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Benjamin West
Benjamin West, RA (October 10, 1738 – March 11, 1820) was an Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence. He was the second president of the Royal Academy in London, serving from 1792 to 1805 and 1806 to 1820.
http://wn.com/Benjamin_West -
Carolus Linnaeus
http://wn.com/Carolus_Linnaeus -
George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)
http://wn.com/George_Washington -
Oliver Rackham
Professor Oliver Rackham OBE is a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He is also Keeper of the
http://wn.com/Oliver_Rackham -
Reform Act 1832
The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament (2 & 3 Will. IV)
http://wn.com/Reform_Act_1832 -
Späth nursery
The Späth (often spelt Spaeth) family created one of the world's most notable plant nurseries of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The nursery had been founded in 1720 by Christoph Späth but removed to the erstwhile district of Baumschulenweg (now part of the Treptow-Köpenick district) in south-east Berlin in 1863, when Franz Ludwig Späth (1839 - 1913), better known outside Germany as Louis Späth, became manager. By the end of the 19th century, the nursery was the largest in the world, occupying 120 hectares. In 1874 Louis built a mansion on the site, now part of Humboldt University and, five years later, established an arboretum.
http://wn.com/Späth_nursery -
William Penn
William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. State of Pennsylvania. He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed.
http://wn.com/William_Penn -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I
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Alberta
Alberta is the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. It covers nearly the same land area as the state of Texas, and had a population of 3.7 million in 2009. It became a province on September 1, 1905, on the same day as Saskatchewan.
http://wn.com/Alberta -
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam -
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin -
Braintree, Essex
Braintree is a town of about 42,000 people and the principal settlement of the Braintree district of Essex in the East of England. It is northeast of Chelmsford and west of Colchester on the River Blackwater, A120 road and a branch of the Great Eastern Main Line.
http://wn.com/Braintree_Essex -
Brighton
Brighton () is the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove (formed from the previous towns of Brighton, Hove, Portslade and several other villages) in East Sussex on the south coast of Great Britain. For administrative purposes, Brighton and Hove is not part of the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex, but remains part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex.
http://wn.com/Brighton -
British Columbia
British Columbia (B.C.) (, C.-B.) is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without Diminishment"). Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858. In 1871, it became the sixth province of Canada.
http://wn.com/British_Columbia -
Brown University
Brown University is a private Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III (1760–1820), Brown is the third-oldest institution of higher education in New England and seventh oldest in the United States.
http://wn.com/Brown_University -
Calgary
Calgary () is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, approximately east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. The city is located in the Grassland region of Alberta.
http://wn.com/Calgary -
Carlton, Victoria
Carlton is an inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 2 km north from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Melbourne. At the 2006 Census, Carlton had a population of 12,050.
http://wn.com/Carlton_Victoria -
Edmonton
Edmonton () is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta. The city is located on the North Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farmland on the prairies. It is the second largest city in Alberta after Calgary, and is the hub of Canada's sixth-largest census metropolitan area.
http://wn.com/Edmonton -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
http://wn.com/Great_Britain -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
http://wn.com/Italy -
Landes forest
The Landes forest (La forêt des Landes in French) or the Landes of Gascony (las Lanas de Gasconha in the Gascon language), in the historic Gascony region of southwestern France now known as Aquitaine, is the largest maritime-pine forest in Europe. The French word, landes and Gascon lanas, mean 'moors' or 'heaths'.
http://wn.com/Landes_forest -
Lewes
Lewes () is the county town of East Sussex, England, a civil parish and is the centre of the Lewes local government district. The settlement has a history as a bridging point and as a market town, and today as a communications hub and tourist-orientated town. At the 2001 census it had a population of 15,988.
http://wn.com/Lewes -
Liberty Tree
The Liberty Tree (1646–1775) was a famous elm tree that stood in Boston, near Boston Common, in the days before the American Revolution. The tree was a rallying point for the growing resistance to the rule of Britain over the American colonies. In the years that followed, almost every American town had its own Liberty Tree—a living symbol of popular support for individual liberty and resistance to tyranny. In some locales, a Liberty Pole rather than a tree served the same political purpose.
http://wn.com/Liberty_Tree -
London Bridge
London Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames, connecting the City of London and Southwark, in central London. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London. On the south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and London Bridge station; on the north side are the Monument to the Great Fire of London and Monument tube station.
http://wn.com/London_Bridge -
Melbourne
Melbourne (, locally also ) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre (also known as the "Central Business District" or "CBD") is the hub of the greater geographical area (or "metropolitan area") and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of 4.00 million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians.
http://wn.com/Melbourne -
Mergozzo
Mergozzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 120 km northeast of Turin and about 9 km northwest of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,097 and an area of 27.4 km².
http://wn.com/Mergozzo -
Morton Arboretum
The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, covers 1,700 acres (6.9 Square kilometres) and is made up of gardens of various plant types and collections of trees from specific taxonomical and geographical areas. It includes native woodlands and a restored Illinois prairie. The Arboretum has over 4,100 different species of trees, shrubs and other woody plants from around the globe. In all, there are over 186,000 catalogued plants. The Arboretum has of hiking trails and nine miles (14 km) of roadways for driving/bicycling.
http://wn.com/Morton_Arboretum -
Moselle
Moselle is a department in the east of France named after the river Moselle.
http://wn.com/Moselle -
Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of equator—the word hemisphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator. Earth's northern hemisphere contains most of its land area and most of its human population (about 90%).
http://wn.com/Northern_Hemisphere -
Norway
Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.8 million. It is one of the most sparsely populated countries in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; and Denmark lies south of its southern tip across the Skagerrak Strait. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
http://wn.com/Norway -
Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( or ; abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire. The county town is traditionally Nottingham, though the council is now based in West Bridgford, a suburb of Greater Nottingham (at a site facing Nottingham City over the River Trent).
http://wn.com/Nottinghamshire -
Ontario
Ontario is a Province of Canada located in the east-central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area, (Nunavut and the Northwest Territories are larger in area, but they are not provinces.) The province's largest metropolitan area and Canada's most populous city, Toronto, is the capital city of Ontario. The national capital of Canada, Ottawa, is located in Ontario as well.
http://wn.com/Ontario -
Ostra (AN)
http://wn.com/Ostra_(AN) -
Oxford
Oxford () is a city, and the county town of Oxfordshire, in South East England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 151,000 living within the district boundary. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre. For a distance of some along the river, in the vicinity of Oxford, the Thames is known as The Isis.
http://wn.com/Oxford -
Penn Treaty Park
Penn Treaty Park is a small park on the western bank of the Delaware river, in the Fishtown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is located at the intersection of Delaware (Columbus) Avenue and Beach Street, just off Delaware Avenue.
http://wn.com/Penn_Treaty_Park -
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania () is a U.S. state and Commonwealth located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to the east. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg.
http://wn.com/Pennsylvania -
Philadelphia
Philadelphia () is the largest city in Pennsylvania, sixth-most-populous city in the United States and the fifty-first most populous city in the world.
