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Florida
Florida () is a state of the United States. It is located in the Southeastern United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the north. Much of the state's land mass is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Caribbean to the south. Florida was admitted as the 27th U.S. state in 1845, after a three hundred year period of European colonization.
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Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
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Ireland
Ireland (,; , ; Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
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Israel
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Japan
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( , ; Arabic: , al-Quds Sharif, "The Holy Sanctuary") is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of . Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City.
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Kykkos Monastery
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West Germany
West Germany () is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG () in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period, during which Germany and Berlin were divided, ended when communist East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the eleven states of the Federal Republic of Germany. The enlarged Federal Republic of Germany with sixteen states (known simply as "Germany") is thus the continuation of the pre-1990 Federal Republic of Germany, and not its successor.
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Alan Smithee
Alan Smithee (also Allen Smithee) was an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project, coined in 1968. Until its use was formally discontinued in 2000, it was the sole pseudonym used by members of the Directors Guild of America (DGA) when a director dissatisfied with the final product proved to the satisfaction of a guild panel that he or she had not been able to exercise creative control over a film. The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the actual director.
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Aleister Crowley
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Alexander Hamilton
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Axl Rose
W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose; February 6, 1962 in Lafayette, Indiana) is an American musician, and the lead vocalist of hard rock band Guns N' Roses.
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania.
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C. L. Moore
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C.C. Deville
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Carlos the Jackal
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Cassius Clay
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Cat Stevens
Yusuf Islam (born Steven Demetre Georgiou; 21 July 1948 in London, England), originally and commonly known by his former stage name Cat Stevens, is a British musician. He is a singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, educator, philanthropist, and prominent convert to Islam.
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Charles Dodgson
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Charles Manson
Charles Milles Manson (born November 12, 1934) is an American criminal who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s. He was found guilty of conspiracy to commit the Tate/LaBianca murders carried out by members of the group at his instruction. He was convicted of the murders through the joint-responsibility rule, which makes each member of a conspiracy guilty of crimes his fellow conspirators commit in furtherance of the conspiracy's object.
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Chris Curtis
Chris Curtis (August 26, 1941 – February 28, 2005) was an English drummer and singer with the 1960s pop band, The Searchers. He originated the concept behind Deep Purple and formed the band in its original incarnation of 'Roundabout'.
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Coen brothers
Joel David Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Jesse Coen (born September 21, 1957), known together professionally as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. The brothers write, direct and produce their films jointly, although until recently Joel received sole credit for directing and Ethan for producing. They often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing film credits for editor under the alias Roderick Jaynes. They are known in the film business as "the two-headed director", as they share a similar vision of their films. It is said that actors can approach either brother with a question and get the same answer.
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D. C. Fontana
Dorothy Catherine "D. C." Fontana (born March 25, 1939 in Sussex, New Jersey) is an American television script writer and story editor, best known for her work on the original Star Trek series.
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Daniel Handler
Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is an author, screenwriter and accordionist. He is best known for his work under the pen name Lemony Snicket.
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David Ben-Gurion
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Eliphas Levi
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Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He has worked with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date.
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Fannie Flagg
Patricia Neal (born September 21, 1944), known professionally as Fannie Flagg, is an American actress, comedienne and author.
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Feeder
Feeder are a Brit-nominated alternative rock group, formed in Newport, Wales in 1991. Feeder's original line-up consisted of vocalist and guitarist Grant Nicholas, drummer Jon Lee and bass player Taka Hirose. By 1995 they released their debut EP Two Colours and a second EP titled Swim, which was followed by their 1997 debut album Polythene, after being met with critical acclaim and made the UK Top 75. Their second album, Yesterday Went Too Soon (1999), again found favour with critics and reached number eight in the UK. The band's cult status was followed by mainstream success in 2001, as they scored a UK Top 10 and South Africa airplay number one hit with the single "Buck Rogers", and the attendant album Echo Park (2001), which reached number five in the UK. Their next release, Comfort in Sound (2002) was released nine months after Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home in January 2002, it spawned the hit singles "Come Back Around", their second top 10 single "Just the Way I'm Feeling", "Forget About Tomorrow" and "Find the Colour". The album was recorded with then former Skunk Anansie drummer Mark Richardson, before charting at number six. Two more studio albums were released, which also included a 2006 singles compilation which charted at number two, with those being Pushing the Senses (2005) which also reached number two and spawned four hit singles including their third UK top 10 "Tumble and Fall". The album was followed by Silent Cry (2008) which charted at number eight, before becoming the last album recorded with Mark Richardson before he returned to a reformed Skunk Anansie in 2009. In 2008 Echo ceased operations as a record company.
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Flo Rida
Tramar Dillard (born on September 17, 1979), better known by his stage name Flo Rida (), is an American rapper and singer. Later, he appeared in numerous popular rap mixtapes and studio albums, most notably in We the Best in 2006. Mail on Sunday was Flo Rida's solo debut album; its first single "Low", featuring T-Pain which was a #1 hit for ten weeks in United States in early 2008. Two other singles resulted from Mail on Sunday: "Elevator" and "In the Ayer". In 2009, his second album R.O.O.T.S. was released; its most successful single "Right Round" was at the top of the Hot 100 for six weeks.
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Francis Ford Coppola
Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Away from show business, Coppola is also a vintner, magazine publisher and hotelier. He is a graduate of Hofstra University where he studied theatre. He earned an M.F.A. in film directing from the UCLA Film School. He is primarily known for directing the Godfather Trilogy, Apocalypse Now, Dracula, and The Conversation and for writing Patton.
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Gaahl
Kristian Eivind Espedal (born August 7, 1975), better known by his stage name Gaahl, is a Norwegian vocalist, best known as the former frontman of Norwegian black metal band Gorgoroth. He is also the founder and frontman of Trelldom and Gaahlskagg. As of 2008, he has been involved in other projects such as Wardruna.
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George Eliot
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George Grivas
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George Harrison
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George Sand
Amantine (also "Amandine") Aurore Lucile Dupin, later Baroness (French: baronne) Dudevant (1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pseudonym George Sand (), was a French writer. She is regarded as the first French woman writer to gain a major reputation.
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Golda Meir
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Grant Nicholas
Grant Nicholas (born 12 November 1967, Newport, Monmouthshire) is the lead singer of the rock band Feeder, along with bassist Taka Hirose and drummer Karl Brazil.
http://wn.com/Grant_Nicholas -
Harold Robbins
Harold Robbins (May 21, 1916 – October 14, 1997) was one of the best-selling American authors of all time. During his career, he wrote over 25 best-sellers, selling over 750 million copies in 32 languages.
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Hirohito
http://wn.com/Hirohito -
Hua Guofeng
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Irish people
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Italian people
The Italian people () are a people that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of Jus Sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian peninsula.
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Ivan Aguéli
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J. K. Rowling
Joanne "Jo" Rowling, OBE (born 31 July 1965; married name Murray), better known under the pen name J. K. Rowling (, ), is a British author best known as the creator of the Harry Potter fantasy series, the idea for which was conceived whilst on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, sold more than 400 million copies and been the basis for a popular series of films, in which Rowling had creative control serving as a producer in two of the seven instalments.
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Jackie Stewart
:For other people of this name see Jackie Stewart (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Jackie_Stewart -
Jacoby Shaddix
Jacoby Dakota Shaddix (born July 28, 1976) is the lead singer of Californian rock band Papa Roach, and along with bassist Tobin Esperance, is the main songwriter for the band.
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James Madison
http://wn.com/James_Madison -
Jane Austen
http://wn.com/Jane_Austen -
Jews
:For the Jewish way of life, including religion, law, culture, and philosophy, see Judaism. "Jew" redirects here; for other uses, see Jew (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Jews -
John Paul I
http://wn.com/John_Paul_I -
Kevin Seconds
Kevin Seconds is a singer/songwriter/musician, born in Sacramento. As a teen, he moved with his family to Reno, Nevada where he lived until 1988 when he relocated back to Sacramento and has been based ever since.
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Le Corbusier
http://wn.com/Le_Corbusier -
Lemony Snicket
Lemony Snicket is the legal pen name of American novelist Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970). Snicket is the author of several children's books, serving as the narrator of A Series of Unfortunate Events (his best known work) and appearing as a character within the series. Because of this, Lemony Snicket is both a fictional character and a real person. This article deals primarily with the character.
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Leon Trotsky
http://wn.com/Leon_Trotsky -
Lewis Carroll
http://wn.com/Lewis_Carroll -
List of pseudonyms
Here is a list of pseudonyms, in various categories. Pseudonyms are similar to, but distinct from, secret identities.
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Lon Chaney, Jr.
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Lon Chaney, Sr.
Lon Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930), nicknamed "The Man of a Thousand Faces," was an American actor during the age of silent films. He was one of the most versatile and powerful actors of early cinema. He is best remembered for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters, and his groundbreaking artistry with film makeup.
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Louis Krages
http://wn.com/Louis_Krages -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (; May 19, 1925 February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (), was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. His detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. He has been described as one of the greatest, and most influential, African Americans in history. In 1998, Time named The Autobiography of Malcolm X one of the ten most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century.
