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1973
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Aaron Yonda
Aaron Yonda (born January 19, 1973) is an American comedian, writer, actor, and director from Madison, Wisconsin. He is most notable for playing the role of Chad Vader in Chad Vader: Day Shift Manager, a web serial he co-produces with friend Matt Sloan, who also provides the voice of Chad. Prior to creating Chad Vader, Yonda was known as one of the co-creators of the Madison public access show "The Splu Urtaf Show". He is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.. His short film, The Life and Death of a Pumpkin swept the Chicago Horror Film Festival awards, receiving "Best Short Film" and "Best Concept." Yonda's shorts have screened at festivals worldwide including the Just for Laughs Comedia Festival, and the Worldwide Short Film Festival in Toronto.
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Abebe Bikila
Abebe Bikila (አበበ ቢቂላ) (August 7, 1932 – October 25, 1973) was a two-time Olympic marathon champion from Ethiopia. He was the first black African in history to win a gold medal in the Olympics. A stadium in Addis Ababa is named in his honor.
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Abi Tucker
Abigail Anne Tucker (born 22 January 1973) is an Australian singer-songwriter and actress, best known for acting roles in shows such as Heartbreak High, The Secret Life of Us and ''McLeod's Daughters. She came to public attention as a contestant in the Australian version of New Faces in the early 1990s and soon after landed a role in the spin-off from Australian film The Heartbreak Kid - Heartbreak High. A role in The Secret Life of Us'' gave Tucker exposure as a singer with slots not only on the show plus tracks on spin-off CDs. She starred in the 1999 motion picture comedy The Wog Boy, also starring Nick Giannopoulos, as Celia's sister Annie.
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Adam Copeland
http://wn.com/Adam_Copeland -
Adrian Scott
Robert Adrian Scott (February 6, 1912 – December 25, 1973) was an American screenwriter and film producer. He was one of the Hollywood Ten and later blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses.
http://wn.com/Adrian_Scott -
Adrien Brody
Adrien Brody (born April 14, 1973) is an American actor. He received widespread recognition and subsequent acclaim after starring in Roman Polanski's The Pianist (2002). He is the youngest actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, at 29 years old.
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Adrián Annus
Adrián Annus (born 28 June 1973 in Szeged) is a Hungarian hammer thrower, who was stripped of his gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games in Athens for a doping violation in a highly publicized scandal. The disqualification received heightened attention, as it came on the heels of several drug scandals at the Athens Games and came as Annus' teammate, discus thrower Róbert Fazekas was also stripped of his Olympic title for a drug violation. The incident also received attention, as Annus refused for several months to return his gold medal, relenting only after the International Olympic Committee put pressure on the Hungarian Olympic Committee and threatened sanctions.
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Ahmed Hamdi
”Ahmed Hamdi” (20 May 1929 - 14 October 1973) is an Egyptian engineer. He also was a general of the third army of Egypt, during the Kippur’s war. He was killed while he was crossing the Suez Canal with his soldiers.
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Aishwarya Rai
Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (née Aishwarya Rai, Tulu: ; born 1 November 1973) is an Indian actress and former Miss World. Before starting her acting career, she worked as a model and gained fame after winning the Miss World title in 1994. During her career, Rai has acted in over 40 movies in Hindi, English, Tamil and Bengali, which include a number of international productions.
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Akon
Akon (born Aliaune Badara Akon Thiam), (), is a Senegalese-American R&B; singer-songwriter, rapper, record producer, businessman, and philanthropist.
http://wn.com/Akon -
Alan Bean
Alan LaVern Bean (born March 15, 1932) is a former NASA astronaut and engineer, and became the fourth person to walk on the Moon at the age of thirty-seven years in November 1969.
http://wn.com/Alan_Bean -
Aleksander Tammert
Aleksander Tammert (born 2 February 1973 in Tartu) is an Estonian discus thrower.
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Alexander Beyer
Alexander Beyer (born June 24, 1973) is a German actor.
http://wn.com/Alexander_Beyer -
Alexander Mosolov
Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov () ( – 11 July 1973) was a significant Russian composer of the early Soviet era, known best for his early futurist piano sonatas, orchestral episodes, and vocal music.
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Allan Lane
Allan "Rocky" Lane (September 22, 1909 - October 27, 1973) was a studio leading man and the star of many cowboy B-movies in the 1940s and 1950s. He appeared in more than 125 films and TV shows in a career lasting from 1929 to 1966. He also did the voice of the talking horse on the television series Mister Ed, beginning in 1961.
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Allan Sherman
Allan Sherman (November 30, 1924 – November 20, 1973) was an American comedy writer and television producer who became famous as a song parodist in the early 1960s. His first album, My Son, the Folk Singer (1962), became the fastest-selling record album up to that time. His biggest hit single was "Hello Muddah, Hello Faddah", a comic novelty in which a boy describes his summer camp experiences to the tune of Ponchielli's Dance of the Hours.
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Alyson Court
Alyson Court (born November 9, 1973) is a Canadian actress who first appeared in the 1985 children's film Sesame Street Presents Follow That Bird, and played summer camper Dawn in the animated film the following year. She also played Loonette the Clown, the lead character of the Canadian children's television series, The Big Comfy Couch, from 1993 to 2003. Alyson has also been the only actress to voice Claire Redfield, in the Resident Evil series, having voiced her in Resident Evil 2, ', the CG animation movie ', and . In addition, she returned to the series in 2003, but didn't voice Claire, and instead directed the voice-over and motion capture portions of the spin-off title, .
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Ami Onuki
is a member of the Japanese pop group PUFFY.
http://wn.com/Ami_Onuki -
Anders Björler
Anders Björler (born 26 February 1973) is a musician from Sweden. He is the current lead guitarist for heavy metal band The Haunted, and he was the lead guitarist for the well-known melodic death metal band At the Gates until their breakup. He joined them in his former position on a reunion tour in 2007. He is also a film director and editor, running his own production company.
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Andrew Lincoln
Andrew Lincoln (born 14 September 1973), born Andrew James Clutterbuck, is an English actor, known for his roles in the TV series This Life (as Egg), Teachers and afterlife. He also played the roles of Mark in the film Love Actually and Jonathan in the French hit-film, Heartbreaker. He will also play the lead role in AMC's upcoming television series, The Walking Dead based upon the comic book series of the same name.
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Ann-Kristin Aarønes
http://wn.com/Ann-Kristin_Aarønes -
Anna Magnani
Anna Magnani (pronounced: mahn-YANNI; 7 March 1908 – 26 September 1973) was an Italian stage and film actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress, along with four other international awards, for her portrayal of a Sicilian widow in The Rose Tattoo. Born in Rome to an Egyptian father and an Italian-Jewish mother, she worked her way through Rome's Academy of Dramatic Art by singing at night clubs. During her career, her only child was stricken by Polio when he was 18 months old and remained crippled.
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Annabelle Chvostek
Annabelle Chvostek (born 1973) is a Canadian singer-songwriter based in Montreal. She is known for her rich singing voice, compelling lyrics and genre-spanning musicality, as well as her work with harmony trio The Wailin' Jennys.
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Anne Aubrey
Anne Aubrey (born 1 January 1937 in London) is a British actress.
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Anne, Princess Royal
Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950), is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of her birth, she was third, and later for a few years was second in the line of succession to the thrones of seven independent states; however, after additions to the Royal Family, and an evolution of the Commonwealth, Anne is currently tenth in line to the thrones of 16 countries. She is resident in and most directly involved with the United Kingdom, the oldest realm, while also carrying out duties in and on behalf of the other states of which her mother is sovereign. The seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, Anne is known for her charitable work, being the patron of over 200 organisations, and she carries out about 700 royal engagements and public appearances per year.
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Anne-Marie David
Anne-Marie David (born 23 May 1952) is a French singer. She has the rare, although not unique, distinction of having represented two different countries at the Eurovision Song Contest, with considerable success on both occasions.
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Antero Manninen
Antero Manninen (also known as 'Mr. Cool') is a session musician and former band member of Finnish Cello metal quartet Apocalyptica. He was an official member but did not write the music and left in 1999 due to prior commitments, although he has come back to help the band because they are currently short one member.
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Antti Kasvio
swimmer
http://wn.com/Antti_Kasvio -
Arab
http://wn.com/Arab -
Archibald Cox
Archibald Cox, Jr., (May 17, 1912 – May 29, 2004) was an American lawyer and law professor who served as U.S. Solicitor General under President John F. Kennedy. He became known as the first special prosecutor for the Watergate scandal. During his career, he was a pioneering expert on labor law and also an authority on constitutional law.
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Arjun Atwal
Arjun Singh Atwal (born 20 March 1973) is an Indian professional golfer who has played on the Asian Tour and the European Tour and is the first player born in India to become a member of, and later win on the U.S.-based PGA Tour.
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Arna Bontemps
Arnaud "Arna" Wendell Bontemps (October 13, 1902 - June 4, 1973) was a well-known American poet and a noted member of the Harlem Renaissance. As the librarian at Fisk University, he established important collections of African-American literature and culture, establishing it as an important goal of scholarly study.
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Arthur Fadden
Sir Arthur William Fadden, GCMG (13 April 1894 –21 April 1973) was an Australian politician and, briefly, the 13th Prime Minister of Australia.
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Arthur Freed
Arthur Freed (September 9, 1894 – April 12, 1973) was born Arthur Grossman in Charleston, South Carolina. He was an American lyricist and a Hollywood film producer.
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Asger Jorn
Asger Oluf Jorn (3 March 1914–1 May 1973) was a Danish painter, sculptor, ceramic artist, and author. He was a founding member of the Situationist International and COBRA (avant-garde movement). He was born in Vejrum, in the northwest corner of Jutland, Denmark and baptized Asger Oluf Jørgensen.
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Asia Carrera
Asia Carrera is a former American pornographic actress.
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Assia (singer)
Assia is a French-born singer with Kabyle origins (born on November 1, 1973, in Algiers). Her albums mixed French variety, r&b;, and oriental music. She had a great success with her hit singles "Elle est à toi" and "Là-bas".
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Ato Boldon
athlete
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Augusto Pinochet
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean army general and president who assumed power in a coup d'état on 11 September 1973. Among his titles, he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean army from 1973 to 1998, president of the Government Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1974 and President of the Republic from 1974 until transferring power to a democratically elected president in 1990.
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Ben-Zion Dinur
Ben-Zion Dinur (, born Ben-Zion Dinaburg on 2 January 1884, died 8 July 1973) was a Zionist activist, educator, historian and Israeli politician.
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Betty Field
Betty Field (February 8, 1913 – September 13, 1973) was an American film and stage actress. Through her father, she was a direct descendant of the Pilgrims John Alden and Priscilla Mullins.
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Betty Grable
Betty Grable (December 18, 1916 – July 2, 1973) was an American actress, dancer and singer.
http://wn.com/Betty_Grable -
Beverly Turner
http://wn.com/Beverly_Turner -
Billie Jean King
Billie Jean King (née Moffitt; born November 22, 1943 in Long Beach, California) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. She won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, 16 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and 11 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. King has been an advocate against sexism in sports and society. She is known for "The Battle of the Sexes" in 1973, in which she defeated Bobby Riggs, a former Wimbledon men's singles champion.
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Bobby Darin
Bobby Darin (May 14, 1936 – December 20, 1973), born Walden Robert Perciville Cassotto, was a two-time Grammy award winning American singer, Oscar nominated actor and accomplished musician.
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Bobby Riggs
Robert Larimore "Bobby" Riggs (February 25, 1918 – October 25, 1995) was a 1930s–40s tennis player who was the World No. 1 or the co-World No. 1 player for three years, first as an amateur in 1941, then as a professional in 1946 and 1947. He played his first professional tennis match on December 26, 1941.
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Bonnie Pink
, known by her stage name, , is a Japanese singer/songwriter. She lived in New York during 1998 and speaks English (many of her songs are entirely in English). She writes and composes all her songs, and plays guitar and piano. Kaori Asada has said that the name Bonnie Pink is random and that she thought the words were cute together. There is no special meaning behind the name; she chose it because it was easy to remember.
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Brad Martin
Brad Martin (born May 3, 1973 in Greenfield, Ohio) is an American country music artist. He made his debut on the American country music scene in 2002 with the release of his debut album Wings of a Honky-Tonk Angel, which produced a Top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts in the single "Before I Knew Better". The album's second single and a followup for an unreleased album both failed to reach Top 40, and Martin was dropped from Epic.
http://wn.com/Brad_Martin -
Bruce Lee
Bruce Lee (, born Lee Jun-fan (); – ) was a Chinese American and Hong Kong actor, martial arts instructor, philosopher, film director, film producer, screenwriter, and founder of the Jeet Kune Do martial arts movement. He is considered one of the most influential martial artists of the 20th century, and a cultural icon.
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Carlo Cudicini
Carlo Cudicini (born 6 September 1973 in Milan) is an Italian goalkeeper who currently plays for English Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur. He is the son of former AC Milan goalkeeper Fabio Cudicini and grandson of Circolo Sportivo Ponziana 1912 defender Guglielmo Cudicini.
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Carolyn Murphy
Carolyn Murphy (born on August 11, 1973) is an American model and actress.
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Carson Daly
Carson Jones Daly (born June 22, 1973) is an American television host. He is the host of NBC's Last Call with Carson Daly, a late-night talk show that began airing on January 7, 2002. Before his role as host of that program, Daly was a VJ on MTV's TRL, and a DJ for the Southern California based radio station KROQ. He has also hosted several notable specials including "Macy's 4th of July Spectacular" on NBC and "NBC's New Years Eve with Carson Daly". He also co-founded an independent record label named 456 Entertainment. He is now a DJ/talk show host on 97.1 AMP Radio in Southern California.
http://wn.com/Carson_Daly -
Cathy Freeman
Catherine Astrid Salome Freeman, OAM (known as Cathy Freeman) (born 16 February 1973) is an Australian Aboriginal sprinter who is particularly associated with the 400 metres race. She became the Olympic champion for 400 m in the 2000 Sydney games, at which she lit the Olympic Flame. Freeman was born in Slade Point, Mackay, Queensland, where the local athletics track is now named after her.
http://wn.com/Cathy_Freeman -
Ceca Raznatovic
http://wn.com/Ceca_Raznatovic -
Cecil Kellaway
Cecil Kellaway (August 22, 1893 - February 28, 1973) was a South African-born character actor.
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Chan Ho Park
Chan Ho Park (, born June 30, 1973) is a Major League Baseball relief pitcher with the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was the first South Korean-born player in major league history.
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Chic Young
Murat Bernard "Chic" Young (January 9, 1901March 14, 1973) was an American cartoonist known primarily as the creator and original artist of the comic strip Blondie. His 1919 William McKinley High School Yearbook cites his nickname as Chicken, source of his familiar pen name signature.
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Chino Moreno
Chino Moreno (born Camillo Wong Moreno June 20, 1973) is an American musician. He is the lead singer and contributing guitarist of Deftones and Team Sleep. He is well known for his distinctive inhale screams, as well as his soothing voice when singing melodically.
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Chris Kilmore
Chris Kilmore (born 21 January 1973) is an American DJ. He is the turntablist and keyboardist of the rock band Incubus.
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Chris Parks
http://wn.com/Chris_Parks -
Chris Webber
Mayce Edward Christopher Webber, III (born March 1, 1973, in Detroit, Michigan), better known as Chris Webber and nicknamed C-Webb, is a retired American professional basketball player. He is a five-time NBA All-Star, a former All-NBA First Teamer, a former NBA Rookie of the Year, and a former #1 overall NBA Draftee. As a collegian, he was an NCAA Men's Basketball first team All-American and led the University of Michigan Wolverines' 1991 incoming freshman class known as the Fab Five that reached the 1992 & 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores. However, Webber was indicted by a federal grand jury, and stripped of his All-American honors by the NCAA, as a result of his direct involvement in the Ed Martin scandal. He is also a former National High School Basketball Player of the Year who led his high school Detroit Country Day to three Michigan State High School Basketball Championships.
http://wn.com/Chris_Webber -
Christian Borle
Christian Borle (born October 1, 1973) is an American actor. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Borle has been primarily featured as an actor in Broadway productions.
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Claude Makélélé
Claude Makélelé Sinda (; born 18 February 1973) is a French international football player who currently plays as a defensive midfielder for Paris Saint-Germain in Ligue 1. Prior to joining Paris Saint-Germain, Makélélé played for Nantes, Olympique de Marseille, Celta Vigo, Real Madrid, and Chelsea.
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Cleo Moore
Cleouna "Cleo" Moore (October 31, 1928 – October 28, 1973) was an American actress, usually seen in the role of a blonde bombshell, in 1950s Hollywood films.
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Constance Talmadge
Constance Talmadge (April 19, 1898 - November 23, 1973) was a silent movie star born in Brooklyn, New York, USA, and was the sister of fellow actresses Norma Talmadge and Natalie Talmadge.
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Corey Taylor
Corey Taylor, (born December 8, 1973 in Des Moines, Iowa) sometimes known by his number #8, is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist and songwriter of American heavy metal bands Slipknot and Stone Sour. Taylor was raised by his single mother. He developed a fond feeling toward classic rock after his grandmother introduced him to it. Taylor first met his father on March 28, 2005, and the two have developed a strong relationship. He currently has a wife, an ex-wife, and two children. By the release of Stone Sour's Come What(ever) May, he was sober. On August 3, 2009 and July 29, 2010 he co-hosted the Kerrang! Awards alongside Scott Ian of Anthrax and The Damned Things. He has stated in numerous interviews that he loves Gibson guitars , and has recorded videos on behalf of the Gibson Association. When playing solo or with Stone Sour, he frequently uses Gibsons.
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Crane Wilbur
Crane Wilbur (November 17, 1886 - October 18, 1973) was an American writer, actor and director for stage, radio and screen. He was born in Athens, New York. He died in Toluca Lake, California.
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Crispian Mills
Crispian Mills/ Krishna Kantha Dasa (born 18 January 1973 as Crispian John David Boulting; also known as 'Dodge') is an English singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is the son of actress Hayley Mills and director Roy Boulting, the grandson of John Mills and Mary Hayley Bell (Lady Mills), nephew of Juliet Mills and Jonathan Mills, and half-brother to Jason "Ace" Lawson. He has been married to the model Joanne Mills (née Branfoot) since 1995. They currently reside in Bath with their son, Keshava.
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Cuauhtémoc Blanco
Cuauhtémoc Blanco Bravo (born January 17, 1973) is a Mexican professional footballer currently signed for Irapuato in the Mexican Liga de Ascenso.
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Damian Jackson
Damian Jacques Jackson (born August 16, 1973 in Los Angeles, California) is a major league second baseman who currently plays for the Orange County Flyers of the independent Golden Baseball League . He bats and throws right-handed.