http://wn.com/Philadelphia -
Provo, Utah
Provo () is the third largest city in the state of Utah, located about south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front. Provo is the county seat of Utah County and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population of 118,581, Provo is also the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which has an estimated population of 555,551 residents. It is the second largest metro area in the state behind Salt Lake City.
http://wn.com/Provo_Utah -
Quebec
Quebec or ( ) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
http://wn.com/Quebec -
Sherwood Forest
Sherwood Forest is a Royal Forest in Nottinghamshire, England, that is famous through its historical association with the legend of Robin Hood. Continuously forested since the end of the Ice Age, Sherwood is today reduced to a 423 hectare (1.63 square-mile) remnant surrounding the village of Edwinstowe, the site of Thoresby Hall. The wooded forest of today is a remnant of a much larger royal hunting forest, named as the "shire wood" of Nottinghamshire, which in fact extended into several neighbouring counties (shires), bordered on the west along the River Erewash and the Forest of East Derbyshire.
http://wn.com/Sherwood_Forest -
Somerset
Somerset ( or ) is a county in South West England. The county town of Somerset is Taunton, which is in the south of the county. The ceremonial county of Somerset borders the counties of Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the coast of the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. The traditional northern border of the county is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards, with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor Unitary Authorities in the north.
http://wn.com/Somerset -
Southern Hemisphere
The Southern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is south of the equator—the word hemisphere (from the Greek word σφαιρα (sphere)
http://wn.com/Southern_Hemisphere -
St Kilda Road
http://wn.com/St_Kilda_Road -
The Hague
The Hague (with capital T; Dutch: ', officially also ') is the third largest city in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam, with a population of 485,818 (as of May 31, 2009) (population of agglomeration: 1,011,459) and an area of approximately 100 km². It is located in the west of the country, in the province of South Holland, of which it is also the provincial capital. The Hague is, like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and Almere, part of the Randstad metropolitan area, with 6,659,300 inhabitants.
http://wn.com/The_Hague -
UK
http://wn.com/UK -
Utah
Utah ( or ) is a western state of the United States. It was the 45th state admitted to the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,784,572 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the sixth most urbanized in the U.S. The name "Utah" is derived from the name of the Ute tribe and means "people of the mountains" in the Ute language. Utah is bordered by Arizona on the south, Colorado on the east, Wyoming on the northeast, Idaho on the north and Nevada on the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico.
http://wn.com/Utah -
Yale
http://wn.com/Yale -
Yarmouth, Maine
Yarmouth is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States, located approximately ten to fifteen miles north of Portland. Its population was 8,360 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Yarmouth_Maine
Elm related sites on:
- Aenetus
- Alberta
- alnulin
- American Elm
- Amsterdam
- apetalous
- Asia
- Association Island
- Australasia
- Australia
- Avenue (landscape)
- beetle
- belle époque
- Benjamin West
- Berlin
- Bettange
- Biscarrosse
- Boston Common
- bowyer
- Braintree, Essex
- Brighton
- British Columbia
- Brown University
- butterflies
- Calgary
- Camperdown Elm
- Cannabaceae
- Carlton, Victoria
- Carolus Linnaeus
- Celtis
- chlorophyll
- climate
- coffin
- Continental Army
- cultivar
- cultivars
- deciduous
- dicotyledon
- Dutch elm disease
- East Coker
- Edmonton
- Elm (disambiguation)
- Elm bark
- Elms in Australia
- English Elm
- English longbow
- Equator
- Essex
- Europe
- European Union
- European White Elm
- field elm
- flowering plant
- fodder
- fossil fuel
- fungus
- General Electric
- Gentleman's Magazine
- George Washington
- Germany
- Great Britain
- Hepialidae
- Herbie (tree)
- hermaphroditic
- Himalaya
- Himalayan Elm
- Holmegaard bow
- Hybrid (biology)
- Indonesia
- Italy
- keel
- Landes forest
- larva
- leaf shape
- leaves
- Lepidoptera
- Lewes
- Liberty Tree
- livestock
- London Bridge
- Maine State Route 88
- Marche
- maritime climate
- Melbourne
- Mergozzo
- Metaxades
- Middle Ages
- Miocene
- Morton Arboretum
- Moselle
- moth
- National Elm Trial
- NCCPG
- New England
- North America
- Northern Hemisphere
- Norway
- Nottinghamshire
- Oliver Rackham
- Ontario
- Ophiostoma novo-ulmi
- Ophiostoma ulmi
- Ostra (AN)
- Oxford
- Penn Treaty Park
- Pennsylvania
- perfect flower
- pH
- Philadelphia
- Philipsburg
- Piedmont
- Planera aquatica
- Plant
- Provo, Utah
- pruning
- Quebec
- Reform Act 1832
- Richard Steele
- Rosales
- samara (fruit)
- Scandinavia
- Scolytinae
- semi-deciduous
- Senigallia
- Sherwood Forest
- Somerset
- Southern Hemisphere
- species
- Späth nursery
- St Kilda Road
- Taxus baccata
- The Hague
- The Harvard Crimson
- Theory of species
- Theta Chi Fraternity
- Thrace
- Treaty Elm
- tree
- triterpene
- tylose
- UK
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus 'Nanguen'
- Ulmus 'Valley Forge'
- Ulmus americana
- Ulmus glabra
- Ulmus laevis
- Ulmus minor
- Ulmus procera
- Ulmus x hollandica
- Utah
- wagon wheel
- western Canada
- William Penn
- Windsor chair
- wood
- World War I
- World War II
- Wych Elm
- xylem
- Yale
- Yarmouth, Maine
- Zelkova
Nightmare On Elm Street 4: the Dream Master, A (1988)
"Nightmare On Elm Street 4: the Dream Master, A (1988)" Actors
- Tuesday Knight
- Ken Sagoes
- Rodney Eastman
- Lisa Wilcox
- Andras Jones
- Danny Hassel
- Brooke Theiss
- Toy Newkirk
- Robert Englund
- Nicholas Mele
- Brooke Bundy
- Jacquelyn Masche
- Hope Marie Carlton
- Richard Garrison
- John Beckman
"Nightmare On Elm Street 4: the Dream Master, A (1988)" Director
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Nemcatacoa
- In the Shadow of Red Rock
- Silver Dust in Moonlight
- Arc of Wisdom
- Sacrament at Dusk
- Breath of Midnight Still
- Covered in Blankets and Moss
- Three Rings Drawn in Sand
- Deep Mirage
- Dawn Unveils the Golden Thread
- Offerings
- Arboreal Lace
- Blackened Horizon
- Trails Lined With Turquoise & Silk
- Guaquy
- Warm and Still the Ground Keeps Our Frozen Hands
- The Desert Speaks at Sundown
- Lift Our Eyes to the Swelling Tides
- The Big Bang Movement
- The Evolution Movement
- The History Movement
- The Present Movement
- The Apocalypse Movement
- The Unknown Movement
- The Recovery Movement
- The Exiting Movement
- Mother Earth
- Don't You See?
