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Friday, 02 November 2012

Los Angeles / Santa Monica Beach, California

Shakira;Artista Invitado Alejandro Sanz - La Tortura

Night Landing in Los Angeles (cockpit view)

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1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event celebrated in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain in 1992. The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games, which had been held in the same year since 1924, and place them in alternating even-numbered years, beginning in 1994. The 1992 Summer Games were the last to be staged in the same year as the Winter Games.
http://wn.com/1992_Summer_Olympics
Achois, California
Achois (also, Achoic Comihauit) is a former Tongva Indian settlement in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles County, California.
http://wn.com/Achois_California
Acton, California
Acton is an unincorporated census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California near the Antelope Valley. According to the 2000 census, the CDP had a population of 2,390, while the Greater Acton area (which includes the CDP) had a population of 9,175.
http://wn.com/Acton_California
AECOM
AECOM Technology Corporation (; , ) is a professional technical and management support services firm. The company is ranked as the number one design firm for 2010 by Engineering News-Record and number one by Architectural Record. It provides services in the areas of transportation, facilities, environmental, energy, water and government. With approximately 51,000 employees, AECOM is listed at #352 on the Fortune 500 list.
http://wn.com/AECOM
Agoura, California
Agoura is an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County, which is located southeast of the city of Agoura Hills, California, adjacent to the city of Calabasas in Los Angeles County. Agoura was the historical name of the area, before much of the area was developed and before the incorporation of the City of Agoura Hills. There are a few pockets of unincorporated areas, containing a handful of houses, in the area. Much of the area is also often referred to as the neighborhood Old Agoura. The ZIP Code is 91301 and the community is inside telephone area code 818.
http://wn.com/Agoura_California
Alhambra, California
Alhambra ( or despite its Spanish pronunciation of ) is a city (incorporated on 11 July 1903) located in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States, which is approximately eight miles from the Downtown Los Angeles civic center. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 85,804. The city's ZIP Codes are 91801 and 91803 (plus 91802 for P.O. boxes).
http://wn.com/Alhambra_California
Alla, California
Alla is an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California. It lies at an elevation of 16 feet (5 m).
http://wn.com/Alla_California
Alsace, California
Alsace is an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California. It lies at an elevation of 16 feet (5 m).
http://wn.com/Alsace_California
Alta California
http://wn.com/Alta_California
Altadena, California
Altadena is an unincorporated area which is also a census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California, United States, approximately from the downtown Los Angeles Civic Center, and directly north of the city of Pasadena, California. The population was 42,610 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Altadena_California
Alturas, California
Alturas (formerly, Dorris Bridge, '''Dorris' Bridge, and Dorrisville''') is the county seat of Modoc County, California, United States. Alturas is located on the Pit River, east of the center of Modoc County, at an elevation of 4370 feet (1332 m). As the county seat, the town is a home to regional government offices, including a California Highway Patrol office and a state Department of Motor Vehicles office. Modoc Subdivision track of the Union Pacific Railroad, and the Lake County Railroad, (of Lake County, Oregon) serve the area.
http://wn.com/Alturas_California
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam
Anaheim, California
Anaheim () is a city in Orange County, California. As of January 1, 2010, the city population was about 353,643, slightly less than Santa Ana, making it the 10th most-populated city in California, and ranked 54th in the United States. The city anticipates that the population will surpass 400,000 by 2014 due to rapid development in its Platinum Triangle area as well as in Anaheim Hills. The Platinum Triangle is the fastest growing area in Orange County. Anaheim is the second most populous city in Orange County (after Santa Ana) and second largest in terms of land area (after Irvine), and is known for its theme parks, sports teams and convention center.
http://wn.com/Anaheim_California
Antelope Valley
The Antelope Valley in California, United States is located in northern Los Angeles County and the southeastern portion of Kern County, California and constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is situated between the Tehachapi and the San Gabriel Mountains.
http://wn.com/Antelope_Valley
Antioch, California
Antioch (formerly, East Antioch, '''Smith's Landing, and Marshs Landing''') is a city in Contra Costa County, California. Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area along the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta, it is a suburb of San Francisco, Oakland, and Sacramento. The city's population was 90,532 at the U.S. 2000 census, and was estimated to have grown to 100,219 in 2008.
http://wn.com/Antioch_California
Arcadia, California
Arcadia is an upper-middle class U.S. city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and located approximately northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. Arcadia is part of a cluster of cities, along with Temple City, Rosemead, Monterey Park, San Marino, and San Gabriel, in the west San Gabriel Valley with a growing Asian population. It is the site of the Santa Anita Park racetrack and home to the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden. , the city had a population of 53,054. The estimated 2005 population was 56,565. The city is named after Arcadia, Greece.
http://wn.com/Arcadia_California
Arcata, California
Arcata is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. In 2006 Arcata's population was estimated to be 17,294. This college town, located north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), is home to Humboldt State University.
http://wn.com/Arcata_California
Area code 661
California area code 661 covers the majority of California's Kern County, as well as part of Los Angeles County, Santa Barbara County, and Tulare County. It was split from area code 805 on February 13, 1999.
http://wn.com/Area_code_661
Arlington, Texas
http://wn.com/Arlington_Texas
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia
Artesia, California
Artesia is a city in southeast Los Angeles County, California and is one of the county's Gateway Cities. It was incorporated on May 29, 1959. The population was 16,380 at the 2000 census. Artesia is surrounded on the west, south, and east sides by Cerritos, with Norwalk to the north.
http://wn.com/Artesia_California
Athens, California
Athens is an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California. It lies at an elevation of 171 feet (52 m). Athens is located in the South Los Angeles region, near the intersection of the Century and the Harbor freeways. To the south is the city of Gardena, to the west is Hawthorne, and the to the east are the unincorporated community of Willowbrook and the Los Angeles community of Watts.
http://wn.com/Athens_California
Atlanta
Atlanta (, ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. Atlanta had an estimated population of about 540,900 people. Its metropolitan area is the ninth largest in the country, inhabited by more than 5.4 million people. The Atlanta Combined Statistical Area has a population approaching six million, making it the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. Like many areas in the Sun Belt, the Atlanta region has seen explosive growth since about 1976, and it added about 1.1 million residents between 2000 and 2008.
http://wn.com/Atlanta
Auburn, California
Auburn is the county seat of Placer County, California. Its current population is about 13,106. (March 2009) Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history. One of its most famous citizens was the poet and short-story writer Clark Ashton Smith, who was born in Auburn in 1893 and who lived there most of his life. Born and raised in Auburn, Stacy Dragila was the first to win an Olympic gold medal in women's pole vaulting. Tomas Arana, an actor most notable for his role in Gladiator, was born in Auburn. Also, the town is featured toward the end of British author Anthony Horowitz's book, Nightrise.
http://wn.com/Auburn_California
Auckland City
Auckland City is the city and local authority covering the Auckland isthmus and most of the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, in the North Island of New Zealand. On 1 November 2010 it will be amalgamated into the wider Auckland Region under the authority of the new Auckland Council. Auckland City is the most populous city in the country, with a population of It lies in the Auckland Region, currently governed by the Auckland Regional Council which is based in Auckland City.
http://wn.com/Auckland_City
Aurant, California
Aurant is an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California. It lies at an elevation of 433 feet (132 m).
http://wn.com/Aurant_California
Austin, Texas
Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the fifteenth most populous city in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. Austin has a population of 786,382 (2009 U.S. Census estimate). The city is the cultural and economic center of the metropolitan area, with a population of 1,750,224 (2009 U.S. Census estimate), making it the 35th-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
http://wn.com/Austin_Texas
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia
Avalon, California
Avalon, or Avalon Bay, is the only incorporated city on Santa Catalina Island of the California Channel Islands, and the southernmost city in Los Angeles County. Besides Avalon, the only other center of population on the island is the small unincorporated town of Two Harbors.
http://wn.com/Avalon_California
Awigna, California
http://wn.com/Awigna_California
Azusa, California
Azusa is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 44,712 at the 2000 census. Though sometimes assumed to be a compaction of the phrase "everything from A to Z in the USA" from an old Jack Benny joke, the place name "Azusa" traces back to at least the eighteenth century. Azusa originally referred to the San Gabriel Valley and river, and likely derives from the Tongva place name Asuksagna.
http://wn.com/Azusa_California
Baghdad
Baghdad (, , ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt).
http://wn.com/Baghdad
Baltimore
Baltimore () is the largest independent city in the United States and the largest city and cultural center of the U.S. state of Maryland. The city is located in central Maryland along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is sometimes referred to as Baltimore City in order to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County. Founded in 1729, Baltimore is a major U.S. seaport and is situated closer to major Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. The harbor is now home to Harborplace, a shopping, entertainment, and tourist center, and the National Aquarium in Baltimore. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital are now the city's largest employers.
http://wn.com/Baltimore
Bandung
http://wn.com/Bandung
Bangalore
Bangalore , known as Bengaluru (), is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. As of 2009, Bangalore was inducted in the list of Global cities and ranked as a "Beta World City" alongside Geneva, Copenhagen, Boston, Cairo, Riyadh, Berlin, to name a few, in the studies performed by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network in 2008.
http://wn.com/Bangalore
Bangkok
http://wn.com/Bangkok
Barcelona
http://wn.com/Barcelona
Bartolo, California
Bartolo is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 223 feet (68 m). Bartolo still appeared on maps as of 1926. Its original name came from Rancho Paso de Bartolo, the lands of the Mexican governor of California, Pio Pico, which in turn was named for San Gabriel River ford called Paso de Bartolo Viejo (Old Bartolo's Crossing), near Beverly Road and the San Gabriel River. It was a station on the Union Pacific Railroad at the junction of its branch line to Whittier and its main line. Today, the area is part of the cities of Whittier and Pico Rivera, which is named for Pio Pico.
http://wn.com/Bartolo_California
Bassett, California
Bassett is an unincorporated community in the San Gabriel Valley, in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located within the Census boundaries of Avocado Heights. Located in the San Gabriel Valley, the ZIP Code is 91746 and the community is inside area code 626.
http://wn.com/Bassett_California
Beijing
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http://wn.com/Beijing
Beirut
http://wn.com/Beirut
Bel Air, Los Angeles
Bel Air is an affluent residential community in the hills of the Westside of the city of Los Angeles, California. Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills it forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods.
http://wn.com/Bel_Air_Los_Angeles
Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
http://wn.com/Belgium
Bell, California
Bell is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Its population was 36,664 in the 2000 census. Bell is located on the west bank of the Los Angeles River and is a suburb of the city of Los Angeles. At 2.5 square miles, Bell is number thirteen in the list of the 25 smallest cities in the United States that have a population of at least 25,000 (ranked from smallest to largest in area).
http://wn.com/Bell_California
Berkeley, California
Berkeley ( ) is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington. The eastern city limits coincide with the county line (bordering Contra Costa County), which generally follows the ridge line of the Berkeley Hills. Berkeley is located in northern Alameda County.
http://wn.com/Berkeley_California
Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin
Big Sur
http://wn.com/Big_Sur
Bishop, California
Bishop (formerly, Bishop Creek) is a city in Inyo County, California, United States. Though Bishop is the largest city in Inyo County, the county seat is in Independence. It is located near the northern end of the Owens Valley, at an elevation of 4147 feet (1264 m). The population was 3,575 at the 2000 census. The town was named after Bishop Creek, flowing out of the Sierra Nevada: the creek was named after Samuel Addison Bishop, a settler in the Owens Valley.
http://wn.com/Bishop_California
Bogotá
http://wn.com/Bogotá
Boston
Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. Boston city proper had a 2009 estimated population of 645,169, making it the twentieth largest in the country. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region includes six Massachusetts counties, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Plymouth, and Worcester, all of Rhode Island and parts of New Hampshire; it is home to 7.5 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
http://wn.com/Boston
Boyle Heights
http://wn.com/Boyle_Heights
Bradbury, California
http://wn.com/Bradbury_California
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil
Burbank, California
Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The estimated population in 2007 was 107,921.
http://wn.com/Burbank_California
Busan
Busan (Officially Busan Metropolitan City), formerly spelled Pusan () is South Korea's second largest metropolis after Seoul, with a population of around 3.6 million. It is the largest port city in South Korea and the fifth largest port in the world. The city is located on the southeasternmost tip of the Korean peninsula and faces the Korea Strait. The most densely built up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong River and Suyeong River, with mountains separating some of the districts. Administratively, it is designated as a Metropolitan City. The Busan metropolitan area is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county.
http://wn.com/Busan
Cahuenga, California
http://wn.com/Cahuenga_California
Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
http://wn.com/Cairo
California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
http://wn.com/California
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada
Canoga Park
http://wn.com/Canoga_Park
Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is a coastal resort city lying along the Pacific Ocean in the North County San Diego section of Southern California. Carlsbad is located 87 miles (140 km) south of Los Angeles and 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego. High property values, very high median family incomes, and high education levels have made Carlsbad one of the wealthiest communities in California and in the United States. A low population density, coastal location, thriving commercial sector, and an award-winning school district all contribute to the high standard of living in the area. It is one of the highest income places in the United States.
http://wn.com/Carlsbad_California
Carson, California
Carson is a city in Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2009 census, Carson had a total population of 92,255. It is located 13 miles south of downtown Los Angeles, and is known as a suburb of the city. Incorporated on February 20, 1968, Carson is the youngest municipality in the South Bay region of Greater Los Angeles.
http://wn.com/Carson_California
Castaic, California
Castaic, California is an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California, USA. It is in northern of Santa Clarita and is a few miles from Six Flags Magic Mountain amusement park. It is approximately 39 miles (63 km) from the downtown Los Angeles Civic Center. As of the 2000 Census, it had a population of 22,173. The community has a ZIP Code of 91384 and area code of 661.
http://wn.com/Castaic_California
Center Theatre Group
Center Theatre Group is a non-profit arts organization located in Los Angeles, California. It is one of the largest theatre companies in the nation, programming subscription seasons year-round at the Mark Taper Forum, the Ahmanson Theatre and the Kirk Douglas Theatre. Center Theatre Group has a combined subscription audience of 55,000-plus and a total audience exceeding 750,000 a year.
http://wn.com/Center_Theatre_Group
Cerritos, California
Cerritos (formerly known as Dairy Valley) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of several cities that constitute the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. It was incorporated on April 24, 1956. The current OMB metropolitan designation for Cerritos is "Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA." According to the California Department of Finance, the population was 55,074 as of 2005.
http://wn.com/Cerritos_California
Chandler, California
Chandler is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 3986 feet (1215 m). Chandler still appeared on maps as of 1938.
http://wn.com/Chandler_California
Chennai
Chennai (Tamil: ), formerly known as Madras (Tamil: AKA ), is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the fifth most populous city in India. Located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, Chennai city had a population of 4.34 million in the 2001 census within the area administered by the Corporation of Chennai and an extended Metropolitan Population of 6.5 million. The urban agglomeration of metropolitan Chennai has an estimated population over 8.2 million people.
http://wn.com/Chennai
Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
http://wn.com/Chicago
Chico, California
Chico is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. The population was 59,954 at the 2000 census but was estimated to have grown to 87,713 as of 2009. The city is a cultural, economic, and educational center of the northern Sacramento Valley and home to both Chico State University and Bidwell Park, one of the country's 25 largest municipal parks and the 13th largest municipally-owned park.
http://wn.com/Chico_California
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China
Chowigna, California
http://wn.com/Chowigna_California
Citrus, California
Citrus is a census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is located in the San Gabriel Valley between Azusa, Glendora, and Covina adjacent to another census-designated place, Charter Oak. Generally, this is referred to by locals as "unincorporated Covina" or "unincorporated Azusa". The population was 10,581 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Citrus_California
Cleveland
Cleveland () is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location at the head of numerous canals and railroad lines. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Cleveland's businesses have diversified into the service economy, including the financial services, insurance, legal, and healthcare sectors, though the city's population has continued to decline. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Cleveland
Colburn School
http://wn.com/Colburn_School
Columbus, Ohio
Columbus is the capital and largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio, the state's third largest metropolitan area behind Cincinnati and Cleveland, and the fourth largest city in the American Midwest. It is the county seat of Franklin County, yet the city has expanded and annexed portions of adjoining Delaware County and Fairfield County. Named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. The city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology.
http://wn.com/Columbus_Ohio
Colusa, California
Colusa (formerly, Colusi, '''Colusi's, Koru, and Salmon Bend''') is the county seat of Colusa County, California. The population was 5,402 at the 2000 census, the July 2008 population estimate is 5,892.
http://wn.com/Colusa_California
Commerce, California
Commerce is a suburb of Los Angeles in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 12,568 at the 2000 census. It is bordered by Vernon on the west, Los Angeles on the northwest, East Los Angeles on the north, Montebello on the east, Downey and Bell Gardens on the south, and Maywood on the southwest. The Los Angeles River forms part of its southwestern boundary, and the Rio Hondo separates it from Downey. Commerce is served by the Long Beach and Santa Ana freeways, as well as the Metrolink commuter rail service. It is usually referred to as the "City of Commerce" to distinguish it from the common noun.
http://wn.com/Commerce_California
Compton, CA
http://wn.com/Compton_CA
Compton, California
Compton is a city in southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, southeast of downtown Los Angeles. The City of Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county and in 1889 was the eighth city to incorporate. It is often considered part of the south side by residents of Los Angeles. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 93,493. It is known as the "Hub City" because of its location in nearly the exact geographical center of Los Angeles County.
http://wn.com/Compton_California
Concord, California
Concord ( ; formerly, Drunken Indian and Todos Santos) is the largest city in Contra Costa County, California, USA, and the 192nd largest in the U.S. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 126,742. Originally founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco, the name was changed to Concord within months. The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area, and is located just east of San Francisco.
http://wn.com/Concord_California
Corcoran, California
http://wn.com/Corcoran_California
Corona, California
Corona is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 124,966. The city of Norco and Riverside lie to the northeast, Chino Hills and Yorba Linda to the west, and the Cleveland National Forest to the southwest; unincorporated areas of Riverside County line all of its other borders.
http://wn.com/Corona_California
Covina, California
Covina is a small city in Los Angeles County, California about east of downtown Los Angeles, in the Los Angeles-Long Beach metro area. The population was 46,837 at the 2000 census. The city's slogan, "One Mile Square and All There" was coined when the incorporated area of the city was only (some say slightly less than) one square mile, making it the smallest city in area in the country.
http://wn.com/Covina_California
Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
http://wn.com/Croatia
Cudahy, California
Cudahy ( or ) is a city located in southeastern Los Angeles County, California. In terms of area, Cudahy is the second smallest city in Los Angeles County with one of the highest population densities of any incorporated city in the United States. It is part of the Gateway Cities region.
http://wn.com/Cudahy_California
Dallas
Dallas () is the third-largest city in Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. As of 2009, the population of Dallas was at 1.3 million according to the US Census Bureau. The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county metropolitan area that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of roughly 6.5 million as of July 2009. The metropolitan area is the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
http://wn.com/Dallas
Del Aire, California
Del Aire is a census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 9,012 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Del_Aire_California
Del Sur, California
Del Sur is an unincorporated community in the Mojave Desert, in Los Angeles County, California. The town has a population of about 1,750. The ZIP Code is 93536 and the community is inside area code 661.
http://wn.com/Del_Sur_California
Delhi
Delhi, known locally as Dilli (, , {{Lang-ur| '), and by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi''' (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory and with nearly 22.2 million residents in the National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad). The name Delhi is often also used to include some urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The NCT is a federally administered union territory.
http://wn.com/Delhi
Denver
The City and County of Denver (pronounced ) is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the High Plains, just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the "Mile-High City" because its elevation is one mile, or above sea level. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
http://wn.com/Denver
Detroit
http://wn.com/Detroit
Dhaka
http://wn.com/Dhaka
Dongguan
Dongguan (, ; Cantonese: Dung1 gun2; old spelling Tung-kuan) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Dongguan
Downey, California
Downey is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States, 21 km (13 miles) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 107,323.
http://wn.com/Downey_California
Downtown Los Angeles
Downtown Los Angeles is the central business district of Los Angeles, California, United States, located close to the geographic center of the metropolitan area. The area features many of the city's major arts institutions and sports facilities, sightseeing opportunities, a variety of skyscrapers and associated large multinational corporations and an array of public art and unique shopping opportunities. Downtown is the hub of the city's freeway network and growing Metro rapid transit system.
http://wn.com/Downtown_Los_Angeles
Duarte, California
http://wn.com/Duarte_California
East Rand
The East Rand is the name of the urban eastern part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg.
http://wn.com/East_Rand
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt
Eilat
Eilat (, ) is Israel's southernmost city, a busy port as well as a popular resort, located at the northern tip of the Red Sea, on the Gulf of Eilat. Home to 46,600 people, the city is part of the Southern Negev Desert, at the southern end of the Arava. The city is adjacent to the Egyptian village of Taba to the south, the Jordanian port city of Aqaba to the east, and within sight of Saudi Arabia to the south-east, across the gulf. Eilat's arid desert climate is moderated by proximity to a warm sea. Temperatures often exceed in summer, and in winter, while water temperatures range between . The city's beaches, nightlife and desert landscapes make it a popular destination for domestic and international tourism.
http://wn.com/Eilat
El Monte, California
El Monte () is a residential, industrial, and commercial city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city's slogan is "Welcome to Friendly El Monte," and historically is known as "The End of the Santa Fe Trail." As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 115,965. As of 2002, El Monte is the 191st largest city in the United States, and is the 44th largest city in California. El Monte Lies in the San Gabriel Valley region East of the city of Los Angeles.
http://wn.com/El_Monte_California
El Paso, Texas
El Paso () is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in West Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau's 2009 population estimates, the city had a population of 620,447 (July 2009). It is the sixth-largest city in Texas and the 22nd-largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County. In 2009, the El Paso metropolitan area had a population of 751,296. El Paso's metropolitan population for 2010, is estimated at 763,186 according to the US Census.
http://wn.com/El_Paso_Texas
El Salvador
El Salvador (; , literally meaning "Republic of The Savior") is the smallest and also the most densely populated country in Central America. It borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. It lies on the Gulf of Fonseca, as do Honduras and Nicaragua further south.
http://wn.com/El_Salvador
Emerald Triangle
The Emerald Triangle refers to the three counties of Mendocino, Humboldt, and Trinity in Northern California, United States.
http://wn.com/Emerald_Triangle
Eureka, California
Eureka is the county seat and principal city in Humboldt County, California, United States. Located adjacent to Humboldt Bay 270 miles north of San Francisco (via US-101), the regional port city of 26,097 serves as the center for government, health care, trade, and the arts for the far North Coast of California. Situated near extensive preserves of the world's tallest trees, the Coast Redwoods, and dozens of related parks, Eureka is the site of the headquarters for both the North Coast Redwoods District of the California State Parks System and Six Rivers National Forest. The city, a major player in the historic west coast lumber trade, is the site of hundreds of significant Victorian homes, including the Carson Mansion, situated at the head of its Old Town Historic District.
http://wn.com/Eureka_California
Faisalabad
(Punjabi, {{lang-ur|) is a city in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It was formerly known as Lyallpur. Faisalabad is the third largest city in Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has risen from 9,171 in 1901 to 179,000 in 1951 and to 2,009,000 in 1998. The larger Faisalabad district had a population of about 5.4 million in 1998.
http://wn.com/Faisalabad
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland
Florence, California
Florence is an unincorporated community in California. It is often considered part of South Los Angeles despite being outside of the Los Angeles city limits. It is serviced by area code 323 and has a ZIP code of 90001. It is the northern part of the Florence-Graham CDP.
http://wn.com/Florence_California
Fontana, California
Fontana () is a city of almost 200,000 residents in San Bernardino County, California. Founded in 1913, it remained essentially rural until World War II, when entrepreneur Henry J. Kaiser built a large steel mill in the area. It is now a regional hub of the trucking industry, with Interstate 10 and State Route 210 transecting the city from east to west, and Interstate 15 passing diagonally through its northwestern quadrant.
http://wn.com/Fontana_California
Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the seventeenth-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city within the state of Texas. Located in and the western edge of the American South, the city is a cultural gateway into the American West and covers nearly in Tarrant, Parker, Denton, and Wise counties, serving as the seat for Tarrant County. According to the 2010 census estimates, Fort Worth had a population of 727,575. It has been estimated that by 2030 it will have 1,211,665 residents. The city is the second-largest cultural and economic center of the region.
http://wn.com/Fort_Worth_Texas
Fortuna, California
Fortuna (formerly, Slide, Springville, Fortune) is a city in western-central Humboldt County, California, United States. The population was 10,497 at the 2000 census. The city lies on the northeast shore of the Eel River (approximately from where it enters the Pacific Ocean), and is on U.S. Route 101.
http://wn.com/Fortuna_California
Foshan
http://wn.com/Foshan
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France
Fremont, California
http://wn.com/Fremont_California
Fresno, California
Fresno (, ) is a city in California, USA, the county seat of Fresno County. As of 2010, the population was estimated at 505,479, making it the fifth largest city in California, the largest inland city in California, and the 35th largest in the nation. Fresno is located in the center of the wide San Joaquin Valley of Central California, approximately north of Los Angeles and south of the state capital, Sacramento. The city is part of Metropolitan Fresno, which, with a population of 922,516 is the second largest area in the Central Valley after the Sacramento Metropolitan Area. The name Fresno is the Spanish language word for the ash tree, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.
http://wn.com/Fresno_California
Gallery Row
http://wn.com/Gallery_Row
Gardena, California
Gardena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 57,746 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Gardena_California
Gaspur, California
Gaspur is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 7 feet (2 m). Gaspur still appeared on USGS maps as of 1925.
http://wn.com/Gaspur_California
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany
Getty Center
[[Image:Getty USGS.jpg|thumb|right|USGS satellite image of the Getty Center. The complex of buildings at bottom right is the Museum. In addition, "a circular building to the west of the Central Garden houses the Getty Research Institute.... Two buildings to the north and east of the Arrival Plaza house the Getty Foundation, the Getty Conservation Institute, and the J. Paul Getty Trust administration offices." [http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?v=2&cp;=34.078~-118.475&style;=o&lvl;=1&sp;=Point.34.078_-118.475_Getty_Center___ Microsoft Virtual Earth view of the Center at a different angle].]]
http://wn.com/Getty_Center
Giza
: "Gizeh" redirects here. Gizeh is also a popular PIE in Germany of cigarette rolling papers; see Mascotte (rolling papers).
http://wn.com/Giza
Glendale, California
http://wn.com/Glendale_California
Glendora, California
Glendora is a municipality in Los Angeles County, California, United States, east of downtown Los Angeles. As of 2006, the population of Glendora was estimated at 51,608.
http://wn.com/Glendora_California
Gold Country
Gold Country (also Mother Lode Country) is a region in the central and northeastern part of California, United States. It is famed for the mineral deposits and gold mines that attracted waves of immigrants, known as the 49ers, during the 1849 California Gold Rush.
http://wn.com/Gold_Country
Goleta, California
Goleta ( in English or in Spanish) is a city located in southern Santa Barbara County, California, USA. It was incorporated as a new city in 2002, after a long time as being the largest unincorporated, populated area in the county. As of the 2000 census, the Census-designated place (CDP) had a total population of 55,204, however, a significant portion of the census territory of 2000 did not incorporate into the new city. The Census Bureau's official estimate as of July 1, 2006 was 29,182 inhabitants within city limits.
http://wn.com/Goleta_California
Gorman, California
Gorman, California, is an unincorporated community in northwestern Los Angeles County. As of 2005 it had just 15 homes and a few registered voters, but tens of thousands motorists traveled through it daily on the Interstate 5 freeway.
http://wn.com/Gorman_California
Greater Buenos Aires
http://wn.com/Greater_Buenos_Aires
Greater Tokyo Area
http://wn.com/Greater_Tokyo_Area
Greece
http://wn.com/Greece
Guangzhou
http://wn.com/Guangzhou
Hamilton, Ontario
:For Hamilton Township in Northumberland County, see Hamilton, Ontario (township)
http://wn.com/Hamilton_Ontario
Hanford, California
Hanford is an important commercial and cultural center in the south central San Joaquin Valley and is the county seat of Kings County, California. It is the principal city of the Hanford-Corcoran, California Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25260), which encompasses all of Kings County, including the cities of Hanford and Corcoran. The ZIP Code is 93230 (93232 for post office boxes). The city of Hanford is surrounded by communities that do not fall within the city limits but use the same zip code. These communities include Grangeville, Hardwick and Home Garden.
http://wn.com/Hanford_California
Hayward, California
Hayward (; formerly, Haywards, Haywards Station, and Haywood) is a city located in the East Bay in Alameda County, California. Hayward is the sixth largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area and is located on the Bay's eastern shore, sandwiched between San Lorenzo and Union City, at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo Bridge. The estimated population in 2010 was 151,300. The former suburbs of Mount Eden, Schafer Park and Russell City have been incorporated into Hayward.
http://wn.com/Hayward_California
Helsinki
Helsinki (; , ) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the southern part of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa/Nyland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is (), making it the most populous municipality in Finland by a wide margin. Helsinki is located some east of Stockholm, Sweden, west of St. Petersburg, Russia and north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close connections with these three cities.
http://wn.com/Helsinki
Herbalife
Herbalife International () is a global nutrition, weight-loss and skin-care company. The company was founded in 1980 and it employs around 4,000 people worldwide. Herbalife reported net sales of USD 3.8 billion in 2009 and its corporate headquarters are in Los Angeles, USA.
http://wn.com/Herbalife
Ho Chi Minh City
http://wn.com/Ho_Chi_Minh_City
Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
http://wn.com/Hollywood
Hollywood Bowl
The Hollywood Bowl is a modern amphitheater in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, United States that is used primarily for music performances. It has a seating capacity of 17,376.
http://wn.com/Hollywood_Bowl
Hollywood Hills
The Hollywood Hills is an affluent and exclusive neighborhood of Los Angeles, California in the southeastern Santa Monica Mountains. It is bound by Laurel Canyon Blvd. to the west, Vermont Ave. to the east, Mulholland Dr. (Griffith Park) to the north, and Sunset Blvd. to the south. With its sweeping views of the Los Angeles area below and its emphasis on residential privacy, the Hollywood Hills serve as a sanctuary for many celebrities.
http://wn.com/Hollywood_Hills
Hollywood Sign
The Hollywood Sign is a famous landmark in the Hollywood Hills area of Mount Lee, Santa Monica Mountains, in Los Angeles, California. The iconic sign spells out the name of the area in and white letters. It was created as an advertisement in 1923, but garnered increasing recognition after the sign was left up. The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism but has since undergone restoration, including a security system to deter vandalism. The sign is protected and promoted by the Hollywood Sign Trust, a nonprofit organization whose purpose is to physically maintain, repair and secure the sign, to educate the world about its historical and cultural importance, and to raise the funds necessary to accomplish these projects.
http://wn.com/Hollywood_Sign
Holton, California
Holton is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 49 feet (15 m). Holton sill appeared on USGS maps as of 1924.
http://wn.com/Holton_California
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong
Houston
http://wn.com/Houston
Hyperion, California
Hyperion is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 33 feet (10 m). Hyperion sill appeared on USGS maps as of 1934.
http://wn.com/Hyperion_California
Incheon
Incheon (), officially the Incheon Metropolitan City, is South Korea's third largest metropolis, after Seoul and Busan. As the largest seaport on the west coast and home to the country's largest airport, Incheon International Airport, Incheon is South Korea's most important transport hub. In the 21st century, Incheon has transformed into a global business hub centered around the high-tech and futuristic Songdo International City, which is home to South Korea's tallest building, the 305m supertall Northeast Asia Trade Tower.
http://wn.com/Incheon
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India
Indianapolis
Indianapolis (), often abbreviated Indy (), is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. The United States Census estimated the city's population, excluding the included towns, at 807,584 in 2009. It is Indiana's largest city and is the 14th largest city in the U.S., the third largest city in the Midwest (behind Chicago and Detroit), the second most populous state capital (after Phoenix, Arizona), and the most populous state capital east of the Mississippi River. Indianapolis is also the fastest growing region in the Midwest.
http://wn.com/Indianapolis
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia
Industry, California
Industry (or City of Industry) is an industrial suburb of Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County. Home to over 2,500 businesses and 80,000 jobs , but only 777 residents as of the 2000 United States census, the city is almost entirely industrial. It was incorporated on June 18, 1957 to prevent surrounding cities from annexing industrial land for tax revenue.
http://wn.com/Industry_California
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran
Irvine, California
Irvine () is an incorporated city in Orange County, California, United States. It is a planned city, mainly developed by the Irvine Company since the 1960s. Formally incorporated on December 28, 1971, the 45 square mile (115 km2) city has a population of about 217,686 as of January 1, 2010. It has annexed in the past an undeveloped area to the north, and has also annexed the former El Toro Marine Corps Air Station, most of which is planned to be converted into the Orange County Great Park.
http://wn.com/Irvine_California
Ischia
Ischia () is a volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. The roughly trapezoidal island lies about 30 km from Naples and measures around 10 km east to west and 7 km north to south with a coastline and a surface area of . It is almost entirely mountainous, with the highest peak being Mount Epomeo at 788 meters.. The island has a population of over 60,000 people.
http://wn.com/Ischia
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel
Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
http://wn.com/Istanbul
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy
Jackson, California
Jackson (formerly, Botilleas, Botilleas Spring, Bottileas, Bottle Spring, and Botellas) is the county seat of Amador County, California. The population was 3,989 at the 2000 census. The town is accessible by both State Route 49 and State Route 88.
http://wn.com/Jackson_California
Jakarta
Jakarta (; Indonesian: ), officially the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The metropolitan area, Jabodetabek, is the second largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".
http://wn.com/Jakarta
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan
Johannesburg
Johannesburg (, ) also known as Jozi, '''Jo'burg or eGoli''', is the largest city in South Africa. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa.. The city is one of the 40 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline.
http://wn.com/Johannesburg
Karachi
Karachi (: , {{lang-ur|) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, and the capital of the province of Sindh. With an estimated population of about 18 million, Karachi is one of the world's largest cities in terms of population, the 13th largest urban agglomeration, the 4th largest metropolitan area in the world, and the 2nd largest city within the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Islamic world.
http://wn.com/Karachi
Kinshasa
http://wn.com/Kinshasa
Kobe
http://wn.com/Kobe
Kodak Theatre
The Kodak Theatre is a live theatre in the Hollywood and Highland retail, dining, and entertainment complex on Hollywood Boulevard and North Highland Avenue in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Since its opening on November 9, 2001, the theatre has been the home of the annual Academy Awards Ceremonies (The Oscars), which were first held there in March 2002, and is the first permanent home for the awards. Since 2002, the theater was also the home for American Idol.
http://wn.com/Kodak_Theatre
Kolkata
Kolkata (Bengali: ; ), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Kolkata is the cultural capital of India and the commercial capital of Eastern India. It is located in eastern India on the east bank of the Hooghly River. The Kolkata metropolitan area including suburbs has a population exceeding 15 million, making it the third most populous metropolitan area in India and one of the most populous urban areas in the world. The city is also classified as the eighth largest urban agglomeration in the world.
http://wn.com/Kolkata
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur (translated as: "muddy confluence," "muddy estuary," and "muddy city"; in English; Malay , locally or even , and often abbreviated as K.L.) is the capital and largest city of Malaysia. The city proper, making up an area of , has an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2006. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is the fastest growing metropolitan region in the country, in terms of population as well as economy.
http://wn.com/Kuala_Lumpur
Kyoto
http://wn.com/Kyoto
L.A. Live
L.A. Live is an entertainment complex in Downtown Los Angeles, California adjacent to the Staples Center. L.A. Live cost approximately $2.5 billion USD and was developed by Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), Wachovia Corp, and investment firm MacFarlane Partners with help from Los Angeles taxpayers. It has of apartments, ballrooms, bars, concert theatres, restaurants, movie theaters and a 54-story hotel and condominium tower, on a site.
http://wn.com/LA_Live
La Verne, California
La Verne is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 31,638 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/La_Verne_California
Lagos
http://wn.com/Lagos
Lahore
Lahore ({{lang-pa|, {{lang-ur|, ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The city lies along the Ravi River and is situated approximately from Wagah (the only road border crossing between India and Pakistan). Historically the main city of the undivided Punjab, Lahore has been a center of Muslim heritage since the Data Durbar is located here. It is often called the Garden of Mughals because of its rich Mughal heritage. It successively served as provincial/regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th century, the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are popular tourist attractions for the city. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Mughal-Gothic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office (GPO), the Lahore Museum, and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. Lahore is often referred to as the cultural heart of Pakistan, as it is the center of Pakistani arts, films and intelligentsia.
