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Campinas
—  Municipality  —
The Municipality of Campinas
Images from top, left to right: Metropolitan Cathedral, an avenue in Campinas's downtown, an old railway station, Mogiana Palace, a monument to the heroes of Constitutionalist Revolution (in Saudade Cemetery), a bus terminus, Central area of Campinas as seen from Torre do Castelo, a belvedere.
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Cidade das Andorinhas, Brazilian Silicon Valley, Princesa d'Oeste
Location of Campinas
Campinas Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 22°54′3″S 47°03′26″W / 22.90083°S 47.05722°W / -22.90083; -47.05722
Country	Brazil
Region	Southeast
State	São Paulo
Founded	July 14, 1774
Government
• Mayor	Demétrio Villagra (PT)
Area
• Municipality	795.667 km2 (307.209 sq mi)
• Metro	3,645 km2 (1,407 sq mi)
Elevation	555-780 m (1,821-2,559 ft)
Population (2006)
• Municipality	1,080,999 (14th)
• Density	1,358.6/km2 (3,519/sq mi)
• Metro	2,633,523
Time zone	Brasilia Official Time (UTC-3)
• Summer (DST)	Brazilian Daylight Saving Time (UTC-2)
Postal Code	13000-000
Area code(s)	+55 19
Website	Campinas, São Paulo

Campinas (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs], Plains) is a Brazilian city of São Paulo State, in the country's Southeast Region. According the 2010 Census, the city population is 1,080,999,^[1] making it the fourteen most populous Brazilian city and the third in the São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater Campinas, as of 2011, contains nineteen cities, including Campinas, and has a total population of 2,832,297 people.^[2]

The Viracopos International Airport, localized in city's periphery, connects Campinas with many others Brazilian cities and with the world. The city is home to the State University of Campinas, one of the most prestigious in Latin America.

Etymology[link]

Campinas means grass fields in Portuguese and refers to its characteristic landscape, which originally comprised large stretches of dense subtropical forests (mato grosso or thick woods in Portuguese), mainly along the many rivers, interspersed with gently rolling hills covered by low-lying vegetation.

Campinas was also known as "Cidade das Andorinhas" (City of Swallows), because it was a favorite spot for these migratory birds, which flocked annually in enormous numbers to downtown Campinas. However, they almost disappeared around the 1950s, probably because the church and plaza where they used to roost were torn down. Campinas' official crest and flag has a picture of the mythical bird, the phoenix, because it was practically reborn after a devastating epidemic of yellow fever in the 1800s, which killed more than 25% of the city's inhabitants.

An inhabitant of Campinas is called a campineiro.

History[link]

Campinas in 1878

Maps of railways in Campinas in 1929

The city was founded on July 14, 1774, by Barreto Leme.^[3] It was initially a simple outpost on the way to Minas Gerais and Goiás serving the "Bandeirantes" who were in search of precious minerals and Indian slaves. In the first half of the 19th century, Campinas became a growing population center, with many coffee, cotton and sugarcane farms.

The construction of a railway linking the city of São Paulo to Santos' seaport, in 1867, was very important for its growth. In the second half of the 19th century, with the abolition of slavery, farming and industrialization attracted many foreign immigrants to replace the lost manpower, mainly from Italy.

Coffee became an important export and the city became wealthy. In consequence, a large service sector was established to serve the growing population, and in the first decades of the 20th century, Campinas could already boast of an opera house, theaters, banks, movie theaters, radio stations, a philharmonic orchestra, two newspapers (Correio Popular and Diário do Povo), a good public education system (with the Escola Normal de Campinas and the Colégio Culto à Ciência), and hospitals, such as the Santa Casa de Misericórdia (a charity for poor people) and the Casa de Saúde de Campinas (for the Italian community, formely known as Circolo Italiani Uniti), and the most important Brazilian research center in agricultural sciences, the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, which was founded by Emperor Pedro II. Finally, the construction of the first Brazilian highway in 1938, between Campinas and São Paulo, the Anhanguera Highway, was a turning point in the integration of Campinas into the rest of the state.

Campinas was the birthplace of opera composer Carlos Gomes (1836 — 1896) and of the President of the Republic Campos Salles (1841 — 1913). It was home for 49 years to Hércules Florence, reputed as one of the early inventors of photography, photocopying and the mimeograph.