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Marilyn Monroe
http://wn.com/Marilyn_Monroe -
Mark Twain
http://wn.com/Mark_Twain -
Michael J. Fox
http://wn.com/Michael_J_Fox -
Mick Mars
http://wn.com/Mick_Mars -
Moshe Dayan
http://wn.com/Moshe_Dayan -
Muhammad Ali
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Muhammad_Ali -
Nahuel Moreno
Nahuel Moreno (April 24, 1924 - January 25, 1987) (real name Hugo Miguel Bressano Capacete) was a Trotskyist leader from Argentina. Moreno was active in the Trotskyist movement from before World War II until his death.
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Nicolas Cage
Nicolas Cage (born Nicolas Kim Coppola; January 7, 1964) is an American actor, producer and director, having appeared in over 60 films including Face/Off (1997), Gone In 60 Seconds (2000), National Treasure (2004), Ghost Rider (2007), (2009), and Kick-Ass (2010). Cage, at age 32, became the fifth youngest actor ever to win the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Leaving Las Vegas.
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Patricia Neal
Patricia Neal (January 20, 1926August 8, 2010) was an American actress of stage and screen. She was best known for her roles as World War II widow Helen Benson in The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), wealthy matron Emily Eustace Failenson in ''Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), and middle-aged housekeeper Alma Brown in Hud'' (1963), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress.
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Perri O'Shaughnessy
'''Perri O'Shaughnessy''' is the pen name for two sisters, Mary and Pamela O'Shaughnessy, who live in Northern California. Pamela, a Harvard Law School graduate, was a trial lawyer for sixteen years. Mary is a former editor and writer for multimedia projects. Their novels have been translated into many languages including Dutch, German, Bulgarian, French, Spanish, Japanese and Turkish. Several have been New York Times bestsellers.
http://wn.com/Perri_O'Shaughnessy -
Pope John XXIII
Blessed Pope John XXIII (; ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City on 28 October 1958.
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Prince (musician)
Prince (born Prince Rogers Nelson, June 7, 1958) is a singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. He has been known under the unpronounceable symbol , which he used between 1993 and 2000. During that period he was frequently referred to in the media as "The Artist Formerly Known as Prince", often abbreviated to "TAFKAP", or simply "The Artist"
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Ray Cappo
Ray Cappo (a.k.a. Ray Today) is the former vocalist for the hardcore bands Youth of Today, Reflex From Pain, Shelter, Better Than A Thousand, and the project recording "Pour Water On It". This icon of New York hardcore was originally from Connecticut, and played drums for the Connecticut band Violent Children. Before moving to New York City in the mid-1980s, Cappo and his band Youth of Today had already made a dent on the scene.
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Raymond Buckland
Raymond Buckland (born 31 August 1934), whose craft name is Robat, is an English American writer on the subject of Wicca and the occult, and a significant figure in the history of Wicca, of which he is a High Priest in both the Gardnerian and Seax traditions.
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Ringo Starr
Richard Starkey, MBE (born 7 July 1940), better known by his stage name Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for The Beatles. When the band formed in 1960, Starr belonged to another Liverpool band, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. He became the Beatles' drummer in 1962, taking over from Pete Best. In addition to his contribution as drummer, Starr featured as lead singer on a number of successful Beatles songs (in particular, "With a Little Help from My Friends", "Yellow Submarine", and the Beatles version of "Act Naturally") and as songwriter with the songs "Don't Pass Me By", "What Goes On" and "Octopus's Garden".
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Rodney Marks
Rodney Marks (born 1956), is an Australian comedian. Marks satirises bureaucracy by impersonating experts of either sex and varied ethnicity and occupation. He has professionally performed for hundreds of corporations, government departments, universities and other organisations in Australasia and the USA. In his hoaxes, Marks allows tension to rise as he usurps power by making authoritative, vexatious statements. Then he reveals his identity, to the relief of the audience. Marks combines formidable knowledge of management jargon with a relaxed improvisational style and a warm, persuasive personality. He studied theatre at the University of New England in 1977-79 and worked as an actor, director, academic, management consultant and arts administrator before he became a full-time comedian in 1991. Meanwhile he had gained master's degrees in business administration and public administration, the latter from Harvard University. Marks returned to Harvard as artist-in-residence in 1995 and hoaxed academics, students and experienced managers.
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Romain Gary
http://wn.com/Romain_Gary -
Röyksopp
http://wn.com/Röyksopp -
S. E. Hinton
Susan Eloise Hinton (born July 22, 1948) is an American author best known for her young adult novel The Outsiders.
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Sean Combs
Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969), currently known by his stage name Diddy, is an American record producer, rapper, actor, and men's fashion designer. He has won three Grammy Awards and two MTV Video Music Awards, and his clothing line earned a Council of Fashion Designers of America award.
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Sheena Easton
Sheena Easton (born Sheena Shirley Orr; 27 April 1959) is a Scottish recording artist who achieved worldwide fame in the 1980s. Easton became famous for being the focus of an episode in the British television program The Big Time, which recorded her attempts to gain a record contract and her eventual signing with EMI Records.
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Slash (musician)
Saul Hudson (born July 23, 1965), better known by his stage name Slash, is a British-American musician. He is the former lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he performed and recorded between 1985 and 1996. He later formed Slash's Snakepit and co-founded Velvet Revolver with his former bandmates Duff McKagan and Matt Sorum, and his debut solo album, Slash, was released in April 2010.
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Soapy Smith
Jefferson Randolph "Soapy" Smith II (November 2, 1860 – July 8, 1898) was an American con artist and gangster who had a major hand in the organized criminal operations of Denver, Colorado; Creede, Colorado; and Skagway, Alaska, from 1879 to 1898. He was killed in the famed Shootout on Juneau Wharf. He is perhaps the most famous confidence man of the old west.
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Stephen King
Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of contemporary horror, suspense, science fiction and fantasy fiction. His books have sold more than 500 million copies and have been made into many movies. He is known for novels such as Carrie, The Shining, The Stand, It, Misery, and the seven-novel series The Dark Tower, which King wrote over a period of 27 years. As of 2010, King has written and published 49 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, five non-fiction books, and nine collections of short stories including Night Shift, Skeleton Crew, and ''Everything's Eventual''. Many of his stories are set in his homestate of Maine. He has collaborated with authors Peter Straub and Stewart O'Nan. Some of his novels have been also been turned into comic books, such are The Stand, The Talisman, and The Dark Tower series.
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Stewart Granger
Stewart Granger (6 May 1913 – 16 August 1993), born James Lablache Stewart, was an English film actor, mainly associated with heroic and romantic leading roles. He was a popular leading man from the 1940s to the 1960s.
http://wn.com/Stewart_Granger -
Subcomandante Marcos
Subcomandante Marcos (Date of birth unknown), is the spokesperson for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), a Mexican rebel movement. In January 1994, he led an army of Mayan farmers into the eastern parts of the Mexican state of Chiapas in protest of the Mexican government's treatment of indigenous peoples.
http://wn.com/Subcomandante_Marcos -
The Ramones
http://wn.com/The_Ramones -
Tracii Guns
Tracii Guns (born Tracy Ulrich on January 20, 1966) is an American guitarist best known as the founder of glam metal group L.A. Guns as well as the supergroups Brides of Destruction and Contraband. He was also involved in the formation of the first lineup of Guns N' Roses but eventually left the group and was replaced by guitarist Slash.
http://wn.com/Tracii_Guns -
Vladimir Lenin
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Lenin -
Walter Plinge
:''This article is about the pseudonym; for the Discworld character see Minor Discworld characters#Walter Plinge
http://wn.com/Walter_Plinge -
Willy Brandt
Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (; 18 December 1913 - 8 October 1992), was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969–1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964–1987.
http://wn.com/Willy_Brandt -
Yusuf Islam
#REDIRECT Cat Stevens
http://wn.com/Yusuf_Islam -
Émile Ajar
http://wn.com/Émile_Ajar
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Blarsa - Pseudonym 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
UPDATED MP3: blarsa.com Promo song for the Pseudonym 2010 russebus. Don't know what Russe is? en.wikipedia.org Russe songs are usually pretty cheesy, containing shouts such as "put your hands up!" or "jump!" and so forth. This one just contains some cheesy lyrics. The festival is in May, these songs are used to promote the buses that will be involved; they're put on youtube and played in clubs around Norway. The "whistle" reference is because the graduates get whistles at the festival, just an FYI, oh and apparently it's pretty cold out in May. Pseudonym 2010 facebook: www.facebook.com If you want an mp3 of this track you can grab it at blarsa.com
http://wn.com/Blarsa_Pseudonym_2010
DON'T FLOP - Rap Battle - Pseudonym Vs Deffinition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:15
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
*PLEASE COMMENT & RATE - DON'T FLOP - Pseudonym Vs Definition DON'T FLOP NORTH 3 - Grind Time, King Of The Dot, Jumpoff.
http://wn.com/DON'T_FLOP_Rap_Battle_Pseudonym_Vs_Deffinition
Anti-Islam Filmmaker Who Provoked Attacks Used Pseudonym
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
The identity of the filmmaker whose anti-Islam movie was initially blamed for attacks on the US embassy that killed four members of the diplomatic mission in Libya on Sept. 11 remains a mystery
http://wn.com/Anti-Islam_Filmmaker_Who_Provoked_Attacks_Used_Pseudonym
Google Plus welcomes pseudonyms! Do you trust them?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
happycabbie posted a video about Google's hypocrisy www.youtube.com it is a long video but it is some of my best work. The announcement from Bradley Horowitz plus.google.com The news report from Mashable about this mashable.com Did Google CEO and co-founder Larry Page fudge the numbers on how many people use Google Plus? www.pcmag.com An example of a verified name ShayCarl plus.google.com This actually started out as a Beta test a few months ago and was by invite only. They were picking people who had a lot of people in their circles. Now the chance to have a pseudonym is available to everyone, pending Google's approval. Sorry Google, but I was suspended from Google Plus once before for violating your name policy, I am not willing to come back hoping you guys approve of me. Anonymity is something we treasure on the internet, it is not something we should have to beg for.
http://wn.com/Google_Plus_welcomes_pseudonyms!_Do_you_trust_them?