http://wn.com/Lahore
Lakeport, California
Lakeport (formerly, Forbestown, Rocky Point, Stony Point, and Tuckertown) is an incorporated city and county seat of Lake County, California. Lakeport is located on the west shore of Clear Lake, at an elevation of 1355 feet (413 m). The population was 4,820 at the time of the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Lakeport_California
Lakewood, California
Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 79,345 at the 2000 census. It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south, Bellflower on the north, Cerritos on the northeast, Cypress on the east, and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast. Major thoroughfares include Lakewood (SR 19), Bellflower, and Del Amo Boulevards and Carson and South Streets. The San Gabriel River Freeway (I-605) runs through the city's eastern regions.
http://wn.com/Lakewood_California
Las Vegas, Nevada
:This article is about the city of Las Vegas, Nevada proper, not to be confused with the Las Vegas Strip or the Las Vegas metropolitan area. For other uses of "Las Vegas", see Las Vegas (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Las_Vegas_Nevada
Lawndale, California
Lawndale is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 31,711 according to the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Lawndale_California
Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
http://wn.com/Lebanon
Lennox, California
Lennox is a census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 22,950 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Lennox_California
Lima
http://wn.com/Lima
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Lithuania
Llano, California
Llano is an unincorporated town located in Los Angeles County, California. The town has a population of about 1200.
http://wn.com/Llano_California
Lomita, California
Lomita is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 20,046 at the 2000 census. Lomita is Spanish for "little knoll".
http://wn.com/Lomita_California
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
http://wn.com/Los_Angeles
Los Angeles County
http://wn.com/Los_Angeles_County
Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville (usually ; see Pronunciation below) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kentucky, and the county seat of Jefferson County. Since 2003, the city's borders have been with those of the county because of a city-county merger. The city's estimated population as of 2009 was 721,594 (consolidated; balance total is 566,503), with a population of 1,266,454 in the Louisville metropolitan area. An important internal shipping port in the 19th century, Louisville is today most well known for the Kentucky Derby, the widely watched first race of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.
http://wn.com/Louisville_Kentucky
Loyola Law School
Loyola Law School is the law school of Loyola Marymount University, a private Jesuit school in Los Angeles, California. Loyola was established in 1920. Like Loyola University Chicago School of Law and Loyola University New Orleans College of Law (separate and unaffiliated institutions), it is named in honor of St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits. The Frank Gehry-designed campus, is located in the Pico-Union neighborhood just west of downtown Los Angeles, and is separate from the Westchester main university campus.
http://wn.com/Loyola_Law_School
Lusaka
Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau of the country, at an elevation of 1279 m. It has a population of 3,100,000 (2007 estimate). It is a commercial centre as well as the centre of government, and the four main highways of Zambia radiate north, south, east and west from it. The two main languages spoken in Lusaka are English and Nyanja.
http://wn.com/Lusaka
Machado, California
Machado is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 13 feet (4 m). Machado still appeared on USGS maps as of 1934.
http://wn.com/Machado_California
Madera, California
Madera is a city in and the county seat of Madera County, California, United States. It is a principal city of the Madera–Chowchilla Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Madera County. It is located in California's San Joaquin Valley. As of 2009, the city's population is about 56,710. The City of Madera is home to the Madera Unified School District.
http://wn.com/Madera_California
Makati
http://wn.com/Makati
Malibu, California
Malibu is an affluent, beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 12,575. Malibu consists of a strip of Pacific coastline. The community is famous for its warm, sandy beaches, and for being the home of most movie stars and others associated with the entertainment industry. Signs around the city proclaim "27 miles of scenic beauty", referring to Malibu's original length of before it was incorporated in 1991.
http://wn.com/Malibu_California
Manchester
Manchester () is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2009, the population of the city was estimated to be 483,800, making it the seventh-most populous local authority district in England. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas; the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester had an estimated population of 2,600,100, the Greater Manchester Urban Area a population of 2,240,230, and the Larger Urban Zone around Manchester, the second-most-populous in the UK, had an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2,539,100. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian.
http://wn.com/Manchester
Mariposa, California
Mariposa (formerly Logtown) is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Mariposa County, California, United States. The population was 1,373 at the 2000 census. Its name is Spanish and Portuguese for "butterfly", after the flocks of Monarchs seen there by early explorers.
http://wn.com/Mariposa_California
Martinez, California
http://wn.com/Martinez_California
Maywood, California
Maywood is a small working class city in Los Angeles County, California, with a population of more than 30,000. At 1.14 square miles, Maywood is the third-smallest incorporated city in Los Angeles County. As of July 1, 2010, Maywood became the first municipality in California and perhaps anywhere, to dismantle its police department, lay off all city employees, except for the city manager, city attorney and elected officials, and contract with outside agencies for provision of all municipal services, historically, a move apparently unprecedented among California cities." Maywood is now billing itself as the first American city to outsource all of its city services.
http://wn.com/Maywood_California
Melbourne
http://wn.com/Melbourne
Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers.
http://wn.com/Memphis_Tennessee
Merced, California
Merced is a city in, and the county seat of, Merced County, California in the San Joaquin Valley of Central California. As of 2007, the city had a population of 80,608. Incorporated in 1889, Merced is a charter city that operates under a council-manager government. It is named after the Merced River, which flows nearby.
http://wn.com/Merced_California
Mesa, Arizona
Mesa ( ) is a city in Maricopa County, in the U.S. state of Arizona and is a suburb located about 20 miles east of Phoenix. Mesa is in the East Valley section of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. It is bordered by Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler and Gilbert on the south, and Apache Junction on the east.
http://wn.com/Mesa_Arizona
Metro Manila
http://wn.com/Metro_Manila
Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
http://wn.com/Mexico
Mexico City
http://wn.com/Mexico_City
Miami
Miami ( or ) is a major city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida, and the eighth-most populous county in the United States, with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city in the United States, with a population of 433,136, it is the principal, central and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area. According to United Nations estimates, the Miami Urbanized Area was the fifth most populous urbanized area in the U.S. in 2000 with a population of 4,919,036, but in 2008 that number increased to 5,232,342, making it the fourth-largest urbanized area in the United States, behind New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago.
http://wn.com/Miami
Milwaukee
http://wn.com/Milwaukee
Minneapolis
Minneapolis (), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City," is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the U.S. state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
http://wn.com/Minneapolis
Modesto, California
Modesto is the county seat of Stanislaus County, California. With a population of approximately 211,156 as of April 2009, Modesto ranks as the 17th largest city in the state of California. Modesto is located in Northern California, 92 miles east of San Francisco, 68 miles south of the state capital of Sacramento and 66 miles west of Yosemite National Park. Modesto, a 29-time Tree City USA honoree, is surrounded by rich farmland, lending to a ranking for the county as 6th among all California counties in farm production. Led by milk, almonds, chickens, cattle, and walnuts, the county grossed nearly $2.5 billion in agricultural production in 2007.
http://wn.com/Modesto_California
Monrovia, California
Monrovia is a city located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 36,929 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Monrovia_California
Montreal
http://wn.com/Montreal
Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
http://wn.com/Moscow
Mulholland Drive
Mulholland Drive is a road in Los Angeles, California, United States, named after engineer William Mulholland. A portion of it is also called Mulholland Highway.
http://wn.com/Mulholland_Drive
Mumbai
Mumbai (; , ', ), previously known as Bombay' (), is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the second most populous city in the world, with a population of approximately 14 million. The official language of Mumbai is Marathi. But many other languages are also widely used, particularly the Mumbaiian Hindi''. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. As of 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South or Central Asia.
http://wn.com/Mumbai
Murrieta, California
Murrieta is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States. The population of Murrieta was estimated 100,173 in 2008.In the eight years leading up to the 2008 estimate, Murrieta experienced a 130% population increase, making Murrieta one of the fastest growing cities in the state as it's population was estimated at 44,282 in the year 2000. Largely residential in character, Murrieta is considered a Commuter town, with large numbers of its residents commuting to jobs in San Diego and Orange counties, the more industrialized neighboring city of Temecula to the south, and to Camp Pendleton.
http://wn.com/Murrieta_California
Nagoya
is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan.
http://wn.com/Nagoya
Napa, California
Napa is the county seat of Napa County, California. It is the principal city of the Napa county Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Napa county. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 72,585. The area was settled in the 1830s. It was incorporated as a city in 1872.
http://wn.com/Napa_California
Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville is the capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in Davidson County, in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, music, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home to a large number of colleges and universities.
http://wn.com/Nashville_Tennessee
Nazi Germany
http://wn.com/Nazi_Germany
Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands
New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/New_Zealand
Northern California
Northern California is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California.
http://wn.com/Northern_California
Norwalk, California
Norwalk is a suburban city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 103,298 at the 2000 census. In 2009 the population was 107,698.
http://wn.com/Norwalk_California
Oakland
http://wn.com/Oakland
Oakland, California
Oakland () is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of California. It is a major West Coast port, located on San Francisco Bay, about 8 miles (13 km) east of San Francisco. Oakland is a major hub city for the Bay Area subregion collectively called the East Bay, and it is the county seat of Alameda County. Based on United States Census Bureau estimates for 2010, Oakland is the 41st-largest city in the USA with a population of 446,901.
http://wn.com/Oakland_California
Oberg, California
Oberg is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 1047 feet (319 m). Oberg appeared on USGS maps as of 1933.
http://wn.com/Oberg_California
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City is the capital and the largest city in the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's estimated population, as of 2008, was 551,789, with an estimated metro-area population of 1,206,142. In 2008, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,275,758 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas are rural or suburban. The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area which includes consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county (or, in the case of Alaska, a borough, or in the case of Louisiana, a parish). The city is the largest city and metro area in population of the traditional 'plains states' as well as the South Central United States outside of Texas.
http://wn.com/Oklahoma_City
Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha () is the largest city in the state of Nebraska, United States, and is the county seat of Douglas County. It is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 20 miles (30 km) north of the mouth of the Platte River. Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha. It is located 190 miles north of Kansas City, Missouri.
http://wn.com/Omaha_Nebraska
Ontario, California
Ontario is a city located in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of the 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 170,373. It is the home of LA/Ontario International Airport and the Ontario Mills. It is also the former home of the Ontario Motor Speedway. It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey. They named the settlement after their home province of Ontario, Canada.
http://wn.com/Ontario_California
Orange, California
The City of Orange is located in Orange County, California. It is approximately 3 miles (6 kilometers) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in that many of the homes in its Old Town District were built prior to 1920; whereas many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small affluent city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange.
http://wn.com/Orange_California
Oregon
Oregon ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern boundaries, respectively. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers, and settlers who formed an autonomous government in Oregon Country in 1843; the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, and Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859. Salem is the state's capital and third-most-populous city; Portland is the most populous. Portland is the 30th-largest U.S. city, with a population of 582,130 (2009 estimate) and a metro population of 2,241,841 (2009 estimate), the 23rd-largest U.S. metro area.
http://wn.com/Oregon
Oroville, California
Oroville (formerly, Ophir City) is the county seat of Butte County, California. The population was 13,004 at the 2000 census, and it is one of the faster growing towns in California, with an 11.9% increase in population from 2000 to June 2007. The national average population increase is less than one percent. The Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California is headquartered here.
http://wn.com/Oroville_California
Osaka
http://wn.com/Osaka
Oxnard, California
Oxnard () is the 121st largest city in the United States, 21st largest city in California and largest city in Ventura County, California by way of population. It is located at the western edge of the fertile Oxnard Plain, and is an important agricultural center, with its distinction as the strawberry and lima bean capital of California. Founded in 1903, it is home to nearly 200,000 citizens (192,997) and is the largest city in the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area.
http://wn.com/Oxnard_California
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
http://wn.com/Pacific_Ocean
Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan
Palmdale, California
Palmdale is a city located in the north-central reaches of Los Angeles County, California, United States.
http://wn.com/Palmdale_California
Palos Verdes
Palos Verdes is a name often used to refer to a group of coastal cities in the Palos Verdes Hills on the Palos Verdes Peninsula, within southwestern Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California.
http://wn.com/Palos_Verdes
Pasadena, California
Pasadena () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is the home of many leading scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena City College (PCC), NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Art Center College of Design, the Pasadena Playhouse, California School of Culinary Arts Pasadena, the Norton Simon Museum of Art and the Pacific Asia Museum. As of 2009, the estimated population of Pasadena is 143,667, making it the 168th largest city in the United States. Pasadena is the seventh largest city in Los Angeles County, and the first to be incorporated in Los Angeles CountyIt is one of the main cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley and is the setting of many TV shows including Brothers & Sisters and The Big Bang Theory.
http://wn.com/Pasadena_California
Petaluma, California
http://wn.com/Petaluma_California
Philadelphia
Philadelphia () is the largest city in Pennsylvania, sixth-most-populous city in the United States and the fifty-first most populous city in the world.
http://wn.com/Philadelphia
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines
Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix ( , O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdoh, Mojave ''Hachpa 'Anya Nyava) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the fifth most populated city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,601,587 people according to the 2009 estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau, and is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area (also known as the Valley of the Sun''), the 12th largest metro area by population in the United States with more than 4.3 million people. In addition, Phoenix is the county seat of Maricopa County, and is one of the largest cities in the United States by land area.
http://wn.com/Phoenix_Arizona
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland
Pomona, California
Pomona is the fifth largest city in Los Angeles County, California (after Los Angeles, Long Beach, Glendale, and Santa Clarita).
http://wn.com/Pomona_California
Portland, Oregon
Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers in the state of Oregon. As of July 2009, it has an estimated population of 582,130, making it the 30th most populous in the United States. Portland is Oregon's most populous city, and the third most populous city in the Pacific Northwest, after Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Approximately 2.2 million people live in the Portland metropolitan area (MSA), the 23rd most populous in the United States as of July 2006.
http://wn.com/Portland_Oregon
Quincy, California
Quincy is a census-designated place and the county seat of Plumas County, California. The population was 1,879 at the 2000 census. Quincy is named after the city of Quincy, Illinois. The town is noted as being the home of the High Sierra Music Festival, which is celebrating its 20th year in 2010. The Quincy Chamber of Commerce is sponsoring their first annual Crawfish Festival on Father's Day June 2010. Quincy is also the home town of Major League Baseball utility outfielder, Jason Ellison, who was born in Quincy in 1978.
http://wn.com/Quincy_California
Redding, California
Redding is a city in Northern California. It is the county seat of Shasta County, California, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 80,865.
http://wn.com/Redding_California
Redwood Empire
http://wn.com/Redwood_Empire
Richmond, California
Richmond () is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 7, 1905. It is located in the East Bay, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is a residential inner suburb of San Francisco, as well as the site of heavy industry, which has been undergoing a shift towards a service and commercial economy since the 1970s. Richmond almost completely surrounds the city of San Pablo and the unincorporated areas of North Richmond, El Sobrante and East Richmond Heights. The city has a reputation for being crime plagued, although as a large city this problem is centralized in the urban core with many parts of Richmond having low crime. Richmond is known for its crime because of all the gangs and low educated people there. The city's own police department has described the city as having a chronic violent crime problem for "decades".
http://wn.com/Richmond_California
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ("River of January", ; ), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, 6th largest in the Americas and 26th in the world.
http://wn.com/Rio_de_Janeiro
Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
http://wn.com/Rome
Rosemead, California
Rosemead is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of 2009, it has a population of approximately 57,594. Rosemead is part of a cluster of cities, along with Arcadia, Temple City, Monterey Park, San Marino, and San Gabriel, in the west San Gabriel Valley with a growing Asian population.
http://wn.com/Rosemead_California
Ruhr
http://wn.com/Ruhr
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia
Sacramento Valley
The Sacramento Valley is the portion of the California Central Valley that lies to the north of the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta in the U.S. state of California. It encompasses all or parts of ten counties.
http://wn.com/Sacramento_Valley
Saint Petersburg
http://wn.com/Saint_Petersburg
Salinas, California
Salinas is the county seat and the largest municipality of Monterey County, California. Salinas is located east-southeast of the mouth of the Salinas River, at an elevation of about 52 feet (16 m) above sea level. The most current estimate from the California Department of Finance sets the 2006 population at about 148,350, showing a small decline since the year 2000. The mostly suburban city is located at the mouth of the Salinas Valley roughly eight miles from the Pacific Ocean and enjoys a mild climate. The city consists mostly of late 20th century single family homes, some low-level apartment, ranging from modest bungalows to spacious luxury homes. The climate is also ideal for the floral industry and grape vineyards planted by world-famous vintners. Salinas is known for being an agricultural center and also for being the hometown of the noted writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate John Steinbeck, who based several of his novels here.
http://wn.com/Salinas_California
Salvador, Bahia
http://wn.com/Salvador_Bahia
San Andreas Fault
The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that runs a length of roughly through California in the United States. The fault's motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal motion). It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.
http://wn.com/San_Andreas_Fault
San Antonio
The City of San Antonio () is the second-largest city in the American state of Texas and the seventh-largest city in the United States with a population of 1.4 million. The city is the seat of Bexar County. Located in the and the northern part of , San Antonio is the center of Tejano culture and Texas tourism. The city is characteristic of other Southwest urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city. It was the fourth-fastest growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006 and the fifth-fastest-growing from 2007 to 2008. The metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.1 million based on the 2009 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 28th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S and third in Texas.
http://wn.com/San_Antonio
San Diego
http://wn.com/San_Diego
San Diego–Tijuana
San Diego-Tijuana, also known as Tijuana-San Diego, is a binational metropolitan area, or conurbation, on the border between Mexico and the United States. surrounding the cities of San Diego, California, United States and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The region consists of San Diego County in the United States and the municipalities of Tijuana, Playas de Rosarito, and Tecate in Mexico. The total population of the region has been estimated to be just over 5 million in 2009, and 5,105,769 in 2010, making it the largest bi-national conurbation shared between the United States and Mexico.
http://wn.com/San_Diego–Tijuana
San Fernando Valley
[[Image:San Fernando Valley vista.jpg|thumb|right|400px|San Fernando Valley looking northeast; from the [http://www.lamountains.com/parks.asp?parkid=59 Top of Topanga Overlook Park] above foreground Woodland Hills]]
http://wn.com/San_Fernando_Valley
San Francisco
http://wn.com/San_Francisco
San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley () is the area of the Central Valley of California that lies south of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in Stockton. Although most of the valley is rural, it does contain urban cities and suburbs such as Fresno, Bakersfield, Visalia, Stockton, Tulare, Porterville, Turlock, Hanford, Modesto, Madera, Atwater and Merced.
http://wn.com/San_Joaquin_Valley
San Jose, California
San Jose (; meaning St. Joseph in Spanish) is the third-largest city in California, the tenth-largest in the United States, and the county seat of Santa Clara County. Anchor to the 31st-largest metropolitan area in the country, it is located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay. The San Jose/Silicon Valley area is the population center of the greater San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area (CSA), a region of nearly 7.5 million people, making it the sixth largest in the United States.
http://wn.com/San_Jose_California
San Salvador
San Salvador City is the capital and largest city of the nation of El Salvador. It is the third most populous city in Central America after Guatemala City and Managua. Home to one-half of El Salvador's wealth, the city's per capita GDP - PPP is approximately USD11,200, compared to a national average of USD5,260 (2002). The city has a long history, with origins dating back to the Spanish conquest of the Pipil tribes. The name of the capital city is the Spanish name of "Holy Savior".
http://wn.com/San_Salvador
Sandberg, California
Sandberg is the name of a post office and small surrounding community that was attached to Sandberg's lodge or inn on Southern California's Ridge Route highway, which linked the Los Angeles area to Central California from 1919 through 1933.
http://wn.com/Sandberg_California
Santa Ana Mountains
The Santa Ana Mountains are a short peninsular mountain range along the coast of Southern California in the United States. They extend for approximately 35 mi (56 km) southeast of the Los Angeles Basin largely along the border between Orange and Riverside counties.
http://wn.com/Santa_Ana_Mountains
Santa Monica Bay
Santa Monica Bay is a bight of the Pacific Ocean in southern California, United States. Its boundaries are slightly ambiguous, but it is generally considered to be the part of the Pacific within an imaginary line drawn between Point Dume, in Malibu, and the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Its eastern shore forms the western boundary of the Los Angeles Westside and South Bay regions. Although it was fed by the Los Angeles River prior to the river's catastrophic change in course in 1825, the only stream of any size now flowing into it is Ballona Creek. Other waterways draining into the bay include Malibu Creek, and Topanga Creek.
http://wn.com/Santa_Monica_Bay
Santa Monica Pier
The Santa Monica Pier is located at the foot of Colorado Avenue in Santa Monica, California and is a prominent, 100-year-old landmark.
http://wn.com/Santa_Monica_Pier
Santiago
Santiago is the Spanish name for Saint James, son of Zebedee, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus.
http://wn.com/Santiago
Savannah, California
Savannah (also, Savanna) is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It was located on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad between San Gabriel and El Monte, at an elevation of 276 feet (84 m).
http://wn.com/Savannah_California
Seattle
http://wn.com/Seattle
Seoul
{{Infobox settlement
http://wn.com/Seoul
Shanghai
http://wn.com/Shanghai
Shenzhen
http://wn.com/Shenzhen
Sibagna, California
http://wn.com/Sibagna_California
Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California, United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology companies including Apple, Google, Facebook, HP, Intel, Cisco, eBay, Adobe, Agilent, Oracle, Yahoo, Netflix, and EA. The term originally referred to the region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the area; it is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-tech sector. Despite the development of other high-tech economic centers throughout the United States and the world, Silicon Valley continues to be the leading hub for high-tech innovation and development, accounting for 1/3 of all of the venture capital investment in the United States. Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses all of the Santa Clara Valley including the city of San Jose (and adjacent communities), the southern Peninsula, and the southern East Bay.
http://wn.com/Silicon_Valley
Sonora, California
Sonora is the county seat of Tuolumne County, California. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 4,423. Sonora is the only incorporated community in Tuolumne County.
http://wn.com/Sonora_California
South Bay, San Diego
http://wn.com/South_Bay_San_Diego
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
http://wn.com/South_Korea
Southern California
Southern California (SoCal) is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles, Greater San Diego, and the Inland Empire. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego, spilling over the border into Tijuana. Southern California, along with the San Francisco Bay Area, is a major cultural and economic center for the State of California and beyond.
http://wn.com/Southern_California
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain
Spanish Empire
http://wn.com/Spanish_Empire
Split (city)
Split is the largest Dalmatian city, the second-largest urban centre in Croatia, and the seat of Split-Dalmatia County. The city is located on the shores of the Mediterranean, more specifically on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, spreading over a central peninsula and its surroundings, with its metropolitan area including the many surrounding seaside towns as well. An intraregional transport hub, the city is a link to the numerous surrounding Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula, as well as a popular tourist destination.
http://wn.com/Split_(city)
SRI International
SRI International, founded as Stanford Research Institute, is one of the world's largest contract research institutes. Based in the United States, the trustees of Stanford University established it in 1946 as a center of innovation to support economic development in the region. It was later incorporated as an independent non-profit organization under U.S. and California laws. SRI's headquarters are in Menlo Park, California, near the Stanford University campus. Curtis Carlson, Ph.D., is SRI's president and CEO. Year 2009 revenue for SRI, including its subsidiary, Sarnoff Corporation, was approximately $470 million. As of 2010, SRI and Sarnoff employ about 1,700 staff members combined.
http://wn.com/SRI_International
St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis ( or ; French: Saint-Louis or St-Louis, ) is an independent city and the second largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. The city itself has an estimated population of 354,361 and is the principal municipality of Greater St. Louis, population 2,879,934, the largest urban area in Missouri and 16th-largest in the United States.
http://wn.com/St_Louis_Missouri
Stockholm
http://wn.com/Stockholm
Stockton, California
Stockton, the county seat of San Joaquin County, is the 13th-largest city in California in population and one of the largest in area in the Central Valley. Stockton has an estimated population of 290,141, making it about the 61st largest city in the U.S. The city is located in Northern California south of the state capital of Sacramento and north of Modesto.
http://wn.com/Stockton_California
Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden
Sydney
Sydney () is the largest and most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. With an approximate population of 4.5 million in the Sydney metropolitan area the city is the largest in Oceania. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population of people from numerous places around the world.
http://wn.com/Sydney
Sylmar, Los Angeles
http://wn.com/Sylmar_Los_Angeles
Syracuse University
Syracuse University (also referred to as SU, Syracuse, or 'Cuse) is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States. Its roots can be traced back to Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1832, which also later founded Genesee College. Following several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was founded independent of the college in 1870. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it still maintains an affiliation with the United Methodist Church. Syracuse was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1966.
http://wn.com/Syracuse_University
São Paulo
http://wn.com/São_Paulo
Taipei
http://wn.com/Taipei
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan
Tehran
http://wn.com/Tehran
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: , lit. "Spring Hill"-Jaffa; , ''Tall 'Abib''), usually referred to as Tel Aviv, is the second-largest city in Israel, with an estimated population of 393,900. The city is situated on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline, with a land area of . It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, home to 3.2 million people as of 2008. The city is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality, headed by Ron Huldai. Residents of Tel Aviv are called Tel Avivians.
http://wn.com/Tel_Aviv
Temecula, California
Temecula is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States with a population of 105,029. It was incorporated on December 1, 1989.
http://wn.com/Temecula_California
Theme Building
The Theme Building is a landmark structure at the Los Angeles International Airport within the Westchester neighborhood of the city of Los Angeles. It opened in 1961, and is an example of the Mid-Century modern influenced design school known as "Googie" or "Populuxe."
http://wn.com/Theme_Building
Tianjin
(; ; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in Northeastern China and one of the five national central cities. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is thus under direct administration of the central government, and borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. In terms of urban population, it is the sixth largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area ranks 5th in the nation, only after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen.
http://wn.com/Tianjin
Tijuana
http://wn.com/Tijuana
Tokyo
http://wn.com/Tokyo
Topanga, California
Topanga is an unincorporated area in western Los Angeles County, California, USA. It is located in the Santa Monica Mountains. Occupying Topanga Canyon, it is often referred to by that name. Topanga is 12,748 acres (52 km2) in size, and is bounded on three sides by State Park or conservancy lands, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean and a small strip of Malibu, which is the main community to the west. On the east is Pacific Palisades. Topanga has a population of 5,441 as of 2000. The ZIP code is 90290 and the area code is primarily 310, with 818 only at the north end of the canyon. It is in the 3rd County Supervisorial district.
http://wn.com/Topanga_California
Toronto
http://wn.com/Toronto
Torrance, California
Torrance is a city incorporated in 1921 and located in the South Bay (southwestern) region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Torrance has of shorefront beaches on the Pacific Ocean, quieter and less well-known by tourists than others on Santa Monica Bay, such as those of its neighbors Redondo Beach on the North and Palos Verdes Estates on the South. Torrance enjoys a moderate year-round climate with warm temperatures, sea breezes, low humidity and an average rainfall of 12.55 inches per year.
http://wn.com/Torrance_California
Tri-Valley
Tri-Valley is a triangle-shaped region in the outside of the San Francisco Bay Area. The valley is 18 miles southeast of Oakland and 33 miles from San Francisco. It is based around the cities of Pleasanton, Livermore, Dublin, San Ramon and Danville which includes Blackhawk-Camino Tassajara in the three valleys from which it takes its name: Amador Valley, Livermore Valley and San Ramon Valley. The region is well known for its Mediterranean climate, wine region, historic downtown areas and fine dining. It is a primarily affluent suburban area with a population of about 300,000.
http://wn.com/Tri-Valley
Truckee, California
Truckee is an incorporated town in Nevada County, California, United States. The population was 13,864 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Truckee_California
Tucson, Arizona
Tucson () is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States. The city is located 118 miles (188 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles (98 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. The 2009 Census Bureau estimate puts the city's population at 548,555, with a metropolitan area population at 1,023,320 as of July 1, 2008. In 2005, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. It is the largest city in southern Arizona and the second largest in the state after Phoenix. Tucson is home to the University of Arizona.
http://wn.com/Tucson_Arizona
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa () is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-largest city in the United States. With an estimated population of 389,625 in 2009, it is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 929,015 (2009) residents in the MSA and 979,721 (2009) in the CSA Tulsa's CSA is projected to reach one million between 2010 and 2012. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, and extends into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties.
http://wn.com/Tulsa_Oklahoma
Ukiah, California
Ukiah ( ; formerly, Ukiah City) is the county seat and largest city of Mendocino County, California. With its accessible location (along the U.S. Route 101 corridor several miles south of CA 20), Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County. In 1996, Ukiah was ranked the #1 best small town to live in California and the sixth-best place to live in the United States.
http://wn.com/Ukiah_California
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
Valinda, California
Valinda is a census-designated place (CDP) in the San Gabriel Valley, in Los Angeles County, California, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 21,776.
http://wn.com/Valinda_California
Vallejo, California
Vallejo ( or in English; in the original Spanish) is the largest city in Solano County, California, United States. The population was 116,760 at the 2000 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area on the northeastern shore of San Pablo Bay. Vallejo is named for General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo.
http://wn.com/Vallejo_California
Valyermo, California
Valyermo is an unincorporated town located in the Mojave Desert, in Los Angeles County, California. The town has a population of about 450.
http://wn.com/Valyermo_California
Vancouver
Vancouver () is a coastal city located in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is named for British Captain George Vancouver, who explored the area in the 1790s. The name Vancouver itself originates from the Dutch "van Coevorden", denoting somebody from Coevorden, a city in the Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Vancouver
Venice, Los Angeles
Venice is a district on the Westside of Los Angeles, California, United States. It is known for its canals, beaches and circus-like Ocean Front Walk, that features performers, fortune-tellers and vendors. Throughout the summer months, the boardwalk is actively entertaining, and this tradition continues on weekends in the winter. It is an important tourist attraction in Southern California, and has retained its popularity in part because it is an attractive location for walking and bicycling. It was home to some of Los Angeles' early beat poets and artists and has served as important cultural center of the city.
http://wn.com/Venice_Los_Angeles
Ventura, California
San Buenaventura, commonly referred to as Ventura, is the county seat of Ventura County, California, United States, incorporated in 1866. Ventura has a population of 106,744. Ventura is accessible via U.S. Route 101, State Route 33, and State Route 126.
http://wn.com/Ventura_California
Vernon, California
Vernon is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The resident population was 91 at the 2000 United States Census. It has the smallest population of any incorporated city in Southern California. Most of the city's land area is occupied by industrial facilities. Hence, it is fitting that the slogan on its official city seal is "Exclusively Industrial."
http://wn.com/Vernon_California
Vincent, California
Vincent is a census-designated place (CDP) in the central San Gabriel Valley, in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 15,097 at the 2000 census. The ZIP Code serving the census area is 91722, which is served by Covina. Vincent is named after Vincent Avenue which passes through the community.
http://wn.com/Vincent_California
Visalia, California
http://wn.com/Visalia_California
Wahoo, California
Wahoo is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 912 feet (278 m). Wahoo still appeared on USGS maps as of 1942.
http://wn.com/Wahoo_California
Walnut, California
Walnut is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population is 30,004 and its current mayor is Tom King, a former Detective from the Los Angeles Police Department.
http://wn.com/Walnut_California
Washington (state)
http://wn.com/Washington_(state)
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. (), formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for a federal district, distinct from the states, to serve as the permanent national capital. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the federal territory until an act of Congress in 1871 established a single, unified municipal government for the whole District. It is for this reason that the city, while legally named the District of Columbia, is known as Washington, D.C. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, which is located on the country's Pacific coast.
http://wn.com/Washington_DC
Watts, Los Angeles
Watts is a mostly residential neighborhood in South Los Angeles, California.
http://wn.com/Watts_Los_Angeles
West Germany
West Germany () is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG () in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period, during which Germany and Berlin were divided, ended when communist East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the eleven states of the Federal Republic of Germany. The enlarged Federal Republic of Germany with sixteen states (known simply as "Germany") is thus the continuation of the pre-1990 Federal Republic of Germany, and not its successor.
http://wn.com/West_Germany
West Hollywood
http://wn.com/West_Hollywood
West Los Angeles
http://wn.com/West_Los_Angeles
Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian (which crosses Greenwich in London, England, United Kingdom), the other half being the eastern hemisphere. It is also used, mainly in North America, to specifically refer to the Americas (or the New World) and adjacent waters, while excluding other territories that lie geographically in Western Hemisphere (parts of Africa, Europe, Antarctica, and Asia); thus, it is sometimes referred to as the American hemisphere.
http://wn.com/Western_Hemisphere
Westmont, California
Westmont is a census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 31,623 at the 2000 census. The community is an unincorporated area adjacent to South Los Angeles, which means that all services are strictly received from Los Angeles County.
http://wn.com/Westmont_California
Whittier, California
Whittier is a city in Los Angeles County, California about southeast of Los Angeles. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 83,680. It is the home of Whittier College. Like nearby Montebello, the city is considered to form part of the Gateway Cities and the southeast area of the county.
http://wn.com/Whittier_California
Wichita, Kansas
Wichita ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census its population was 344,284. The 2008 estimated population of 366,046 made it the 51st largest city in the country and the most populous city in Kansas. Wichita is located in south central Kansas on the Arkansas River.
http://wn.com/Wichita_Kansas
Willows, California
Willows (formerly, Willow) is the county seat of Glenn County, California. As the county seat, the town is a home to regional government offices, including the California Highway Patrol, California Department of Motor Vehicles and the United States Bureau of Reclamation. The population was 6,220 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Willows_California
Wilshire Boulevard
http://wn.com/Wilshire_Boulevard
Wilsona, California
Wilsona is a former settlement in Los Angeles County, California. It lay at an elevation of 2726 feet (831 m). It sill appeared on USGS maps as of 1935.
http://wn.com/Wilsona_California
Woodland, California
Woodland (formerly Yolo City) is the county seat of Yolo County, California, located approximately northwest of Sacramento, and is a part of the Sacramento - Arden-Arcade - Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was estimated to be 53,690 in 2007 by the U.S. Census Bureau.
http://wn.com/Woodland_California
Yerevan
Yerevan (, ) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the thirteenth in the history of Armenia.
http://wn.com/Yerevan
Yokohama
http://wn.com/Yokohama
Yreka, California
Yreka ( "wye-REE-ka") is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States. The population was 7,290 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Yreka_California
Zambia
The Republic of Zambia () is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of the country. The population is concentrated mainly around the Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt to the northwest.
http://wn.com/Zambia
Łódź
http://wn.com/Łódź