Geography[link]

The area of ​​the city, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, is 795.697 km², and 238.3230 km² are the urban and 557.334 km² remaining constitute the countryside. It is located at 22°54′21″S, 47°03′39″W and is at a distance of 96 kilometers northwest of São Paulo. Its neighboring cities are Paulínia, Jaguariúna and Pedreira, north; Morungaba, Itatiba and Valinhos in the east; Itupeva, Indaiatuba and Monte Mor, south, and Hortolândia in the west.

Ecology[link]

Most of the original vegetation that had in the city, the Atlantic, was devastated. Like other 13 municipalities in the metropolitan region of Campinas, the city suffers a severe environmental stress, and Campinas is considered one of the areas subject to flooding and silting and has less than 5% of vegetation cover.

To try to reverse this situation, several projects have been and are being conducted and planned, such as building corridors, such as regulation of the Management Plan of Environmental Preservation Area (APA) in Campinas. There are also several environmental projects to combat the destruction of riparian forests located on the river london, which, as previously mentioned, has a high rate of pollution of its waters. Today Campinas houses the Area of ​​Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE) Santa Geneva, 251 acres (1.02 km²), established in 1985 and regulated by the Brazilian Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), the city of Campinas, Fundação José Pedro de Oliveira. Today is the second largest urban forest of Brazil, behind only the Forest of Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro.

The city also has large forests, such as Jequitibás Wood (installed in 1881), Forest Grove and the Germans of Guarantees.

Climate[link]

View Campinas during a storm.

The climate is tropical but mitigated by elevation (Köppen type Cwa), with lower rainfall in winter and annual average temperature of 22.4 °C, with dry and mild winters (rarely too cold) and rainy summers with warm to hot temperatures. The warmest month in February, has an average temperature of 24.9 °C, with an average maximum of 30.0 °C and minimum 19.9 °C. And the coldest month, July, 18.5 °C and 24.8 °C and 12.3 °C average maximum and minimum, respectively. Fall and spring are transitional seasons.

The average annual rainfall is 1424.5 mm and the driest month in August, when there are only 22.9 mm. In January, the rainiest month, the average is 280.3 mm. In recent years, however, the hot, dry days during the winter have been increasingly frequent, often surpassing 30 °C, especially between July and September. In August 2010, for example, the rainfall in Campinas was only 0 mm. During the dry season and long dry spells in the middle of the rainy season are also common records of fires in the hills and thickets, especially in rural areas of the city, which contributes to deforestation and the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, further damaging the quality air. The lowest temperature recorded in the city was −1.5 °C on June 25, 1918. The highest temperature was 39.0 °C, observed on 17 November 1985. The highest cumulative rainfall recorded in 24 hours in the city between June 1988 and October 2008 was 143.4 mm in 25 days May 2005. Between 1890 and 2004 there were 41 occurrences of frost in Campinas. The most recent was on July 18, 2000, when the minimum temperature reached 2.2 °C. There are also occasional episodes of strong winds, with gusts exceeding 100 km / h, and training records were made in the city day May 4, 2001 and March 9, 2008.

The wet season is from mid-October to mid-April, with heavier rains particularly in December, January, February and early March, and the dry season is from mid-May to mid-September. Average rainfall is 24.3 mm in August and 267.8 mm in January. Average humidity ranges from 37% (August) to 56% (January).

In the region around Campinas near the state of Minas Gerais there are a number of cities which enjoy an even milder mountain climate, such as Serra Negra, Socorro, Lindóia and Águas de Lindóia, where several water spas are located.

Demographics[link]

"Coronel Quirino" Street in the upper-class residential area of the Cambuí district

Luxury condos at Cambuí, a wealthy neighbourhood of Campinas

Mormon Temple in Campinas

According to the 2010 IBGE Census, and as November 2010, Campinas had a population of 1,080,999 and a population density of 1358.6 (inhabitants / km ²). Infant mortality levels were at up to 1 year (per thousand): 14.05 and life expectation in the city was 72.22 years. The fertility rate was at 1.78 children per woman. 96.01 of the populace could read.