The Pseudonym - Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
The trailer for my Paul Greengrass homage film. The full short is up now, check my page!
http://wn.com/The_Pseudonym_Trailer
Stanica Projekt - Pseudonym
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Stanica Projekt - Album (2009)
http://wn.com/Stanica_Projekt_Pseudonym
DON'T FLOP - Rap Battle - Pseudonym Vs Flex Digits
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:02
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
*PLEASE COMMENT & RATE - DON'T FLOP LONDON Pseudonym Vs Flex Digits - Grind Time, King Of The Dot, Jumpoff
http://wn.com/DON'T_FLOP_Rap_Battle_Pseudonym_Vs_Flex_Digits
Pseudonym - The Battle (Original Mix) [Flashover Progressive House] PREVIEW
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_The_Battle_Original_Mix_Flashover_Progressive_House_PREVIEW
Pseudonym vs Maloriak (10-man)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
We arePseudonym, a 10-man guild on Executus-US. We are a Horde guild dedicated to a fun progression raid environment... Here is our normal Maloriak kill in the Cataclysm raid Blackwing Descent. For our guide to this encounter check out my comment on WoWhead. Please uprate! www.wowhead.com Hope you enjoy. Please don't forget to Rate and Subscribe to this video also!!! If you might be interested in joining, we run multiple 10man groups and take all applicants into consideration. Just hit me up in game. Songs: Allein Allein [Techno Remix] - Polarkreis 18
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_vs_Maloriak_10-man
Pseudonym vs Omnitron Defense System (10-man)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Updated: 05 Sep 2012
We arePseudonym, a 10-man guild on Executus-US. We are a Horde guild dedicated to a fun progression raid environment... Here is our Omnitron Defense System kill in the Cataclysm raid Blackwing Descent. It's the second boss in the raid and it's a fairly tough encounter. For our guide to this encounter check out my comment on WoWhead. Please uprate! www.wowhead.com Hope you enjoy. Please don't forget to Rate and Subscribe!!! If you might be interested in joining, we run multiple 10man groups and take all applicants into consideration. Just hit me up in game. Songs: Suburban Train - DJ Tiësto
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_vs_Omnitron_Defense_System_10-man
Pseudonym vs Beth'tilac (10-man)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
We arePseudonym, a 10-man guild on Executus-US. We are a Horde guild dedicated to a fun progression raid environment... Here is our 1st Beth'tilac kill in the Cataclysm raid Firelands. June 28th, 2011. For our guide to this encounter check out my comment (GraveDiggerX) on WoWhead. Please uprate! www.wowhead.com Hope you enjoy. Please don't forget to Rate and Subscribe to this video also!!! If you might be interested in joining, we run multiple 10man groups and take all applicants into consideration. Just hit me up in game. Songs: Renegade VIP - The Chemists Do Da Oliphant - Skrillex Never Forget - Martin O'Donnell
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_vs_Beth'tilac_10-man
DON'T FLOP - Rap Battle - Monster Under The Bed Vs Pseudonym
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:12
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
*PLEASE COMMENT & RATE* - DON'T FLOP - Monster Under The Bed Vs Pseudonym - Grind Time, King Of The Dot, Jumpoff.
http://wn.com/DON'T_FLOP_Rap_Battle_Monster_Under_The_Bed_Vs_Pseudonym
DON'T FLOP - Rap Battle - Chronicle Vs Pseudonym (Promo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:23
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
*PLEASE COMMENT & RATE* - DON'T FLOP - Chronicle Vs Pseudonym - Grind Time, King Of The Dot, URL, Jumpoff.
http://wn.com/DON'T_FLOP_Rap_Battle_Chronicle_Vs_Pseudonym_Promo
Pseudonyms - Gregor Samsa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Pseudonyms by Gregor Samsa From the album Rest. ( 2008 ) www.last.fm _______________________________ Lyrics: Murderous art has its grips on me - can't wrap myself around internally. I can't seem to put my name on anything. Our innocence yields to American dreams. Our innocence yields to pathetic conceit. Our innocence yields when our pocket's empty. The softest hearts break when the deed is done. I'll patiently wait for new days to come, then I'll wake and rise to write another song. Our innocence yields when we do it alone. The exodus begins now. I'll travel 'round and find you once more. You're reaching out less than before, but I know you're there.
http://wn.com/Pseudonyms_Gregor_Samsa
Grant Shapps on "Michael Green" pseudonym
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
This is an excerpt from an interview with Tory party member Grant Shapps (en.wikipedia.org also known as Michael Green (www.independent.co.uk www.guardian.co.uk conducted by Victoria Derbyshire (www.bbc.co.uk and broadcast on BBC Radio Five Live (bbc.co.uk on 08/10/2012. The question of which is, is he telling the truth, or is it spin? Channel 4 also confronted him about this too... www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Grant_Shapps_on_Michael_Green_pseudonym
Desert Storm - Dj Pseudonym - Bullet Proof - Hardtek Mix - Freetekno
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 73:20
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Desert Storm - Dj Pseudonym - Bullet Proof - Hardtek Mix -Freetekno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freetekno Free-tekno Hardtek Hard-tek Free Tekno Party Freeparty Free-party Music Industrial Tribal Techno Hard Tek Tribecore Czechtek Dutchtek Easttek Teknival Underground Rotterdam Amsterdam Prague Berlin Paris Madrid Milan Belgium France Spain Czech Germany Netherlands Spanish French Italian Dutch German
http://wn.com/Desert_Storm_Dj_Pseudonym_Bullet_Proof_Hardtek_Mix_Freetekno
Pseudonym vs Atramedes (10-man)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:05
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
We arePseudonym, a 10-man guild on Executus-US. We are a Horde guild dedicated to a fun progression raid environment... Here is our normal Atramedes kill in the Cataclysm raid Blackwing Descent. For our guide to this encounter check out my comment on WoWhead. Please uprate! www.wowhead.com Hope you enjoy. Please don't forget to Rate and Subscribe!!! If you might be interested in joining, we run multiple 10man groups and take all applicants into consideration. Just hit me up in game. Songs: Blinded By The Light [Sawyer Remix] - Manfred Mann's Earth Band
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_vs_Atramedes_10-man
Pseudonym vs Lord Rhyolith (10-man)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
We arePseudonym, a 10-man guild on Executus-US. We are a Horde guild dedicated to a fun progression raid environment... Here is our 1st Rhyolith kill in the Cataclysm raid Firelands. June 30th, 2011. For our guide to this encounter check out my comment (GraveDiggerX) on WoWhead. Please uprate! www.wowhead.com Hope you enjoy. Please don't forget to Rate and Subscribe to this video also!!! If you might be interested in joining, we run multiple 10man groups and take all applicants into consideration. Just hit me up in game. Songs: Ghosts 'N Stuff (Nero Remix) [Deadmau5] - UKF Dubstep Never Forget - Martin O'Donnell
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_vs_Lord_Rhyolith_10-man
Pseudonym vs Baleroc (10-man)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:49
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
We arePseudonym, a 10-man guild on Executus-US. We are a Horde guild dedicated to a fun progression raid environment... Here is our 1st Baleroc kill in the Cataclysm raid Firelands. June June 30th, 2011. For our guide to this encounter check out my comment (GraveDiggerX) on WoWhead. Please uprate! COMING SOON Hope you enjoy. Please don't forget to Rate and Subscribe to this video also!!! If you might be interested in joining, we run multiple 10man groups and take all applicants into consideration. Just hit me up in game. Songs: Bionic Commando [Rusko Remix)] - UKF Dubstep Never Forget - Martin O'Donnell
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_vs_Baleroc_10-man
Joy and the Hit Kids - Mr Pseudonym (1968) live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
German TV broadcast 1968 They came from Mannheim; this was their 3rd single released by Decca in 1968 (b/w "Daytime Nighttime") before they changed their name in Joy Unlimited
http://wn.com/Joy_and_the_Hit_Kids_Mr_Pseudonym_1968_live
Pseudonym - Undersides
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Chilled 2011 Drum & Bass. Out now on Quondam Records. www.junodownload.com
http://wn.com/Pseudonym_Undersides
Livid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
Live music video shoot for the band Livid at Annies.
http://wn.com/Livid
"Lost Angels" pSeudonym
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
pSeudonym "Lost Angels" from "The BoomBap Theory" myspace.com/pseudonymla - produced, directed, and edited by Christopher Vigil 2010
http://wn.com/Lost_Angels_pSeudonym
Photo: AP / Syrian Observatory for Human Rights via AP video
02 Nov 2012
GENEVA (Reuters) - A video that appears to show Syrian rebels killing soldiers who had surrendered probably constitutes a war crime that should be prosecuted, the United Nations human rights office...