African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry.
http://wn.com/African_American
African-American
http://wn.com/African-American
Argentine American
Argentine Americans are citizens or residents of the United States whose origins are in the South American nation of Argentina.
http://wn.com/Argentine_American
Asian American
Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent. They comprise the third largest minority group in the United States. The most commonly used definition of Asian American is the U.S. Census Bureau definition of Asian, which includes individuals of East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian origin.
http://wn.com/Asian_American
Beijing
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http://wn.com/Beijing
Bill Bogaard
William Joseph "Bill" Bogaard (born 1938 in Sioux City, Iowa) is an American Democratic politician, and the current mayor of Pasadena, California, elected in 1999, and re-elected with an overwhelming majority of the vote (over 85%) in 2003. Bogaard is the first elected mayor of Pasadena since the 1940s, the longest serving mayor in Pasadena's history, and the only mayor to serve non-consecutive terms (Bogaard served a two-year term as mayor in the 1980s).
http://wn.com/Bill_Bogaard
Billy Graham
William Franklin "Billy" Graham, Jr. KBE (born November 7, 1918) is an American evangelical Christian evangelist. As of April 25, 2010, when he met with Barack Obama, he has been a spiritual adviser to twelve United States presidents going back to Harry S. Truman, and is number seven on Gallup's list of admired people for the 20th century. He is a Southern Baptist. He rose to celebrity status as his sermons were broadcast on radio and television.
http://wn.com/Billy_Graham
Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism
Californios
http://wn.com/Californios
Cambodian American
A Cambodian American is an American who is born, raised, or from Cambodia usually of Khmer descent but also including Chinese Cambodians, Vietnamese Cambodians, Cham people and other ethnicities of Cambodia. The term may also refer to Americans who have ancestors that are born, raised or from Cambodia.
http://wn.com/Cambodian_American
Charles E. Fuller
Charles Edward Fuller (April 25, 1887 - March 18, 1968) was an American Christian clergyman and a radio evangelist.
http://wn.com/Charles_E_Fuller
Cheryl Cox
Cheryl Cox (born 1949) is the mayor of Chula Vista, California.
http://wn.com/Cheryl_Cox
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China
Chinese American
Chinese Americans (; ) are Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of Overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. Within this community, the term Chinese American is often broadly defined to include not only immigrants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and their descendants but also immigrants and descendants of Overseas Chinese people who migrated to the United States from places as diverse as Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma, the Philippines, and Taiwan.
http://wn.com/Chinese_American
Chuck Reed
Charles Rufus "Chuck" Reed (born August 15, 1948) is the current Mayor of San Jose, California.
http://wn.com/Chuck_Reed
Chumash people
The Chumash are Native American people who historically inhabit chiefly central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles counties, extending from Morro Bay in the north to Malibu in the south. They also occupied three of the Channel Islands: Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa and San Miguel; the smaller island of Anacapa was uninhabited. Modern place names with Chumash origins include Malibu, Lompoc, Ojai, Pismo Beach, Point Mugu, Piru, Lake Castaic, Saticoy, and Simi Valley.
http://wn.com/Chumash_people
Colombian American
Colombian Americans are citizens of the United States who trace their nationality or heritage from the South American nation of Colombia. They are the largest South American ethnic group in the United States.
http://wn.com/Colombian_American
Cuban American
A Cuban American () is a United States citizen who traces his or her "national origin" to Cuba. Cuban Americans are also considered native born Americans with Cuban parents or Cuban-born persons who were raised and educated in US. Cuban Americans form the third-largest Hispanic group in the United States and also the largest group of Hispanics of European ancestry as a percentage within the group in the US.
http://wn.com/Cuban_American
David Rieff
David Rieff (; born September 28, 1952, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American nonfiction writer and policy analyst. His books have focused on issues of immigration, international conflict, and humanitarianism. He has published numerous articles in The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, Le Monde, El Pais, The New Republic, World Affairs,'' Harper's, The Atlantic Monthly, Foreign Affairs, The Nation'', and other publications.
http://wn.com/David_Rieff
Don Kurth
Donald J. Kurth, Jr. (born April 26, 1949) is a physician, businessowner, educator, and mayor of the City of Rancho Cucamonga, California. He was elected President of the Rancho Cucamonga Chamber of Commerce in 1994, Director of the Cucamonga County Water District in 1996, appointed to the Rancho Cucamonga City Council in 2002, and elected mayor of Rancho Cucamonga on November 7, 2006.
http://wn.com/Don_Kurth
Duarte, California
http://wn.com/Duarte_California
Ecuadorian American
An Ecuadorian American is any person in the United States who is of Ecuadorian ancestry. Ecuadorian Americans can be Mestizo, White, Afro-Ecuadorian, Indigenous, Mulato, or Zambo. Many Ecuadorians are of Lebanese descent. There are also sizable populations of Ecuadorians of Italian, German, Chinese, and Japanese descent.
http://wn.com/Ecuadorian_American
Ernest Gutierrez
Ernest Gutierrez is the former mayor of El Monte, California.
http://wn.com/Ernest_Gutierrez
Faisalabad
(Punjabi, lang-ur|) is a city in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It was formerly known as Lyallpur. Faisalabad is the third largest city in Pakistan after Karachi and Lahore. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has risen from 9,171 in 1901 to 179,000 in 1951 and to 2,009,000 in 1998. The larger Faisalabad district had a population of about 5.4 million in 1998.
http://wn.com/Faisalabad
Filipino American
Filipino Americans are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipino Americans, often shortened to "Fil-Ams", reside mainly in the continental United States and form significant populations in California, Hawaii, New York, New Jersey, Nevada, Washington, Florida, Alaska, Guam, and Northern Marianas.
http://wn.com/Filipino_American
Gaspar de Portolà
http://wn.com/Gaspar_de_Portolà
Gayle McLaughlin
Gayle McLaughlin () (b. 1952, Chicago, Illinois) is the Green Party mayor of the city of Richmond, California and a member of Richmond's City Council. McLaughlin was elected on November 7, 2006 by a 279-vote margin over incumbent mayor Irma A. Anderson. Richmond is, as of 2009, the largest city in the country with a Green Party mayor.
http://wn.com/Gayle_McLaughlin
Gene Scott
http://wn.com/Gene_Scott
Getty Center
[[Image:Getty USGS.jpg|thumb|right|USGS satellite image of the Getty Center. The complex of buildings at bottom right is the Museum. In addition, "a circular building to the west of the Central Garden houses the Getty Research Institute.... Two buildings to the north and east of the Arrival Plaza house the Getty Foundation, the Getty Conservation Institute, and the J. Paul Getty Trust administration offices." [http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?v=2&cp;=34.078~-118.475&style;=o&lvl;=1&sp;=Point.34.078_-118.475_Getty_Center___ Microsoft Virtual Earth view of the Center at a different angle].]]
http://wn.com/Getty_Center
Guangzhou
http://wn.com/Guangzhou
Guatemalan American
A Guatemalan American is an American of Guatemalan descent.
http://wn.com/Guatemalan_American
Harvey Hall
http://wn.com/Harvey_Hall
Honduran American
A Honduran American is an American of Honduran descent. The number of Hondurans in the U.S. in 2008 was estimated at 890,317
http://wn.com/Honduran_American
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong
Indian American
Indian Americans are Americans who are of Asian descent and have ancestors who are born and are native to Republic of India. To make a clear distinction and difference bettwen Indians of Asian origin and Indians "named as" who are Indigenous peoples of the Americas, the U.S. Census Bureau popularized the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with "American Indian".
http://wn.com/Indian_American
James T Butts Jr
http://wn.com/James_T_Butts_Jr
Janet L. Abu-Lughod
http://wn.com/Janet_L_Abu-Lughod
Japanese American
are Americans of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,204,205, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity. In the 2000 census, the largest Japanese American communities were in California with 394,896, Hawaii with 296,674, Washington with 56,210, New York with 45,237, and Illinois with 27,702. Each year, about 7,000 new Japanese immigrants enter United States ports, making up about 4% of immigration from Asia.
http://wn.com/Japanese_American
Jean Quan
http://wn.com/Jean_Quan
Jesse Lee Peterson
Jesse Lee Peterson (born May 22, 1949) is president and founder of The Brotherhood Organization of A New Destiny (BOND), an American group dedicated to a conservative agenda among African Americans. Rev. Peterson is also the Founder and President of BOND Action, Inc., a nonprofit, 501 (c) (4) organization. He has hosted a cable TV program and a syndicated radio talk show. His radio show is cited by Republican groups as an example of a black Republican message, including denounciations of affirmative action as "reverse racism". He is a member of Choose Black America, an organization of African Americans who oppose illegal immigration to the United States. He is a member of the advisory board of Project 21, an African American conservative organization, and former board member of the California Christian Coalition. Anthropologist Virginia Abernethy describes Peterson as a friend.
http://wn.com/Jesse_Lee_Peterson
Joel Wachs
Joel Wachs has been president of the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc., since 2001. He was previously an American politician from Los Angeles, California who served from 1971 to 2001 as a Los Angeles City Councilman.
http://wn.com/Joel_Wachs
Juan Crespí
http://wn.com/Juan_Crespí
Junípero Serra
http://wn.com/Junípero_Serra
Katie Hafner
Katie Hafner is a journalist who writes books and articles about technology and society. She was a technology reporter at The New York Times and was a contributing editor for Newsweek. She has worked at Business Week, and has written for Esquire, Wired, The New Republic and The New York Times Magazine.
http://wn.com/Katie_Hafner
Ken Behring
Kenneth Eugene Behring (born June 13, 1928 in Freeport, Illinois) is a real-estate developer, former owner of the Seattle Seahawks football team, and philanthropist.
http://wn.com/Ken_Behring
Kevin Johnson
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Kevin_Johnson
Kevin Starr
Kevin Starr (born 1940 ) is an American historian, best-known for his multi-volume series on the history of California, collectively called "America and the California Dream".
http://wn.com/Kevin_Starr
Korean American
Korean Americans (Korean: , Hanja: , Hangukgye Migukin) are Americans of Korean descent (both South and North). The Korean American community is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Chinese American, Filipino American, Indian American, and Vietnamese American communities. The United States is home to the second largest Korean diaspora community in the world after China.
http://wn.com/Korean_American
Lillian Faderman
Lillian Faderman (born 1940) is a scholar whose books on lesbian relationships in history have earned critical praise and awards. Faderman is a professor of English at California State University in Fresno, California.
http://wn.com/Lillian_Faderman
Marc Reisner
Marc Reisner (September 14, 1948 - July 21, 2000) was an American environmentalist and writer best known for his book Cadillac Desert, a history of water management in the American West.
http://wn.com/Marc_Reisner
Mayor of Los Angeles
http://wn.com/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles
Mexican American
Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican descent or Mexicans who have obtained American citizenship. Mexican Americans account for more than 12.5% of the United States' population: 30.7 million Americans listed their ancestry as Mexican as of 2006, forming about 64% of all Hispanics and Latinos in the United States. The United States is home to the second largest Mexican community in the world, second only to Mexico itself. Most Mexican Americans are the descendants of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico and/or Europeans, especially Spaniards. Mexican American settlement concentrations are in metropolitan and rural areas across the United States.
http://wn.com/Mexican_American
Mike Davis (scholar)
Mike Davis (born 1946) is an American social commentator, urban theorist, historian, and political activist. He is best known for his investigations of power and social class in his native Southern California.
http://wn.com/Mike_Davis_(scholar)
Nicaraguan American
http://wn.com/Nicaraguan_American
Non-Hispanic whites
http://wn.com/Non-Hispanic_whites
Paul Glover
Paul Glover (born July 18, 1947) is a community organizer currently based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has been adjunct faculty at Temple University and founder of the [http://www.phillyorchards.org/ Philly Orchard Project (POP)]. He is editor of [http://www.greenjobsphilly.org/news/ Green Jobs Philly News].
http://wn.com/Paul_Glover
Paul Tagliabue
Paul John Tagliabue (born November 24, 1940) is a former Commissioner of the National Football League. He took the position in 1989 and was succeeded by Roger Goodell, who was elected to the position on August 8, 2006. Tagliabue's retirement took effect on September 1, 2006. He had previously served as a lawyer for the NFL.
http://wn.com/Paul_Tagliabue
Peruvian American
A Peruvian American is an immigrant or descendant of immigrants from Peru that arrived in the United States. Among Peruvian Americans there are those of White, mestizo, Amerindian, and Afro-Peruvian descent, as well as others, including Italian, French, and German or a mix of any of these. A significant number are of pure or mixed Chinese or/and Japanese heritage.
http://wn.com/Peruvian_American
Puerto Rican people
http://wn.com/Puerto_Rican_people
Pío Pico
http://wn.com/Pío_Pico
Robert Bruegmann
Robert Bruegmann is an historian of architecture, landscape and the built environment. He is a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, a specialist on the Chicago school (architecture), and best known for his research on the architectural firm of Holabird & Root. He is also a commentator on urban sprawl.
http://wn.com/Robert_Bruegmann
Robert P. Shuler
Robert Pierce "Fighting Bob" Shuler, Sr. (1880 – September 11, 1965), was an American evangelist and political figure. His radio broadcasts from his Southern Methodist church in Los Angeles, California, during the 1920s and early 1930s attracted a large audience and also drew controversy with his attacks on politicians, police officials, Catholics, Jews and African Americans. In 1931, the Federal Radio Commission revoked Shuler's broadcast license. He ran for the United States Senate in 1932 on the Prohibition Party ticket and attracted more than 500,000 votes.
http://wn.com/Robert_P_Shuler
Rodolfo Acuña
http://wn.com/Rodolfo_Acuña
Roger Mahony
Roger Michael Mahony (born February 27, 1936) is an American cardinal in the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church. He is the fourth and current Archbishop of Los Angeles and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1991.
http://wn.com/Roger_Mahony
Ronald O. Loveridge
Ronald O. Loveridge is the current mayor of Riverside, California, United States. He resides in Riverside with his wife Marsha and has two adult children. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of the Pacific and his doctorate from Stanford and teaches a Political Science course at UC Riverside.
http://wn.com/Ronald_O_Loveridge
Salvadoran American
Salvadoran Americans are citizens or residents of the United States of Salvadoran descent. As of 2008 there are roughly 1.6 million Salvadoran Americans in the United States, the fourth largest Hispanic community by nation of ancestry.
http://wn.com/Salvadoran_American
Shanghai
http://wn.com/Shanghai
Sukhee Kang
http://wn.com/Sukhee_Kang
Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Taiwan
Thai American
A Thai American is an American of Thai descent.
http://wn.com/Thai_American
Tianjin
(; ; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in Northeastern China and one of the five national central cities. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is thus under direct administration of the central government, and borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. In terms of urban population, it is the sixth largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area ranks 5th in the nation, only after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen.
http://wn.com/Tianjin
Tom Bates
:For the Gunpowder Plot conspirator, see Thomas Bates.
http://wn.com/Tom_Bates
Vietnamese American
http://wn.com/Vietnamese_American
Wendy Greuel
http://wn.com/Wendy_Greuel
White American
Wendy Jane Greuel (born May 23, 1961) is the 8th and current Los Angeles City Controller and former President Pro Tempore of the Los Angeles City Council representing the 2nd District, which includes portions of the San Fernando Valley.
http://wn.com/White_American
William Mulholland
White American (often used interchangeably with "Caucasian American" and, within the United States, simply "white") is an umbrella term officially employed by some U.S. government agencies, per standards issued by the Office of Management and Budget, for the classification of United States citizens or resident aliens "having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa". Like all U.S. racial categories, White American has a "Not Hispanic or Latino" and a "Hispanic or Latino" component, the latter consisting mostly of White Mexican Americans.
http://wn.com/William_Mulholland

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"L.A." redirects here. For other uses, see La.

This article is about the U.S. city. For other uses, see Los Angeles (disambiguation).

Los Angeles

— City —

City of Los Angeles

Downtown Los Angeles, Venice, Griffith Observatory, Hollywood Sign

Flag

Seal

Nickname(s): L.A., the City of Angels,^[1] Angeltown,^[2] La-La Land^[3]

Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California

Los Angeles

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 34°03′N 118°15′W / 34.05°N 118.25°WCoordinates: 34°03′N 118°15′W / 34.05°N 118.25°W

Country

United States

State

California

County

Los Angeles

Settled

September 4, 1781

Incorporated

April 4, 1850

Government

• Type

Mayor-Council

• Body

Los Angeles City Council

• Mayor

Antonio Villaraigosa

• City Attorney

Carmen Trutanich

• City Controller

Wendy Greuel

Area^[4]

• City

502.693 sq mi (1,301.970 km²)

• Land

468.670 sq mi (1,213.850 km²)

• Water

34.023 sq mi (88.119 km²) 6.77%

Elevation

233 (city hall) ft (71 m)

Population (2010)

• City

3,792,621

• Rank

(2nd US, 48th World)

• Density

8,092.30/sq mi (3,124.45/km²)

• Metro

12,828,837

• CSA

17,786,419

2010 United States Census

Demonym

Angeleno

Time zone

PST (UTC-8)

• Summer (DST)

PDT (UTC−7)

ZIP code

90001–90068, 90070–90084, 90086–90089, 90091, 90093–90097, 90099, 90101–90103, 90174, 90185, 90189, 90291-90293, 91040–91043, 91303–91308, 91342–91349, 91352–91353, 91356–91357, 91364–91367, 91401–91499, 91601–91609

Area code(s)

213, 310/424, 323, 661, 747/818

Website

lacity.org

Los Angeles (ⁱ/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City.^[5] It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km²), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world^[6] and the second largest in the United States.^[7] Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties^[8] in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities.^[9] The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".^[10]

Los Angeles was founded on September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve.^[11] It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence.^[12] In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States.^[13] Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood.^[14]

Nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is a leading world center of business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, and education, and has been ranked the third richest city and fifth most powerful and influential city in the world.^[15]^[16] The city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area (CSA) has a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $831 billion (as of 2008), making it the third largest economic center in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas.^[17] As the home base of Hollywood, it is also known as the "Entertainment Capital of the World," leading the world in the creation of television production, video games, and recorded music. The importance of the entertainment business to the city has led many celebrities to call Los Angeles and its surrounding suburbs home. Additionally, Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984.

History [link]

Historical Affiliations

Spanish Empire 1781–1821
First Mexican Empire 1821–1823
United Mexican States 1823–1848
United States of America 1848–present

Main article: History of Los Angeles

The old city plaza, 1869

Los Angeles City Hall, shown here in 1931, was built in 1928 and was the tallest structure in the city until 1964, when height restrictions were removed.

The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva (or Gabrieleños) and Chumash Native American tribes thousands of years ago. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, a Portuguese-born explorer, claimed the area of southern California for the Spanish Empire in 1542.^[18] Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2, 1769.^[19]

In 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcangel, the first mission in the area.^[20] On September 4, 1781, a group of forty-four settlers known as "Los Pobladores" founded the pueblo called "La Reyna de los Angeles", named for Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula (Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of the Porciúncula River).^[21] Two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with African, Amerindian, and European ancestry.^[22] The settlement remained a small ranch town for decades, but by 1820 the population had increased to about 650 residents.^[23] Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the historic district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street, the oldest part of Los Angeles.^[24]

New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, and the pueblo continued as a part of Mexico. During Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico, made Los Angeles Alta California's regional capital. Mexican rule ended during the Mexican–American War: Americans took control from the Californios after a series of battles, culminating with the signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga on January 13, 1847.^[25]

Railroads arrived with the completion of the Southern Pacific line to Los Angeles in 1876.^[26] Oil was discovered in 1892, and by 1923, the discoveries had helped California become the country's largest oil producer, accounting for about one-quarter of the world's petroleum output.^[27]

By 1900, the population had grown to more than 102,000,^[28] putting pressure on the city's water supply.^[29] The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, under the supervision of William Mulholland, assured the continued growth of the city.^[30]

In 1910, not only had the city of Los Angeles annexed Hollywood, but there were already at least 10 movie companies operating in the city. By 1921, more than 80 percent of the world's film industry was concentrated in L.A.^[31] The money generated by the industry kept the city insulated from much of the economic pain suffered by the rest of the country during the Great Depression.^[32] By 1930, the population surpassed one million.^[33] In 1932, the city hosted the Summer Olympics.

The Los Angeles Coliseum hosted the Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984.

Following the end of World War II, Los Angeles grew more rapidly than ever, sprawling into the San Fernando Valley.^[34] In 1969, Los Angeles became one of the birthplaces of the Internet, as the first ARPANET transmission was sent from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to SRI in Menlo Park.^[35]

In 1984, the city hosted the Summer Olympic Games for the second time. Despite being boycotted by 14 Communist countries, the 1984 Olympics became more financially successful than any previous,^[36] and the second Olympics to turn a profit until then – the other, according to an analysis of contemporary newspaper reports, being the 1932 Summer Olympics, also held in Los Angeles.^[37]

Racial tensions erupted on April 29, 1992, with the acquittal by a Simi Valley jury of the police officers captured on videotape beating Rodney King, culminating in large-scale riots.^[38] In 1994, the 6.7 Northridge earthquake shook the city, causing $12.5 billion in damage and 72 deaths.^[39] The century ended with the Rampart scandal, one of the most extensive documented cases of police misconduct in American history.^[40]

In 2002, voters defeated efforts by the San Fernando Valley and Hollywood to secede from the city.^[41]

Geography [link]

Topography [link]

The Los Angeles Basin

Los Angeles is irregularly shaped and covers a total area of 502.7 square miles (1,302 km²), comprising 468.7 square miles (1,214 km²) of land and 34.0 square miles (88 km²) of water.^[4] The city extends for 44 miles (71 km) longitudinally and for 29 miles (47 km) latitudinally. The perimeter of the city is 342 miles (550 km).

Los Angeles is both flat and hilly. The highest point in the city is 5,074 ft (1,547 m) Mount Lukens,^[42]^[43] located at the northeastern end of the San Fernando Valley. The eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains stretches from Downtown to the Pacific Ocean and separates the Los Angeles Basin from the San Fernando Valley. Other hilly parts of Los Angeles include the Mt. Washington area north of Downtown, eastern parts such as Boyle Heights, the Crenshaw district around the Baldwin Hills, and the San Pedro district.

Mallards on the Los Angeles River

The Los Angeles River, which is largely seasonal, is the primary drainage channel. It was straightened and lined in 51 miles of concrete by the Army Corps of Engineers to act as a flood control channel.^[44] The river begins in the Canoga Park district of the city, flows east from the San Fernando Valley along the north edge of the Santa Monica Mountains, and turns south through the city center, flowing to its mouth in the Port of Long Beach at the Pacific Ocean. The smaller Ballona Creek flows into the Santa Monica Bay at Playa del Rey.

MacArthur Park

The Los Angeles area is rich in native plant species due in part to a diversity in habitats, including beaches, wetlands, and mountains. The most prevalent botanical environment is coastal sage scrub,^[45] which covers the hillsides in combustible chaparral. Native plants include: California poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, Coast Live Oak, and Giant Wildrye. Many of these native species, such as the Los Angeles sunflower, have become so rare as to be considered endangered. Though it is not native to the area, the official tree of Los Angeles is the Coral Tree (Erythrina caffra)^[46] and the official flower of Los Angeles is the Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia reginae).^[47] Mexican Fan Palms, California Fan Palms, and Canary Island Palms can be seen throughout the Los Angeles area, despite the latter being non-indigenous to Southern California.

Geology [link]

Los Angeles is subject to earthquakes due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The geologic instability has produced numerous faults, which cause approximately 10,000 earthquakes annually.^[48] One of the major faults is the San Andreas Fault. Located at the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, it is predicted to be the source of Southern California's next big earthquake.^[49] Major earthquakes to have hit the Los Angeles area include the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake, the 1971 San Fernando earthquake near Sylmar, and the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Nevertheless, all but a few quakes are of low intensity and are not felt.^[48] The Los Angeles basin and metropolitan area are also at risk from blind thrust earthquakes.^[50] Parts of the city are also vulnerable to tsunamis; harbor areas were damaged by waves from the Valdivia earthquake in 1960.^[51]

Climate [link]

Main article: Climate of the Los Angeles Basin

Echo Park as seen with palm trees

Los Angeles has a Subtropical-Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb on the coast, Csa inland), and receives just enough annual precipitation to avoid Köppen's BSh (semi-arid climate) classification. Los Angeles has plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually.^[52]

The average annual temperature in downtown is 66 °F (19 °C): 75 °F (24 °C) during the day and 57 °F (14 °C) at night. In the coldest month, January, the temperature typically ranges from 59 to 73 °F (15 to 23 °C) during the day and 45 to 55 °F (7 to 13 °C) at night. In the warmest month – August – the temperature typically ranges from 79 to 90 °F (26 to 32 °C) during the day and around 64 °F (18 °C) at night. Temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on a dozen or so days in the year, from one day a month in April, May, June and November to three days a month in July, August, October and to five days in September.^[52] Temperatures are subject to substantial daily swings; in inland areas the difference between the average daily low and the average daily high is over 30 °F (17 °C).^[53] The average annual temperature of the sea is 63 °F (17 °C), from 58 °F (14 °C) in January to 68 °F (20 °C) in August.^[54] Hours of sunshine total more than 3,000 per year, from an average of 7 hours of sunshine per day in December to an average of 12 in July.^[55]

The Los Angeles area is also subject to phenomena typical of a microclimate, causing extreme variations in temperature in close physical proximity to each other. For instance, the average July maximum temperature at the Santa Monica Pier is 75 °F (24 °C) whereas it is 95 °F (35 °C) in Canoga Park.^[56] The city, like much of the southern California coast, is subject to a late spring/early summer weather phenomenon called "June Gloom." This involves overcast or foggy skies in the morning which yield to sun by early afternoon.^[57]

Downtown Los Angeles averages 15.14 inches (384.6 mm) of precipitation annually, which mainly occurs during the winter and spring (November through April) with generally moderate rain showers, but often as heavy rainfall and thunderstorms during winter storms. The coast gets slightly less rainfall, while the mountains get slightly more. However the San Fernando Valley Region of Los Angeles can get between 16 and 20 inches (410 and 510 mm) of rain per year. Years of average rainfall are rare; the usual pattern is bimodal, with a short string of dry years (perhaps 7–8 inches/180–200 millimetres) followed by one or two wet years that make up the average. Snowfall is extremely rare in the city basin, but the mountains within city limits typically receive snowfall every winter. The greatest snowfall recorded in downtown Los Angeles was 2 inches (5 cm) in 1932.^[58] The highest recorded temperature in downtown Los Angeles is 113 °F (45 °C) on September 27, 2010^[59] and the lowest recorded temperature is 24 °F (−4 °C) on December 22, 1944.

Climate data for Los Angeles (Downtown), 1981-2010 normals
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	68.6 (20.3)	69.2 (20.7)	70.5 (21.4)	73.1 (22.8)	75.0 (23.9)	78.6 (25.9)	83.5 (28.6)	84.8 (29.3)	83.5 (28.6)	78.8 (26.0)	73.1 (22.8)	68.0 (20.0)	75.56 (24.20)
Daily mean °F (°C)	59.2 (15.1)	60.2 (15.7)	61.7 (16.5)	64.3 (17.9)	67.0 (19.4)	70.3 (21.3)	74.4 (23.6)	75.3 (24.1)	74.1 (23.4)	69.6 (20.9)	63.4 (17.4)	58.6 (14.8)	66.51 (19.17)
Average low °F (°C)	49.7 (9.8)	51.1 (10.6)	53.0 (11.7)	55.4 (13.0)	59.0 (15.0)	62.0 (16.7)	65.3 (18.5)	65.8 (18.8)	64.8 (18.2)	60.4 (15.8)	53.6 (12.0)	49.1 (9.5)	57.43 (14.13)
Precipitation inches (mm)	3.12 (79.2)	3.80 (96.5)	2.43 (61.7)	0.91 (23.1)	0.26 (6.6)	0.09 (2.3)	0.01 (0.3)	0.04 (1)	0.24 (6.1)	0.66 (16.8)	1.04 (26.4)	2.33 (59.2)	14.93 (379.2)
Avg. precipitation days	6.1	6.4	5.5	3.2	1.3	0.6	0.3	0.3	1.0	2.5	3.3	5.2	35.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours	225.3	222.5	267.0	303.5	276.2	275.8	364.1	349.5	278.5	255.1	217.3	219.4	3,254.2
Source: NOAA ^[60]

Climate data for Los Angeles (LAX, at the coast)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	65.6 (18.7)	65.8 (18.8)	65.3 (18.5)	68.0 (20.0)	69.3 (20.7)	72.6 (22.6)	75.3 (24.1)	76.8 (24.9)	76.5 (24.7)	74.3 (23.5)	70.4 (21.3)	66.7 (19.3)	70.6 (21.4)
Daily mean °F (°C)	57.1 (13.9)	58.0 (14.4)	58.3 (14.6)	60.8 (16.0)	63.1 (17.3)	66.4 (19.1)	69.3 (20.7)	70.7 (21.5)	70.1 (21.2)	66.9 (19.4)	61.6 (16.4)	57.6 (14.2)	63.3 (17.4)
Average low °F (°C)	48.6 (9.2)	50.1 (10.1)	51.3 (10.7)	53.6 (12.0)	56.9 (13.8)	60.1 (15.6)	63.3 (17.4)	64.5 (18.1)	63.6 (17.6)	59.4 (15.2)	52.7 (11.5)	48.5 (9.2)	56.1 (13.4)
Rainfall inches (mm)	2.98 (75.7)	3.11 (79)	2.40 (61)	0.63 (16)	0.24 (6.1)	0.08 (2)	0.03 (0.8)	0.14 (3.6)	0.26 (6.6)	0.36 (9.1)	1.13 (28.7)	1.79 (45.5)	13.15 (334)
Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)	6.4	6.3	6.5	2.6	1.3	0.5	0.4	0.5	1.2	2.0	3.1	4.7	35.5
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration^[61]

Climate data for Los Angeles (Canoga Park, in the San Fernando Valley)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	67.9 (19.9)	69.9 (21.1)	72.0 (22.2)	77.7 (25.4)	81.3 (27.4)	88.8 (31.6)	95.0 (35.0)	96.0 (35.6)	91.7 (33.2)	84.4 (29.1)	74.7 (23.7)	68.8 (20.4)	80.7 (27.1)
Daily mean °F (°C)	53.7 (12.1)	55.4 (13.0)	57.2 (14.0)	61.3 (16.3)	65.2 (18.4)	71.0 (21.7)	76.0 (24.4)	76.8 (24.9)	73.5 (23.1)	66.8 (19.3)	58.2 (14.6)	53.6 (12.0)	64.1 (17.8)
Average low °F (°C)	39.5 (4.2)	40.9 (4.9)	42.3 (5.7)	44.8 (7.1)	49.1 (9.5)	53.2 (11.8)	56.9 (13.8)	57.6 (14.2)	55.2 (12.9)	49.2 (9.6)	41.7 (5.4)	38.3 (3.5)	47.4 (8.6)
Rainfall inches (mm)	3.83 (97.3)	4.40 (111.8)	3.60 (91.4)	0.88 (22.4)	0.32 (8.1)	0.07 (1.8)	0.01 (0.3)	0.15 (3.8)	0.24 (6.1)	0.62 (15.7)	1.29 (32.8)	2.38 (60.5)	17.79 (451.9)
Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.01 in)	6.2	5.9	6.1	3.0	1.3	0.4	0.1	0.7	1.3	2.0	3.2	4.4	34.6
Source: NOAA^[53]

Cityscape [link]

Main article: List of districts and neighborhoods of Los Angeles

Panorama of Los Angeles as viewed from Mulholland Drive. Left to right: Santa Ana Mountains, downtown, Hollywood (foreground), Wilshire Boulevard, Port of Los Angeles, Palos Verdes Peninsula, Santa Catalina Island, and Los Angeles International Airport.

Hollywood, a well-known district of Los Angeles, is often mistaken for an independent city (as West Hollywood is).

The city is divided into over 80 districts and neighborhoods,^[62] many of which were incorporated places or communities that were annexed by the city.^[63] Greater Los Angeles includes a number of enclaves and nearby communities. Generally, the city is divided into the following areas: Downtown Los Angeles, East Los Angeles and Northeast Los Angeles, South Los Angeles, the Harbor Area, Greater Hollywood, Wilshire, the Westside, and the San Fernando and Crescenta Valleys.

Some well-known communities within Los Angeles include West Adams, Watts, Leimert Park, Baldwin Hills, Venice, the Downtown Financial District, Silver Lake, Hollywood, Koreatown, Westwood and the more affluent areas of Bel Air, Benedict Canyon, Hollywood Hills, Los Feliz, Hancock Park, Pacific Palisades, Century City, and Brentwood.

Landmarks [link]

Important landmarks in Los Angeles include Walt Disney Concert Hall, the Kodak Theatre, the Griffith Observatory, the Getty Center, the Getty Villa, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Grauman's Chinese Theatre, the Hollywood Sign, the Bradbury Building, Hollywood Boulevard, the Capitol Records Building, Los Angeles City Hall, the Hollywood Bowl, the Theme Building, the Watts Towers, Staples Center, Dodger Stadium, and La Placita Olvera/Olvera Street.

Culture [link]

Main article: Arts and culture of Los Angeles

The Dolby Theatre; venue for the Academy Awards

File:PB050006.JPG

Hollywood Sign

Los Angeles is often billed as the "Creative Capital of the World", due to the fact that one in every six of its residents works in a creative industry.^[64] According to the USC Stevens Institute for Innovation, "there are more artists, writers, filmmakers, actors, dancers and musicians living and working in Los Angeles than any other city at any time in the history of civilization."^[65]

Los Angeles is home to Hollywood, globally recognized as the epicenter of the motion picture industry. A testament to its preeminence in film, the city plays host to the annual Academy Awards, the oldest and one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world. Finally, Los Angeles is home to the USC School of Cinematic Arts, the oldest film school in the United States.^[66]

The performing arts play a major role in Los Angeles' cultural identity. According to the USC Stevens Institute for Innovation, "there are more than 1,100 annual theatrical productions and 21 openings every week."^[65] The Los Angeles Music Center is "one of the three largest performing arts centers in the nation," with more than 1.3 million visitors per year.^[67] The Walt Disney Concert Hall, centerpiece of the Music Center, is home to the prestigious Los Angeles Philharmonic. Notable organizations such as Center Theatre Group, the Los Angeles Master Chorale, and the Los Angeles Opera are also resident companies of the Music Center. Talent is locally cultivated at premier institutions such as the Colburn School and the USC Thornton School of Music.

