The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com:80/Getae
Saturday, 14 July 2012
Ancient Dacia (country of Getae-Dacians subgroup of Thracians) General Presentation - English
Ancient Getae-Dacians at the time of Decebal
Free Getae-Dacians Carpi Dacia English
The Getae
Dacii liberi - Focul Viu - Dacians / Getae / Romanians Folk Song
Rome Total War: Dacia Campaign Part 6 - Battle for Campus Getae
Kevbob Plays! Rome: Total War - 032 - The Defense of Getae
Kandaon Bria Getae
Samanta Geto-Daca - Dacian Men Romania Dacians Getae song
Spartacus blood and sand -musci video- Breath into me
Dacii / Dacians - Romanian Movie Trailer History Romania
Traciens Wars (history)

Getae

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Ancient Getae-Dacians at the time of Decebal/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 15 Dec 2009
  • Duration: 10:00
  • Updated: 29 Jun 2012
Author: Blurallis
Ancient Dacia at the time of Decebal, before and after Dacian-Romans wars. This video is the result of my research It should be considered with caution, like any other research work
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Ancient Getae-Dacians at the time of Decebal/video details
Free Getae-Dacians Carpi Dacia English/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 22 Dec 2009
  • Duration: 10:00
  • Updated: 20 May 2012
Author: Blurallis
About Free Dacians - Carpi. Besides Costoboci and Daci Magni they not only survived but they continued Dacian fight against the Romans invaders
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Free Getae-Dacians Carpi Dacia English/video details
The Getae/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 06 Oct 2011
  • Duration: 7:11
  • Updated: 11 Jan 2012
Author: EuropaBarbarorum
This video features the Getai doing battle against the Boii, two of the more than 25 factions in Europa Barbarorum II, a total modification for Medieval 2: Total War. Enjoy! Note: Several animations depicted on this video have been reworked, and some, like the falxmen animation, are work in progress.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/The Getae/video details
Dacii liberi - Focul Viu - Dacians / Getae / Romanians Folk Song/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 18 Jul 2009
  • Duration: 3:48
  • Updated: 30 Jun 2012
Author: RomaniansMusic
Romanian Song - Dacians = ancient Getae = Romanians today - picture : Dacian fight against the army of the Roman Empire - Text - versuri - Lyrics - : - Coboara dacii liberi din columna Prin barbi si plete suiera un vant Aduc cu ei sarutul libertatii Si-a permanentei ce rasuna-n cant Cand auzi de chiu si vai Puneti seile pe cai Sa cantam in vechiul grai Turai, turai si no haaaaai Haaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaai Se-aude tropotul de cal in noapte Printre paduri stinghere si pustii Vuieste prin galopul ce-l starneste Iubirea de mosie si de fii Cand auzi de chiu si vai Puneti seile pe cai Sa cantam in vechiul grai Turai, turai si no haaaai Suntem urmasi de daci si suntem liberi Caci libertatea ne-a fost crudul dor Murind am rupt in veacuri mii de lanturi Ce ne-au robit mereu de-atatea ori Lasam sa treaca peste noi durerea Si focul ce se-ncinge peste timp Caliti de-atata ura si robie Strigam ca libertatea-i lucru sfant Cand auzi de chiu si vai Puneti seile pe cai Sa cantam in vechiul grai Turai, turai si no haaaai Si no hai!
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Dacii liberi - Focul Viu - Dacians / Getae / Romanians Folk Song/video details
Rome Total War: Dacia Campaign Part 6 - Battle for Campus Getae/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 08 Dec 2011
  • Duration: 15:29
  • Updated: 11 Apr 2012
Author: MrPierrini
Sorry for the sound not syncing in this video and the last video, hopefully that is sorted in the next vid In this part we attempt to wipe out the Thracians as we battle to take their final province Difficulty: Very hard/Hard Twitter: twitter.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Rome Total War: Dacia Campaign Part 6 - Battle for Campus Getae/video details
Kevbob Plays! Rome: Total War - 032 - The Defense of Getae/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 06 Nov 2010
  • Duration: 8:59
  • Updated: 08 Nov 2010
Author: kailkay
Ziles finally reaches the huge army of Captain Madyes, attempting to shatter the siege and crush so much of the Dacian military.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Kevbob Plays! Rome: Total War - 032 - The Defense of Getae/video details
Samanta Geto-Daca - Dacian Men Romania Dacians Getae song/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 06 Oct 2009
  • Duration: 3:25
  • Updated: 14 Jun 2012
Author: RomaniansMusic
Romanian Song de Daniel Avram about the old Dacian Kingdom Dacia Daco Getia Romania Folk Music - photo picture : movie scene "Columna" ( the son of Decebal ) man men barbarians warriors history - versuri text lyrics - : - SAMANTA GETO-DACA - poezie Pavel Corut muzica Daniel Avram Ploua cu spaima si durere Peste cetatea mea invinsa, Cadeau barbatii in tacere, Murea un zeu cu tampla ninsa, Ardeau strabunele altare Si ziua coborase-n berna, Treceau ostirile barbare Peste cetatea mea eterna. Stam gol in focul din altare Cu ochii cautand la ceruri, Cerseam un strop de indurare, Un colt din vesnice-adevaruri. Ardeam pe geticul jertfelnic Si muntele ardea cu mine... Din trupul meu de om nevrednic Si din batranele ruine, Se zamislea samanta daca, Din foc si sange si pamanturi Si dintr-un strop din sfanta apa Si din blesteme si din canturi... Samanta getilor rodeste, Caci timpul ia trimis porunca. Un neam intreg din mine creste, Un neam de foc si flori de stanca.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Samanta Geto-Daca - Dacian Men Romania Dacians Getae song/video details
Spartacus blood and sand -musci video- Breath into me/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 22 Dec 2011
