 1997–March 29, 1998; June 19, 2006–April 2, 2007; August 24, 2009–March 1, 2010) (Used while a member of D-Generation X)
Championships and accomplishments[link]
- Central States Wrestling
- NWA Central States Tag Team Championship (1 time)[8] – with Marty Jannetty
- Continental Wrestling Association
- AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (2 times)[1][8] – with Marty Jannetty
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- PWI Feud of the Year (2008) vs. Chris Jericho
- PWI Match of the Year (1993)[187] vs. Marty Jannetty on Monday Night Raw on May 17
- PWI Match of the Year (1994)[188] vs. Razor Ramon in a Ladder match at WrestleMania X
- PWI Match of the Year (1995)[6] vs. Diesel at WrestleMania XI
- PWI Match of the Year (1996)[6] vs. Bret Hart in an Iron Man match at WrestleMania XII
- PWI Match of the Year (2004)[187] vs. Chris Benoit and Triple H at WrestleMania XX
- PWI Match of the Year (2005)[187] vs. Kurt Angle at WrestleMania 21
- PWI Match of the Year (2006)[187] vs. Vince McMahon in a No Holds Barred match at WrestleMania 22
- PWI Match of the Year (2007)[187] vs. John Cena on Raw on April 23
- PWI Match of the Year (2008)[187] vs. Ric Flair at WrestleMania XXIV
- PWI Match of the Year (2009)[189] vs. The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXV
- PWI Match of the Year (2010) vs. The Undertaker in a Career vs. Streak match at WrestleMania XXVI
- PWI Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (2010)[190]
- PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1995, 1996)[188]
- PWI ranked him #1 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 in 1996[191]
- PWI ranked him #10 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003[192]
- PWI ranked him #33 of the Top 100 Tag Teams of the "PWI Years" with Marty Jannetty in 2003[192]
.jpg)
- World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
- WWF Championship (3 times)[8]
- World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[8]
- WWF European Championship (1 time)[193]
- WWF Intercontinental Championship (3 times)[8]
- WWF/E World Tag Team Championship (5 times)[194] – with Diesel (2), Steve Austin (1), John Cena (1), and Triple H (1)
- WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time)[195] – with Triple H (1)
- Royal Rumble (1995, 1996)[8]
- Fourth Triple Crown Champion
- First Grand Slam Champion[8]
- WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2011)
- Slammy Award for Best Slammin' Jammin' Entrance (1996)
- Slammy Award for Best Threads (1996)
- Slammy Award for Squared Circle Shocker (1996) Won for collapsing; Owen Hart accepts the award for making Michaels collapse
- Slammy Award for Master of Mat Mechanics (1996)
- Slammy Award for Match of the Year (1996) vs. Razor Ramon in a Ladder match at SummerSlam
- Slammy Award for Leader of the New Generation (1996)
- Slammy Award for Best Finisher (1997)
- Slammy Award for Match of the Year (1997) vs. Bret Hart in an Iron Man match at WrestleMania XII
- Slammy Award for Match of the Year (2008) vs. Ric Flair at WrestleMania XXIV
- Slammy Award for Match of the Year (2009) vs. The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXV
- Slammy Award for Moment of the Year (2010) vs. The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXVI
^ In October 1990, Shawn Michaels and Marty Jannetty defeated The Hart Foundation for the title. Despite winning the match, the win and reign are not recognized by WWE, as the ring ropes broke and the match was not aired on television. As a result, Michaels is only officially recognized as a 5-time World Tag Team Champion.
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter
- 5 Star Match (1994) vs. Razor Ramon in a Ladder match at WrestleMania X.
- 5 Star Match (1997) vs. The Undertaker in a Hell in a Cell at Badd Blood.
- Best Babyface (1996)[196]
- Feud of the Year (2004) vs. Triple H and Chris Benoit[196]
- Feud of the Year (2008) vs. Chris Jericho[196]
- Match of the Year (1994) vs. Razor Ramon in a Ladder match at WrestleMania X[196]
- Match of the Year (2008) vs. Chris Jericho in a Ladder match at No Mercy[196]
- Match of the Year (2009) vs. The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXV[196]
- Match of the Year (2010) vs. The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXVI[197]
- Most Charismatic (1995, 1996)[196]
- Tag Team of the Year (1989) with Marty Jannetty as The Rockers[196]
- Worst Feud of the Year (2006) with Triple H vs. Shane and Vince McMahon[196]
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2003)[198]
See also[link]
References[link]
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- ^ (Michaels & Feigenbaum 2005, p. 164)
- ^ a b c (Michaels & Feigenbaum 2005, pp. 12–13)
- ^ Nanda, Jay (2009-06-03). "It's always Sunny when the original diva's around". San Antonio Express-News: 09T. "[Tammy] Sytch has gone on record via YouTube detailing a 'nine-month' courtship in the 1990s with San Antonio native and World Wrestling Entertainment superstar Shawn Michaels"
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- ^ a b (Michaels & Feigenbaum 2005, p. 57)
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Notes[link]
- Assael, Shaun; Mooneyham, Mike (2002). Sex, Lies, and Headlocks: The Real Story of Vince McMahon and World Wrestling Entertainment. Crown. ISBN 1-4000-5143-6
- Michaels, Shawn; Feigenbaum, Aaron (2005). Heartbreak and Triumph: The Shawn Michaels Story. WWE Books. ISBN 978-0-7434-9380-2
- "2007 Wrestling Almanac & Book of Facts". Wrestling’s Historical Cards (Kappa Publishing). 2007.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shawn Michaels |
- Official website
- Shawn Michaels on Facebook
- Shawn Michaels on Twitter
- Professional wrestling record for Shawn Michaels from The Internet Wrestling Database
- WWE Hall of Fame Profile
- Online World of Wrestling profile
- Shawn Michaels at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hickenbottom, Michael Shawn |
| Alternative names | Michaels, Shawn |
| Short description | Professional wrestler |
| Date of birth | July 22, 1965 |
| Place of birth | Chandler, Arizona |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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