Museums and galleries [link]

Media [link]

Main article: Media in Los Angeles

The Fox Plaza in Century City, headquarters for 20th Century Fox, is a major financial district for West Los Angeles

The major daily English-language newspaper in the area is the Los Angeles Times. La Opinión is the city's major daily Spanish-language paper, The Korea Times is the city's major daily Korean language paper, and The Los Angeles Sentinel is the city's major African-American daily paper, boasting the largest Black readership in the Western United States. Investor's Business Daily is distributed from its L.A. corporate offices, which are headquartered in Playa Del Rey. There are also a number of smaller regional newspapers, alternative weeklies and magazines, including the Daily News (which focuses coverage on the San Fernando Valley), LA Weekly, Los Angeles CityBeat, L.A. Record (which focuses coverage on the music scene in the Greater Los Angeles Area), Los Angeles magazine, Los Angeles Business Journal, Los Angeles Daily Journal (legal industry paper), The Hollywood Reporter and Variety (entertainment industry papers), and Los Angeles Downtown News. In addition to the major papers, numerous local periodicals serve immigrant communities in their native languages, including Armenian, English, Korean, Persian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Hebrew, and Arabic. Many cities adjacent to Los Angeles also have their own daily newspapers whose coverage and availability overlaps into certain Los Angeles neighborhoods. Examples include The Daily Breeze (serving the South Bay), and The Long Beach Press-Telegram.

Los Angeles and New York City are the only two media markets to have seven VHF allocations assigned to them.^[72]

Los Angeles Times Headquarters

The city has major broadcast channels as well as three PBS stations. World TV operates on two channels and the area has several Spanish-language television networks. KTBN 40 is the flagship station of the religious Trinity Broadcasting Network, based out of Santa Ana. A variety of independent television stations also operate in the area.

Sports [link]

Dodger Stadium is the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers

Los Angeles is the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball, the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League, the Los Angeles Clippers and Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, the Los Angeles D-Fenders, an NBA Development team owned by the Los Angeles Lakers, and the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association. Los Angeles is also home to the USC Trojans and the UCLA Bruins in the NCAA, both of which are Division I teams in the Pacific-12 Conference. The Los Angeles Galaxy and Club Deportivo Chivas USA of Major League Soccer are based in Carson.

Los Angeles is the second-largest city and television market in the United States, but has no NFL team. the nearest team is located in San Diego and are called the Chargers. At one time Los Angeles had two NFL teams, the Rams and the Raiders. Both left the city in 1995, with the Rams moving to St. Louis and the Raiders heading back to their original home of Oakland. Prior to 1995, the Rams called Memorial Coliseum home (1946–1979) and the Raiders played their home games at Memorial Coliseum from 1982 to 1994.

Staples Center, a premier venue for sports and entertainment, is home to five professional sports teams, most notably the Los Angeles Lakers

Since the franchise's departures the NFL as an organization, and individual NFL owners, have attempted to relocate a team to the city. Immediately following the 1995 NFL season, Seattle Seahawks owner Ken Behring went as far as packing up moving vans to start play in the Rose Bowl under a new team name and logo for the 1996 season. The State of Washington filed a lawsuit to prevent the move.^[73] In 2003, then-NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue said that he thought that Los Angeles would get a new expansion team, a thirty-third franchise, after the choice of Houston over Los Angeles in the 2002 league expansion round.^[74] Despite these efforts, and the failure to build a new stadium for an NFL team, Los Angeles is still expected to return to the league through expansion or relocation. On August 9, 2011 the LA City Council approved plans to build Farmers Field, which will become home to an NFL team in the future. The stadium is expected to be completed by 2016.^[75]

Los Angeles has twice played host to the Summer Olympic Games, in 1932 and in 1984. When the tenth Olympic Games were hosted in 1932, the former 10th Street was renamed Olympic Blvd. Super Bowls I and VII were also held in the city as well as multiple FIFA World Cup games in 1994 including the final. Los Angeles will host the Special Olympics World Summer Games in 2015.^[76]

Los Angeles also boasts a number of sports venues, including Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles Coliseum, The Forum, Staples Center, a sports and entertainment complex that also hosts concerts and awards shows such as the Grammys. Staples Center also serves as the home arena for the Los Angeles Clippers and Los Angeles Lakers of the NBA, the Los Angeles Sparks of the WNBA, and the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL. It was also home to the Los Angeles Avengers of the original AFL, a team that did not participate in that league's ongoing revival.

The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball and the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League are in the Los Angeles media market and are based in Anaheim in Orange County. The Angels began as an expansion franchise team in Los Angeles in 1961 and played at Los Angeles' Wrigley Field and then Dodger Stadium before moving to Anaheim in 1966.^[77] The Ducks, who have played in Anaheim since their inception as an expansion team in 1993, were originally owned by Disney and known as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, after the popular Disney film. The team adopted its current name in 2006, a year after Disney sold the franchise.^[78]

Religion [link]

Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels is the mother cathedral for the Los Angeles archdiocese

The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Los Angeles leads the largest archdiocese in the country.^[79] Cardinal Roger Mahony oversaw construction of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, which opened in September, 2002 in downtown Los Angeles.^[80] Construction of the cathedral marked a coming of age of the city's Catholic, heavily Latino community. There are numerous Catholic churches and parishes throughout Los Angeles.

With 621,000 Jews in the metropolitan area (490,000 in city proper), the region has the second largest population of Jews in the United States.^[81] Many of Los Angeles' Jews now live on the Westside and in the San Fernando Valley, though Boyle Heights and Northwest Los Angeles once had large Jewish populations. Many varieties of Judaism are represented in the area, including Reform, Conservative, Orthodox, and Reconstructionist. The Breed Street Shul in East Los Angeles, built in 1923, was the largest synagogue west of Chicago in its early decades.^[82] (It is no longer a sacred space and is being converted to a museum and community center.)^[83] The Kabbalah Centre also has a presence in the city.^[84]

Los Angeles has had a rich and influential Protestant tradition. The first Protestant service in Los Angeles was a Methodist meeting held in a private home in 1850 and the oldest Protestant church still operating was founded in 1867. In the early 1900s the Bible Institute Of Los Angeles published the founding documents of the Christian Fundamentalist movement and the Azusa Street Revival launched Pentecostalism. Aimee Semple McPherson broadcast over the radio in the 1920s from the Angelus Temple, home of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and its Life Pacific College. The Potter's House Christian Fellowship and Metropolitan Community Church also had their origins in the city. Billy Graham's first big success came in L.A. (in 1949) and notable ministers connected to the city include Robert P. Shuler, Charles E. Fuller, Gene Scott, Jesse Lee Peterson, and Solomon Burke. Important churches in the city include First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood, Bel Air Presbyterian Church, First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, West Angeles Church of God in Christ, Second Baptist Church, Crenshaw Christian Center, McCarty Memorial Christian Church, and First Congregational Church.

Built in 1956, the Los Angeles California Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the second largest Mormon temple in the world

The Los Angeles California Temple, the second largest temple operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is on Santa Monica Boulevard in the Westwood district of Los Angeles. Dedicated in 1956, it was the first Mormon temple built in California and it was the largest in the world when completed.^[85]

The Hollywood region of Los Angeles also has several significant headquarters, churches, and the Celebrity Center of Scientology.

Because of Los Angeles' large multi-ethnic population, a wide variety of faiths are practiced, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Sikhism, Bahá'í, various Eastern Orthodox Churches, Sufism and others. Immigrants from Asia for example, have formed a number of significant Buddhist congregations making the city home to the greatest variety of Buddhists in the world.

Economy [link]

Further information: Los Angeles County Economy

Companies such as US Bancorp, Ernst & Young, Aon, Manulife Financial, City National Bank, Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Deloitte, KPMG and the Union Bank of California have offices in the Downtown Financial District

The Financial District of Downtown Los Angeles

The economy of Los Angeles is driven by international trade, entertainment (television, motion pictures, video games, recorded music), aerospace, technology, petroleum, fashion, apparel, and tourism. Los Angeles is also the largest manufacturing center in the western United States.^[86] The contiguous ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach together comprise the fifth-busiest port in the world and the most significant port in the Western Hemisphere and is vital to trade within the Pacific Rim.^[86] Other significant industries include media production, finance, telecommunications, law, healthcare, and transportation. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area (MSA) has a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $735.7 billion (as of 2010),^[87] making it the third largest economic center in the world, after the Greater Tokyo Area and the New York-Newark-Bridgeport CSA.^[17] If counted as a country, the surrounding CSA has the 15^th largest economy in the world in terms of nominal GDP.^[88] Los Angeles has been classified an "Alpha world city" according to a 2010 study by a research group at Loughborough University in England.^[89]

The city is home to seven Fortune 500 companies. They are aerospace contractor Northrop Grumman, energy company Occidental Petroleum, healthcare provider Health Net, metals distributor Reliance Steel & Aluminum, engineering firm AECOM, real estate group CBRE Group and builder Tutor Perini.

Other companies headquartered in Los Angeles include California Pizza Kitchen, Capital Group, Capstone Turbine, The Cheesecake Factory, Cathay Bank, City National Bank, The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, DeviantArt, Far East National Bank, Farmers Insurance Group, Fox Entertainment Group, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, Guess?, Hanmi Bank, Herbalife, J2 Global Communications, The Jim Henson Company, KB Home, Korn/Ferry, Latham & Watkins, Mercury Insurance Group, Oaktree Capital Management, O’Melveny & Myers; Pabst Blue Ribbon, Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker, Premier America, Premiere Radio Networks, Rentech, Roll International, Sunkist, The TCW Group, Tokyopop, Triton Media Group, United Online, and VCA Antech.

The metropolitan area is home to the headquarters of many companies who moved outside of the City of Los Angeles to escape its high taxes and high crime rate while keeping the benefits of remaining in close proximity. For example, Los Angeles charges a gross receipts tax based on a percentage of business revenue, while many neighboring cities charge only small flat fees.^[90]

Walt Disney Concert Hall

The University of Southern California (USC) is the city's largest private sector employer and contributes $4 billion annually to the local economy.^[91]

According to the city's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top ten employers in the city as of 2009 are, in descending order, the City of Los Angeles, the County of Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Fox Entertainment Group, Farmers Insurance Group, TeamOne,and Northrop Grumman.^[92]

Education [link]

Colleges and universities [link]

Second branch of the California State Normal School in downtown Los Angeles opened its doors in 1882.

There are three public universities located within the city limits: California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA), California State University, Northridge (CSUN) and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Private colleges in the city include the American Film Institute Conservatory, Alliant International University, Syracuse University (Los Angeles Campus), American InterContinental University, American Jewish University, The American Musical and Dramatic Academy – Los Angeles campus, Antioch University's Los Angeles campus, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising's Los Angeles campus (FIDM), Los Angeles Film School, Loyola Marymount University (LMU is also the parent university of Loyola Law School located in Los Angeles), Marymount College, Mount St. Mary's College, National University of California, Occidental College ("Oxy"), Otis College of Art and Design (Otis), Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), Southwestern Law School, and University of Southern California (USC).

The community college system consists of nine campuses governed by the trustees of the Los Angeles Community College District: East Los Angeles College (ELAC), Los Angeles City College (LACC), Los Angeles Harbor College, Los Angeles Mission College, Los Angeles Pierce College, Los Angeles Valley College (LAVC), Los Angeles Southwest College, Los Angeles Trade-Technical College and West Los Angeles College.

Schools and libraries [link]

The Los Angeles Central Library in Downtown

Los Angeles Unified School District serves almost all of the city of Los Angeles, as well as several surrounding communities, with a student population around 800,000.^[93] After Proposition 13 was approved in 1978, urban school districts had considerable trouble with funding. LAUSD has become known for its underfunded, overcrowded and poorly maintained campuses, although its 162 Magnet schools help compete with local private schools.^[94] Several small sections of Los Angeles are in the Las Virgenes Unified School District. Los Angeles County Office of Education operates the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts. The Los Angeles Public Library system operates 72 public libraries in the city.^[95] Enclaves of unincorporated areas are served by the County of Los Angeles Public Library, many are within walking distance to City of Los Angeles residents.

Transportation [link]

Main article: Transportation in Los Angeles

Freeways [link]

Main article: Southern California freeways

The city and the rest of the Los Angeles metropolitan area are served by an extensive network of freeways and highways. The Texas Transportation Institute, which publishes an annual Urban Mobility Report, ranked Los Angeles road traffic as the most congested in the United States in 2005 as measured by annual delay per traveler.^[96] The average traveler in Los Angeles experienced 72 hours of traffic delay per year according to the study. Los Angeles was followed by San Francisco/Oakland, Washington, D.C. and Atlanta, (each with 60 hours of delay).^[97] Despite the congestion in the city, the mean travel time for commuters in Los Angeles is shorter than other major cities, including New York City, Philadelphia and Chicago. Los Angeles' mean travel time for work commutes in 2006 was 29.2 minutes, similar to those of San Francisco and Washington, D.C.^[98]

Among the major highways that connect LA to the rest of the nation include Interstate 5, which runs south through San Diego to Tijuana in Mexico and north through Sacramento, Portland, and Seattle to the Canadian border; Interstate 10, the southernmost east–west, coast-to-coast Interstate Highway in the United States, going to Jacksonville, Florida; and U.S. Route 101, which heads to the California Central Coast, San Francisco, the Redwood Empire, and the Oregon and Washington coasts.

Transit systems [link]

Current Los Angeles Metro Rail map showing existing and under-construction lines.

The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority and other agencies operate an extensive system of bus lines, as well as subway and light rail lines across Los Angeles County, with a combined monthly ridership (measured in individual boardings) of 38.8 million as of September, 2011. The majority of this (30.5 million) is taken up by the city's bus system,^[99] the second busiest in the country. The subway and light rail combined average the remaining roughly 8.2 million boardings per month.^[99] In 2005, 10.2% of Los Angeles commuters rode some form of public transportation.^[100]

The city's subway system is the ninth busiest in the United States and its light rail system is the country's second busiest.^[101] The rail system includes the Red and Purple subway lines, as well as the Gold, Blue, and Green light rail lines. The first phase of the Expo Line is scheduled to open on April 28, 2012. The Metro Orange Line is a bus rapid transit line with stops and frequency similar to those of a light rail. The city is also central to the commuter rail system Metrolink, which links Los Angeles to all neighboring counties as well as many suburbs.

Besides the rail service provided by Metrolink and the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Los Angeles is served by inter-city passenger trains from Amtrak. The main rail station in the city is Union Station just north of Downtown.

Airports [link]

The Theme Building at LAX

The main Los Angeles airport is Los Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX). The sixth busiest commercial airport in the world and the third busiest in the United States, LAX handled over 61 million passengers and 2 million tons of cargo in 2006. LAX is a hub for United Airlines^[102]

Other major nearby commercial airports include:

(IATA: ONT, ICAO: KONT) LA/Ontario International Airport, owned by the city of Los Angeles; serves the Inland Empire.
(IATA: BUR, ICAO: KBUR) Bob Hope Airport, formerly known as Burbank Airport; serves the San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys
(IATA: LGB, ICAO: KLGB) Long Beach Airport, serves the Long Beach/Harbor area
(IATA: SNA, ICAO: KSNA) John Wayne Airport of Orange County.

One of the world's busiest general-aviation airports is also located in Los Angeles, Van Nuys Airport (IATA: VNY, ICAO: KVNY).^[103]

Seaports [link]

A view of the Vincent Thomas Bridge reaching Terminal Island

The Port of Los Angeles is located in San Pedro Bay in the San Pedro neighborhood, approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Downtown. Also called Los Angeles Harbor and WORLDPORT LA, the port complex occupies 7,500 acres (30 km²) of land and water along 43 miles (69 km) of waterfront. It adjoins the separate Port of Long Beach.

The sea ports of the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach together make up the Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor.^[104]^[105]^[106] Together, both ports are the fifth busiest container port in the world, with a trade volume of over 14.2 million TEU's in 2008.^[107] Singly, the Port of Los Angeles is the busiest container port in the United States and the largest cruise ship center on the West Coast of the United States – The Port of Los Angeles' World Cruise Center served about 800,000 passengers in 2009.^[108]

There are also smaller, non-industrial harbors along Los Angeles' coastline. Safety is provided at the only beach controlled by Los Angeles City by the highly trained Los Angeles City lifeguards.^[109]

The port includes four bridges: the Vincent Thomas Bridge, Henry Ford Bridge, Gerald Desmond Bridge, and Commodore Schuyler F. Heim Bridge.

Passenger ferry service from San Pedro to the city of Avalon on Santa Catalina Island is provided by Catalina Express.

Demographics [link]

Main article: Demographics of Los Angeles

A view of downtown Los Angeles from the air.

Los Angeles is home to people from more than 140 countries speaking 224 different identified languages.^[110] Ethnic enclaves like Chinatown, Historic Filipinotown, Koreatown, Little Armenia, Little Ethiopia, Tehrangeles, Little Tokyo, and Thai Town provide examples of the polyglot character of Los Angeles.

2010 Census [link]

Historical populations
Year	Pop.	±%
1850	1,610	—
1860	4,385	+172.4%
1870	5,728	+30.6%
1880	11,183	+95.2%
1890	50,395	+350.6%
1900	102,479	+103.4%
1910	319,198	+211.5%
1920	576,673	+80.7%
1930	1,238,048	+114.7%
1940	1,504,277	+21.5%
1950	1,970,358	+31.0%
1960	2,479,015	+25.8%
1970	2,816,061	+13.6%
1980	2,966,850	+5.4%
1990	3,485,398	+17.5%
2000	3,694,820	+6.0%
2010	3,792,621	+2.6%
source:^[111]^[112]

Mission San Fernando Rey de España, circa 1910

The 2010 United States Census^[113] reported that Los Angeles had a population of 3,792,621.^[114] The population density was 7,544.6 people per square mile (2,913.0/km²). The racial makeup of Los Angeles included: 1,888,158 Whites (49.8%), 365,118 African Americans (9.6%), 28,215 Native Americans (0.7%), 426,959 Asians (11.3%), 5,577 Pacific Islanders (0.1%), 902,959 from other races (23.8%), and 175,635 (4.6%) from two or more races.^[114] Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1,838,822 persons (48.5%).

Non-Hispanic whites were 28.7% of the population in 2010,^[114] compared to 86.3% in 1940.^[115] Mexicans make up the largest ethnic group of Latinos at 31.9% of Los Angeles' population, followed by Salvadorans (6.0%), Guatemalans (3.6%), Hondurans (0.6%), Nicaraguans (0.4%), Puerto Rican (0.4%), Peruvians (0.4%), Cubans (0.4%), Colombians (0.3%), Argentines (0.2%), and Ecuadorians (0.2%). The Latino population is spread throughout the city of Los Angeles and its metropolitan area but it is most heavily concentrated in the East Los Angeles region, which has a long established Mexican American and Central American community.

The largest Asian ethnic groups are Filipinos (3.2%) and Koreans (2.9%), which have their own established ethnic enclaves−Koreatown in the Wilshire Center and the Historic Filipinotown. Chinese people, which make up 1.8% of Los Angeles' population, reside mostly outside of Los Angeles city limits and rather in the San Gabriel Valley of eastern Los Angeles County, but make a sizable presence in the city, notably in Chinatown. Chinatown is also home to many Thais and Cambodians, which make up 0.3% and 0.1% of Los Angeles' population, respectively. Japanese comprise 0.9% of L.A.'s population, and have an established Little Tokyo in the city's downtown, and another significant community of Japanese Americans is located in the Sawtelle district of West Los Angeles. Vietnamese make up 0.5% of Los Angeles' population. L.A. has a rather small South Asian population−Indians make up 0.9% of the city's population.

Pacific Islanders make up a scant 0.1% of Los Angeles' population, but are prevalent in southwestern Los Angeles County, namely in Long Beach and Carson, which are home to thousands of Samoan Americans.^[116]

African Americans have the largest establishment in South Los Angeles, remarkably within the industrial neighborhoods of Crenshaw and Watts.^[117] However, since the 1980s, there has been a large influx of immigration from Mexico and Central America which have outnumbered the blacks in South Los Angeles. South Los Angeles, as well as neighboring communities such as the city of Compton that were home to predominant African American populations are now transforming into Hispanic communities.^[118]

The city of Los Angeles and its metropolitan area is home to a large Middle Eastern population, in which enclaves like Little Armenia and Tehrangeles reflect these communities.

The Census reported that 3,708,020 people (97.8% of the population) lived in households, 58,186 (1.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 26,415 (0.7%) were institutionalized.

The age distribution was 874,525 people (23.1%) under 18, 434,478 people (11.5%) from 18 to 24, 1,209,367 people (31.9%) from 25 to 44, 877,555 people (23.1%) from 45 to 64, and 396,696 people (10.5%) who were 65 or older.^[114] The median age was 34.1 years. For every 100 females there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.^[114]

There were 1,413,995 housing units—up from 1,298,350 during 2005–2009^[114]—at an average density of 2,812.8 households per square mile (1,086.0/km²), of which 503,863 (38.2%) were owner-occupied, and 814,305 (61.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.1%. 1,535,444 people (40.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,172,576 people (57.3%) lived in rental housing units.

Notable people [link]

Main article: List of notable people from Los Angeles

Law and government [link]

The city is governed by a mayor-council system. The current mayor is Antonio Villaraigosa. There are 15 city council districts. Other elected city officials include the City Attorney Carmen Trutanich and the City Controller Wendy Greuel. The city attorney prosecutes misdemeanors within the city limits. The district attorney, elected by county voters, prosecutes misdemeanors in unincorporated areas and in 78 of the 88 cities in the county, as well as felonies throughout the county.

The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) polices the city of Los Angeles, but the city also maintains four specialized police agencies; The Office of Public Safety, within the General Services Department (which is responsible for security and law enforcement services at city facilities, including City Hall, city parks and libraries, the Los Angeles Zoo, and the Convention Center), the Port Police, within the Harbor Department (which is responsible for land, air and sea law enforcement services at the Port of Los Angeles), the Los Angeles City Schools Police department which handles law enforcement for all city schools, and the Airport Police, within the Los Angeles World Airports Department (which is responsible for law enforcement services at all four city-owned airports, including Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), LA/Ontario International Airport (ONT), LA/Palmdale Regional Airport (PMD), and Van Nuys Airport (VNY).

Environmental issues [link]

The name given by the Chumash tribe of Native Americans for the area now known as Los Angeles translates to "the valley of smoke."^[119] Owing to geography, heavy reliance on automobiles, and the Los Angeles/Long Beach port complex, Los Angeles suffers from air pollution in the form of smog. The Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley are susceptible to atmospheric inversion, which holds in the exhausts from road vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, shipping, manufacturing, and other sources.^[120] The smog season lasts from May to October.^[121] Unlike other large cities that rely on rain to clear smog, Los Angeles gets only 15 inches (380 mm) of rain each year: pollution accumulates over many consecutive days. Issues of air quality in Los Angeles and other major cities led to the passage of early national environmental legislation, including the Clean Air Act. More recently, the state of California has led the nation in working to limit pollution by mandating low-emission vehicles. Smog is expected to continue to drop in the coming years due to aggressive steps to reduce it, electric and hybrid cars, improvements in mass transit, and other pollution-reducing measures.

The number of Stage 1 smog alerts in Los Angeles has declined from over 100 per year in the 1970s to almost zero in the new millennium. Despite improvement, the 2006 and 2007 annual reports of the American Lung Association ranked the city as the most polluted in the country with short-term particle pollution and year-round particle pollution.^[122] In 2008, the city was ranked the second most polluted and again had the highest year-round particulate pollution.^[123] In addition, the groundwater is increasingly threatened by MTBE from gas stations and perchlorate from rocket fuel. The city met its goal of providing 20 percent of the city's power from renewable sources in 2010.^[124]

A view of Los Angeles covered in smog

Neighborhood councils [link]

Bunker Hill in L.A.

Voters created Neighborhood Councils in the Charter Reform of 1999. First proposed by City Council member Joel Wachs in 1996, they were designed to promote public participation in government and make it more responsive to local needs.

The councils cover districts that are not necessarily identical to the traditional neighborhoods of Los Angeles.

Almost ninety neighborhood councils (NCs) are certified and all "stakeholders"—meaning anyone who lives, works or owns property in a neighborhood—may vote for members of the councils' governing bodies. Some council bylaws allow other people with a stake in the community to cast ballots as well.

The councils are official government bodies and so their governing bodies and committees must abide by California's Brown Act, which governs the meetings of deliberative assemblies.

The first notable concern of the neighborhood councils collectively was the opposition by some of them in March 2004 to an 18% increase in water rates by the city's Department of Water and Power. This led the City Council to approve only a limited increase pending independent review. More recently, some of the councils petitioned the City Council in summer 2006 to allow them to introduce ideas for legislative action, but the City Council put off a decision.

The neighborhood councils have been allocated $45,000 each per year for administration, outreach and approved neighborhood projects.

Crime [link]

Sister cities [link]

A sign near City Hall points to the sister cities of Los Angeles

Los Angeles has 25 sister cities,^[133] listed chronologically by year joined:

Eilat, Israel (1959)
Nagoya, Japan (1959)
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (1962)
Bordeaux, France (1964)
Berlin, Germany (1967)
Lusaka, Zambia (1968)
Mexico City, Mexico (1969)
Auckland City, New Zealand (1971)
Busan, South Korea (1971)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (1972)
Tehran, Iran (1972)
Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (1979)
Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (1981)
Athens, Greece (1984)
Saint Petersburg, Russia (1984)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1986)
Giza, Egypt (1989)
Jakarta, Indonesia (1990)
Kaunas, Lithuania (1991)
Makati, Philippines (1992)
Split, Croatia (1993)
San Salvador, El Salvador (2005)
Beirut, Lebanon (2006)
Ischia, Campania, Italy (2006)
Yerevan, Armenia (2007)
Faisalabad, Pakistan (2009)

Los Angeles also has an exchange partnership with Tel Aviv, Israel.^[134]

In addition, Los Angeles has the following "friendship cities".^[135]^[136]:

London, England, United Kingdom
Łódź, Poland
Manchester, England, United Kingdom

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^ Pool, Bob; Lin II, Rong-Gong (September 27, 2010). "L.A.'s hottest day ever". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/27/local/la-me-hottest-ever-20100928. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
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^ Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (1999). New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's global cities. U of Minnesota Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-8166-3336-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=rrLlt1k59voC&pg=PA66. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
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^ ^a ^b "Only In LA: Tapping L.A. Innovation". USC Stevens Institute. http://stevens.usc.edu/news_only_in_la.php. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
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^ "Ducks History: The Ducks Look". National Hockey League. http://ducks.nhl.com/club/page.htm?id=44140. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
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^ Stammer, Larry B.; Becerra, Hector (September 4, 2002). "Pomp Past, Masses Flock to Cathedral". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2002/sep/04/local/me-cathedral4. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
^ "World Jewish Population". SimpleToRemember.com. http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/world-jewish-population.htm. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
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^ "Los Angeles's Breed Street Shul Saved by Politicians". Jewish Heritage Report II (1–2). Spring-Summer 1998. http://www.isjm.org/jhr/IInos1-2/breedstreet.htm. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
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^ "The World According to GaWC 2010". Globalization and World Cities Research Network. GaWC Loughborough University. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
^ "Evaluation of alternatives to the city's gross receipts business tax". Muniservies.com. 1997. http://www.muniservices.com/consulting/LA_Final%20Evaluation%20Report%20January%2015.pdf. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
^ George, Evan (December 11, 2006). "Trojan Dollars: Study Finds USC Worth $4 Billion Annually to L.A. County". Los Angeles Downtown News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090430211002/http://www.downtownnews.com/articles/2006/12/11/news/news05.txt.
^ "City of Los Angeles CAFR" (PDF). p. 332 (367). http://ens.lacity.org/ctr/financial/ctrfinancial18265184_02262010.pdf. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
^ "US Census, District information". Census.gov. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/district.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
^ "Magnet schools just as competitive as private schools". Archived from the original on May 4, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070504032306/http://media.www.dailytrojan.com/media/storage/paper679/news/2005/01/26/News/Magnet.Schools.Just.As.Competitive.As.Private.Schools-841415.shtml. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
^ "LA Public Library". Lapl.org. http://www.lapl.org/branches/. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
^ Woolsey, Matt (April 25, 2008). "Best And Worst Cities For Commuters". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2008/04/24/cities-commute-fuel-forbeslife-cx_mw_0424realestate.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
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^ "American Community Survey 2006, Table S0802". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DCGeoSelectServlet?ds_name=ACS_2006_EST_G00_. ^{[dead link]}
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^ "Public Transit Ridership Report". American Public Transportation Association. First Quarter 2011. http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2011_q1_ridership_APTA.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
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^ "Van Nuys Airport General Description". Los Angeles World Airports. http://www.lawa.org/welcome_VNY.aspx?id=92. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
^ Facilities – The Port of Los Angeles site
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^ "Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor Employers Association". Harboremployers.com. http://www.harboremployers.com/web/. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
^ "AAPA World Port Rankings 2008" (PDF). http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/WORLD%20PORT%20RANKINGS%2020081.pdf. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
^ About the Port – The Port of Los Angeles site
^ "Los Angeles City Lifeguards". Lacitylifeguards.pyroinnovations.com. http://lacitylifeguards.pyroinnovations.com/. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
^ "City basics". Lacity.org. April 12, 2005. http://www.lacity.org/mayor/deliveringresults/results_cibasic.htm. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
^ Moffatt, Riley (1996). Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850–1990. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow. p. 41.
^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2009 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009" (CSV). United States Census Bureau, Population Division. July 1, 2009. Archived from the original on June 27, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100627001318/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-01.csv. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Los Angeles (city), California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0644000.html. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
^ "Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html.
^ Fuestch, Michelle (March 13, 1991). "Samoans Protest Killing of 2 Brothers". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1991-03-13/local/me-94_1_compton-police. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
^ Ray, MaryEllen Bell; The City of Watts, California: 1907 to 1926, Los Angeles: Rising Publications, 1985. A definitive early history.
^ "History of the City | About Compton". Comptoncity.org. 1933-03-10. http://www.comptoncity.org/index.php/About-Compton/history-of-the-city.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
^ According to Gordon J. MacDonald, geophysicist and professor formerly with the University of California, San Diego, quoted in Bowman, Chris (July 8, 2008). "Smoke is Normal – for 1800". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080709015204/http://www.sacbee.com/101/story/1066675.html. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
^ Stimson, Thomas E. (July 1955). What can we do about smog?. Popular Mechanics. p. 65. ISSN 00324558. http://books.google.com/books?id=xdwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA65. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
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^ "People at Risk In 25 U.S. Cities Most Polluted by Short-Term Particle Pollution". American Lung Association. Archived from the original on March 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070325171724/http://lungaction.org/reports/sota06_table2a.html. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ "Pittsburgh and Los Angeles the most polluted US cities". citymayors.com. May 4, 2008. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080912203013/http://citymayors.com/environment/polluted_uscities.html. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ "Los Angeles meets 20 percent renewable energy goal". Bloomberg. January 14, 2011. Archived from the original on February 1, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110201090303/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-14/los-angeles-meets-20-percent-renewable-energy-goal.html. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ "Crime rate lowest in 50 years, LAPD says". Los Angeles Wave. Wire services. January 10, 2010. http://www.wavenewspapers.com/news/local/northeast-edition/80935317.html. Retrieved April 14, 2010. Northeast Edition.
^ "LAPD year-end crime statistics". http://www.lapdonline.org/read_the_beat_magazine/pdf_view/43819. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members". Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070703052727/http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/about/members.shtml.
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^ "Simmons, Randal". LAPD. http://www.lapdonline.org/officers_killed_in_the_line_of_duty/content_basic_view/37466. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
^ "The Mafia Encyclopedia. mafia машины. three 6 mafia. тренер mafia". Mafia.z04.org.ua. November 12, 1926. http://mafia.z04.org.ua/zPage_48.html. Retrieved April 13, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Los Angeles Police Department Gang subsite". Lapdonline.org. http://www.lapdonline.org/get_informed/content_basic_view/1396. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
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^ "Twinning link with LA". Manchester Evening News. http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/s/1128076_twinning_link_with_la. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
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Geographic locale

Lat. and Long. 34°3′N 118°15′W / 34.05°N 118.25°W / 34.05; -118.25

v t e City of Los Angeles

Topics	History Transportation Culture Landmarks Historic sites Skyscrapers Demographics Crime Sports Media Music Notable people Lists

Government	Flag Mayors City Council Other elected officials Airport DWP Fire Department Police Public schools Libraries Port Transportation

Regions	Downtown Eastside/Northeast Harbor Area Greater Hollywood Areas north and west of downtown San Fernando and Crescenta Valleys South Los Angeles Westside Wilshire

v t e Municipalities and communities of Los Angeles County, California, United States

County seat: Los Angeles

Cities	Agoura Hills Alhambra Arcadia Artesia Avalon Azusa Baldwin Park Bell Bell Gardens Bellflower Beverly Hills Bradbury Burbank Calabasas Carson Cerritos Claremont Commerce Compton Covina Cudahy Culver City Diamond Bar Downey Duarte El Monte El Segundo Gardena Glendale Glendora Hawaiian Gardens Hawthorne Hermosa Beach Hidden Hills Huntington Park Industry Inglewood Irwindale La Cañada Flintridge La Habra Heights La Mirada La Puente La Verne Lakewood Lancaster Lawndale Lomita Long Beach Los Angeles Lynwood Malibu Manhattan Beach Maywood Monrovia Montebello Monterey Park Norwalk Palmdale Palos Verdes Estates Paramount Pasadena Pico Rivera Pomona Rancho Palos Verdes Redondo Beach Rolling Hills Rolling Hills Estates Rosemead San Dimas San Fernando San Gabriel San Marino Santa Clarita Santa Fe Springs Santa Monica Sierra Madre Signal Hill South El Monte South Gate South Pasadena Temple City Torrance Vernon Walnut West Covina West Hollywood Westlake Village Whittier

CDPs	Acton Agua Dulce Alondra Park Altadena Avocado Heights Castaic Charter Oak Citrus Del Aire Desert View Highlands East La Mirada East Los Angeles East Pasadena East Rancho Dominguez East San Gabriel Elizabeth Lake Florence-Graham Green Valley Hacienda Heights Hasley Canyon La Crescenta-Montrose Ladera Heights Lake Hughes Lake Los Angeles Lennox Leona Valley Littlerock Marina del Rey Mayflower Village North El Monte Quartz Hill Rose Hills Rowland Heights San Pasqual South Monrovia Island South San Gabriel South San Jose Hills South Whittier Stevenson Ranch Sun Village Topanga Val Verde Valinda View Park-Windsor Hills Vincent Walnut Park West Athens West Carson West Puente Valley West Rancho Dominguez West Whittier-Los Nietos Westmont Willowbrook

