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Rash

A diffuse rash on the back of a male
ICD-10	R21
ICD-9	782.1
MeSH	D005076

A rash is a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance or texture. A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.

The presence of a rash may aid associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head and spreads downwards.

Differential diagnosis[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Common causes of rashes include:

• Food Allergy
• Anxiety.
• Allergies, for example to food, dyes, medicines, insect stings, metals such as zinc or nickel; such rashes are often called hives.
• Skin contact with an irritant
  • Fungal infection, such as ringworm
• Reaction to vaccination
• Skin diseases such as eczema or acne
• Exposure to sun (sunburn) or heat
• Friction due to chafing of the skin
• Irritation such as caused by abrasives impregnated in clothing rubbing the skin. The cloth itself may be abrasive enough for some people
• Menstruation
• Secondary syphilis

Uncommon causes:

• Autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis
• Lead poisoning
• Pregnancy
• Repeated scratching on a particular spot
• Lyme Disease
• Scarlet fever

Diagnostic approach[link]

The causes of a rash are extremely broad, which may make the evaluation of a rash extremely difficult. An accurate evaluation by a provider may only be made in the context of a thorough history (What medication is the patient taking? What is the patient's occupation? Where has the patient been?) and complete physical examination.

Points to note in the examination include:

• The appearance: e.g., purpuric (typical of vasculitis and meningococcal disease), fine and like sandpaper (typical of scarlet fever); circular lesions with a central depression are typical of molluscum contagiosum (and in the past, small pox); plaques with silver scales are typical of psoriasis.
• The distribution: e.g., the rash of scarlet fever becomes confluent and forms bright red lines in the skin creases of the neck, armpits and groins (Pastia's lines); the vesicles of chicken pox seem to follow the hollows of the body (they are more prominent along the depression of the spine on the back and in the hollows of both shoulder blades); very few rashes affect the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (secondary syphilis, rickettsia or spotted fevers,^[1] guttate psoriasis, hand, foot and mouth disease, keratoderma blenorrhagica);
• Symmetry: e.g., herpes zoster usually only affects one side of the body and does not cross the midline.

Overview of symptoms[link]

Treatment[link]

Treatment differs according to what rash a patient has been diagnosed with. Common rashes can be easily remedied using steroid topical creams (such as hydrocortisone) or non-steroidal treatments. Many of the medications are available over the counter in the United States.

See also[link]

• List of cutaneous conditions
• Dermatology

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up rash in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Guide to rashes on Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia - includes photographs
• Links to pictures of skin rashes (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa)
• Various Rash Images from the US Medical Videos Journal

Dale Watson
Dale L. Watson
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Florida State University

Dale L. Watson is the former Assistant Director for the Counterterrorism Division of the FBI, as such he headed the FBI investigation into the September 11, 2001 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks.^[1][2]

Education[link]

Watson is a native of Central Florida. He graduated from Florida State University with a Bachelor of Science Degree in 1972. After college, Watson was commissioned as a regular U.S. Army Infantry Officer where he served five and one-half years.

Early career[link]

In February 1978, Watson received his appointment as a Special Agent with the FBI. He was first assigned to Birmingham, Alabama and in 1982 he was transferred to New York City. In January, 1985, he was ordered to FBI Headquarters in Washington, D.C. He later was assigned a field supervisory desk at the Washington Field Office before returning to FBI Headquarters between 1991 through 1994 as Chief of the Iran Unit, Counterterrorism Section, National Security Division (NSD).

Move to Kansas City[link]

In May 1994, he was selected as the Assistant Special Agent in Charge of the Kansas City Division, where he served until June 1996. In this position he played a key role in the investigation into the Oklahoma City bombing. Watson was then named as the Deputy Chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Couterterrorism Center where he was instrumental in the successful investigation of the Khobar Towers bombing in 1996.

Reassignment[link]

In January 1997, he was reassigned to FBI Headquarters as the Chief of the FBI's International Terrorism Section, NSD, where he served until his appointment in July 1998, as the Inspector Deputy Assistant Director of NSD with responsibility for the FBI's Counterterrorism programs. In this capacity he oversaw the international investigations into the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings and USS Cole bombing.

Later Career and Retirement[link]

In 1999 Watson was promoted to be the first Assistant Director of the newly formed Counter-terrorism Division at FBI Headquarters by FBI director Louis Freeh. In December 2001 Watson was named Executive Assistant Director for Counterterrorism/Counterintelligence.

Watson retired from the FBI in 2002 to join the Washington D.C.-based consulting firm of Booz Allen Hamilton.

Testimony[link]

• September 26, 2002 Watson testified before the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, House of Representatives as the former Executive Assistant Director, Counterterrorism/Counterintelligence.^[3]

• February 24, 1998 Watson testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information as the Chief International Terrorism Section, National Security Division^[4] regarding foreign terrorists in America.

Quotes[link]

• "I personally think he is probably not with us anymore but I have no evidence to support that."
  • Speaking of Osama bin Laden at a conference of law enforcement officials in Washington DC on July 17, 2002

• When asked whether he, as the FBI's former counterterrorism chief, knew any of the differences between Shiite and Sunni Muslims, Watson replied, "Not technically, no."