- Like a Western Movie Star
- Mr. Velvet Ears
- She Aches for Washington
- Wows
- Unwind Your Heart
- Not Your Problem
- I Want a Hug
- Here in My Heart
- Make You Happy
- Pour Your Guts Down a Cliff
- Golden Arrow
- The Hook in Your Mouth
- Dive In
- Brother
- Christmas Death
- My Own World
- I'm Gonna See the World
- Lullaby to Blaine
- Messin' Off the Sickness
- #12
- Where Are You
- There's Still Time
- Like an Animal
- Stop Living to Die
- Harmony of the Spheres
- To Everyone, From the Old Man
- Light, Weight, Sight, Fright
- The Best Gift
- A Different Kind of Matter
- Get More Than Your Head in the Clouds
- The Humming Hush of Summer
- Love Looks in the Same Direction
- Underwater Skies
- I Tried, but I Can't
- I Don't Want to Grow Up
- The Top Hat (Courtesy of Jostein Gaarder)
- Ask Why
- Time to Go!
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Cowboy Bebop OST 2 No Disc - Elm
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 25 Aug 2008
- Updated: 03 Apr 2012
Web: radiomanga.net http Elm Anime:Cowboy Bebop OST: Cowboy Bebop OST 2 No Disc (1998) [audio] Cowboy Bebop (カウボーイビバップ, Kaubōi Bibappu) is a Japanese animated television series. Directed by Shinichiro Watanabe and written by Keiko Nobumoto, Cowboy Bebop was produced by Sunrise. Consisting of 26 episodes, the series follows the adventures of a group of bounty hunters traveling on their spaceship, the Bebop, in the year 2071. Cowboy Bebop was a commercial success both in Japan and international markets, notably in the United States. After this reception, Sony Pictures released a feature film, Knockin' on Heaven's Door to theaters worldwide and followed up with an international DVD release. Two manga adaptations were serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Asuka Fantasy DX. Cowboy Bebop has been strongly influenced by American music, especially the jazz movements of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s and the early rock era of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Many of its action sequences, from space battles to hand-to-hand martial arts combat, are set and timed to music. Following the musical theme, episodes are called Sessions, and titles are often borrowed from album or song names (such as Sympathy for the Devil or My Funny Valentine), or make use of a genre name ("Mushroom Samba") indicating a given episode's musical theme. Source: wikipedia.org
http://wn.com/Cowboy_Bebop_OST_2_No_Disc__Elm
Rasmus Elm - AZ Alkmaar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Published: 12 Jul 2009
- Updated: 28 Mar 2012
Rasmus Elm, 21 just moved to AZ Alkmaar. His brother Viktor Elm, 23 plays for Heerenveen together with Rasmus in the Eredivisie and their older brother David Elm, 26 plays for Fulham in Premier League. Both Viktor and Rasmus plays regularly for the Swedish national team The song is Do Ya by Dover.
http://wn.com/Rasmus_Elm__AZ_Alkmaar
Sony Ericsson Elm unboxing video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Published: 01 May 2010
- Updated: 26 Mar 2012
www.tracyandmatt.co.uk James unboxes the new Sony Ericsson Elm
http://wn.com/Sony_Ericsson_Elm_unboxing_video
Sony Ericsson Elm™
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Published: 04 Mar 2010
- Updated: 26 Feb 2012
www.sonyericsson.com Play your part. Show you care. The Sony Ericsson Elm™ is a GreenHeart™ phone, made of recycled plastics and free from hazardous chemicals.
http://wn.com/Sony_Ericsson_Elm™
Hammock - Elm
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Published: 28 Aug 2008
- Updated: 02 Apr 2012
Alexander Zabara's Slideshow Music:"Elm", Hammock www.zabara.org - Zabara Alexander If you want to buy or use photos used in this slideshow please contact me - info@zabara.org You can see other my photos on my website - www.zabara.org
http://wn.com/Hammock__Elm
A Nightmare on Elm St (2010)- Official Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Published: 16 Oct 2009
- Updated: 03 Apr 2012
An updated version of the classic horror film. Courtesy of New Line Cinema
http://wn.com/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_St_2010_Official_Trailer
NIGHTMARE ON ELM ST Nes Review - By the Angry Nintendo Nerd - Cinemassacre.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:27
- Published: 07 Nov 2006
- Updated: 03 Apr 2012
Watch in higher quality cinemassacre.com
http://wn.com/NIGHTMARE_ON_ELM_ST_Nes_Review__By_the_Angry_Nintendo_Nerd__Cinemassacrecom
Nightmare on Elm Street theme
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Published: 24 Jan 2008
- Updated: 01 Apr 2012
The original theme of Freddy Krueger. Part 2 of 3 in my "Slasher theme" project. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_theme
A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) - Theme Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 02 Jan 2010
- Updated: 01 Apr 2012
Charles Bernstein. Song - Teme Song (Prologue) [A Nightmare on Elm Street]
http://wn.com/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_1984__Theme_Song
Rasmus Elm - AZ Alkmaar | 2011 |
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Published: 10 Nov 2011
- Updated: 25 Mar 2012
some goals and skills from swedish midfielder of AZ He has good passing, tackling, vision and freekick I do not own any rights to original videos and the song. No copyrights infringement intended.
http://wn.com/Rasmus_Elm__AZ_Alkmaar_|_2011_|
'A Nightmare on Elm Steet' Trailer 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Published: 02 Mar 2010
- Updated: 03 Apr 2012
For more info on 'A Nightmare on Elm Steet' visit: www.hollywood.com
http://wn.com/'A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Steet'_Trailer_2
![[1/2] Sony Ericsson Elm - wszystko mający telefon.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120429212420im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/lY2G_HkzPW4/0.jpg "[1/2] Sony Ericsson Elm - wszystko mający telefon.")
[1/2] Sony Ericsson Elm - wszystko mający telefon.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:08
- Published: 27 Dec 2010
- Updated: 02 Apr 2012
Zapraszam na blog www.teleklony.pl. Sony Ericsson jest przedstawicielem telefonów klasycznych ale wyposażonych w większość oczekiwanych funkcji do których zaliczam UMTS, WLAN, GPS, Aparat z AF, szkoda iż brakuje mu gniazda Jack 3,5mm.