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Dan Swanö
Dan Swanö (born 10 March 1973, in Finspång, Sweden), is a Multi-instrumentalist and Swedish music producer, regarded as influential in the underground death metal, progressive metal, and progressive rock communities.
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Dana Snyder
Dana Snyder (born November 14, 1973) is an American voice actor who is best known for playing Master Shake on the Aqua Teen Hunger Force show, and the film Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters, both part of Cartoon Network's Adult Swim franchise. Snyder can also be recognized as the voice of Gazpacho on the Cartoon Network series, Chowder and the voice of "Granny" Cuyler on the Adult Swim series, Squidbillies.
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Danny Lloyd
Danny Lloyd (born January 1, 1973) is an American former child actor.
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Dario Franchitti
George Dario Marino Franchitti (born 19 May 1973) is a British racing driver of Italian descent. He formerly competed in the CART series before switching to the IndyCar Series where he was 2007 champion, and won the rain-shortened 2007 Indianapolis 500. Franchitti is also a former NASCAR driver for Chip Ganassi Racing, competing until mid-2008 when his team shut down. Franchitti returned to the IndyCar Series for the 2009 season, driving the #10 Target Honda/Dallara for Target Chip Ganassi Racing.
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Darren Campbell
athlete
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Darryl Brown
Darryl Brown (born 18 December 1973, McBean, Trinidad) is a former West Indian cricketer who played three ODIs in 2001-02.
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Darryl White
Darryl White (born 12 June 1973) is an Australian rules footballer whose career with the Brisbane Bears and Lions in the Australian Football League lasted from 1992 to 2005.
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Dave Chappelle
David Khari Webber "Dave" Chappelle (; born August 24, 1973) is an American comedian, screenwriter, television/film producer and actor. Chappelle began his film career in the film in 1993 and continued to star in minor roles in the films The Nutty Professor, Con Air, and Blue Streak. His first lead role in a film was in Half Baked in 1998. In 2003, he became widely known for his popular sketch comedy television series, ''Chappelle's Show'', which ran until 2006. Comedy Central ranked him forty-third in its list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians.
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David Ben-Gurion
(, born David Grün on 16 October 1886, died 1 December 1973) was the first Prime Minister of Israel and a Zionist leader. Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, culminated in his instrumental role in the founding of the state of Israel. After leading Israel to victory in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Ben-Gurion helped build the state institutions and oversaw the absorption of vast numbers of Jews from all over the world. Upon retiring from political life in 1970, he moved to Sde Boker, a kibbutz in the Negev desert, where he lived until his death. Posthumously, Ben-Gurion was named one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century.
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David Blaine
David Blaine (born David Blaine White; April 4, 1973) is an American illusionist and endurance artist. He is best known for his high-profile feats of endurance, and has made his name as a performer of street and close-up magic. He has set and broken several world records. Theatre owner James Nederlander as well as The New York Times have referred to Blaine as a modern day Houdini. Blaine was born David Blaine White in Brooklyn, New York and is of Puerto Rican descent on his father's side, and Russian Jewish on his mother's. His mother, Patrice Maureen White (1946–1995), was a school teacher living in New York, and his father William Perez was a Vietnam veteran. When he was four years old, he saw a magician performing magic on the subway. This sparked an interest in Blaine. He was raised by his single mother and attended many schools in Brooklyn. When he was ten years old, his mother married John Bukalo and they moved to Little Falls, New Jersey, where he attended Passaic Valley Regional High School. He has a half-brother named Michael James Bukalo. When he was 17 years old, Blaine moved to Manhattan, New York.
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David Draiman
David Michael Draiman (born March 13, 1973) is a songwriter and the lead singer for the metal band Disturbed, from Chicago, Illinois. Draiman is known for his distorted voice and rhythmic singing style.
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Dayanand Bandodkar
Dayanand Bandodkar (March 12, 1911 – August 12, 1973) was the first Chief Minister of Goa after the territory was returned to India by Portugal. A wealthy mine owner, he sought to merge the territory with the state of Maharashtra. After his request to gain 18 out of 28 candidates for a merger with Maharashtra was denied by the Congress party, he formed his own Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. He swept the polls in 1963, 1967 and in 1972 and remained in power until his death in 1973.
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Dean Corll
Dean Arnold Corll (December 24, 1939 – August 8, 1973) was an American serial killer who, together with two younger accomplices named David Brooks and Elmer Wayne Henley, committed the Houston Mass Murders in Houston, Texas. The trio are believed to be responsible for the murders of at least 27 boys, the crimes coming to light only when Corll was shot and killed by one of his accomplices: Elmer Wayne Henley.
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Dejan Bodiroga
Dejan Bodiroga (Serbian Cyrillic: Дејан Бодирога; born March 2, 1973 in Zrenjanin, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a retired Serbian professional basketball player.
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Demetri Martin
Demetri Martin (born May 25, 1973) is an American comedian, actor, artist, musician, writer and humorist. Martin is best known for his work as a standup comedian, contributor on The Daily Show and for his Comedy Central show Important Things with Demetri Martin.
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Deng Yaping
Deng Yaping (Simplified Chinese: 邓亚萍; Traditional Chinese: 鄧亞萍; born February 5, 1973 in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China) is a Chinese table tennis player, who won six world championships and four Olympic championships between 1989 and 1997. She is regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport.
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Derek Lowe
Derek Christopher Lowe (born June 1, 1973, in Dearborn, Michigan) is a Major League Baseball starting pitcher for the Atlanta Braves. He throws and bats right-handed. He is 6'6" and 230 pounds.
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Dermot O'Leary
'''Dermot O'Leary (born Seán Dermot Fintan O'Leary, Jr.''' on 24 May 1973) is an Irish television and radio presenter, who has had a hugely successful career in the United Kingdom. O'Leary established himself as a fixture on British television screens as presenter of ''Big Brother's Little Brother on Channel 4 and has since moved on to The X Factor'' over on ITV. He has also presented on the BBC and has his own radio show on BBC Radio 2.
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Derren Nesbitt
Derren Nesbitt (born Derren Horwitz 19 June 1935) is an English actor. Possibly his best known role was as SS Major von Hapen in Where Eagles Dare.
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Diana Sands
Diana Sands (August 22, 1934September 21, 1973) was an American dramatic actress, perhaps most famous for her portrayal of Beneatha Younger, the sister of Sidney Poitier's character in the original film version of Lorraine Hansberry's Raisin in the Sun (1961). She also appeared in a number of dramatic television series in the sixties and seventies such as I Spy and Julia. Sands also co-starred with Alan Alda in the original Broadway production of The Owl and the Pussycat (1964), later filmed with Barbra Streisand and George Segal.
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Dick Taverne
Dick Taverne, Baron Taverne, QC, (born 18 October 1928) is an English politician, who is one of the small number of members of the British House of Commons elected since the Second World War who was not the candidate of a major political party. In the 1970s, as a Labour Member of Parliament (MP), he was dissatisfied with the party's political direction, so he left Labour and resigned his seat, forcing a by-election which he won.
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Dimitrios Ioannidis
Dimitrios Ioannidis (, 13 March 1923 – 16 August 2010), also known as Dimitris Ioannidis, was a Greek military officer and one of the leading figures in the Greek military junta of 1967–1974.
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Donald Wetzel
Donald C. Wetzel is an American engineer, known for holding the USA patent to the automatic teller machine.
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Dory Funk
Dorrance Wilhelm "Dory" Funk (May 4, 1919 – June 3, 1973) was a professional wrestler. He is the father of wrestlers Dory Funk, Jr. and Terry Funk.
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Dudley Foster
Dudley Foster (7 August 1924 in Brighouse, Yorkshire – 8 January 1973 in London) was an English actor most notable on TV. He appeared in such series as Danger Man, The Saint, The Avengers, Steptoe and Son, Doctor Who (The Space Pirates), and Z Cars, often in villainous roles. He occasionally appeared in films. He was notable for his sharp facial features and curiously piercing eyes. His early death was the result of a suicide.
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E. F. Schumacher
Ernst Friedrich "Fritz" Schumacher (16 August 1911 – 4 September 1977) was an internationally influential economic thinker with a professional background as a statistician and economist in Britain. He served as Chief Economic Advisor to the UK National Coal Board for two decades. His ideas became well-known in much of the English-speaking world during the 1970s. He is best known for his critique of Western economies and his proposals for human-scale, decentralized and appropriate technologies. According to The Times Literary Supplement, his 1973 book Small Is Beautiful is among the 100 most influential books published since World War II. It was soon translated into many languages and brought him international fame. After this he was invited to many international conferences, university guest speaker lectures and consultations. Schumacher's basic development theories have been summed up in the catch-phrases Intermediate Size and Intermediate Technology. His other notable work is the 1977 A Guide For The Perplexed, which is a critique of materialist scientism and an exploration of the nature and organization of knowledge. Together with long-time friends and associates like Professor Mansur Hoda, Schumacher founded the Intermediate Technology Development Group (now Practical Action) in 1966.
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Eddie Condon
Albert Edwin Condon (16 November 1905 – 4 August 1973), better known as Eddie Condon, was a jazz banjoist, guitarist, and bandleader. A leading figure in the so-called "Chicago school" of early Dixieland, he also played piano and sang on occasion.
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Eddie George
Edward Nathan George, Jr. (born September 24, 1973) is a former American football running back in the National Football League. He played for the Tennessee Titans both in Tennessee and in Houston when the franchise was known as the Houston Oilers, and spent his final season with the Dallas Cowboys. He is best known for his career with the Titans and as a Heisman Trophy winner at Ohio State University in 1995.
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Edgar Davids
Edgar Steven Davids (born 13 March 1973) is a Dutch professional footballer currently playing for Crystal Palace. After beginning his professional career with Ajax, he played for AC Milan, Juventus, Barcelona, Inter Milan and Tottenham Hotspur before returning to the Amsterdam club. After two years out of competitive football, Davids signed for English side Crystal Palace in 2010.
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Edmund A. Chester
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Edward Heath
Sir Edward Richard George "Ted" Heath, KG, MBE (9 July 1916 – 17 July 2005) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1970–1974) and as Leader of the Conservative Party (1965–1975). He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1950-2001.
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Edward Steichen
Edward J. Steichen (March 27, 1879 – March 25, 1973) was an American photographer, painter, and art gallery and museum curator. He was the most frequently featured photographer in Alfred Stieglitz' groundbreaking magazine Camera Work during its run from 1903 to 1917. Steichen also contributed the logo design and a custom typeface to the magazine. In partnership with Steiglitz, Steichen opened the "Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession", which was eventually known as 291, after its address. This gallery presented among the first American exhibitions of (among others) Henri Matisse, Auguste Rodin, Paul Cézanne, Pablo Picasso, and Constantin Brâncuşi. Steichen's photos of gowns designed by couturier Paul Poiret in the magazine Art et Décoration in 1911 are regarded as the first modern fashion photographs ever published. Serving in the US Army in World War I (and the US Navy in the Second World War), he commanded significant units contributing to military photography. He was a photographer for the Condé Nast magazines Vogue and Vanity Fair from 1923–1938, and concurrently worked for many advertising agencies including J. Walter Thompson. During these years Steichen was regarded as the best known and highest paid photographer in the world. Steichen directed the war documentary The Fighting Lady, which won the 1945 Academy Award for Best Documentary. After World War II he was Director of the Department of Photography at New York's Museum of Modern Art until 1962. While at MoMA, in 1955 he curated and assembled the exhibit The Family of Man. The exhibit eventually traveled to sixty-nine countries, was seen by nine million people, and sold two and a half million copies of a companion book. In 1962, Steichen hired John Szarkowski to be his successor at the Museum of Modern Art.
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Elizabeth Bowen
Elizabeth Dorothea Cole Bowen, CBE (7 June 1899 – 22 February 1973) was an Anglo-Irish novelist and short story writer.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
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Elliot Richardson
Elliot Lee Richardson (July 20, 1920 December 31, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician who was a member of the cabinet of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. As U.S. Attorney General, he was a prominent figure in the Watergate Scandal, and resigned rather than refuse President Nixon's order to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox.
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Elvis Presley
Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was one of the most popular American singers of the 20th century. A cultural icon, he is widely known by the single name Elvis. He is often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or simply "the King".
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Emanuel Rego
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Emile Christian
Emile Joseph Christian (New Orleans April 20, 1895 – December 3, 1973 in New Orleans) (sometimes spelled Emil Christian) was an early jazz trombonist; he also played cornet and string bass.
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Emma Cunniffe
Emma Cunniffe (born 3 July 1973 in Chester, England) is a British film, stage and television actress.
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Eric Lindros
Eric Bryan Lindros (; born February 28, 1973) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. Lindros played junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) for the Oshawa Generals prior to being selected first overall in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the Quebec Nordiques. Lindros refused to play for the Nordiques and was eventually traded to the Philadelphia Flyers for a package of players and draft picks including Peter Forsberg. During his OHL career, Lindros led the Generals to a Memorial Cup victory, as Canadian Hockey League (CHL) in 1990. Prior to being drafted in 1991, Lindros captured the Red Tilson Trophy as the Most Outstanding Player in the OHL, and also captured the CHL Player of the Year.
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Eric Moulds
Eric Shannon Moulds (born July 17, 1973 in Lucedale, Mississippi) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills 24th overall in the 1996 NFL Draft. He played college football at Mississippi State. He was later named to the Buffalo Bills all time team.
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Ernest Truex
Ernest Truex (September 19, 1889, Kansas City, Missouri – June 26, 1973, Fallbrook, California) was an American actor of stage and film.
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Ernst Otto Fischer
Ernst Otto Fischer (November 10, 1918 – July 23, 2007) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in the area of organometallic chemistry.
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Fabio Cannavaro
Football biography 2
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Fahri Korutürk
Fahri Korutürk (3 August 1903– 12 October 1987) was a Turkish navy officer, diplomat and the sixth President of Turkey.
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Faith Evans
Faith Renée Evans (born June 10, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actress and author. Born in Lakeland, Florida, and raised in Newark, New Jersey, Evans moved to Los Angeles in 1993 for a career in the music business. After working as a backing vocalist for Al B. Sure, and Christopher Williams, she became the first female artist to be signed to Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs' Bad Boy Entertainment label in 1994, on which she released three platinum-certified studio albums between the years of 1995 and 2001. In 2003, she left the label to sign with Capitol Records.She released one studio album and a christmas compilation on the label before leaving and signing with E1 Entertainment in 2009.
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Fay Holden
Fay Holden (September 26, 1893 – June 23, 1973), was an British-born American-based actress. She was known as Gaby Fay early in her career.
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Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was 10th President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives (1949–1959) and a member of the Philippine Senate (1959–1965). He was Senate President in 1963. He claimed to have led a guerrilla force called Ang Maharlika in northern Luzon during the Second World War, something much doubted however to be true. As Philippine president and strongman, his greatest achievement was in the fields of infrastructure development and international diplomacy. However, his administration was marred by massive authoritarian corruption, despotism, nepotism, political repression, and human rights violations. He benefited from a large personality cult in the Philippines during his regime. In 1983, his government was implicated in the assassination of his primary political opponent, Benigno Aquino, Jr.. The implication caused a chain of events, including a tainted presidential election that served as the catalyst for the People Power Revolution in February 1986 that led to his removal from power and eventual exile in Hawaii. It was later alleged that he and his wife Imelda Marcos had moved billions of dollars of embezzled public funds to the United States, Switzerland, and other countries, as well as into alleged corporations during his 20 years in power.
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Filippo Inzaghi
Filippo "Pippo" Inzaghi, Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI (born 9 August 1973 in Piacenza) is an Italian World Cup and UEFA Champions League-winning footballer who plays for Serie A club Milan.
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Forbes March
Forbes March (born May 12, 1973) is a British-born Canadian actor. Although born in Bristol, South West England, he was raised in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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Fred Deburghgraeve
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Fredrik Larzon
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Fulgencio Batista
Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban President, dictator, and military leader closely aligned with and supported by the United States. He served as the leader of Cuba from 1933–1944, and 1952–1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution.
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Gabriel Voisin
Gabriel Voisin (February 5, 1880 – December 25, 1973) was among aviation's earliest pioneers (1903) and the creator of Europe's first engine powered, heavier-than-air flying machine capable of a sustained circular ( 1 km) controlled flight, including take-off and landing. It was flown by Henry Farman on January 13, 1908 near Paris, France. Later on, Gabriel Voisin became a major producer of military aircraft, notably the Voisin III, during World War I. Finally, he designed and built exceptional automobiles bearing the name Avions Voisin, during the 1920s and 1930s.
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Gackt
is a Japanese musician, actor and author. Usually referred to by his mononymous stage name, he is known for his career as a solo artist and as the former vocalist for the now-defunct band Malice Mizer.
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Gareth Ainsworth
Gareth Ainsworth (born 10 May 1973) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Wycombe Wanderers. His former clubs include Queens Park Rangers, where he has spent two spells as caretaker manager, and Cardiff City.
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Gene Krupa
Gene Krupa (January 15, 1909 – October 16, 1973) was an influential American jazz and big band drummer and composer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style.
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Geoffrey Wilkinson
Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis.
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George Foreman
George Edward Foreman (born January 10, 1949) is an American two-time former World Heavyweight Boxing Champion, Olympic gold medalist, ordained Baptist minister, author and successful entrepreneur.
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George Gregan
George Waitoa Gregan AM (born 19 April 1973 in Lusaka, Zambia) is an Australian rugby union halfback who has made more appearances for his national team than any other player in the sport's history. He has captained the team to many victories and he is respected throughout the rugby world for his tenacity, tactical skill, leadership ability, and sportsmanship. Regrettably he is known in Australia for his mean spirited nature and was considered by some a selfish player who put his career before the interests of his teams.
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George Papadopoulos
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George Steinbrenner
George Michael Steinbrenner III (July 4, 1930 – July 13, 2010) was principal owner and managing partner of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees. During Steinbrenner's 37-year ownership from 1973 to his death in July 2010, the longest in club history, the Yankees earned 7 World Series titles and 11 pennants. His outspokenness and role in driving up player salaries made him one of the sport's most controversial figures. Steinbrenner was also involved in the Great Lakes shipping industry.
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Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he also became the only President of the United States who was elected neither President nor Vice-President.
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Glenn Strange
Glenn Strange (August 16, 1899 – September 20, 1973) was an American actor who appeared mostly in Western films. He is best known for playing the Frankenstein Monster in three Universal films during the 1940s and for his role as Sam Noonan, the bartender on CBS's Gunsmoke television series. Strange was of Irish and Cherokee Indian descent and was a cousin of the Western film star and narrator Rex Allen.