  • Duration: 3:45
  • Updated: 26 Jun 2012
Author: FuegoEternoyPoder
La serie narra la vida del célebre Espartaco, desde su captura a manos de los romanos en la región de Tracia pasando por su vida en la escuela de gladiadores de Batiatus hasta su rebelión y huida junto a sus compañeros gladiadores luego de ganar su confianza. La historia narra todas las peripecias de Espartaco dentro del ludus, su convivencia con el resto de gladiadores, cómo los romanos tratan a los propios gladiadores y las vivencias de Batiatus, el lanista, y sus intentos de ascender socialmente, utilizando sin escrúpulos a los gladiadores. The story begins with an unnamed Thracian's involvement in a unit of Roman auxiliary in a campaign against the Getae (Dacian tribes that occupied the regions of the Lower Danube, in what today is Romania) under the command of the legatus, Claudius Glaber. In 72-71 BC, Roman general Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus, proconsul of the Roman province of Macedonia, marched against the Getae, who were allies of Rome's enemy, Mithridates VI of Pontus. The Getae frequently raid the Thracians' lands, so the Thracians are persuaded by Glaber to enlist in the Romans' service as auxiliaries. Glaber is persuaded by his wife Ilithyia to seek greater glory, decides to break off attacking the Getae and directly confront the forces of Mithridates in Asia Minor. The Thracian, feeling betrayed, leads a mutiny against Glaber, and returns to find his village destroyed. The Thracian and his wife Sura, are captured by Glaber the next day; the Thracian is <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Spartacus blood and sand -musci video- Breath into me/video details
Dacii / Dacians - Romanian Movie Trailer History Romania/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 23 Oct 2010
  • Duration: 0:30
  • Updated: 18 Mar 2012
Author: DoinaDor
The Dacians, situated north of the lower Danube in the area of the Carpathians and Transylvania, are the earliest named people from the present territory of Romania. They are first mentioned in the writings of Ancient Greeks, in Herodotus (Histories Book IV XCIII - "[Getae] the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes") and Thucydides (Peloponnesian Wars, Book II - "[Getae] border on the Scythians and are armed in the same manner, being all mounted archers"). Later the Dacians were mentioned in the Roman documents (Caesar's De Bello Gallico, Book VI 25,1 - "The Hercynian Forest [...] stretches along the Danube to the areas of the Daci and Anarti"), and also under the name Geta (plural Getae). Strabo in his Geography, Book VII 3,12 tells about the Daci-Getae division "Getae, those who incline towards the Pontus and the east, and Daci, those who incline in the opposite direction towards Germany and the sources of the Ister". In Strabo's opinion, the original name of the Dacians was "daoi", which Mircea Eliade in his De Zalmoxis à Genghis Khan explained with a possible Phrygian cognate "Daos", the name of the wolf god. This assumption is enforced by the fact that the Dacian standard, the Dacian Draco, had a wolf head. In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks - the North-Danubian branches of the Thracians. Dacia had in the middle the Carpathian Mountains and was <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Dacii / Dacians - Romanian Movie Trailer History Romania/video details
Traciens Wars (history)/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 09 Apr 2009
  • Duration: 10:03
  • Updated: 20 Jun 2012
Author: VyckTube
The ancient Thracians were a group of Indo-European tribes who spoke the Thracian language - a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family. Those peoples inhabited the Eastern, Central and Southern part of the Balkan peninsula, as well as the adjacent parts of Central-Eastern Europe Thracians inhabited parts of the ancient provinces of: Thrace, Moesia, Macedonia, Dacia, Scythia Minor, Sarmatia, Bithynia, Mysia, Pannonia, and other regions on the Balkans and Anatolia. This area extends over most of the Balkans region, and the Getae north of the Danube as far as beyond the Bug.[2] The branch of science that studies the ancient Thracians and Thrace is called Thracology.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Traciens Wars (history)/video details
Negura Bunget - Dedesuptul/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 24 May 2010
  • Duration: 6:40
  • Updated: 05 Dec 2011
Author: Scarrus666
I made this video because I really love this band. Negura Bunget from Transilvania - The land of the Getae Negura Bunget is a Folk/Pagan Metal band from Transilvania, Romania. The band's main focus is to put the Getae spirituality into music.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Negura Bunget - Dedesuptul/video details
Religion of the ancient Dacia (people living in the territory of the present-day Romania)/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 21 Apr 2010
  • Duration: 9:59
  • Updated: 24 Jun 2012
Author: Ilotz