http://wn.com/ 1/2 _Sony_Ericsson_Elm__wszystko_mający_telefon
Elm - The Seatbelts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Published: 19 Mar 2010
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
Cowboy Bebop OST
http://wn.com/Elm__The_Seatbelts
Freddy Krueger's Burn MakeUp, Nightmare on Elm Street : ...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Published: 13 Apr 2010
- Updated: 02 Apr 2012
BFX isn't done with "A Nightmare on Elm Street". Erik already showed you how to build a Freddy glove, now he shows you how to create his burn make-up. Complete the Freddy look by watching both episodes! Indy Mogul's Backyard FX features cheap, DIY filmmaking tips and tutorials including special effects, props, and camera equipment. Website: www.indymogul.com Submit www.indymogul.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Freddy_Krueger's_Burn_MakeUp,_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street__
Freddy Krueger's Killer Claw, Nightmare on Elm Street ...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:10
- Published: 12 Apr 2010
- Updated: 03 Apr 2012
"A Nightmare on Elm Street" is back and BFX is celebrating by recreating Freddy Krueger's glove for CHEAP! Then in a special second build episode tomorrow Erik will show you how to create Freddy's burn make-up! Indy Mogul's Backyard FX features cheap, DIY filmmaking tips and tutorials including special effects, props, and camera equipment. Website: www.indymogul.com Submit www.indymogul.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Freddy_Krueger's_Killer_Claw,_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_
Sony Ericsson Elm Demo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:43
- Published: 06 Sep 2010
- Updated: 14 Mar 2012
Sony Ericsson Elm Demo
http://wn.com/Sony_Ericsson_Elm_Demo
Nightmare On Elm Street Halloween Horror Nights 2010 Universal Studios Hollywood
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:42
- Published: 22 Sep 2011
- Updated: 02 Apr 2012
Recorded at HHN 2010, see our other 2010 Nightmare on Elm video here: www.youtube.com Return to the town of Springwood, the scene of Freddy's horrific crimes, and take a journey through a living nightmare as Freddy Krueger waits for you in the darkness. The trip will take you through the traumatized town of Springwood, including the abandoned ruins of the Badham Pre-School, the haunted hallways of Springwood High and, ultimately, a showdown with Freddy himself in his infamous Boiler Room. 2011 HHN Videos: www.youtube.com 2010 HHN Videos: www.youtube.com 2009 HHN Videos: www.youtube.com Follow us on Twitter: Twitter.com Like us on Facebook: Facebook.com See more videos on our Channel: YouTube.com
http://wn.com/Nightmare_On_Elm_Street_Halloween_Horror_Nights_2010_Universal_Studios_Hollywood
Dokken - Dream Warriors - A Nightmare On Elm Street 3 Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Published: 01 Sep 2008
- Updated: 31 Mar 2012
From the article at: www.i-mockery.com Here's Dokken's classic "Dream Warriors" music video that we all saw on MTV back when A Nightmare On Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors was just coming out.
http://wn.com/Dokken__Dream_Warriors__A_Nightmare_On_Elm_Street_3_Video
Sant Elm 2009 in HD, Mallorca
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Published: 17 Jun 2009
- Updated: 03 Apr 2012
Sant Elm - San Telmo HD Video shot on RED ONE in June 2009, new Mallorca Series 2009/10
http://wn.com/Sant_Elm_2009_in_HD,_Mallorca
Intel 510 Series 120GB Elm Crest SSD Unboxing & First Look Linus Tech Tips
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Published: 01 Mar 2011
- Updated: 20 Mar 2012
www.ncix.com This is the first SATA3 6.0Gb/s drive from Intel. It is also one of the only SATA3 6Gbps products on the market that REQUIRES that interface for maximum performance.
http://wn.com/Intel_510_Series_120GB_Elm_Crest_SSD_Unboxing_First_Look_Linus_Tech_Tips
Diners, Drive-ins, and Dives: Liberty Elm Diner
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:17
- Published: 26 Feb 2010
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
777 Elmwood Avenue Providence, RI 02907 libertyelmdiner.com Tune in: Mondays at 10pm and 10:30pm, Fridays at 9pm and 9:30pm and Sundays at 3pm and 3:30pm (All Times Eastern)
http://wn.com/Diners,_Drive-ins,_and_Dives_Liberty_Elm_Diner
A Nightmare On Elm Street
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Published: 29 Apr 2010
- Updated: 31 Oct 2011
Richard Roeper reviews the remake of A Nightmare On Elm Street. For more news and reviews, visit www.richardroeper.com .
http://wn.com/A_Nightmare_On_Elm_Street
Creative Commons / Andreas Praefcke
Creative Commons / SB_Johnny
Creative Commons / BrokenSphere
Creative Commons / Wholtone
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 3rd Class David Weydert.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 3rd Class David Weydert.
Creative Commons / Garry R. Osgood
Creative Commons / Melbanian
Creative Commons / Melbanian
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Connor Coyne
US Coastguard / U.S. Coast Guard photo courtesy of Coast Guard Cutter Elm.
Creative Commons / Daniel Penfield
Creative Commons / NellieBly
AP / Matt Sayles
Creative Commons
US Coastguard / BROWN, TELFAIR H. PA1
US Coastguard / BROWN, TELFAIR H. PA1
US Coastguard / BROWN, TELFAIR H. PA1
US Coastguard / BROWN, TELFAIR H. PA1
US Coastguard / BROWN, TELFAIR H. PA1
US Coastguard / BROWN, TELFAIR H. PA1
US Coastguard / BROWN, TELFAIR H. PA1
US Coastguard / PA3 Kimberly Wilder
US Coastguard / John Edwards, USCG
US Coastguard / John Edwards, USCG
US Coastguard / PA1 Tom Sperduto/U.S. Coast Guard
US Coastguard / PA1 Tom Sperduto/U.S. Coast Guard
US Coastguard / PA1 Tom Sperduto
US Coastguard / PA1 Tom Sperduto
photo: WN / Aruna Mirasdar
27 Apr 2012
Nothing against Secretary's Day or National Dog Biscuit Appreciation Day, but the last Friday of every April, Arbor Day? A day devoted to planting and caring for trees? This is a day that deserves...
photo: DOD / Public Domain
27 Apr 2012
The UK's military role in Afghanistan since 2001 has brought with it a heavy human toll. Members of the Army, RAF, Royal Marines and special forces have lost their lives in the fight against the...
photo: WN / Aruna Mirasdar
16 Apr 2012
The culprit is elm yellows, a disease that threatens the health of over 200 majestic American elms on the Penn State campus. Elm yellows is just one of many tree diseases that contribute to the...
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Liverpool tracking AZ midfielder Elm - report
29 Apr 2012
Goal
Anfield boss Kenny Dalglish...(size: 0.2Kb)
The Business Review
Dallas Business Journal by Candace Carlisle, Staff Writer Date: Friday, April 27, 2012, 5:00am CDT - Last Modified: Wednesday, April 25, 2012, 3:55pm CDT Related: ,...(size: 12.0Kb)
The Elms Development files for bankruptcy
25 Apr 2012
Business Journal
Eric Convey Managing Editor - Boston Business Journal Email | Google A South Shore development company formed in 2002 to provide housing for residents 55 and older filed Wednesday under Chapter 7 of the federal bankruptcy code, a step that usually...(size: 1.6Kb)
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Brookfield and Elm Grove have spent millions of dollars to fix the sewer and storm drainage systems in their respective communities, and now, in some cases, homeowners may become more directly involved. Despite the public money already invested, private laterals that connect homes to the improved...(size: 62.3Kb)
The Daily Mail
Liverpool have targeted Sweden international Rasmus Elm as Kenny Dalglish looks to rebuild his side. The Anfield club have struggled in the Premier League this season, saving their best form for the cup competitions. And AZ Alkmaar's Elm has shot to the top of their wanted list. Wanted: Rasmus Elm...(size: 4.1Kb)
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
A fire that destroyed an Elm Grove home early Monday probably started in the kitchen, authorities said Tuesday. The single-family house in the 15100 block of Westover Road was not occupied at the time the blaze was reported around 3 a.m. It had been sold and was scheduled for a closing on the...(size: 59.3Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
Three Elms College seniors and one graduate student will work abroad next academic year. Chicopee, Massachusetts (PRWEB) April 24, 2012 Elms College has announced that four of its students have received international post-graduation work opportunities. While abroad, three graduates will teach...(size: 3.7Kb)
Fire destroys Elm Grove home Monday morning
23 Apr 2012
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
ELM GROVE - Firefighters from 10 fire departments spent early Monday morning battling a fire that destroyed a home in Elm Grove. The fire happened just before 3:00 a.m. on the 15100 block of Westover Road. By of the Journal Sentinel...(size: 24.6Kb)
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous
trees comprising the genus ''Ulmus'', family Ulmaceae. Elms first appeared in the Miocene period about 40 million years ago. Originating in what is now central Asia, the tree flourished and established itself over most of the Northern Hemisphere, traversing the Equator in Indonesia. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were planted as ornamentals in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia.