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Gloria Yip
Gloria Yip Wan-Yee (, born January 13, 1973 in Hong Kong, the elder of two sisters and daughter of prominent businessman Yip Shao) is a Hong Kong actress and singer of Guangdong ancestry, best known for her four films with director Lam Ngai Kai, and to Western audiences, her "special appearance" in Lam's and principal supporting role in the cult classic Saviour of the Soul. Among her more frequent collaborators are Yuen Biao, Lai Kai Ming, and Wong Jing. Her early roles were primarily cute and comedic, while her more recent, post-divorce roles, have primarily been dramatic.
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Gorden Tallis
Gorden James Tallis (born 27 July 1973 in Townsville, Queensland) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played from 1992 to 2004. He captained Australia and Queensland as well as Brisbane Broncos club, with whom he won three premierships and one Clive Churchill Medal. Nicknamed the "Raging Bull" for his on-field aggression, at the peak of his career Tallis was considered as the best second-row forward in the world and in 2008 was named in an Indigenous Australian rugby league team of the century. He is currently a commentator and pundit for the Fox Sports network, as well as an NRL Board Member. Tallis was a member of the Board Of Directors for the North Queensland Cowboys and is now forwards coach of the South Sydney Rabbitohs.
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Graham Robertson
Graham Robertson is an American filmmaker and author. A native of Denver, Colorado, Robertson studied film at the College of Santa Fe in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Shortly thereafter, he found his way into the motion picture industry via set decoration and the art department working on numerous television series and feature films.
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Gram Parsons
Gram Parsons (November 5, 1946 – September 19, 1973) was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and pianist. Parsons is best known for his work within the country genre; he also mixed blues, folk, and rock to create what he called "Cosmic American Music". Besides recording as a solo artist, he also worked in several notable bands, including the International Submarine Band, The Byrds and The Flying Burrito Brothers. His career, though short, is described by Allmusic as "enormously influential" for both country and rock, "blending the two genres to the point that they became indistinguishable from each other."
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Greg de Vries
Greg de Vries (born January 4, 1973 in Sundridge, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman, who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). With over 800 games of experience spanning 6 teams, De Vries most notably won the Stanley Cup with the Colorado Avalanche in 2000–01 season.
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Greg Rusedski
Gregory "Greg" Rusedski (born 6 September 1973, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a British Canadian former tennis player who turned professional in 1991, and played until his retirement on 7 April 2007, at the age of 33. He is a former British number one and ATP World number 4.
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Greg Vaughan
James Gregory Vaughan, Jr (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor.
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Gunn-Rita Dahle
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Gustavo Assis-Brasil
Gustavo Assis-Brasil (born February 22, 1973) is a Brazilian jazz guitarist. Based in Boston, he is considered a major pioneer in organizing the study and development of the hybrid picking technique, for guitar. In 1999 he received a full scholarship to get his Master's degree at Berklee College of Music and The Boston Conservatory. His main teachers were Mick Goodrick, Wayne Krantz, Ed Tomassi, Dave Fiuczynski, Rick Peckham, and Larry Baione. He has also studied with Charlie Banacos, and Prasanna. In 2005, Gustavo released the book Hybrid Picking for Guitar. This book is the first method entirely dedicated to the art of combining pick and fingers to play the guitar.
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H.R. Haldeman
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Hande Yener
Hande Yener (born January 12, 1973 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish pop singer. Over the past decade, she has introduced different styles to the ever expanding, Turkish pop music scenery. Each one of her albums has managed to generate a lot of interest as well as anticipation due to the different styles, genres and rhythms that she incorporates into her music. Besides the different experiments Hande tackles with music, her looks and image are also going through a constant change which arguably, blends in well with the sort of music she releases at the time. Hande was nominated for Best Turkish Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2008, only to be beaten by Emre Aydın.
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Hans D Jensen
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Hans Kelsen
Hans Kelsen (October 11, 1881 – April 19, 1973) was an Austrian jurist and legal philosopher. He has been regarded as one of the most important legal scholars of the 20th century.
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Harold B. Lee
Harold Bingham Lee (March 28, 1899 – December 26, 1973) was eleventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from July 1972 until his death.
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Heidi Klum
Heidi Samuel (born June 1, 1973), better known by her birth name Heidi Klum, is a German American model, actress, television host, business woman, fashion designer, television producer, artist, and occasional singer. She is married to British singer Seal.
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Henry Darger
Henry Joseph Darger, Jr. (ca. April 12, 1892 – April 13, 1973) was a reclusive American writer and artist who worked as a custodian in Chicago, Illinois. He has become famous for his posthumously discovered 15,145-page, single-spaced fantasy manuscript called The Story of the Vivian Girls, in What is known as the Realms of the Unreal, of the Glandeco-Angelinnian War Storm, Caused by the Child Slave Rebellion, along with several hundred drawings and watercolor paintings illustrating the story. Darger's work has become one of the most celebrated examples of outsider art.
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Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (; born May 27, 1923) is a German-born American political scientist, diplomat, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought out by many following presidents.
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Hiromu Arakawa
is a Japanese manga artist from Hokkaidō. Her renowned manga, Fullmetal Alchemist, became a hit both domestically and internationally, and was later adapted into two television anime series. She often portrays herself as a bespectacled cow.
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Holly Marie Combs
Holly Marie Combs (born December 3, 1973) is an American film and television actress and producer whose roles have included a portrayal in Charmed as Piper Halliwell and another in Picket Fences, where she received a Young Artist Award for her role, as Kimberly Brock. She stars in the ABC Family original series Pretty Little Liars as Ella Montgomery. She was in the movie, Sins Of Silence.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Howie Dorough
Howard Dwaine "Howie" Dorough (born August 22, 1973) is an American musician and the oldest member of the Backstreet Boys since Kevin Richardson left in 2006.
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Héctor José Cámpora
Héctor José Cámpora Demaestre (March 26, 1909December 18, 1980) was president of Argentina from 25 May until 13 July 1973.
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Ian Paisley
Ian Richard Kyle Paisley, Baron Bannside, PC (born 6 April 1926) is a politician and church minister in Northern Ireland. As the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), the largest single grouping in the 2007 elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly, he was elected First Minister with Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness as deputy First Minister on 8 May 2007.
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Ichiro Suzuki
, often known simply as , nicknamed "Ichi" & "The Hits Man", (born October 22, 1973, in Kasugai, Nishikasugai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan) is a Major League Baseball right fielder for the Seattle Mariners. Ichiro has established a number of batting records, including the sport's single-season record for base hits with 262. He has had ten consecutive 200-hit seasons, the longest streak by any player, surpassing Wee Willie Keeler's streak of eight. Pete Rose, who had ten non-consecutive 200-hit seasons, is the only player with the same amount as Ichiro.
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Ids Postma
MedalCountry|the
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Ilana Sod
Ilana Sod (born February 3, 1973 in Mexico City, Mexico) is currently MTV Latin America's Newscaster and Editor-in-Chief for Public affairs programming. She is also a weekly columnist for the Mexican newspaper Excélsior and contributor for in the metropolitan area of DF.
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Inge de Bruijn
swimmer
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Ingeborg Bachmann
Ingeborg Bachmann (25 June 1926 – 17 October 1973) was an Austrian poet and author.
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Ioan Gruffudd
Ioan Gruffudd (; born 6 October 1973) is a Welsh actor.
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Irene Ryan
Irene Ryan (October 17, 1902 – April 26, 1973) was an American actress, one of the few entertainers who found success in vaudeville, radio, film, television and Broadway.
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İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" (National Chief).
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Ivar Giaever
Ivar Giaever (Giæver, born April 5, 1929 in Bergen, Norway) is a physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson "for their discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in solids". Giaever's share of the prize was specifically for his "experimental discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in... superconductors". Giaever is an institute professor emeritus at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a professor-at-large at the University of Oslo, and the president of Applied Biophysics.
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J. Carrol Naish
Joseph Patrick Carrol Naish (January 21, 1896 – January 24, 1973) was an American character actor born in New York City, New York. Naish did many film roles, but they were eclipsed when he found fame in the title role of radio's Life with Luigi (1948–1953), which surpassed Bob Hope in the 1950 ratings.
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J. R. R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, CBE (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973), who pronounced his surname was a South African-born English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor, best known as the author of the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion.
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Jacek Bąk
Jacek Bąk (; born 24 March 1973 in Lublin) is a retired Polish footballer. He had made 96 appearances for the Poland national football team.
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Jack Davenport
Jack Davenport (born 1 March 1973) is an English actor, best known for his roles in the television series This Life, Coupling and the Pirates of the Caribbean series of films. He has also appeared in many other Hollywood films such as The Talented Mr. Ripley. More recently, Davenport was part of the ensemble cast of characters in the drama series FlashForward.
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Jack Hawkins
Colonel John Edward "Jack" Hawkins CBE (14 September 1910 - 18 July 1973) was an English film actor of the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s.
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Jack Lousma
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Jalen Rose
Jalen Anthony Rose (born January 30, 1973 in Detroit, Michigan) is a retired American professional basketball player. In college, he was a member of the University of Michigan Wolverines' "Fab Five" (along with Chris Webber, Juwan Howard, Jimmy King and Ray Jackson) that reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games as both Freshmen and Sophomores. Rose's biological father Jimmy Walker was a former #1 overall pick who started in the backcourt alongside Jerry West in an NBA All-Star game at one point in his career. Walker died in July 2007 of lung cancer. Although they eventually spoke several times over the phone, Rose never met his father in person.
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James Beck
Stanley James Carroll Beck (21 February 1929 – 6 August 1973) was an English actor best remembered for his role as Private Joe Walker, the cockney spiv in the popular BBC sitcom ''Dad's Army''. The cast was mainly composed of older actors, but Beck was one of the younger members.
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James Blunt
James Blunt (born James Hillier Blount; 22 February 1974) is the stage name adopted by the Grammy Award-nominated English singer-songwriter whose debut album, Back to Bedlam and single releases, including "You're Beautiful" and "Goodbye My Lover", brought him to fame in 2005. His repertoire is a mix of acoustic-tinged pop, rock and folk. After recording on the independent American label Custard Records, Blunt won two BRIT Awards, two Ivor Novello Awards, and by 2006 was nominated for five Grammy Awards. The following year, he released his second album All The Lost Souls (2007). Blunt's third studio album, Some Kind of Trouble, is due to be released in November 2010.
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James Hird
James Hird (born 4 February 1973) is a former professional Australian rules footballer and coach of the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League.
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James Marsden
James Paul Marsden (born September 18, 1973) is an American actor, singer and former Versace model. He is best known for playing the superhero Cyclops in the three X-Men films, and for his roles in other commercially successful films such as Superman Returns, Hairspray, Enchanted, and 27 Dresses.
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James W. McCord Jr.
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Jan Ullrich
Cyclist
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Jared Borgetti
Jared Francisco Borgetti Echeverría (born 14 August 1973) is a Mexican footballer of Italian descent who is currently playing with Club León. Borgetti is the all-time leading goal scorer for the Mexican national team, with 46 goals. A prolific goal scorer at club level, Borgetti is renowned for his heading ability. He is popularly known by his nickname of El Zorro del Desierto meaning "The Desert Fox" due to his first professional team and his birthplace.
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Jarno Saarinen
Jarno Karl Keimo Saarinen (December 11, 1945 in Turku, Finland – May 20, 1973 in Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Italy) was a Finnish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He is the only Finn to win a road racing World Championship.
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Jason Behr
Jason Nathaniel Behr (born December 30, 1973) is an American film and television actor. He first starred in the American television series Roswell, for which he was twice nominated for a Saturn Award, followed by roles in the films The Shipping News and the American remake of the Japanese horror film The Grudge. Behr has also had a series of guest appearances in various television shows like Step by Step, The Profiler, 7th Heaven, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, JAG and had a recurring role in the American television series ''Dawson's Creek''.
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Jason David Frank
Jason David Frank (born September 4, 1973) is an American actor, martial artist and professional mixed martial arts fighter, best known for playing Tommy Oliver in Power Rangers.
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Jason Kidd
Jason Frederick Kidd (born March 23, 1973) is an American professional basketball player in the NBA who currently plays for the Dallas Mavericks. He led the New Jersey Nets to two consecutive NBA Finals appearances (2002 and 2003). He has played the most playoff games of any active player who has not won a championship. His on-court versatility also makes him a regular triple-double threat, and he is in third place all-time for regular season triple-doubles in the NBA with a career total of 105 and second in playoffs triple-doubles with a career total of 11.
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Jason Reso
http://wn.com/Jason_Reso -
Jason Schmidt
Jason David Schmidt (born January 29, 1973, in ) is a former American Major League Baseball pitcher.
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Jay C. Higginbotham
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Jay-Jay Okocha
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Jean Gebser
Jean Gebser (August 20, 1905 – May 14, 1973) was a philosopher who described the evolution of human consciousness, a linguist, and a poet.
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Jean-Pierre Canlis
Jean-Pierre Canlis (born 1973) is an American glass artist.
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Jean-Pierre Melville
Jean-Pierre Melville (October 20, 1917 – August 2, 1973) was a French filmmaker. Born Jean-Pierre Grumbach, he later adopted the pseudonym Melville during World War II as a tribute to his favorite American author, Herman Melville. and subsequently kept it as his stage name once the war was over.
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Jeannette Rankin
Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was the first woman in the U.S. Congress. A Republican, she was elected statewide in 1916 and again in 1940. A lifelong pacifist, she voted against the entry of the United States into both World War I and World War II, the only member of Congress to vote against the latter. To date, she is the only woman to be elected to Congress from Montana.http://womenincongress.house.gov/member-profiles/
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Jeff Timmons
Jeffrey Brandon Timmons (born April 30, 1973) is an American pop singer and producer and founding member of the Grammy-nominated pop group 98 Degrees.
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Jennifer Cole
Jennifer Victoria Cole (born March 4, 1973) is an American model, actress and game show/talk show host originally from Atlanta, Georgia. In addition to being a former Hawaiian Tropic model and winner of that company's swimsuit competition, Cole has either starred and/or hosted a number of shows broadcast on both network and cable television, including Sex Wars, House of Style, and Strip Poker.
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Jennifer Esposito
Jennifer Esposito (born April 11, 1973) is an American actress, dancer and model, known for her appearances in films such as I Still Know What You Did Last Summer, Summer of Sam and Crash, and in TV series such as Samantha Who?.
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Jenny Thompson
Jennifer ("Jenny") Beth Thompson (born February 26, 1973) is an American former competitive swimmer, and one of the most decorated Olympians in history, winning twelve medals, including eight gold medals (all relay), in the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics.
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Jim Parsons
James Joseph "Jim" Parsons (born March 24, 1973) is an American television and film actor best known for playing Sheldon Cooper on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, with his performance often cited as a significant reason for the program's success. In August 2009, he won the Television Critics Association award for the highest individual achievements in comedy.
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Joaquin Gage
Joaquin Jesse Gage (born October 19, 1973 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He spent his junior career with the Portland Winter Hawks of the WHL. Gage was selected in the fifth round of the 1992 NHL Entry Draft, 109th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers.
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Joe Cahill
Joe Cahill (; 19 May 1920 – 23 July 2004) was a prominent Irish republican and former chief of staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).
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Joe Frazier
Joseph William "Joe" Frazier, known as '''Smokin' Joe''' (; born January 12, 1944), is a former Olympic and World Heavyweight boxing champion, whose professional career lasted from 1965 to 1976, with a brief comeback in 1981.
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Joe Hulbig
Joseph Allan Hulbig (born September 29, 1973 in Norwood, Massachusetts) is an American former professional ice hockey forward. He played left wing. He was selected in the first round of the 1992 NHL Entry Draft, 13th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers. He went on to play for the Oilers and Boston Bruins of the NHL, as well as four minor league teams in the American Hockey League.
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Johannes Aavik
Johannes Aavik (December 8, 1880 in Randvere, Laimjala Parish - March 18, 1973 Stockholm) was an Estonian philologist and Fennophile who played a significant role in the modernization and development of the Estonian language.
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John Banner
John Banner (born Johann Banner, 28 January 1910 — 28 January 1973) was an American film and television actor.
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John Dolmayan
John Dolmayan (born July 15, 1973 in Beirut, Lebanon) is an Armenian-American songwriter and drummer. He is best known as the drummer of rock band System of a Down. Dolmayan is now the drummer for the band Scars on Broadway and another band called Indicator.
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John Ehrlichman
John Daniel Ehrlichman (March 20, 1925 – February 14, 1999) was counsel and Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs under President Richard Nixon. He was a key figure in events leading to the Watergate first break-in and the ensuing Watergate scandal, for which he was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice and perjury. He served a year and a half in prison for his crimes.
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John Ford
Rear Admiral (reserve)
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John LeCompt
John Charles LeCompt (born March 10, 1973) is an American musician who has been part of the Little Rock heavy metal music scene since the mid-1990s. He has been associated with a great number of bands, ranging from the unknown and unsigned to multi-platinum sellers, most notably the alternative metal band Evanescence. One of his main collaborators is long-time friend Rocky Gray, who is often John's bandmate in various group projects. They both are now members of the rock bands We Are the Fallen and Machina.
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John N. Mitchell
John Newton Mitchell (September 15, 1913–November 9, 1988) was United States Attorney General under President Richard M. Nixon. He also served as Nixon's campaign manager in 1968 and in 1972. Due to his role as director for the Committee to Re-elect the President, which engineered the Watergate first break-in, he became the only Attorney General ever to be convicted of illegal activities.
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John Rostill
John Rostill (16 June 1942 – 26 November 1973) was an English bassist and composer, recruited by The Shadows to replace Brian Locking.
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John Sirica
John Joseph Sirica (March 19, 1904–August 14, 1992) was the Chief Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, where he became famous for his role in the Watergate scandal. He rose to national prominence during the Watergate scandal when he ordered President Richard Nixon to turn over his recordings of White House conversations.
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Jonas Björler
Jonas Björler (born 26 February 1973) was the bassist and one of the founding members of the melodic death metal band At the Gates, along with his twin brother Anders Björler, Tomas Lindberg, Alf Svensson, and Adrian Erlandsson.
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Jonna Tervomaa
Jonna Marika Tervomaa (b. January 7, 1973, Forssa) is a Finnish pop singer and songwriter. She became famous at the age of ten, when she won the song contest "Syksyn Sävel" with the song "Minttu sekä Ville". Tervomaa started her new, adult age career in 1998 with her self-titled album.
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Jordan Jovtchev
Jordan Jovtchev () (born February 24, 1973 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian gymnast.
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Joseph Godber
Joseph Bradshaw Godber, Baron Godber of Willington PC (17 March 1914 – 25 August 1980) was a British Conservative Party politician and cabinet minister.
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Joseph M. Smith
Joseph M. Smith was a British athlete. He competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. As a member of the upper class, he attended University of Cambridge, with ambitions to move to Liverpool. He only spent one year in college before dropping out and residing right outside the city of Cambridge, where he became interested in running.