• Human Development Index (HDI-M): 0.852 (high)
• HDI-M Income: 0.845 (high)
• HDI-M Longevity: 0.787
• HDI-M Education: 0.925 (very high)

(Source: DATA)

Ethnicity[link]

Source: 2000 census:

Composition[link]

Source: 2010 Census Population (IBGE): 1,080,999

Metropolitan region[link]

Administrative micro-region of Campinas. The outlying municipality names in red are also part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas.

Metropolitan Region of Campinas.

As of 2010, Campinas became an official metropolitan region (RMC — Região Metropolitana de Campinas), with 19 municipalities, with a total of 2.8 million inhabitants and a total land area of 3,348 km² (data of 2010), adjacent to the São Paulo metropolitan region (RMSP). The Campinas Metropolitan area also comprehends a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of R$ 70.7 billion (around U$ 42 billion).

• Americana
• Artur Nogueira
• Cosmópolis
• Engenheiro Coelho
• Holambra
• Hortolândia
• Indaiatuba
• Itatiba
• Jaguariúna
• Monte Mor
• Nova Odessa
• Paulínia
• Pedreira
• Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
• Santo Antônio de Posse
• Sumaré
• Valinhos
• Vinhedo

The Campinas municipality is also the administrative center of the micro- and meso-regions of the same name. The micro-region includes the RMC (Metropolitan Region of Campinas) and the municipality of Elias Fausto; the meso-region also includes the following municipalities: Aguaí, Amparo, Águas da Prata, Águas de Lindóia, Caconde, Casa Branca, Divinolândia, Espírito Santo do Pinhal, Estiva Gerbi, Itapira, Itobi, Lindóia, Mococa, Mogi Guaçu, Moji-Mirim, Monte Alegre do Sul, Pedra Bela, Pinhalzinho, Pirassununga, Porto Ferreira, Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, Santo Antônio do Jardim, São João da Boa Vista, São José do Rio Pardo, São Sebastião da Grama, Serra Negra, Socorro, Tambaú, Tapiratiba, Vargem Grande do Sul and Vinhedo.

Other cities which are geographically, historically or economically tied to the meso-region of Campinas could be mentioned: Araras, Atibaia, Bragança Paulista, Capivari, Conchal, Iracemápolis, Itu, Itupeva, Jarinu, Jundiai, Limeira, Louveira, Mombuca, Morungaba, Piracicaba, Rafard, Rio das Pedras, Salto and Tuiuti.

Economy[link]

José de Souza Campos Avenue (Most commonly known as North-South Avenue).

Campinas is the richest city in the metropolitan region of Campinas and the 10th richest city in Brazil, showing a gross domestic product (GDP) of 27.1 billion reais (2007), which represents 0.96% of all Brazilian GDP. Currently, the city concentrates around one third of industrial production of São Paulo state.^{[citation needed]} The paper highlights the high-tech industries and metallurgical park, considered the capital of Silicon Valley Sterling.

The region hosts more than 10,000 medium and large companies, many of which are among the 1,000 largest and best in Brazil, according to Exame magazine, such as Honda, Toyota, Unilever, Mann, 3M, Sherwilliams, Bosch, Pirelli, Dell, IBM, BASF, Dow Chemical, Villares, SEMESA, Ericsson, Singer, Goodyear, CPFL, Elektro, DPaschoal, Sotreq, Valeo, Rigesa, International Paper, Nortel, Lucent, Samsung, Motorola, Medley Pharma, Romi, Tenneco, General Electric, Texas Instruments, Mabe, EMS Farma, MDS Pharma, Altana, Solectron, Magnetti Marelli, Amsted Maxion, Eaton, Galvani, Selmi, Nutron, AmBev, Caterpillar, Bombardier, Atento Brazil, ACS, Dedic, CAF and many others.

The petrochemical complex is centered in Southeastern, a few miles of Campinas, near the refinery of Petrobras Planalto Paulista (Replan), the largest in Brazil one of the largest in Latin America, and has companies like Dupont, Chevron, Shell, Exxon, Group Ipiranga, Eucatex, Rhodia, and others. It has the largest cargo airport of import / export, and is the hub of companies and Blue Trip. The largest companies have a global turnover of more than $ 80 billion, larger than many Latin American countries.