The Preston Twins in Preston Park, Brighton, England, are the two oldest English elms (''Ulmus procera'') in the world. Both trees are over 400 years old and exceed 6 metres in girth. They have been regularly pollarded for many years and both trunks are hollow. The smaller, nearer the A23 London Road, can be entered from the east side; two people can stand comfortably inside it. The trees may be associated with the Medieval Manorial Scrolls kept in the County Records Office in Lewes.
The Great Saling Elm. With a girth of 22 feet 6 inches and a height of 40 metres, the elm on Great Saling Green, Great Saling, near Braintree, Essex, identified by R. H. Richens (1983) as an ''Ulmus x hollandica'' hybrid, was reputed to be the largest elm in England, before succumbing to Dutch Elm Disease in the 1980s. A photograph of the tree can be found (plate 402) in Elwes & Henry's ''Trees of Great Britain & Ireland'', published in 1913, wherein it is identified as ''U. nitens'' (''U. minor'' subsp. ''minor'').
The Oudemanhuispoort Elm. 34.6 m tall and 4.4 m in girth, this ''Ulmus × hollandica'' 'Belgica' in Oudemanhuispoort, Amsterdam, planted in 1895, is the largest elm in the Netherlands.
"Joe Pullen's Tree", a wych elm (''Ulmus glabra'') in Oxford, was planted in about 1700 by the Rev. Josiah Pullen, vice president of Magdalen Hall. Josiah Pullen "used to Walk to that place every day, sometimes twice a day", according to diarist Thomas Hearne. The famous essayist Richard Steele (1672–1729) said his regular walks as an undergraduate to the elm with Pullen helped him to reach a "florid old age". The elm became famous at Oxford and its fame grew with its age. In November 1795, ''Gentleman's Magazine'' reported that "Joe Pullen, the famous elm, upon Headington hills, had one of its large branches torn off and carried to a great distance." When new parliamentary district boundaries were drawn after the Reform Act 1832, the tree was named as a landmark helping to mark the boundary of the Parliamentary Borough of Oxford. In early 1847, the owner of the property arranged to have the tree torn down, and work started on it before protests put an end to the plan. By 1892, however, rot had set in, and the tree was torn down to its (large and tall) "stump". Early in the morning of October 13, 1909, vandals set fire to the stump. A plaque was soon after installed on the side wall of Davenport House in Cuckoo Lane, marking the spot. It reads: Near this spot stood the famous elm planted by the Rev. Josiah Pullen about 1680 and known as Jo Pullen's Tree. Destroyed by fire on 13 October 1909.
The Langton Elm in Sherwood Forest, Nottinghamshire, was a large tree that "was for a long time so remarkable as to have a special keeper", according to a book published in 1881.
The Sauble Elm. With a girth of 24 feet 9 inches and a height of over 40 meters, the Sauble Elm, a white elm (''Ulmus americana'') which once grew beside the banks of the Sauble River between the towns of Hepworth and Sauble Beach in the county of Bruce in the province of Ontario, was one of the largest "wild" elms in North America. The tree succumbed to Dutch Elm Disease and was felled in 1968. A ring count established that it had begun life in the year 1701.
The Philipsburg Elm, Philipsburg, Quebec, was a 280 year-old 30 meter ''Ulmus americana'', dubbed "the king of elms". It was cut down in March 2009 after death from Dutch Elm Disease.
"Herbie" in Yarmouth, Maine, stood by present-day East Main Street (Route 88) from 1793-2010. At in height, it was believed to be, between 1997 and the date of its felling, the oldest and tallest ''Ulmus americana'' in New England. The tree, which partially stood in the front yard of a private residence, also had a circumference and (until mid-2008) a crown spread. As of 2003, only twenty of Yarmouth's original 739 elms had survived Dutch elm disease. In August 2009 it was revealed that, after battling fifteen bouts of Dutch elm disease, the tree had lost, and on January 19, 2010 it was cut down.
The Great Elm on Boston Common, supposed to have been in existence before the settlement of Boston, at the time of its destruction by the storm of the 15th of February 1876 measured . in circumference.
The Treaty Elm, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In what is now Penn Treaty Park, the founder of Pennsylvania, William Penn, is said to have entered into a treaty of peace with native Indians under a picturesque elm tree immortalized in a painting by Benjamin West. West made the tree, already a local landmark, famous by incorporating it into his painting after hearing legends (of unknown veracity) about the tree being the location of the treaty. No documentary evidence exists of any treaty Penn signed beneath a particular tree. On March 6, 1810 a great storm blew the tree down. Measurements taken at the time showed it to have a circumference of , and its age was estimated to be 280 years. Wood from the tree was made into furniture, canes, walking sticks and various trinkets that Philadelphians kept as relics.
The Liberty Tree on Boston Common was a rallying point for the growing resistance to the rule of England over the American colonies.
The Washington Elm, Cambridge, Massachusetts. George Washington is said to have taken command of the American Continental Army under the Washington Elm in Cambridge on July 3, 1775. The tree survived until the 1920s and "was thought to be a survivor of the primeval forest". In 1872, a large branch fell from it and was used to construct a pulpit for a nearby church. The tree, an American White Elm, became a celebrated attraction, with its own plaque, a fence constructed around it and a road moved in order to help preserve it. The tree was cut down (or fell — sources differ) in October 1920 after an expert determined it was dead. The city of Cambridge had plans for it to be "carefully cut up and a piece sent to each state of the country and to the District of Columbia and Alaska," according to ''The Harvard Crimson''. As late as the early 1930s, garden shops advertised that they had cuttings of the tree for sale, although the accuracy of the claims has been doubted. A Harvard "professor of plant anatomy" examined the tree rings days after the tree was felled and pronounced it between 204 and 210 years old, making it at most 62 years old when Washington took command of the troops at Cambridge. The tree would have been a little more than two feet in diameter (at 30 inches above ground) in 1773. In 1896, an alumnus of the University of Washington, obtained a rooted cutting of the Cambridge tree and sent it to Professor Edmund Meany at the university. The cutting was planted, cuttings were then taken from it, including one planted on February 18, 1932, the 200th anniversary of the birth of George Washington, for whom Washington state is named. That tree remains on the campus of the Washington State Capitol. Just to the west of the tree is a small elm from a cutting made in 1979.