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Joseph Szigeti
Joseph Szigeti () (September 5, 1892 – February 19, 1973) was a Hungarian virtuoso violinist.
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Josie Davis
Josie Rebecca Davis (born January 16, 1973) is an American actress and producer, best known for her role as Sarah Powell in the television sitcom Charles in Charge from 1986 to 1990.
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Josué de Castro
Josué de Castro, born Josué Apolônio de Castro (5 September 1908 in Recife – 24 September 1973 in Paris), was a Brazilian physician, expert on nutrition, geographer, writer, public administrator, and activist against world hunger.
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José Azevedo
José Bento Azevedo Carvalho (born 19 September 1973 in Vila do Conde, Grande Porto) is a Portuguese former professional road racing cyclist. As of 2010, he is also a team manager with Team RadioShack. During his racing career, Azevedo rode for between 2001 and 2003 and for between 2004 and 2006.
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Juliette Lewis
Juliette Lewis (born June 21, 1973) is an American actress and musician.
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Karen Lancaume
Karen Lancaume (January 19, 1973 – January 28, 2005) was a French adult film star. She appeared in around 40 movies between 1996 and 2000. She is best known internationally for her starring role as Nadine in the controversial 2000 film, Baise-moi. This was the mainstream film in which she performed unsimulated penetration and fellatio.
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Karl von Frisch
Karl Ritter von Frisch (20 November 1886 12 June 1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz.
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Kat Swift
Kat Swift (born June 6, 1973) is a United States political activist, former co-chair of the Green Party of Texas, and spokesperson for the Green Party's National Women’s Caucus. She announced her intention to seek the 2008 Presidential nomination of the US Green Party at the 2004 Green Party National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She is one of the youngest candidates to seek the office in 2008, meeting the age requirement of 35-years-old only months before Election Day in 2008. In 2007, Swift ran for City Council, District 1 in San Antonio, Texas finishing second of three candidates with 1,630 votes for 29.48% of the total vote. On July 12, 2008 she finished third on the single ballot for the party's presidential nomination with 38 out of 532 delegate votes cast. She later endorsed the winner of the presidential nomination Cynthia McKinney. Swift is currently a 2010 candidate for Bexar County Commissioner in Precinct 2
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Kate Beckinsale
Kathryn Romany "Kate" Beckinsale (born 26 July 1973) is an English actress. She first gained notice, while a student at Oxford University, for making her debut in the film adaptation of Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing. Throughout the 1990s, she worked on both film and television, most notably by portraying the title character in the 1996 ITV television series Emma. In 2001, Beckinsale garnered international recognition when she was cast as the romantic lead opposite Ben Affleck in her breakthrough film, Pearl Harbor (2001). Since then, she has portrayed a variety of characters in projects such as Underworld (2003), The Aviator (2004), and Van Helsing (2004). In 2008, she earned a Critic's Choice Award nomination for her performance in Nothing But the Truth.
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Kate Thornton
Kate Thornton (born 7 February 1973) is an English journalist and television presenter, most famous for being the first host of The X Factor and being the new anchor of Loose Women as of 2009. She is also best known internationally for her coverage of the Concert for Diana.
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Katina Paxinou
Katina Paxinou (December 17, 1900 – February 22, 1973) was a Greek film and theatre actress.
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Kelly Holcomb
Bryan Kelly Holcomb (born July 9, 1973 in Fayetteville, Tennessee) is a former American football quarterback of the National Football League. He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 1995. He played college football at Middle Tennessee State.
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Ken Maynard
Ken Maynard (July 21, 1895 – March 23, 1973) was an American motion picture stuntman and actor.
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Kerry Nettle
Kerry Michelle Nettle (born 24 December 1973) is a former Australian Senator and member of the Australian Greens in New South Wales. Elected at the 2001 federal election on a primary vote of 4.36 percent with One Nation and micro-party preferences, she failed to gain re-election at the 2007 federal election, despite an increase in the Green primary vote to 8.43 percent, due to insufficient preferences.
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Kid Ory
Edward "Kid" Ory (December 25, 1886 – January 23, 1973) was a jazz trombonist and bandleader. He was born in Woodland Plantation near LaPlace, Louisiana.
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Kieren Perkins
Swimmer|
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Kim Dae-Jung
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Kimberley Davies
Kimberley Davies (born 20 February 1973 in Ballarat, Victoria) is an Australian actress most famous for playing Annalise Hartman on the Australian soap opera Neighbours from 1993 to 1996. She is sometimes credited as "Kimberly Davies".
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Konrad Lorenz
Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (November 7, 1903 in Vienna – February 27, 1989 in Altenberg, Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, animal psychologist, and ornithologist. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. He is often regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology, developing an approach that began with an earlier generation, including his teacher Oskar Heinroth. Lorenz studied instinctive behavior in animals, especially in greylag geese and jackdaws. Working with geese, he rediscovered the principle of imprinting (originally described by Douglas Spalding in the 19th century) in the behavior of nidifugous birds.
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Kris Marshall
Kristopher "Kris" Marshall (born 1 April 1973) is a British actor best known for his role as Nick Harper in My Family and as Adam in the adverts for BT since 2005.
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Kristen Wiig
Kristen Carroll Wiig (; born August 22, 1973) is an American film and television actress who currently appears as a cast member on Saturday Night Live.
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Kristoffer Zegers
Kristoffer Zegers (born Breda, 27 December 1973) is a Dutch composer.
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Lamont Bentley
Lamont Bentley (October 25, 1973 – January 19, 2005) was an American actor and rapper. He was known for his role as Hakeem Campbell on Moesha and the series' spin-off The Parkers.
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Larry Page
Lawrence "Larry" Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and industrialist, who co-founded Google Inc., along with Sergey Brin.
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Lasha Zhvania
Lasha Zhvania () (born October 14, 1973 in Tbilisi, Georgia) is a Georgian politician, the Minister for Economic Development from November 2008 till August 2009 and an ex-Parliament of Georgia. A lawyer by education specializing in international law, he has served in the posts of Consul in Israel, Deputy-Minister of Finance, Deputy-Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the State of Israel and the Republic of Cyprus, Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee of the Parliament of Georgia.
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Lauritz Melchoir
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Lawyer Milloy
Lawyer Milloy (born November 14, 1973 in ) is an American football safety for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the second round of the 1996 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Washington.
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Le Duc Tho
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Lee Westwood
Lee John Westwood (born 24 April 1973) is an English professional golfer. He is currently ranked World No. 2. He is one of the few golfers who has won tournaments on every major continent, including victories on the European Tour and the PGA Tour. He was named player of the year for the 1998, 2000, and 2009 seasons. He has won the 2000 European Tour Order of Merit, and the renamed 2009 Race to Dubai. He has represented Europe for the last six consecutive Ryder Cups. He spent over 180 weeks in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Rankings between 1998 and 2001 and returned to the top 10 at the end of the 2008 season and again after the 2009 PGA Championship.
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Leigh Francis
Leigh Francis (born 30 May 1974) is an English comedy performer. He is most famous for his comedy series ''Bo' Selecta!'' and portrayal of Romanian character Avid Merrion, as well as northern businessman Keith Lemon in Keith Lemon's Very Brilliant World Tour, Celebrity Juice as well as many appearances on Big Brother UK's companion shows Big Brother's Little Brother and Big Brother's Big Mouth.
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Leo Esaki
Reona Esaki also known as Leo Esaki (江崎 玲於奈 Esaki Reona, born March 12, 1925) is a Japanese physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling. He is known for his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. This research was done when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony). He has also contributed as a pioneer of the semiconductor superlattice while he was with IBM.
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Leon Jaworski
Leonidas "Leon" Jaworski (September 19, 1905; Waco, Texas – December 9, 1982; near Wimberley, Texas) was the second Special Prosecutor during the Watergate Scandal. Jaworski was appointed to that position on November 1, 1973, soon after the Saturday Night Massacre of October 19 and October 20, 1973 that resulted in the dismissal of special prosecutor Archibald Cox.
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Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (, 19 December 1906 – 10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen year term as General Secretary was one of the lengthiest, second only to that of Joseph Stalin. During Brezhnev's rule, the global influence of the Soviet Union grew dramatically, in part because of the expansion of the Soviet Military during this time. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to support the fragile Marxist government located there, a move condemned by the West. His tenure as leader has often been criticized for marking the beginning of a period of economic stagnation, overlooking serious economic problems which eventually led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
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Lex Barker
Lex Barker (May 8, 1919 – May 11, 1973) was an American actor best known for playing Tarzan of the Apes and leading characters from Karl May's novels.
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Lexa Doig
Alexandra L. "Lexa" Doig (born 8 June 1973) is a Canadian actress. She portrayed the role of Rommie in the science fiction TV series Andromeda, and had a recurring character (Carolyn Lam) on Stargate SG-1.
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Li Xiaoshuang
Li Xiaoshuang (; born November 1, 1973 in Xiantao, Hubei) is a Chinese gymnast and Olympic champion. Li Xiaoshuang and his twin brother Li Dashuang's gymnastics talent was discovered at the age of six. Both of them became a member of China's gymnastics team that won a silver medal in the team competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
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Liam Kyle Sullivan
person
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Lila Lee
Lila Lee (July 25, 1901 – November 13, 1973) was a prominent screen actress of the early silent film era.
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Lim Chang-jung
Lim Chang-jung (born 30 November 1973 in Icheon, Gyeonggi) is a South Korean actor and singer.
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Lon Chaney, Jr.
Lon Chaney, Jr. (February 10, 1906 – July 12, 1973), born Creighton Tull Chaney, was an American character actor. He was best known for his roles in monster movies and as the son of famous silent film actor, Lon Chaney. He is notable for playing Larry Talbot in The Wolf Man movies.
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Loris Capirossi
Loris Capirossi (born April 4, 1973 in Castel San Pietro Terme, Bologna) is an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer, who currently rides for the factory Suzuki MotoGP team. He is a former 250cc World Champion for Aprilia; Capirossi made his 300th start at the 2010 season-opening Qatar Grand Prix.
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Ludwig von Mises
Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (; September 29, 1881 – October 10, 1973) was an Austrian economist, philosopher, author and classical liberal who had a significant influence on the modern free-market libertarian movement and the Austrian School.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He is one of four Presidents who served in all four elected Federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President and President.
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Magnus Hedman
Magnus Hedman (born 19 March 1973 in Huddinge) is a Swedish former football goalkeeper. He played 58 matches for the Sweden national football team, and represented his country at two FIFA World Cup and two European Championship tournaments.
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Maija Vilkkumaa
Maija Johanna Vilkkumaa (born November 9, 1973 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish rock/pop singer and songwriter.
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mainland China
http://wn.com/mainland_China -
Marc Allégret
Marc Allégret (22 December 1900 – 3 November 1973) was a French screenwriter and film director.
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Marcus Brigstocke
Marcus Alexander Brigstocke (born 8 May 1973) is an English comedian and satirist who has worked extensively in stand-up comedy, television and radio. He is particularly associated with the 6.30pm comedy slot on BBC Radio 4, having frequently appeared on several of its shows. Brigstocke also played a cameo role in Richard Curtis's romantic comedy Love Actually as Mike, a radio DJ who interviews Billy Mack (Bill Nighy).
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Markus Näslund
Markus Näslund (born July 30, 1973) is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey player. He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Vancouver Canucks and New York Rangers, as well as with Modo Hockey of Elitserien from 1990 until 2010, with the longest stretch played for the Canucks. He is currently a member of the board for Modo Hockey. He was nicknamed "Nazzy" by Canucks fans and is referred to as "Macke" or "Mackan" in his native Sweden.
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Mary Carr
Mary Carr (14 March 1874 – 24 June 1973) was an American film actress and was married to the actor William Carr (1866–1937). She appeared in 144 films between 1915 and 1956. She was famous for having given birth to several children and for this was considered an expert in motherhood which led to her being given some of filmdoms plum mother roles in silent pictures, especially Fox's 1920 Over the Hill to the Poorhouse which was a great success. She was interred in Calvary Cemetery.
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Mary Kornman
Mary Kornman (December 27, 1915 – June 1, 1973) was an American child actress who was the leading female star of the Our Gang series during the Pathé silent era.
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Matthew Ferguson
Matthew Ferguson is an actor born on 3 April 1973 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He graduated from the Claude Watson School for the Performing Arts.
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Max Adrian
Max Adrian (1 November 1903 – 19 January 1973) was a Northern Irish stage, film and television actor and singer. He was a founding member of both the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre.
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Max Terhune
Max Terhune (12 February 1891 Franklin, Indiana, – 5 June 1973 Cottonwood, Arizona), was an American film actor. He appeared in nearly 70 films, mostly B-westerns, between 1936 and 1956.
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Maxi Mounds
Maxi Mounds is an American nude model, stripper and pornographic actress from Long Island, New York. Mounds is known for her extremely large breast implants. Mounds' implants are polypropylene string breast implants, which irritate the breast tissue, causing the breasts to grow continuously as they fill with fluid. Mounds' breasts each weigh twenty pounds.
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Melissa Fahn
Melissa Fahn (born April 28, 1973) is an American voice and stage actress and singer known for her work in anime dubs and other mainstream animated series, as well as her work in Broadway and Los Angeles Theatre.
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Melville Cooper
George Melville Cooper (15 October 1896 – 13 March 1973), best known as Melville Cooper, was a British stage, film and television actor. Among his roles are the cowardly Sheriff of Nottingham in The Adventures of Robin Hood, starring Errol Flynn, and Mr. Collins in Pride and Prejudice, with Greer Garson.
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Merian C. Cooper
Merian Caldwell Cooper (October 24, 1893 — April 21, 1973) was an American aviator, United States Air Force and Polish Air Force officer, adventurer, screenwriter, and film director and producer. His most famous film was the 1933 movie King Kong.
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Michael Dunn (actor)
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Michael Reiziger
Michael John Reiziger (born 3 May 1973 in Amstelveen, North Holland) is a retired Dutch footballer, who played mainly as a right defender.
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Mick Thomson
Mickael "Mick" Thomson, sometimes known as #7, is an American musician, best known as being the lead guitarist for the Grammy winning Heavy Metal band Slipknot.
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Miguel Mendonca
http://wn.com/Miguel_Mendonca -
Millencolin
Millencolin is a punk rock band that was formed in October 1992 by Erik Ohlsson, Mathias Färm and Nikola Sarcevic in Örebro, Sweden. In early 1993, drummer Fredrik Larzon joined the band. The name Millencolin is derived from the skateboard trick "melancholy".
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Mohammed Daoud Khan
Mohammed Daoud (Daud) Khan or Muḥammad Dāwud Ḫān (July 18, 1909 – April 28, 1978) was an Afghan prince and politician in Afghanistan who overthrew the monarchy of his first cousin Mohammed Zahir Shah and became the first President of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of the Saur Revolution led by the Communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Daud was known for his progressive policies, especially in relation to the rights of women, for initiating two five-year modernization plans.
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Mohammed Zahir Shah
Mohammed Zahir Shah (15 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last King (Shah) of Afghanistan, reigning for four decades, from 1933 until he was ousted by a coup in 1973. Following his return from exile he was given the title 'Father of the Nation' in 2002 which he held until his death.
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Monica Lewinsky
Monica Samille Lewinsky (born July 23, 1973) is an American woman with whom then-United States President Bill Clinton admitted to having had an "improper relationship" while she worked at the White House in 1995 and 1996. The affair and its repercussions, especially the impeachment of Bill Clinton, became known as the Lewinsky scandal.
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Monica Seles
Monica Seles (, Serbian: Моника Селеш, Monika Seleš, , born December 2, 1973) is a former World No. 1 professional tennis player and a member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame. She was born in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia (now Serbia) to Hungarian parents. She became a naturalized United States citizen in 1994 and also received Hungarian citizenship in June 2007. She won nine Grand Slam singles titles, winning eight of them while a citizen of Yugoslavia and one while a citizen of the United States.
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Naim Talu
Mehmet Naim Talu (July 22, 1919 – May 15, 1998) was a Turkish economist, banker, politician and former Prime Minister of Turkey.
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Nanako Matsushima
is a Japanese actress and model. She is known outside Japan for her role in the horror film Ring. She became the highest-paid actress in Japan due to Great Teacher Onizuka and all her following dramas becoming big hits. She was also a main character in A Story of Love, where she starred next to Hiroyuki Sanada, who also played Ryuji Takayama in Ring.
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Nancy Mitford
Nancy Freeman-Mitford, CBE (28 November 1904, London – 30 June 1973, Versailles), styled The Hon. Nancy Mitford before her marriage and The Hon. Mrs Rodd thereafter, was an English novelist and biographer, one of the Bright Young People on the London social scene in the inter-war years. She was born at 1 Graham Street (now Graham Place) in Belgravia, London, the eldest daughter of Lord Redesdale and was brought up at Asthall Manor in Oxfordshire.
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Natalie Appleton
Natalie Jane Appleton Howlett (born May 14, 1973) is a Canadian pop singer and actress who rose to fame as a member of the band All Saints. During All Saints' five years of inactivity, she was a member of Appleton with her younger sister Nicole.
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Natsuki Takaya
nihongo|Natsuki Takaya|高屋 奈月|Takaya Natsuki|real name Naka Hatake is the penname of a Japanese manga artist best-known for creating the series Fruits Basket. She was born on July 7, 1973; (Tanabata). Takaya is left-handed and once revealed that she wanted to be a mangaka since first grade, when her sister started drawing. She was born in Shizuoka, Japan, but was raised in Tokyo, where she made her debut in 1992. She enjoys video games such as the Final Fantasy series or Sakura Wars, or working on her different manga series, such as Fruits Basket, which is the second best-selling shōjo manga ever in Japan, and the top selling shōjo manga in North America. Fruits Basket has also been adapted into a twenty-six-episode anime series. In 2001, Takaya received a Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo manga for Fruits Basket.
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Neil Patrick Harris
Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, magician and singer. Prominent roles of his career include the title role in Doogie Howser, M.D., Colonel Carl Jenkins in Starship Troopers, the womanizing Barney Stinson in How I Met Your Mother, a fictionalized version of himself in the Harold & Kumar series, and the title role in Joss Whedon's musical web series ''Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog. He also hosted the 63rd Tony Awards on June 7, 2009, and the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2009. On March 7, 2010, he made a surprise appearance at the 82nd Academy Awards, delivering the opening musical number, and on August 21, 2010 he won two Emmy Awards at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony. He was named as one of Time'' magazine's 100 most influential people in 2010.
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Neve Campbell
Neve Adrianne Campbell (, born October 3, 1973) is a Canadian actress. After beginning her career on stage, she achieved fame on the 1990s television series Party of Five, playing the role of teenager Julia Salinger. She subsequently appeared in leading roles in several Hollywood films, including Scream, The Craft, and Wild Things, and has since appeared in smaller parts and returned to stage roles.