Unincorporated communities	Agoura Alla Alpine Alsace Altacanyada Andrade Corner Antelope Acres Antelope Center Athens Aurant Bassett Big Pines Castaic Junction City Terrace Cornell Del Sur Del Valle Firestone Park Florence Gorman Hillgrove Hi Vista Indian Springs Juniper Hills Kagel Canyon Kinneloa Mesa Largo Vista Llano Malibu Vista Monte Nido Neenach Pearblossom Rancho Dominguez Sandberg Santa Anita Seminole Hot Springs Two Harbors Universal City Valyermo

Ghost towns	Achois Acuragna Ahapchingas Alpine Alyeupkigna Awigna Azucsagna Bairdstown Bartolo Cahuenga Chandler Chokishgna Chowigna Clayton Cucamonga Desert Relief Evergreen Falling Springs Gaspur Guirardo Hahamongna Harasgna Holland Summit Holton Honmoyausha Houtgna Hyperion Isanthcogna Juyubit Kowanga Las Tunas Machado Malibu Mar Vista Maugna Mentryville Motordrome Nacaugna Oberg Okowvinjha Palisades Del Rey Pasinogna Pimocagna Pubugna Quapa Savannah Saway-yanga Sibagna Sisitcanogna Soledad Sulphur Springs Sonagna Suangna Takuyumam Toviseanga Toybipet Tuyunga Virgenes Wahoo Walton Place Wilsona

v t e Los Angeles metropolitan area

Population - 12,874,797

Counties	Los Angeles Orange

Major city 3.8 million	Los Angeles

Cities over 250K	Long Beach Santa Ana Anaheim

Cities and towns 100k-250k	Burbank Costa Mesa Downey East Los Angeles El Monte Fullerton Garden Grove Glendale Huntington Beach Inglewood Irvine Norwalk Orange Pasadena Pomona Santa Clarita Simi Valley South Gate Thousand Oaks Torrance West Covina

Bodies of water	Arroyo Seco Ballona Creek Coyote Creek Los Angeles River Rio Hondo San Gabriel River San Pedro Bay Santa Ana River Santa Clara River Santa Monica Bay

Regions	Gateway Cities San Fernando Valley San Gabriel Valley Santa Clarita Valley Santa Ana Valley

v t e Greater Los Angeles Area

Central city	Los Angeles

Counties	Los Angeles Orange Riverside San Bernardino Ventura

Satellite cities	Long Beach Riverside San Bernardino

Cities >200k	Anaheim Santa Ana Irvine

Cities 100k–200k	Burbank Corona Costa Mesa Downey El Monte Fontana Fullerton Garden Grove Glendale Huntington Beach Inglewood Lancaster Mission Viejo Moreno Valley Murrieta Norwalk Ontario Orange Oxnard Palmdale Pasadena Pomona Rancho Cucamonga Santa Clarita Simi Valley Temecula Thousand Oaks Torrance Ventura Victorville West Covina

Area regions	Antelope Valley Conejo Valley Downtown Los Angeles East Los Angeles Gateway Cities Greater Hollywood Harbor Area High Desert Inland Empire Los Angeles metropolitan area Low Desert Palos Verdes Hills Pomona Valley San Bernardino Valley San Fernando Valley San Gabriel Valley Santa Ana Valley Santa Clarita Valley South Bay South Los Angeles Westside Los Angeles Wilshire

Landforms	Los Angeles Basin Baldwin Hills (range) Catalina Island Channel Islands San Fernando Valley San Bernardino Mountains San Gabriel Mountains Santa Ana Mountains Santa Monica Mountains Santa Susana Mountains Verdugo Mountains

Bodies of water	Los Angeles River Aliso Creek Arroyo Seco Ballona Creek Bell Creek Big Bear Lake Coyote Creek Lake Arrowhead Lake Perris Lake Piru Malibu Creek Mojave River Pyramid Lake Rio Hondo San Gabriel River San Juan Creek San Pedro Bay Santa Ana River Santa Clara River Santa Margarita River Santa Monica Bay Soda Lake

v t e California county seats

Consolidated city-county	San Francisco

Municipalities	Alturas Auburn Bakersfield Colusa Crescent City El Centro Eureka Fairfield Fresno Hanford Hollister Jackson Lakeport Los Angeles Madera Martinez Marysville Merced Modesto Napa Nevada City Oakland Oroville Placerville Red Bluff Redding Redwood City Riverside Sacramento Salinas San Bernardino San Diego San Jose San Luis Obispo San Rafael Santa Ana Santa Barbara Santa Cruz Santa Rosa Sonora Stockton Susanville Ukiah Ventura Visalia Willows Woodland Yreka Yuba City

CDPs	Bridgeport Downieville Independence Mariposa Markleeville Quincy San Andreas Weaverville

v t e State of California

Sacramento (capital)

Topics	Climate Delegations Deserts Districts Ecology Elections Environment Geography Government History Protected areas Sports Symbols Transportation Visitor attractions Index of California-related articles

Society	Californians Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Politics

Regions	Antelope Valley Big Sur Cascade Range Central California Central Coast Central Valley Channel Islands Coachella Valley Conejo Valley Cucamonga Valley Death Valley East Bay (SF) East County (SD) Eastern California Emerald Triangle Gold Country Great Basin Greater Los Angeles Greater Sacramento Inland Empire Lake Tahoe Los Angeles Basin Lost Coast Metropolitan Fresno Mojave Mountain Empire North Bay (SF) North Coast North County (SD) Northern California Owens Valley Oxnard Plain Pomona Valley Sacramento Valley San Bernardino Valley San Diego–Tijuana San Fernando Valley San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Peninsula San Gabriel Valley San Joaquin Valley Santa Clara Valley Santa Clara River Valley Santa Clarita Valley Shasta Cascade Sierra Nevada Silicon Valley South Bay (LA) South Bay (SF) South Bay (SD) South Coast Southern California Southern Border Region Tri-Valley Upstate California Victor Valley Wine Country

Metro areas	Bakersfield Chico El Centro Fresno Hanford–Corcoran Los Angeles–Long Beach–Glendale Madera Modesto Merced Napa Oakland–Fremont–Hayward Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura Redding Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario Sacramento–Arden Arcade–Roseville Salinas San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos San Francisco–San Mateo–Redwood City San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara San Luis Obispo–Paso Robles Santa Ana–Anaheim–Irvine Santa Barbara–Santa Maria–Goleta Santa Cruz–Watsonville Santa Rosa–Petaluma Stockton Vallejo–Fairfield Visalia–Porterville Yuba City

Micro areas	Bishop Clearlake Crescent City Eureka–Arcata–Fortuna Phoenix Lake-Cedar Ridge Red Bluff Susanville Truckee–Grass Valley Ukiah

Counties	Alameda Alpine Amador Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado Fresno Glenn Humboldt Imperial Inyo Kern Kings Lake Lassen Los Angeles Madera Marin Mariposa Mendocino Merced Modoc Mono Monterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Trinity Tulare Tuolumne Ventura Yolo Yuba

Summer Olympic Games host cities

1896: Athens
1900: Paris
1904: St. Louis
1908: London
1912: Stockholm

1920: Antwerp
1924: Paris
1928: Amsterdam
1932: Los Angeles
1936: Berlin

1940: cancelled
1944: cancelled
1948: London
1952: Helsinki
1956: Melbourne

1960: Rome
1964: Tokyo
1968: Mexico City
1972: Munich
1976: Montreal

1980: Moscow
1984: Los Angeles
1988: Seoul
1992: Barcelona
1996: Atlanta

2000: Sydney
2004: Athens
2008: Beijing
2012: London
2016: Rio de Janeiro

50 most populous cities of the United States

(2010 United States Census Bureau)

World's fifty most-populous urban areas

Mayors of cities with populations exceeding 100,000 in California

Antonio Villaraigosa
(Los Angeles)
Jerry Sanders
(San Diego)
Chuck Reed
(San Jose)
Edwin M. Lee
(San Francisco)
Ashley Swearengin
(Fresno)
Kevin Johnson
(Sacramento)
Bob Foster
(Long Beach)
Jean Quan
(Oakland)
Harvey Hall
(Bakersfield)
Tom Tait
(Anaheim)
Miguel A. Pulido
(Santa Ana)
Ronald O. Loveridge
(Riverside)
Ann Johnston
(Stockton)
Cheryl Cox
(Chula Vista)
Gus Morrison
(Fremont)
Sukhee Kang
(Irvine)
Pat Morris
(San Bernardino)

Jim Ridenour
(Modesto)
Thomas E. Holden
(Oxnard)
Acquanetta Warren
(Fontana)
William H. Batey II
(Moreno Valley)^*
John Drayman
(Glendale)
Don Hansen
(Huntington Beach)^*
Bob Kellar
(Santa Clarita)^*
William Dalton
(Garden Grove)
Susan Gorin
(Santa Rosa)^*
Jim Wood
(Oceanside)
Donald Kurth
(Rancho Cucamonga)
Paul S. Leon
(Ontario)
R. Rex Parris
(Lancaster)
Pat Hume
(Elk Grove)
James C. Ledford Jr.
(Palmdale)
Stan Skipworth
(Corona)^*

^* Mayor selected from city council

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Alejandro Sanz
Alejandro Sanz at the Tony Bennett Birthday Gala on September 17, 2011.
Background information
Birth name	Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro
Born	(1968-12-18) December 18, 1968 (age 43)
Origin	Madrid, Spain
Genres	Latin pop
Occupations	Singer, songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, piano
Years active	1988–present
Labels	Warner Music Benelux
Associated acts	Juanes, Shakira, Alicia Keys, Calle 13
Website	AlejandroSanz.com

Alejandro Sanz (born Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro on December 18, 1968) is a Spanish singer-songwriter and musician. For his work, Sanz has won a total of fifteen Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards. He has won the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times, more than any other artist. Throughout his career, he has released a total of ten studio albums and six DVDs. The singer is noted for his flamenco-influenced ballads, but he has also experimented with rock, salsa, and hip hop.

Born in Madrid, Sanz began playing guitar at age seven, taking influence from his family's flamenco roots. He released his debut album at age sixteen, although he did not gain commercial success until his second release, Viviendo Deprisa. His next two records, Si Tú Me Miras and 3 also fared well commercially, but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success. El Alma al Aire followed in 2000, selling more than a million copies in its first week.

In 2002, he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album. His collaboration with Shakira on the single "La Tortura" reached number one on several charts worldwide. His albums No Es lo Mismo (2003) and El Tren de los Momentos (2006) showed Sanz experimenting with more diverse styles of music, while his most recent release, Paraíso Express (2009) served as a return to form for the musician. He signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and is reported to be working on his tenth studio album.

1 Early life
2 Recording career
3 Musical style
4 Personal life
5 Discography
- 5.1 Studio albums
6 External links
7 References

Early life [link]

Sanz was born in Madrid, Spain, on December 18, 1968, the youngest son of María Pizarro and Jesús Sánchez.^[1] He grew up in the high-crime neighborhood of Moratalaz in eastern Madrid.^[2] Sanz recalled that "Back then, kids grew up on the street...I was a bit like the group troubadour; the one who played the guitar and sang. That kept me out of a lot of trouble."^[2] Sanz's father, a door-to-door book salesman, played guitar professionally, which inspired seven-year-old Sanz to learn to play the instrument.^[1]^[3] He pursued the instrument with an intensity that eventually frustrated his mother, who broke his guitar one morning after his playing kept the family from sleeping.^[3]

He was exposed to traditional flamenco music as a child while vacationing each summer in his parents' native Andalucía in southern Spain.^[3] Originally, Sanz intended to become a flamenco performer, but he found the music teachers to be overly strict. Commenting on his early experiences, Sanz explained, "Flamenco can be very hard on beginners. If you lose the rhythm, they toss you out with, 'You're no good, boy!' They're very strict and very cruel. But it's also a marvelous education, because you either learn to play or else."^[3] He felt that he could not compete with his peers, and decided to focus on creating pop music with flamenco influences, viewing flamenco to be a "lifestyle" better suited to others.^[4]

Recording career [link]

1989–96: First four albums [link]

As a teenager, Sanz performed in various venues in his hometown. He became acquainted with Miguel Ángel Arenas, a music industry executive who had signed several popular Spanish groups such as Mecano.^[1] Arenas helped Sanz find work, eventually leading to a record deal with the Spanish label Hispavox.^[1] In 1989, sixteen-year-old Sanz released his debut album, Los Chulos Son Pa' Cuidarlos under the name of Alejandro Magno (Spanish for "Alexander the Great").^[4] The record, which fused techno and flamenco, was met with critical and commercial indifference, and today Sanz views the record to be "insignificant".^[3] However, the album is now considered to be a collector's item.^[1] In an attempt to promote Los Chulos Son Pa' Cuidarlos, he performed at strip clubs, playing short sets between acts.^[3] This proved to be unsuccessful and Sanz took a break from music, choosing to study business administration.^[3] He also took a job at a recording studio in which he wrote material for other artists. He persuaded Arenas to send demos of his songs to record companies, which led to being signed by Warner Music Latina.^[3] At this time, he began performing under his current name.^[1]

Sanz's rise to fame began in 1991, when he released his first album from Warner, Viviendo Deprisa. The record and the songs "Pisando Fuerte" and "Se le Apagó la Luz" helped him gain a dedicated fan base in Spain.^[5] In 1993, he released Si Tú Me Miras shortly followed by a live album, titled Básico. That same year, he recorded a song entitled "Mi Primera Canción" with flamenco pioneer Paco de Lucía, whom Sanz idolized as a child.^[6] He released his third studio album, 3, in 1995. In addition to Spanish, 3 was also released in Italian and Portuguese.^[7] "La Fuerza del Corazón", the first single released from 3, was his first song to chart internationally.^[1] All three albums proved to be successful, reaching multi-platinum status in Spain.^[1]

[edit] 1997–2002: Más, El Alma al Aire, and MTV Unplugged

Sanz spent two years in Milan, Italy to work on a follow-up for 3.^[8] For the album, he wished to create a "true fusion" of many different sounds, and began studying the saxophone and piano in addition to guitar.^[8] In 1997, Sanz released his fifth studio album, Más, a record containing ballads strongly influenced by flamenco, pop, and tropical rhythms.^[9]

	Alejandro Sanz "Corazón Partío" (1997) noicon The single "Corazón Partío", from Más, draws influence from flamenco music and has been described as a "powerhouse ballad".^[10]^[11] It is considered to be Sanz' breakthrough song, and "changed the course" of the singer's career.^[1]^[10]
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Driven by the singles "Corazón Partío", "Y, ¿Si Fuera Ella?", "Amiga Mía", "Aquello Que Me Diste", and "Siempre Es de Noche", Más sold more than two million copies in Spain and was certified 22× Platinum in the country, making it the best-selling album in Spanish history.^[1]^[4]^[12]^[13] The album remained on the Billboard Latin Albums chart for 74 weeks, and one year after the record's release, Sanz was granted an Ondas Award for Best Song for "Corazón Partío".^[14]^[15] According to David Cazares of the South Florida Sun-Sentinel, the album "made Sanz an international star on the strength of the pop-salsa hit 'Corazón Partío', a song on the lips of fans from Spain to Cuba and the United States."^[5] Following the success of the album, Sanz began touring in United States for the first time.^[4]

This record is important because it represents me choosing what I want to do...You're always learning things about music if you want to, and you can apply it to what you want to do. It has a rhythmic complexity and a proximity to flamenco, however it's less obvious.

“

”

– Sanz, speaking about El Alma al Aire in 2001.^[16]

His fifth album, El Alma al Aire, released September 26, 2000, featured Sanz exploring diverse genres of music, including jazz, R&B, soul and tango.^[5] In Spain, the album sold more than one million copies in the first week, breaking the record of one million copies sold in four months, also set by Sanz with his previous album, Más.^[17]^[18] At the 2001 Latin Grammy Awards, Sanz walked away with four awards: Best Pop Male Vocal Album and Album of the Year for El Alma al Aire, and Record of the Year and Song of the Year for the title track from the album.^[19] Later that year, El Alma al Aire was released in a special edition including Sanz's duets with Irish band The Corrs. In October 2001, Sanz collaborated with Michael Jackson and various other artists on the Spanish version of the charity single "What More Can I Give", which benefited the victims of the September 11 attacks.^[17]^[20]

In 2002, Sanz recorded MTV Unplugged at the Gusman Center for the Performing Arts in Miami, Florida.^[4] He was the first Spanish artist to record and release an MTV Unplugged album.^[21] For Sanz, the recording of the album "changed the way I do my music. It was a rediscovery of how to perform, and also how to record, music with live musicians. That was the spirit of the music in its pure form, though [it is ironic] that the more people who are playing, the more simple it is."^[4] With the MTV Unplugged, he garnered three Latin Grammy Awards (Album of the Year, Recording of the Year and Song of the Year for "Y Sólo Se Me Ocurre Amarte").^[22]

[edit] 2003–07: No Es lo Mismo and El Tren de los Momentos

On September 2, 2003, Sanz released his sixth studio album, No Es lo Mismo. On this record, Sanz took a more political approach than he had on previous releases. The song "Sandy a Orilla do Mundo" discusses oil spills on the Spanish coast, while "Labana" tells the story of people fleeing from Cuba on makeshift rafts.^[23] The album won four awards at the 2004 Latin Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Record of the Year.^[24] Sanz was unable to attend the event and his awards were accepted by presenters and colleagues.^[24] Also in 2004, he became the first Spanish musician to give a lecture at Harvard University, speaking about Hispanic culture at the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies.^[25]

Alejandro Sanz performing in Managua, Nicaragua on November 1, 2007.

In 2005, Sanz collaborated with Shakira on her song "La Tortura". Co-written by Sanz, the song became an international hit, breaking the record for the most weeks at the number one spot on the Hot Latin Songs chart.^[26] The song exposed Sanz to a more diverse audience, and helped build anticipation for his next release.^[1] The first single from the album El Tren de los Momentos, "A la Primera Persona", became his first song to enter the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 100 on the chart.^[1]^[27] The record was also noted for its guest appearances, which featured Shakira, Juanes, Alex González of Maná, and Residente of Calle 13.^[1]

In the spring of 2007, Sanz suffered a mental breakdown and took two months off in the middle of a world tour at the request of his doctor. The breakdown was caused by several events in his personal life, including the death of his father in 2005, his separation with Mexican model and actress Jaydy Mitchel, and his announcement that he had a three-year-old son outside of his marriage with Mitchel.^[28] He commented on the situation, saying "You have to put things in perspective. It was stress, something that had never affected me, but this time, yes, it did. So I had to pay. A doctor told me to stop for a couple of months to recuperate completely."^[28] Sanz spent time in therapy, a time which "helped [him] a lot" and gave him "more power" to perform.^[28]

In a press conference in late 2007, he criticized Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, calling him "undemocratic" in the wake of a petition made by Venezuelan citizens to prevent Chávez from running for re-election.^[5]^[29] Sanz further stated "If they gave me 3 million signatures to stop singing, I would stop singing immediately."^[29] Supporters of Chávez subsequently gathered 230,000 signatures in response to Sanz' comments.^[29]

[edit] 2008–present: Paraíso Express

Sanz performing on May 28, 2008.

To promote his new record, Paraíso Express, Sanz started a campaign in which fans could create a video about their definition of paradise and upload it to his YouTube channel.^[30] Artists such as Shakira, Laura Pausini and Paulina Rubio also participated.^[30] On November 10, 2009, Sanz released Paraíso Express. This record was described as a return to form for Sanz, focusing more on melody as opposed to the experimentation he pursued on his previous two albums.^[31] He commented that "On this album, I first composed the melody and then the lyrics. It is more of a rock album than my past releases, with more elegant and positive lyrics and a happier and more rhythmic spirit."^[32]

The bilingual single "Looking for Paradise" featuring Alicia Keys reached number one on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart.^[33] At the 2010 Latin Grammy Awards, the album was nominated Album of the Year and Best Male Pop Vocal Album, while the single "Desde Cuándo" received both Record and Song of the Year nominations.^[34] On February 15, 2011, Sanz announced that he would be signing with Universal Music Group after twenty years with Warner.^[35]

Musical style [link]

Sanz is known for his distinctive raspy vocals, which he attributes to his flamenco roots, crediting singer Camarón de la Isla as a major influence.^[36]^[37] His song "Sí, He Cantado Mal" (Yes, I Have Sung Badly) from No Es lo Mismo references this, with Sanz saying "I'm laughing a little at myself so that I can laugh at other things. Sometimes, I'm harder on myself than any music critic can be. I'm laughing at that."^[36] Throughout his youth, Sanz was heavily influenced by English-language heavy metal groups such as Iron Maiden and Dio, referring to himself as a "heavy metal radical".^[36] He also feels that living in the city of Cadiz had a major impact on his musical style, where "Any 7-year-old kid you find knows how to play guitar, play the cajón, knows how to sing. When the family comes together we start to sing. In a way it's not just music, it's culture."^[37]

Early in his career, his music generally consisted of romantic ballads. However, in the late 1990s, his collaborations with other artists greatly expanded his musical style.^[1] On No Es lo Mismo, he experimented with rock, salsa, and hip hop.^[4] While recording the album, he noted that he often entered the studio with a rough idea for a song and the guest artists would "contaminate it with their rhythms...in a good way."^[23] El Tren de los Momentos continued this pattern of musical experimentation, featuring diverse genres such as funk, jazz, and country.^[38] Despite this, Jason Birchmeier of Allmusic described his musical evolution by saying "Even as Sanz broadened his style over the years, he never ventured far from his strength: romantic songs, generally ballads, tinged with flamenco and sung wholeheartedly with his distinct voice."^[1]

Personal life [link]

Sanz with Shakira and King Juan Carlos I of Spain.

Sanz married Mexican fashion model and actress Jaydy Michel in Bali on December 30, 1999, but this marriage was never legally recognized in either of their home countries. Sanz felt that having a legally recognized marriage was unnecessary: "My wife is my wife and I am her husband. For me, that has enough validity...I am married with the heart."^[39] The couple separated in 2005.^[28] Their daughter, Manuela Sánchez Michel, was born in 2001. Sanz later had a son named Alexander with Valeria Rivera, a Puerto Rican fashion designer.^[40]

Sanz welcomed his third child in New York, a boy named Dylan (b. July 2011), the first child from his relationship with girlfriend and former assistant, Raquel Perera.^[41] Sanz chose flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucía to be the godfather to his son. Sanz and Perera are godparents to David Bisbal's daughter, Ella.^[42] On May 23, 2012, Sanz married Raquel Perera in a private ceremony in Barcelona.^[43]

In addition to music, Sanz enjoys painting, which he often does while trying to create ideas for new songs.^[44] He explains that painting "teaches you that taking risks rarely leads to failure. In fact, from the moment you assume a risk, you have succeeded."^[3]

Discography [link]

Main article: Alejandro Sanz discography

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Alejandro Sanz

Alejandro Sanz's Official Site (Spanish)
Alejandro Sanz's Official Red (Spanish)
Alejandro Sanz Biography (Spanish)

References [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Birchmeier, Jason. "Alejandro Sanz – Biography". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://allmusic.com/artist/alejandro-sanz-p29408/biography. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "The place where Sanz's songs are born". El Pais (Prisacom). October 29, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Gurza, Augustin (October 19, 2003). "Not content to be stuck in success". Los Angeles Times (Eddy Hartenstein). http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/19/entertainment/ca-gurza19. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Harrington, Richard (April 23, 2004). "Alejandro Sanz finds his voice". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cózares, David (April 18, 2004). "A Singer On A Soapbox". South Florida Sun-Sentinel (Tribune Company). http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2004-04-18/entertainment/0404141050_1_alejandro-sanz-latin-pop-warner-music. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
^ Brown Rodríguez, Alberto (April 30, 1998). "Alejandro Sanz exhibe Más calidad" (in Spanish). Mundo Hispanico.
^ Carrillo, Miguel (April 29, 2010). "Paquita la del Barrio, Alejandro Sanz to perform at San Manuel". El Chicano Weekly.
^ ^a ^b Rubio Rosell, Carlos (July 12, 1997). "Hay mas de Alejandro Sanz" (in Spanish). El Norte.
^ Holston, Mark (September 14, 1998). "Music". Hispanic Magazine.
^ ^a ^b Cobo, Leila (February 17, 2001). "Spaniard Sanz a Unique Grammy Pick". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.com/books?id=KBQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
^ Lannert, John (January 31, 1998). "Latin Notas". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.com/books?id=iQ0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=alejandro+sanz+corazon+partio+ballad&source=bl&ots=jt-BIC1bWa&sig=NX4cRsLH-vWmjUi24zXwo3TSgqM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TSV6T9OTBI_QiAK_vMV1&ved=0CB4Q6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=alejandro%20sanz%20corazon%20partio%20ballad&f=false. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
^ "Top 100 Albumes" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. http://promusicae.es/files/listassemanales/albumes/historial/TOP%20100%20ALBUMES%2006_46.pdf. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
^ "International – Sanz Of Time". Billboard (Prometheus Global Media) 110 (25): 64. June 20, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=-w0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=intitle:billboard+%22mas%22+%22alejandro+sanz%22+%22best+selling%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JVdMT7TtOamlsALf7LAB&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
^ "Alejandro Sanz – Más – Chart History". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/album/alejandro-sanz/mas/261082#/album/alejandro-sanz/mas/261082. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
^ "Spain Set for Two Music Award Shows". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. November 14, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=HwoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=alejandro+sanz+ondas+award+best+songs&source=bl&ots=sQJizTWpc3&sig=caRogS-tDfg7TjE_PYW38Lk4YJM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=slwgT9fWNuSciQKVzZ3HCw&sqi=2&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=alejandro%20sanz%20ondas%20award%20best%20songs&f=false. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
^ Burr, Ramiro (February 11, 2001). "Top European crooners aim for North America". San Antonio Express News (Hearst Corporation).
^ ^a ^b Moss, Corey (October 30, 2001). "Latin Grammys Honor Christina's Spanish, Ricky's Moves". MTV News. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1450434/aguilera-wins-at-latin-grammys.jhtml. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
^ Llewellyn, Howell (November 25, 2000). "Sanz Sweeps Awards". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.com/books?id=jBEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=alejandro+Sanz+amigo+award&source=bl&ots=6ffZ1R0wHA&sig=xIBX0cbr6zxmXgaP0Kk8CQLtq8s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AVAgT9vFLqOgiQLE3d33Cw&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=alejandro%20Sanz%20amigo%20award&f=false. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
^ Saraceno, Christina (October 30, 2001). "Christina Wins Latin Grammy". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/christina-wins-latin-grammy-20011030. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
^ vanHorn, Teri (October 22, 2001). "'NSYNC Join Jackson's Charity Single; Mariah, Celine Sing In Spanish". MTV News. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1450268/nsync-join-jacksons-charity-single.jhtml. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
^ "Spanish star: Alejandro Sanz performs in Miami on Saturday". South Florida Sun-Sentinel (Tribune Company). July 30, 2010. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-07-30/entertainment/sfl-ent-to-do-alejandro-sanz-073010_1_el-alma-al-aire-spanish-star-alejandro-sanz. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
^ Klein, James (June 20, 2008). "The New CD and DVD of Julieta Venegas: "MTV Unplugged"". La Prensa San Diego.
^ ^a ^b Clark, Michael D. (May 6, 2004). "Alejandro Sanz sings a political tune on new album". Houston Chronicle (Hearst Corporation). http://www.chron.com/entertainment/music/article/Alejandro-Sanz-sings-a-political-tune-on-new-album-1976360.php. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Piccoli, Sean (September 2, 2004). "No-show Takes The Award Show". South Florida Sun-Sentinel (Tribune Company). http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2004-09-02/news/0409020001_1_latin-grammys-pop-vocal-album-alejandro-sanz. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
^ Deitz, Roger (September 20, 2004). "Róndine Alcalá Publicist". The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education (Paramus).
^ Aguila, Justino (September 27, 2011). "Shakira Is Latin Grammy Person of the Year". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news/shakira-is-latin-grammy-person-of-the-year-1005371382.story#/news/shakira-is-latin-grammy-person-of-the-year-1005371382.story. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ "Alejandro Sanz – La Primera Persona Chart History". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/song/alejandro-sanz/la-primera-persona/8408994. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Levin, Jordan (December 24, 2007). "Recovered from breakdown, Alejandro Sanz finds power". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Company). http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-12-24/features/0712210587_1_alejandro-sanz-latin-grammy-world-tour. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c Llewellyn, Howell (September 10, 2010). "Alejandro Sanz Appeals to Hugo Chavez". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news/alejandro-sanz-appeals-to-hugo-chavez-1004113883.story#/news/alejandro-sanz-appeals-to-hugo-chavez-1004113883.story. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ ^a ^b Cobo, Leila (September 13, 2009). "Welcome to Paradise". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.com/books?id=qv0RTzpwJFQC&pg=PT27&lpg=PT27&dq=alejandro+sanz+raspy&source=bl&ots=LML1RYx50V&sig=cl_5NkXHgk1WZsV2Q4oq7tkegIo&hl=en&ei=kP-3TtHvEcbniALWr_xu&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=alejandro%20sanz%20raspy%20range&f=false. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
^ Cobo, Leila (December 1, 2009). "Alejandro Sanz, "Paraiso Express"". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/new-releases/alejandro-sanz-paraiso-express-1004049914.story#/new-releases/alejandro-sanz-paraiso-express-1004049914.story. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ Herrera, Monica (September 22, 2009). "Alejandro Sanz Recruits Alicia Keys, Sets Date For 'Paradise'". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news/alejandro-sanz-recruits-alicia-keys-sets-1004014876.story#/news/alejandro-sanz-recruits-alicia-keys-sets-1004014876.story. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ Lynch, Emma (January 6, 2010). "Alejandro Sanz still has it after 20 years". La Voz Bilingüe.
^ Junco, Maite (September, 9 2010). "Alejandro Sanz and Juan Luis Guerra tops in Latin Grammy nods". NY Daily News (Mortimer Zuckerman). http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-09-09/entertainment/27074942_1_latin-grammys-juan-luis-guerra-jorge-drexler. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ Cobo, Leila (February 15, 2011). "Alejandro Sanz Signs With Universal". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/genre/latin/alejandro-sanz-signs-with-universal-1005036172.story. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c Associated Press (July 25, 2004). "Alejandro Sanz shows attitude; Singer introduces flamenco-inspired pop sound to U.S.". Telegraph Herald (Woodward Communications, Inc.).
^ ^a ^b Morales, Ed (January 19, 2008). "SONIDOS LATINOS: Sanz still looking to expand his horizons". Newsday (Cablevision). http://www.newsday.com/columnists/other-columnists/sonidos-latinos-sanz-still-looking-to-expand-his-horizons-1.574305. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
^ Birchmeier, Jason. "El Tren de los Momentos – Review". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://allmusic.com/album/el-tren-de-los-momentos-r930771/review. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
^ Garay, Adriana (March 23, 1999). "Se une con el corazón" (in Spanish). El Norte.
^ Castillo, Amaris (July 13, 2011). "Alejandro Sanz Welcomes New Son!". Latina. Latina Media Ventures, LLC. http://www.latina.com/entertainment/buzz/alejandro-sanz-welcomes-new-son. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
^ "Spanish pop star announces birth of third child". inewsone. July 14, 2011. http://www.inewsone.com/2011/07/14/spanish-pop-star-announces-birth-of-third-child/62932. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
^ "Alejandro Sanz: 'Aunque haya nacido en Nueva York y se llame Dylan, mi hijo tendrá un padrino muy flamenco, Paco de Lucía'". Hola!. August 7, 2011. http://www.hola.com/musica/2011080753971/alejandro-sanz-dylan/. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
^ "Comunicado Oficial: La foto oficial de la boda de Alejandro Sanz y Raquel Perera". May 29, 2012. http://www.bekia.es/celebrities/noticias/foto-oficial-boda-alejandro-sanz-raquel-perera/. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
^ Elfman, Doug (May 14, 2004). "The Sounds of Sanz". Las Vegas Review-Journal (Stephens Media). http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2004/May-14-Fri-2004/weekly/23702757.html. Retrieved February 17, 2012.

v t e Alejandro Sanz

Studio albums	Los Chulos Son Pa' Cuidarlos Viviendo Deprisa Si Tú Me Miras 3 Más El Alma al Aire No Es lo Mismo El Tren de los Momentos Paraíso Express

Live albums	Básico MTV Unplugged El Tren de los Momentos: En Vivo Desde Buenos Aires

Compilations	Discografía Completa: Edición Especial Gira 98 Lo Esencial de... Alejandro Sanz Grandes Éxitos 1991–2004

Related articles	Discography Albums

Persondata
Name	Sanz, Alejandro
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	December 18, 1968
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

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Demi Lovato
Lovato in 2010
Background information
Birth name	Demetria Devonne Lovato
Born	(1992-08-20) August 20, 1992 (age 19) Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.
Genres	Pop, pop rock, R&B, dance
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, actress, musician, activist, The X Factor USA judge
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, piano
Years active	2002–present
Labels	Hollywood
Associated acts	Joe Jonas, Jonas Brothers, Selena Gomez, Miley Cyrus
Website	demilovato.com Demi Lovato's signature

Demetria Devonne "Demi" Lovato^[1] (born August 20, 1992)^[2] is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress. Her earliest roles included Angela on Barney & Friends, before she became better known for her starring roles in the Camp Rock movies, as Sonny Munroe in the Disney sitcom Sonny with a Chance, and as the star of the 2009 movie Princess Protection Program. She is also involved in philanthropic activities through charity work and various social and environmental causes.^[3]

As a solo musical artist, Lovato released her debut album Don't Forget on September 23, 2008. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 selling 89,000 copies in the first week.^[4] It has since shipped over 500,000 copies, earning a gold certification in the United States.^[5] Lovato released her second album, Here We Go Again, on July 21, 2009.^[6] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 108,000 copies in the first week.^[7] Her third studio album, Unbroken, was released on September 20, 2011 and peaked at number four on the Billboard 200. She is working on her fourth studio album.