Photo: AP / Salisu Rabiu
01 Nov 2012
Nigerian security forces have carried out widespread abuses in their campaign against the Islamist militant group Boko Haram, . The rights group says in a report that abuses include extrajudicial...
Photo: USAF / Master Sgt. Mark C. Olsen
02 Nov 2012
NEW YORK (Reuters) - From New York City's Staten Island to the popular beach towns of the Jersey Shore, rescuers and officials on Friday faced growing evidence of widespread destruction wrought by...
Photo: AP / Sergey Ponomarev
03 Nov 2012
Russia's prime minister has said that members of the Pussy Riot punk band serving two-year prison sentences should be set free. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said Friday that he detested the Pussy...
Photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
01 Nov 2012
Washington: Showing to the world the rare images of two bitter political rivals joining hands in times of national crisis, US President Barack Obama toured the storm-ravaged areas of New Jersey, along...
The story that started it all: Oct 4
04 Nov 2012
WorldNetDaily
Editor’s note: Fulfilling a request of Barack Obama’s administration reported exclusively by WND on Oct. 4 in the story below, Iran has announced its promise as outlined in the secret negotiations with the U.S. to suspend uranium enrichment to the 20 percent level for its nuclear...(size: 8.0Kb)
WorldNetDaily
Editor’s note: Fulfilling a request of Barack Obama’s administration reported exclusively by WND, Iran today (Nov. 3, 2012) announced its promise as outlined in the secret negotiations with the U.S. to suspend uranium enrichment to the 20 percent level for its nuclear program....(size: 8.0Kb)
It's official! Iran fulfills Obama surprise
04 Nov 2012
WorldNetDaily
Asefri said that the halt is a sign of goodwill by Iran but it requires a positive response from the West. “In order to build trust, the Islamic regime has set aside the 20 percent enrichment process. It is expected that the 5+1 will remove the sanctions. If such action does not take place,...(size: 5.1Kb)
Sabyasachi charts poster escape route
04 Nov 2012
The Times of India
BHUBANESWAR: Top expelled Maoist leader Sabyasachi Panda is trying hard to spread his network. The Red leader, who is now fighting a two-pronged war with security forces and other Maoist groups, is banking on a poster campaign to gain the confidence of local people. Senior police officials said...(size: 2.9Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
Kim and Kourtney Kardashian are London-bound next week to promote their new fashion range, The Kardashian Kollection, at high street store Dorothy Perkins. And although the...(size: 1.1Kb)
Invisible Ink: No 148 - James Redding Ware
04 Nov 2012
The Independent
James Redding Ware published under a pseudonym, but nobody knew who he was, or cared. There was no particular subterfuge in this; at the time – 1863 – many partwork "sensation" stories appeared without their origins attached, such was the lowly status of those who wrote for money. However, when one...(size: 2.5Kb)
The Blagger's Guide To: Cecil Day-Lewis
04 Nov 2012
The Independent
The papers of the former poet laureate Cecil Day-Lewis have been donated to the Bodleian Library in Oxford. The stash of some 54 boxes, containing essays, drafts of poems and letters from many eminent 20th-century figures, were presented to the university on Tuesday by his children, the actor Daniel...(size: 3.1Kb)
The Observer
The Wanderers, winners of the first FA Cup final, staged at The Oval in 1872. Photograph: Popperfoto//Getty Images Welcome back then the FA Cup, which came clanking out of its cupboard once again on Saturday afternoon, boots dubbined, socks tied, moustache discreetly waxed. A total of 40 first-round...(size: 9.7Kb)
Truth behind enemy lines
03 Nov 2012
Canberra Times
NO EASY DAY. By Mark Owen. Penguin. 320pp. $29.99. Reviewer: JIM MOLAN Despite many well-intentioned people wishing otherwise, the main reason that a military exists is to frighten your enemies. This is normally achieved by being able to demonstrate an ability to kill people and destroy things - in...(size: 6.0Kb)
Huffington Post
Kansas Republicans are explaining that their controversial mailer questioning a Democratic state Senate candidate's name change -- a change he made after he was adopted as a child -- was sent out only after state Democrats mailed an inaccurate piece about a GOP candidate....(size: 10.1Kb)
TV review: 'SEAL Team Six' fails in its mission
03 Nov 2012
Stars and Stripes
Some fuss was recently made over the role President Obama plays in "SEAL Team Six: The Raid on Osama bin Laden," a docu-drama premiering on National Geographic Channel on Sunday. There were accusations that the timing — days before the election — and the late-hour insertion of...(size: 5.2Kb)
Bindweed to boastful fellow gardeners: Anna continues her handy A-Z of problems and pests
03 Nov 2012
The Independent
B is for… Back Our backs were designed to cope with much heavier work than we usually find in our gardens. But we have become a sedentary lot, so the back gets a shock when it is suddenly involved in the destiny of a 75-litre bag of compost, or a day's digging on a draughty allotment. Pictures of...(size: 5.2Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
If emails from Amazon's customer service team are a fair indicator, it appears the online retailer considers authors to be direct competitors of other authors. And email chains are all we have to go on, as Amazon did not respond to our request for comment. On Wednesday, , an author of crime fiction,...(size: 33.8Kb)
A pseudonym is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from his or her original or true name (orthonym).[1] Popular pseudonyms include stage names, noms de plume (pen names), aliases, gamer identifications, anagrams, Graecisms, Latinisations, mystifications, nicknames, and assumed names (and orders) of popes and monarchs.[2]
Pseudonyms are often used to hide an individual's real identity, as with writers' pen names, graffiti artists' tags, resistance fighters' or terrorists' noms de guerre, and computer hackers' handles. Actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use stage names, for example, to mask their ethnic backgrounds. Employers sometimes require employees to use assigned names to help sell products; for example, a company that does business mostly in one country but locates a call center in another country may require its employees to assume names common in the former country in an effort to draw a more positive or less negative reaction from current and/or prospective customers.
In some cases, pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organizational tradition. This has been the case of devotional names used by members of some religious institutes, and "cadre names" used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin.
A pseudonym may also be employed for purely philosophical reasons when an individual feels the context and content of the exchange offers no reason, legal or otherwise, to provide their legal or given name.
A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons. This is sometimes used by the co-authors of a work, such as Ellery Queen, or Bourbaki.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The term is derived from the Greek ψευδώνυμον (pseudṓnymon), literally "false name", from ψεῦδος (pseûdos), "lie, falsehood"[3] and ὄνομα (ónoma), "name".[4] A pseudonym is distinct from an allonym, which is the name of another actual person, which is assumed by someone in authorship of a work of art. This may occur when someone is ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a "front" name, such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the 1950s and 1960s. See also pseudepigraph, for falsely attributed authorship.
Concealment of identity[link]
Literary pen names[link]
A pen name (or nom de plume) is a pseudonym adopted by authors or their publishers, often to conceal their identity. One famous example of this is Samuel Clemens' writing under the pen name Mark Twain. A pen name may be used if a writer's real name is likely to be confused with the name of another writer or notable individual, or if their real name is deemed to be unsuitable. Authors who write in fiction and non-fiction, or in different genres, may use pen names to avoid confusing their readers, as in the case of mathematician Charles Dodgson, who wrote fantasy novels under the pen name Lewis Carroll. Some authors, such as Harold Robbins, use several noms de plume.[5]
The Brontë family used pseudonyms for their early work, so residents in local communities did not know their works related to the neighborhood people. The Brontës used their neighbours as inspiration for characters in many of their books. Anne Brontë published The Tenant of Wildfell Hall under the pseudonym Acton Bell. Charlotte Brontë published Shirley and Jane Eyre under the pseudonym Currer Bell. Emily Brontë published Wuthering Heights under Ellis Bell.
Some female authors used male pen names, in particular in the 19th century, when writing was a male-dominated profession. The reverse example is that of male romance novelists using female pen names. A well-known example of the former is Mary Ann Evans, who wrote as George Eliot. One of Evans' most acclaimed novels is Adam Bede, which was published in 1859. Another example is Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, a 19th-century French writer who used the pen name George Sand. Jane Austen used the pseudonym "A Lady" as the author of her first novel Sense and Sensibility. Elisabeth Evermarie Sarai went by Elisheva (Hebrew for Elizabeth) Evermaire for her novel Sarai.
The authors C. L. Moore and S. E. Hinton were female authors who used abbreviated forms of their full names in order to disguise their gender and attract various types of readers, without creating expectations about the content of their work due to some readers' gender-related stereotypes. However, these names are not pseudonyms, as they are simply the initialized versions of the authors' actual names. C. L. Moore was Catherine Lucille Moore, who wrote in the 1930s male-dominated science fiction genre, and S. E. Hinton, (author of The Outsiders) is Susan Eloise Hinton. Star Trek writer D. C. Fontana (Dorothy Catherine) wrote using her abbreviated own name and also with the pseudonyms Michael Richards and J. Michael Bingham. A more recent example would be J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series.