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Nick Mitchell
Nicholas Cole "Nick" Mitchell (born November 9, 1982) is an American professional wrestler who is best known for his work in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as Mitch of the Spirit Squad on the Raw brand. Before starting a wrestling career, Mitchell played football for the Beaumont Drillers while at Blinn College. After not being accepted for a National Football League combine, Mitchell focused on a career in wrestling.
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Nikolaas Tinbergen
Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (15 April 1907 – 21 December 1988) was a Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals.
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Nikolai Valuev
Nikolai Sergeyevich Valuev ( ; born August 21, 1973) is a professional boxer and former two-time WBA heavyweight champion. In his last fight, he lost the title to David Haye.
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Nikolay Tsiskaridze
Nikolay Tsiskaridze (), also spelled Ziskaridze, is a premier dancer of the Bolshoi Ballet. Ethnically Georgian, he was born in Tbilisi on 31 December 1973. He joined the Moscow Ballet School in 1987 and was admitted into the Bolshoi Ballet in 1991. After winning applause of true ballet legends Galina Ulanova, Marina Semenova and Yuri Grigorovich, he became the youngest person to be named a People's Artist of Russia (2001). He received the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 2001 and 2003 and the Prix Benois de la Danse in 1999.
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Nino Bravo
Luis Manuel Ferri Llopis (August 3, 1944, Aielo de Malferit — April 16, 1973), popularly known by the artistic name of Nino Bravo, was an international singing star from Spain.
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Noel Coward
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Noel Fielding
Noel Fielding (born 21 May 1973 in Westminster, London, England) is an English artist, comedian and actor. He is known for his role as Vince Noir in The Mighty Boosh, which he co-writes with comedy partner Julian Barratt.
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Nomar Garciaparra
Anthony Nomar Garciaparra (; born July 23, 1973, in ) is a former Major League Baseball player. After playing a decade as an All-Star shortstop for the Boston Red Sox, he played third base, first base, and designated hitter for the Oakland Athletics, first base and third base for the Los Angeles Dodgers, and shortstop and third base for the Chicago Cubs. He is one of 13 players in Major League history to hit two grand slams during a single game, and the only player to achieve the feat at home.
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Norma Crane
Norma Crane (November 10, 1928 - September 28, 1973) (born Norma Anna Bella Zuckerman) was an actress of the stage and screen. Among her best known roles was that of Golde in the 1971 film adaptation of Fiddler on the Roof. She also starred in They Call Me MISTER Tibbs! and Penelope. Crane was born in New York City but raised in El Paso, Texas.
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Ole Gunnar Solskjær
Ole Gunnar Solskjær (born 26 February 1973 in Kristiansund, Møre og Romsdal) is a Norwegian football manager and former footballer who spent most of his career playing for Manchester United. He is the current Manchester United Reserve team manager. Often dubbed "the baby-faced assassin", he played 366 times for the Red Devils and scored 126 goals during a very successful period for the club. Solskjær's defining moment in football came in injury time of the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final where he scored the winning last-minute goal against Bayern Munich, completing a remarkable comeback and winning The Treble for United. At United, he was recognised as a "Super Sub" for his knack of coming off the bench to score last-minute goals.
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Oliver Neuville
Oliver Patric Neuville (born 1 May 1973 in Locarno, Switzerland) is a German footballer who currently plays for Arminia Bielefeld.
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Olve Eikemo
Olve Eikemo (born 27 June 1973, Bergen, Norway), better known by his stage name Abbath Doom Occulta, is a Norwegian composer, vocalist, guitarist, bassist, keyboardist, drummer, and one of the founding members of the black metal band Immortal. Before he founded Immortal, Abbath played bass for the early Norwegian extreme metal band Old Funeral, with future Immortal member Demonaz and Varg Vikernes of Burzum fame (Though they were not all in the band at the same time). While working with Old Funeral, he also joined Demonaz's band Amputation which later became Immortal. He also plays bass in Demonaz's newly started project Demonaz.
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Oscar de la Hoya
http://wn.com/Oscar_de_la_Hoya -
Owen Garriott
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Paavo Nurmi
Paavo Johannes Nurmi () (13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finnish runner. Born in Turku, he was known as one of the "Flying Finns"; a term given to him, Hannes Kolehmainen, Ville Ritola and others for their distinction in running. During the 1920s, Nurmi was the best middle and long distance runner in the world, setting world records at distances between 1500 m and 20 km.
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Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda (July 12, 1904 – September 23, 1973) was the pen name and, later, legal name of the Chilean poet and politician Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto. He chose his pen name after Czech poet Jan Neruda.
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Pablo Picasso
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso (; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor who lived most of his adult life in France. He is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist ''Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Guernica'' (1937), his portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.
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Paolo Savoldelli
Paolo Savoldelli (born May 7, 1973 in Clusone, province of Bergamo) is an Italian former road racing cyclist and winner of the 2002 and 2005 Giro d'Italia.
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Patrick White
Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 – 30 September 1990), an Australian author, was widely regarded as a major English-language novelist of the 20th century. From 1935 until his death, he published 12 novels, two short-story collections and eight plays.
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Pau Casals
http://wn.com/Pau_Casals -
Paul Brousseau
Paul Brousseau (born September 18, 1973 in Pierrefonds, Quebec) is a retired professional ice hockey forward. He played for the Colorado Avalanche, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Florida Panthers in the NHL.
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Paul Hartman
Paul Hartman (March 1, 1904–October 2, 1973) was an American dancer, stage performer and television character actor.
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Paul J. Weitz
Paul Joseph Weitz (born July 25, 1932) is an American former astronaut who flew in space twice.
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Paul Walker
Paul William Walker IV (born September 12, 1973) is an American actor. He became well known in 1999 after his role in the hit film Varsity Blues. He is also known for starring in the surprise summer hit The Fast and the Furious and has since gone on to star in its sequels 2 Fast 2 Furious and Fast & Furious and soon to be released Fast Five. His other films include Joy Ride, Running Scared, Into The Blue and Eight Below. The films he has starred in have grossed more than $1.1 billion. He also appears in the National Geographic Channel series Expedition Great White.
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Paula Radcliffe
Paula Jane Radcliffe, MBE (born 17 December 1973) is an English long-distance runner and currently holds several world records.
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Pete Conrad
Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr. (June 2, 1930 – July 8, 1999), was an American naval officer, astronaut and engineer, and the third person to walk on the Moon. He flew on the Gemini 5 and 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2 missions.
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Peter Andre
Peter James Andre (born 27 February 1973) is a English-born Australian singer-songwriter, television personality and businessman.
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Peter Facinelli
Peter Facinelli (born November 26, 1973) is an American actor. He became known as the star of Fox's 2002 television series Fastlane. He plays Carlisle Cullen in the film adaptations of the Twilight series. He is also well known for his role as Mike Dexter in the movie ''Can't Hardly Wait''.
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Peter Forsberg
(; born July 20, 1973) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre, currently served as an unrestricted free agent. Forsberg most recently played for Modo Hockey in Elitserien. Known for his on-ice vision and physical play, Forsberg is considered as one of the greatest passers of all time.. As of 2010, he stands ninth all-time in career points-per-game and fourth all-time in career assists-per-game in the NHL, behind only Wayne Gretzky, Mario Lemieux and Bobby Orr.
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Peter Pitseolak
Peter Pitseolak (November 1902, Nottingham Island, Northwest Territories—September 30, 1973, Cape Dorset, Northwest Territories) was an Inuit photographer, artist and historian.
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Pharrell
http://wn.com/Pharrell -
Rafael Godoy
Rafael Godoy (1907 - 1973) was a well-known Colombian composer born in Natagaima, Tolima.
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Ralph Earnhardt
Ralph Lee Earnhardt (February 23, 1928 – September 26, 1973) was a NASCAR racing legend. He was the father of Dale Earnhardt, the grandfather of Dale Earnhardt, Jr. and Kerry Earnhardt, and great grandfather of Jeffrey Earnhardt. In the film , Ralph Earnhardt was portrayed by J. K. Simmons. The film portrayed Earnhardt's death as the urban legend dictated, where Dale (Barry Pepper) found him dead of a heart attack in the garage. Also, Earnhardt helped get Bobby Isaac his start in racing.
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Ram Kapoor
Ram Kapoor (, pronounced ; born 1 September 1973) is an Indian television actor noted particularly for his portrayal of Jai Walia on the Zee TV serial, Kasamh Se. He is the only actor to win the Indian Telly Awards for best actor consecutively (in 2006, 2007 and 2008). Though Kapoor has received recognition and acclaim for his work in television, he is generally perceived as someone who shows an attitude and exhibits tantrums on shooting sets. He has acted in five Bollywood movies in supporting cast roles.
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Raphael Smith
Raphael Schrire Smith born Cape Town, South Africa November 29, 1973 (first name pronounced to rhyme with "playful") is a screenwriter based in London, United Kingdom. He attended Herzlia Primary, Middle and High School and studied law and Jewish Civilisation at the University of Cape Town. He also holds an MA in screenwriting from the National Film and Television School. In 2004 he was nominated for a BAFTA as a writer on the short film Sea Monsters. In late 2004 Smith acted as the script consultant on the South African feature film Boy called Twist .
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Richard Ian Cox
Richard Ian Cox (born October 3, 1973) is a Welsh-Canadian voice actor and online radio host best known for his voice acting for English language dubs of anime. Cox gained prominence for playing the character of Henry Dailey's (played by Mickey Rooney) teenaged traveler and horse rider, Alec Ramsay, in The Family Channel's Adventures of the Black Stallion during the early 1990's. Currently, he hosts his own podcast called "the show".
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Richard M. Nixon
http://wn.com/Richard_M_Nixon -
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974, having formerly been the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. A member of the Republican Party, he was the only President to resign the office as well as the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency.
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Richard Sharples
Major Sir Richard Christopher Sharples KCMG OBE MC (August 6, 1916 – March 10, 1973), St. George, Bermuda) was a British politician and Governor of Bermuda from late 1972 to 10 March 1973 when he was shot dead by assassins linked to the militant Black Beret Cadre, a small Bermudian Black Power group.
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Rick Emerson
Rick Emerson (born March 7, 1973) is a radio personality most known for The Rick Emerson Show, currently broadcasting daily from [http://www.rickemerson.com/ RickEmerson.com], and has been broadcast in Portland, Oregon off and on since 1997, and was nationally syndicated for a period from 1998-2001 by NBG Radio Network. The current new show is subscription based, so that the subscribers/listeners are in control of the show, instead of corporations who don't get the show and only see it as a line item on a budget. In addition to The Rick Emerson Show, Rick is also the host of Legion of News (LoN), available on [http://www.pdx.fm/ PDX.FM] from noon to 1pm. He is ably assisted on LoN by Dawn Taylor a Portland author. Rick also hosts Outlook Portland a public affairs show that airs at 6:30 am Sundays on NW 32 TV.
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Rie Miyazawa
is a Japanese actress and singer.
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Rob Conway
Robert Thomas Conway (born November 28, 1972), better known as Rob Conway, is an American professional wrestler and is best known for his seven year stint with World Wrestling Entertainment. He is currently wrestling on the independent circuit as Rob Conway.
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Robert Bork
Robert Heron Bork (born March 1, 1927) is an American legal scholar who has advocated the judicial philosophy of originalism. Bork formerly served as Solicitor General, acting Attorney General, and judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1987, he was nominated to the Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, but the Senate rejected his nomination. Bork had more success as an antitrust scholar, where his once-idiosyncratic view that antitrust law should focus on maximizing consumer welfare has come to dominate American legal thinking on the subject. Currently, Bork is a lawyer, law professor, and bestselling author.
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Robert Ryan
Robert Bushnell Ryan (November 11, 1909 – July 11, 1973) was an American actor who often played hardened cops and ruthless villains.
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Robert Siodmak
Robert Siodmak (8 August 1900 - 10 March 1973) was a German born American film director. He is best remembered as a thriller specialist and for the series of Hollywood film noirs he made in the 1940s.
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Robert Smithson
Robert Smithson (January 2, 1938–July 20, 1973) was an American artist famous for his land art.
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Robert Watson-Watt
Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt, KCB, FRS, FRAeS (13 April 1892 – 5 December 1973) is considered by many to be the "inventor of radar". (The hyphenated name is used herein for consistency, although this was not adopted until he was knighted in 1942.) Development of radar, initially nameless, was first started elsewhere but greatly expanded on 1 September 1936 when Watson-Watt became Superintendent of a new establishment under the British Air Ministry, Bawdsey Research Station located in Bawdsey Manor, near Felixstowe, Suffolk. Work there resulted in the design and installation of aircraft detection and tracking stations called Chain Home along the East and South coasts of England in time for the outbreak of WWII in 1939. This system provided the vital advance information that helped the Royal Air Force win the Battle of Britain.
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Roger Delgado
Roger Delgado (1 March 1918 – 18 June 1973) was an English actor, best known for his role as the first Master in Doctor Who.
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Roger Williamson
Roger Williamson (2 February 1948, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire – 29 July 1973, Zandvoort Circuit, Netherlands) was a racing driver from England, who was killed during the 1973 Dutch Grand Prix.
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Ron Blomberg
Ronald Mark Blomberg (born August 23, 1948, in Atlanta, Georgia), nicknamed Boomer, is a former Major League Baseball designated hitter, first baseman, and right fielder. Along with being the first designated hitter in Major League Baseball history, he played for the New York Yankees (1969, 1971–76) and Chicago White Sox (1978), and he was the manager of the Bet Shemesh Blue Sox in the Israel Baseball League (2007).
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Ron Pigpen McKernan
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Rose McGowan
Rose Arianna McGowan (born September 5, 1973) is an American actress known for her role as Paige Matthews in WB Network supernatural drama series Charmed, as well as for her roles in several major Hollywood films including The Doom Generation, The Black Dahlia, Scream, Jawbreaker, and Grindhouse. In 2008 she was guest programmer and co-host of TCM's film-series program, The Essentials. She played Ann-Margret alongside Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Elvis Presley in the CBS mini-series Elvis.
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Roselyn Sanchez
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Ryan Drummond
Ryan Drummond (born January 10, 1973), is an voice actor, actor, comedian, clown, and mime. He is best known as the original voice of Sonic the Hedgehog in the popular SEGA video game franchise. He was replaced in this role by Jason Anthony Griffith in 2005.
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Ryan Franklin
Ryan Ray Franklin (born March 5, 1973 in Fort Smith, Arkansas) is a Major League Baseball player. Franklin is a right-handed pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals.
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Ryan Giggs
Ryan Joseph Giggs OBE (born Ryan Joseph Wilson on 29 November 1973) is a Welsh footballer who has played for Manchester United for his entire professional career. He established himself as a left-winger during the 1990s and continued in this position well into the 2000s, but he has been increasingly used in a deeper playmaking role in his later years.
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Rüştü Reçber
Rüştü Reçber (born 10 May 1973) is a Turkish international footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Beşiktaş in the Süper Lig.
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Sachin Tendulkar
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar ( ; born 24 April 1973) is an Indian cricketer widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the leading run-scorer and century maker in Test and One Day International cricket. He is the only player to score a double century in the history of ODI cricket. In 2002, just 12 years into his career, Wisden ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Donald Bradman, and the second greatest one-day-international (ODI) batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards. In September 2007, the Australian leg spinner Shane Warne rated Tendulkar as the greatest player he has played with or against. Tendulkar was the only player of the current generation to be included in ''Bradman's Eleven. He is sometimes referred to as Little Master or Master Blaster''.
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Salvador Allende
Salvador Isabelino del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Allende Gossens (; 26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean physician and is generally considered the first democratically elected Marxist to become president of a country in the Americas.
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Sav Rocca
Saverio "Sav" Giovanni Rocca (born November 20, 1973 in Melbourne, Australia) is a punter for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League and former Australian rules footballer for the Collingwood and North Melbourne Football Clubs in the Australian Football League.
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Scott Ferguson
Scott Ferguson (born January 6, 1973) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Edmonton Oilers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Minnesota Wild. He is currently an assistant coach, along with fellow ex-Oiler Geoff Smith, with the Kamloops Blazers.
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Scott Greenall
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Scott Storch
Scott Storch (born December 16, 1973) is an American record producer. He has found success in many genres of music, particularly hip hop, pop, and R&B.; He has his own record label, Storch Music Company and his own music production company, Tuff Jew Productions LLC.
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Sean Paul
Sean Paul Ryan Francis Henriques (born January 9, 1973), who performs under stage name Sean Paul, is a Jamaican Grammy winning Reggae/Dancehall artist who is the former lead vocalist of the Dutty Cup Crew.
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Selman Waksman
Selman Abraham Waksman (22 July 1888 – 16 August 1973) was an American biochemist and microbiologist whose research into organic substances—largely into organisms that live in soil—and their decomposition promoted the discovery of Streptomycin, and several other antibiotics. A professor of biochemistry and microbiology at Rutgers University for four decades, his work led to the discovery of over twenty antibiotics (a word which he coined) and procedures that have led to the development of many others. The proceeds earned from the licensing of his patents funded a foundation for microbiological research, which established the Waksman Institute of Microbiology located on Rutgers University's Busch Campus in Piscataway, New Jersey (USA). In 1952 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition "for his discovery of "streptomycin" the first antibiotic active against tuberculosis."
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Sergei Kourdakov
Sergei Nicholaevich Kourdakov (Russian: Сергей Николаевич Курдаков; March 1, 1951 – January 1, 1973) was a former KGB agent and naval officer who from his late teen years carried out more than 150 raids in underground Christian communities in regions of the Soviet Union in the 1960s. At the age of twenty, he defected to Canada while a naval officer on a Soviet trawler in the Pacific and converted to Evangelical Christianity. He is known for having written The Persecutor (also known as Forgive Me, Natasha), an autobiography that was written shortly before his death in 1973 and published posthumously. Since its publication, it has been the source of varied criticism.
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Sergei Shnurov
Sergey Vladimirovich Shnurov (; born 13 April 1973) is a Russian musician and songwriter, best known as Shnur, of the ska-punk band Leningrad which he formed in 1997 and was the frontman of till the end of 2008. In December 2008 the group disbanded, Shnur with some of its members forming Rubl.
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Sergey Brin
Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (; born August 21, 1973) is a Russian American computer scientist and industrialist who, along with Larry Page, is best known as the co-founder of Google, Inc., the world’s largest Internet company, based on its search engine and online advertising technology.
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Sessue Hayakawa
was a Japanese and American Issei (Japanese immigrant) actor who starred in American, Japanese, French, German, and British films. Hayakawa was the first and one of the few Asian actors to find stardom in the United States as well as Europe. Between the mid-1910s and the late 1920s, he was as well known as actors Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks. He was one of the highest paid stars of his time; making $5,000 a week in 1915, and $2 million a year via his own production company during the 1920s. He starred in over 80 movies and has two films in the U.S. National Film Registry. His international stardom transitioned both silent films and talkies.