The city is also an important and diverse shopping, owning two of the largest shopping mall in the country: The Iguatemi Campinas and Shopping Parque Dom Pedro. Has, in its metropolitan area, the Viracopos International Airport, which stands in the international transport of cargo.

Campinas' main economic activities are agriculture (mainly coffee, sugarcane, and cotton), industry (textiles, motorcycles, cars, machinery, agricultural equipment, food and beverages, chemical and petrochemical, pharmaceuticals, paper and cellulose, telecommunications, computers and electronics, etc.), commerce and services.

Campinas central area.

The Campinas Metropolitan Region is home to many national and international high-tech industries, including IBM, Dell, Motorola, Freescale, Lucent, Nortel, Compaq, Celestica, Samsung, Alcatel, Bosch, 3M, Texas Instruments.^[5]

The airline TRIP Linhas Aéreas is headquartered in Campinas.^[6] The Viracopos airport is also the operational hub of Azul Airlines.

The automotive industry is also heavily represented: General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Magneti Marelli, Eaton Corporation, Tenneco, Toyota and many others are present.^[7] It also has a sizable pharmaceutical industry sector, with companies like Medley Farma, EMS Farma, Altana, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Cristália, Valeo, etc.^[8]

In addition the region is home to many research centers and universities, such as LNLS, CPqD, CenPRA, Embrapa, Unicamp, Facamp and Puccamp. According to the Times Higher Education 2007 World University Rankings, the University of Campinas (Unicamp) is the 177th best university in the world, and the 2nd best in Latin America (after the University of São Paulo in 176th place).

Campinas also boasts the largest number of high-tech business incubators and industrial parks (a total of eight), such as the CIATEC I and II, Softex, TechnoPark, InCamp, Polis, TechTown, Industrial Park of Campinas and others.^[9]

The presence of one of the largest oil refineries in Latin America (350,824 barrels (55,776.6 m³) of crude per day), operated by Petrobras in the neighboring county of Paulínia, has attracted many petrochemical companies to the Campinas area, including DuPont, Rhone-Poulenc, and Royal Dutch Shell.^[10]

The Brazilian Pró-Álcool Program was developed in Campinas: a whole industry based on the use of ethanol as a combustible for motor vehicles, going from a new sucrose-rich sugarcane, to alcohol refineries, a huge distribution system, and, most recently, an internal combustion engine capable of using either gasoline or ethanol.^[11]

Other examples of Campinas-bred technologies are fiber optics, lasers for telecommunications and medical applications, integrated circuits design and fabrication, satellite environmental monitoring of natural resources, software for agriculture, digital telephone switches, deep-water oil exploration platforms and technologies, biomedical equipment, medical software, genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technologies for food production and pharmaceutics, and food engineering.^[12] Because of this, Campinas has been called the Brazilian Silicon Valley.

Socio-economic conditions[link]

Low-cost apartments under construction.

Despite Campinas' position of wealth and social and economic opportunity vis-a-vis the rest of the country, the average per capita income of little more than US$ 17,700 per year clearly indicates that there are problems. If re-evaluated in terms of PPP (Purchasing Power Parity), Campinas' average income looks better (roughly 12,300 USD per year). In fact, Campinas is emblematic of the wealth distribution inequality that is so common in the country (Brazil is the 9th largest economy in the world, but ranks only 32nd in wealth generation per capita, and 117th in average Gini coefficient). Campinas has a Gini coefficient of 58%, which is almost the same as that of Brazil (59.3), a level similar to countries such as Zimbabwe and Paraguay. Such a level means that the top 10% richest make almost 70 times more than the 10% poorest.

This level of poverty contrasts with the high Human Development Index of Campinas, which is about the same level as Chile, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia. The explanation for this apparent contradiction is that side by side, even in the same city section, one can find walled condominiums with a yearly average per capita income of US$ 60,000 to US$ 100,000 and spreading "favelas" (slum cities) with incomes of less than US$ 800 p.a. The classes A and B help move the local economy, and provide a strong tax base for the municipality.

Until the late 1970s, Campinas was proud to have no favelas, but the increasing industrialization and wealth attracted hordes of destitute agrarian workers and urban dwellers with few job qualifications from all parts of the country. Land invasions were frequent and the municipal powers were unable or unwilling to suppress them, allowing illegal occupation of land in key sectors of the city (in Brazil, state and counties are forbidden by the Federal Constitution to restrict or even measure the free movement of citizens).