Religion of the ancient Dacia (music by Romanian pan flute artist, Gherghe Zamfir). Dacia The earliest written evidence of people living in the territory of the present-day Romania comes from Herodotus in book IV of his Histories written 440 BCE. Herein he writes that the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by the Persian Emperor Darius the Great during his campaign against the Scythians. The Dacians, widely accepted as part of the Getae described earlier by the Greeks, were a branch of Thracians that inhabited Dacia (corresponding to modern Romania, Moldova and northern Bulgaria). The Dacian kingdom reached its maximum expansion during King Burebista, between 82 BCE - 44 BCE. Under his leadership Dacia became a powerful state which threatened the regional interests of the Romans. Julius Caesar intended to start a campaign against the Dacians, due to the support that Burebista gave to Pompey, but was assassinated in 44 BC. A few months later, Burebista shared the same fate, assassinated by his own noblemen. Another theory suggests that he was killed by Caesar's friends. His powerful state was divided in four and did not become unified again until 95 AD, under the reign of the Dacian king Decebalus. The Roman Empire conquered Moesia by 29 BC, reaching the Danube. In 87 AD Emperor Domitian sent six legions into Dacia, which were defeated at Tapae. The Dacians were eventually defeated by Emperor Trajan in two campaigns stretching from 101 AD to 106 AD, and the <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120715002335/http://wn.com/Religion of the ancient Dacia (people living in the territory of the present-day Romania)/video details
  • Ancient Dacia (country of Getae-Dacians subgroup of Thracians) General Presentation - English...10:00
  • Ancient Getae-Dacians at the time of Decebal...10:00
  • Free Getae-Dacians Carpi Dacia English...10:00
  • The Getae...7:11
  • Dacii liberi - Focul Viu - Dacians / Getae / Romanians Folk Song...3:48
  • Rome Total War: Dacia Campaign Part 6 - Battle for Campus Getae...15:29
  • Kevbob Plays! Rome: Total War - 032 - The Defense of Getae...8:59
  • Samanta Geto-Daca - Dacian Men Romania Dacians Getae song...3:25
  • Spartacus blood and sand -musci video- Breath into me...3:45
  • Dacii / Dacians - Romanian Movie Trailer History Romania...0:30
  • Traciens Wars (history)...10:03
  • Negura Bunget - Dedesuptul...6:40
  • Religion of the ancient Dacia (people living in the territory of the present-day Romania)...9:59
Ancient Dacia General Presentation - English Muzic Gheorghe Zamfir based on Romanian popular music
10:00
An­cient Dacia (coun­try of Getae-Da­cians sub­group of Thra­cians) Gen­er­al Pre­sen­ta­tion - En­glish
An­cient Dacia Gen­er­al Pre­sen­ta­tion - En­glish Muzic Ghe­o­rghe Zam­fir based on Ro­ma­ni­an popul...
pub­lished: 15 Dec 2009
au­thor: Blu­ral­lis
10:00
An­cient Getae-Da­cians at the time of De­ce­bal
An­cient Dacia at the time of De­ce­bal, be­fore and after Da­cian-Ro­mans wars. This video is t...
pub­lished: 15 Dec 2009
au­thor: Blu­ral­lis
10:00
Free Getae-Da­cians Carpi Dacia En­glish
About Free Da­cians - Carpi. Be­sides Cos­to­bo­ci and Daci Magni they not only sur­vived but th...
pub­lished: 22 Dec 2009
au­thor: Blu­ral­lis
7:11
The Getae
This video fea­tures the Getai doing bat­tle against the Boii, two of the more than 25 facti...
pub­lished: 06 Oct 2011
3:48
Dacii liberi - Focul Viu - Da­cians / Getae / Ro­ma­ni­ans Folk Song
Ro­ma­ni­an Song - Da­cians = an­cient Getae = Ro­ma­ni­ans today - pic­ture : Da­cian fight against...
pub­lished: 18 Jul 2009
15:29
Rome Total War: Dacia Cam­paign Part 6 - Bat­tle for Cam­pus Getae
Sorry for the sound not sync­ing in this video and the last video, hope­ful­ly that is sort­ed...
pub­lished: 08 Dec 2011
8:59
Kevbob Plays! Rome: Total War - 032 - The De­fense of Getae
Ziles fi­nal­ly reach­es the huge army of Cap­tain Madyes, at­tempt­ing to shat­ter the siege and...
pub­lished: 06 Nov 2010
au­thor: kailkay
4:23
Kan­daon Bria Getae
...
pub­lished: 08 Jun 2011
3:25
Saman­ta Geto-Da­ca - Da­cian Men Ro­ma­nia Da­cians Getae song
Ro­ma­ni­an Song de Daniel Avram about the old Da­cian King­dom Dacia Daco Getia Ro­ma­nia Folk M...
pub­lished: 06 Oct 2009
3:45
Spar­ta­cus blood and sand -mus­ci video- Breath into me
La serie narra la vida del célebre Es­par­ta­co, desde su cap­tura a manos de los roman...
pub­lished: 22 Dec 2011
0:30
Dacii / Da­cians - Ro­ma­ni­an Movie Trail­er His­to­ry Ro­ma­nia
The Da­cians, sit­u­at­ed north of the lower Danube in the area of the Carpathi­ans and Tran­syl...
pub­lished: 23 Oct 2010
au­thor: DoinaDor
10:03
Tra­ciens Wars (his­to­ry)
The an­cient Thra­cians were a group of In­do-Eu­ro­pean tribes who spoke the Thra­cian lan­guage...
pub­lished: 09 Apr 2009
au­thor: Vy­ck­Tube
6:40
Ne­gu­ra Bunget - Dedesup­tul
I made this video be­cause I re­al­ly love this band. Ne­gu­ra Bunget from Tran­sil­va­nia - The l...
pub­lished: 24 May 2010
au­thor: Scar­rus666
9:59
Re­li­gion of the an­cient Dacia (peo­ple liv­ing in the ter­ri­to­ry of the pre­sent-day Ro­ma­nia)
Re­li­gion of the an­cient Dacia (music by Ro­ma­ni­an pan flute artist, Gherghe Zam­fir). Dacia ...
pub­lished: 21 Apr 2010
au­thor: Ilotz
3:30
Tra­jan's Col­umn / Da­cian Wars Ro­ma­ni­an His­to­ry Da­cians
Tra­jan's Col­umn is a Roman tri­umphal col­umn in Rome which com­mem­o­rates Roman em­per­or T...
pub­lished: 16 Jul 2010
au­thor: Daco­Ge­tia
9:32
Roman con­quest of Dacia ( mod­ern day Ro­ma­nia ) part 1/5
In­hab­it­ed by the an­cient Da­cians, today's ter­ri­to­ry of Ro­ma­nia was con­quered by the Ro...
pub­lished: 11 Jun 2010
5:51
kan­daon - Codru In­tunecat
Kan­daon 2007 Bria Getae...
pub­lished: 08 Jun 2011
2:49
Geto-Da­cians ''The most Brave and Fair Thra­cian tribe''
Po­sei­do­nios says that Mysians are out of meat prod­ucts from a par­tic­u­lar re­li­gious faith, ...
pub­lished: 28 Mar 2009
8:27
Sabr­toea­s­phali
Old-Eu­rope, Fer­tile Cer­scent, Pon­tic ne­olitic Has­suna-Samar­ra, Ha­laf-Ubaid, Uruk-Jemdet Na...
pub­lished: 19 Jun 2012
3:31
DRA­CO-chipurile de pi­a­tra- Film doc­u­men­tar de­spre an­ticii geto-daci.​Un portret neo­bis­nu­it TRAIL­ER
"Un voiaj cin­e­matograf­ic in an­ti­ca Dacie, o in­tal­nire cu Zal­mox­is, zei­tatea ui­tata a ...
pub­lished: 17 Apr 2012
2:59
România iarna
România is a coun­try lo­cat­ed at the cross­roads of Cen­tral and South­east­ern Eu­rope, n...
pub­lished: 03 Jan 2011
au­thor: JE­nes­cu1
7:19
Da­cians and Ro­mans fight­ing against the Bar­bar­ians - Ro­ma­nia
Our an­ces­tors, the Da­cians and the Ro­mans, were fight­ing against the Bar­bar­ian In­va­sion. B...
pub­lished: 18 Jan 2008
au­thor: Dac­cian