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Seth MacFarlane
Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (; born October 26, 1973) is an American animator, writer, producer, actor, singer, voice actor, and director best known for creating the animated sitcoms Family Guy, American Dad! and The Cleveland Show, for which he also voices many of the shows' various characters.
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Seth Meyers
Seth Adam Meyers (born December 28, 1973) is an American actor and comedian, currently serving as head writer for Saturday Night Live and anchoring its news parody segment Weekend Update.
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Shanice
Shanice Lorraine Wilson-Knox (born May 14, 1973), better known as Shanice, is an American singer-songwriter. In 1991, she scored a Top 5 Billboard hit with the single "I Love Your Smile", followed by another Top 5 single "Saving Forever for You" in 1993.
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Shannon Elizabeth
Shannon Elizabeth (born September 7, 1973) is an American actress and former fashion model. Elizabeth came to prominence in the 1999 comedy film American Pie.
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Sharlee D'Angelo
'''Sharlee D'Angelo''' is the bassist for Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy, as well as the Swedish hard rock band Spiritual Beggars.
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Shingo Katayama
Shingo Katayama (片山 晋呉; born 31 January 1973) is a Japanese golfer.
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Shota Arveladze
Shota Arveladze (born 22 February 1973 in Tbilisi) is a former Georgian professional football player and currently the manager of Kayserispor. He is Georgia’s all-time top scorer with 246 goals in his 410 league games for his clubs and 26 goals during his 61 games on the national team. For the 2010-11 season, he will be head coach of Turkish side Kayserispor.
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Sidney Blackmer
Sidney Alderman Blackmer (13 July 1895 – 6 October 1973) was an American actor.
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Silvia Corzo
Silvia Milena Corzo Pinto (born October 30, 1973 in Bucaramanga, Santander) is a Colombian lawyer, journalist and news presenter for Caracol TV.
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Sonia Deol
Sonia Deol (born 8 February 1973) is a British radio and television presenter who has presented the Sonia Deol Show on the BBC Asian Network.
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Stefano Garzelli
Stefano Garzelli (born July 16, 1973, in Varese) is an Italian professional road racing cyclist. The high point of his career to date was his overall win in the 2000 Giro d'Italia, after a close three-way competition with Gilberto Simoni and Francesco Casagrande.
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Stephen Fleming
Stephen Paul Fleming (born 1 April 1973 in Christchurch, New Zealand) is a New Zealand cricketer, and the former captain of the New Zealand national cricket team, known as the Black Caps, in Test and one-day cricket. Known for his astute tactical abilities, he is New Zealand's most capped test player with 111 appearances, longest-serving and most successful captain , having led the side to 28 victories and having won Test match series' against India, England, West Indies, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. He retired from international cricket on 26 March 2008. Fleming played in the 2008 Indian Premier League for the Chennai Super Kings after being signed for US$350,000.. In the cricketing world he is widely regarded as one of the best captains ever.
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Stephenie Meyer
Stephenie Meyer (born December 24, 1973), née Morgan, is an American author best known for her vampire romance series Twilight. The Twilight novels have gained worldwide recognition and sold over 100 million copies globally, with translations into 37 different languages. Meyer is also the author of the adult science-fiction novel The Host.
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Steve McKenna
Steve McKenna (born August 21, 1973 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and a veteran of eight seasons in the NHL.
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Steve Staios
Steven Staios (born July 28, 1973 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has played both right wing and defence in the NHL.
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Steven Burns
Steven Michael "Steve" Burns (born October 9, 1973) is an American entertainer. He is best known as the original host of the long-running children's television program ''Blue's Clues''.
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Steven Menzies
Steve "Beaver" Menzies (born 4 December 1973 in Manly, New South Wales) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer best known for his stellar career with the Manly Sea Eagles. He currently plays for the Catalans Dragons of the European Super League after agreeing a one-year deal which will be his final season in his professional playing career. Menzies has spent the majority of his playing career in the back row but in recent years he has played in the centres, at five-eighth and as a utility player off the bench.
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Surya Bonaly
Surya Bonaly (born December 15, 1973) is a French-American professional figure skater. She is a three-time World Championship silver medalist, a five-time European Champion, the 1991 World Junior Champion and a nine-time French National Champion.
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Svetlana Boginskaya
Svetlana Leonidovna Boginskaya (born February 9, 1973 in Minsk) is a Soviet/Belarusian gymnast. She was called the "Belarusian Swan" and the "Goddess of Gymnastics" due to her height, balletic grace, and long lines. She is especially renowned for the drama and artistry she displayed on floor exercise. Boginskaya is a three-time Olympic Champion, winning an individual gold medal in Vault at the 1988, and team golds in 1988 and 1992.
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Swede Savage
David Earl "Swede" Savage, Jr. (August 26, 1946 - July 2, 1973) was an American race car driver.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
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Takao Yoshida
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Takeshi Kaneshiro
Takeshi Kaneshiro (Japanese and Chinese: , romaji: Kaneshiro Takeshi, Pinyin: Jīnchéng Wǔ), born October 11, 1973, is an actor of mixed heritage – his father is Ryukyuan and his mother is of Taiwanese descent. He speaks Japanese, Mandarin, Cantonese, Taiwanese Hokkien and English.
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Tara Strong
Tara Lyn Charendoff-Strong (born February 12, 1973) is a Canadian American actress, voice-over artist, comedienne, musician, singer, and businesswoman, perhaps best known for her extensive voice acting in animated films and television.
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Tedy Bruschi
Tedy Lacap Bruschi (; born June 9, 1973 in ) is a former professional American football linebacker. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft. He played college football at Arizona.
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Terrell Owens
Terrell Eldorado Owens () (born on December 7, 1973) is an American football wide receiver for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). A six-time Pro Bowl selection and former holder of the league single-game reception record, Owens has been one of the dominant receivers of his era. He holds or shares several NFL records, and his body of work has placed him in the top-10 in several receiving categories, including yards and touchdowns.
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The Corrs
The Corrs are a Celtic folk rock band from Dundalk, Ireland. The group consists of the Corr siblings: Andrea (lead vocals, tin whistle); Sharon (violin, vocals); Caroline (drums, piano, bodhrán, vocals); and Jim (guitar, piano, vocals).
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The Neptunes
The Neptunes are a record production duo consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo, who are credited with contributing the sound for some successful hip hop, R&B; and pop artists in the late-1990s and 2000s.
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Theo Epstein
Theo Nathan Epstein (born December 29, 1973 in New York City) is the Executive Vice President/General Manager of the Boston Red Sox. On November 25, 2002, the Red Sox made him the youngest GM in the history of Major League Baseball by hiring him at the age of 28. In 2004, he was general manager of the club that won the first World Series championship by the Red Sox in 86 years and was in the position when the team won a second in the 2007 season. Epstein resigned in October 2005, but was rehired as GM and Executive Vice President on January 24, 2006.
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Thomas Pynchon
Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Jr. (born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist. For his most praised novel, ''Gravity's Rainbow'', Pynchon received the National Book Award, and is regularly cited as a contender for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pynchon is a MacArthur Fellow, is noted for his dense and complex novels, and both his fiction and non-fiction writings encompass a vast array of subject matter, styles and themes, including (but not limited to) the fields of history, science, and mathematics.
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Tim Holt
Tim Holt (February 5, 1919 – February 15, 1973) was an American film actor, perhaps best-known for co-starring in the 1948 film The Treasure of the Sierra Madre.
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Todd Helton
Todd Lynn Helton (born August 20, 1973 in Knoxville, Tennessee) is a Major League Baseball first baseman for the Colorado Rockies.
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Tomasz Radzinski
Tomasz Radziński (born 14 December 1973 in Poznań, Poland) is a Polish Canadian footballer who currently plays as a striker for Belgian First Division side Lierse.
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Tomáš Galásek
Tomáš Galásek (born 15 January 1973 in Frýdek-Místek) is a Czech football player. He is a holding midfielder who is also strong as a centre back and plays for FSV Erlangen-Bruck.
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Tony Vincent
Tony Vincent, born Anthony Peter Strascina, is an American actor, singer and songwriter born in Albuquerque, New Mexico (July 25, 1973) and based out of New York City, New York. He took the stage name Tony Vincent when he was preparing to release his first EP in 1993, after his grandfather Vincent Strascina. Tony's given name is sometimes incorrectly listed as Anthony Vincent Strascina.
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Tori Spelling
Victoria Davey "Tori" Spelling (born May 16, 1973) is an American actress. Spelling became known in the early 1990s for appearing in the Beverly Hills, 90210 as Donna Martin. Spelling then had roles in a string of made-for-television films, such as A Friend to Die For and Mother, May I Sleep with Danger?. She later appeared in several independent films such as Trick and The House of Yes. She reprised her prominent role in the spinoff, 90210 in 2009. Her autobiographical book sTORI Telling debuted on top of the New York Times Best Seller list and was named the best celebrity autobiography of 2009.
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Tyra Banks
Tyra Lynne Banks (born December 4, 1973) is an American model, media personality, actress, occasional singer, and businesswoman. She first became famous as a model in Paris, Milan, London, Tokyo and New York, but television appearances were her commercial breakthrough. Banks is the creator and host of the UPN/The CW reality television show ''America's Next Top Model, co-creator of True Beauty, and host of her own talk show, The Tyra Banks Show.''
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Varg Vikernes
Varg Vikernes (; born 11 February 1973) is a Norwegian black metal musician convicted of murder and arson.
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Vasyl Velychkovsky
Blessed Vasyl Velychkovsky (June 1, 1903, Stanyslaviv, Austria-Hungary - June 30, 1973, Winnipeg, Canada) - blessed bishop of Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church (Eastern rite Catholics), whose body 30 years after his death was found to be almost incorrupt (his toes had fallen off and were subsequently divided to be used as holy relics). Beatified in 2001, the intact remains of Blessed Vasyl are enshrined at St. Joseph's Ukrainian Catholic Church in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Vaughn Monroe
Vaughn Wilton Monroe (October 7, 1911 – May 21, 1973) was an American baritone singer, trumpeter and big band leader and actor, most popular in the 1940s and 1950s. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for recording and radio.
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Veda Ann Borg
Veda Ann Borg (January 11, 1915 – August 16, 1973) was an American film actress.
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Vera Farmiga
Vera Ann Farmiga (; born August 6, 1973) is an American actress, best known for her roles in the films Running Scared, The Departed, Orphan, and Up in the Air. For her role in Up in the Air, she was nominated for a Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild Award, a BAFTA and Academy Award. For her role in Never Forever, critic G. Allen Johnson described her as "...the best American actress you've never heard of."
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Vera Panova
Vera Fyodorovna Panova (; - March 3, 1973) was a Soviet Russian writer.
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Veronica Lake
Veronica Lake (November 14, 1922 – July 7, 1973) was an American film actress and pin-up model. She received both popular and critical acclaim, most notably for her femme fatale roles in film noir with Alan Ladd during the 1940s, and was well-known for her peek-a-boo hairstyle. Her success did not last; she had a string of broken marriages and long struggles with mental illness and alcoholism until she died of hepatitis.
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Victor Jara
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to 15 May 1975 when the Mayaguez Incident concluded and two weeks after the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. The 'Mayaguez incident' involving the Khmer Rouge government in Cambodia on 12–15 May 1975, marked the last official battle of the United States (U.S.) involvement in the Vietnam War. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations.
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Václav Renč
Václav Renč (28 November 1911, Vodochody – 30 April 1973, Brno) was a Czech poet, dramatist and translator. Like other catholic ruralistic writers, his themes included God, traditions and the countryside.
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W. H. Auden
Wystan Hugh Auden (21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973, ) who published as W. H. Auden, was an Anglo-American poet,
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Wally Cox
Wallace Maynard Cox (December 6, 1924 – February 15, 1973) was an American comedian and actor, particularly associated with the early years of television in the United States. He appeared in the U.S. TV series Mr. Peepers (1952–55), plus several other popular shows, and as a character actor in over 20 films. Wally Cox was the voice of the popular animated cartoon character Underdog. Although often cast as a meek milquetoast, he was actually strong and athletic. He married three times and was a close friend of Marlon Brando.
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Walt Kelly
Walter Crawford Kelly, Jr. (August 25, 1913 – October 18, 1973), better known as Walt Kelly, was an American animator and cartoonist, best known for the classic comic strip, Pogo. He won the National Cartoonists Society's Reuben Award in 1951 for Cartoonist of the Year, and their Silver T-Square Award in 1972, which is given to persons having "demonstrated outstanding dedication or service to the Society or the profession."
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Walter Ulbricht
Walter Ulbricht (30 June 1893 – 1 August 1973) was a German communist politician. As General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1950 to 1971, he played a leading role in the early development and establishment of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
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Wang Junxia
Wang Junxia (; born January 19, 1973 in Jiaohe, Jilin City, Jilin) is a Chinese former long-distance runner.
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Wassily Leontief
Wassily Wassilyovich Leontief (; August 5, 1905, Munich, Germany February 5, 1999, New York), was a Russian-American economist notable for his research on how changes in one economic sector may have an effect on other sectors. Leontief won the Nobel Committee's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1973, and three of his doctoral students have also been awarded the prize (Paul Samuelson 1970, Robert Solow 1987, Vernon Smith 2002).
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Wilfred Rhodes
Wilfred Rhodes (29 October 1877 – 8 July 1973) was an English professional cricketer who played 58 Test matches for England between 1899 and 1930. In Tests, Rhodes took 127 wickets in and scored 2,325 runs, becoming the first Englishman to complete the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in Test matches. He holds the world records both for the most appearances made in first-class cricket (1,110 matches), and for the most wickets taken (4,204). He completed the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in an English cricket season a record 16 times. Rhodes played for Yorkshire and England into his fifties, and in his final Test in 1930 was, at 52 years and 165 days, the oldest player who has appeared in a Test match.
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William Inge
William Motter Inge ( "inj"; – ) was an American playwright and novelist, whose works typically feature solitary protagonists encumbered with strained sexual relations. In the early 1950s, he had a string of memorable Broadway productions, and one of these, Picnic, earned him a Pulitzer Prize. With his portraits of small-town life and settings rooted in the American heartland, Inge became known as the "Playwright of the Midwest".
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Wilson Cruz
Wilson Cruz (born Wilson Echevarría; December 27, 1973) is an American actor, better known for playing a homosexual teenager on My So-Called Life and a recurring character on ''Noah's Arc''. In both his acting and his community work, Cruz has served as a model and mentor to gay youth, especially gay youth of color.
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World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
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Yevgeny Sadovyi
Yevgeny Viktorovich Sadovyi (; born 19 January 1973) is a retired Russian freestyle swimmer who won three gold medals at the 1992 Summer Olympics at Barcelona and was subsequently chosen by Swimming World magazine as the Male World Swimmer of the Year.
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Yoo Chae-yeong
Yoo Chae-yeong (born September 22, 1977) is a South Korean singer and actress. She debuted at the age of 17 and was a former member K-Pop group Cool. Because she sported a shaved head, the group received much attention from the media. After their first album, Yoo Chae-yeong was replaced by Yuri as the vocalist. Emotion was popular in China after her movie Sex Is Zero. She is lingering long in memories of the Chinese as a dance singer with alluring voice. She was back with her first single album, Another Decade in 2009 after 10 years' absence.
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Yuko Nakazawa
is a Japanese pop and enka singer, and actress, best known as one of the original members of the all-female J-pop group Morning Musume.
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Yuri Landman
Yuri Landman (born February 1, 1973) is a Dutch experimental luthier and musicologist who has made several experimental electric string instruments for a list of artists including Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth, Liars, Jad Fair of Half Japanese and Liam Finn. He has also been active as a comic book creator, musician, and singer.
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Zhu Yu (author)
Zhu Yu () was an author of the Chinese Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). He retired in Huang Gang(黄岗) of the Hubei province, bought a country house and named it "Pingzhou". He called himself "Expert Vegetable Grower of Pingzhou (萍洲老圃)". Between 1111 and 1117 AD, Zhu Yu wrote the book Pingzhou Ketan (萍洲可談; Pingzhou Table Talks), published in 1119 AD. It covered a wide variety of maritime subjects and issues in China at the time. His extensive knowledge of maritime engagements, technologies, and practices were due to the fact that his father, Zhu Fu, was the Port Superintendent of Merchant Shipping for Guangzhou from 1094 until 1099 AD, whereupon he was elevated to the status of governor there and served in that office until 1102 AD.
http://wn.com/Zhu_Yu_(author)
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1973 Ezeiza massacre
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Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
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Argentine Republic
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Australia
{{Infobox country
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Bahamas
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Baltimore, Maryland
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Beirut
Beirut (, Bayrūt) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon with a population ranging from some 1 million to over 2 million as of 2007. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's coastline with the Mediterranean sea, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan Area, which consists of the city and its suburbs. The first mention of this metropolis is found in the ancient Egyptian Tell el Amarna letters, dating to the 15th century BC, and the city has been continuously inhabited since.
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Bermuda
Bermuda (; officially, the Bermudas or Somers Islands) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida. Its capital city is Hamilton but the largest municipality is the town of Saint George's.
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Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital (), until 2000 called Santa Fé de Bogotá, is the capital city of Colombia, as well as the most populous city in the country, with an estimated 7,304,384 inhabitants as of 2009. Bogotá and its metropolitan area, which includes municipalities such as Chía, Cota, Soacha, Cajicá and La Calera, had an estimated population of 8,566,926 in 2009. In terms of land area, Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia, one of the biggest of Latin America, figures in the 30th largest cities of the world, and it is the third-highest capital city in the world after (La Paz and Quito) at 2640 metres above sea level. With its many universities and libraries, Bogotá has become known as "The Athens of South America". Bogotá owns the biggest moorland of the world, which is located in the Sumapaz Locality.
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Bosporus
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Boston
Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. Boston city proper had a 2009 estimated population of 645,169, making it the twentieth largest in the country. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region includes six Massachusetts counties, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Plymouth, and Worcester, all of Rhode Island and parts of New Hampshire; it is home to 7.5 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
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Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires () is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent. Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the third-largest conurbation in Latin America, with a population of around 13 million.
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Cambodia
The "Kingdom of Cambodia" "Royaume du Cambodge" (official name), also known as Cambodia, derived from Sanskrit Kambujadesa ()), is a country in Southeast Asia that borders Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The geography of Cambodia is dominated by rivers and a lake namely: The Mekong River (Upper and Lower) (Khmer: ទន្លេមេគង្គ Tonlé Mékong Pronounced: Tonlé Mékung = Mother Water River), Sab River Tonlé Sap (Khmer: ទន្លេសាប Pronounced: Tonlé Sab = Fresh Water River), Bassac River Tonlé Bassac (Khmer: ទន្លេបាសាក់ Pronounced: Tonlé Bassuck = ?)