George Washington's Elm, Washington, D.C. George Washington supposedly had a favorite spot under an elm tree near the United States Capitol Building from which he would watch construction of the building. The elm stood near the Senate wing of the Capitol building until 1948.
"Elmo", Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, was a large elm that "once defined the Thayer Street entrance to Brown’s new Watson Institute for International Studies" on the campus of the Providence, Rhode Island school, contracted Dutch Elm disease and was torn down in December 2003, according to a campus news release. The tree "was thought to have been between 80 and 100 years old. Wood from the tree, one of the largest on campus, was used in various student art projects.
The Tabletop Elm in Provo, Utah. Next to the USU Utah County Extension Office resides possibly a one-of-a-kind elm tree. Officially it is a specimen of ''Ulmus americana'', but is unusual because it grows sideways, making it a "tabletop" elm tree. The tree was planted in 1927, and currently its several branches are supported by specialized braces to allow movement and growth. Every fall seven dump truck loads are required to remove all the leaves.
The Association Island Elm, New York State. The General Electric think tank organization, the Elfun Society, founded in 1928 at Association Island in the Thousand Islands area of northern New York state, is named after a famous elm tree on the isle. The tree died in the 1970s, but it survives in the elm tree logo still used by Elfun.
"The MooCoo Tree," University of Georgia, which stands in front of Theta Chi Fraternity, is one of the only Dutch Elm trees east of the Mississippi. Students are known to engage in the "MooCoo Challenge," which consists climbing into the Elm and consuming twelve beers before coming down.
New Haven, Connecticut had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees (including some large elms) that gave New Haven the nickname "The Elm City". This later gave rise to the Yale song, ''Neath the Elms''.
Wilkinson, Gerald: ''Epitaph for the Elm'' (Hutchinson, London, 1978; ISBN 0-09-921280-3 / 0-09-921280-3). A photographic and pictorial celebration and general introduction.
Clouston, Brian, & Stansfield, Kathy, eds.: ''After the Elm'' (Heinemann, London, 1979; ISBN 0-434-13900-9 / 0-434-13900-9). A general introduction, with a history of Dutch elm disease and proposals for re-landscaping in the aftermath of the pandemic. Illustrated.
Richens, R. H.: ''Elm'' (Cambridge University Press, 1983; ISBN 0-521-24916-3 / 0-521-24916-3). A scientific, historical and cultural study, with a thesis on elm-classification, followed by a systematic survey of elms in England, region by region. Illustrated.
Dunn, Christopher P., ed.: ''The Elms: Breeding, Conservation, and Disease-Management'' (New York, 2000; ISBN 0-7923-7724-9 / 0-7923-7724-9).
Coleman, Max, ed.: ''Wych Elm'' (Edinburgh, 2009; ISBN 978-1-906129-21-7). A study of the species, with particular reference to the wych elm in Scotland and its use by craftsmen.
List of Elm cultivars, hybrids and hybrid cultivars
List of Elm species and varieties by scientific name
List of Lepidoptera that feed on elms
. Northern Arizona University: Elm trials.
Tree Family Ulmaceae Diagnostic photos of Elm species at the Morton Arboretum
Late 19th and early 20th-century photos of Elm species in Elwes & Henry's ''Trees of Great Britain & Ireland'' (1913)
Elm leaves are alternate, with simple, single- or, most commonly, doubly serrate margins, usually asymmetric at the base and acuminate at the apex. The genus is hermaphroditic, having apetalous perfect flowers which are mostly wind-pollinated, although bees do visit them. The fruit is a round wind-dispersed samara flushed with chlorophyll, facilitating photosynthesis before the leaves emerge. All species are tolerant of a wide range of soils and pH levels but, with few exceptions, demand good drainage.
The other genera of the Ulmaceae are ''Zelkova'' (Zelkova) and ''Planera'' (Water Elm). ''Celtis'' (Hackberry or Nettle Tree), formerly included in the Ulmaceae, is now included in the family Cannabaceae.
Species, varieties and hybrids
Approximately 30 to 40 species of elm exist; the ambiguity in number results from difficulty in delineating species, owing to the ease of hybridization between them and the development of local seed-sterile vegetatively propagated microspecies in some areas, mainly in the field elm group. Rackham describes ''Ulmus'' as the most difficult critical genus in the entire British flora, adding that 'species and varieties are a distinction in the human mind rather than a measured degree of genetic variation'. Eight species are endemic to North America, and a smaller number to Europe; the greatest diversity is found in Asia.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, elm cultivars enjoyed much popularity as ornamentals in Europe by virtue of their rapid growth and variety of foliage and forms. This 'belle époque' lasted until the First World War, when the consequences of hostilities, notably in Germany whence at least 40 cultivars originated, and the outbreak of Dutch elm disease saw the elm slide into horticultural decline. The devastation caused by the Second World War, and the demise in 1944 of the huge Späth nursery in Berlin, only accelerated the process. The outbreak of the new, three times more virulent, strain of Dutch elm disease ''Ophiostoma novo-ulmi'' in the late 1960s brought the tree to its nadir.
Since circa 1990 however, the elm has enjoyed a renaissance through the successful development in North America and Europe of cultivars highly resistant to the new disease. Consequently, the total number of named cultivars, ancient and modern, now exceeds 300, although many of the older clones, possibly over 120, have been lost to cultivation. Unhappily, enthusiasm for the newer clones often remains low owing to the poor performance of earlier, supposedly disease-resistant Dutch trees released in the 1960s and 1970s. In the Netherlands, sales of elm cultivars slumped from over 56,000 in 1989 to just 6,800 in 2004, whilst in the UK, only four of the new American and European releases were commercially available in 2008.
In 1997, a European Union elm project was initiated, its aim to coordinate the conservation of all the elm genetic resources of the member states and, among other things, to assess their resistance to Dutch elm disease. Accordingly, over 300 clones were selected and propagated for testing.
The classification adopted for Elm species, varieties, cultivars and hybrids is largely based on that established by Brummitt. A large number of synonyms have accumulated over the last three centuries, their Accepted Names can be found on Elm Synonyms and Accepted Names.
Cultivation and uses
Carpentry
Elm wood was valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting, with significant uses in wagon wheel hubs, chair seats and coffins. The elm's wood bends well and distorts easily making it quite pliant. The often long, straight, trunks were favoured as a source of timber for keels in ship construction. Elm is also prized by bowyers; of the ancient bows found in Europe, a large portion of them are elm. During the Middle Ages elm was also used to make longbows if yew was unavailable.The density of the wood varies due to differences between species, but averages around 560 kg per cubic metre.