Notes[link]

References[link]

• FBI Press Release
• FAS BIOs of Executive Assistant Directors
• Frontline Interview
• Fox News Report
• Booz Allen Hamilton Press Release

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009)

State Radio is an alternative rock band from Sherborn, Massachusetts, consisting of Chad Urmston (lead vocals, guitar), Chuck Fay (bass) and Mike Najarian (drums). The band's first full-length album, Us Against the Crown, was released in December 2005, their second, Year of the Crow in September 2007, and Let it Go, in September 2009. They have plans to release a fourth full-length album later in 2012.

Biography[link]

This article or section reads like a news release, or is otherwise written in an overly promotional tone. Please help by either rewriting this article from a neutral point of view or by moving this article to Wikinews. When appropriate, blatant advertising may be marked for speedy deletion with {{db-spam}}. (December 2009)

A Boston based trio band led by singer and primary songwriter Chad Urmston (a former member of Vermont jamsters Dispatch), State Radio largely managed to avoid the usual post-Phish clichés, injecting a punk-influenced sound and politically charged viewpoint while staying true to the tenets of the band's chosen style, which infuses a blend of Roots-Reggae, Ska, Punk and Rock.

Urmston, who disbanded Dispatch at the height of its popularity in 2002, formed State Radio later the same year. Focusing exclusively on guitar and vocals instead of the instrument switching he was previously known for, he brought in second guitarist Pete Halby, bassist Chuck Fay, and drummer Mike Greenfield to round out the lineup. After the exploratory debut EP Flag of the Shiners was released by Fenway Recordings in late 2002, State Radio went on a temporary hiatus throughout 2003 as Urmston recovered from throat surgery. Returning to active duty in 2004 as a slimmed-down trio with new drummer Brian Sayers, State Radio followed a second EP, Simmer Kane, with the release of 2005's Us Against the Crown. Another personnel change occurred before State Radio toured in support of the album, with drummer Mike Najarian replacing Sayers.

The sophomore effort Year of the Crow followed in fall 2007, bringing with it an emphasis on louder guitars and sociopolitical themes. State Radio reinforced such themes by launching service projects in each city the band visited, and Urmston briefly reconvened Dispatch for a three-night charity performance at Madison Square Garden, with funds going toward Zimbabwe relief. State Radio maintained such political awareness on 2009's Let It Go.

Official recording sessions for their third album began on November 3, 2008 in North Brookfield, Massachusetts at Long View Farm Studios. The album, entitled Let It Go, was released on September 29, 2009.

Following the release of "Let It Go" State Radio launched their winter tour. The winter 2010 tour was titled "Lefty Rides Again" and visited many cities across the United States. State Radio also completed a small European tour during the last two weeks of March.

At the beginning of Summer 2010, State Radio embarked on a huge cross-country tour opening for John Butler Trio during their April Uprising North American Tour. This tour featured sold-out shows at the famous Red Rocks Amphitheater, Central Park Summerstage, and Boston's own Bank of America Pavilion. The latter 2 were co-headlining shows, while State Radio closed the last set in their hometown. At the end of the summer, the band returned to Germany for several more festival dates.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• Us Against the Crown (2006)
• Year of the Crow (2007)
• Let It Go (2009) U.S. #96^[1]
• TBA (2012)

Live Albums/EPs[link]

• Live at the Sync (2005)
• State of Georgia EP (2009)
• Live At the Brattle Theater (2009)
• Live At the Boston Pavilion (2011)

EPs[link]

• Flag of the Shiners EP (2002)
• Simmer Kane EP (2004)
• Peace Between Nations EP (2005)
• Wicker Plane EP (2007)
• Calling All Crows EP (2009)

Singles[link]

• "Gang of Thieves" (2007)
• "Knights of Bostonia" (2009)

Compilation appearances[link]

• John Brown (Bob Dylan song) on Chimes of Freedom: Songs of Bob Dylan Honoring 50 Years of Amnesty International (2012)

In the media[link]

The band's song "Keepsake" was featured in the season three finale of Showtime's dark comedy Weeds. "Keepsake" was also featured at the end of the episode "Bullet" of Cold Case, and at the end of the 7th episode of the 2010 version of Hawaii Five-0.

State Radio opened for Dave Matthews Band on May 30–31, 2008 in Burgettstown, Pennsylvania, and on June 3–4, 2008 in Camden, New Jersey.^[2]

State Radio played at a concert near the 2008 Democratic National Convention alongside Rage Against the Machine and other politically active bands as an act of protest.

More Recently, Kayem Foods, based in Chelsea, Mass.,has used their songs "Right Me Up" and "Sybil I" in a series of hot dog commercials.

In one of the most recent episodes of Eureka^{[citation needed]}, Zoe Carter, Harvard student and daughter of the main character, had State Radio banners in her dorm room, which is an accurate reference^{[original research?]} to the band's popularity in the Boston area.

Winner 9th Annual Independent Music Awards: Social Action Album "Calling All Crows".

"Knights of Bostonia" off the album "Let it Go" was featured in the beginning of surf cinematographer Taylor Steele's latest film, "Innersections." The song was played during the opening section, in memory of Andy Irons.

Activism[link]

In 2008, State Radio started an activist group called Calling All Crows to "inspire public service" and "promote human rights." Currently, they are working with Oxfam America's Stoves for Sudan Project. Calling All Crows is hoping to raise money for 5,000 stoves for 5,000 different women in Sudan through fan activism before concerts.

References[link]

External links[link]

• State Radio's website
• State Radio collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
• Full-length video live at Paradiso (28-09-2006)