  • Geta Burlacu performing
    Creative Commons
  • Geta (footwear).
    Creative Commons / Haragayato
  • Geta Glyptothek Munich 352.
    Creative Commons / Bibi Saint-Pol
  • Publius Septimius Geta Louvre Ma1076
    Creative Commons / http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Publius_Septimius_Geta_Louvre_Ma1076.jpg
  • Caracalla et Geta
    Creative Commons / Lawrence Alma-Tadema


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  • more news on: Getae

    The Getae ([pronunciation?]; Ancient Greek: Γέται, singular Γέτης; Bulgarian: Гети; Romanian: Geţi, singular Get) was the name given by the Greeks to several Thracian tribes inhabiting the regions to either side of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria and Romania. This was a hinterland of Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast, bringing the Getae into contact with the Ancient Greeks from an early date.

    Contents

    Getae and Dacians[link]

    Ancient sources[link]

    Strabo, one of the first ancient sources to mention Getae and Dacians, stated in his Geographica (ca. 7 BC-20 AD) that the Dacians lived in the western parts of Dacia, "towards Germania and the sources of the Danube", and the Getae in the eastern parts, towards the Black Sea, both south and north of the Danube.[1] The ancient geographer also wrote that the Dacians and Getae spoke the same language[2], after stating the same about Getae and Thracians.[3]

    Pliny the Elder, in his Naturalis Historia (Natural History), ca. 77-79 AD, provides a similar view: "... though various races have occupied the adjacent shores; at one spot the Getae, by the Romans called Daci...".[4]

    Appian, who began writing his Roman History under Antonius Pius, Roman Emperor from 138 to 161, noted: “[B]ut going beyond these rivers in places they rule some of the Celts over the Rhine and the Getae over the Danube, whom they call Dacians”[5].[6]

    Justin, the 3rd century AD Latin historian, wrote in his Epitome of Pompeius Trogus that Dacians are spoken of as descendents of the Getae: "Daci quoque suboles Getarum sunt" (The Dacians as well are a scion of the Getae).[7][8]

    In his Roman History (ca. 200 AD), Cassius Dio adds: "I call the people Dacians, the name used by the natives themselves as well as by the Romans, though I am not ignorant that some Greek writers refer to them as Getae, whether that is the right term or not..."[9] [10]. He also shows the Dacians to live on both sides of the Lower Danube; the ones south of the river (today's northern Bulgaria), in Moesia, and are called Moesians, while the ones north of the river are called Dacians. He argues that the Dacians are "Getae or Thracians of Dacian race":[11]

    In ancient times, it is true, Moesians and Getae occupied all the land between Haemus and the Ister; but as time went on some of them changed their names, and since then there have been included under the name of Moesia all the tribes living above Dalmatia, Macedonia, and Thrace, and separated from Pannonia by the Savus, a tributary of the Ister. Two of the many tribes found among them are those formerly called the Triballi, and the Dardani, who still retain their old name.[12]

    Modern interpretations[link]

    There is a dispute among external and authentic scholars about the relations between the Getae and Dacians, and this dispute also covers the interpretation of ancient sources. Some historians such as Ronald Arthur Crossland state that even Ancient Greeks used the two designations "interchangeable or with some confusion". Thus, it is generally considered that the two groups were related to a certain degree,[13] while the exact relation is a matter of controversy.

    Same people[link]

    Onomastic range of the Dacian, Getae and Moesian towns with the dava or deva ending, covering Dacia, Moesia, Thrace and Dalmatia and showcasing linguistic continuity
    Onomastic range of the Dacian, Getae and Moesian towns with the dava or deva ending, covering Dacia, Moesia, Thrace and Dalmatia and showcasing linguistic continuity

    Strabo, as well as other ancient sources, led some modern historians to consider that, if the Thracian ethnic group should be divided, one of this divisions should be the "Daco-Getae".[14] The linguist Ivan Duridanov also identified a "Dacian linguistic area"[15] in Dacia, Scythia Minor, Lower Moesia and Upper Moesia.

    Romanian scholars generally went further with the identification, historian Constantin C. Giurescu claiming the two were identical.[16] The archaeologist Mircea Babeş spoke of a "veritable ethno-cultural unity" between the Getae and the Dacians.[citation needed] According to Glanville Price, the account of the Greek geographer Strabo shows that the Getae and the Dacians were one and the same people.[17] Others who support the identity between Getae and Dacians with ancient sources include freelance writer James Minahan and Catherine B Avery, who claim the people whom the Greek called Getae were called Daci by the Romans.[18] [19] The same view is expressed by some British historians such as Sandler Berkowitz David and Philip Matyszak.[20][21] The Bulgarian historian and thracologist Alexander Fol considers that the Getae became known as "Dacians" in Greek and Latin in the writings of Caesar, Strabo and Pliny the Elder, as Roman observers adopted the name of the Dacian tribe to refer to all the unconquered inhabitants north of the Danube.[22] Also, Edward Bunbury believed the name of Getae, by which they were originally known to the Greeks on the Euxine, was always retained by the latter in common usage: while that of Dacians, whatever be its origin, was that by which the more western tribes, adjoining the Pannonians, first became known to the Romans.[23] Some scholars consider the Getae and Dacians to be the same people at different stages of their history and discuss their culture as Geto-Dacian.[24]