Engineering
The wood is also resistant to decay when permanently wet, and hollowed trunks were widely used as water pipes during the medieval period in Europe. Elm was also used as piers in the construction of the original London Bridge. However this resistance to decay in water does not extend to ground contact.
Livestock farming
Elms also have a long history of cultivation for fodder, with the leafy branches cut for livestock. The practice continues today in the Himalaya, where it contributes to serious deforestation.
Food
Elm bark, cut into strips and boiled, sustained much of the rural population of Norway during the great famine of 1812. The seeds are particularly nutritious, comprising 45% crude protein, and < 7% fibre by dry mass.
Landscape
From the 18th century to the early 20th century, elms were among the most widely planted ornamental trees in both Europe and North America. They were particularly popular as a street tree in avenue plantings in towns and cities, creating high-tunnelled effects. Their tolerance of air-pollution and the comparatively rapid decomposition of their leaf-litter in the fall were further advantages. In North America the species most commonly planted was the American Elm ''Ulmus americana'', which had unique properties that made it ideal for such use: rapid growth, adaptation to a broad range of climates and soils, strong wood, resistance to wind damage, and vase-like growth habit requiring minimal pruning. In Europe, the Wych Elm ''U. glabra'' and the Smooth-leaved Elm ''U. minor'' var. ''minor'' were the most widely planted in the countryside, with the former in northern areas (Scandinavia, northern Britain), and the latter further south. The hybrid between these two, Dutch Elm ''U. × hollandica'', occurs naturally and was also commonly planted. In much of England, it was the English Elm ''Ulmus procera'' which came to dominate the landscape. Most commonly planted in hedgerows, the English Elm sometimes occurred in densities of over 1000 per square kilometre. In Australia, large numbers of English Elms, as well as other species and cultivars, were planted as ornamentals following their introduction in the 19th century. In parks and gardens, from about 1850 to 1920 the most prized small ornamental elm was the Camperdown Elm, ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Camperdownii', a contorted weeping cultivar of the Wych Elm grafted on a standard elm trunk to give a wide, spreading and weeping fountain shape in large garden spaces.
Biomass
As fossil fuel resources diminish, increasing attention is being paid to trees as sources of energy. In Italy, the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante is (2010) in the process of releasing to commerce very fast growing elm cultivars, able to increase in height by > 2 m per annum.
Pests and diseases
Many species of Lepidopteran larvae (butterflies and moths) use elm as a food plant; see list of Lepidoptera that feed on elms. In Australia, introduced elm trees are sometimes used as foodplants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genus ''Aenetus''. These burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down.
Dutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) devastated elms throughout Europe and North America in the second half of the 20th century. It is caused by a micro-fungus transmitted by two species of ''Scolytus'' elm-bark beetle which act as vectors. The disease affects all species of elm native to North America and Europe, but many Asiatic species have evolved anti-fungal genes and are resistant. Fungal spores, introduced into wounds in the tree caused by the beetles, invade the xylem or vascular system. The tree responds by producing tyloses, effectively blocking the flow from roots to leaves. Woodland trees in North America are not quite as susceptible to the disease because they usually lack the root-grafting of the urban elms and are somewhat more isolated from each other. In France, inoculation with the fungus of over three hundred clones of the European species failed to find a single variety possessed of any significant resistance.The first, less aggressive strain of the disease fungus, ''Ophiostoma ulmi'', arrived in Europe from the Far East in 1910, and was accidentally introduced to North America in 1928, but was steadily weakened by viruses and had all but disappeared in Europe by the 1940s. The second, far more virulent strain of the disease ''Ophiostoma novo-ulmi'' was identified in Europe in the late 1960s, and within a decade had killed over 20 million trees (approximately 75%) in the UK alone. Approximately three times more deadly, the origin of the new strain remains a mystery. The most popular hypothesis is that it arose from a hybrid between the original ''O. ulmi'' and another strain endemic to the Himalaya, ''Ophiostoma himal-ulmi''.
While there is no sign of the current pandemic waning, there is some hope in the susceptibility of the fungus to a disease of its own caused by d-factors: naturally occurring virus-like agents that can severely debilitate it and reduce its sporulation.
Owing to its geographical isolation and effective quarantine enforcement, Australia has so far been unaffected by Dutch Elm Disease, and as such retains many stands of English Elms, including the long avenues of Royal Parade and St Kilda Road in Melbourne, and Grattan Street in Carlton, Victoria. The provinces of Alberta and British Columbia in western Canada are also free of Dutch Elm disease. Aggressive means are being taken to prevent any occurrences of the disease in these two provinces. In fact, Alberta has the world's largest stands of elms unaffected by the disease, and many streets and parks in Edmonton and Calgary are still lined with large numbers of healthy mature trees.
The largest concentrations of mature elms in Europe are now in Amsterdam and The Hague. In 2005 Amsterdam was declared the Elm City of Europe: the city’s streets and canals are lined with at least 75,000 elms, including recent plantings of research-elms. Some 30,000 of the 100,000 mature trees in The Hague are elms, planted because of their tolerance of salty sea-winds. Since the 1990s a programme of anti-fungal injections of the most prominent 10,000 elms, and of sanitation felling, has reduced annual elm-losses in The Hague from 7% to less than 1%, the losses being made up by the planting of disease-resistant cultivars. The city of Brighton & Hove on the South Coast of England is the home of the NCCPG national collection of elms, comprising 15,000 trees, some of them 400 years old. In the 1970s the Parks and Gardens departments of the two towns (since amalgamated into one city) pursued a vigorous policy of sanitization: spotting and destroying infected elms, which is continued today within the designated "Elm Disease Management Area". Among the many trees thus preserved are several magnificent examples in and around the Royal Pavilion Gardens. The Brighton Elm Disease Management Area contains the majority of the species and varieties found in the United Kingdom. However, there has been a marked increase in the cases of DED in the Brighton area in 2010, owing to climatic conditions favouring the bark beetles which spread the disease, jeopardizing the collection.
Resistant trees
Efforts to develop resistant cultivars began in the Netherlands in 1928 and continued, uninterrupted by World War II, until 1992. Similar programmes were initiated in North America (1937), Italy (1978), and Spain (1990s). Research has followed two paths:
Species and species cultivars
In North America, careful selection has produced a number of trees resistant not only to disease, but also to the droughts and extremely cold winters afflicting the continent. Research in the USA has concentrated on the American Elm ''U. americana'', resulting in the release of highly resistant clones, notably 'Valley Forge'. Much work has also been done into the selection of Asiatic species and cultivars. In Europe, it is the unique example of the European White Elm ''Ulmus laevis'' which has received the most attention. Whilst this elm has little innate resistance to Dutch elm disease, it is not favoured by the vector bark beetles and thus only becomes colonized and infected when there are no other choices, a rare situation in western Europe. Research in Spain has suggested that it may be the presence of a triterpene, alnulin, which makes the tree bark unattractive to the beetle species that spread the disease. However this has not been conclusively proved.