Culture[link]

The city has always been a cultural center in the State of São Paulo. This has increased greatly with the proliferation of universities. Campinas has three theater houses, a symphony orchestra, (considered one of the three best of the country), now under Principal Conductor Parcival Módolo and Karl Martin, classical music ensembles, choral groups, 43 movie screens and over a dozen cinemas, dozens of libraries (including a municipal library), art galleries, museums, etc.

Tourism and recreation[link]

Jardim Proença, a neighborhood of Campinas, as seen from north.

Swimming in the Tennis Club of Campinas (TCC).

The city does not have many tourist spots, since it is not located at the beach or the mountains, and has no remarkable old monument or construction. However it has some nice places to visit such as:

• the Bosque dos Jequitibás, an urban preserved wooded area reminiscent of the original rain forest that covered the region in the past: it has a small zoo with local fauna and a natural history museum
• the Cathedral, which was built in the 19th century; its interior is entirely made of jacaranda wood sculptures and works. It was made using a technique called "taipa de pilão" using clay and rocks – it is one of the largest buildings in the world using this construction technique;^[13]
• the Central Market, with typical stall stands full of fresh product of the region
• the old Central Railway Station, now converted to a cultural center;
• Centro de Convivência, a cultural complex of theater, an open arena for concerts and spectacles, and a plaza where Campinas Symphony Orchestra often plays to the public;
• the Castelo (Castle) Water Tower, which provides a beautiful view over the downtown;
• the Historical Railway Society of Campinas, which maintains the Anhumas station, a set of steam locomotives and full carriages and which promotes regular trips along a picturesque region dotted with old coffee farms;
• the Lagoa do Taquaral Park, a much-beloved urban lagoon and adjacent wooded park, includes: a planetarium, a science museum, an indoor sports stadium and swimming pool, kart racing and model airplane areas, an open concert auditorium, a floating caravel replica, an electric tramway (streetcar line), pedal boats, plus facilities for several types of sports, including a long track for running and walking;

Campinas' readers of the Correio Popular newspaper and the Cosmo Website have voted in July 2007 for the "Seven Wonders of Campinas".^[14]

The mountain region around Campinas has better travel and stay opportunities, such as in the spa cities of Serra Negra and Águas de Lindóia; and in Holambra, a rural region which was populated by immigrants from the Netherlands, with an annual flower festival and typical buildings and restaurants.

Sports[link]

Facade of the Moses Lucarelli Stadium .

Campinas is home to two football clubs nationally recognized: Associação Atlética Ponte Preta and Guarani Futebol Clube, who perform "Campineiro derby" match that is considered one of the most traditional of the state occurring since 1912. There is also Red Bull Brasil, which was created in November 2007 and lately has gained significant prominence. Women's football also has been outstanding, albeit amateur. In the story also revealed other clubs, such as Mogiana Sports Club, which was created in June 7, 1933 and came into bankruptcy in the 60s.

The city also has three major venues: Estádio Brinco de Ouro da Princesa, owned by the Guarani, which opened in 1953 and today has a capacity of around 30,000 people, Sport and Recreation Centre in Campinas Dr. Horacio Antonio da Costa (Cerecamp Stadium or Mogiana Stadium), which belongs to the state of São Paulo and was opened in 1940, besides the Estádio Moisés Lucarelli, owned by Ponte Preta, which was founded in 1948 and has the capacity to almost 20 thousand visitors.

The city is still home to several sporting events in other modalities, such as Corrida Integração (Integration Race), which is held since 1983 by Pioneer Broadcasters Television (EPTV), being divided into two modes (a 5 km-dedicated to the disabled and wheelchair users, and another 10 km, the normal). Campinas also has tradition in the Open Games of the Interior, created in 1936 and competition involving various sports. Four times, hosted the competition (1939, 1945, 1960 and 1994), and ten times the city came out as the winner of the competition (1939, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979), being the third city which has won the most competition. In tennis there is the Tennis Club of Campinas (CBT), which was created in 1913, offering, in addition to the blocks of the sport, swimming pools, courts for basketball and soccer, as well as rooms suitable for the practice of judo, gymnastics and dance. Club de Regatas Campineiro and Swim (CCRN) also provides space for the practice of various types of Olympic sports.