    Same language, distinct people[link]

    Historian and archaeologist Alexandru Vulpe found a remarkable uniformity of the Geto-Dacian culture,[25] however he is one of the few Romanian archaeologist to make a clear distinction between the Getae and Dacians, arguing against the traditional position of the Romanian historiography that considered the two people the same.[26] Nevertheless, he chose to use the term "Geto-Dacians" as a conventional concept for the Thracian tribes inhabiting the future territory of Romania, not necessarily meaning an "absolute ethnic, linguistic or historical unity".[26]

    Ronald Arthur Crossland suggested the two designations may refer to two groups of a "linguistically homogeneous people" that had come to historical prominence at two distinct periods of time. He also compared the probable linguistic situation with the relation between modern Norwegian and Danish languages.[3] Paul Lachlan MacKendrick considered the two as "branches" of the same tribe, speaking two dialects of a common language.[27]

    The Romanian historian of ideas and historiographer Lucian Boia stated: "At a certain point, the phrase Geto-Dacian was coined in the Romanian historiography to suggest a unity of Getae and Dacians".[28] Lucian Boia took a sceptical position, arguing the ancient writers distinguished among the two people, treating them as two distinct groups of the Thracian ethnos.[28][29] Boia contended that it would be naive to assume Strabo knew the Thracian dialects so well,[28] alleging that Strabo had "no competence in the field of Thracian dialects".[29] The latter claim is contested, some studies attesting Strabo's reliability and sources.[30] There is no reason to disregard Strabo's view that the Daci and the Getae spoke the same language.[17] Boia also stressed that some Romanian authors cited Strabo indiscriminately.[29]

    A similar position was adopted by Romanian historian and archaeologist G. A. Niculescu, who also criticized the Romanian historiography and the archaeological interpretation, particularly on the "Geto-Dacian" culture.[31] In his opinion, Alexandru Vulpe saw ancient people as modern nations, leading the latter to interpret the common language as a sign of a common people, despite Strabo making a distinction between the two.[26]

    History[link]

    Eastern Europe in 200 BC showing the Getae tribes north of the Danube river.

    7th century BC[link]

    From the 7th century BC onwards, the Getae came into economic and cultural contact with the Greeks, who were establishing colonies on the western side of Pontus Euxinus, nowadays the Black Sea. The Getae are mentioned for the first time together in Herodotus in his narrative of the Scythian campaign of Darius I in 513 BC. According to Herodotus, the Getae differed from other Thracian tribes in their religion, centered around the god (daimon) Zalmoxis whom some of the Getae called Gebeleizis.[32]

    Between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC, the Getae were mostly under the rule of the flourishing Odrysian kingdom. During this time, the Getae provided military services and became famous for their cavalry. After the disintegration of the Odrysian kingdom, smaller Getic principalities began to consolidate themselves.

    Persian expedition[link]

    Before setting out on his Persian expedition, Alexander the Great defeated the Getae and razed one of their settlements.[33] In 313 BC, the Getae formed an alliance with Callatis, Odessos, and other western Pontic Greek colonies against Lysimachus, who held a fortress at Tirizis (modern Kaliakra).[34]

    The Getae flourished especially in the first half of the 3rd century BC. By about 200 BC, the authority of the Getic prince, Zalmodegicus, stretched as far as Histria, as a contemporary inscription shows.[35] Other strong princes included Zoltes and Rhemaxos (about 180 BC). Also, several Getic rulers minted their own coins. The ancient authors Strabo[36] and Cassius Dio[37] say that Getae practiced ruler cult, and this is confirmed by archaeological remains.

    Conflict with Rome[link]

    In 72-71 BC, Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus became the first Roman commander to march against the Getae. This was done to strike at the western Pontic allies of Mithridates VI, but he had limited success. A decade later, a coalition of Scythians, Getae, Bastarnae and Greek colonists defeated C. Antonius Hybrida at Histria.[38][39] This victory over the Romans allowed Burebista to dominate the region for a short period (60-50 BC).

    In the mid-first BCE Burebista organized a kingdom consisting of descendants of those whom the Greeks had called Getae, as well as Dacians, or Daci, the name applied to people of the region by the Romans.[24]

    Augustus aimed at subjugating the entire Balkan peninsula, and used an incursion of the Bastarnae across the Danube as a pretext to devastate the Getae and Thracians. He put Marcus Licinius Crassus in charge of the plan. In 29 BC, Crassus defeated the Bastarnae with the help of the Getic prince Rholes.[40] Crassus promised him help for his support against the Getic ruler Dapyx.[41] After Crassus had reached as far the Danube Delta, Rholes was appointed king and returned to Rome. In 16 BC, the Sarmatae invaded the Getic territory and were driven back by Roman troops.[42] The Getae were placed under the control of the Roman vassal king in Thrace, Rhoemetalces I. In 6 AD, the province of Moesia was founded, incorporating the Getae south of the Danube River. The Getae north of the Danube continued tribal autonomy outside the Roman Empire.

    Culture[link]

    According to Herodotus, the Getae were "the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes."[43] When the Persians, led by Darius the Great, campaigned against the Scythians, the Thracian tribes in the Balkans surrendered to Darius on his way to Scythia, and only the Getae offered resistance.[43]

    One episode from the history of the Getae is attested by several ancient writers.[44][45]

    When Lysimachus tried to subdue the Getae he was defeated by them. The Getae king, Dromichaetes, took him prisoner but he treated him well and convinced Lysimachus there is more to gain as an ally than as an enemy of the Getae and released him. According to Diodorus, Dromichaetes entertained Lysimachus at his palace at Helis, where food was served on gold and silver plates. The discovery of the celebrated tomb at Sveshtari (1982) suggests that Helis was located perhaps in its vicinity,[46] where remains of a large antique city are found along with dozens of other Thracian mound tombs.