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Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
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Chile
Chile (, in English often pronounced //,), officially the Republic of Chile ( ), is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. With Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America which do not border Brazil. The Pacific coastline of Chile is 6,435 kilometres (4000 mi). Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
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Clay Cross
Clay Cross is a former mining town and civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England, about six miles south of Chesterfield. It is directly on the A61, the former Roman road Ryknield Street. Surrounding settlements include North Wingfield, Tupton, Pilsley and Ashover.
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CN Tower
The CN Tower, located in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and observation tower standing tall. It surpassed the height of the Ostankino Tower becoming the tallest free-standing structure on land in the world for the next 31 years.
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Colombia
Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (, ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
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County Waterford
County Waterford () is one of the twenty-six counties of the Republic of Ireland, and also one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland, located within the province of Munster. It was named after the city of Waterford (which derives from the Old Norse name Veðrafjǫrðr or Vedrarfjord). Dungarvan is the administrative centre of County Waterford. Waterford is the 21st largest of Ireland’s 32 counties in area and 20th largest in terms of population. It is the smallest of Munster’s 6 counties in size and smallest in terms of population.
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Denmark
Denmark (; , , archaic: ), officially the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: ) together with Greenland and the Faroe Islands, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy (commonly considered a part of Jutland), Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea; before the digging of the Kiel Canal, water passage to the Baltic Sea was possible only through the three channels known as the "Danish straits".
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Derbyshire
{| class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; float: right; margin-left: 1em" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="300"
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Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas () is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,218 people (2006). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and a sweeping bay of two miles. The River Douglas forms part of the town's harbour and main commercial port.
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Dublin
Dublin (; locally or ) is the primate and capital city of Ireland. It is officially known in Irish as Baile Átha Cliath or Áth Cliath . The English name is derived from the Irish Dubh Linn (meaning "black pool"). The city has an urban population of over 1 million people and is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. Originally founded as a Viking settlement, it evolved into the Kingdom of Dublin and became the island's primary city following the Norman invasion. It is currently ranked 29th in the Global Financial Centres Index, has one of the fastest growing populations of any European capital city, and is listed by the GaWC as a global city (with a ranking of Alpha), placing Dublin among the top 30 cities in the world. It is a historical and contemporary cultural centre for the country, as well as a modern centre of education, the arts, administration, economy and industry.
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Egypt
Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
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England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Golan Heights
The Golan Heights (, ''Haḍbatu 'l-Jawlān or مرتفعات الجولان, Murtafaʻātu l-Jawlānː , Ramat ha-Golan'' ), sometimes referred to as the Syrian Heights, form a rocky plateau of great strategic importance with an average altitude of and an area totaling . The plateau is located at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains and straddles the borders of Syria and Israel. Elevations range from in the north, to below sea level along the Sea of Galilee and the Yarmuk River in the south. Its population numbers around 120,000 and consists mainly of Druze and Jews. A popular tourist destination attracting 3 million tourists a year, the Golan has a rich history and features numerous archeological landmarks, scenic streams, mountains and waterfalls. The Golan Heights contribute significantly to the water resources of the region, providing about 15% of Israel's water supply. The region is also the source of a large proportion of Israel's agricultural production.
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Greece
Greece (; , Elláda, ; , Hellás, ), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía, ), is a country in southeastern Europe. Situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the tenth longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at .
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Guinea-Bissau
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (; , ) is located in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west.
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Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
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Heimaey
Heimaey (, Home Island) is the largest island (13.4 km² - 5.2 sq. miles) in the Vestmannaeyjar cluster, approximately 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off the south coast of Iceland. It is the only island in Vestmannaeyjar that is populated, and there are around 4,500 inhabitants.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Houston
Houston () is the fourth-largest city in the United States of America and the largest city in the state of Texas. As of the 2009 U.S. Census estimate, the city had a population of 2.3 million within an area of . Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of the metropolitan area—the metropolitan area in the U.S. with a population of approximately 5.9 million.
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Iceland
:
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Israel
Israel (, ''Yisrā'el; , Isrā'īl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Medīnat Yisrā'el; , Dawlat Isrā'īl''), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and Gaza on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is the world's only predominantly Jewish state, and is defined as A Jewish and Democratic State by the Israeli government.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
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Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
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Jeddah
Jeddah (also spelled Jiddah, Jidda, or Jedda; Jidda) is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. The population of the city currently stands at over 3.4 million. It is an important commercial hub in Saudi Arabia.
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Kano
Kano is a city in Nigeria and the capital of Kano State in Northern Nigeria. Its metropolitan population is the second largest in Nigeria after Lagos. The Kano Urban area covers 137 sq.km and comprises six Local Government Areas (LGAs) - Kano Municipal, Fagge, Dala, Gwale, Tarauni and Nassarawa - with a population of 2,163,225 at the 2006 Nigerian census. The Metropolitan Area covers 499 sq.km and comprises eight LGSs - the six mentioned above plus Ungogo and Kumbotso - with a population of 2,828,861 at the 2006 Nigerian census.
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Kingman, Arizona
Kingman (Huwaalyapay Nyava in Mojave) is the county seat and city of Mohave County, Arizona. According to 2006 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 27,271. The nearby communities of Butler and Golden Valley bring the Kingman area's total population to about 48,000.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull ( usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of ().
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Kyūshū
or Kyushu is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. Its alternate ancient names include Kyūkoku (九国 Nine States), Chinzei (鎮西 West of the Pacified Area), and Tsukushi-no-shima (筑紫島 Island of Tsukushi). The historical regional name Saikaidō (西海道 West Sea Circuit) referred to Kyūshū and its surrounding islands.
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Logan Airport
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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London Bridge
London Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames, connecting the City of London and Southwark, in central London. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London. On the south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and London Bridge station; on the north side are the Monument to the Great Fire of London and Monument tube station.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
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Madrid
Madrid (Spanish , English ) is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million (as of December 2009); the entire population of the metropolitan area (urban area and suburbs) is calculated to be nearly 6 million. It is the third-most populous municipality in the European Union after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third-most populous in the European Union after Paris and London. The city spans a total of 698 km² (234 sq mi).
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Maryland
Maryland () is an American state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland has the highest median household income of any state, with a median income of $70,545. Maryland was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, and three nicknames for it, the Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State are occasionally used.
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Morganza Spillway
The Morganza Spillway is a floodway used in connection with the Old River Control Structure and the Atchafalaya River located in east Central Louisiana. The use of the spillway would be used in case of a flood from the Mississippi River. It would ultimately divert water from the river into the Morganza Spillway and into the Atchafalaya Basin. It was used in 1973 to relieve pressure from the Old River Control Structure. Louisiana Highway 1 has a 4-mile bridge that travels over the spillway. The old 2-lane bridge is used by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
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Mountjoy Prison
Mountjoy Prison (), founded as Mountjoy Gaol, nicknamed The Joy, is a closed, medium security prison located in Phibsboro in the centre of Dublin, Ireland.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, ) is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's self-described mission statement is to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research."
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New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
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Nigeria
Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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North Vietnam
North Vietnam, also called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (), was a communist state that ruled the northern half of Vietnam from 1954 until 1976 following the Geneva Conference and laid claim to all of Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 during the First Indochina War, during which they controlled pockets of territory throughout the country.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
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Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,
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Old Bailey
The Central Criminal Court in England, commonly known as the Old Bailey from the street in which it stands, is a court building in central London, one of a number of buildings housing the Crown Court. The Crown Court sitting at the Central Criminal Court deals with major criminal cases from Greater London and, in exceptional cases, from other parts of England. Part of the present building stands on the site of the medieval Newgate Gaol, on Old Bailey, a road which follows the line of the City of London's fortified wall (or bailey). It lies between Holborn Circus and St Paul's Cathedral.
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Orlando, Florida
Orlando () is a major city in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat of Orange County and the center of the Greater Orlando metropolitan region. The Orlando metropolitan area has a population of 2,082,628 and it is the 27th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The city-proper population is 235,860 making Orlando the 80th largest city in the United States. It is Florida's fifth largest city by population. Orlando was incorporated on July 31, 1875, and became a city in 1885.
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
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Perth (Scotland)
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Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (, , , ), described as the Republic of Ireland (), is a state in northwest Europe with a population of almost 4.5 million people. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional republic occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned into two jurisdictions in 1921. It is bordered to the northeast by Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea to the east, St George's Channel to the southeast, and the Celtic Sea to the south.
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Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. The Rochester metropolitan area is the second largest regional economy in all of New York State according to the U.S. Internal Revenue, after the New York City metropolitan area. Known as ''The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City''. It is the county seat for Monroe County.
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Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
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Senegalese
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Sinai Desert
#REDIRECTSinai Peninsula
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Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai; ''sīnā'a''; Hebrew סיני) is a triangular peninsula in Egypt which is about . It lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Red Sea to the south, and is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia as opposed to Africa. In addition to its formal name, Egyptians also refer to it affectionately as the "Land of Fayrouz", based on the Ancient Egyptian "Dumafkat", which has the same meaning. The peninsula is divided into two Egyptian governorates, and has a population of approximately 1.3 million people.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Soyuz 11
Soyuz 11 (, Union 11) was the first successful visit to the world's first space station, Salyut 1. The mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurised during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-man crew. This accident resulted in the only deaths to occur in space (as opposed to high atmosphere). The crew members aboard Soyuz 11 were Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Stonewall, Texas
Stonewall is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gillespie County, Texas, United States. The population was 469 at the 2000 census. It was named for Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson, by Israel P. Nunez, who established a stage station near the site in 1870.
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Summerland disaster
The Summerland disaster occurred when a fire spread through the Summerland leisure centre in Douglas on the Isle of Man on the night of 2 August 1973. 50 people were killed and 80 seriously injured.
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Sweden
Sweden (pronounced , ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany, and Poland to the south, and Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia to the east. Sweden is also connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
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Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
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Sydney Opera House
The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was conceived and largely built by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, who, in 2003, received the Pritzker Prize, architecture's highest honour.
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Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, also known (especially in the past) as Formosa (from , "Beautiful Island"), is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It comprises most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" is also a common name to refer to the entire country of the Republic of China.
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Texas
Texas () is the second-largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state in the contiguous United States.
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Tokyo
, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family.
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Toronto
Toronto (, colloquially or ) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which is home to over 8.1 million residents—approximately 25% of Canada's population. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,113,149, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 5,555,912 in the 2006 Census.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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U.S.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Varig Flight 820
Varig Flight 820 was a scheduled airline service from Galeão Airport, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Orly Airport, Paris, France. On 11 July 1973, the Boeing 707 made an emergency landing in a field in the Orly commune due to smoke in the cabin. The fire, smoke, and crash at the final part of the landing resulted in 123 deaths, with 11 survivors (10 crew, 1 passenger).
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Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
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Westminster Abbey
The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, England (UK), located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) monarchs of the Commonwealth Realms. It briefly held the status of a cathedral from 1546–1556, and is a Royal Peculiar.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
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Whitehall
Whitehall is a road in Westminster in London, England. It is the main artery running north from Parliament Square, towards traditional Charing Cross, now at the southern end of Trafalgar Square and marked by the statue of Charles I, which is often regarded as the heart of London. Recognised as the centre of HM Government, the road is lined with government departments/ministries; "Whitehall" is therefore also frequently used as a metonym for overall UK governmental administration, as well as being a geographic name for the surrounding district.
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World Trade Center
The World Trade Center (WTC) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan in New York City that were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The site is currently being rebuilt with six new skyscrapers and a memorial to the casualties of the attacks.
http://wn.com/World_Trade_Center
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James Blunt - 1973 (Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Published: 13 Aug 2007
- Updated: 30 Mar 2012
- Author: jamesbluntmusic
© 2007 WMG 1973 (Video)
http://wn.com/James_Blunt__1973_Video
Free Bird - Lynyrd Skynyrd (1973)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:10
- Published: 12 Jun 2007
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
- Author: DreamOnAerosmith
From their 1973 album "Pronounced Leh-Nerd Skin-Nerd"
http://wn.com/Free_Bird__Lynyrd_Skynyrd_1973
Isaac Hayes - Shaft - live 1973
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Published: 26 Oct 2007
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
- Author: oscarbm2000
Isaac Hayes´s live 1973, the song is Shaft, the other man is Jesse Jackson. The Soul Man was died 11.8.2008 From Spain, Rest in peace Black Moses... visit mp3 files on www.myspace.com/bomboconocecajaprods
http://wn.com/Isaac_Hayes__Shaft__live_1973
Thin Lizzy - Whiskey in the jar 1973
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Published: 14 Feb 2009
- Updated: 28 Mar 2012
- Author: fritz51327
Thin Lizzy - Whiskey in the jar 1973 As I was going over the Cork and Kerry mountains I saw Captain Farrell and his money he was counting I first produced my pistol and then produced my rapier I said: Stand or deliver or the devil he may take you! Mush a ring dum a doo dum a da, Whack for my daddy'o, whack for my daddy'o, there's whisky in the jar o. I took all of his money and it was a pretty penny I took all of his money and I brought it home to Molly She swore that she'd love me, never would she leave me For the devil take that woman, for you know she treat me easy Mush a ring dum a doo dum a da, Whack for my daddy'o, whack for my daddy'o, there's whisky in the jar o. (Instrumental) Now some men like the fishing and some men like the fowling And some men like to hear the cannonball a roaring Me-like sleeping, specially in my Molly's chamber But here I am in prison, here I am with a ball and chain yeah. Mush a ring dum a doo dum a da, Whack for my daddy'o, whack for my daddy'o, there's whisky in the jar o. Like a drunk one with you And I loved, I loved
http://wn.com/Thin_Lizzy__Whiskey_in_the_jar_1973
Roberta Flack - Killing Me Softly ( 1973 )
Studio Version. Lyrics. pics. www.robertaflack.com Strumming my pain with his fingers Singing my life with his words Killing me softly with his song Killing me softly with his song Telling my whole life with his words Killing me softly with his song I heard he sang a good song I heard he had a style And so I came to see him To listen for a while And there he was this young boy A stranger to my eyes Strumming my pain with his fingers Singing my life with his words Killing me softly with his song Killing me softly with his song Telling my whole life with his words Killing me softly with his song I felt all flushed with fever Embarassed by the crowd I felt he found my letters And read each one out loud I prayed that he would finish But he just kept right on Strumming my pain with his fingers Singing my life with his words Killing me softly with his song Killing me softly with his song Telling my whole life with his words Killing me softly with his song He sang as if he knew me In all my dark despair And then he looked right through me As if I wasn't there And he just kept on singing Singing clear and strong Strumming my pain with his fingers Singing my life with his words Killing me softly with his song Killing me softly with his song Telling my whole life with his words Killing me softly with his song [Break] Strumming my pain with his fingers Singing my life with his words Killing me softly with his song Killing me softly with his song Telling my whole life with his words <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Roberta_Flack__Killing_Me_Softly__1973_
Kinks - Lola 1973
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Published: 11 Mar 2009
- Updated: 24 Mar 2012
- Author: fritz51340
Kinks - Lola 1973 live Released 1970 I met her in a club down in old Soho Where you drink champagne and it tastes like a cherry-cola She walked up to me and she asked me to dance I asked her her name and in a dark brown voice she said Lola Lola Lola La La La La Lola Well, I'm not the world's most physical guy, But when she squeezed me tight she nearly broke my spine oh my Lola, la-la la-la Lola Well, I'm not dumb, but I can't understand Why she walked like a woman and talked like a man oh my Lola, la-la la-la Lola La-la la-la Lola Well we drank champagne and danced all night under electric candlelight She picked me up and sat me on her knees said good boy, won't you come home with me ? Well, I'm not the world's most passionate guy, But when I looked in her eyes, well, I almost fell for my Lola la-la la-la Lola, La-la la-la Lola Lola, la-la la-la Lola la-la la-la Lola I pushed her away I walked to the door I fell to the floor, I got down on my knees well I looked at her and she at me. That's the way, that I want it to stay And I always wanted it to be that way for my Lola la-la la-la Lola, Girls will be boys and boys will be girls, It's a mixed up, mouled up, shook up world except for Lola la-la la-la Lola Well, I left home just a week before and I'd never ever kissed a woman before But Lola's mine and took me by the hand Said good boy gonna make you a man !" Well, I'm not the world's most mascular man, But I know what I am I'm glad I'm a man and so is Lola la-la la-la <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Kinks__Lola_1973
Strawbs - Part of the union 1973
Strawbs - Part of the union 1973 Now I'm a union man Amazed at what I am I say what I think That the company stinks Yes I'm a union man. When we meet in the local hall I'll be voting with them all With a hell of a shout It's out brothers out And the rise of the factory's fall. Oh you don't get me I'm part of the union You don't get me I'm part of the union You don't get me I'm part of the union Till the day I die, till the day I die. As a union man I'm wise To the lies of the company spies And I don't get fooled By the factory rules 'Cause I always read between the lines. And I always get my way If I strike for higher pay When I show my card To the Scotland Yard This what I say. Oh you don't get me I'm part of the union You don't get me I'm part of the union You don't get me I'm part of the union Till the day I die, till the day I die. Before the union did appear My life was half as clear Now I've got the power To the working hour And every other day of the year. So though I'm a working man I can ruin the government's plan Though I'm not too hard The sight of my card Makes me some kind of superman. Oh you don't get me I'm part of the union You don't get me I'm part of the union You don't get me I'm part of the union Till the day I die, till the day I die.
http://wn.com/Strawbs__Part_of_the_union_1973
James Blunt - 1973 (Live, in Koko, London, Sept 2007)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Published: 18 Nov 2007
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
- Author: SANTIAGOBLUNT
James Blunt en vivo desde Koko, Londres, en septiembre, 2007 | James Blunt Live from Koko, London, September, 2007.
http://wn.com/James_Blunt__1973_Live,_in_Koko,_London,_Sept_2007
Doobie Brothers - China Grove 1973
Doobie Brothers - China Grove 1974 When the sun comes up on a sleepy little town Down around San Antone And the folks are risin for another day round about their homes The people of the town are strange And theyre proud of where they came Well you're talking 'bout China Grove (Talking 'bout your China Grove) Wo ho ho! (Wo oh!) (China Grove) Well, the preacher and the teacher Lord, theyre a caution They are the talk of the town When the gossip gets to flyin And they aint lyin When the sun goes fallin down They say that the fathers insane And dear Miss Perkins a game We're talking 'bout your China Grove (Talking 'bout your China Grove) Wo ho ho! ( Wo oh! ) (China Grove) But every day there's a new thing comin The ways of an oriental view The sheriff and his buddies With their samurai swords You can even hear the music at night And though it's a part of the Lone Star State People don't seem to care They just keep on looking to the east ((Instrumental) We're talking 'bout your China Grove (Talking 'bout your China Grove) Wo ho ho! (Wo oh!)