A pseudonym may also be used to hide the identity of the author, as in the case of exposé books about espionage or crime, or explicit erotic fiction. Some prolific authors adopt a pseudonym to disguise the extent of their published output, e.g., Stephen King writing as Richard Bachman. Co-authors may choose to publish under a collective pseudonym, e.g., P. J. Tracy and Perri O'Shaughnessy. Frederic Dannay and Manfred Lee used the name Ellery Queen as both a pen name for their collaborative works and as the name of their main character.
A famous case in French literature was Romain Gary. Already a well-known and highly acclaimed writer, he started publishing books under the pen name Émile Ajar. He wanted to test whether his new books would be well received on their own merits and without the aid of his established reputation, and they were.
A collective pseudonym may represent an entire publishing house, or any contributor to a long-running series, especially with juvenile literature. Examples include Watty Piper, Victor Appleton, Erin Hunter, and Kamiru M. Xhan.
Another use of a pseudonym in literature is to present a story as being written by the fictional characters in the story. The series of novels known as A Series Of Unfortunate Events are written by Daniel Handler under the pen name of Lemony Snicket, a character in the series.
Aliases, fictitious business names, and dummy corporations in criminal activity[link]
Criminals may use aliases, fictitious business names, and dummy corporations (corporate shells) to hide their identity, or to impersonate other persons or entities in order to commit fraud. Aliases and fictitious business names used for dummy corporations may become so complex, that in the words of the Washington Post newspaper, "getting to the truth requires a walk down a bizarre labyrinth", and multiple government agencies may become involved to uncover the truth.[6]
Noms de guerre[link]
In Ancien Régime France, Noms de guerre (French phrase meaning "names of war" or "war names") were adopted by new recruits (or attributed by the captain of the company) as they enlisted in the French army. These nicknames had an official character and were the predecessor of identification numbers: soldiers were identified by their first names, their family names, and their noms de guerre (e.g. Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e.g. Jean Deslandes dit Champigny, for a soldier coming from a town named Champigny), or to a particular physical or psychological trait (e.g. Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire, for a soldier prêt à boire, ready to drink). In 1716 “noms de guerre” were mandatory for every soldier; officers did not adopt noms de guerre as they considered them derogatory. In daily life, these aliases could replace the real family name.[7]
Noms de guerre were later adopted by members of the French resistance during World War II for security reasons. Such pseudonyms are often adopted by military special forces soldiers, such as members of the SAS and other similar units, resistance fighters, terrorists, and guerrillas. This practice hides their identities and protects their families from reprisal; it may also be a form of dissociation from domestic life. Some well-known men who adopted noms de guerre include Carlos the Jackal, for Ilich Ramírez Sánchez; Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany; and Subcomandante Marcos, the spokesman of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN).[citation needed] During Lehi's underground struggle against the British in Mandatory Palestine, the organization's commander Yitzchak Shamir (later Prime Minister of Israel) adopted the nom de guerre "Michael", in honor of Ireland's Michael Collins. Revolutionaries and resistance leaders, such as Lenin, Trotsky, Golda Meir, Moshe Dayan[citation needed], Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, and Josip Broz, often adopted their noms de guerre as their proper names after the struggle. George Grivas, the Greek-Cypriot EOKA militant, adopted the nom de guerre Digenis (Διγενής). In the French Foreign Legion, recruits can adopt a pseudonym to break with their past lives.
Computer users[link]
Individuals using a computer online may adopt or be required to use a form of pseudonym known as a "handle" (a term deriving from CB slang), "user name", "login name", "avatar", or, sometimes, "screen name" or "nickname". On the Internet, pseudonymous remailers utilise cryptography that achieves persistent pseudonymity, so that two-way communication can be achieved, and reputations can be established, without linking physical identities to their respective pseudonyms.[citation needed] Aliasing is the use of multiple names for the same data location.
More sophisticated cryptographic systems, such as Anonymous Digital credentials, enable users to communicate pseudonymously (i.e., by identifying themselves by means of pseudonyms). In well-defined abuse cases, a designated authority may be able to revoke the pseudonyms and reveal the individuals' real identity.
Business sales[link]
People of ethnic minorities in some areas of the world are sometimes told by an employer to use a pseudonym that is common and/or acceptable in that part of the world when conducting business, as some people might prefer a person of similar ethnic origin or similar background to people of foreign background or foreign ethnicity.[8]
Privacy[link]
People seeking privacy often use pseudonyms to make appointments and reservations.[9] Those writing to advice columns in newspapers and magazines may use pseudonyms.[10]
Establishment of identity[link]
The patrilineal and matrilineal practices of assigning names to offspring for the purpose of tracing ancestry or determining inheritance and other relationships may be giving way to a 21st century preference for self-assigned or quality-assigned names as replacements for birth given names.[citation needed] A common practice of many indigenous peoples was to assign a clan or shamanic name to members in puberty and post-puberty rituals. It is becoming more common for modern authors and others to elect to take names better suited to their own tastes, characters, or other aspects of personal description or preference. "In most legal systems, a name assumed for a non-fraudulent purpose is a legal name and usable as the person's true name...".[citation needed] This is quite distinct from, though not exclusive of, employing a pseudonym for the purpose of concealment.
Stage names[link]
Main article: Stage name
Film, theatre, and related activities[link]
When used by an actor, radio disc jockey, performer, or model, a pseudonym is a stage name, professional name, or screen name. Actors who are members of a marginalized ethnic or religious group have often adopted stage names, typically changing their surname or entire name to mask their original background. For example, Chris Curtis of Deep Purple fame was christened as Christopher Crummey. Screen names are also used to create a more marketable name, as in the case of Creighton Tull Chaney, who adopted the pseudonym Lon Chaney, Jr., a reference to his famous father Lon Chaney, Sr. On the converse, Nicolas Cage adopted this stage name instead of his real name, Nicolas Kim Coppola, in order to conceal the appearance of nepotism as the nephew of famous director Francis Ford Coppola. Filmmakers the Coen brothers share credits for editing under the alias Roderick Jaynes.[11]
Pseudonyms are also used to comply with the rules of performing arts guilds (Screen Actors Guild (SAG), Writers Guild of America, East (WGA), AFTRA, etc.), which do not allow performers to use an existing name, in order to avoid confusion. For example, these rules required film and television actor Michael Fox to add a middle initial and become Michael J. Fox, to avoid being confused with another actor named Michael Fox. This was also true of author and actress Fannie Flagg, who chose this pseudonym; her real name, Patricia Neal, being the name of another well-known actress, and British actor Stewart Granger, whose real name was James Stewart.
Some stage names are used to conceal a person's identity, such as the pseudonym Alan Smithee, which is used by directors in the Directors Guild of America (DGA) to remove their name from a film they feel was edited or modified beyond their artistic satisfaction. Actors and actresses in pornographic films use noms de porn to conceal their identity as well as to make it more outrageous and memorable (e.g., Dick Nasty). In theatre, the pseudonyms George or Georgina Spelvin, David Agnew, and Walter Plinge are used to hide the identity of a performer, usually when he or she is "doubling" (playing more than one role in the same play).
Music[link]
Musicians and singers can use pseudonyms to allow artists to collaborate with artists on other labels while avoiding the need to gain permission from their own labels, such as the artist Jerry Samuels, who made songs under Napoleon XIV. Rock singer-guitarist George Harrison, for example, played guitar on Cream's song "Badge" using a pseudonym. Another Beatle was drummer Ringo Starr, whose real name is Richard Starkey. In classical music, some record companies issued recordings under a nom de disque in the 1950s and 1960s to avoid paying royalties.[citation needed] A number of popular budget LPs of piano music were released under the pseudonym Paul Procopolis. Pseudonyms are also used as stage names in heavy metal bands, such as Tracii Guns in LA Guns, Axl Rose and Slash in Guns N' Roses, Mick Mars in Motley Crue or C.C. Deville in Poison. Some of these names have additional meanings, like that of Brian Hugh Warner, more commonly known as Marilyn Manson: Marilyn coming from Marilyn Monroe and Manson from convicted serial killer Charles Manson. Jacoby Shaddix of Papa Roach went under the name "Coby Dick" during the Infest era. He changed back to his birth name when lovehatetragedy was released.
Elton John (whose given name was Reginald Kenneth Dwight, until it was legally changed in 1972) is notorious for his use of aliases under various writing and production credits throughout his career. Amongst the many are: Ann Orson; Lord Choc Ice; William A. Bong (a pun on "bill-a-bong", an Australian term for "pond"); Reggae Dwight, and Frank N. Stein.
For a time, the musician Prince used an unpronounceable "Love Symbol" as a pseudonym ("Prince" is his real first name and not a stage name). He also wrote the song "Sugar Walls" for Sheena Easton under the alias "Alexander Nevermind" and "Manic Monday" for the Bangles as Christopher Tracy. He also produced albums early in his career as Jamie Starr.
In 2009, British rock band Feeder briefly changed their name to Renegades so they could play a whole show featuring a setlist in which 95 percent of the songs played were from their forthcoming new album of the same name, with none of their singles included. Frontman Grant Nicholas felt that if they played as Feeder, there would be an uproar that they did not play any of the singles, so used the pseudonym as a hint. A series of small shows were played in 2010, at 250- to 1,000-capacity venues with the plan not to say who the band really are and just announce the shows as if they are a new band, Grant later hinted it was really Feeder to the fans on their website, which caused a series of rumours that suggested the band changed their name permanently, although "Some people got it straight away", but as intended got people talking.