    As stated earlier, the principal god of the Getae was Zalmoxis whom they sometimes called Gebeleizis.

    "This same people, when it lightens and thunders, aim their arrows at the sky, uttering threats against the god; and they do not believe that there is any god but their own." - Herodotus. Histories, 4.94.

    Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia mentions a tribe called the Tyragetae,[47] apparently a Daco-Thracian tribe who dwelt by the river Tyras (the Dniester). Their tribal name appears to be a combination of Tyras and Getae; cf. the names Thyssagetae and Massagetae.

    The Roman poet Ovid, during his long exile in Tomis, is asserted to have written poetry (now lost) in the Getic language. In his Epistulae ex Ponto, written from the northern coast of the Black Sea, he asserts that two major, distinct languages were spoken by the sundry tribes of Scythia, which he referred to as Getic, and Sarmatian.

    Physical appearance[link]

    Jerome (Letter CVII to Laeta. II) described the Getae as red and yellow-haired.[48]

    Legacy[link]

    At the close of the 4th century AD, Claudian, court poet to the emperor Honorius and the patrician Stilicho, habitually uses the ethnonym Getae to refer poetically to the Visigoths.

    During 5th and 6th centuries, several writers (Marcellinus Comes, Orosius, John Lydus, Isidore of Seville, Procopius of Caesarea) used the same ethnonym Getae to name populations invading the Eastern Roman Empire (Goths, Gepids, Kutrigurs, Slavs). For instance, in the third book of the History of the Wars Procopius details: "There were many Gothic nations in earlier times, just as also at the present, but the greatest and most important of all are the Goths, Vandals, Visigoths, and Gepaedes. In ancient times, however, they were named Sauromatae and Melanchlaeni; and there were some too who called these nations Getic."[49]

    The Getae were also assumed to be the ancestors of the Goths by Jordanes in his Getica written at the middle of the 6th century. Jordanes assumed the earlier testimony of Orosius.

    See also[link]

    Notes[link]

    1. ^ Strabo 20 AD, VII 3,13.
    2. ^ Strabo 20 AD, VII 3,14.
    3. ^ a b The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3) (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1982. ISBN 1-108-00714-7.  In chapter "20c Linguistic problems of the Balkan area", at page 838, Ronald Arthur Crossland argues "it may be the distinction made by Greeks and Romans between the Getae and Daci, for example, reflected the importance of different sections of a linguistically homogenous people at different times". He furthermore recalls Strabo's testimony and Georgiev's hypothesis for a 'Thraco-Dacian' language.
    4. ^ Pliny the Elder 77 AD, IV 25.
    5. ^ Appian 160 AD, Praef. 1.4.
    6. ^ Millar, Fergus; Cotton, Hannah M.; Rogers, Guy M. (2004). Rome, the Greek World, and the East, Volume 2: Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire page 189. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-5520-1. 
    7. ^ Justin 3rd century AD, XXXII 3.
    8. ^ Papazoglu, Fanula (1978). The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times:Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci, & Moesians, translated by Mary Stansfield-Popovic page 335. John Benjamins North America. ISBN 978-90-256-0793-7. 
    9. ^ Shelley, William Scott (199). The Origins of the Europeans: Classical Observations in Culture and Personality, page 108, Cassius Dio (LXVII.4). Intl Scholars Pubns. ISBN ISBN 1-57309-220-7, ISBN 978-1-57309-220-3. 
    10. ^ Sidebottom 2007, p. 6.
    11. ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, 55.22.6-55.22.7. "The Suebi, to be exact, dwell beyond the Rhine (though many people elsewhere claim their name), and the Dacians on both sides of the Ister; those of the latter, however, who live on this side of the river near the country of the Triballi are reckoned in with the district of Moesia and are called Moesians, except by those living in the immediate neighbourhood, while those on the other side are called Dacians and are either a branch of the Getae are Thracians belonging to the Dacian race that once inhabited Rhodope."
    12. ^ Cassius Dio LI 27
    13. ^ The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 10) (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1996.  J. J. Wilkes mentions "the Getae of the Dobrudja, who were akin to the Dacians" (p. 562)
    14. ^ András Mócsy (1974). Pannonia and Upper Moesia. Routledge and Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-7714-9.  See p. 364, n. 41: "If there is any justification for dividing the Thracian ethnic group, then, unlike V. Georgiev who suggests splitting it into the Thraco-Getae and the Daco-Mysi, I consider a division into the Thraco-Mysi and the Daco-Getae the more likely."
    15. ^ Duridanov, Ivan. "The Thracian, Dacian and Paeonian languages". http://www.kroraina.com/thrac_lang/thrac_8.html. Retrieved 2007-02-11. 
    16. ^ Giurescu, Constantin C. (1973) (in Romanian). Formarea poporului român. Craiova. p. 23.  "They (Dacians and Getae) are two names for the same people [...] divided in a large number of tribes". See also the hypothesis of a Daco-Moesian language / dialectal area supported by linguists like Vladimir Georgiev, Ivan Duridanov and Sorin Olteanu.
    17. ^ a b Price, Glanville (2000). Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN ISBN 0-631-22039-9, ISBN 978-0-631-22039-8. , p. 120
    18. ^ Minahan J & Minahan JB 2000, p. 549.
    19. ^ Avery 1962, p. 497.
    20. ^ Sandler Berkowitz & Morison 1984, p. 160.
    21. ^ Matyszak 2009, p. 215.
    22. ^ Fol 1996, p. 223.
    23. ^ Bunbury 1979, p. 151.
    24. ^ a b Waldman & Mason 2006, p. 335.
    25. ^ Petrescu-Dîmboviţa, Mircea; Vulpe, Alexandru (eds), ed. (2001) (in Romanian). Istoria Românilor, vol. I. Bucharest. [page needed]
    26. ^ a b c Kohl, Gheorghe Alexandru; Kozelsky, Mara; Ben-Yehuda, Nachman, eds. (2007). "Archaeology and Nationalism in The History of the Romanians". University of Chicago Press. pp. 139–141. ISBN 0-226-45059-7. 
    27. ^ Paul Lachlan MacKendrick (1975). The Dacian Stones Speak. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4939-1.  "The natives with whom we shall be concerned in this chapter are the Getae of Muntenia and Moldavia in the eastern steppes, and the Dacians of the Carpathian Mountains. Herodotus calls them 'the bravest and the justest of the Thracians,' and they were in fact two branches of the same tribe, speaking two dialects of the same Indo-European language." (p. 45)
    28. ^ a b c Boia, Lucian (2004). Romania: Borderland of Europe. Reaktion Books. p. 43. ISBN 1-86189-103-2. 
    29. ^ a b c Boia, Lucian (2001). History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness. Central European University Press. p. 14. ISBN 963-9116-97-1. 
    30. ^ Janakieva, Svetlana (2002). "La notion de ΟΜΟΓΛΩΤΤΟΙ chez Strabon et la situation ethno-linguistique sur les territoires thraces" (in French). Études Balkaniques (4): 75–79.  The author concluded Strabo's claim sums an experience following of many centuries of neighbourhood and cultural interferences between the Greeks and the Thracian tribes
    31. ^ Niculescu, Gheorghe Alexandru (2004–2005). "Archaeology, Nationalism and "The History of the Romanians" (2001)". Dacia - Revue d'archéologie et d'histoire ancienne (48–49): 99–124.  He dedicates a large part of his assessment to the archaeology of "Geto-Dacians" and he concludes that with few exceptions "the archaeological interpretations [...] are following G. Kossinna’s concepts of culture, archaeology and ethnicity".
    32. ^ Herodotus. Histories, 4.93-4.97.
    33. ^ Arrian. Anabasis, Book IA. "The Getae did not sustain even the first charge of the cavalry; for Alexander’s audacity seemed incredible to them, in having thus easily crossed the Ister, the largest of rivers, in a single night, without throwing a bridge over the stream. Terrible to them also was the closely locked order of the phalanx, and violent the charge of the cavalry. At first they fled for refuge into their city, which. was distant about a parasang from the Ister; but when they saw that Alexander was leading his phalanx carefully along the side of the river, to prevent his infantry being anywhere surrounded by the Getae lying in ambush, but that he was sending his cavalry straight on, they again abandoned the city, because it was badly fortified."
    34. ^ Strabo. Geography, 7.6.1. "On this coast-line is Cape Tirizis, a stronghold, which Lysimachus once used as a treasury."
    35. ^ Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum 18.288
    36. ^ Strabo. Geography, 16.2.38-16.2.39.
    37. ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, 68.9.
    38. ^ Livy. Ab Urbe Condita, 103.
    39. ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, 38.10.1-38.10.3.
    40. ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, 52.24.7; 26.1.
    41. ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, 51.26.
    42. ^ Cassius Dio. Roman History, 54.20.1-54.20.3.
    43. ^ a b Herodotus. Histories, 4.93.
    44. ^ Strabo. Geography, 3.8.
    45. ^ Pausanias. Description of Greece, 1.9.5.
    46. ^ Delev, P. (2000). "Lysimachus, the Getae, and Archaeology (2000)". The Classical Quarterly, New Series 50 (Vol. 50, No. 2): 384–401. DOI:10.1093/cq/50.2.384. 
    47. ^ Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia, 4.26. "Leaving Taphræ, and going along the mainland, we find in the interior the Auchetæ, in whose country the Hypanis has its rise, as also the Neurœ, in whose district the Borysthenes has its source, the Geloni, the Thyssagetæ, the Budini, the Basilidæ, and the Agathyrsi with their azure-coloured hair."
    48. ^ http://orthodoxchurchfathers.com/fathers/npnf206/npnf2062.htm
    49. ^ Procopius. History of the Wars, Book III (Wikisource).