Government[link]

The current mayor is Hélio de Oliveira Santos, a physician, former professor of pediatric surgery at the UNICAMP Medical School and federal congressman, who was elected by a coalition of several political parties, led by the Partido Democrático Trabalhista. His initial term ran from Jan. 1, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2008. He was reelected for another term, from Jan 1, 2009 to Dec. 31, 2012. The municipality is subdivided into one main district and four subdistricts, Joaquim Egídio, Sousas, Barão Geraldo and Nova Aparecida. There are also 14 regional administrations.

The Secretariat of International Cooperation (SMCI) was created on April 28, 1994. It is one of the 18 Secretariats of the City Hall of Campinas and it is currently located in that building.^[15]

Its mains goals are:

• the attraction and facilititaion for the arrival of new investments to the city;
• the expansion of the companies activities that are already established in the city;
• the perpetuation of the relations between the city, its international community and partners, such as the Sister-Cities.

The Secretariat also acts as supporter to other secretariats in the City Hall, often through: the identification of national and foreign potentials investors; keeping systematic contacts with executives in Brazil and abroad, Embassies, Chambers of Commerces and relevant International Organizations; presenting Campinas to the cities and interested investors.

Notable mayors[link]

Infrastructure[link]

Dom Pedro I Highway, part of Campinas Beltway.

Bus Terminal.

Transportation[link]

Campinas is a major transportation and telecommunications hub for the State of São Paulo, as it is located on the major highways that connect the capital to the Northwest and Northern parts of the State. The city is served by the a Campinas Beltway (Anel Viário) and the following main highways:

• Rodovia Anhangüera
• Rodovia dos Bandeirantes
• Rodovia Santos Dumont
• Rodovia Dom Pedro I
• Rodovia Adhemar de Barros
• Rodovia Professor Zeferino Vaz
• Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença

All these highways are built according to the highest international standards (see highway system of São Paulo).^[16] The Anel Viário José Magalhães Teixeira (SP-038) around the city currently interconnects the Anhangüera and Dom Pedro I highways.

Campinas has long been a major railway hub, too, although passenger train lines no longer operate there. The city built a light rail line in the early-1990s, but due to low ridership the entire project was abandoned.

The main airport of the city is Viracopos International Airport, located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from downtown Campinas and 99 kilometres (62 mi) from the city of São Paulo, and can be reached by three highways: Santos Dumont, Bandeirantes and Anhanguera. Because of the size and wealth of the regional population around Campinas, and its industrial sector which relies strongly on importation and exportation, the airport today is one of the airport's operator (Infraero) highest priorities to receive investments.

Due to the operation of several passenger airlines, such as TAM Airlines, Gol Airlines, Trip Airlines and, more recently, Azul Airlines, which has made Viracopos as its main national hub, the airport is now also the third in the ranking of highest passenger movement in the state of São Paulo. A fast train line is planned for connecting the capital city of São Paulo to the Viracopos airport, thus enhancing its importance in the air transportation in Brazil.

A second facility, Campo dos Amarais Airport located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from downtown Campinas, is dedicated to general aviation.

Communications[link]

Although the city has a complex system of communication today, Campinas was the third city in the world to adopt the technology of the telephone in 1883, after Chicago and Rio de Janeiro, where 57 machines were installed.^[17]

Campinas is a major telecommunications hub in the state and in the country.^{[citation needed]} It has the largest per capita number of fixed and mobile telephone lines in the São Paulo state and one of the largest in the country.^{[citation needed]} The city is also a major hub for cable, fiber optic, microwave and satellite communication network.^{[citation needed]} COMSAT operates near Campinas one of the largest satellite ground stations in Latin America^{[citation needed]}, and the National Research and Education Network (Rede Nacional de Pesquisa e Educação) has a high-capacity point of presence (POP) in the city.

Education[link]

Unicamp students.

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum.