In most cases, a hip-hop artist prefers to use a pseudonym that represents some variation of their name, personality, or interests. Prime examples include Ol' Dirty Bastard (who was known under at least six aliases), Diddy (formerly known as P. Diddy and Puff Daddy), Ludacris, Flo Rida (his name is a tribute to his home state, Florida), LL Cool J, and Chingy. Black metal artists also adopt pseudonyms, usually symbolizing dark values, such as Nocturno Culto, Gaahl, Abbath, and Silenoz. In punk and hardcore punk, singers and band members often replace their real names with "tougher"-sounding stage names, such as Sid Vicious (real name John Simon Ritchie) of the late 1970s band Sex Pistols and "Rat" of the early 1980s band The Varukers and the 2000s re-formation of Discharge. Sid Vicious, however, did not truly take his name to seem tough but rather because he was anything but Vicious (several sources have indicated that Sid himself hated this nickname). Punk rock band The Ramones also had every member take the last name of Ramone. Rob Crow of the rock band Goblin Cock chose to go by the name "Lord Phallus" during the release of the band's albums. All the members of Hollywood Undead, an American rock rap band from Los Angeles, California have pseudonyms. A similar practice occurred in hardcore with musicians taking the names of their bands, like Kevin Seconds of 7 Seconds and Ray Cappo of Youth of Today who, for a while, billed himself as Ray of Today. The Norwegian electronic duo Röyksopp's pseudonym for their Back to Mine album was Emmanuel Splice.
Cultural or organizational traditions[link]
Age[link]
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In many cultures, people go by several different nicknames over the course of their lives, to reflect important parts of their lives. In some cases, a rite of passage or puberty marks the transition from a "milk name" to an adult name. Enrollment in school is another occasion where a child's formal or legal name would begin to be used.
Monarchies[link]
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This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
In many monarchies, the sovereign is allowed to choose a regnal name by which he or she will be known. This official name may differ from his or her first name and may not even be one of his or her given names at birth.
A sovereign may choose not to use his or her first name for many reasons. Some, such as George VI of the United Kingdom (born Albert Frederick Arthur George), may wish to make a connection between their reign and that of a previous sovereign (in his case, his father, George V). Others, such as Queen Victoria (born Alexandrina Victoria of Kent), may never have been known by their original first name.
In Japan, the Emperor's personal name is never used as a regnal name: he is referred to by the name of his regnal era, and after his death his name is officially changed to that of the era. It is a severe breach of etiquette in Japan to refer to the current Emperor's personal name either in speech or in writing unless absolutely required by law. This does not apply to those outside Japan, however, which explains why Japanese and non-Japanese use different names for the Emperor. For instance, Emperor Hirohito was known within Japan as Emperor Showa.
Religion[link]
In the tradition of various Roman Catholic religious institutes, members abandon their birthname to assume a new, often unrelated, devotional name, often referring to an admired saint. For women, for example in the Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls, this reflects the mystical marriage as bride of Christ. Newly elected popes assume a papal name. Most popes choose a name commemorating an admired saint (Benedict XVI, for example) or a predecessor or predecessors (John Paul I), or even a family member (John XXIII).
In Eastern Orthodoxy, a monk or a nun is given a saint's name by their bishop or abbot at the time of their tonsure as the new monk's or nun's first act of monastic obedience. In addition, Orthodox monks and nuns never use their last names, except for legal reasons or for disambiguation. This may also have changed to indicate their brotherhood e.g. a monk at Kykkos Monastery in Cyprus may be known as Κυκκότης.
In Buddhism, a Dharma name is given during the traditional refuge ceremony.
In Islam, new converts often accept Islamic names. Examples include Muhammad Ali, formerly Cassius Clay; Ivan Aguéli, who became Abd al-Hadi Aqhili; Cat Stevens, who became Yusuf Islam; and Yousuf Youhana, who became Mohammad Yousef.
In Sikhism, adherents adopt the last name Singh for males or Kaur for females.
It is a long standing tradition in the Western Occult tradition to assume a pseudonym or motto. For instance Alphonse Louis Constant wrote under the name Eliphas Levi, William Wynn Westcott wrote under Frater Sapere Aude, and Aleister Crowley wrote under the name Frater Perdurabo.
Some practitioners of Wicca adopt a "craft name" or "witch name" upon initiation for use within their community. This may be to create a name of their own choosing as opposed to their given name, or to provide anonymity to those who are in the "broom closet." Often a craft name will reflect their personality, interests and/or feelings.[12]
Cadre names[link]
Within Communist parties and Trotskyist organisations, noms de guerre are usually known as "party names" or "cadre names". While the practice originated during the revolutionary years after World War I, to conceal the identity of leaders, by the 1950s and 1960s, the practice was more of a tradition than an identity-concealment strategy. Some famous Communist Party names include Lenin (Vladimir Il'ich Ulyanov); Trotsky (Lev Davidovich Bronshtein); Max (Yakov Sverdlov); Nahuel Moreno (Hugo Miguel Bressano) and Hua Guofeng (Su Zhu).
Political articles[link]
From the late-18th to early-19th centuries, it was established practice for political articles to be signed with pseudonyms. A well-known American was the pen name "Publius", used by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, in writing The Federalist Papers. In his youth, Benjamin Franklin wrote a number of letters to his brother's newspaper posing as a widow under the pen name Silence Dogood. The British political writer "Junius" was never identified.
Other types[link]
Pseudonyms are also adopted for other reasons. Criminals often took on (or were given) pseudonyms, such as famed con man Jefferson R. Smith, who was known as Soapy Smith.
Comedians and others performing hoaxes often adopt aliases for their performance role. A notable instance is provided by the comedian and hoaxer Rodney Marks,[13] who in public performances as a corporate comedian has used over one hundred different aliases indicative of the hoax features.[14]
Mervyn's founder Mervin G. Morris was advised by an architect to spell the name of his store chain with a Y instead of an I because the signs would be more pleasing to the eye.
It is not uncommon for a pseudonym to be adopted by a racing car driver. Reasons for this may include keeping their parents or family unaware of their participation in such activities, so members of royalty (who may be otherwise prohibited from such a dangerous activity as racing) can participate, or as a way to remain in relative anonymity. Three-time F1 champion Jackie Stewart's son Paul used a pseudonym when he joined a British racing school for just this reason. Of the many instances of racing drivers assuming false names, two more are Louis Krages, who raced under the name "John Winter" to keep his mother from finding out about his "habit", and former F1 driver Jean Alesi. Alesi, born in France but of Italian descent, went by his real given name of Giovanni until teasing from classmates led him to adopting a more French first name.
Famous pseudonyms of people who were neither authors nor actors include the architect Le Corbusier (né Charles Édouard Jeanneret), and the statistician Student (né William Sealey Gosset), discoverer of Student's t-distribution in statistics (Gosset's employer prohibited publication by employees to prevent trade secrets being revealed).
When used by a radio operator, a pseudonym is called a "handle", especially in Citizens' Band radio; on the Appalachian Trail it is common to adopt or, more usually, be given by others a "trail name".
Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones. Some Jewish politicians adopted Hebrew family names upon making aliyah to Israel, dropping Westernized surnames that may have been in the family for generations. David Ben-Gurion, for example, was born David Grün in Poland. He adopted his Hebrew name in 1910, when he published his first article in a Zionist journal in Jerusalem. In the 1960s, black civil rights campaigner Malcolm X (né Malcolm Little) took the "X" to represent his unknown African ancestral name that was lost when his ancestors were brought to North America as slaves, and then changed his name again to Malik El-Shabazz when he converted to Islam.
See also[link]
- Heteronym
- Hypocorism
- List of Latinised names
- List of pseudonyms
- List of pseudonyms used in the American constitutional debates
- List of stage names
- Mononymous persons
Notes[link]
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This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (February 2012) |
- ^ Room (2010, 3).
- ^ Peschke (2006, vii).
- ^ ψεῦδος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus project
- ^ ὄνομα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus project
- ^ Rubin, Harold Francis (1916-), Author Pseudonyms: R. Accessed 27 November 2009.
- ^ The Ruse That Roared, The Washington Post, November 5, 1995, Richard Leiby, James Lileks
- ^ http://www.histori.ca/prodev/article.do?id=15333
- ^ Robertson, Nan, The Girls in the Balcony: Women, Men, and The New York Times (N.Y.: Random House, [2nd printing?] 1992 (ISBN 0-394-58452-X)), p. 221. In 1968, one such employer was The New York Times, the affected workers were classified-advertising takers, and the renaming was away from Jewish, Irish, and Italian names to ones "with a WASP flavor".
- ^ Investigators target Michael Jackson's pseudonyms
- ^ Toronto Daily Mail, "Women's Kingdom", "A Delicate Question", April 7 1883, page 5
- ^ http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/01/roderick_jaynes_imaginary_osca.html
- ^ Buckland, Raymond (1986). Buckland's Complete Book of Witchcraft. Llewellen. p. 54. ISBN 0-87542-050-8.
- ^ comedian.com.au
- ^ List of aliases used by Marks
Sources[link]
- Peschke, Michael. 2006. International Encyclopedia of Pseudonyms. Detroit: Gale. ISBN 978-3-598-24960-0.
- Room, Adrian. 2010. Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins. 5th rev. ed. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. ISBN 978-0-7864-4373-4.