    References[link]

    Ancient[link]

    Modern[link]

    • Avery, Catherine B. (1962). The New Century classical handbook. Appleton-Century-Crofts. 
    • Bunbury, Edward Herbert (1979). A history of ancient geography among the Greeks and Romans: from the earliest ages till the fall of the Roman empire.. London: Humanities Press International, Incorporated. ISBN 978-90-70265-11-3. 
    • Fol, Alexander (1996). "Thracians, Celts, Illyrians and Dacians". History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. edited by Unesco. Bernan Assoc; illustrated edition. ISBN 978-92-3-102812-0. 
    • Millar, Fergus; Cotton, Hannah M.; Rogers, Guy M. (2004). Rome, the Greek World, and the East, Volume 2: Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-5520-1. 
    • Matyszak, Philip (2009). The Enemies Of Rome. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-28772-9. 
    • Minahan J, James; Minahan JB, James B. (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-30984-1, 978-0313309847. 
    • Sandler Berkowitz, David; Morison, Richard (1984). Humanist Scholarship and Public Order: Two Tracts Against the Pilgrimage of Grace. Associated Univ Pr). ISBN 0-918016-01-0, 978-0918016010. 
    • Sidebottom, Harry (2007). "International Relations". The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare: Volume 2, Rome from the Late Republic to the Late Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78274-6. 
    • Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-8160-4964-6. 

    External links[link]

    http://wn.com/Getae

    Related pages:

    http://ru.wn.com/Геты

    http://es.wn.com/Getas




    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getae

    This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


    Negură Bunget
    Background information
    Origin Timișoara, Romania
    Genres Progressive black metal[1]
    Folk metal
    Labels Code666 Records (Aural Music)
    Prophecy Productions (Lupus Lounge)
    Website negurabunget.com/
    Members
    Negru
    Corb
    Spin
    Gadinet
    Inia Dinia
    Ageru Pamintului

    Negură Bunget is a black metal band from Timișoara, Romania.