Universities and colleges[link]

• Unicamp (Universidade Estadual de Campinas);
• INPG Business School - INPG campus in Campinas; Nationally ranked MBA School by Magazine Você S/A, Edition Nov/2010.
• PUC-Campinas (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas);
• UNIP (Universidade Paulista);
• FACAMP (Faculdades de Campinas);
• METROCAMP (Faculdade Integrada Metropolitana de Campinas);
• IPEP (Faculdades Integradas IPEP);
• UNISAL (Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo);
• USF (Universidade São Francisco);
• ESAMC (Escola Superior de Administração, Marketing e Comunicação);
• Universidade Mackenzie;
• FAC (Faculdades Comunitárias de Campinas);
• Faculdades Fleming;
• Faculdade de Odontologia São Leopoldo Mandic.

Technical schools[link]

• ETE Bento Quirino (Escola Técnica Estadual Bento Quirino)
• ETEC (Escola Técnica de Campinas)
• ETECAP (Escola Técnica Estadual Conselheiro Antonio Prado)
• COTUCA (Colégio Técnico da Universidade de Campinas)

Media[link]

Three daily newspapers are published in Campinas, all owned by media company Rede Anhangüera de Comunicação: Correio Popular, Diário do Povo and Notícia Já (a tabloid). Several other local newspapers with weekly or monthly circulation are also published. Several magazines are also published in Campinas, the largest one being Metrópole, which circulates on Sundays as a supplement to Correio Popular.

The city has also a large number of radio stations as well as several local TV stations, including TV Universidades and Fenix TV (both not-for-profit), distributed by Net Campinas, the local cable distributor.

Campinas was the first city in Brazil, outside the capitals of Brazilian states, which received the transmission in digital signal for TV, by EPTV, an affiliate of Rede Globo, on October 3, 2008.^[18] It currently has the second TV station that also broadcasts the signal by TVB, now an affiliate of Rede Record, since February 2011 (before SBT, when it began in May 8, 2010).^[19]

Notable people[link]

See category People from Campinas

• Campos Sales (politician, fourth president of Brazil)
• Carlos Gomes (opera composer)
• Nelsinho Baptista (soccer player)
• Olavo de Carvalho (philosopher and writer)
• Lovefoxxx (singer)
• Joe Gunther (singer)
• Rubem Alves (philosopher and writer)
• Marcelo Damy (physicist)
• Gilberto de Nucci (physician and biomedical researcher)
• Renato M.E. Sabbatini (biomedical scientist and writer)
• Regina Duarte (actress)
• Hércules Florence (inventor)
• Luís Fabiano – soccer player
• Carlos Roberto Martins (entrepreneur)
• Crodowaldo Pavan (biologist and scientist)
• José Aristodemo Pinotti (physician, former dean of UNICAMP)
• Cassio Raposo do Amaral (plastic surgeon and researcher)
• Zeferino Vaz (physician, former dean of UNICAMP)
• Fausto Corrêa da Silva (Faustão) (TV entertainer)
• Júlio de Mesquita (journalist)
• Hilda Hilst (writer)
• José Pancetti (painter)
• Sandy Leah (singer)

City twinning[link]

Campinas is officially twinned (sister city) with the following cities:^[20]

Campinas and the following cities have agreed upon sisterhood Protocol of Intentions:

• Turin, Italy;
• Fushun, China;
• Jingan^{[disambiguation needed ]}, China;
• Bissau, Guinea-Bissau;
• Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolívia;
• Chitato, Angola;

References[link]

This article's citation style may be unclear. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (May 2011)

External links[link]

Brazil portal

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• Guia de Empresas em Campinas (in Portuguese).
• Official home page (in Portuguese).
• Campinas.com.br (in English).
• Secretariat of International Cooperation official home page
• Photo album.
• The Seven Wonders of Campinas (in Portuguese)
• Campinas Business Directory (in Portuguese).
• Campinas' Region (In Portuguese)
• Campinas American Chamber of Commerce
• Current local time.
• Current weather.
• Hotel information.
• Correio Popular newspaper site.
• Diário do Povo newspaper site.
• Campinas' Wired magazine story, July 2000.
• Informações sobre a Cidade de Campinas
• Encontra Campinas

Coordinates: 22°54′03.29″S 47°03′26.26″W / 22.9009139°S 47.0572944°W / -22.9009139; -47.0572944

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