In Fall 2012, Lovato will be a judge on the second season of the American version of The X Factor.^[8]

Early life [link]

Lovato was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico on August 20, 1992, and raised in Dallas, Texas.^[1] She is the daughter of Dianna Hart de la Garza (born Dianna Lee Smith) and Patrick Martin Lovato.^[9] Her ancestry includes Mexican, Irish, Italian, and English.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] She has an older sister, Dallas Lovato, and a younger half-sister, Madison de la Garza, from her mother's re-marriage.^[1] Her mother was a Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader and country music recording artist.^[13] Lovato began playing piano at the age of seven.^[14] Lovato also began her acting career at the age of seven on the children's television series Barney & Friends as Angela, appearing in seasons seven and eight alongside long time friend Selena Gomez.^[15] In an interview with Ellen DeGeneres, Lovato revealed going through painful experiences with bullying in the seventh grade.^[16] According to Lovato, the bullying was so bad that one day, in a fit of frustration and distress, she requested her mom give her a home-schooled education.^[17] Lovato earned a high school diploma through homeschooling in April 2009.^[18] Lovato also stated in an interview with 20/20 in 2011 that she had had a "really unhealthy relationship with food" since age 8 due to bullying experienced as a child, and self-mutilated her wrists to cope with her emotions and depression since age 11.^[19] Lovato later became a spokesperson for anti-bullying organization PACER and appeared on America's Next Top Model^[20] and CNN to speak out against bullying.^[21] She has described herself as very spiritual rather than very religious and said she believes in God.^[22]

Acting career [link]

[edit] 2006–09: Camp Rock and Sonny With a Chance

Lovato with her Camp Rock co-stars, the Jonas Brothers, in London, 2008

In 2006, Lovato guest starred on Prison Break as Danielle Curtin in the episode "First Down." She also appeared in the second season of the television sitcom Just Jordan as Nicole, in the episode "Slippery When Wet." In January 2007, she landed the role of Charlotte Adams on the Disney Channel Original Short Series, As the Bell Rings, which premiered on August 26, 2007. A few of her original songs, including "Shadow", were featured on the show. In the summer of 2007, Lovato auditioned for the Disney Channel television film Camp Rock and the television series Sonny with a Chance in the same day and got both parts.^[23] For Camp Rock, she submitted an audition tape and Gary Marsh, Disney's president of entertainment, asked her to sing.^[24] She sang Christina Aguilera's "Ain't No Other Man", and Hollywood Records senior vice president Bob Cavallo said that their "jaws just dropped".^[24] Lovato received the lead role in Camp Rock,^[24] and a record deal with Hollywood Records in early 2008.^[23] In Camp Rock she played Mitchie Torres, a fourteen-year-old girl with hopes of becoming a singer. The movie premiered on June 20, 2008, in the United States on the Disney Channel with 8.9 million viewers, making Lovato a household name among young viewers.^[25] Its Disney Channel Italy premier received 1.14 million viewers on September 2008.^[26] Merchandise of the film is sold at Target, Claires, and Limited Too. They include clothing (such as pajamas, T-shirts, and underwear), bags (tote bags, backpacks, etc.), bedding collection, toys, and dolls of the characters. Play Along Toys, so far, has only released dolls of Mitchie and Shane. On May 13, 2008, Disney published Camp Rock: the Junior Novel, by Lucy Ruggles, the novelization of the film. Target retail stores sell "special editions" of the novel, hardcover books that include photos.

Starting in 2009, Lovato appeared as Sonny Munroe in the Disney channel comedy Sonny With a Chance. The show featured Lovato as the newest cast member on the show-within-a-show So Random!. The series debuted on February 8, 2009 in the United States. This is the first Disney Channel Original Series to be shot and aired in high-definition from the beginning; like most of Disney Channel's sitcoms, it is shot on tape, but uses a "filmized" appearance. The second season, some scenes are shot on location. The series is one of three Disney Channel Original Series to feature a show-within-a-show, with the others being The Famous Jett Jackson and Shake It Up. The series officially ended on January 2, 2011. Gary Marsh, president of entertainment, Disney Channel Worldwide, stated "This series is rooted in one of the core thematic attributes that we stand for, which is following your dreams, there also was the opportunity to do a hybrid show."^[27] The show began production on September 15, 2008 and the first season was taped at Stage 11 at NBC Studios in Burbank, California;^[27] for the second season, the show's production moved to Hollywood Center Studios in Hollywood, California, where The Suite Life on Deck, Wizards of Waverly Place and Jonas L.A. are also taped. In June 2009 Lovato co-starred in Princess Protection Program as Princess Rosalinda alongside Selena Gomez on the Disney Channel.^[28] The made-for-television movie is the third highest rated Disney Channel Original Movie, premiering on the Disney Channel with 9.8 million viewers. Laura Fries of Variety magazine describes the film as being "light as a summer breeze on the Louisiana bayou". Although the film does not stray far from the Disney formula, she praises writer Annie DeYoung for providing young girls a nice message about self-esteem. She says the film should be a hit with the channel's target audience.^[29]

[edit] 2010–present: Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam and hiatus

2010 World Tour in September 2010

In September 2009, production began for Camp Rock's sequel, Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. The Disney Channel Original Movie premiered on September 3, 2010.^[30]^[31] The film was watched by 7.9 million viewers on its premiere night,^[32] about 1 million less viewers than its predecessor. In 2010 it also became the most watched cable television programme that week,^[33] as well as the No. 1 movie by number of viewers on 2010's cable television.^[32] In its second broadcast on September 4, the film reached 3.7 million viewers.^[33] The film also reached 21 million unique viewers over its premiere weekend from September 3 to September 6.^[34] In its UK premiere on September 17, 2010 in was watched by 637,000 viewers. The film received generally mixed reviews. The review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 40% of critics gave the film mixed reviews, based on 5 reviews (3 'Rotten' and 2 'Fresh'), with an average score of 6.1/10.^[35] The film currently holds an 8.7 rating, earning it a "Great" film rating on TV.com.^[36] Lovato appeared as a guest star in an episode of the medical drama series Grey's Anatomy as a teenage patient named Hayley May, whose parents brought her in for schizophrenia.^[37] In a review of the episode, EW.com praised her performance, stating, "I still believe that even an unbiased observer would conclude that the Disney princess did a fine job acting it up as a suicidal 16-year-old who was admitted after trying to claw her own eyes out."^[38] On April 19, 2011, People.com reported that Demi Lovato would not be returning for the third season of Sonny With a Chance due to her health issues.^[39] As a result, the show will be renamed So Random! and focus only on the sketches rather than the behind-the-scenes antics. As a result of Lovato's departure from Sonny with a Chance, the series is the second Disney Channel original series to have its lead actor/actress leave during the series' run (after So Weird), and the fourth Disney Channel series to have a main cast member leave the series during its run (with That's So Raven and Jonas L.A. also included).^[40] The third season was then turned into its own new series based on its new format. On leaving the show, Lovato satated "...it's kind of sad for me that a chapter of my life has ended but there couldn't be a better time for me to move on...I don't think going back to Sonny would be healthy for my recovery...Being in front of a camera would make me nervous."^[41]

Lovato said in an April 2012 interview with KOKO POP UK that music is currently her "top priority", but that she is "kind of getting the itch to get back into acting, so we'll see what comes next."^[42] In an interview with Fabulous Magazine UK, Lovato will not come back to acting until she is fully confident. "I need to be secure in my body before I go back in front of the camera. Anyone in recovery from an eating disorder would find that triggering, and I'm not ready," she says.^[43]

Music career [link]

[edit] 2007–09: Camp Rock soundtrack and Don't Forget

Lovato at the premiere of Hannah Montana: The Movie in April 2009

Lovato's music career began in 2007, when several of her original songs, including "Shadow", were included on the mini-series As the Bell Rings. In 2008, Lovato signed with Hollywood Records after getting the lead role in the film Camp Rock.^[23] She provided vocals on four of the songs featured on the Camp Rock soundtrack, including "We Rock", "Who Will I Be", "Our Time Is Here" and "This Is Me" featuring Joe Jonas.^[44] The song peaked at #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at the top 20 in Australia, Canada and Norway. The soundtrack was released on June 24, 2008. The song peaked at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 and topped the US Billboard Top Soundtracks and peaked at the top 10 in Canada, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand and Spain. The soundtrack has sold over 1 million copies and was certified Platinum in the United States. Full songs of the album were made available on Camp Rock's official web site for one week, beginning June 10, 2008, and the full soundtrack premiered on Radio Disney on June 14, 2008 during Planet Premiere: Camp Rock. The soundtrack was released in the UK on July 14, 2008.The soundtrack album (both original and two-disc collector's edition) is an enhanced CD which contains a clip of an acoustic version of "This Is Me" when played on the computer with internet access. On November 16, 2008, a karaoke/instrumental version of the Camp Rock soundtrack was released. It is not available on iTunes, but can be purchased in stores such as Wal-Mart, Target, etc. In June and July 2008, Lovato performed at various House of Blues and parks for her Demi Live! Warm Up Tour in preparation for the release of her debut album and the Burnin' Up Tour with the Jonas Brothers. Lovato served as the support act on the Jonas Brothers' Burnin' Up Tour from July through September 2008.

Lovato's debut album, Don't Forget was released on September 23, 2008. The bulk of the album was co-written with the Jonas Brothers, who also produced the album with John Fields. They co-wrote ten songs in a week during the band's headlining Look Me in the Eyes Tour.^[45] The album is of the pop-rock genre and is lyrically similar to other teen-pop albums. It peaked at number two on the Billboard 200, selling 89,000 units in its first week of release. It has since sold over 500,000 records in the US.^[46] Critics noticed the distinct sound of the Jonas Brothers in the production of the album. Don't Forget spawned two singles. The first single released was "Get Back". It was written by Lovato, the Jonas Brothers, and produced by the Jonas Brothers alongside John Fields. The song features Jack Lawless on drums and John Taylor and the Jonas Brothers on guitars. The initial writing of the song took place when Lovato wanted to write a song about getting back together with an old boyfriend, as opposed to writing mean or heartbroken songs. The was released as the album's lead single on August 12, 2008, by Hollywood Records. Musically, the song is an upbeat pop rock and power pop song with a guitar-driven sound. The song was met with positive reviews from critics and performed average commercially, peaking at number forty-three on the Billboard Hot 100 and ninety-three on the Canadian Hot 100. In Australia, the song peaked at number ten on the ARIA Hitseekers chart. The accompanying music video, directed by Philip Andelman, shows Lovato and her band performing the song on top of an abandoned building with Manhattan Bridge in the background. Lovato has performed the song on several occasions, including the opening of the 2008 Disney Channel Games and the The Ellen DeGeneres Show. The second and final single, "La La Land", was released on April 10, 2009 through Hollywood Records. It was written by Lovato and the Jonas Brothers, and produced by the Jonas Brothers alongside John Fields. It is one of six songs on the album co-written by the Jonas Brothers, who also contributed backing vocals and guitars to the track. Lovato said that she wrote the song about being yourself in Hollywood and not letting other people change who you are. Musically, the song is a guitar-driven pop rock song and the lyrics speak of Lovato feeling "out of place" in Hollywood. The song was met with positive reviews from critics. Commercially, the song peaked at number fifty-two on the Billboard Hot 100, and number thirty-five on the UK Singles Chart. The song achieved its highest peak in Ireland, where it reached number thirty on the Irish Singles Chart. It was less successful in Australia and Germany, where it peaked in the lower half of the charts. The accompanying music video was directed by Brendan Malloy and Tim Wheeler, and follows the song's Hollywood theme. It was used to promote Lovato's Disney Channel sitcom Sonny with a Chance, and features guest appearances from her co-stars. Lovato joined Disney's Friends for Change, an organization which promotes "environmently-friendly behavior," and appears in its public service announcements to raise awareness for the cause on the Disney Channel.^[47] Lovato, Selena Gomez, Miley Cyrus, and the Jonas Brothers recorded "Send It On," a charity single that served as the theme song for the organization in 2009. The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at #20.^[48]^[49] Disney's Friends for Change directed all of its proceeds from "Send It On" to environmental charities to the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund.^[48] Lovato and Joe Jonas "Make a Wave" in 2010, the second charity single that currently serves as the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change.

[edit] 2009–10: Here We Go Again and Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam soundtrack

Lovato and her band performing on her 2009 Summer Tour

Lovato embarked on the Summer Tour 2009 to promote her second album, Here We Go Again, released in the summer of 2009.^[50] The album debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200 with 108,000 records sold in its first week.^[51] The album was more inspired by acoustic music, such as John Mayer's songs, than her debut's pop rock-influenced sound.^[52] The album received favorable reviews from critics,^[53] Billboard called Lovato "a natural talent who could really take flight after outgrowing Disney."^[54] Allmusic ranked Here We Go Again as one of the best pop albums of 2009.^[55] The album was preceded by the lead single, "Here We Go Again," which was released on June 23, 2009.^[56] It was written by Isaac Hasson, Lindy Robbins and Mher Filian and produced by SuperSpy, for Lovato's second studio album of the same name (2009). It was released as the album's lead single on June 23, 2009, through Hollywood Records. Musically, the song is a power pop song with guitar lines and pop hooks, and the lyrics speak of the protagonist's on-off relationship with a hesitant boyfriend. The song received positive reviews from critics, who praised its pop hook and made comparisons with works by Kelly Clarkson. The song peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Lovato's first top 40 hit on the chart as a solo artist.^[57] The song also peaked at number 38 in New Zealand and in the lower region of the Canadian Hot 100. The accompanying music video was directed by Brendan Malloy and Tim Wheeler. The album's second and final single, "Remember December," was released on November 17, 2009. It was written by John Fields, Lovato and Anne Preven, and produced by Fields. The song was released as the album's second and final single outside North America on January 18, 2010, through Hollywood Records. The song adapts power pop and synthpop genres and diverges from Lovato's usual pop rock sound. The lyrics describe the protagonist's attempt to remind her boyfriend of the good times of their relationship. Lovato described the song's sound as an example of what she wanted her future music to sound like. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics; the majority of them praised its hook and chorus. Several critics also named it one of the album's standouts. The song underperformed commercially; it only managed to reach #6 on Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 (number 106 on the Hot 100) and it peaked at number 80 on the UK Singles Chart. Tim Wheeler directed the accompanying music video, which features appearances from Lovato's female co-stars in Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. Instead of including a love interest in the clip, Lovato chose to give it a theme of female empowerment. Lovato has performed the song numerous times, including on her tour Summer Tour 2009 and The Alan Titchmarsh Show. Lovato's South American Tour^[58] was her first international headlining tour. The tour commenced on May 23, 2010, in Santiago, Chile, and concluded on May 28, 2010, in São Paulo, Brazil. She later joined the Jonas Brothers Live in Concert tour as a special guest.^[59]

The soundtrack, Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam, was released on August 10, 2010. She provided vocals on nine of the songs featured on the soundtrack, including "Brand New Day", "Can't Back Down", "It's On", "You're My Favorite Song", "What We Came Here For", "This Is Our Song", "Different Summers", "It's Not Too Late" and "Wouldn't Change a Thing".^[60] The song was released on July 31, 2010. The song was released as the soundtrack's fourth single. The song failed to chart in the US Billboard Hot 100 but peaked at number 10on the US Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.^[61] The soundtrack peaked at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 and topped the US Billboard Top Soundtracks, and peaked at the top 10 in Brazil, Canada, Italy and Spain. The soundtrack has sold over 500,000 copies and was certified Gold in the United States. The tour is actually Jonas Brothers' 2010 World Tour, which special guests are Demi Lovato and the cast of Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam. The Camp Rock 2 Tour is officially called Jonas Brothers 2010 World Tour/Camp Rock 2 Tour.^[62] Meaghan Martin was not be on tour due to filming a movie. The tour started on August 7, 2010, two weeks later than planned.

[edit] 2010–present: Sonny with a Chance soundtrack, Unbroken and fourth studio album

Demi Lovato at the Festival Verano Iquique in Chile, February 2012

The soundtrack, Sonny with a Chance, was released on It was released on October 5, 2010 from Walt Disney Records. She provided vocals on four of the songs featured on the soundtrack, including "So Far, So Great", "Me, Myself and Time", "What to Do" and "Work of Art". It debuted at no. 163 on the Billboard 200, making it Lovato's lowest debut and peaking soundtrack there.^[63] It also debuted at number 3 on the US Kid Albums and at number 8 on the US Top Soundtracks.^[63] Two singles were released from the soundtrack. The first single to be released was "So Far, So Great". It was released on June 9, 2009 and is the theme song for the series. It first appeared on the album Disney Channel Playlist, and was later released on Demi Lovato's album Here We Go Again as a bonus track.^[64]^[65] The song is about chasing your dreams. It has also received rotation on Radio Disney. Lovato performed the song in her "Summer Tour 2009". It is the ninth and final track of the soundtrack, written by Jeannie Lurie, Aris Archontis and Chen Neeman and the length of the song is two minutes and fourteen seconds. The second single to be released was "Me, Myself and Time". It was published for the title track of the CD. It was released digitally on August 3, 2010, but was shown worldwide on April 11, 2010, the episode was issued Sonny With a Song in the United States chapter of the series in which Sonny shows her singing career performing the song appears to promote the fashion line of her character. The song managed to peak at number 6 on the US Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.

Demi Lovato live in Credicard Hall in São Paulo, Brazil 2012.

Lovato's third studio album, Unbroken, was released on September 20, 2011.^[66]^[67] Lovato began working on the album in July 2010, prior to receiving treatment. She had described it as having a more soulful and R&B inspired sound, citing Keri Hilson and Rihanna as inspirations for the sound.^[68] After Lovato's stint in the treatment facility, producer Timbaland expressed interest in working with her.^[69] Lovato confirmed in July 2011 that she was working on a duet with the producer. The album was described as more "radio friendly" than her previous albums, as she planned to incorporate dance, hip-hop and R&B styles in it. The song received mixed to positive reviews from music critics, praising Lovato's vocals and growth in musicianship compared to her previous two albums, as well as some of the album's ballad tracks. The first single off the album, "Skyscraper", premiered on July 12, 2011, as a promotional single, before the album released. It was written by Toby Gad, Lindy Robbins and Kerli Kõiv and produced by Gad. The song was inspired by a picture of the apocalypse, in which the world was in ruins, and among collapsed buildings, one skyscraper was still standing. Kerli originally recorded "Skyscraper" and Gad offered it to Lovato, who wanted to record it as she felt that both she and her fans could relate to it. When recording it in 2010, Lovato was very emotional which triggered outbursts and caused her to start crying. Later the same year, she entered a treatment facility to deal with her personal struggles. After finishing it in early 2011, she re-recorded the song, but kept the original recording as she felt that it was "symbolic" to her. "Skyscraper" was released on July 12, 2011 via Hollywood Records as the first single from Unbroken. According to Lovato, the song represents the journey she had been on the previous year. Musically, "Skyscraper" is a ballad and the lyrics speak of staying strong and believing in yourself. The track opens with a lonely piano that is soon accompanied by heavy percussion. Lovato showcases breathy and quivering vocals throughout the song. The song was very well received by music critics and also by the media, with the majority of them praising Lovato's vocals and the inspirational lyrics. Upon its release, it was also met with praise from celebrities on the microblogging site Twitter. The song debuted at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100, spending a total of 17 weeks on the chart. The song became Lovato's highest-peaking single on the chart since "This Is Me" peaked at number nine in August 2008. "Skyscraper" sold 176,000 paid digital downloads in its first week of release in the United States, setting a sales record for Lovato. Internationally, the song reached the top twenty in Canada, New Zealand, and the U.S. In August 2011, the song was awarded with Summer Song at the Teen Choice Awards. The song was also officially certified Gold in Australia on April 3, 2012.^[70] The song has sold over 1,000,000 digital copies and was officially certified Platinum in the United States on April 24, 2012.^[71] The song's accompanying music video was directed by Mark Pellington and shot in the Bonneville Salt Flats for twelve hours. Lovato performed the song for the first time at the Do Something Awards on August 18, 2011. The album officially released on September 20, 2011, with sales exceeding 96,000 copies in its first week of release.^[72] On October 24, 2011, Lovato performed the National Anthem at Game 5 of the 2011 World Series.^[73] The album's second single, "Give Your Heart a Break", was officially released on January 23, 2012.^[74]^[75] The track was written and produced by American songwriters Josh Alexander and Billy Steinberg. Musically, it is a dance-pop ballad that comprises instruments like the drums, violin and strings; the latter two, according to music critics, are reminiscent of those used in Coldplay's "Viva la Vida" (Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends, 2008). Hollywood Records serviced the song to mainstream radios on January 23, 2012 in the United States. Lyrically, the song chronicles the protagonist's attempt to win over her lover who has been hurt in a relationship. The song received critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, praising the production as well as Lovato's vocals. The single reached number seventy on the US Billboard Hot 100, and has so far peaked at number 43. It also reached number thirty-nine in Brazil. In Belgium, it peaked at number 32. The music video for the song features Lovato attempting to persuade her lover into falling in love with her again, creating a collage of photographs taken during the video that when put together create a photo of the two in each other's embrace. Lovato has promoted the song through several stage performances, including her performance at the Z100 Jingle Ball concert. Lovato revealed her Summer Tour 2012 and will begin on June 12, 2012 and end on September 1, 2012.

On April 4, 2012, Lovato announced on Twitter that writing for her fourth studio album had began, saying that she was "so excited to start writing for my fourth album", and that "this time, there's NO holding back.."^[76]^[77]

Other work [link]

Philanthropy [link]

Lovato has partnered with mall proprietor GGP as the face of Shop Til You Rock, a music-inspired series of public events, which kick off at malls around the US in Summer 2010. The combines the season’s hottest fashions & today’s most popular musical guests in a series of interactive events.^[78] Lovato is also the spokesperson for anti-bullying organization PACER. Lovato explained to NY Post about becoming a spokesperson against bullying “Bullying is a very serious thing to me, I’ve witnessed it first hand – I was bullied myself when I was 12, I want to be able to help other girls around [my sister’s] age come into their own with a strong confidence in their skin, their size, who they are and everything about themselves.” Lovato is also the spokesperson for the Join the Surge Campaign!, DoSomething.Org and the Clean & Clear Brand launched Joining the Surge, which is a national campaign that empowers teenagers to take action in their communities.^[79]

Lovato is involved in Disney's Friends for Change, an organization which promotes "environmently-friendly behavior", and appears in its public service announcements to raise awareness for the cause on the Disney Channel.^[47] Lovato, Selena Gomez, Miley Cyrus, and the Jonas Brothers recorded "Send It On", a charity single which serves as the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change in 2009. The song debuted on the Hot 100 at number twenty.^[48]^[49] Disney's Friends For Change will direct all of its proceeds from "Send it On" to environmental charities to the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund.^[48] Lovato and Joe Jonas recorded a new song called "Make a Wave", the second charity single which serves as the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change in 2010. In January 2010,^[80] Lovato was one of the many stars featured in a public service announcement for Voto Latino in order to promote the organization's "Be Counted" campaign for the 2010 United States Census.^[81] Lovato is also part of the "A Day Made Better" School Advocacy Campaign.^[82] "The campaign is giving a deserving teacher with $1,000 in school supplies on behalf of OfficeMax’s “A Day Made Better” school advocacy campaign."^[83]

Lovato has also supported charities such as DonateMyDress.org, Kids Wish Network, Love Our Children USA, ST. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and City of Hope.^[84] To raise awareness about personal issues similar to her own, Lovato became a Contributing Editor to Seventeen magazine. She will discuss her personal issues as a part of a larger campaign called "Love is Louder than the Pressure to Be Perfect", directed towards teen girls.^[85]

[edit] Judge on The X Factor

In 2012, rumors that Lovato and Miley Cyrus were in talks to be replacement judges on the season two of the American version of The X-Factor, in hopes of luring a younger audience, began circulating.^[86] Lovato reportedly signed a deal to judge the show on May 13, 2012.^[87] On May 14, 2012, it was officially confirmed that Spears and Lovato would join The X Factor as the two newest judges.^[88] When asked about the new judges, Cowell said: "I'm absolutely delighted Britney and Demi are joining us. Britney remains one of the biggest stars in the world, she's talented, fascinating – and I believe she knows exactly how to spot The X factor. Demi's had an amazing career in music, TV and film for someone her age. She's young, confident, and enthusiastic. I think it’s really important that she speaks to our younger audience. The new panel will be dynamic and will work really well with the changes we are making to the show."^[89]

Personal life [link]

In an interview with Ellen DeGeneres, Lovato admitted to going through painful experiences with bullying in the seventh grade.^[90] According to Lovato, the bullying was so bad that one day, in a fit of frustration and distress, she requested her mom give her a home-schooled education.^[91] In an interview with Fabulous Magazine UK, she said that: "They called me a whore and told me I was fat and ugly. I shouldn't have listened, but I took it to heart and it hurt. I thought maybe I didn't have friends because I was too fat," she remembers. So she starved herself, and anything she did eat, she threw up again. Within six months she had lost over 2st and weighed 6st 4lb - unhealthy for her 5ft 2in height. "I'd make myself sick up to six times a day," she says. "My mum was worried, but because I was going through puberty I was having growth spurts so she assumed that was why I was thinner."^[43] She wrote the song "For the Love of a Daughter" about her estranged father. According to Fabulous Magazine UK, the song is about the rift between Lovato and her father after he - seemingly keen to cash in on his daughter's notoriety - did a series of interviews about her. The betrayal is still raw, and she says she has no interest in rebuilding a relationship with him.^[43] In an MTV interview, Lovato stated that she likes metal music, particularly black metal and metalcore. She called symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir "one of her favorite live acts".^[92] On the July 24, 2009 episode of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Lovato stated that three of her favorite bands were metalcore/symphonic black metal band Abigail Williams, deathcore band Job for a Cowboy and southern metal band Maylene and the Sons of Disaster. On another episode of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, after her release of Unbroken, she stated that she is now more into hip-hop and R & B styles of music, and has moved on from death metal. In the March 2009 issue of Teen Vogue, Lovato stated, "My first passion is music, because it comes naturally to me. Acting has been like a hobby."^[93] Lovato is a Christian and prays with her band before they perform.^[1] She was best friends with Selena Gomez, whom she has known since Lovato "asked her to sit on my jacket and draw with crayons with me" at the Barney & Friends auditions. On March 12, 2010, Lovato confirmed that she had begun dating Joe Jonas, whom she first met while filming Camp Rock in 2007.^[94] On May 24, 2010, Lovato confirmed via her official Twitter that she and Jonas were no longer together. In an interview with UsMagazine, Jonas stated, "Demi and I knew that going into our romantic relationship it may not be an easy one. I realize that over the time we have spent together that I feel I care more about our friendship right now. It was my choice to break up, but I love her as a friend. She's been there for me when I needed her. I will continue to be her friend and be there for her." Lovato is a vegetarian.^[95] Lovato has been honored The Honorary Ambassador of Education award from the American Partnership For Eosinophilic Disorders.^[96] In 2010, on her 18th birthday, Lovato bought her family a Mediterranean Style house in Los Angeles. She said, "For me to give that to my family on my birthday, that was the best present." then added, "It's got pretty much everything you could possibly imagine in it. It's the most beautiful, homey-feeling house. I love it."^[97] Lovato also purchased their current $1.88 million home in Toluca Lake, LA. She bought the house when she was 16 years old.^[98]

Public image [link]

Lovato has been described as an "inspirational person" and has inspired many people after her going through her treatment facility, her release of her song "Skyscraper", and her release of her documentary, Demi Lovato: Stay Strong.^[99] She has inspired many celebrities including Lucy Hale, Katy Perry, Pete Wentz, Selena Gomez, Ashley Tisdale, Kelly Clarkson, Jordin Sparks, Kim Kardashian, Victoria Justice, Cheryl Cole and Britney Spears. ^[100]^[101]^[102]

Personal struggles [link]

On October 30, 2010, Lovato dropped out of the Jonas Brothers Live in Concert World Tour 2010 in order to enter a treatment facility to treat physical and emotional issues.^[103] The tour was not scheduled to be complete until November 13, 2010. Lovato's publicist stated that "she regrets not being able to finish her tour, but is looking forward to getting back to work in the near future."^[104]^[105] In particular, many media sources immediately reported that Lovato had decided to enter treatment right after punching a Jonas Brothers back-up dancer, Alex Welch, on a flight out of Bogotá, Colombia, allegedly because Lovato believed that Welch had informed tour managers of inappropriate behaviour on Lovato's part the previous night, causing Lovato to be confronted by her managers and her stepfather, Eddie de la Garza.^[106] Days after Lovato entered rehab, photos circulated on the internet showing Welch sporting a black eye. Welch subsequently confirmed that the story was true, noting that she had been blindsided by the assault. Although Lovato had pulled aside the tour's back-up dancers prior to the flight and threatened, "If I find out who told on me...", Welch was not concerned because she had not witnessed what had happened the previous night and was not the dancer who had informed on Lovato. Welch claimed that she "didn't get a call or text from Demi or a 'hey, you got a problem with me,' nothing." She said Lovato simply approached her during the flight, punched her, and then "literally walked away and got in her seat." Lovato's representatives responded by saying, "We are in the process of engaging with Alex's lawyer and hope to resolve this as quickly as possible."^[107] Lovato's camp reached a financial settlement with Welch in late December 2010, with Welch stating that the agreement stipulated for a portion of the settlement to be donated to charity.^[108] On January 28, 2011, it was reported that Lovato had completed her inpatient treatment.^[109] She took six months off from the limelight after leaving rehab.^[43] The day after the announcement, a Disney spokesperson told People that Disney "support[s] Demi's decision to put her health first and [they] send her [their] best wishes".^[110]

On January 28, 2011, it was reported that Lovato had completed her inpatient treatment at the rehab facility and returned home to Los Angeles, where she "will continue to see doctors" to "help her work on the issues she confronted in treatment."^[111] On March 8, 2011 an exclusive video was released on Cambio.com in which Lovato thanked her fans for their support during what she described as "the darkest time of my life" and also stated that she was excited to get back to work.^[112] Lovato granted her first post-rehab interview to ABC newscaster Robin Roberts, which aired on Good Morning America and 20/20 on April 22, 2011. During the interview, Lovato confirmed reports that her treatment was for bulimia and self-injury, and had taken place at the Timberline Knolls facility in Illinois after the aforementioned confrontation between her and Welch led to an intervention by her family and management team. Her condition came to a head during the tour because Lovato "was performing concerts on an empty stomach...I was losing my voice from purging. I was self-medicating. I was not taking medication for depression, and I literally was so emotionally whacked out that I took it out on someone that meant a lot to me." Later elaborating on this "self-medicating", Lovato said, "I'm not gonna lie. I was self-medicating. I was doing things like drinking and using [drugs], like a lot of teens do to numb their pain."^[113] Lovato expressed regret at her actions towards Welch, stating "I take 100 percent, full responsibility..."^[114] In another interview, Lovato added that she had "basically had a nervous breakdown",^[19] and was also diagnosed with bipolar disorder during her treatment.^[115] As part of her efforts to raise awareness about issues similar to her own, Lovato was announced in April 2011 as a Contributing Editor to Seventeen magazine. She will discuss her personal issues as a part of a larger campaign called "Love is Louder than the Pressure to Be Perfect", directed towards teen girls.^[116]

On December 23, 2011, Lovato posted a message on Twitter criticizing her former network for airing episodes of Shake It Up and So Random! which featured characters making jokes about eating disorders.^[117]^[118]^[119] Disney Channel publicity officials quickly took action and apologized to Lovato, then removed those episodes from the network's airing cycle and video on demand sources, after further criticism in the wake of Lovato's message to the network's public relations account.^[120]^[121]^[122]^[123] On March 2012, Lovato released her MTV documentary special called "Stay Strong" about her time in rehab.^[124] In the documentary, she opened about her fans, battling her eating disorders and getting back to touring.^[125]

Filmography [link]

Film
Year	Title	Role	Notes
2008	Camp Rock	Mitchie Torres	Disney Channel Original Movie
2009	Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience	Herself	Concert film
2009	Princess Protection Program	Princess Rosalinda	Disney Channel Original Movie
2010	Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam	Mitchie Torres	Disney Channel Original Movie

Television
Year	Title	Role	Notes
2002–2003	Barney & Friends	Angela	Recurring role
2006	Prison Break	Danielle Curtin	"First Down" (season 2: episode 4)
2006	Split Ends	Herself	1 episode
2007–2008	As the Bell Rings	Charlotte Adams	Main role, Season 1
2007	Just Jordan	Nicole	"Slippery When Wet" (season 2: episode 6)
2008	Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream	Herself	(season 2, episode 3)
2008	Studio DC: Almost Live	Herself	Second show
2008	Disney Channel Games 2008	Herself	Third annual
2008	Disney Channel's Totally New Year 2008	Herself	Disney Channel special New Year's event
2009–2011	Sonny with a Chance	Allison "Sonny" Munroe	Lead role
2010–2011	Extreme Makeover: Home Edition	Herself	"The Williams Family" (season 7: episode 23) "The Walker Family" (season 9: episode 9)
2010	Grey's Anatomy	Hayley May	"Shiny Happy People" (season 6: episode 22) People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Guest Star
2010	CNN	Herself	Guest appearance
2010	America's Next Top Model	Herself	(1 episode) Guest appearance
2011	Keeping Up with the Kardashians	Herself	"Kim's Fairytale Wedding: A Kardashian Event, Part 2" (season 6: episode 15) Uncredited (guest at Kim's wedding)
2012	Demi Lovato: Stay Strong	Herself	MTV Special
2012	Demi Lovato: Give Your Heart a Break	Herself	E! Special
2012	Punk'd	Herself	Victim
2012	The X Factor^[126]	Judge	Musical talent show
2012	Born to Be: Demi Lovato	Herself	Released in Canada, released by MuchMusic

Discography [link]

Main article: Demi Lovato discography

Studio albums [link]

2008: Don't Forget
2009: Here We Go Again
2011: Unbroken

Soundtracks [link]

Live albums [link]

2009: Live: Walmart Soundcheck

Tours [link]

Main articles: Demi Lovato tours and List of Demi Lovato promotional tours

Awards and nominations [link]

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Demi Lovato

References [link]

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^ "looktothestars.org". http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/1802-demi-lovato#ixzz12c103WLQ.
^ "Demi Lovato Opens Up About the Pressure to Be Perfect". Seventeen. 2011-04-19. http://www.seventeen.com/health/tips/demi-lovato-hub. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
^ Kaufman, Gil (May 2, 2012). "Demi Lovato, Miley Cyrus Rumored For 'X Factor' Judge Spot". Mtv.com. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1684289/demi-lovato-x-factor-judge-miley-cyrus.jhtml. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
^ Posted: 05/13/2012 10:48 pm Updated: 05/13/2012 10:56 pm. "'The X Factor' Judges: Demi Lovato Signs Deal (REPORT)". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/13/the-x-factor-judges-demi-lovato_n_1513609.html. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
^ "The X Factor New Judges". TheXFactorUSA.com. May 14, 2012. http://www.thexfactorusa.com/articles/the-x-factor-new-judges. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
^ "BRITNEY SPEARS AND DEMI LOVATO JOIN THE X FACTOR JUDGES' PANEL". The X Factor USA. Fox Broadcasting Company. May 14, 2012. http://www.thexfactorusa.com/articles/the-x-factor-new-judges. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
^ "Demi Lovato: I was Bullied!". US Magazine. 2009-05-16. http://www.usmagazine.com/news/demi-lovato-i-was-bullied. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
^ Yao, Laura (2009-05-16). "Disney Demi-Goddess". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/20/AR2008062003077_pf.html. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
^ Chris Harris (2008-08-29). "Demi Lovato metalhead?". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593780/20080828/lovato__demi.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
^ "Solo Act". Teen Vogue. http://www.teenvogue.com/industry/2009/02/demi-lovato-goes-solo. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
^ Cotlier, Sharon (2010-03-13). "Demi Lovato Confirms She's Dating Joe Jonas". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20351501,00.html. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
^ "Demi Lovato and Joe Jonas on their Break Up: Teen Vogue Cover Story: Industry Insider". teenvogue.com. http://www.teenvogue.com/industry/coverlook/2010/07/joe-jonas-demi-lovato-teen-vogue-august-2010?currentPage=2. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
^ "Demi Lovato Accepts Eosinophilic Honorary Ambassador Award « Crushable". Crushable.com. 2009-05-12. http://crushable.com/entertainment/demi-lovato-accepts-eosinophilic-honorary-ambassador-award/. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
^ "Demi Lovato Treats Family to a Home - on Her Birthday". TeenHollywood.com. 2010-08-21. http://www.teenhollywood.com/2010/08/21/lovato-treats-family-to-a-home-on-her-birthday. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
^ "Demi Lovato Buys a House - Demi Lovato". Hollyscoop.com. 2009-04-13. http://www.hollyscoop.com/demi-lovato/demi-lovato-buys-a-house_19889.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
^ http://oceanup.com/2012/may/03/britney-thinks-demi-lovato-inspirational
^ http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/demi-lovatos-skyscraper-earns-celebrity-210868
^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Aptixzd1Ss
^ http://oceanup.com/2012/may/03/britney-thinks-demi-lovato-inspirational
^ "Demi Lovato Enters Treatment Center for "Issues"". E! Online. 2010-11-01. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b208889_demi_lovato_enters_treatment_center.html. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
^ "Demi Lovato Quits Tour, Enters Treatment Center". TMZ. 2010-11-01. http://www.tmz.com/2010/11/01/demi-lovato-quits-tour-enters-rehab-jonas-brothers-concert-treatment/. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
^ Jocelyn Vena (2010-11-01). "Demi Lovato Enters Treatment Center, Leaves Tour". www.mtv.com. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651297/20101101/lovato__demi.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-11-02.
^ Sharon Cotliar (2010-11-03). "Demi Lovato: Details of the Fight that Sent Her to Treatment". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20439172,00.html. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
^ Sharon Cotliar (2010-12-06). "Alex Welch Is Still Waiting for Demi Lovato's Apology". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20447402,00.html. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
^ Sharon Cotliar (2010-12-24). "Alex Welch Is Happy About Settlement with Demi Lovato". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20453132,00.html. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
^ Sharon Cotliar (2011-01-28). "Demi Lovato Finishes Treatment". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20461843,00.html. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
^ Sarah Hammel (2010-11-02). "Disney Supports Demi Lovato's Decision to Seek Treatment". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20438701,00.html. Retrieved 2010-11-02.
^ Sharon Cotliar (2011-01-28). "Demi Lovato Finishes Treatment". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20461843,00.html. Retrieved 2011-01-28. ]
^ "Demi Lovato's Heartfelt Message To Fans". Cambio. http://www.cambio.com/shorts/demi-lovato-s-heartfelt-message-to-fans. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
^ "Demi Lovato Exclusive Interview". Seventeen. 2012-01-04. http://www.seventeen.com/entertainment/features/exclusive-interview-demi-lovato#fbIndex1.
^ Janice Johnston (2011-04-19). "Demi Lovato Interview: Teen Star Opens Up on Bulimia, Cutting Issues". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/demi-lovato-interview-teen-star-opens-bulimia-cutting/story?id=13405090&page=1. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
^ "'Disney' Star Demi Lovato: I'm Bipolar". Fox News. 2011-04-20. http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/04/20/disney-star-demi-lovato-im-bipolar/.
^ "Demi Lovato Opens Up About the Pressure to Be Perfect". Seventeen. 2011-04-19. http://www.seventeen.com/health/tips/demi-lovato-hub. Retrieved 2011-04-19. ]
^ https://twitter.com/#!/ddlovato/statuses/150381654119153665
^ "Twitter / demetria lovato: ...that very disease". Twitter.com. 2011-12-23. https://twitter.com/ddlovato/statuses/150381720930234368. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
^ "Twitter / demetria lovato: Dear Disney Channel, EATIN". Twitter.com. 2011-12-23. https://twitter.com/ddlovato/statuses/150383611907031041. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
^ Marcus, Stephanie (2011-12-23). "Demi Lovato Slams Disney For Eating Disorder Joke On 'Shake It Up' (UPDATE)". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/23/demi-lovato-slams-disney-for-eating-disorder-joke-on-shake-it-up_n_1168436.html. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
^ https://twitter.com/#!/DisneyChannelPR/status/150418514426081281
^ "Demi Lovato Slams Disney Channel - Eating Disorder Joke". Gossip Cop. 2011-12-23. http://www.gossipcop.com/demi-lovato-slams-disney-channel-eating-disorder-joke-shake-it-up/. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
^ "Demi Lovato Fans Upset Over Last Episode Of So Random". Disney InfoNet. 2011-08-18. http://disneyinfonet.com/2011/08/18/demi-lovato-fans-upset-over-last-episode-of-so-random-ddlovato-therealtiffany-disneychanphoto/. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
^ "Demi Lovato: Stay Strong | Full Episodes, Photos, Episode Synopsis and Recaps". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/shows/demi_lovato_stay_strong/series.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
^ Vena, Jocelyn (2012-03-01). "'Demi Lovato: Stay Strong' Trailer: Must-See Moments - Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV.com. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1680267/demi-lovato-stay-strong-trailer-moments.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
^ "Demi Lovato Signs on to Judge 'X Factor'". TMZ.com. 2012-05-13. http://www.tmz.com/2012/05/13/demi-lovato-x-factor-judge/. Retrieved 2012-05-25.