Hybrid cultivars
Owing to their innate resistance to Dutch elm disease, Asiatic species have been crossed with European species, or with other Asiatic elms, to produce trees highly resistant to disease ''and'' tolerant of native climates. After a number of false dawns in the 1970s, this approach has produced a range of fine cultivars now commercially available in North America and Europe. However, some of these trees, notably those with the Siberian Elm ''U. pumila'' in their ancestry, will probably have a comparatively small mature size and lack the forms for which the iconic American Elm and English Elm were prized. Moreover, several of these trees exported to northwestern Europe have proven unsuited to the maritime climate conditions, notably because of their intolerance of ponding on poorly drained soils in winter. Dutch hybridizations invariably included the Himalayan Elm ''U. wallichiana'' as a source of anti-fungal genes and have proven more tolerant of wet ground; they should also ultimately reach a greater size. A number of highly resistant cultivars have been released since 2000, notably 'Nanguen' (Lutèce).
Disclaimer
Elms take many decades to grow to maturity, and as the introduction of these cultivars is relatively recent, their long-term performance and ultimate size cannot be predicted with certainty. However, the National Elm Trial has been underway since 2005 as a large-scale scientific effort to assess strengths and weaknesses of the leading cultivars over a 10-year period.
Notable elm trees
Europe
The Metaxades Elm. An ancient Field Elm (''Ulmus minor'') stood until recently in the village square of Metaxades, Thrace, Greece. Having abandoned their original village in 1286 after cholera outbreaks, the villagers re-founded it in the hills where a young elm grew beside a spring. The elm (reputedly the original) and fountain were until recently the focal-point of the village. The Biscarrosse Elm. Reputedly planted in 1350, this Field Elm (''Ulmus minor'') survived in the centre of Biscarrosse in the Landes region of south-west France until 2010, when it finally succumbed to Dutch elm disease . Its habit of producing a circle of ''white'' epicormic leaves on the bole every spring gave rise to a local legend. The 'white wreath' was said to be related to the public humiliation in 1450 and death beneath the tree of a local girl wrongly accused of adultery. The Elm of Bettange. Reputedly planted in 1593, this Field Elm (''Ulmus minor'') in the village of Bettange in the Moselle region of France is now a wreck In so far as measurements can be taken of its ruined bole, its girth has been estimated at over 6 m. “L’Olmo di Lando”, known in Italy as “L’Olmo Bello” (:The Beautiful Elm). This shapely, open-grown Field Elm (''Ulmus minor'') stood at Ostra near Senigallia in the Italian Marches, where its "montagna di verde" (:mountain of greenery) attracted many admirers, who bought its portrait in postcards. It had a 110 m crown-circumference, a 35 m crown-diameter, and a 6,30 m bole-girth at ground level. It was felled in 1935 when it lost its looks and threatened to damage those of the people standing beneath it. A ring-count established that it was over 400 years old. The Mergozzo Elm. A four hundred year-old ''Ulmus minor'', 5.55 metres in girth, survives in the town of Mergozzo in Piedmont. 'L'olmo di Mergozzo', like its French counterparts 'l'orme de Biscarosse' and 'l’orme de Bettange', is hollowed out by age, its life prolonged by pollarding.
North America
Elm monographs
See also
References
External links
Category:Ulmaceae Category:Medicinal plants
ar:دردار ast:Ulmus az:Qaraağac (bitki) be:Вяз bo:ཡོམ་འབོག་ཤིང་། bg:Бряст ca:Om cv:Хурама cs:Jilm da:Elm de:Ulmen dsb:Wěz et:Jalakas (perekond) el:Φτελιά es:Ulmus eo:Ulmo eu:Zumar fa:نارون fr:Orme gd:Ailm ko:느릅나무속 hsb:Wjaz hr:Brijest io:Ulmo os:Хъарман it:Ulmus he:אולמוס csb:Wijąg kk:Шегіршін kv:Сирпу mrj:Нолгы la:Ulmus lb:Ulm (Bam) lt:Guoba hu:Szilfa nl:Iep ja:ニレ no:Almeslekta pl:Wiąz pt:Ulmeiro ro:Ulmus ru:Вяз sk:Brest (strom) fi:Jalavat sv:Almsläktet tr:Karaağaç uk:В'яз zh:榆屬This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 52°13′33″N4°31′21 }}″N |
|---|---|
| playername | Rasmus Elm |
| fullname | Rasmus Christoffer Elm |
| dateofbirth | March 17, 1988 |
| cityofbirth | Kalmar |
| countryofbirth | Sweden |
| height | |
| position | Defensive Midfielder Central Midfielder Attacking Midfielder |
| currentclub | AZ |
| clubnumber | 20 |
| youthclubs1 | Johansfors IF |
| youthclubs2 | Emmaboda IS |
| years1 | 2005–2009 |
| clubs1 | Kalmar FF |
| caps1 | 96 |
| goals1 | 18 |
| years2 | 2009– |
| clubs2 | AZ |
| caps2 | 52 |
| goals2 | 9 |
| nationalyears1 | 2007–2010 |
| nationalteam1 | Sweden U21 |
| nationalcaps1 | 23 |
| nationalgoals1 | 0 |
| nationalyears2 | 2009– |
| nationalteam2 | Sweden |
| nationalcaps2 | 15 |
| nationalgoals2 | 1 |
| club-update | 15 May 2011 |
| nationalteam-update | 10 June 2011 }} |
Rasmus Elm (born 17 March 1988) is a Swedish footballer, who currently plays for AZ in the Dutch Eredivisie.
Early career and Kalmar FF
In his childhood, Elm played for Johansfors IF and Emmaboda IS, before he signed in January 2005 to Kalmar FF. In four and a half years with the Allsvenskan club, Elm played 96 games and scored 18 goals.
AZ
On 27 August 2009, Elm inked a 4-year deal to Eredivisie outfit AZ Alkmaar. He made his debut on 12 September 2009, in the 2–1 loss against ADO Den Haag.
International career
Elm was the captain of the Swedish U19 squad until in August 2007 Rasmus made his debut in the U21 squad. On February 11, 2009, Elm scored his first goal for the Swedish National Team in a friendly match against Austria.
International goals
| # !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition | ||||||
| 1. | February 11, 2009 | UPC-Arena, Austria| | 1–0 | 2–0 | Friendly match |
Personal life
His brother David is a former player for English Premier League club Fulham F.C. while his other brother Viktor joined Dutch club SC Heerenveen in 2009.
References
External links
Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:People from Kalmar Category:Swedish footballers Category:Kalmar FF players Category:AZ Alkmaar players Category:Allsvenskan players Category:Eredivisie players Category:Sweden international footballers Category:Swedish expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands Category:Swedish expatriates in the Netherlands
bg:Расмус Елм da:Rasmus Elm de:Rasmus Elm fr:Rasmus Elm ko:라스무스 엘름 it:Rasmus Elm la:Rasmus Elm nl:Rasmus Elm ja:ラスムス・エルム pl:Rasmus Elm fi:Rasmus Elm sv:Rasmus Elm
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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