External links[link]
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Look up pseudonym in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the literary work by Franz Kafka. For the biological process, see Metamorphosis. For other uses, see Metamorphosis (disambiguation).
"Gregor Samsa" redirects here. For the post-rock band, see Gregor Samsa (band). For their eponymous EP, see Gregor Samsa (EP).
| Metamorphosis | |
|---|---|
 First edition cover |
|
| Author(s) | Franz Kafka |
| Original title | Die Verwandlung |
| Country | Austria–Hungary |
| Language | German |
| Genre(s) | Philosophical novella, absurdist fiction |
| Publisher | Kurt Wolff Verlag, Leipzig |
| Publication date | 1915 |
The Metamorphosis (German: Die Verwandlung, also sometimes termed The Transformation) is a novella by Franz Kafka, first published in 1915. It is often cited as one of the seminal works of fiction of the 20th century and is widely studied in colleges and universities across the western world. The story begins with a traveling salesman, Gregor Samsa, waking to find himself transformed into a monstrous insect-like creature.
Contents |
Plot summary[link]
Part I[link]
One day Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman, wakes up to find himself transformed into a giant insect. Confused, he looks around his room which appears normal. He decides to fall asleep again and forget what happened in the hope that everything will revert to normal. He tries to roll over to his right but discovers that he cannot due to his new body - he is stuck on his hard, convex back. He feels an itch on his stomach and tries to touch the area with his leg. He retracts immediately as the area was highly sensitive.
He reflects on how dreary life as a traveling salesmen is and how he would quit his job if his family were not dependent on his income. He looks at the wall clock and realizes that he has overslept and missed his train for work. Gregor's mother knocks on the door and he answers her. She is concerned for Gregor because he is late for work, which is unorthodox for Gregor. Gregor answers his mother and realizes that his voice has changed, but his answer is short so his mother does not notice the voice change. His sister, Grete, to whom he was very close then whispers through the door and begs him to open the door. All his family members think that he is ill and ask him to open the door. He tries to get out of bed but he is incapable of moving his body. While trying to move, he finds that his office manager has showed up to check up on him. He finally rocks his body to the floor and calls out that he will open the door shortly.
Feeling offended by Gregor's delayed response in opening the door, the manager warns him of the consequences of missing work. He adds that his recent performance has been unsatisfactory. Gregor disagrees and tells him that he will open the door shortly. None of persons on the other side of the door could understand a single word he uttered (Gregor was unaware of the fact that his voice has also transformed) and conclude that he is seriously ill. Finally, Gregor manages to unlock and open the door with his mouth. He apologizes to the office manager for the delay. Horrified by the sight of Gregor's appearance, the manager bolts out of the apartment. Gregor tries to catch up with him but his father drives him back into the bedroom with a cane and a rolled newspaper. Gregor injures himself squeezing back through the doorway, and his father slams the door shut. Gregor, exhausted, falls asleep.
Part II[link]
Gregor wakes and sees that someone has put milk and bread in his room. Initially excited, he quickly discovers that he has no taste for milk, once one of his favorite foods. He settles himself under a couch. The next morning, his sister comes in, sees that he has not touched the milk, and replaces it with rotting food scraps, which Gregor happily eats. This begins a routine in which his sister feeds him and cleans up while he hides under the couch, afraid that his appearance will frighten her. Gregor spends his time listening through the wall to his family members talking. They often discuss the difficult financial situation they find themselves in now that Gregor can’t provide for them. Gregor also learns that his mother wants to visit him, but his sister and father will not let her.
Gregor grows more comfortable with his changed body. He begins climbing the walls and ceiling for amusement. Discovering Gregor’s new pastime, Grete decides to remove some of the furniture to give Gregor more space. She and her mother begin taking furniture away, but Gregor finds their actions deeply distressing. He tries to save a picture on the wall of a woman wearing a fur hat, fur scarf, and a fur muff. Gregor’s mother sees him hanging on the wall and passes out. Grete calls out to Gregor—the first time anyone has spoken directly to him since his transformation. Gregor runs out of the room and into the kitchen. . The father throws apples at Gregor, and one sinks into his back and remains lodged there. Gregor manages to get back into his bedroom but is severely injured.
Part III[link]
One evening, the cleaning lady leaves Gregor’s door open while the boarders lounge about the living room. Grete has been asked to play the violin for them, and Gregor creeps out of his bedroom to listen. The boarders, who initially seemed interested in Grete, grow bored with her performance, but Gregor is transfixed by it. One of the boarders spots Gregor and they become alarmed. Gregor’s father tries to shove the boarders back into their rooms, but the three men protest and announce that they will move out immediately without paying rent because of the disgusting conditions in the apartment.
Grete tells her parents that they must get rid of Gregor or they will all be ruined. Her father agrees, wishing Gregor could understand them and would leave of his own accord. Gregor does in fact understand and slowly moves back to the bedroom. There, determined to rid his family of his presence, Gregor dies.
Upon discovering that Gregor is dead, the family feels a great sense of relief. The father kicks out the boarders and decides to fire the cleaning lady, who has disposed of Gregor’s body. The family takes a trolley ride out to the countryside, during which they consider their finances. Months of spare living as a result of Gregor’s condition have left them with substantial savings. They decide to move to a better apartment. Grete appears to have her strength and beauty back, which leads her parents to think about finding her a husband.
Characters[link]
Gregor Samsa[link]
Gregor is the main character of the story. He works as a traveling salesman in order to provide money for his sister and parents. He wakes up one morning as a large insect-like creature. After the metamorphosis, Gregor is unable to work. This prompts his family to begin working once again.
The name "Gregor Samsa" appears to derive partly from literary works Kafka had read. The hero of The Story of Young Renate Fuchs, by German-Jewish novelist Jakob Wassermann (1873–1934), is a certain Gregor Samsa. The Viennese author Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, whose sexual imagination gave rise to the idea of masochism, is also an influence. Sacher-Masoch (note the letters Sa-Mas) wrote Venus in Furs (1870), a novel whose hero assumes the name Gregor at one point. A "Venus in furs" literally recurs in The Metamorphosis in the picture that Gregor Samsa has hung on his bedroom wall.[1] The name Samsa is similar to Kafka in its play of vowels and consonants: "Five letters in each word. The S in the word Samsa has the same position as the K in the word Kafka. The A "is in the second and fifth positions in both words."[2]
Gregor Samsa appears to be based upon Kafka himself. As when Kafka suffered from insomnia he feared he was repulsive and a burden to his family, during this time his sister was his caretaker.[3]
Grete Samsa[link]
Grete is Gregor's younger sister, who becomes his caretaker after his metamorphosis. Initially Grete and Gregor have a close relationship but this quickly fades. While Grete initially volunteers to feed him and clean his room, she grows more and more impatient with the burden and begins to leave his room in disarray out of spite. She plays the violin and dreams of going to the conservatory, a dream Gregor had intended to make happen. Gregor planned on making the announcement on Christmas Day. To help provide an income for the family after Gregor's transformation, she starts working as a salesgirl.
Mr. Samsa[link]
Mr. Samsa is Gregor's father. After the metamorphosis, he is forced to return to work in order to support the family financially. His attitude towards his son is harsh; he regards the transformed Gregor with disgust and possibly even fear. Mr. Samsa may have been based on Kafka's father, who treated Kafka harshly.
Mrs. Samsa[link]
Mrs. Samsa is Grete and Gregor's mother. She is initially shocked at Gregor's transformation, however she wants to enter his room. This proves too much for her, thus giving rise to a conflict between her maternal impulse and sympathy and her fear and revulsion of Gregor's new form.
Translation[link]
Kafka's sentences often deliver an unexpected impact just before the period—that being the finalizing meaning and focus. This is achieved from the construction of sentences in the original German, which requires that the participle be positioned at the end of the sentence. For example, in the opening sentence, it is the final word, verwandelt, that indicates transformation:
Als Gregor Samsa eines Morgens aus unruhigen Träumen erwachte, fand er sich in seinem Bett zu einem ungeheuren Ungeziefer verwandelt.
As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect-like creature.
These constructions are not directly replicable in English, so it is up to the translator to provide the reader with the effect of the original text.[4]
English translators have often sought to render the word Ungeziefer as "insect", but this is not strictly accurate. In Middle German, Ungeziefer literally means "unclean animal not suitable for sacrifice" [5] and is sometimes used colloquially to mean "bug" – a very general term, unlike the scientific sounding "insect". Kafka had no intention of labeling Gregor as any specific thing, but instead wanted to convey Gregor's disgust at his transformation. The phrasing used by Joachim Neugroschel[6] is "transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect" whereas David Wyllie says "transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin".
However, in Kafka's letter to his publisher of 25 October 1915, in which he discusses his concern about the cover illustration for the first edition, he uses the term Insekt, saying "The insect itself is not to be drawn. It is not even to be seen from a distance."[7]
Ungeziefer has sometimes been translated as "cockroach", "dung beetle", "beetle", and other highly specific terms. The term "dung beetle" or Mistkäfer is in fact used in the novella by the cleaning lady near the end of the story, but it is not used in the narration. Ungeziefer also denotes a sense of separation between himself and his environment: he is unclean and must therefore be secluded.