External links [link]

	Biography portal
	United States portal
	Music portal

Find more about Demi Lovato on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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Official website
Demi Lovato's channel on YouTube
Demi Lovato on Google+
Demi Lovato at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Demi Lovato

Discography Awards and nominations Tours Promotional tours

Studio albums	Don't Forget Here We Go Again Unbroken

Soundtracks	Camp Rock Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam Sonny with a Chance

Live albums	Live: Walmart Soundcheck

Singles	"This Is Me" "Get Back" "La La Land" "Here We Go Again" "Remember December" "Wouldn't Change a Thing" "Skyscraper" "Give Your Heart a Break"

Featured singles	"We Rock" "We'll Be a Dream" "It's On"

Promotional singles	"Send It On" "Gift of a Friend" "Make a Wave" "Can't Back Down" "Me, Myself and Time"

Other songs	"That's How You Know" "Lo Que Soy" "Don't Forget" "Two Worlds Collide" "So Far, So Great" "Work of Art" "What to Do" "One and the Same" "Unbroken" "For the Love of a Daughter"

Filmography	Camp Rock Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience Princess Protection Program Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam

Television	Barney & Friends As the Bell Rings Sonny with a Chance The X Factor

Related articles	Hollywood Records Jonas Brothers Joe Jonas Madison De La Garza

Book Category

The X Factor (U.S.)

Seasons

1 · 2

Hosts

Former	Steve Jones

Judges

Current	Simon Cowell · L.A. Reid · Britney Spears · Demi Lovato

Former	Cheryl Cole · Paula Abdul · Nicole Scherzinger

Winners

Melanie Amaro

Winners' songs

"Listen"

Runners-up

Josh Krajcik

List of finalists (season 1) · The X Factor · SYCOtv · FremantleMedia North America · Fox

v t e Hollywood Records

Solo artists	Adam Hicks Anna Margaret Bridgit Mendler China Anne McClain Demi Lovato Jesse McCartney Jessica Sutta Marié Digby Miley Cyrus

Groups	Atreyu Breaking Benjamin Capra Grace Potter and the Nocturnals Plain White T's Queen Selena Gomez & the Scene

Former artists	List of former Hollywood Records artists

v t e Jonas Brothers

Joe Jonas Kevin Jonas Nick Jonas

Studio albums	It's About Time Jonas Brothers A Little Bit Longer Lines, Vines and Trying Times

Soundtracks	Camp Rock Music from The 3D Concert Experience Jonas L.A. Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam

Extended plays	Artist Karaoke Series: Jonas Brothers Be Mine iTunes Live from SoHo

Live albums	Jonas Brothers Live: Walmart Soundcheck

Concert tours	Fall 2005 Promo Tour Marvelous Party Tour When You Look Me in the Eyes Tour Burnin' Up Tour Jonas Brothers World Tour 2009 Jonas Brothers Live in Concert World Tour 2010

Television	Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream (List of episodes) Jonas L.A. (List of episodes)

Related articles	Discography Awards and nominations Songs Frankie Jonas Demi Lovato Jonas

v t e Jonas Brothers singles

It's About Time (2005-2006)	"Mandy" "Year 3000"

Jonas Brothers (2007-2008)	"Year 3000" "Hold On" "SOS" " When You Look Me in the Eyes"

A Little Bit Longer (2008-2009)	"Burnin' Up" "Lovebug" "Tonight"

Lines, Vines and Trying Times (2009)	"Paranoid" "Fly with Me" "Keep It Real"

Featured singles	"We Rock" "Send It On" "We Are The World: 25 For Haiti" (with various artists) "Make a Wave" (Demi Lovato featuring Joe Jonas)

Soundtrack singles	"Play My Music" "This Is Me" (Demi Lovato featuring Joe Jonas) "L.A. Baby (Where Dreams Are Made Of)" "Feelin' Alive" "Wouldn't Change a Thing" (Demi Lovato and Joe Jonas) "Heart and Soul"

Other songs	"Poor Unfortunate Souls" "Kids of the Future" "Shelf" "Dance Until Tomorrow"

v t e Joe Jonas

Discography

Studio albums	Fastlife

Singles	"See No More" "Just in Love"

Promotional singles	"Send It On" "Make A Wave" "Love Slayer"

As featured artist	"We Rock" "This Is Me" "We Are the World 25 for Haiti"

Concert tours	"Joe Jonas & Jay Sean Tour" "Femme Fatale Tour"

Related articles	Jonas Jonas Brothers Demi Lovato Camp Rock Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2011)

King África

Background information
Birth name	Alan Duffy
Born	(1971-10-31) October 31, 1971 (age 40) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Origin	Argentina
Genres	Latin, Pop
Occupations	singer
Years active	1993–present
Labels	UMG, Sony

Alan Duffy better known by his stage name King África (born October 31, 1971) is an Argentine recording artist of British descent. He is well known in Latin America and Spain for his dance music and unique, intense voice.

1 Biography
2 Discography
3 References
4 External links

Biography [link]

King África was born Alan Duffy in Buenos Aires in 1971. His first appearance on record was August 1992 in the album DJ Dero - Volume 1 with the track "EOE".^[1] This was followed in Summer 1993 with "Pontel Pónselo".^[1] that quickly became a club favorite introducing King África. The debut album was El Africano went on sale in mid-1993, reaching platinum status in Argentina and Chile,^[1] and featured the single "Salta", that topped the charts across Latin America.

Then King África focused on preparing a live CD, from his tour performances in 1993 and early 1994 taking him to the remotest corners of South America, achieving unprecedented success. The release in late 1994 of the much-anticipated sophomore work, Al Palo had great impact. Title single "Al Palo" and also "Mamá Yo Quiero" quickly climbed the charts in all of Latin America.

In Chile, where King África had a particularly high rating, was invited to the 1995 International Song Festival of Viña del Mar, where he played together with a large band and won the sympathy of the public, as well as critical acclaim. His act spread quickly across the continent after the Viña del Mar event. He also performed in Africa.

Then he recorded what would be his next success the album Remix with new versions of their earlier hits and some new songs. The album included the single "Cachete, pechito y ombligo" produced by Sandy & Papo and released in Summer 1996, after which King África returned back to his touring organized in many Latin American countries by MTV Latino. He also performed in the Acapulco Festival (Mexico), in Miami, and Sweden.

After Remix, the band saw great changes in the composition and image. The next release was in 1997 with the album Animal another big success throughout Latin America. In 1998 he started a new Latin American tour, also traveling to Europe, most notably in Spain. He took part in the Carnival of Tenerife where his hit "The Chameleon" was chosen as the number one tune for the carnival.

Efforts to gain truly international fame came with the mega-hit "La Bomba" and with the European launch of the Greatest Hits album La Bomba (Grandes éxitos), reaching the top of the Spanish top 40.^[1] "La Bomba" King África's cover version of the song by the Bolivian group Azul Azul) became "Song of the Summer", top selling single and top radio play. Seeing great success in European charts, he toured with 150 concerts in Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Romania and the Netherlands. La Bomba (Grandes éxitos) became a gold disc in Spain, Portugal and Belgium.

Early in 2001 King África launched "Carnavalito EP" (in advance of his album "Pachanga"), with four songs most notably the song "El Humahuaqueño". In April 2001 he released his new album Pachanga that included topics such as "Comadre Compadre," "El Humahuaqueño" and "Salta" (2001 remix). The latter was used for the advertisement of Pringles potato chips with high global impact. The US and Puerto Rico version of the album "Pachanga" contained a special reggaeton remix of "El Humahuaqueño". The same version went gold in Spain. Billboard magazine nominated King África as "Best Pop Artist revelation to Billboard Latin Awards and album Pachanga as Latin "Album of the Year".

Also in 2001, he was invited to take part in "Son Latino" festival in Tenerife's scenic Playa de las Vistas singing before 250,000 people to a standing ovation. His tour was extended to the United States and Canada, where he was invited to participate in the election of Miss Hawaiian Tropic World held in Las Vegas. The event was broadcast live on television worldwide.

In 2002 the artist released Energía, an album that included songs like "Mete-mete" and "Vitorino", the latter duo with Los del Río (known best for "La Macarena"). In France, he attained gold status with the CD single for "La Bomba (remix)" exceeding sales of 250,000 copies.

In 2003 published the album: "Buena Onda" which contains songs such as: butter, you look good, and hit Tesouro do Pirata (Onda Onda). In July this year went to Japan to support a number of presentations on radio and television in the cities of Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama and Tokyo, his album "King Africa - Greatest Hits," released in that country, and because that his version of the item: La Bomba is one of the three most popular songs from the chart of the Japanese radios do several concerts with great success.

In 2004 went on sale: "Reggaeton Mix," containing items such as: "My grandmother made the next great Puerto Rican Wilfred" (Wilfred singer and Ganga, a group famous in the 90s), and the hit, "Golosa." That same year King traveled to Africa for the first time Costa Rica for several concerts.

At the beginning of 2005 participated in the television program "Big Brother VIP 2" of Spain, and immediately left the competition when it introduced the album: "VIP Party". King Africa, on this record, released a great compilation of 21 songs that have become famous throughout the world, including the mega-hit: "The Chocolate Makers Paquito" (a "paso doble" based on the 1937 work by the Spaniard composer Gustavo Pascual Falcó).

In the year 2006 published in the compilation "Caribbean 2006" (Vale Music) Song: "Saturday Night" (Di Di La La La), a classic of the 90s, and in 2007 hits the market in the compilation "Caribbean 2007 "(Universal - Vale Music) with his version: "Blossom" (Blossom Murderer) (Caribbean Remix), a song that triumph throughout Latin America.

In December 2007, Vale Music celebrates its 10th Anniversary launched the album: "Vale Music: 10 years in our own way", which includes 17 big hits version 17 of its great artists. As it could not be less, as a veteran artist of Vale Music, King Africa was invited to participate in this great celebration of the group performing a version O-Zone, the song is the big hit: "Dragostea Din Tei."

In May 2008, Vale Music distributed his successful album "Caribbean 2008," including a new summer song (track 1, on CD2), called: "Chispum." In early June, Vale Music editing compiled "Disco Estrella 2008" which includes a composition by Rodolfo Chikilicuatre. King África: "Dance the chiki chiki," a version they made together for Andreu Buenafuente's program.

His compilation contributed to the success of 10th Annual Latino Dance Vale Music Festival (Spain), in May 2009, and King África contributed to Caribbean 2009: The summer is blue with a new composition: "Tiki and Taka."

References [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bonacich, Drago "King Africa Biography", Allmusic, retrieved 2011-07-23

External links [link]

King África at Allmusic
Biography

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This article is about the recording artist. For his self-titled album, see Elliott Smith (album). For the biography, see Elliott Smith (book). For the archeologist, see Grafton Elliot Smith.

Elliott Smith
Smith performing in Los Angeles, February 2003.
Background information
Birth name	Steven Paul Smith
Born	(1969-08-06)August 6, 1969 Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
Died	October 21, 2003(2003-10-21) (aged 34) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres	Lo-fi, indie rock, indie folk
Occupations	Musician
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, piano, clarinet, bass guitar, harmonica, drums. Melodica
Years active	1991–2003
Labels	Virgin/Caroline, Cavity Search, Kill Rock Stars, Suicide Squeeze, DreamWorks, ANTI-, Domino
Associated acts	Heatmiser, Quasi, Mary Lou Lord, Pete Krebs, No. 2
Website	sweetadeline.net

Steven Paul "Elliott" Smith (August 6, 1969 – October 21, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. Smith was born in Omaha, Nebraska, raised primarily in Texas, and resided for a significant portion of his life in Portland, Oregon, where he first gained popularity. His primary instrument was the guitar, but he was also proficient at piano, clarinet, bass guitar, drums, and harmonica. Smith had a distinctive vocal style characterized by his "whispery, spiderweb-thin delivery"^[1] and use of multi-tracking to create vocal layers, textures, and harmonies.

After playing in the rock band Heatmiser for several years, Smith began his solo career in 1994 with releases on the independent record labels Cavity Search and Kill Rock Stars. In 1997 he signed a contract with DreamWorks Records, for which he recorded two albums. Smith rose to mainstream prominence when his song "Miss Misery"—included in the soundtrack for the film Good Will Hunting—was nominated for an Oscar in the Best Original Song category in 1998.

Smith suffered from depression, alcoholism, and drug addiction, and these topics often appear in his lyrics. At age 34, he died in Los Angeles, California from two stab wounds to the chest.^[2] The autopsy evidence was inconclusive as to whether the wounds were self-inflicted.^[3] At the time of his death, Smith was working on his sixth studio album, From a Basement on the Hill, which was posthumously released.

1 Early life
2 Career
3 Death
- 3.1 Reaction
4 Posthumous releases
5 Musical style and influences
6 Selected discography
7 References
8 External links

Early life [link]

Steven Paul Smith was born at the Clarkson Hospital in Omaha, Nebraska, the only child to Gary Smith, a student at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Bunny Kay Berryman, an elementary school music teacher. His parents divorced when he was six months old, and Smith moved with his mother to Duncanville, Texas. Much later in his life, Smith got a tattoo of a map of Texas on his upper arm and said, "I didn't get it because I like Texas, kind of the opposite. But I won't forget about it, although I'm tempted to because I don't like it there."^[4]

Smith endured a difficult childhood^[5] and a troubled relationship with his stepfather Charlie Welch.^[6] Later in life, Smith would come to believe that he had been sexually abused by Welch at a young age.^[7] He reflected the impact of this part of his life in the lyrics of "Some Song": "Charlie beat you up week after week, and when you grow up you're going to be a freak."^[6] The name "Charlie" also appeared in the lyrics for "Flowers for Charlie" and "No Confidence Man". The family was a part of the Community of Christ through much of Smith's childhood,^[8] but eventually began attending services at a local Methodist Church. Smith felt that going to church did little for him, except make him "really scared of Hell".^[9] In a 2001 interview, he stated, "I don't necessarily buy into any officially structured version of spirituality. But I have my own version of it".^[10]

At the age of nine, Smith began playing the piano, and at 10 began learning guitar on a small acoustic guitar bought for him by his father.^[11] At this age he also composed an original piano piece, "Fantasy", which won him a prize at an arts festival.^[12] Many of the people on his mother's side of the family were non-professional musicians; his grandfather was a Dixieland drummer and his grandmother sang in a glee club.^[12]

At 14, Smith moved from Texas to Portland, Oregon, to live with his father, who was then working as a psychiatrist, along with his step-mother and two half sisters. It was around this time that Smith first began using drugs, including alcohol, with friends as well as experimenting with recording for the first time, borrowing a four-track recorder.^[12] During high school, Smith played clarinet in the school band and also played guitar, piano and sang in the bands Stranger Than Fiction^[6] and A Murder of Crows,^[13] billed as either Steven Smith or "Johnny Panic".^[14] He graduated from Lincoln High School as a National Merit Scholar.^[15]

After graduation, Smith began calling himself "Elliott", saying that he thought "Steve" sounded too much like a "jock" name, and that "Steven" sounded "too bookish".^[15] According to friends, he had also used the pseudonym "Elliott Stillwater-Rotter" during his time in the band Murder of Crows.^[16] Biographer S. R. Shutt speculates that it was either inspired by Elliott Avenue, a street that Smith had lived on in Portland, or that it was suggested by his then-girlfriend. A junior high acquaintance of Smith speculates that it was so as not to be confused with Steve Smith, the drummer of Journey.^[17]

Career [link]

1991–1993: Heatmiser [link]

Main article: Heatmiser

Smith graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1991 with a degree in philosophy and political science. "Went straight through in four years," he explained to Under the Radar in 2003. "I guess it proved to myself that I could do something I really didn't want to for four years. Except I did like what I was studying. At the time it seemed like, 'This is your one and only chance to go to college and you had just better do it because some day you might wish that you did.' Plus, the whole reason I applied in the first place was because of my girlfriend, and I had gotten accepted already even though we had broken up before the first day." After he graduated he "worked in a bakery back in Portland with a bachelor’s degree in philosophy and legal theory."^[11]

While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust.^[18] After graduating from Hampshire, the band added drummer Tony Lash and bassist Brandt Peterson and began performing around Portland in 1992. The group released the albums Dead Air (1993) and Cop and Speeder (1994) as well as the Yellow No. 5 EP (1994) on Frontier Records, and were then signed to Virgin Records to release what became their final album, Mic City Sons (1996).

Around this time, Smith and Gust worked a number of odd jobs around Portland, including installing drywall, spreading gravel, transplanting bamboo trees and painting the roof of a warehouse with heat reflective paint. The pair were also on unemployment for some time, which they considered an "artist grant".^[19]

Smith had begun his solo career while still in Heatmiser, and the success of his first two releases created distance and tension with his band.^[19] Heatmiser disbanded prior to Mic City Sons' release, prompting Virgin to put the album out inauspiciously through its independent arm, Caroline Records. A clause in Heatmiser's record contract with Virgin meant that Smith was still bound to it as an individual. The contract was later bought-out by DreamWorks prior to the release of his album, XO.

[edit] 1994: Roman Candle

	"Condor Ave" noicon Sample of Elliott Smith's "Condor Ave" from Roman Candle (1994), reported to have been written when he was around 17 years old,^[6] showing Smith's early songwriting style and lo-fi sound.
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His first release, Roman Candle (1994), came about when Smith's girlfriend at the time convinced him to send a tape of "the most recent eight songs that [he’d] recorded on borrowed four-tracks and borrowed guitar" to Cavity Search Records.^[19] Owner Christopher Cooper immediately requested to release the entire album of songs, which surprised Smith, as he was only expecting a deal for a seven-inch record.^[20] Regarding the record, Smith said "I thought my head would be chopped off immediately when it came out because at the time it was so opposite to the grunge thing that was popular... The thing is that album was really well-received, which was a total shock, and it immediately eclipsed [Heatmiser] unfortunately."^[19]

Smith felt his solo songs were not representative of the music Heatmiser was making: "The idea of playing [my music] for people didn't occur to me... because at the time it was the Northwest—Mudhoney and Nirvana—and going out to play an acoustic show was like crawling out on a limb and begging for it to be sawed off." ^[21]

The instrumentation of the recordings was primarily acoustic guitar, occasionally accompanied by brief electric guitar riffs or a small drum set played with brushes. Only the final track, an instrumental titled "Kiwi Maddog 20/20" (a reference to the low-end fortified wine), had full band instrumentation.

One of Smith's first solo performances was at the now-defunct Umbra Penumbra on September 17, 1994. Only three songs from Roman Candle were performed, with the majority of the ten-song set being B-sides, Heatmiser tunes, and unreleased tracks.^[22] Soon after this performance, he was asked to open for Mary Lou Lord on a week-long U.S. tour. Several more short tours followed, and Smith helped her record one of his songs "I Figured You Out", which he once called "a stupid pop song [written] in about a minute" that he discarded for sounding "like the fucking Eagles."^[23] Despite this, Smith continued to perform the song live until his death in 2003.

[edit] 1995–1996: Elliott Smith and Either/Or

	"Pictures of Me" noicon Sample of Elliott Smith's "Pictures of Me" from Either/Or (1997) showing his style of vocal harmony through multi-tracking. The track also showcases the album's expanded instrumentation, with all instruments being played by Smith.
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In 1995, Smith's self-titled album was released on Kill Rock Stars; the record featured a similar style of recording to Roman Candle, but with hints of growth and experimentation. Though the majority of the album was recorded by Smith alone, friend and The Spinanes vocalist Rebecca Gates sang harmony vocals on "St. Ides Heaven", and Heatmiser guitarist Neil Gust played guitar on "Single File". Several songs made reference to drugs, but Smith explained that he used the theme of drugs as a vehicle for conveying dependence rather than the songs being about drugs specifically.^[24] Looking back, Smith felt that the album's pervasive mood gave him "a reputation for being a really dark, depressed person," and said that he later made a conscious move toward more diverse moods in his music.^[25]

Elliott Smith performing live in New York City, 1997.

In 1996, filmmaker Jem Cohen recorded Smith playing acoustic songs for the short film Lucky Three: An Elliott Smith Portrait. Two of these songs would appear on his next album, Either/Or, which was another Kill Rock Stars release. Either/Or came out in 1997 to favorable reviews.^[26] The album found Smith venturing further into full instrumentation, with several songs containing bass guitar, drums, keyboards, and electric guitars, all played by Smith. The album title was derived from the two-volume book of the same name by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, whose works generally deal with themes such as existential despair, angst, death, and God.

By this time, Smith's already-heavy drinking was now being compounded with use of anti-depressants.^[27] At the end of the Either/Or tour, some of his close friends staged an intervention in Chicago,^[27] but it proved ineffective.^[5] Shortly after, he relocated from Portland to Brooklyn.^[28]

1997–1998: "Miss Misery" and the Oscars [link]

In 1996, Smith was tapped by director and fellow Portland resident Gus Van Sant to be a part of the soundtrack to his film, Good Will Hunting. Smith recorded an orchestral version of "Between the Bars" with composer Danny Elfman for the movie. Smith also contributed a new song, "Miss Misery," and three previously-released tracks ("No Name #3", from Roman Candle, and "Angeles" and "Say Yes", from Either/Or). The film was a commercial and critical success, and Smith was nominated for an Academy Award for "Miss Misery". Not eager to step into the limelight, he only agreed to perform the song at the ceremony after the producers informed him that his song would be played live that night—either by him or another musician of their choosing.^[19]

File:Elliottsmithoscars.jpg

Elliott Smith performing "Miss Misery" at the 1998 Academy Awards.

On March 5, 1998, Smith made his network television debut on Late Night With Conan O'Brien performing "Miss Misery" solo on acoustic guitar.^[29] A few days later, wearing a white suit, he played an abridged version of the song at the Oscars, accompanied by the house orchestra. James Horner and Will Jennings won the award that night for best song with "My Heart Will Go On" (sung by Celine Dion) from the film Titanic. Smith did not voice disappointment about not winning the award.^[30]

Smith commented on the surrealism of the Oscars experience: "That's exactly what it was, surreal... I enjoy performing almost as much as I enjoy making up songs in the first place. But the Oscars was a very strange show, where the set was only one song cut down to less than two minutes, and the audience was a lot of people who didn't come to hear me play. I wouldn't want to live in that world, but it was fun to walk around on the moon for a day."^[31]

[edit] 1998–2000: XO and Figure 8

In 1998, after the success of Either/Or and "Miss Misery", Smith signed to a bigger record label, DreamWorks Records. Around the same time, Smith fell into depression, speaking openly of considering suicide,^[27] and on at least one occasion^[5] made a serious attempt at ending his own life.^[32] While in North Carolina, he became severely intoxicated and ran off a cliff. He landed on a tree, which badly impaled him but broke his fall.^[5] When questioned about his suicide attempt, he told an interviewer, "Yeah, I jumped off a cliff, but let's talk about something else."^[28]

Christopher Cooper, head of Cavity Search Records (which released Roman Candle), said about this time in Smith's life: "I talked him out of thinking that he wanted to kill himself numerous times when he was in Portland. I kept telling him that he was a brilliant man, and that life was worth living, and that people loved him."^[27] Pete Krebs also agreed: "In Portland we got the brunt of Elliott's initial depression... Lots of people have stories of their own experiences of staying up with Elliott 'til five in the morning, holding his hand, telling him not to kill himself."^[28]

Smith's first release for DreamWorks was later that year. Titled XO, it was conceived and developed while Smith wrote it out over the winter of 1998, night after night seated at the bar in Luna Lounge, it was produced by the team of Rob Schnapf and Tom Rothrock. XO also contained some instrumentation from Los Angeles musicians Joey Waronker and Jon Brion. It contained a more full-sounding, baroque pop sound than any of his previous efforts, with songs featuring a horn section, Chamberlins, elaborate string arrangements, and even a drum loop on the song "Independence Day". His familiar double-tracked vocal and acoustic guitar style were still apparent while his somewhat personal lyrical style survived. The song "Waltz #2" even touches upon the abusive tendencies of his stepfather toward himself and his mother with lines like "XO, mom, it's ok, it's alright, nothing's wrong."The album went on to peak at number 104 on the Billboard 200^[33] and number 123 on the UK Album Charts,^[34] while selling 400,000 copies^[35] (more than double that of each of his two Kill Rock Stars releases), becoming the best-selling release of his career.^[36] Smith's backing band during most of this period was the Portland-based group Quasi, consisting of former bandmate Sam Coomes on bass guitar and Coomes's ex-wife Janet Weiss on drums. Quasi also performed as the opening act at many shows on the tour, with Smith sometimes contributing bass guitar, guitar, or backing vocals. On October 17, 1998, Smith appeared on Saturday Night Live and performed "Waltz #2." His backing band for this appearance was John Moen, Jon Brion, Rob Schnapf, and Sam Coomes.

File:Elliottsmithfigure8era.jpg

Smith in a press photo c. 2000.

In response to whether the change to a bigger record label would influence his creative control, Smith said, "[S]ometimes people look at major labels as simply money-making machines, they're actually composed of individuals who are real people, and there's a part of them that needs to feel that part of their job is to put out good music."^[37] Smith also claimed in another interview that he never read his reviews for fear that they would interfere with his songwriting.^[38]

	"Son of Sam" noicon Sample of Elliott Smith's "Son of Sam", the first single from Figure 8 (2000) showing Smith's continuing development of a "more sonically detailed"^[39] and lush sound.
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Smith relocated from Brooklyn to Los Angeles in 1999,^[28] taking up residence at a cabin in the Silver Lake section of town.^[40] That fall, his cover of The Beatles' "Because" was featured in the end credits of DreamWorks' Oscar-winning drama American Beauty, and also appeared on the film's soundtrack album.

The final album Smith completed in his lifetime, Figure 8, was released on April 18, 2000. It featured the return of Rothrock, Schnapf, Brion, and Waronker, and was partially recorded at Abbey Road Studios in England, with an obvious Beatles influence in the songwriting and production. The album garnered very favorable reviews,^[41] peaking at number 99 on the Billboard 200^[42] and 37 on the UK Album Charts.^[34] The album garnered praise for its power pop style and complex arrangements, described as creating a "sweeping kaleidoscope of layered instruments and sonic textures."^[39] However, some reviewers felt that Smith's trademark dark and melancholy songwriting had lost some of its subtlety, with one reviewer likening some of the lyrics to "the self-pitying complaints of an adolescent venting in his diary."^[43]

Album art and promotional pictures from the period showed Smith looking cleaned-up and put-together. An extensive tour in promotion of the record ensued, bookended by television appearances on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Late Show with David Letterman. However, Smith's condition began to deteriorate as he had become addicted to heroin either towards the end of or just after the Figure 8 tour.^[5]

2001–2002: Addiction and scrapped recordings [link]

Smith performing in New York City in 2003

Around the time he began recording his final album, Smith began to display signs of paranoia, often believing that a white van followed him wherever he went.^[44] He would have friends drop him off for recording sessions almost a mile away from the studio, and to reach the location he would trudge through hundreds of yards of brush and cliffs. He started telling people that DreamWorks was out to get him: "Not long ago my house was broken into, and songs were stolen off my computer which have wound up in the hands of certain people who work at a certain label. I've also been followed around for months at a time. I wouldn't even want to necessarily say it's the people from that label who are following me around, but it was probably them who broke into my house."^[19] During this period, Smith hardly ate, subsisting primarily on ice cream. He would go for several days without sleeping, and then sleep for an entire day.

A follow-up to Smith's 2000 album was originally planned to happen with Rob Schnapf, but their sessions were abandoned. Smith also began distancing himself from manager Margaret Mittleman, who had handled him since the Roman Candle days.^[5] He finally began recording a new album with only himself and Jon Brion as producers sometime during 2001. The pair had recorded a substantial amount of music for the album, when Brion confronted Smith about his drug and alcohol abuse.^[45] Their friendship promptly ended, and Smith scrapped all of their work up until that point. He later said: "There was even a little more than half of a record done before this new one that I just scrapped because of a blown friendship with someone that made me so depressed I didn't want to hear any of those songs. He was just helping me record the songs and stuff, and then the friendship kind of fell apart all of a sudden one day. It just made it kind of awkward being alone in the car listening to the songs."^[19]

When Brion sent a bill for the abandoned sessions to DreamWorks, executives Lenny Waronker and Luke Wood scheduled a meeting with Smith to determine what went wrong with the sessions. The singer voiced what he believed to be intrusion upon his personal life from the label, as well as poor promotion for the Figure 8 album. The talks proved to be fruitless, and soon after, Smith sent a message to the executives, stating that if they did not release him from his contract, he would take his own life.^[5] In May 2001, Smith set out to re-record the album, mostly on his own, but with some help from David McConnell of Goldenboy. McConnell told Spin that, during this time, Smith would smoke over $1,500 worth of heroin and crack per day, would often talk about suicide, and on numerous occasions tried to give himself an overdose. Steven Drozd of The Flaming Lips and Scott McPherson played a few drum tracks, Sam Coomes contributed some bass guitar and backing vocals, but almost every other instrument was recorded by Smith.