    Contents

    Biography[link]

    Negură Bunget formed at the end of 1994, as a duo, with Hupogrammos Disciple on guitars, vocals, and keyboards, and Negru on drums (at that point, the band was known as Wiccan Rede). In 1997, Sol'Faur Spurcatu joined the group on guitar. In a 2004 interview, Negru explained the symbolism of the name:

    Negură Bunget is a black fog coming from a deep dark dense forest. The name tries to picture somehow the kind of atmosphere, both musical and spiritual we'd want to create through our music. It has also an esoteric nature, standing for the inexpressible parts of our ideology. The two words are also from the Tracic substrate of the Romanian language (the oldest one, containing about 90 words) as the interest for our local history and spirituality is something of crucial importance and meaning for us as a band.
    [2]

    After one demo, one album and one EP, three more full-length albums followed - Măiastru Sfetnic, 'N Crugu Bradului and OM. The success of Măiastru Sfetnic secured the band a three-album contact with the 'code666 record' label. Now reaching a wider audience, they began their first European tours.

    N Crugu Bradului included four songs spanning a total of nearly an hour.

    The band described the album as:

    The 4th Negură Bunget phase… the principles of 4 (four). The natural form of the Universe to manifest itself (the 4 seasons, the 4 phases of the moon, the 4 moments of the day, the 4 winds, the 4 cardinal points, the 4 elements…). The principle of 4 is a form that needs to be activated, through the consciousness (the awakening of the conscience) moving towards contemplation, standing for the initiation though mystery.
    [3]

    In 2006 Negură Bunget released OM. The album has received attention in the extreme music press; for example, it was ranked as the second best album of 2006 by the writers of the British Terrorizer Magazine.

    In 2009, the band went through some unreconcilable disagreements between the three formers of the band, Hupogrammos, Sol'Faur and drummer Negru. Both Hupogrammos and Sol'Faur left the band, and Negru continues under the name of Negură Bunget with a new line-up.[4]

    The bands most recent album, Vîrstele Pămîntului, was also released in a very limited special edition version. This limited version, each handmade to order, consisted of a hand crafted wooden box finished with rope and burned finish containing an undisclosed amount of genuine soil from Transylvania, a poster, pin and deluxe digipack edition of the CD album itself.[5]

    Band members[link]

    Current line-up[link]

    • Stefan - vocals (December 2011 -)
    • Urzit - guitar (2010 -)
    • Fulmineos - guitar, vocals (2010- 2011, 2011 -)
    • Gadinet - bass (July 2009 -)
    • Inia Dinia - keyboards (July 2009 -)
    • Negru - drums, percussion (1994 -)


    Former members[link]

    • Hupogrammos (Dordeduh) - guitars, vocals, bass, keyboards, archaic instruments (1994–2009)
    • Sol'Faur (Dordeduh)- guitars (also bass, keyboards, backing vocals) (1997–2009)
    • Ageru Pământului - percussions, archaic instruments, vocals (July 2009 - 2011)
    • Corb - vocals, guitars (July 2009 - August 2010)
    • Spin - guitars (July 2009 - July 2010)

    Former live members[link]

    • Ermit (Ursu) - bass (1999–2007)
    • Nǎval (Vapern) - keyboards (1996–2006), bass (2007)
    • Arioch - bass (2007 - June 2009)
    • Ageru Pământului - percution, traditional instr. (2004 - June 2009)
    • Daniel Dorobanțu - (Thy Veils) - keyboards (1997–1998)
    • Andrei Popa - guitar (September - December 2005)
    • Iedera - keyboards (2005–2006)
    • Necuratul - (Vokodlok) - percussion (2003)
    • Inia Dinia - keyboards (2006 - June 2009)
    • Aiwazz Vallach - keyboards (1995)

    Discography[link]

    Albums[link]

    EPs[link]

    Demos[link]

    • From Transilvanian Forest, 1995

    Live[link]

    • Focul Viu (2011)

    Box Sets[link]

    Related projects/bands[link]

    References[link]

    External links[link]

    http://wn.com/Negură_Bunget




    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negură_Bunget

    This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


    3:30
    Tra­jan's Col­umn / Da­cian Wars Ro­ma­ni­an His­to­ry Da­cians
    Daco­Ge­tia
    9:32
    Roman con­quest of Dacia ( mod­ern day Ro­ma­nia ) part 1/5
    Ro­ma­ni­an­His­to­ry
    5:51
    kan­daon - Codru In­tunecat
    6hel­l6baalzephon6
    2:49
    Geto-Da­cians ''The most Brave and Fair Thra­cian tribe''
    oceanospota­mos
    8:27
    Sabr­toea­s­phali
    Hun­gar­i­an­His­to­ry2
    3:31
    DRA­CO-chipurile de pi­a­tra- Film doc­u­men­tar de­spre an­ticii geto-daci.​Un portret neo­bis­nu­it TRAIL­ER
    fil­maris­i­biu
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    The security of your personal information is important to us. We follow generally accepted industry standards to protect the personal information submitted to us, both during registration and once we receive it. No method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage, is 100 percent secure, however. Therefore, though we strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect your personal information, we cannot guarantee its absolute security.

    If we decide to change our e-mail practices, we will post those changes to this privacy statement, the homepage, and other places we think appropriate so that you are aware of what information we collect, how we use it, and under what circumstances, if any, we disclose it.

    If we make material changes to our e-mail practices, we will notify you here, by e-mail, and by means of a notice on our home page.

    3. Third Party Advertisers

    The advertising banners and other forms of advertising appearing on this Web site are sometimes delivered to you, on our behalf, by a third party. In the course of serving advertisements to this site, the third party may place or recognize a unique cookie on your browser. For more information on cookies, you can visit www.cookiecentral.com.

    4. Business Transfers

    As we continue to develop our business, we might sell certain aspects of our entities or assets. In such transactions, user information, including personally identifiable information, generally is one of the transferred business assets, and by submitting your personal information on Wn.com you agree that your data may be transferred to such parties in these circumstances.