Vladimir Nabokov, who was a lepidopterist as well as writer and literary critic, insisted that Gregor was not a cockroach, but a beetle with wings under his shell, and capable of flight. Nabokov left a sketch annotated "just over three feet long" on the opening page of his (heavily corrected) English teaching copy. In his accompanying lecture notes, Nabokov discusses the type of insect Gregor has been transformed into, concluding that Gregor "is not, technically, a dung beetle. He is merely a big beetle."[8]
Adaptations to other media[link]
There are many film versions of the story, mostly short films, including a 1975 TV version by Jan Němec, a 1977 animation by Caroline Leaf, a 1987 TV movie by Jim Goddard, a 1993 video by Carlos Atanes, and a longer (80-minute) 2002 version directed by Russian theatrical director Valery Fokin.
A stage adaptation was performed by Steven Berkoff in 1969. Berkoff's text was also used for the libretto to Brian Howard's 1983 opera Metamorphosis.[9] Another stage adaptation was performed in 2006 as a co-production of the Icelandic company Vesturport and the London-based Lyric Hammersmith, adapted and directed by Gisli Örn Gardarsson and David Farr, with a music soundtrack performed by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis, premiering at the Lyric Hammersmith in London. That production has since been performed in 2007 in the National Theatre of Iceland in Reykjavik, Iceland, in a 2008 UK tour in London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Newcastle, Plymouth, and again London, also in 2008 in Seoul, South Korea, and Dublin, Ireland, in 2009 in Hong Kong, China, and in Hobart, Tasmania, Wollongong, and Sydney, all Australia, in 2010 in Bogotá, Colombia, Reykjavik, Iceland, and New York City, USA, and in 2011 in Saint Petersburg and Norilsk, both Russia.[10] Another stage adaptation was performed in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2005 by the Centre for Asian Theatre.[11] As of March 2007[update], that performance was still continuing in Bangladesh.
American cartoonist Robert Crumb drew a comic adaptation of the novella, which is included in the 1993 book Introducing Kafka, an illustrated biography of Kafka also known as Kafka for Beginners, R. Crumb's Kafka, or simply Kafka. American comic artist Peter Kuper illustrated a graphic-novel version, first published by the Crown Publishing Group in 2003.[12]
Allusions/references from other works[link]
Stage[link]
- Philip Glass composed incidental music for two separate theater productions of the story. These two themes, along with two themes from the Errol Morris film The Thin Blue Line, were incorporated into a five-part piece of music for solo piano entitled Metamorphosis.
- In 1952, a then-unknown James Dean took part in a staged reading of the book at The Village Theater in New York. http://www.jamesdean.com/about/timeline.html
Literature[link]
- Marc Estrin's debut surrealist novel Insect Dreams: The Half Life of Gregor Samsa (2002)[13] "resurrects Kafka's half-cockroach Gregor character"[14] vis-à-vis the world between 1915 and 1945.
- Brian Keenan's autobiography An Evil Cradling makes reference to Kafka: "My thoughts were preoccupied by my loss of humanity. Was I a kind of Kafkaesque character transformed out of human form into some animal? Something to be locked away from the world?"
- Lance Olsen's novel Anxious Pleasures: A Novel After Kafka retells Kafka's novella from the points of view of those inside his family and out.
Jake Beasley played an uncanny Gregor Samsa as a Gigantic Insect in last year's production of Metamorphosis.
Film[link]
- Both the 1968 version and the 2005 version of the film The Producers include a scene where the two protagonists are searching for a sure flop. The opening for the play of Metamorphosis is read and rejected for being too good.
- The 2008 film The Reader features Ralph Fiennes reading aloud from Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis.
- In 2002 a Russian version titled Prevrashchenie was directed by Valery Fokin with Yevgeny Mironov as Gregor.[15]
- In 1995, the actor Peter Capaldi won an Oscar for his short-film Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life. The plot of the film has the author (played by Richard E. Grant) trying to write the opening line of Metamorphosis and experimenting with various things that Gregor might turn into, such as a banana or a kangaroo. The film is also notable for a number of Kafkaesque moments.
- In 1993 Carlos Atanes directed The Metamorphosis of Franz Kafka, a controversial adaptation based on The Metamorphosis as well on biographical details from Kafka's family.
- in Noah Baumbach's The Squid and the Whale, Jeff Daniels's and Jesse Eisenberg's characters make several references to The Metamorphosis.
- The novella is referenced in the 1986 film The Fly when Seth Brundle, nearing the end of his own metamorphosis into "Brundlefly", says to Ronnie Quaife, "I'm an insect...who dreamt he was a man...and loved it. But now the dream is over...and the insect is awake."
- In the Mel Brooks film Space Balls, President Scroob orders the crew of Spaceball One to begin Metamorphosis, prompting Dark Helmet to ask "Ready Kafka?"
Comics[link]
- American cartoonist Robert Crumb drew an illustrated adaptation of the novella which appears in the book Introducing Kafka.
- In the comic book Johnny the Homicidal Maniac by Jhonen Vasquez, the eponymous Johnny is plagued by a roach that keeps appearing in his house no matter how many times he kills it (whether or not this roach is immortal or simply many different roaches is up to interpretation) and is affectionately named "Mr. Samsa".
- In The Simpsons book Treehouse of Horror Spook-tacular, Matt Groening did a spoof on the metamorphosis, entitling it "Metamorphosimpsons".
- Peter Kuper (illustrator of Kafka's Give It Up!) also adapted Kafka's Metamorphosis.
- Corbeyran / Horne illustrated Kafka's Metamorphosis in 2009.
Music[link]
- Gregor Samsa is a band from Virginia formed in 2000 and fronted by Champ Bennett.
- The Neue Deutsche Härte band Samsas Traum gets its name from the story.
- Widespread Panic allude to this work in their song "Imitation Leather Shoes" off of the album Don't Tell the Band.
- My little brother is an insect / He likes to crawl around his room / His mother shudders at the sight of him / His pappy is a businessman / Every move he makes is torture / He cannot speak words any more / Our sister likes to flip him on his back / And watch little brother squirm
- The Christian rock band Showbread references The Metamorphosis in their song titled "Samsa Meets Kafka" on their album No Sir, Nihilism Is Not Practical.
- Extreme metal band Imperial Vengeance adapted the story into the penultimate track of their 2011 album Black Heart of Empire, "Of Insect and Allegory".
- Pakistani ambient musician Asfandyar Khan has a song titled "Gregor Samsa is Dead, Long Live Gregor Samsa" off his debut release, Snow Makes Things Perfect.
Television[link]
- On the TV Show Home Movies, the characters create a rock opera based on Metamorphosis.
- In one episode of the television show Arthur (TV series), Brain dreams that he is a giant cockroach because he is scornfully referred to as a "pest" by his friends for being domineering.
- In one episode of the television show My So-Called Life, the characters must read The Metamorphosis and write a paragraph about it as an assignment in English class. Jordan Catalano, Rickie Vasquez, Brian Kraków and Sharon Cherski all discuss the story and the meaning of The Metamorphosis.
Video Games[link]
- In the fighting game, Skullgirls, the character Filia has a parasite posing as her hair named Samson. One of her Hyper Moves is called "Gregor Samson", in which Samson transforms into a giant roach and charges at the opponent.
References[link]
- ^ Kafka (1996, 3).
- ^ Kafka (1996, 3 & 75).
- ^ Ryan McKittrick speaks with director Dominique Serrand and Gideon Lester about Amerika
- ^ Kafka, Franz (1996). The Metamorphosis and Other Stories, ISBN 1-56619-969-7. (p. xi).
- ^ ungeziefer: Dictionary / Wörterbuch (BEOLINGUS, TU Chemnitz)
- ^ ISBN 0-684-19426-0
- ^ Briefe und Tagebücher 1915 (Franz Kafka) — ELibraryAustria
- ^ Nabokov, Vladimir (1980). Lectures on Literature. New York, New York: Harvest. pp. 260. ISBN 0-15-649589-.
- ^ Howard, Brian: Metamorphosis (1983), work details at Boosey & Hawkes
- ^ "Vesturport – Metamorphosis". Vesturport. http://vesturport.com/theater/metamorphosis-hamskiptin/. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ Productions — The Metamorphosis — Centre for Asian Theatre[dead link]
- ^ Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis adapted by Peter Kuper.
- ^ ISBN 1-932961-09-7
- ^ San Francisco Chronicle
- ^ Prevrashchenie at the Internet Movie Database
External links[link]
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Online editions
- (German) Die Verwandlung at DigBib.org (text, pdf, HTML)
- The Metamorphosis, translated 2009 by Ian Johnston of Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, BC
- The Metamorphosis at Project Gutenberg, translated by David Wyllie
- The Metamorphosis via LibriVox (audiobook, Ian Johnston translation)
Commentary
- Lecture on The Metamorphosis by Vladimir Nabokov
- Lesson on the difficulties of translating the story into English
- [1]
http://wn.com/The_Metamorphosis
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/La metamorfosi
http://cs.wn.com/Proměna (povídka)
http://es.wn.com/La metamorfosis
http://ru.wn.com/Превращение (рассказ)
http://nl.wn.com/De Gedaanteverwisseling
http://pt.wn.com/A Metamorfose
http://pl.wn.com/Przemiana
http://fr.wn.com/La Métamorphose
http://de.wn.com/Die Verwandlung
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