One of the few highlights for Smith in 2001 was inclusion of his song "Needle in the Hay" in Wes Anderson's dark comedy The Royal Tenenbaums.^[46] The song plays during a suicide attempt. Smith was originally supposed to contribute a cover of The Beatles' "Hey Jude" for the film, but when he failed to do so in time, Anderson had to use The Mutato Muzika Orchestra's version of the track instead.^[47] Anderson would later say that Smith "was in a bad state" at the time.^[47]

Smith's live performances during 2001 and 2002 were infrequent, typically in the Pacific Northwest or Los Angeles. A review of his December 20, 2001, show at Portland's Crystal Ballroom stated concern over his appearance and performance: his hair was uncharacteristically greasy and long; his face was bearded and gaunt; and during his songs he exhibited alarming signs of "memory-loss and butterfingers".^[48] The crowd would often have to shout out the lyrics (and in some cases, guitar chords) when Smith could not think of them.^[49]

In the first of only three concerts performed in 2002, Smith co-headlined Northwestern University's A&O Ball with Wilco on May 2 in Chicago.^[50] He was onstage for nearly an hour, but failed to complete a single song.^[7] He claimed that his poor performance was due to his left hand having fallen asleep, and told the audience it felt "like having stuff on your hand and you can't get it off."^[7] Smith's performance was reviewed as "undoubtedly one of the worst performances ever by a musician"^[51] and an "excruciating...nightmare".^[52] A reporter for the online magazine Glorious Noise made the statement, "[I]t would not surprise me at all if Elliott Smith ends up dead within a year."^[53]

On November 25, 2002, Smith was involved in a brawl with the Los Angeles Police Department at a Flaming Lips/Beck concert.^[54] Smith later said he was defending a man he thought the police were harassing. Assuming that Smith was homeless, the officers allegedly beat and arrested him and his girlfriend, Jennifer Chiba. The two spent the night in jail. Smith's hand and back were injured in the incident, causing him to cancel a number of shows.^[19] Wayne Coyne, lead singer of The Flaming Lips and a friend of Smith's, stated concern over Smith's appearance and actions, saying that he "saw a guy who had lost control of himself. He was needy, he was grumpy, he was everything you wouldn't want in a person. It's not like when you think of Keith Richards being pleasantly blissed out in the corner."^[55]

[edit] 2003: Reemergence and From a Basement on the Hill

Smith had attempted to go to rehab several times, but found that he was unable to relate to the popular treatments for addicts that use a Twelve-Step Program basis for treatment. "I couldn't do the first step...I couldn't say what you were supposed to say and mean it."^[19] In 2002, Smith went to the Neurotransmitter Restoration Center in Beverly Hills to start a course of treatment for his drug addiction. In one of his final interviews, he spoke about the center, "What they do is an IV treatment where they put a needle in your arm, and you're on a drip bag, but the only thing that's in the drip bag is amino acids and saline solution. I was coming off of a lot of psych meds and other things. I was even on an antipsychotic, although I'm not psychotic."^[19]

Two sold-out solo acoustic concerts at Hollywood's Henry Fonda Theater, on January 31 and February 1, 2003 saw Smith attempting to reestablish his credibility as a live performer,^[56] yielding mixed results. Before the show, Smith scrawled "Kali – The Destroyer" (the Hindu goddess associated with time and change) in large block letters with permanent ink on his left arm, which was visible to the crowd during the performance.^[57]^[58] On several songs he was backed by a stripped-down drum kit played by Robin Peringer (of the band 764-HERO), and on one track, members of opening band Rilo Kiley contributed backing vocals. Smith would play only one more concert in his adopted hometown, three months later at The Derby.

After his 34th birthday on August 6, 2003, he gave up alcohol, caffeine, red meat, refined sugar, and his longtime (sometimes abused) regimen of psychiatric medication.^[5] Director Mike Mills had been working with Smith during his final years and described Smith's troubles and apparent recovery: "I gave the script to him, then he dropped off the face of the earth...he went through his whole crazy time, but by the time I was done with the film, he was making From a Basement on the Hill and I was shocked that he was actually making music."^[59]

	"Shooting Star" noicon Sample of Elliott Smith's "Shooting Star" appearing on the posthumously released From a Basement on the Hill (2004) showing a dissonant passage on distorted guitar, an example of Smith's experimentation with different sounds and a "more noisy" style before he died.
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With things improving for Smith after several troubled years, he began experimenting with noise music and worked on his girlfriend Jennifer Chiba's iMac with the intent of learning how to record with computers, noting that it was the only method with which he was still unfamiliar.^[19] Smith jokingly labeled his experimental way of recording "The California Frown" (a play on the Beach Boys' "California Sound").^[60] He said of the songs, "They're kind of more noisy with the pitch all distorted. Some are more acoustic, but there aren't too many like that. Lately I've just been making up a lot of noise."^[19]

He was also in the process of recording songs for the Thumbsucker soundtrack,^[61] including Big Star's "Thirteen", and Cat Stevens' "Trouble".^[59] In August 2003, Suicide Squeeze Records put out a limited-edition vinyl single for "Pretty (Ugly Before)", a song that Smith had been playing since the Figure 8 tour. Steve Hanft described the last six months of Smith's life as being "like the light at the end of the tunnel" and was convinced that Smith was clean and recovered.^[62]

Death [link]

Smith died on October 21, 2003, at age 34 from two stab wounds to the chest.^[2] At the time of the stabbing, he was at his Lemoyne Street home in Echo Park, California,^[63] where he lived with his girlfriend, Jennifer Chiba. According to Chiba, the two were arguing,^[35] and she locked herself in the bathroom to take a shower.^[64] Chiba heard him scream, and upon opening the door, saw Smith standing with a knife in his chest. She pulled the knife out, after which he collapsed and she called 9-1-1. Smith died in the hospital with the time of death listed as 1:36 p.m. A possible suicide note, written on a Post-it, read, "I'm so sorry—love, Elliott. God forgive me."^[2] The coroner's report had the name Elliott misspelled as "Elliot," however "a coroner's official told TSG that Smith's first name was misspelled in the report," not on the Post-it note.^[2]

While Smith's death was originally reported as a suicide, the official autopsy report released in December 2003 left open the question of possible homicide.^[2]

According to Pitchfork Media, record producer Larry Crane reported on his Tape Op message board that he had planned to help Smith mix his album in mid-November. Crane wrote, "I hadn't talked to Elliott in over a year. His girlfriend, Jennifer, called me [last week] and asked if I'd like to come to L.A. and help mix and finish [Smith's album]. I said yes, of course, and chatted with Elliott for the first time in ages. It seems surreal that he would call me to finish an album and then a week later kill himself. I talked to Jennifer this morning, who was obviously shattered and in tears, and she said, 'I don't understand, he was so healthy.'"^[65]

The coroner's report revealed that no traces of illegal substances or alcohol were found in his system at the time of his death, but did find prescribed levels of antidepressant, anxiolytic and ADHD medications in his system, including Clonazepam, Mirtazapine, Atomoxetine and Amphetamine.^[66] Also, no hesitation wounds were found on Smith, a trait typical of suicide by self infliction.^[35] With his death not being officially declared a suicide, journalist Alyson Camus noted numerous discrepancies and contradictions in the case that suggest foul play.^[67]^[68]^[69] However, the authorities do not seem to be investigating the case further.^[70]

Smith's body was cremated.^[71] No public burial site or memorial was ever formally announced.

Reaction [link]

The memorial outside Solutions Audio in Los Angeles, California in August 2006.

Shortly after Smith's death, a fan memorial was initiated outside Solutions Audio (4334 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California), the site at which the cover of the Figure 8 album was shot. Farewell messages to Smith were written on the wall, and flowers, photos, candles, and empty bottles of alcohol mentioned in Smith's songs were left.^[72] Since then, the wall has been repeatedly tagged by gang signs,^[73]^[74] and, despite having been repainted to its original state in February 2008 and promises from Solutions' owner to maintain the site, the wall became largely covered by unrelated graffiti.^[75]^[76]^[77] In August 2011, in honor of Smith's 42nd birthday, members of the music & arts collective FMLY restored the mural, adding a black and white stencil of Smith resembling the photo on the Figure 8 album cover.^[78]

Memorial concerts were held in several cities in the United States and the United Kingdom.^[60] A petition was soon put forth with intent to make part of the Silver Lake area a memorial park in Smith's honor. It received over 10,000 signatures, but no plans to establish the park have been announced.^[60] A memorial plaque located inside Smith's former high school, Lincoln High, was hung in July 2006.^[79] The plaque has the line "I'm never gonna know you now, but I'm gonna love you anyhow," from Smith's song "Waltz #2".

Since Smith's death, many musical acts have paid him tribute. Songs in tribute to, or about Smith have been released by Bright Eyes ("Reinvent The Wheel"), Beck ("Broken Drum" on "Guero"), Pearl Jam ("Can't Keep" on the Live at Benaroya Hall concert album),^[80] Rilo Kiley ("Ripchord" and "It Just Is" on More Adventurous),^[81] Sparta ("Bombs and Us"),^[60] Third Eye Blind ("There's No Hurry To Eternity," originally titled "Elliott Smith," on the Live from Nowhere, Volume 2 compilation),^[82] Ben Folds ("Late" on Songs for Silverman),^[83] Brad Mehldau ("Sky Turning Grey (for Elliott Smith)" on Highway Rider), Rhett Miller ("The Believer" on The Believer),^[84] Earlimart ("Heaven Adores You" on Treble and Tremble),^[85], Joan As Police Woman ("We Don't Own It" on Real Life),^[86] and Pete Yorn ("Bandstand in the Sky" on Nightcrawler, a song jointly dedicated to Jeff Buckley). Several tribute albums have been released since his death, including Christopher O'Riley's Home to Oblivion: An Elliott Smith Tribute.

On July 30, 2004, Jennifer Chiba filed a lawsuit against the Smith family for 15% of his earnings (over $1 million),^[87] claiming that she and Smith lived as "husband and wife",^[88] that the singer pledged to take care of her financially for the rest of her life, and that she worked as his manager and agent from around 2000 until his death.^[89] A state labor commissioner ruled her claim as manager to be invalid, as she had worked as an "unlicensed talent agent" under California's Talent Agencies Act. The case made it to the California appellate court in October 2007, but was defeated 2–1; Chiba could potentially appeal the case to the Supreme Court of California.^[90]

Posthumous releases [link]

From a Basement on the Hill, almost four years in production, was released on October 19, 2004, by ANTI- Records (a part of Epitaph Records). With Smith's family in control of his estate, they chose to bring in Rob Schnapf and Smith's ex-girlfriend Joanna Bolme to sort through the recordings and mix the album. Although Smith had voiced his desire for it to be a double album or a regular album with a bonus disc, it was not clear if it would have been possible for him to release it that way had he completed it.^[19] As completed by Schnapf and Bolme, it was released as a 15-track single album. Many songs from the sessions (later leaked onto the Internet) were not included, such as "True Love", "Abused", "Stickman", and "Suicide Machine" (a reworking of the Figure 8-era unreleased instrumental, "Tiny Time Machine").^[45] There has been unconfirmed speculation that Smith's family made the decision not to include some songs on the record.^[45]^[91]

Elliott Smith and the Big Nothing, a biography by Benjamin Nugent, was rushed to publication and hit stores shortly after From a Basement on the Hill, barely beyond the first anniversary of the musician's death. Smith's family, as well as Joanna Bolme, Jennifer Chiba, Neil Gust, Sam Coomes, and Janet Weiss, all declined to be interviewed. It contained interviews with Rob Schnapf, David McConnell, and Pete Krebs. The book received mixed reviews, with Publishers Weekly remarking that while "Nugent manages to patch together the major beats of Smith's life, he can offer little meaningful insight."^[92]

On May 8, 2007, a posthumous two-disc compilation album entitled New Moon was released by Kill Rock Stars. The album contained 24 songs recorded by Smith between 1994 and 1997 during his tenure with the label that were not included on albums, as well as a few early versions and previously released B-sides. In the United States, the album debuted at number 24 on the Billboard 200, selling about 24,000 copies in its first week.^[93] The record received favorable reviews^[94] and was Metacritic's 15th best-reviewed album of 2007.^[95] A significant portion of the proceeds from album sales are to go to Outside In, a social service agency for low-income adults and homeless youth in Portland, Oregon.^[96]

On October 25, 2007, a book titled Elliott Smith was released by Autumn de Wilde,^[97] which consists of photographs, handwritten lyrics and "revealing talks with Smith's inner circle."^[98] De Wilde was responsible for the Figure 8 sleeve art, making a landmark and de facto Smith memorial of the Solutions Audio mural. A five-song CD featuring previously unreleased live recordings of Smith performing acoustically at Club Largo in Los Angeles was included in the release.

Following the singer's death, the Smith estate licensed his songs for use in a number of film and television projects, such as One Tree Hill, The Girl Next Door, Georgia Rule, and Paranoid Park.

In a March 2009 interview, Larry Crane said that the estate of Elliott Smith was now "defunct" and all rights previously held by the singer are now in the control of "his parents."^[99] Crane went on to say that his parents own the rights to Smith's high school recordings, some of the Heatmiser material, all solo songs recorded up until his 1998 record deal with DreamWorks Records and From a Basement on the Hill.^[99] DreamWorks Records was acquired by Universal Music Group in 2003, and Interscope Records currently "owns all studio and live recording from Jan 1998 to his passing, except for the songs on From a Basement on the Hill."^[99]

In December 2009, Kill Rock Stars announced that it had obtained the rights to re-release Roman Candle and From a Basement on the Hill, originally released by Cavity Search and Anti-, respectively.^[100] Roman Candle will be remastered by Larry Crane.^[100] Along with the press release, Kill Rock Stars posted a previously unreleased track of Smith's, titled "Cecilia/Amanda", as a free download.^[100] Roman Candle and From a Basement on the Hill were re-released on April 6, 2010 in the US.^[101]

A compilation titled An Introduction to... Elliott Smith was released by Domino Records on November 1, 2010 in the UK and Kill Rock Stars on November 2 in the US.

There remain over a hundred unreleased tracks. Many have leaked on the internet.

Musical style and influences [link]

Smith respected and was inspired by many artists and styles, including Big Star,^[102] The Clash,^[12] The Who,^[102] Led Zeppelin,^[102]The Kinks,^[103] Pink Floyd,^[102] Rush,^[102] Elvis Costello,^[104] Television,^[105] Motown and flamenco records,^[12] AC/DC,^[106] Hank Williams,^[12] Scorpions,^[107] and Modest Mouse.^[108] Smith claimed to listen exclusively to selected albums (such as The Marble Index by Nico) for months.^[106] Sean Croghan, a former roommate of Smith's, said that the singer "listened almost exclusively to slow jams" in his senior year at college.^[107] Smith was also known to gain inspiration from novels, religion and philosophy. He liked classic literature, especially Samuel Beckett, T. S. Eliot, and Fyodor Dostoyevsky (and other Russian novelists).^[106]

Smith mentioned his admiration for Bob Dylan in several interviews, citing him as an early musical influence. He once commented: "My father taught me how to play "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right". I love Dylan's words, but even more than that, I love the fact that he loves words."^[10] Smith covered Dylan's "When I Paint My Masterpiece" several times in concert. Smith has also been compared to folk legend Nick Drake, due to his fingerpicking style and vocals. Darryl Cater of Allmusic called references to "the definitive folk loner" Drake, "inevitable",^[109] and Smith's lyrics have been compared to those in Drake's minimalist and haunting final album.^[110]

Smith was a dedicated fan of The Beatles (as well as their solo projects), once noting that he had been listening to them frequently since he was about "four years old"^[111] and also claimed that hearing The White Album was his original inspiration to become a musician.^[106] In 1998, Smith contributed a cover of the Beatles song "Because" to the closing credits and soundtrack of the film American Beauty. Although this was the only Beatles song that Smith ever officially released, he is known to have recorded at least two others ("Revolution" and "I'll Be Back"), and played many songs by both the band and the members' solo projects at live concerts.^[112]

Regarding his songwriting, Smith said:^[113]

“

The way I think about it is... I don't really think about it in terms of language, I think about it more like shapes. That's an interesting thing to talk about but it's difficult. I'm really into chord changes. That was the thing that I liked when I was a kid. So, I'm not like a... I don't make up "a riff" really. It's usually like... that sequence that has some implied melody in it or something like that.

”

Smith said that transitions were his favorite part of songs and that he preferred to write broader, more impressionistic music closer to pop rather than folk music.^[12] Smith compared his songs to stories or dreams, not purely confessional pieces that people could relate to.^[31] When asked about the dark nature of his songwriting and the cult following he was gaining, Smith said he felt it was merely a product of him writing songs that were strongly meaningful to him rather than anything contrived.^[31] Larry Crane, Smith's posthumous archivist, has said that he was surprised at the amount of "recycling of musical ideas" that he has encountered while cataloging the singer's private tapes:^[99] "I found songs recorded in high school reworked 15 years on. Lyrics became more important to him as he became older, and more time was spent working on them."^[99]

Selected discography [link]

For an extended list of work, see Elliott Smith discography.

Release date	Album	Label
July 14, 1994	Roman Candle	Cavity Search Records Domino Records
July 21, 1995	Elliott Smith	Kill Rock Stars Domino Records
February 25, 1997	Either/Or	Kill Rock Stars Domino Records
August 25, 1998	XO	DreamWorks Records
April 18, 2000	Figure 8	DreamWorks Records
October 19, 2004	From a Basement on the Hill	ANTI-Records Domino Records
May 8, 2007	New Moon	Kill Rock Stars Domino Records
November 2, 2010	An Introduction to... Elliott Smith	Kill Rock Stars Domino Records

References [link]

Footnotes

^ Huey, Steve. "Elliott Smith review". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r251314. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Official Autopsy Report on Steven Paul Smith". The Smoking Gun. 2004-01-08. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/esmithaut1.html. Retrieved 2006-04-21.
^ Dansby, Andrew (December 31, 2003). "Smith Autopsy Inconclusive — Police keep investigation of singer-songwriter's death open". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/elliottsmith/articles/story/5936000/smith_autopsy_inconclusive. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
^ Shutt, 2002. p. 6
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h [|Gowing, Liam] (December 2004). "Mr. Misery". SPIN: pp. Volume 20 number 12, p. 80–92. http://books.google.com/books?id=_jMs8xO7QE4C&lpg=PP1&lr&pg=PA80. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Shutt, 2002, p. 3
^ ^a ^b ^c SPIN article: "Why I Can't Listen to Elliott Smith's Music".
^ Nugent, Benjamin (2004). Elliott Smith and the Big Nothing. Pages 12-14. Da Capo Press.
^ Nugent, 2004, pp. 12–14
^ ^a ^b "sweet adeline | biography — page 2". Sweetadeline.net. http://www.sweetadeline.net/bio2.html. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
^ ^a ^b Kagler, Marcus and Redfern, Mark (2003). "Better Off Than Dead, Elliott Smith Comes Clean". Bonus Material. Under the Radar. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060615125926/http://undertheradarmag.com/issue4/elliottsmith.html. Retrieved 2006-09-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Shutt, 2002, p. 2
^ "A Murder of Crows". Sweet Adeline. http://www.sweetadeline.net/amurderof.html. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
^ Norvell, Forrest (October 23, 2003). "Recorded Music: Elliott Smith, 1969-2003". pushby.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061118211329/http://www.pushby.com/forrest/arc/005521.html. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
^ ^a ^b Shutt, 2002. p. 4
^ Peschek, David (2003-10-24). "Obituary: Elliott Smith". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2003/oct/24/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
^ Pittman, Mark (February 2005). "Memory Lane: Remembering Elliott Smith". Being There. http://www.beingtheremag.com/content/0502/smith.html. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
^ Shutt, 2002, p. 5
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Under the Radar magazine (2003). "Better Off Than Dead, Elliott Smith Comes Clean". Archived from the original on April 8, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060408160745/http://undertheradarmag.com/es.html. Retrieved 2006-04-18.
^ Shutt, 2002, p. 6
^ Matthew Fritch (September/October 1998). "Down on the Upside". Magnet Magazine. http://www.sweetadeline.net/down.html. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ "1994-09-17 - Umbra Penumbra — Portland, Oregon". SomeSongs: An Elliott Smith live music resource. http://www.somesongs.net/showtemplate.php?1994-09-17. Retrieved 2006-04-21.
^ Live performance (1997) at Stinkweeds in Tempe, Arizona.
^ Shutt, 2002, p. 7
^ Peisner, David. "Elliott Smith — The Well Rounded Interview". Well Rounded Entertainment. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071219020007/http://www.well-rounded.com/music/reviews/elliottsmith_intv.html. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
^ "Acclaimed Music: Either/Or.". Acclaimed Music. http://www.acclaimedmusic.net/Current/A1020.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d D'Angelo, Joe and Perez, Rodrigo (2003-10-29). "One Of Us Is On The Moon". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/bands/s/smith_elliott/news_feature_102903/. Retrieved 2006-07-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Phoenix New Times article: "XO, Elliott."
^ "Late Night with Conan O'Brien — Episode Guide". Season 5, Episode 903 - Credited as "Elliot Smith". NBC.com. http://www.nbc.com/Late_Night_with_Conan_O'Brien/episode_guide/160.shtml. Retrieved 2006-04-23. ^{[dead link]}
^ Garcia, Gilberta (October 12, 2000). "Back to Earth". Phoenix New Times. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013115832/http://phoenixnewtimes.com/Issues/2000-10-12/music/music.html. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c Anderman, Joan (March 26, 1999). "Tunesmith To The Miserable But Don't Mistake His Characters For Him, Says Elliott Smith". (Fee required) (The Boston Globe). http://nl.newsbank.com/cgi-bin/ngate/BG?ext_docid=0EADDD9A00EC0029&ext_hed=TUNESMITH%20TO%20THE%20MISERABLE%20BUT%20DON'T%20MISTAKE%20HIS%20CHARACTERS%20FOR%20HIM,%20SAYS%20ELLIOTT%20SMITH&ext_theme=bg&pubcode=BG. Retrieved 2007-11-25.
^ Scherl, Alexis. "Why We Love Elliott Smith". Inkblot Magazine. Archived from the original on May 19, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080519201027/http://www.inkblotmagazine.com/We_Love_Elliott_Smith.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
^ "Elliott Smith - XO". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929204410/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/discography/index.jsp?pid=172041&aid=319805. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
^ ^a ^b "UK Album Chart History 1994-2006". Zobbel.de. http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_S.HTM. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c Petridis, Alexis (March 19, 2004). "The mysterious death of Mr Misery". London: The Guardian. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,12102,1172275,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Nugent, 2004, p. 201
^ Dansby, Andrew (April 22, 2000). "Smith Comes Up Roses". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/elliottsmith/articles/story/5924200/smith_comes_up_roses. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Allen, Jamie (May 17, 2000). "Elliott Smith keeps moving". CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/05/17/elliott.smith/. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ ^a ^b Huey, Steve. "Figure 8 review". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r471955. Retrieved 2006-10-28.
^ Blender article: "The Long Slow Death of Elliott Smith".
^ "Elliott Smith: Figure 8 (2000): Reviews". "Universal acclaim" metascore of 81/100. Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/smithelliott/figure8?q=figure%208. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
^ "Elliott Smith - Figure 8". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929160210/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/discography/index.jsp?pid=172041&aid=418165. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
^ Smith, Ethan (April 17, 2000). "Möbius Smith". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/music/pop/reviews/2847/. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
^ Nugent, 2004.
^ ^a ^b ^c Weaver, Jordan. "Elliott Smith Lives Again! From a Basement on the Hill V.2". The Confabulators. http://www.confabulators.com/2005/elliott-smith-lives-again-from-a-basement-on-the-hill-v2. Retrieved 2006-04-21.
^ IMDB entry for Royal Tenenbaums".
^ ^a ^b Miller, Nancy (2004). ""Life Aquatic" director reveals his muses". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1008489_2,00.html. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
^ WW Music Staff (October 29, 2003). "Elliott Smith (1969–2003)". Willamette Week. http://www.wweek.com/story.php?story=4489. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Stoltz, Peter (December 17, 2001). "Elliott Smith—San Francisco, CA". Magnet Magazine. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013103320/http://magnetmagazine.com/live/livesmith.html. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Murtaugh, Dan (May 2, 2002). "A&O Ball signs on a second headliner". The Daily Northwestern. http://www.dailynorthwestern.com/media/storage/paper853/news/2002/05/02/Campus/Ao.Ball.Signs.On.A.Second.Headliner-1909814.shtml. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Winn, Luke (May 21, 2002). "Did You Behave?". NUcomment. http://www.nucomment.com/archive/issues/020521/features/wilco.html. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
^ Dombal, Ryan (May 3, 2002). "Shot in the arm". The Daily Northwestern. http://www.dailynorthwestern.com/media/storage/paper853/news/2002/05/03/Campus/shot-In.The.Arm-1909849.shtml. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Brown, Jake (May 3, 2002). "Just Say Yes". Glorious Noise. http://www.gloriousnoise.com/articles/2002/just_say_yes.php. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Lang, Alison (October 24, 2003). "Elliott Smith found dead at 34—Troubled musician struggled with fame and addiction". The Queen's Journal. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013142649/http://queensjournal.ca/articlephp/point-vol131/issue17/arts/story3. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Orshoski, Wes (October 23, 2003). "Friends, Peers Mourn Elliott Smith". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=2008549. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ MTV News article: "The Record: Quick News On Ashanti, Avril Lavigne, Nelly, JC Chasez, White Stripes, Biohazard & More."
^ SweetAdeline.net article: "spaceland setlist, double album and info about 1.31.03 tickets."
^ LA Weekly article: "Sleepwalker - Elliott Smith’s unhappy dream life" - Page 1.
^ ^a ^b Perez, Rodrigo (2005). "Elliott Smith, Polyphonics Bring Balance To 'Thumbsucker' Soundtrack". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1507697/20050816/smith_elliott.jhtml?headlines=true. Retrieved 2006-07-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Smith, RJ (July 18, 2004). "Elliott Smith's Uneasy Afterlife". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9406E3DF163AF93BA25754C0A9629C8B63. Retrieved 2006-04-29.
^ The soundtrack was later completed by The Polyphonic Spree.
^ D'Angelo, Joe and Perez, Rodrigo (2003-10-29). "One Of Us Is On The Moon". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/bands/s/smith_elliott/news_feature_102903/. Retrieved 2006-07-03.
^ "Official Autopsy Report on Steven Paul Smith". The Smoking Gun. 2003-10-21. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/file/rockers-autopsy-doesnt-rule-out-homicide. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
^ "Smith's Girlfriend Speaks". Blogcritics.org. http://blogcritics.org/archives/2004/01/12/080503.php. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
^ Leslie-Hynan, Chris and Bryant, Will (January 5, 2004). "Elliott Smith Autopsy Inconclusive; Police Investigation Remains Open". Pitchfork Media. http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/32994-elliott-smith-autopsy-inconclusive-police-investigation-remains-open. Retrieved 2007-12-26. ^{[dead link]}
^ Peliseck, Christine (January 1, 2004). "The Elliott Smith Mystery". LA Weekly. http://www.laweekly.com/2004-01-01/news/the-elliott-smith-mystery/. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
^ Camus, Alyson (April 9, 2010). "The Elliott Smith Mystery: More Questions". www.rocknycliveandrecorded.com. http://www.rocknycliveandrecorded.com/2010/04/elliott-smith-mystery-more-questions.html.
^ Camus, Alyson (October 21, 2011). "A Corollary And Correction to "Searching For Elliott Smith": The Facts As We Know It Behind His Death, Part One". www.rocknycliveandrecorded.com. http://www.rocknycliveandrecorded.com/2011/10/a-corollary-and-correction-to-searching-for-elliott-smith-the-facts-as-we-know-it-behind-his-death-part-one-2.html.
^ Camus, Alyson (October 22, 2011). "A Corollary And Correction to "Searching For Elliott Smith": The Facts As We Know It Behind His Death, Part Two". www.rocknycliveandrecorded.com. http://www.rocknycliveandrecorded.com/2011/10/corollary-and-correction-to-searching-for-elliott-smith-the-facts-as-we-know-it-behind-his-death-part-two.html.
^ Hurewitz, Jeremy (2007). "Elliott Smith and the Big Nothing". New York Press. Archived from the original on 2007-05-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20070510001740/http://www.nypress.com/18/25/books/hurewitz.cfm. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
^ Find a Grave: Elliott Smith.
^ Bryant, Will (October 2003). "Elliott Smith Dead At 34". Pitchfork Media. http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/page/news/2003/10/22. Retrieved 2007-02-03. ^{[dead link]}
^ LAist article: http://laist.com/2007/08/28/this_is_why_we.php This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things.
^ MySpace page: THE ELLIOTT SMITH/SOLUTIONS WALL.
^ CJ Was Here on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
^ Elliott Smith, Figure 8 wall. on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
^ Roger Waters promotional defacement.
^ LA Weekly article: "Elliott Smith Memorial Wall Gets a New Face--Again.
^ Baumgarten, Mark (July 13, 2006). "Elliott Smith, the Myth and the Man, Memorialized". Willamette Week. http://localcut.wweek.com/?p=362. Retrieved 2006-08-08.
^ Hay, Travis (2011). "Pearl Ham @ Benaroya Hall". http://www.guerrillacandy.com/2011/07/18/from-the-vault-pearl-jam-benaroya-hall-2003/. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
^ Lakeland, Grant (2004). "Friend of the Heroes' review of Rilo Kiley's More Adventurous album". http://www.friendsoftheheroes.co.uk/reviews/music/week67b.html. Retrieved 2006-07-02.
^ "Elliott Smith (There's No Hurry To Eternity) url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTzqcDZHAN4".
^ "Joke's over". London: The Guardian. April 29, 2005. http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,,1472117,00.html. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
^ Robertson, Jessica (December 9, 2005). "Rhett Miller Becomes a "Believer"". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/8940043/rhett_miller_becomes_a_believer/?rnd=1139957806164&has-player=true&version=6.0.12.872. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
^ Perez, Rodrigo (September 30, 2004). "Elliott Smith Casts A Long Shadow Over Earlimart's Treble". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491513/20040930/earlimart.jhtml. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ Tiny Mix Tapes review: "Joan as Police Woman review."
^ California Court of Appeals records concerning J. Chiba vs. The Estate of Elliott Smith^{[dead link]}.
^ Rolling Stone article: "KISS Announce "Kissology Vol. 3," Bob Dylan "I’m Not There" Concert Coming to NYC, Foxy Brown Pleads Not Guilty".
^ Mtv.com article: "C-Murder To Be Tried Again For Murder; Plus Britney Spears, 'Hannah Montana,' Linkin Park, My Chemical Romance & More, In For The Record".
^ AOL.com article: "Dead Rocker's Girlfriend Cut Out of Estate^{[dead link]}".
^ "Metacritic: From a Basement on the Hill". The album holds a "Universal acclaim" metascore of 88. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/smithelliott/fromabasementonthehill?q=From%20a%20Basement%20on%20the%20Hill. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
^ Bemis, Alec Hanley. "Sleepwalker". LA Weekly. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/product-description/0306813939. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
^ Hasty, Katie (May 16, 2007). "Buble Sidesteps Bone Thugs To Claim No. 1". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003585672. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ "Elliott Smith: New Moon (2007): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/smithelliott/newmoon?q=new%20moon. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
^ "Metacritic: Best Albums of 2007". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/music/bests/2007.shtml. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
^ Walby, Sam (2007-11-09). "BBC Collective — Elliott Smith — New Moon". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A28826904. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
^ Ramirez, Charlie. "Sweet Adeline News Archives for May 2007". http://www.sweetadeline.net/may07.html. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
^ "Amazon.com: Elliott Smith: Books". http://www.amazon.com/dp/0811857999. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e GloriousNoise.com article: "Elliott Smith's Archives: The GLONO Interview with Larry Crane"
^ ^a ^b ^c Pitchfork Media article: "Hear an Unreleased Elliott Smith Song Plus Reissues on the way".
^ "Elliott Smith's Roman Candle and From a Basement on the Hill Out Today". killrockstars.com, April 6, 2010. Retrieved on April 17, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Nugent, 2004, pp. 21
^ LaGambina, Gregg (March 26, 2003). "Back Where They Started". Interview between Elliott Smith and Ray Davies. Filter. http://www.filter-mag.com/index.php?c=2&lid=26. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
^ Greenfield-Sanders, Timothy (August 1998). "The delicate sound of an explosion". Interview with musician Elliott Smith (FindArticles.com). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1285/is_n8_v28/ai_21007971/pg_1. Retrieved 2007-12-23. ^{[dead link]}
^ Dwinnell, Greg (1997). "Q&A with Elliott Smith". Interview with Elliott Smith. eggBERT Records. http://www.eggbert.com/es_interview.html. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Chat with Elliott Smith at NME.com, March 28, 2000
^ ^a ^b New Moon (2007) liner notes. Kill Rock Stars.
^ Madsen, Rick (1997). Untitled [Modest Mouse documentary] Interview
^ Darryl Cater. "Allmusic ((( Roman Candle > Overview )))". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r247368. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
^ Steve Huey. "Allmusic ((( Elliott Smith > Overview )))". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r251314. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
^ Smith said this when asked "Have you been listening to a lot of Beatles lately?" in Strange Parallel.
^ "Multimedia". Live Covers. Sweet Adeline. http://www.sweetadeline.net/multimedia.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
^ "Songwriting with Elliott Smith" [video interview], Musician.com

Bibliography

Nugent, Benjamin (2004). Elliott Smith and the Big Nothing. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81393-9.
Shutt, S. R. (2002). "The Time It Took a Cigarette to Burn: Scenes from the Life and Art of Elliott Smith". http://www.sweetadeline.net/bio.html. Retrieved 2007-02-01.

External links [link]

Find more about Elliott Smith on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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Official sites

SweetAdeline.net – Official Elliott Smith website
Cavity Search Records
Kill Rock Stars

Others

Elliott Smith at Allmusic
Elliott Smith discography at MusicBrainz
Elliott Smith at the Internet Movie Database
BBC obituary
Elliott Smith collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive

v t e Elliott Smith

Albums	Roman Candle Elliott Smith Either/Or XO Figure 8 From a Basement on the Hill

Compilations	New Moon An Introduction to... Elliott Smith

Songs	"Needle in the Hay" "Say Yes" "Miss Misery" "Baby Britain" "Happiness" "Son of Sam"

Films	Lucky Three Strange Parallel

Tribute albums	The String Quartet Tribute to Elliott Smith A Tribute to Elliott Smith Remote Memory: A Tribute to Elliot Smith To Elliott, From Portland Home to Oblivion: An Elliott Smith Tribute Coming Up Roses: Sacramento Remembers Elliott Smith

Related articles	Discography Heatmiser Elliott Smith (Autumn de Wilde book) Elliott Smith and the Big Nothing Good Will Hunting soundtrack The Greenhouse

v t e Heatmiser

Sam Coomes Neil Gust Tony Lash Brandt Peterson Elliott Smith

Studio albums	Dead Air Cop and Speeder Mic City Sons

Demos and EPs	The Music of Heatmiser Yellow No. 5

Related articles	Discography

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Persondata
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Date of death
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Persondata
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Contents

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] 1997–2002: Más, El Alma al Aire, and MTV Unplugged

[edit] 2003–07: No Es lo Mismo and El Tren de los Momentos

[edit] 2008–present: Paraíso Express

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] 2006–09: Camp Rock and Sonny With a Chance

[edit] 2010–present: Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam and hiatus

[edit] 2007–09: Camp Rock soundtrack and Don't Forget

[edit] 2009–10: Here We Go Again and Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam soundtrack

[edit] 2010–present: Sonny with a Chance soundtrack, Unbroken and fourth studio album

[edit] Judge on The X Factor

Related pages:

Contents

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] 1994: Roman Candle

[edit] 1995–1996: Elliott Smith and Either/Or

[edit] 1998–2000: XO and Figure 8

[edit] 2003: Reemergence and From a Basement on the Hill

Related pages: