name	Lincoln Park
photo	Full chicago skyline.jpg
photo width	300
photo caption	Aerial view of seven mile long Lincoln Park shoreline
type	Urban park
location	Chicago
coords
area
created	1843
operator	Chicago Park District
status	}}

Lincoln Park is a 1,208 acre (4.9 km², 1.8875 mi², 488,86 ha) park along the lakefront of Chicago, Illinois' North Side, facing Lake Michigan. Lincoln Park is Chicago's largest public park. The park, named after Abraham Lincoln, stretches for seven miles (11 km) from Ohio Street (400 N) on the south to near Ardmore Avenue (5800 N) on the north, just north of the Lake Shore Drive terminus at Hollywood Avenue. Several museums are located between North Avenue (1600 N) and Diversey Parkway (2800 N) in the neighborhood that takes its name from the park, Lincoln Park. The park further to the north is characterized by parkland, beaches, recreational areas, nature reserves, and harbors. To the south, there is a more narrow strip of beaches east of Lake Shore Drive, almost to downtown. Lincoln Park, with 20 million visitors a year, is the second most visited park in the United States.

The park's recreational facilities include 15 baseball areas, 6 basketball courts, softball fields, soccer fields, 35 tennis courts, 163 volley ball courts, field houses, a target archery field, a driving range and golf course. The park also includes a number of harbours with boating facilities, as well as public beaches. There are landscaped gardens, public art, bird refuges, a zoo, the Lincoln Park Conservatory, the Chicago History Museum, the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, the Alfred Caldwell Lily Pool, and a theater on the lake with regular outdoor performances during the summer.

History[link]

In 1860, Lake Park (also called Cemetery Park), the precursor of today's park, was established by the city on the lands just to the north of the city's burial ground. Five years later, on June 12, 1865, the park was renamed to honor the recently assassinated President Abraham Lincoln.

Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, part of the oldest section of today's Lincoln Park near North Avenue began its existence as the City Cemetery in 1843. This was subdivided into a Potter's Field, Catholic cemetery, Jewish cemetery, and the general City Cemetery. These cemeteries were the only cemeteries in the Chicago area until 1859. In 1852, David Kennison, who is said to have been born in 1736, died and was buried in City Cemetery. Another notable burial in the cemetery was Chicago Mayor James Curtiss, whose body was lost when the cemetery was added to the park. Throughout the late 1850s, there was discussion of closing the cemetery or abandoning it because of health concerns. In the fall of 1858, Dr. John H. Rauch MD suggested that the burial grounds were a health risk, which "might serve extremely well for plantations of grove and forest trees" that would be "useful and ornamental to the city." The idea was dropped during the Civil War, but revived by Dr. Rauch after the war ended. By 1864, the city council had decided to add all the cemetery lands north of North Avenue to the park by relocating the graves. The cemetery sections south of North Avenue were also relocated but this land was left for residential development. To this day, the Couch mausoleum can still be seen as the most visible reminder of the history as a cemetery, standing amidst trees, behind the Chicago History Museum. Ira Couch, who is interred in the tomb, was one of Chicago's earliest innkeepers, opening the Tremont House in 1835. Couch is believed to not be the only person interred in the old burial ground in Lincoln Park. A plaque placed nearby states that "the remains of six Couch family members and one family friend are in the tomb." Partially due to the destruction of the Chicago Fire on tombstones, it was difficult to remove many of the remains. As recently as 1998, construction in the park has revealed more bodies left over from the nineteenth century.

Another large and notable group of graves relocated from the site of today's Lincoln Park were those of approximately 4,000 Confederate prisoners of war who died at Camp Douglas. Many prisoners perished between 1862 and 1865 as a result of the poor condition they were in when taken on the battlefield, or of disease and privation existing at the Federal prison. Although the camp was located south of downtown Chicago, near the stockyards, the remains were originally interred at the site of today's Lincoln Park. Today, their gravesites may be found at Oak Woods Cemetery in the southern part of Chicago. A one acre (4,000 m²) mass grave and a monument erected by Southerners and Chicago friends in 1895 memorializes these Southerners whose earthly remnants remain in the North. Author George Levy believes that remains of many of the confederate prisoners are still to be found beneath what are currently baseball fields, the former site of the potter's field.

From the 1860s through the 1950s the park expanded South and then North along seven miles (11 km) of Chicago's Lakefront. (See reference notes 1, 2 and 3). The establishment of public parkland along all of Chicago's lakefront was a central tennet of the 1909 Burnham Plan for the development of Chicago.

Another aspect of park history were the Young Lords Lincoln Park neighborhood sit ins and take-overs of institutions under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez, protesting the displacement of Latinos by Mayor Richard J. Daley's urban renewal policies. It was also the scene of violent events that took place during the 1968 Democratic National Convention. These events transpired around the convention center, Grant Park, Old Town, and the park adjacent (on Clark Street) called Lincoln Park.

Zoo, Conservatory, and museums[link]

Zoo[link]

Lincoln Park is well known for the Lincoln Park Zoo, a free zoo that is open year-round. Lincoln Park Zoo is home to a wide variety of animals. The zoo includes big cats, polar bears, penguins, gorillas, reptiles, monkeys, and other species totalling nearly 1,250 animals. Two sections of Lincoln Park Zoo have been set aside for children. The partially indoor Pritzker Family Children's Zoo includes habitats of various North American wildlife, and the Farm-in-the-Zoo Presented by John Deere is a working reproduction of a Midwestern farm containing horses and livestock such as pigs, cows, and sheep. At the Farm-in-the-Zoo, children can feed and interact with the animals and view live demonstrations of farm work such as the milking of cows. In 2010, the Zoo transformed the South Pond, to create a wildlife marsh habitat, with a ''Nature Boardwalk.''

Conservatory[link]

The Lincoln Park Conservatory offers year round displays of plants from many different climates around the world. Today's conservatory was built in stages from 1890 to 1895. It consists of a vestibule, four display halls and fifteen propagating and growing houses. The vestibule and Palm House were built and opened to the public in 1892 and contain giant palms and rubber trees, including a 15 m (50 ft) fiddle-leaf rubber tree planted in 1891. In the Palm House, one can also find Garden Figure, a sculpture by Frederick Hibbard. The Fern Room or Fernery was opened in 1895. It contains plants of the forest floor, primarily a vast collection of ferns. The Tropical Room was originally called the stove house. Opened in 1895, it contained an assortment of tropical plants suspended from bark-covered walls. It is now called the Orchid Room and has a collection of approximately 25,000 natural species. The Display House is used for seasonal flower and plant exhibits. A docent program run by the Chicago Park District and Lincoln Park Conservancy, provides free tours of the Conservatory and its outdoor gardens from 1-4 p.m. on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays and from 9 to Noon on Saturdays.

Lily Pool[link]

Located on Fullerton Parkway between Stockton and Cannon Drives, the Alfred Caldwell Lily Pool is an historic example of Prairie School landscape architecture. The Lily Pool was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and as a National Historic Landmark on February 17, 2006. The Lily Pool had originally been built to cultivate tropical water lilies in 1889. In the 1930s, landscape architect Alfred Caldwell was hired by the Works Progress Administration to redesign the pool in the Prairie School style. From 1998 to 2002, the Lily Pool underwent an extensive restoration by the Lincoln Park Conservancy and Chicago Park District, which earned the site its historic designations, and renamed the site after Alfred Caldwell. The Lily Pool is open seasonally from mid-April to mid-November from 7:30 a.m. to the earlier of dusk or 7:30 p.m. every day. A docent program run by the Chicago Park District and Lincoln Park Conservancy offers free tours from 1-4 p.m. on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays, and from 9 - Noon on Saturdays during operating season.

Nature Museum[link]

First established in 1857 as the Chicago Academy of Sciences and now occupying its new facility in 1999 as the Nature Museum, it descends from the Park District's first museum in the parks. The museum's exhibits include displays about the ecological history of the Illinois region, a live butterfly house, and a green home demonstration. The butterfly house features more than 200 species of exotic butterflies. The museum also offers educational programs for adults and children.

History Museum[link]

Located at Clark Street and North Avenue, the Chicago History Museum is dedicated to everything about Chicago's human history. Perhaps among its most well-known possessions are Abraham Lincoln's deathbed and several furniture pieces from the room where he died in the Petersen House, as well as clothing he and wife Mary Todd Lincoln wore the evening of his assassination. The museum also houses Chicago's most important collection of materials related to local history. In addition to the exhibits, the museum continues to house an extensive research library which includes books and other published materials, manuscripts, paintings, sculptures and photos.

Recreational areas[link]

Facilities[link]

Lincoln Park runs through five Chicago neighborhoods: from north to south, they are Edgewater, Uptown, Lake View, Lincoln Park and Near North. Along its seven mile (11 km) streach, Lincoln Park has many specialized spaces for recreational activities. The Park contains playgrounds, tennis and basketball courts, boating facilities, beaches, field and beach houses, running and bike paths, playing fields and pitches for football, rugby, baseball, softball, cricket, soccer, volleyball, archery, a golf course, driving range, and areas for horseback riding.

Beaches[link]

There are seven public beaches for swimming, sunbathing and beach volleyball along the Park's 7 mile shoreline that are guarded during the summer months. The beaches from north to south are, Thorndale, Hollywood, and Foster in Edgewater; Montrose in Uptown; North Avenue in Lincoln Park; and Oak Street and Ohio in Near North. The first City of Chicago public beach, North Avenue Beach, opened in Lincoln Park in 1895.

Golf[link]

The Waveland Avenue Golf Course (now, Sydney R Marovitz) in the Uptown and Lakeview, Chicago neighborhoods section of the park provides a lakside setting for the game. () Known for its challenging narrow fairways, it offers nine tees on a par 36 course. Further south, inland of Lakeshore Drive, is a driving range and miniature golfcourse.

Boating[link]

There are three harbors in the Park providing marina and docking facilities for boaters: north to south, they are Montrose in Uptown, Lakeview's Belmont Harbor, and Diversey Harbor in the Lakeview and the Lincoln Park Neighborhoods . Montrose Harbor provides 630 dock facilities and is home to the Chicago Corinthian Yacht Club. Belmont Harbor provides 730 moorings, a fuel dock and a ship store. The Chicago Yacht Club has a Belmont station and the Belmont Yacht Club is located here. Diversey Harbor has 714 moorings and the Diversey Yacht Club provides a fueling dock. There is also a public launch at Diversey. In addition, the park also has rowing, sculling, and crewing channels.

Chicago Lakefront Trail[link]

The Chicago Lakefront Trail (abbreviated as LFT) is an 18-mile multi-use path in Chicago, Illinois along the coast of Lake Michigan. It is popular with cyclists and joggers. It is designed to promote bicycle commuting. From north to south, it runs through Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park and Jackson Park.

Wildlife[link]

North Pond[link]

The North Pond Nature Sanctuary (), located between Fullerton, Diversey, Stockton and Cannon, is a ten-acre pond that has become an important wildlife area. Historically the site was a dune, then a dumping ground, and converted in 1999-2000 into a natural area with a littoral zone that greatly improved the water quality by re-establishing native Midwestern ecology. The upland restoration of prairie, savanna, and woodland plants has included only top quality native species such as little bluestem, sky-blue aster, nodding wild onion, side-oats grama, butterfly weed, purple prairie clover, rough blazing star, wild quinine, prairie phlox, coneflowers, false dragonhead, northern prairie dropseed, showy goldenrod, rattlesnake master, shooting star, and wild bergamot. The North Pond Nature Sanctuary is notable as the site where Mayor Richard M. Daley and the US Fish and Wildlife Service signed an Urban Conservation Treaty for Migratory Birds in April, 2004, making the city eligible for federal funds to restore habitat for the lakefront migratory pathway for birds.

Restoration with native plants has drawn a great diversity of wildlife to this urban pond including many species of birds, turtles, frogs, and even a few beavers. Great Blue Herons, Black-crowned Night Herons, Green Herons, Mallards, Wood Ducks, Song Sparrows and woodpeckers can regularly be spotted at the North Pond Nature Sanctuary.

Animal Sanctuaries[link]

Further north in the park, in the Lake View neighborhood (3600 N), there is the Bill Jarvis Migratory Bird Sanctuary (; formerly, Lincoln Park Addison Migratory Bird Sanctuary). First constructed in the 1920s, its spring is supplied with city water to mimic a natural lake marsh environment. It is a unique reserve in that most of its area is entirely fenced around to preserve the habitat from human encroachment. Instead, a nature trail and a viewing platform are at its surrounding perimeter. In 1968, the entire site was almost bulldozed for park development but its Lake View neighbors led a successful campaign to save and restore it. Today it hosts more than 150 species of birds including, six species of herons, like the black crowned night heron; wood ducks; woodcock; hawks; yellow-billed cuckoos; hummingbirds; thrushes; vireos; 34 species of warblers; and 18 native species of sparrows. In addition, small mammals such as rabbit, opossum, raccoon, and occasionally fox and coyote make there home here.

In the Uptown neighborhood (4400 N;), there is the Montrose Point Bird Sanctuary (including “The Magic Hedge”). Its history is perhaps unusual for a nature preserve. During the Cold War, Montrose point, which juts out into Lake Michigan, was used by the United States Army as a Nike missile base. The Army camouflaged their missile launchers and barracks behind honeysuckle hedges. When the Army left in the 1970s, bird watchers noticed how the honeysuckle attracted birds. They successfully lobbied the park district for a new preserve. Now, after extensive replanting, the site supports woodland, tall prairie, and lake dune habitat that annually attracts tens of thousands of migratory birds of more than 300 different species.

Public art[link]

Lincoln Park is known for its statuary. Walking through the park, one sees many of Chicago's great works of art. There is a famous statue of Abraham Lincoln in Lincoln Park by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, the same sculptor who created the Lincoln statue in Grant Park. Replicas of Lincoln Park's "Standing Lincoln" can be found at Lincoln's tomb, Springfield and in Parliament Square, London. The statue is located at Dearborn and North Avenues. It was fully restored in 1989 by the Lincoln Park Conservancy's Adopt-A-Monument Program, and 8,200 s.f. of formal gardens were added in front of the monument.

The only other person who is immortalized by statues in both Grant and Lincoln Parks is Alexander Hamilton, the Lincoln Park statue is sculpted by John Angel. Just as there is an Abraham Lincoln statue in Grant Park, there is a massive memorial to Ulysses S. Grant in Lincoln Park overlooking Cannon Drive. The sculpture was created in 1891 by Louis Rebisso.

John Gelert's Hans Christian Andersen (1896) on Stockton Drive near Webster Avenue provides a tribute to the Danish storyteller. The Eugene Field Memorial (1922) designed by Edward McCartan remembers the ''Chicago Daily News'' columnist and poet who wrote "Little Boy Blue" and "Winken, Blinken, and Nod." William Ordway Partridge's statue of William Shakespeare (1894) provides a third great story-teller in Lincoln Park. This seated Shakespeare provides a lap for children to climb onto. A bust of Sir Georg Solti, the former conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra was also situated in the Lincoln Park Conservatory's formal garden until its relocation to Grant Park in October, 2006. Statues honoring the German poets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller can also be found in Lincoln park. The large Goethe statue is located near Diversey and Stockton. The smaller Schiller statue is located near the western entrance to the zoo.

At Addison Street stands a totem pole depicting Kwanusila the Thunderbird. Finally, a statue of John Peter Altgeld (1915), the nineteenth-century Illinois Governor who pardoned the Haymarket Square rioters, can be seen just south of Diversey. This statue was created by Gutzon Borglum and unveiled on September 6, 1915. Borglum went on to become the sculptor of the Mount Rushmore Monument.

References[link]

External links[link]

Chicago Park District—Lincoln Park

Lincoln Park Conservancy

Hidden Truths: Chicago City Cemetery and Lincoln Park - Then and Now

Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. IL-155, "Passerelle in Lincoln Park," 2001, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Category:Parks in Chicago, Illinois Category:Buildings and monuments honoring American Presidents Category:National Register of Historic Places in Chicago, Illinois Category:Urban public parks Category:Beaches of Illinois

de:Lincoln Park es:Lincoln Park fa:پارک لینکلن fr:Lincoln Park (parc de Chicago) ja:リンカーン・パーク no:Lincoln Park (Chicago) pt:Lincoln Park

name	Steve Goodman
landscape	Yes
background	solo_singer
birth date	July 25, 1948
Birth place	Chicago, IllinoisUnited States
death date	September 20, 1984
Death place	Seattle, Washington United States
instrument	Vocals, guitar
genre	Folk, country, rock, pop
occupation	Musician, Songwriter
years active	1968–1984
label	Buddah, Asylum, Red Pajamas
associated acts	John Prine, Kenneth C. "Jethro" Burns, Jimmy Buffett, Bonnie Koloc, Steve Martin, Tom Paxton, David Allan Coe
website	www.stevegoodman.net
notable instruments	}}

Steve Goodman (July 25, 1948 – September 20, 1984) was an American folk music singer-songwriter from Chicago, Illinois. The writer of "City of New Orleans", made popular by Arlo Guthrie and Willie Nelson, Goodman won two Grammy Awards.

Personal life[link]

Born on Chicago's North Side to a middle-class Jewish family, Goodman began writing and performing songs as a teenager, after his family had moved to the near north suburbs. He graduated from Maine East High School in Park Ridge, Illinois in 1965, where he was a classmate of Hillary Rodham (Clinton). In the fall of 1965, he entered the University of Illinois and pledged Sigma Alpha Mu (Sammies) fraternity where he, Ron Banyon, and Steve Hartmann formed a popular rock cover band, "The Juicy Fruits". He left college after one year to pursue his musical career. In the early spring of 1967 Goodman went to New York, staying for a month in a Greenwich Village brownstone across the street from the Cafe Wha? where Goodman performed regularly during his brief stay there. Returning to Chicago he intended to restart his education but he dropped out again to pursue his musical dream full time after discovering the cause of his continuous fatigue was actually leukemia, the disease that would be present during the entirety of his recording career, until his death in 1984. In 1968 Goodman began performing at the Earl of Old Town in Chicago and attracted a following. By 1969, Goodman was a regular performer in Chicago, while attending Lake Forest College. During this time Goodman supported himself by singing advertising jingles.

In September 1969 he met Nancy Pruter (sister of R&B; writer Robert Pruter), who was attending college while supporting herself as a waitress. They were married in February, 1970. Though he experienced periods of remission, Goodman never felt that he was living on anything other than borrowed time, and some critics, listeners and friends have said that his music reflects this sentiment. His wife Nancy, writing in the liner notes to the posthumous collection ''No Big Surprise'', characterized him this way:

''Basically, Steve was exactly who he appeared to be: an ambitious, well-adjusted man from a loving, middle-class Jewish home in the Chicago suburbs, whose life and talent were directed by the physical pain and time constraints of a fatal disease which he kept at bay, at times, seemingly by willpower alone . . . Steve wanted to live as normal a life as possible, only he had to live it as fast as he could . . . He extracted meaning from the mundane.''

Musical career[link]

Goodman's songs first appeared on ''Gathering at The Earl of Old Town'', an album produced by Chicago record company Dunwich in 1971. As a close friend of Earl Pionke, the owner of the folk music bar, Goodman performed at The Earl dozens of times, including customary New Year's Eve concerts. He also remained closely involved with Chicago's Old Town School of Folk Music, where he had met and mentored his good friend, John Prine.

Later in 1971, Goodman was playing at a Chicago bar called the Quiet Knight as the opening act for Kris Kristofferson. Kristofferson, impressed with Goodman, introduced him to Paul Anka, who brought Goodman to New York to record some demos. These resulted in Goodman signing a contract with Buddah Records.

All this time, Goodman had been busy writing many of his most enduring songs, and this avid songwriting would lead to an important break for him. While at the Quiet Knight, Goodman saw Arlo Guthrie, and asked to be allowed to play a song for him. Guthrie grudgingly agreed, on the condition that Goodman buy him a beer first; Guthrie would listen to Goodman for as long as it took Guthrie to drink the beer. Goodman played "City of New Orleans", (original lyrics) which Guthrie liked enough that he asked to record it. Guthrie's version of the song became a Top 20 hit in 1972, and provided Goodman with enough financial and artistic success to make his music a full-time career. The song, about the Illinois Central's City of New Orleans train, would become an American standard, covered by such musicians as Johnny Cash, Judy Collins, Chet Atkins and Willie Nelson, whose recorded version earned Goodman a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Country Song in 1985. A French translation of the song, "Salut Les Amoureux", was recorded by Joe Dassin in 1979. According to Goodman, the song was inspired by a train trip he and his wife took from Chicago to Mattoon, Illinois.

In 1974, singer David Allan Coe achieved considerable success on the country charts with Goodman's and John Prine's "You Never Even Called Me By My Name", a song which good-naturedly spoofed stereotypical country music lyrics. Prine refused to take a songwriter's credit of the song, although Goodman bought Prine a jukebox as a gift from his publishing royalties.

Goodman's success as a recording artist was more limited. Although he was known in folk circles as an excellent and influential songwriter, his albums received more critical than commercial success. Ironically, one of Goodman's biggest hits was a song he didn't write – "The Dutchman", written by Michael Peter Smith.

During the mid- and late-seventies, Goodman became a regular guest on Easter Day on Vin Scelsa’s radio show in New York City. Scelsa’s personal recordings of these sessions eventually led to an album of selections from these appearances, ''The Easter Tapes''.

In 1977, Goodman performed on the Tom Paxton live album ''New Songs From the Briarpatch'' (Vanguard Records), which contained some of Paxton's topical songs of the 1970s, including "Talking Watergate" and "White Bones of Allende", as well as a song dedicated to Mississippi John Hurt entitled "Did You Hear John Hurt?"

During the fall of 1979, Goodman was hired to write and perform a series of topical songs for National Public Radio. Although Goodman and Jethro Burns recorded eleven songs for the series, only fiveof them, "The Ballad of Flight 191" about a plane crash, "Daley's Gone", "Unemployed", "The Twentieth Century is Almost Over", and "The Election Year Rag", were used on the air before the series was cancelled.

Goodman wrote and performed many humorous songs about Chicago, including three about the Chicago Cubs: "A Dying Cub Fan's Last Request", "When the Cubs Go Marching In" and "Go, Cubs, Go" (which has frequently been played on Cubs' broadcasts and at Wrigley Field after Cubs wins.) He wrote "Go, Cubs, Go" out of spite after then GM Dallas Green called "A Dying Cub Fan's Last Request" too depressing. The Cubs songs grew out of his fanatical devotion to the team, which included many clubhouse and on-field visits with Cub players. He wrote other songs about Chicago included "The Lincoln Park Pirates", about the notorious Lincoln Towing Service, and "Daley's Gone", about Mayor Richard J. Daley. Another comic highlight is "Vegematic", about a man who falls asleep while watching late-night TV and dreams he ordered many products that he saw on infomercials. He could also write serious songs, most notably "My Old Man", a tribute to Goodman's father, Bud Goodman, a used car salesman and World War II veteran.

Goodman won his second Grammy, for Best Contemporary Folk Album, in 1988 for ''Unfinished Business'', a posthumous album on his Red Pajamas Records label.

Many fans become aware of Steve's work through other artists, such as Jimmy Buffett. Buffett has recorded several of Goodman's songs, including "Banana Republics" and "Woman Goin' Crazy on Caroline Street".

Death[link]

On September 20, 1984, Goodman died of leukemia at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle, Washington. He had anointed himself with the tongue-in-cheek nickname “Cool Hand Leuk” (other nicknames included “Chicago Shorty” and “The Little Prince”) during his illness. He was 36.

Four days after Goodman's death, the Chicago Cubs clinched the Eastern Division title in the National League for the first time ever, earning them their first post-season appearance since 1945, three years before Goodman's birth. Eight days later, on October 2, the Cubs played their first post-season game since the 1945 World Series. Goodman had been asked to sing "The Star-Spangled Banner" before it; Jimmy Buffett filled in, and dedicated the song to Goodman.

In April 1988, some of Goodman's ashes were scattered at Wrigley Field, the home of the Chicago Cubs. He was survived by his wife and three daughters.

Legacy[link]

In 2006, Goodman's daughter, Rosanna, issued ''My Old Man'', an album of a variety of artists covering her father's songs.

Interest in Goodman's career had a resurgence in 2007 with the publication of a massive biography by Clay Eals, ''Steve Goodman: Facing the Music''. The same year, the Chicago Cubs began playing Goodman's 1984 song "Go, Cubs, Go" after each home game win. When the Cubs made it to the playoffs, interest in the song and Goodman resulted in several newspaper articles about Goodman. Illinois Lieutenant Governor Pat Quinn declared October 5, 2007 Steve Goodman Day in the state. In 2010, Illinois Representative Mike Quigley introduced a bill renaming the Lakeview post office on Irving Park Road in honor of Goodman. The bill was signed by President Barack Obama on August 3, 2010.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

''Gathering at the Earl of Old Town'' ''Steve Goodman'' ''Somebody Else's Troubles'' ''Jessie's Jig and Other Favorites'' ''Words We Can Dance To'' ''Say It In Private'' ''High and Outside'' ''Hot Spot'' ''Artistic Hair'' ''Affordable Art'' Red Pajamas ''Unfinished Business'' ''The Easter Tapes'' ''Live Wire'' ''Live at the Earl of Old Town''

align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"	Date
1970	|	Dunwich Records>Dunwich	670	Various artists including Goodman, Jim Post, Ed Holstein, Fred Holstein, Ginni Clemmens
1971	|	Buddah Records>Buddah	BDS-5096
1972	|	Buddah	BDS-5121
1975	|	Asylum Records>Asylum	7E-1037
1976	|	Asylum	7E-1061
1977	|	Asylum	7E-1118
1979	|	Asylum	6E-174
1980	|	Asylum	6E-297
1983	|	Red Pajamas Records>Red Pajamas	RPJ-001	Live
rowspan="2"	1984	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-002
''Santa Ana Winds''	|	RPJ-003	First posthumous release
1987	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-005	Second posthumous release, Grammy award
1996	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-009	18 live cuts from WNEW-FM 1970's broadcasts, liner notes by host Vin Scelsa
2000	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-015	Live at Bayou Theater, early 1980s
2006	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-017	Live, August 1978

Compilations[link]

''The Essential Steve Goodman'' ''The Best of the Asylum Years, Volume One'' Red Pajamas ''City of New Orleans'' Special Music (Buddha) ''No Big Surprise - The Steve Goodman Anthology'' ''The Baseball Singles''

align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"	Date
1976	|	Buddah	BDS-5665-2	2 LP compilation, 20 cuts from ''Steve Goodman'' and ''Somebody Else's Troubles''
rowspan="2"	1988	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-006	Compilation
''The Best of the Asylum Years, Volume Two''	|	RPJ-007	Compilation
rowspan="2"	1989	|	Pair Records (Buddha)	PCD-2-1233	Single CD compilation, 19 cuts from ''Steve Goodman'' and ''Somebody Else's Troubles''
''The Original Steve Goodman''	|	SCD-4923	Compilation, 8 cuts from ''Steve Goodman'' and ''Somebody Else's Troubles''
1994	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-008	2 CD compilation (1 studio, 1 live)
2008	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-018	Compilation EP with 4 baseball-themed cuts

Videos[link]

''Steve Goodman: Live From Austin City Limits''

align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"	Date
2003	|	Red Pajamas	RPJ-500	VHS, DVD	John Prine and Kenneth C. Burns>Jethro Burns, plus interviews

Notes[link]

Further reading[link]

Eals, Clay. ''Steve Goodman: Facing the Music''. ECW Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-55022-732-1.

External links[link]

Official site

''Steve Goodman: Facing the Music'' Biography by Clay Eals, May, 2007

Category:1948 births Category:1984 deaths Category:American folk singers Category:Songwriters from Illinois Category:Cancer deaths in Washington (state) Category:Deaths from leukemia Category:Folk musicians from Chicago, Illinois Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Jewish American musicians Category:Jewish composers and songwriters Category:Lake Forest College alumni Category:Old Town School of Folk musicians Category:People from Chicago, Illinois

de:Steve Goodman fr:Steve Goodman ru:Гудман, Стив fi:Steve Goodman

Zorro is a fictional character created in 1919 by New York-based pulp writer Johnston McCulley. The character has been featured in numerous books, films, television series, and other media.

Zorro (Spanish for "Fox") is the secret identity of Don Diego de la Vega, a nobleman and master living in the Spanish colonial era of California. The character has undergone changes through the years, but the typical image of him is a dashing black-clad masked outlaw who defends the people of the land against tyrannical officials and other villains. Not only is he much too cunning and ''foxlike'' for the bumbling authorities to catch, but he delights in publicly humiliating those same foes.

Publishing history[link]

Zorro debuted in McCulley's 1919 story "The Curse of Capistrano", serialized in five parts in the pulp magazine ''All-Story Weekly''. At the denouement, Zorro's true identity is revealed to all.

Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, on their honeymoon, selected the story as the inaugural picture for their new studio, United Artists, beginning the character's cinematic tradition. The story was adapted as ''The Mark of Zorro'' (1920), a film which was a success. McCulley's story was re-released by the publisher Grosset & Dunlap under the same title, to tie in with the film.

Due to public demand fueled by the film, McCulley wrote more than 60 additional Zorro stories, beginning in 1922. The last, ''The Mask of Zorro'' (not to be confused with the 1998 film), was published posthumously in 1959. These stories ignore Zorro's public revelation of his identity. The black costume that modern audiences associate with the character stems from Fairbanks' silent film rather than McCulley's original story. McCulley's subsequent Zorro adventures copied the costume of Fairbanks's Zorro, rather than the other way around. McCulley died in 1958, just as the Disney-produced ''Zorro'' television show was becoming popular.

Fictional history[link]

In ''The Curse of Capistrano'' Don Diego Vega becomes Señor Zorro in the pueblo of Los Angeles in California "to avenge the helpless, to punish cruel politicians", and "to aid the oppressed." He is the title character, as he is dubbed the "curse of Capistrano."

The story involves him romancing Lolita Pulido, an impoverished noblewoman. While Lolita is unimpressed with Diego, who pretends to be a passionless fop, she is attracted to the dashing Zorro. His rival and antagonist is Captain Ramon. Other characters include Sgt. Pedro Gonzales, Zorro's enemy and Diego's friend; Zorro's deaf and mute servant Bernardo; his ally Fray (Friar) Felipe; his father Don Alejandro Vega; and a group of noblemen (''caballeros'') who at first hunt him but are won over to his cause.

In later stories McCulley introduces characters such as pirates and Native Americans, some of whom know Zorro's identity.

In McCulley's later stories, Diego's surname became de la Vega. In fact, the writer was wildly inconsistent. The first magazine serial ended with the villain dead and Diego publicly exposed as Zorro, but in the sequel the antagonist was alive, and the next entry had the double identity still secret.

Several Zorro productions have expanded on the character's exploits. Many of the continuations feature a younger character taking up the mantle of Zorro.

Characteristics[link]

In ''The Curse of Capistrano'' McCulley describes Diego as "unlike the other full-blooded youths of the times"; though proud as befitting his class (and seemingly uncaring about the lower classes), he shuns action, rarely wearing his sword except for fashion, and is indifferent to romance with women. This is, of course, a sham. This portrayal, with minor variations, is followed in most Zorro media.

A notable exception to this portrayal is Disney's ''Zorro'' (1957–59), where Diego, instead, appears as a passionate and compassionate crusader for justice—but masquerades as "the most inept swordsman in all of California." In this show, everyone knows Diego would love to do what Zorro does, but thinks he does not have the skill.

The Family Channel's ''Zorro'' (1990-93) takes this concept further. While Diego pretends to be inept with a sword, the rest of his facade is actually exaggerating his real interests. Diego is actually well versed and interested in art, poetry, literature, and science. His facade is pretending to only be interested in these things and to have no interest in swordplay or action. Zorro also has a full-blown laboratory in his hidden cave in this version of the story.

Character motifs[link]

The character's visual motif is typically a black costume with a flowing Spanish cape, a flat-brimmed black sombrero cordobés, and a black cowl sackcloth mask that covers the top of the head from eye level upwards. In his first appearance, he wears a cloak instead of a cape, and a black cloth veil mask covering his whole face with slits for eyes. Other features of the costume may vary; sometimes black riding boots or bell-bottom trousers, sometimes a vest, a waistsash or riding belt, and a moustache.

His favored weapon is a rapier which he often uses to leave his distinctive mark, a ''Z'' made with three quick cuts. He also uses a bullwhip. In his debut, he uses a pistol.

The fox is never depicted as Zorro's emblem, but as a metaphor for the character's wiliness ("Zorro, 'the Fox', so cunning and free..." from the Disney television show theme).

His heroic pose consists of rearing on his horse Toronado/Tornado, sword raised high. (The logo of Zorro Productions, Inc. uses this pose.)

Skills and resources [link]

Zorro is an agile athlete and acrobat, using his bullwhip as a gymnastic accoutrement to swing through gaps between city roofs, and is very capable of landing from great heights and taking a fall. Although he is a master swordsman and marksman he has more than once demonstrated his prowess in unarmed combat against multiple opponents.

His calculating and precise dexterity as a tactician has enabled him to use his two main weapons, his sword and bullwhip, as an extension of his deft hand. He never uses brute strength, more his fox-like sly mind and well-practiced technique to outmatch an opponent.

In some versions, Zorro keeps a medium-sized dagger tucked in his left boot for emergencies. He has used his cape as a blind, a trip-mat and a disarming tool. Zorro's boots are also sometimes weighted, as is his hat which he has thrown, Frisbee-like, as an efficiently substantial warning to enemies. But more often than not, he uses psychological mockery to make his opponents too angry to be coordinated in combat.

Zorro is a skilled horseman. The name of his jet-black horse has varied through the years. In ''The Curse of Capistrano'', it was unnamed. Later versions named the horse Toronado/Tornado or Tempest. In other versions, Zorro rides a white horse named Phantom.

McCulley's concept of a band of men helping Zorro is often absent from other versions of the character. An exception is ''Zorro's Fighting Legion'' (1939), starring Reed Hadley as Diego. In McCulley's stories, Zorro was aided by a deaf mute named Bernardo. In Disney's ''Zorro'' television series, Bernardo is not deaf but pretends to be, and serves as Zorro's spy. He is a capable and invaluable helper for Zorro, sometimes wearing the mask to reinforce his master's charade. The Family Channel's ''Zorro'' television series replaces Bernardo with a teenager named Felipe, played by Juan Diego Botto, with a similar disability (his muteness is the result of trauma) and pretense.

Inspirations[link]

Zorro bears some similarities to historical Andalusian bandits of the 18th and 19th centuries. He is most closely associated with Joaquin Murrieta, whose life was fictionalized in an 1854 dime novel by John Rollin Ridge. Other possible inspirations for the character include Robin Hood, Reynard the Fox, Salomon Pico, Manuel Rodríguez Erdoíza, and Tiburcio Vasquez. Another possibility was William Lamport, an Irish soldier living in Mexico in the 17th century. His life inspired a fictional book by Vicente Riva Palacio, and a biography, ''The Irish Zorro'', was published in 2004. The Yokuts Indian Estanislao, who led a revolt against the Mission San Jose in 1827, is another possible inspiration. In the 1998 film ''The Mask of Zorro'', Murrieta's (fictional) brother succeeds Diego as Zorro.

The 1890s penny dreadful treatment of the Spring Heeled Jack character as a masked avenger may have inspired some aspects of Zorro's heroic persona. Spring Heeled Jack was portrayed as a nobleman who created a flamboyant, masked alter ego to fight injustice, frequently demonstrated exceptional athletic and combative skills, maintained a hidden lair and was known to carve the letter "S" into walls with his rapier as a calling card.

Like the The Scarlet Pimpernel, Zorro keeps his true identity free of suspicion by acting as a fop or dandy in his persona as the nobleman Don Diego. The all-black Fairbanks film costume, which with variations has remained the standard costume for the character, was likely adapted from that of the Arrow film serial character ''The Masked Rider''. In 1919, he was the first Mexican black-clad masked mystery rider on a black horse to be seen on the silver screen, before the following year's release of ''The Mark of Zorro''. Fairbanks' costume is identical to the Rider's, albeit with a half-mask and without the hat.

Appearances in media[link]

Books[link]

Johnston McCulley's original magazine serial, "The Curse of Capistrano" from ''All-Story Weekly'', was published in 1924 as a novella by Grosset & Dunlap under the title ''The Mark of Zorro''. It was reprinted by MacDonald & Co. in 1959 and by Tor books in 1998, ISBN 978-0-8125-4007-9.

Johnston McCulley's Zorro short stories were reprinted by Pulp Adventures Inc. in a series of trade paperback editions.

*''Zorro The Master's Edition Volume One (1932–1944)'' February 2000 ISBN 1-891729-20-9

*''Zorro The Master's Edition Volume Two (1944–1946)'' January 2002 ISBN 1-891729-21-7

*''Zorro The Master's Edition: A Task For Zorro (1947)'' July 2002 ISBN 1-891729-31-4

A series of paperback novels were published by Tom Doherty Associates, Inc. Books in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

*''Zorro and the Jaguar Warriors'' by Jerome Preisler September 1998 ISBN 978-0-8125-6767-0

*''Zorro and The Dragon Riders'' by David Bergantino March 1999 ISBN 978-0-8125-6768-7

*''Zorro and the Witch's Curse'' by John Whitman April 2000 ISBN 978-0-8125-6769-4

* Gerard Ronan's Biography of William Lamport "The Irish Zorro" was published by Brandon Books in 2004. ISBN 978-0-86322-329-7.

Minstrel Books published A series of young reader novels based on the motion picture ''The Mask of Zorro''.

*''The Treasure of Don Diego'' by William McCay 1998 ISBN 978-0-671-51968-1

*''Skull and Crossbones'' by Frank Lauria 1999 ISBN 978-0-671-51970-4

*''The Secret Swordsman'' by William McCay 1999 ISBN 978-0-671-51969-8

*''The Lost Temple'' by Frank Lauria 1999

Zorro filmographic books have also been published:

*''The Legend of Zorro'' by Bill Yenne 1991 Mallard Press ISBN 978-0-7924-5547-9

*''Zorro Unmasked The Official History'' by Sandra Curtis 1998 Hyperion ISBN 978-0-7868-8285-4

*''Tales of Zorro'' anthology edited by Richard Dean Starr 2008 Moonstone Books ISBN 978-1-933076-31-7

The character was also the subject of a historical novel by a famous Chilean author.

*''Zorro'' by Isabel Allende 2005 HarperCollins ISBN 0-06-077897-0 (see article)

Films[link]

The character has been adapted for over forty films. They include:

American films[link]

''The Mark of Zorro'' (1920), with Douglas Fairbanks

''Don Q, Son of Zorro'' (1925), with Douglas Fairbanks

''The Bold Caballero'' (1936), with Robert Livingston

''Zorro's Fighting Legion'' (1939), with Reed Hadley

''The Mark of Zorro'' (1940), with Tyrone Power

''The Sign of Zorro'' (1958), with Guy Williams, portions of the first 13 ''Zorro'' TV series episodes edited into a feature film, released overseas in 1958 and domestically in 1960.

''Zorro, the Avenger'' (1959), with Guy Williams, another theatrical compilation of several ''Zorro'' TV episodes, released overseas, and was not seen in the United States until it was eventually aired on the Disney Channel.

''The Mark of Zorro (1974 film)'' (1974), a made for television movie with Frank Langella as Zorro that reuses the Alfred Newman theme from the 1940 ''The Mark of Zorro''.

''Zorro, The Gay Blade'' (1981), a parody, with George Hamilton. Diego, Jr., breaks his leg shortly after launching his career as a new Zorro, and his gay twin brother Ramon, now calling himself Bunny Wigglesworth, volunteers to fill in while he recuperates.

''The Mask of Zorro'' (1998), played against tradition, with Anthony Hopkins as an aged Diego de la Vega and Antonio Banderas as Alejandro Murrieta, a misfit outlaw who is groomed to become the next Zorro.

''The Legend of Zorro'' (2005), the sequel to the 1998 ''The Mask of Zorro'', again starring Antonio Banderas.

20th Century Fox are working on a reboot Zorro film called ''Zorro Reborn'' with Gael Garcia Bernal in the title role with a script by Glen Gers, Lee Shipman, and Brian McGeevy. Sony are also planning another film with a script by Matthew Federman and Stephen Scaia based on the novel by Isabel Allende..

Mexican films[link]

''La Gran Aventura Del Zorro'' (1974), Mexican Western with Rodolfo de Anda, the first Mexican actor to play the role; with Pedro Armendáriz Jr. as the villain and set in a very primitive San Francisco Bay Area.

A similar character was "The Black Wolf" set in Monterey, California in 1846.

''El lobo negro'' (1981) Spain & Mexico Fernando Allende

''Duelo a muerte''/''Revenge of the Black Wolf'' (1981) Spain Fernando Allende

European films[link]

In addition to a variety of Zorro films, European producers also used a similar character called the Coyote.

''À la manière de Zorro''/ ''In the Way of Zorro'' (1926) Belgium William Elie

''Il sogno di Zorro'' (1952) Italy Walter Chiari

''La montaña sin ley'' (1953) Spain José Suárez (Suárez is the first Spanish actor to play the role)

''Zorro alla corte di Spagna''/''Zorro at the Spanish Court'' (1962) Italy George Ardisson

''La venganza del Zorro''/''Zorro the Avenger'' (1962) Spain Frank Latimore

''L'ombra di Zorro''/''The Shadow of Zorro'' (1962) Italy, Spain & France Frank Latimore

''Le tre spade di Zorro''/''The Three Swords of Zorro'' (1963) Spain & Italy Guy Stockwell

''Zorro e i tre moschettieri''/''Zorro and the Three Musketeers'' (1963) Italy Gordon Scott

''Zorro contro Maciste''/''Samson and the Slave Queen'' (1963) Italy & Spain Pierre Brice

''Il segno di Zorro''/''Duel at the Rio Grande'' (1963) Spain, Italy & France Sean Flynn

''El Zorro cabalga otra vez''/''Behind the Mask of Zorro'' (1965) Italy & Spain Tony Russel

''Zorro il ribelle''/''Zorro the Rebel'' (1966) Italy Howard Ross

''El Zorro'' (1968) Italy & Spain George Ardisson

''I nipoti di Zorro''/''The Nephews of Zorro'' (1968) Italy Dean Reed (comedy with Franco & Ciccio)

''Zorro marchese di Navarra''/''Zorro, the Navarra Marquis'' (1969) Italy Nino Vingelli

''Zorro alla corte d'Inghilterra''/''Zorro in the Court of England'' (1969) Italy Spiros Focas

''El Zorro justiciero'' (1969) Italy & Spain Fabio Testi

''La última aventura del Zorro'' (1970) Spain & Italy Carlos Quiney

''El Zorro de Monterrey'' (1971) Spain & Italy Carlos Quiney

''Zorro il cavaliere della vendetta''/''Zorro, Rider of Vengeance'' (1971) Spain & Italy Carlos Quiney

''The Erotic Adventures of Zorro'' (1972) France, USA & West Germany Douglas Frey

''Les aventures galantes de Zorro'' (1972) France & Belgium Jean-Michel Dhermay

''Il figlio di Zorro''/''Son of Zorro'' (1973) Italy & Spain Alberto Dell'Acqua

''Le meravigliose avventure di Zorro'' (1974) Italy

''Il sogno di Zorro''/''Grandsons of Zorro'' (1975) Italy Franco Franchi

''Zorro'' (1975) Italy & France Alain Delon

''La marque de Zorro'' (1975) France Monica Swinn

''Ah sì? E io lo dico a Zzzzorro!''/''Mark of Zorro'' (1976) Italy & Spain George Hilton

The Coyote of "El Coyote" was a creation of Spanish novelist José Figuerola Mallorquí writing as Carter Mulford beginning with a novel of the same name in 1943.

''El coyote'' (1955) Spain & Mexico Act Odón Alonso

''La justicia del Coyote''/''Judgement of Coyote'' (1956) Spain & Mexico Odón Alonso

''Il segno del coyote''/''The Sign of the Coyote'' (1963) Italy & Spain Fernando Casanova

''La vuelta de El Coyote''/''The Return of El Coyote'' (1998) Spain José Coronado

Film serials[link]

''Zorro Rides Again'' (1937), with John Carroll as a modern-day descendant, James Vega

''Zorro's Fighting Legion'' (1939), with Reed Hadley

''Zorro's Black Whip'' (1944), with Linda Stirling as an 1880s female descendent, The Black Whip

''Son of Zorro'' (1947), with George Turner

''Ghost of Zorro'' (1949), with Clayton Moore

Television[link]

''Zorro'', a Walt Disney-produced half-hour television series, running from 1957 to 1959, and starring Guy Williams as Zorro. The two Guy Williams-starred features above were episode compilations, and there were two one-hour follow-ups on the Walt Disney anthology television series in the 1959–1960 TV season.

''The Mark of Zorro'' (1974), with Frank Langella, a made for television remake of the 1940 film

''The New Adventures of Zorro'', 1981 animated series from Filmation.

''Zorro and Son'', 1983

''Zorro'' (also known as The New Zorro or New World Zorro or Zorro 1990) was an early 1990s television series featuring Duncan Regehr. Regehr portrayed him for 88 episodes on The Family Channel from 1990 to 1993. Two feature length videos were episode compilations. It was shot entirely in Madrid, Spain.

''Kaiketsu Zorro'' (1996) Japanese anime version from NHK and Ashi Productions.

''The New Adventures of Zorro'', 1997 animated series from Warner Bros..

''The Amazing Zorro'', 2002 made for TV animated film created by DIC Entertainment. It premiered on television on ''Nickelodeon Sunday Movie Toons'' and was released on DVD and VHS shortly afterward by MGM Home Entertainment.

''Zorro: La Espada y la Rosa'' (The Sword and the Rose), a (2007) Spanish language telenovela from Sony Pictures and Telemundo, starring Peruvian actor Christian Meier as Don Diego de la Vega/Zorro and Marlene Favela as Esmeralda Sánchez de Moncada. This was filmed in the colonial village of Villa de Leyva, Colombia.

''Zorro: Generation Z'',(2008) animated series follows a descendant of the original Zorro, also named Diego De La Vega, fighting crime and the corrupt government of Pueblo Grande in a future setting. ''Zorro'', a 2009 TV series from the GMA Network of the Philippines. The lead role is portrayed by Richard Gutierrez with leading ladies Rhian Ramos, Bianca King, and Michelle Madrigal.

Audio/Radio Dramas[link]

Disney Zorro: [1. Presenting Señor Zorro; 2. Zorro Frees The Indians; 3. Zorro And The Ghost; 4. Zorro's Daring Rescue] (1957) released by Disneyland Records/ Buena Vista Records release. These albums retold stories from the Disney Zorro television series and featured Guy Williams as Zorro and Don Diego, Henry Calvin as Sergeant Garcia, Phil Ross as Monastario, Jan Arvan as Torres, Jimmie Dodd from The Mickey Mouse Club as Padre Felipe, with other voices by Dallas McKennon and sound effects by Jimmy Macdonald and Eddie Forrest. Record story adaptations by Bob Thomas and George Sherman. Music composed and conducted by William Lava.

The Adventures of Zorro. (1957) Based on the original Johnston McCulley story The Curse of Capistrano (aka The Mark of Zorro). It was written by Maria Little, directed by Robert M. Light and produced by Mitchell Gertz. This short-lived radio show was a series of short episodes. Only a handful of episodes are known to have survived.

The Mark of Zorro. (1997) [No longer available] Produced by the BBC it starred Mark Arden as Zorro, Louise Lombard as Lolita and Glyn Houston as Friar Felipe. It aired in 5 parts. 1. July 3 97 Night of the Fox: 2. July 10 97 Deadly Reckonings: 3. July 17 97 The Avenging Blade 4. July 24 97 The Place of Skulls 5. July 31 97 The Gathering Storm

Zorro and the Pirate Raiders. (2009) Based on the D.J. Arneson adaptation of Johnston McCulley's The Further Adventures of Zorro. Produced by Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air. Published by Brilliance Audio. It features Kevin Cirone, Shonna McEachern, Hugh Metzler, J.T. Turner, Sam Donato, Joseph Zamperelli Jr., and Dan Powell.

Zorro Rides Again. (2011) Based on the D.J. Arneson adaptation of Johnston McCulley's Zorro Rides Again. Produced by Colonial Theatre on the Air. It features the voice talents of Kevin Cirone, Jeremy Benson, Shonna McEachern, Shana Dirk, Sam Donato, and Hugh Metzler.

The Mark of Zorro. (2011) The action adventure story that inspired a legend. Based on the original Johnston McCulley Zorro story The Curse of Capistrano (aka The Mark of Zorro). Produced by Hollywood Theater of the Ear for Blackstone Audio. Written and directed and co-produced by the multi-award winning Yuri Rasovsky. Executive Producers: John Gertz of Zorro Productions and Josh Stanton of Blackstone Audio. Associate Producer Daryl McCullough. It features the voice talents of Val Kilmer as Diego de la Vega/Zorro, Ruth Livier as Lolita Pulido, Elizabeth Peña as Doña Catalina Pulido, Armin Shimmerman as the Landlord, Mishach Taylor as Sgt Pedro Gonzalez, Keith Szarabajka as Cpt Ramone, Ned Schmidtke as Don Carlos Pulido, Scott Brick as the Governor, Stefan Rudnicki as Fray Felipe, Kristoffer Tabori as Don Alejando de la Vega, Philip Proctor as Don Audre, John Sloan as the Magistrado, and Gordo Panza in numerous roles.

Toys[link]

Due to the popularity of the Disney TV series, in 1958, The Topps Company produced an 88 card set featuring stills from that year's movie. The cards were rare and became collectors' items. In the same year the Louis Marx company released a variety of Zorro toys such as hats, swords, toy pistols and a playset with the Lido company also making plastic figures.

A major toy line based on the classic Zorro characters, motifs and styling, was released by Italian toy giant, Giochi Preziosi, master toy licensees of the property. The toy range was developed by Pangea Corporation and released worldwide in 2005 and featured action figures in various scales, interactive playsets and roleplaying items. New original characters were also introduced, including Senor Muerte, who served as a foil to Zorro.

In 2007, Brazilian toymaker Gulliver Toys licensed the rights to Zorro: Generation Z, which was co-developed by BKN and Pangea Corporation. The toy range was designed concurrent and in association with the animated program.

In 2011, US based collectibles company Triad Toys released a 12-inch Zorro action figure.

Comics[link]

Zorro has appeared in many different comic book series over the decades. One version was rendered by Alex Toth for Dell Comics in ''Four Color'' magazine starting in 1949 and appearing through the 1950s. Zorro was given his own title in 1959, which lasted 7 more issues and then was made a regular feature of ''Walt Disney's Comics and Stories'' (also published by Dell) from #275 to #278. Gold Key Comics began a Zorro series in 1966, but, like their contemporaneous Lone Ranger series, it featured only material reprinted from the earlier Dell comics, and folded after 9 issues, in 1968. The character remained dormant for the next twenty years until it was revived by Marvel Comics in 1990, for a 12-issue tie-in with the Duncan Regehr television series ''Zorro''. Many of these comics had Alex Toth covers.

Over the years, various English reprint volumes have been published. This include but are not limited to:

Zorro In Old California Eclipse Books ISBN 978-0-913035-12-2

Zorro The Complete Classic Adventures By Alex Toth. Volume One Image Comics 1998. ISBN 978-1-58240-014-3

Zorro The Dailies - The First Year By Don McGregor, Thomas Yeates. Image Comics 2001. ISBN 1-58240-239-6

In 1993 Topps Comics published a 2-issue mini-series ''Dracula Versus Zorro'' followed by a Zorro series that ran 11 issues. Topps created Lady Rawhide, a spin-off from the Zorro stories, in two brief series. All of this was written by Don McGregor. He subsequently scripted a miniseries adaptation of ''The Mask of Zorro'' film for Dark Horse Comics.

A newspaper daily and Sunday strip were also published in the late 1990s. This was written by McGregor and rendered by Tom Yeates. Papercutz once published a Zorro series and graphic novels as well. This version is drawn in a manga style.

Dynamite Entertainment relaunched the character in 2008 with writer Matt Wagner first adapting Isabel Allende's novel before writing his own stories. The publisher also released an earlier unpublished tale called "Matanzas" by Don McGregor and artist Mike Mayhew.

The character also appeared in European comics and is universally beloved in Latin America, usually in licensed, translated reprints of American comics. In the Netherlands, Zorro was drawn by Hans G. Kresse for the weekly Pep.

Stage productions[link]

A musical titled ''Zorro'' opened in the West End in 2008. It is directed by Christopher Renshaw, choreographed by Rafael Amargo and features music from the band Gipsy Kings. Directed by Christopher Renshaw, ''Zorro'' features the choreography of flamenco dancer Rafael Amargo. The US premiere production took place in 2012 at Hale Centre Theatre in Salt Lake City, Utah, with other productions planned for Atlanta, Los Angeles, and a 40 city tour to include Broadway.

Music[link]

On the commercial release of the ''Zorro'' 1957 Disney TV series' Zorro theme, the lead vocal was by Henry Calvin, the actor who played Sergeant Garcia on the program. The song was written by Jimmy Dodd.

The Chordettes sang the single version of the song, complete with the "Sounds of the Z" and the clip clopping of Zorro's horse. The song hit Number 17 in 1958 according to the Billboard Charts.

Henri Salvador had a hit in 1964 with the humorous song "Zorro est arrivé." It tells from a child's point of view how exciting it is whenever a villain threatens to kill a lady in the television series. But every time again, to his relief, the "great and beautiful" Zorro comes to the rescue. An early music video was made at the time.

Alice Cooper's 1982 album ''Zipper Catches Skin'' includes the song "Zorro's Ascent" which is about Zorro facing his death.

Computer and video games[link]

''Zorro (Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer game)''

''The Mask of Zorro'' (1999), Game Boy Color

''The Shadow of Zorro'' (2001), PC, PlayStation 2

''The Destiny of Zorro'', announced in 2008 for Wii

''Zorro: Quest for Justice'' (2009), Nintendo DS

There is a Zorro themed poker machine available to play at most gaming establishments in Australia and New Zealand.

Copyright and trademark[link]

The copyright and trademark status of the Zorro character and stories has been disputed on occasion.

A company called Zorro Productions, Inc., asserts that it "controls the worldwide trademarks and copyrights in the name, visual likeness and the character of Zorro." It further states that "The unauthorized, unlicensed use of the name, character and/or likeness of 'Zorro' is an infringement and a violation of state and federal laws."

One such dispute was the 2001 case of ''Sony Pictures Entertainment v. Fireworks Ent. Group.'' On January 24, 2001, Sony Pictures, TriStar Pictures and Zorro Productions, Inc. sued Fireworks Entertainment, Paramount Pictures, and Mercury Entertainment, claiming that the ''Queen of Swords'' television series infringed upon the copyrights and trademarks of Zorro and associated characters. Sony and TriStar had paid licensing fees to Zorro Productions, Inc., related to the 1998 film ''The Mask of Zorro''. ''Queen of Swords'' was a 2000–2001 television series set in Spanish California during the early 19th century and featuring a protagonist who wore a black costume with a red sash demonstrating many aspects of the Zorro character including the swordfighting skills of the rapier and dagger, the dagger in the boot, use of a whip and Bolas, and horse riding skills.

Zorro Productions, Inc., argued that it owned the copyright to the original character because Johnston McCulley assigned his Zorro rights to Mitchell Gertz in 1949. Gertz died in 1961 and his estate transferred to his children, who created Zorro Productions, Inc. Fireworks Entertainment argued that the original rights had already been transferred to Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. in 1920 and provided documents showing this was legally affirmed in 1929, and also questioned whether the copyright was still valid.

The court ruled that "since the copyrights in ''The Curse of Capistrano'' and ''The Mark of Zorro'' lapsed in 1995 or before, the character Zorro has been in the public domain". Judge Collins also stated that: "Plaintiffs' argument that they have a trademark in Zorro because they licensed others to use Zorro, however, is specious. It assumes that ZPI had the right to demand licenses to use Zorro at all."

However, in 2002, Judge Collins vacated her ruling rendering it null and void. The action was dismissed pursuant to a settlement between the parties.

In another legal action in 2010, Zorro Productions, Inc., sued Mars, Incorporated, makers of M&M;'s chocolate candies, and ad agency BBDO Worldwide over a commercial featuring a Zorro-like costume. The case was settled with "each party shall bear its own costs incurred in connection with this action, including its attorney’s fees and costs" on August 13, 2010..

Popular culture[link]

Bob Kane has credited Zorro as part of the inspiration for the Batman. Like Zorro, Bruce Wayne is affluent, the heir of wealth built by his parents. His everyday persona encourages others to think of him as shallow, foolish and uncaring to throw off suspicion. Frank Miller's ''The Dark Knight Returns'' and ''The Dark Knight Strikes Again'' both include multiple Zorro references including the Batman inscribing a Z on a defeated foe.

Zorro's black mask, cape and gaucho hat have been adopted by mascots at University of California Santa Barbara (Gauchos), University of San Francisco, Texas Tech University and Edward S. Marcus High School.

Puss in Boots, the cat in the ''Shrek'' film series and central character of a 2011 film of his own, was based both on the fairy tale character of the same name and on Zorro. The character was voiced by Antonio Banderas, the actor who portrayed Zorro in ''The Mask of Zorro'' and ''The Legend of Zorro''. At one point the cat uses his sword to scratch a "P" on his victim, a parody of Zorro's trademark move.

In the 1999 episode of The Simpsons "E-I-E-I-(Annoyed Grunt)" Zorro was featured in a parody of a blatantly historically inaccurate movie called The Poke Of Zorro, culminating in a glove-slap to the Scarlet Pimpernel, the winning of King Arthur's crown, and a hip-hop tune with the lyric "The Z to the O to the double-R O, he's the dude in the mask from the barrio."

References[link]

External links[link]

Zorro Productions, Inc.

A comprehensive guide to the New World Zorro television series

Zorro The Musical 2008

A guide to the Walt Disney television series version of Zorro

Category:Media franchises Category:Series of books Category:Fictional characters from California Category:Fictional American people of Spanish descent Category:Fictional vigilantes Category:Characters in pulp fiction Category:Film serial characters Category:Western (genre) characters Category:Fictional gentleman thieves Category:Fictional outlaws Category:1919 introductions

ar:زورو frp:Zorro be-x-old:Зора bg:Зоро br:Zorro cs:Zorro da:Zorro de:Zorro es:El Zorro eo:Zorro fa:زورو fr:Zorro ga:Zorro ko:조로 it:Zorro he:זורו hu:Zorro nl:Zorro ja:怪傑ゾロ no:Zorro pl:Zorro pt:Zorro ro:Zorro ru:Зорро fi:Zorro sv:Zorro tl:Zorro (komiks) tr:Zorro vi:Zorro zh:蘇洛

name	Bobby Bare
background	solo_singer
birth name	Robert Joseph Bare
birth date	April 07, 1935
origin	Ironton, OH, United States
instrument	Guitar
genre	Country
label	RCA RecordsMercury RecordsColumbia Records
years active	1958 – Present
associated acts	Skeeter Davis, Waylon Jennings, Petter Øien
website	and }}

Robert Joseph "Bobby" Bare (born April 7, 1935, Ironton, OH) is an American country music singer and songwriter. He is the father of Bobby Bare, Jr., also a musician.

Early career[link]

Bare had many failed attempts to sell his songs in the 1950s. He finally signed with Capitol Records and recorded a few rock and roll songs without much chart success. Just before he was drafted into the Army, he wrote a song called "The All American Boy" and did a demo for his friend, Bill Parsons, to learn and record. Instead of using the version Bill Parsons did later, the record company, Fraternity Records, decided to use the original demo recorded by Bobby Bare. The record reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, but they made an error: the singles' labels all credited the artist as being "Bill Parsons." The same track, with the same billing error, peaked at #22 in the UK Singles Chart in April 1959.

Career at RCA (1962–1970)[link]

Bare's big break in country music came when RCA Records' Chet Atkins signed him. The first song he released on the label was "Shame On Me" in 1962. His second RCA release, "Detroit City," was his first top-ten Country single, reaching number six. It also hit number 16 on the pop charts. In 1964, he also received a Grammy Award for Best Country and Western Recording for the song Detroit City. Then a surge of hits followed, including "500 Miles Away from Home" (based on a traditional folk ballad written by Hedy West as "500 Miles") and Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds." In 1965 he received two Grammy nominations for Best Country & Western Vocal Performance and Best Country & Western single for the song “Four Strong Winds”. In 1966, he received a Grammy Nomination for Best Country & Western Male Vocal Performance for his song “Talk Me Some Sense”. He also recorded with Skeeter Davis, Norma Jean and Liz Anderson. "The Game of Triangles", a wife-husband-other woman drama that hit number five on the Billboard chart earned the trio a Grammy nomination. In 1968, he recorded an album with a group from England called The Hillsiders. In 1969, he had a Top 5 hit with Tom T. Hall's "(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn".

Career at Mercury (1970–1972)[link]

Bare moved to Mercury Records in 1970 and immediately scored a Top 3 hit with "How I Got To Memphis" and had two Top 10 hits from early Kris Kristofferson compositions, "Come Sundown" (1971) and "Please Don't Tell Me How The Story Ends," (1971). He also scored a #12 hit in 1972 with a version of Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show's pop hit "Sylvia's Mother", written by Shel Silverstein.

Second career at RCA (1973–1977)[link]

After a couple of years at Mercury, Bobby returned to RCA Records in 1973 and scored with Billy Joe Shaver's "Ride Me Down Easy" which nearly made the Top 10.

Bobby Bare started to release novelty songs recorded live with selected audiences. One such song, "Marie Laveau," reached the number one position on the country chart in 1974; it was his only number one hit. This song was co-written by his friends Shel Silverstein and Baxter Taylor, who received a BMI Award for the song in 1975.

Silverstein penned other songs for Bare including a Grammy-nominated hit, "Daddy What If," which he recorded with his five-year-old son, Bobby Bare, Jr. The song was an immediate success as well not only reaching #2 on the country charts but nearly reaching the Top 40 on the Pop charts. Bare's album, "Lullabys, Legends and Lies" became his most commercially successful album and Bobby had a new audience with pop radio once again playing his songs and a new following with college kids. These two songs, however, would become Bobby's last Top 10 hits. Bare later recorded a very successful album with his family, written mainly by Silverstein, called "Singin' in The Kitchen." It was nominated for best group category in Grammy Awards, but was declined by Bobby himself. He continued to record critically acclaimed albums and singles. His biggest hits during this time included "Alimony" (1975), "The Winner" (1976), and "Drop Kick Me Jesus (Through The Goalposts Of Life)" (the world's only Christian-football waltz, and a 1976 Grammy nominee). In 1977 he recorded "Redneck Hippie Romance" and "Vegas" (a duet with his wife Jeannie).

Concept albums were nothing new for Bobby, In 1967, Bare came up with a concept album called "Bird Named Yesterday," which was very successful. His most successful concept album is "Lullabys, Legends and Lies". He also is the first to be given full control of his work and thus the very first Outlaw.

Career at Columbia Records (1978–1983)[link]

Bobby signed with Columbia Records and continued to have hits like "Sleep Tight Good Night Man" a near Top 10 in 1978 and releasing critically acclaimed albums like "Bare" and "Sleeper Wherever I Fall". In 1979, he started off Rosanne Cash's career in a big way by singing a duet with her called "No Memories Hangin' Round" which went Top 20 for them. In 1980, he scored a near Top 10 with "Numbers" which came from his album "Down and Dirty" where Bare started to experiment with Southern rock and continued this with his next album "Drunk and Crazy". In 1981, Bobby released an album entitled "As Is" which was produced by Rodney Crowell and returned Bobby back to his country roots with songs like "New Cut Road". Bare was still doing well chartwise into the early 1980s. In 1983, he released a Top 30 duet with Lacy J. Dalton called "It's A Dirty Job". His last trip into the Top 30 came that summer with the novelty song "The Jogger".

Eurovision 2012[link]

On 4 February 2012, Bobby joined up with Petter Øien at the 2012 Melodi Grand Prix to choose the entry for Norway's entry to the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan in May. His song, "Things Change", got through to the Norwegian final, held on 11 February 2012. In the final he finished third.

Film career[link]

Bobby Bare was also given an opportunity to star in the movies. He acted in a Western with Troy Donahue, ''A Distant Trumpet'', and a few episodes of the TV series ''No Time for Sergeants''. He turned his back on Hollywood to pursue his career in country music.

Later career in country music and today[link]

From 1983 to 1988, Bobby hosted ''Bobby Bare and Friends'' on The Nashville Network which featured Bobby interviewing songwriters who sang their hit songs on the show.

In 1985, Bobby signed with EMI America Records where he scored 3 charted singles, but none of these reached the upper regions of the charts.

In 1998, he formed the band, Old Dogs, with his friends Jerry Reed, Mel Tillis and Waylon Jennings.

In 2005, he recorded a new album after over 20 years, called ''The Moon Was Blue'', produced by his son Bobby Bare, Jr., who is also a musician. He continues to tour today.

In nearly 50 years of making music, Bobby has made many firsts in country music. Bare is credited for introducing Waylon Jennings to RCA. He is also one of the first to record from many well- known song writers such as Jack Clement, Harlan Howard, Billy Joe Shaver, Mickey Newbury, Tom T. Hall, Shel Silverstein, Baxter Taylor and Kris Kristofferson.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Year	Album	Chart Positions			Label
		! width="45"	! width="45"	CAN Country
	''"Detroit City" And Other Hits''
''500 Miles Away from Home''
1964	''The Travelin' Bare''
	''Tunes for Two'' (w/ Skeeter Davis)
''Constant Sorrow''
	''The Best of Bobby Bare''
''Talk Me Some Sense''
''The Streets of Baltimore''
''This I Believe''
''A Bird Named Yesterday''
''The English Country Side'' (w/ The Hillsliders)
1968	''The Best of Bobby Bare - Volume 2''
1969	''(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn(And Other Controversial Country Songs)''
	''Your Husband My Wife'' (w/ Skeeter Davis)
''Real Thing''
''This Is Bare Country''
	''Where Have All the Seasons Gone''
''I Need Some Good News Bad''
	''What Am I Gonna Do?''
''High and Dry''
	''I Hate Goodbyes / Ride Me Down Easy''
''Bobby Bare Sings Lullabys, Legends and Lies''
1974	''Singin' in the Kitchen'' (Bobby Bare and Family)
	''Hard Time Hungrys''
''Cowboys and Daddys''
1976	''The Winner and Other Losers''
1977	''Me and McDill''
	''Bare''
''Sleep Wherever I Fall''
	''Down & Dirty''
''Drunk & Crazy''
1981	''As Is''
1982	''Ain't Got Nothin' to Lose''
1983	''Drinkin' from the Bottle''
1998	''Old Dogs'' (with Waylon Jennings, Jerry Reed, & Mel Tillis)
2005	''The Moon Was Blue''

Singles[link]

Year	Single	Chart Positions					Album
		! width="45"	! width="45"	! width="45"	CAN Country	CAN
1959	"The All-American Boy" (as Bill Parsons)
1961	"Book of Love"
	"Shame on Me"
"I Don't Believe I'll Fall in Love Today"
	"Detroit City"
"500 Miles Away from Home"						''500 Miles Away From Home''
	"Miller's Cave"						''The Best of Bobby Bare''
"Have I Stayed Away Too Long"
"He Was a Friend of Mine"
"Four Strong Winds"						''The Best of Bobby Bare''
	"A Dear John Letter" (with Skeeter Davis)						''Tunes for Two''
"Times Are Gettin' Hard"
"It's All Right"
"Talk Me Some Sense"						''Talk Me Some Sense''
	"In the Same Old Way"						single only
"Streets of Baltimore"						''Streets of Baltimore''
"Homesick"
	"Charlestown Railroad Tavern"
"Come Kiss Me Love"
"The Piney Wood Hills"
	"Find Out What's Happening"						''English Country Side''
"Little Bit Later on Down the Line"						''Talk Me Some Sense''
"Town That Broke My Heart"						single only
	"(Margie's At) The Lincoln Park Inn"						''Margie's at the Lincoln Park Inn''
"Which One Will It Be"						single only
						''This Is Bobby Bare''
	"Your Husband, My Wife" (with Skeeter Davis)						''Your Husband, My Wife''
"How I Got to Memphis"
"Come Sundown"
	"Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends"						''Where Have All the Seasons Gone''
"Short and Sweet"						''I Need Some Good News Bad''
	"What Am I Gonna Do"
"Sylvia's Mother"
	"I Hate Goodbyes"
"Ride Me Down Easy"
"You Know Who"
	"Daddy, What If"A (with Bobby Bare, Jr.)
"Where'd I Come From" (with Bobby Bare, Jr. and "Mama")
	"Singin' in the Kitchen" (with His Family)
"Back in Huntsville Again"
"Alimony"
"Cowboys and Daddys"						''Cowboys and Daddys''
	"The Winner"
"Put a Little Lovin' on Me"
"Drop Kick Me Jesus"
	"Vegas" (with Jeannie Bare)						''The Essential Bobby Bare''
"Look Who I'm Cheatin' on Tonight"						''Me and McDill''
"Red-Neck Hippie Romance"						Single only
	"Too Many Nights Alone"
"Sleep Tight Good Night Man"
	"Healin'"						''Sleep Wherever I Fall''
"'Til I Gain Control Again"						Single only
"No Memories Hangin' Round" (with Rosanne Cash)						''Bobby Bare: The Columbia Years''
	"Numbers"
"Tequila Sheila"
"Food Blues"
"Willie Jones" (with Charlie Daniels)
	"Learning to Live Again"
"Take Me as I Am (Or Let Me Go)"
"Dropping Out of Sight"
	"New Cut Road"
"If You Ain't Got Nothin' (You Got Nothin' to Lose)"
"(I'm Not) A Candle in the Wind"
"Praise the Lord and Send Me the Money"
	"It's a Dirty Job" (with Lacy J. Dalton)						''Bobby Bare: The Columbia Years''
"The Jogger"
"Diet Song"
	"When I Get Home"
"Reno and Me"
1986	"Wait Until Tomorrow"
2005	"Are You Sincere"						''The Moon Was Blue''
2012	"Things Change" (with Petter Øien)						''Melodi Grand Prix - Norge 2012''

^A"Daddy, What If" also peaked at #19 on the ''RPM'' Adult Contemporary Tracks chart in Canada.

Guest singles[link]

! Year	! Single	! Artist	! US Country
1967	"Chet's Tune"	Some of Chet's Friends

Music videos[link]

! Year	! Video	! Director
2005	"Are You Sincere"	Roger Pistole

References[link]

Vinicur, Dale. (1998). "Bobby Bare". In ''The Encyclopedia of Country Music''. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 28–29.

External links[link]

CMT.com profile

Category:1935 births Category:Living people Category:People from Ironton, Ohio Category:American country singers Category:American male singers Category:Musicians from Ohio Category:Grand Ole Opry members Category:Grammy Award winners Category:RCA Records Nashville artists Category:American country singer-songwriters

cs:Bobby Bare de:Bobby Bare fr:Bobby Bare no:Bobby Bare nn:Bobby Bare fi:Bobby Bare sv:Bobby Bare zh:巴比·貝爾