http://wn.com/Doobie_Brothers__China_Grove_1973
Alice Cooper - Hello horray 1973
Alice Cooper - Hello Horray 1973 Hello! Hooray! Let the show begin, I've been ready. Hello! Hooray! Let the lights grow dim, I've been ready. Ready as this audience that's coming here to dream. Loving every second, ev'ry moment, ev'ry scream, I've been waiting so long to sing my song And I've been waiting so long for this thing to come. Yeah - I've been thinking so long I was the only one. Roll out! Roll out with your American dream and its recruits, I've been ready. Roll out! Roll out with your circus freaks and hula hoops, I've been ready. Ready as this audience that's coming here to dream. Loving every second, ev'ry moment, ev'ry scream, I've been waiting so long to sing my song And I've been waiting so long for this thing to come. Yeah - I've been thinking so long I was the only one. I can stand here strong and thin. I can laugh when this thing begins. God, I feel so strong. I feel so strong. I'm so strong. I feel so strong. So strong. God, I feel so strong, I am so strong.
http://wn.com/Alice_Cooper__Hello_horray_1973
WESTWORLD ( 1973 ) TRAILER
Westworld - November 21, 1973 Director - Michael Crichton Satrring - Yul Brynner, Richard Benjamin, James Brolin
http://wn.com/WESTWORLD__1973__TRAILER
Funkadelic - Cosmic Slop Live 1973
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Published: 20 Dec 2008
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
- Author: fonkeyfonkey
Funkadelic live in New York City.
http://wn.com/Funkadelic__Cosmic_Slop_Live_1973
Deep Purple - Smoke On The Water HD 1973 (Live in USA)
New York, May 1973 Key-Jon Lord, Ds -Ian Paice, G -Ritchie Blackmore, Vo -Ian Gillan, B -Roger Glover
http://wn.com/Deep_Purple__Smoke_On_The_Water_HD_1973_Live_in_USA
Wishbone Ash - Warrior - 1973
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Published: 15 Oct 2006
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
- Author: saintsluggo
Wishbone Ash Live on Rock Concert - 1973
http://wn.com/Wishbone_Ash__Warrior__1973
Sleeper (1973) - Trailer
Trailer for "Sleeper" starring Woody Allen and Diane Keaton.
http://wn.com/Sleeper_1973__Trailer
SECRETARIAT - 1973 Kentucky Derby
The 1973 Kentucky Derby won by the immortal SECRETARIAT in the record-smashing time of 1:59 2/5 that stands to this day.
http://wn.com/SECRETARIAT__1973_Kentucky_Derby
The Greatest Try of All Time, 1973 All Blacks vs. Barbarians
My glory days: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/The_Greatest_Try_of_All_Time,_1973_All_Blacks_vs_Barbarians
Jesus Christ Superstar (1973) - Everything's Alright
Andrew Lloyd Webber's classical opera - Jesus Christ Superstar (1973 Version)
http://wn.com/Jesus_Christ_Superstar_1973__Everything's_Alright
1973 | George Foreman vs Joe Frazier I
Frazier vs. Foreman - On the Sunshine Island, January 22, 1973 THE FIGHT Foreman and Frazier were two very different fighters. Foreman fought flat out, all guns full steam ahead, while Frazier, kept his left hook ready, waited and took blows, hoping to wear down his opponents. On the night of January 22, 1973, both men fought true to form. Foreman came out like a giant hurricane, swinging strongly, while Frazier held back, bobbing and weaving confidently. Almost immediately Foreman landed a solid punch to Frazier's gut and then, two light lefts and a right uppercut the first of many that would take the champ down. He was up in two but forced to wait for the mandatory eight count. He landed a solid left hook the only real blow Foreman took that night. In response, Foreman backed Smokin' Joe into the ropes and landed a hard left and right to the head. Five more rights and a set-up left followed and down went Frazier again. Again he took the eight count only to get up and run straight into a long, hard right to his head that sent him back to the canvas where he remained two counts after the bell had rung ending Round One. Round Two. Frazier emerged on the attack and was met with a left and a right to the jaw that dropped him again. After the mandatory eight count, he stood, dazed, flailing his punches and stumbling onto a right that lifted him off the floor and send him packing to the mat with a leg bent at an inopportune angle. Foreman called out to him, "Stay down, Joe <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/1973_|_George_Foreman_vs_Joe_Frazier_I
Fantastic Planet (1973) trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Published: 02 Jun 2007
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
- Author: sideshowcarny
Trailer for "Fantastic Planet" (1973). AKA "La Planète sauvage".
http://wn.com/Fantastic_Planet_1973_trailer
Yes-Starship Trooper 1973
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:08
- Published: 28 Dec 2008
- Updated: 29 Mar 2012
- Author: groovycleaner
From the YESSONGS album and video. My favorite version of Starship Trooper. Only the end was included in the concert video. I created a whole video using other footage from the show and the real ending. It will have to do unless the original film surfaces.
http://wn.com/Yes-Starship_Trooper_1973
james Blunt 1973 Lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Published: 13 Dec 2010
- Updated: 28 Mar 2012
- Author: Philipp171195
James Blunt - 1973 with lyrics
http://wn.com/james_Blunt_1973_Lyrics
THE EXORCIST - Trailer - HQ - (1973)
Trailer for William Friedkin's film starring Ellen Burstyn,Jason Miller,Max von Sydow,Lee J. Cobb,Linda Blair,Kitty Winn,Jack MacGowran,Reverend William O'Malley,Barton Heyman,Peter Masterson,Rudolf Schündler,Gina Petrushka,Robert Symonds,Arthur Storch,Reverend Thomas Bermingham,Vasiliki Maliaros,Titos Vandis,Wallace Rooney,Ron Faber,Mercedes McCambridge,
http://wn.com/THE_EXORCIST__Trailer__HQ__1973
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RELATED LINKS
WB Govt mulls amendment to Panchayat Act, 1973
28 Mar 2012
Zeenews
Kolkata: West Bengal government has been contemplating amendment to the present Panchayat Act, 1973, to remove some lacunae in it. ''We think there are some lacunae in the present Act and in view of this, we are considering amendment to the Panchayat Act, 1973'', state's Panchayat minister Subrata...(size: 2.0Kb)
Soufflé Grand Marnier: Circa 1973
28 Mar 2012
Denver Post
(The Denver Post) Recipe by Rene Mouttet, as reported by Helen Dollaghan in the March 25, 1973 edition of The Denver Post. Makes 8 servings. Ingredients FOR THE SAUCE 1 quart vanilla ice cream 6 egg yolks 2 tablespoons Grand Marnier (orange-flavored liqueur) FOR THE SOUFFLÉ 2 tablespoons...(size: 2.2Kb)
The New York Times
Former United States Representative Mario A. Biaggi’s mayoral campaign imploded in 1973 after the release of grand jury testimony confirming that he had refused to testify about certain financial matters and later lied by denying that he had invoked the Fifth Amendment. A new biography of a federal...(size: 8.1Kb)
The Examiner
The 70s was known for a candid selection of borderline B movies set in the heartland that struck a chord with audiences with tales of little people and big conflict. Often they were set in small town mid America with unlikely characters thrust into hero status. They weren't westerns, shoot 'em ups...(size: 6.5Kb)
Lubbock couple transforms 1973 Opel
26 Mar 2012
my SA
LUBBOCK, Texas (AP) — From orange to white, gas guzzling engine to electric, Charlie Rickman has metamorphosed a 1973 Opel GT. Rickman got the idea from a YouTube video about the similar transfiguration of a 1972 Datsun. He began searching for a car to transform. In 2007, Tamera Rickman, Charlie's...(size: 3.3Kb)
The Girl in Room 2A (1973)
23 Mar 2012
IMDb
Written and directed by: William Rose Cast: Daniela Giordano, John Scanlon, Angelo Infanti, Giovanna Galletti and Raf Vallone The Girl in Room...(size: 0.9Kb)
Duck Soup With Dumplings: Circa 1973
21 Mar 2012
Denver Post
(Orin A. Seally) Duck Soup With Dumplings Recipe by Beulah Pitner of Atwood, Kan., as reported by Helen Dollaghan in the Jan. 7, 1973, edition of The Denver Post. Ingredients FOR THE DUCK AND BROTH 1 domestic duckling, 4 to 5 pounds, thawed 3 quarts water 1 large clove garlic, sliced 1 medium whole...(size: 3.0Kb)
Circa 1973: Graham Cracker Torte
14 Mar 2012
Denver Post
Graham Cracker Torte. (Denver Post file)...(size: 4.3Kb)
Chicago Tribune
DULUTH, Minn. -- A published report says the amount of ice covering the Great Lakes has declined about 71 percent over the past 40 years, a drop that the lead author partly attributes to climate change. The report published last month by the American Meteorological Society said only about 5 percent...(size: 2.3Kb)
__NOTOC__
Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
January 1
* The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark enter the ''European Economic Community'', which later becomes the European Union.
* CBS sells the New York Yankees for $10 million to a 12-person syndicate led by George Steinbrenner (3.2 million dollars more than CBS bought the Yankees for).
January 4 – The pilot episode of the longest-running TV comedy series in the world ''Last of the Summer Wine'' is broadcast in the United Kingdom
January 14
* Elvis Presley's concert in Hawaii. The first worldwide telecast by an entertainer watched by more people than watched the Apollo moon landings.
* Super Bowl VII: The Miami Dolphins defeat the Washington Redskins 14–7 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, to complete the NFL's first Perfect Season in front of 90,182 fans.
January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. President Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam.
January 17 – Ferdinand Marcos becomes President for Life of the Philippines.
January 18 – Eleven Labour Party councillors in Clay Cross, Derbyshire, England, are ordered to pay £6,985 for not enforcing the Housing Finance Act.
January 20 – U.S. President Richard Nixon is inaugurated for his second term.
January 21 – The Communist League is founded in Denmark.
January 22
* ''Roe v. Wade'': The U.S. Supreme Court overturns state bans on abortion.
* George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the heavyweight world boxing championship.
* A Royal Jordanian Boeing 707 flight from Jeddah crashes in Kano, Nigeria; 176 people are killed.
* Former U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson dies at his Stonewall, Texas ranch, leaving no former U.S. President living until the resignation of Richard M. Nixon in 1974.
January 23
* Eldfell on the Icelandic island of Heimaey erupts.
* U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.
January 25 – English actor Derren Nesbitt is convicted of assaulting his wife Anne Aubrey.
January 27 – U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War ends with the signing of the Paris Peace Accords.
January 31 – Pan American and Trans World Airlines cancelled their options to buy 13 Concorde airliners.
February 6 – Toronto: Construction on the CN Tower begins.
February 11 – Vietnam War: The first American prisoners of war are released from Vietnam.
February 12 – Ohio becomes the first U.S. state to post distance in metric on signs (see Metric system in the United States).
February 13 – The United States Dollar is devalued by 10%.
February 16 – The Court of Appeal of England and Wales rules that the ''Sunday Times'' can publish articles on Thalidomide and Distillers Company Limited, despite ongoing legal actions by parents (the decision is overturned in July by the House of Lords).
February 21 – Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 (Boeing 727) is shot down by Israeli fighter aircraft over the Sinai Desert, after the passenger plane is suspected of being an enemy military plane. Only 5 (1 crew member and 4 passengers) of 113 survive.
February 22 – Sino-American relations: Following President Richard Nixon's visit to mainland China, the United States and the People's Republic of China agree to establish liaison offices.
February 26 – Edward Heath's British government publishes a Green Paper on prices and incomes policy.
February 27 – The American Indian Movement occupies Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
February 28
* The Republic of Ireland general election is held.
* The landmark postmodern novel ''Gravity's Rainbow'' by Thomas Pynchon is published.
March 1
*Dick Taverne, having resigned from the Parliament of the United Kingdom on leaving the Labour Party, is re-elected as a 'Democratic Labour' candidate.
* Pink Floyd's ''The Dark Side of the Moon'', one of rock's landmark albums, is released in the US. It is released in the UK on March 24th.
March 3 – Tottenham Hotspur wins the Football League Cup final at Wembley, beating Norwich City 1–0.
March 7 – Comet Kohoutek is discovered.
March 8
* In the 'Border Poll', voters in Northern Ireland vote to remain part of the United Kingdom. Irish nationalists are encouraged to boycott the referendum.
* Provisional Irish Republican Army bombs explode in Whitehall and the Old Bailey in England.
March 10 – Sir Richard Sharples, Governor of Bermuda, is assassinated in Government House.
March 17
* Elizabeth II opens the modern London Bridge.
* Many of the few remaining United States soldiers begin to leave Vietnam. One reunion of a former POW with his family is immortalized in the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph ''Burst of Joy''.
March 20 – A British government White Paper on Northern Ireland proposes the re-establishment of an Assembly elected by proportional representation, with a possible All-Ireland council.
March 21 – The Lofthouse Colliery disaster occurs in Great Britain.
March 23 – Watergate scandal (United States): In a letter to Judge John Sirica, Watergate burglar James W. McCord Jr. admits that he and other defendants have been pressured to remain silent about the case. He names former Attorney General John Mitchell as 'overall boss' of the operation.
March 29 – The last United States soldier leaves Vietnam.
April 2 – The LexisNexis computerized legal research service begins.
April 3 – The first handheld cellular phone call is made by Martin Cooper in New York City.
April 4 – The World Trade Center officially opens in New York City with a ribbon cutting ceremony.
April 5
* Fahri Korutürk becomes the sixth president of Turkey.
* ''Pioneer 11'' is launched on a mission to study the solar system.
April 6 – Ron Blomberg of the New York Yankees becomes the first designated hitter in Major League Baseball.
April 7 – ''Tu te reconnaîtras'' by Anne-Marie David (music by Claude Morgan, text by Vline Buggy) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1973 for Luxembourg.
April 10 – Israeli commandos raid Beirut, assassinating 3 leaders of the Palestinian Resistance Movement. The Lebanese army's inaction brings the immediate resignation of Prime Minister Saib Salam, a Sunni Muslim.
April 11 – The British House of Commons voted against restoring capital punishment by a margin of 142 votes.
April 12 – The Labour Party wins control of the Greater London Council.
April 15 – Naim Talu, a former civil servant forms the new government of Turkey (36th government)
April 17
The German counter-terrorist force GSG 9 is officially formed.
* Federal Express officially begins operations, with the launch of 14 small aircraft from Memphis International Airport. On that night, Federal Express delivers 186 packages to 25 U.S. cities from Rochester, New York, to Miami, Florida.
* The Morganza Spillway on the Mississippi River is opened for the first time to prevent catastrophic flooding of New Orleans.
April 20 – An Indian Pacific train en route to Perth, derails near Broken Hill, New South Wales, destroying a quarter mile of track.
April 26 – This first day of trading on the Chicago Board Options Exchange
April 28 – Six Irishmen, including Joe Cahill, are arrested by the Irish Naval Service off County Waterford, on board a coaster carrying 5 tons of weapons destined for the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
April 30 – Watergate Scandal: President Richard Nixon announces that top White House aides H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and others have resigned.
May 1 – An estimated 1,600,000 workers in the United Kingdom stop work in support of a Trade Union Congress "day of national protest and stoppage" against the Government's anti-inflation policy.
May 3 – The Sears Tower in Chicago is finished, becoming the world's tallest building at 1,451 feet.
May 5
Shambu Tamang becomes the youngest person to climb to the summit of Mount Everest.
* Sunderland AFC defeats Leeds United A.F.C. in the FA Cup final.
* Secretariat wins the Kentucky Derby.
May 8 – A 71-day standoff between federal authorities and American Indian Movement activists who were occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, ends with the surrender of the militants.
May 10
* The Polisario Front, a Sahrawi movement dedicated to the independence of Western Sahara, is formed.
* The New York Knicks defeat the Los Angeles Lakers, 102–93 in Game 5 of the NBA Finals to win the NBA title.
May 14
* ''Skylab'', the United States' first space station, is launched.
* The British House of Commons votes to abolish capital punishment in Northern Ireland.
May 17 – Watergate scandal: Televised hearings begin in the United States Senate.
May 18 – Cod War: Joseph Godber, British Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, announces that Royal Navy frigates will protect British trawlers fishing in the disputed 50-mile limit round Iceland.
May 19 – Secretariat wins the Preakness Stakes.
May 22 – Lord Lambton resigns from the British government over a 'call girl' scandal.
May 24 – Earl Jellicoe, Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords in Britain, resigns over a separate prostitution scandal.
May 25
* ''Skylab 2'' (Pete Conrad, Paul Weitz, Joseph Kerwin) is launched on a mission to repair damage to the recently launched ''Skylab'' space station.
* Héctor José Cámpora becomes democratic president of the Argentine Republic ending the 1966 to 1973 Revolución Argentina military dictatorship.
May 27 – By virtue of the non-retroactivity of Soviet copyright laws, all works published before this date are public domain. This applies worldwide.
June 1 – The Greek military junta abolishes the monarchy and proclaims a republic.
June 3 – A Tupolev Tu-144 crashes at the Paris air show; 15 are killed.
June 4 – A patent for the ATM is granted to Donald Wetzel, Tom Barnes and George Chastain.
June 9 – Secretariat wins the Belmont Stakes, becoming the first Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing winner since 1948.
June 10 – The grandson of J. Paul Getty is kidnapped in Rome.
June 16 – U.S. President Richard Nixon begins several talks with Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.
June 20 – The Ezeiza massacre occurs in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Snipers shoot on left-wing Peronists, killing at least 13 and injuring more than 300.
June 22 – W. Mark Felt ("Deep Throat") retires from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
June 23 – A house fire in Kingston upon Hull, England, which kills a 6-year-old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 fire deaths caused over the next 7 years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale.
June 24 – Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev addresses the American people on television, the first to do so.
June 25
* Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
* Erskine Hamilton Childers is elected the 4th President of Ireland.
* Watergate scandal: Former White House counsel John Dean begins his testimony before the Senate Watergate Committee.
June 26 – At Plesetsk Cosmodrome, 9 persons are killed in the explosion of a Cosmos 3-M rocket.
June 28 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland for the first time.
June 30 – A very long total solar eclipse occurs. During the entire 2nd millennium, only 7 total solar eclipses exceeded 7 minutes of totality.
July 1 – The United States Drug Enforcement Administration is founded.
July 2 – The United States Congress passes the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) mandating Special Education federally.
July 4 – MLB: The New York Mets fall 12½ games back in last place of the National League Eastern Division.
July 5
* The Isle of Man Post begins to issue its own postage stamps.
* The catastrophic BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) in Kingman, Arizona, following a fire that broke out as propane was being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, kills 11 firefighters. This explosion has become a classic incident, studied in fire department training programs worldwide.
July 6 – St Andrew's Cathedral, Singapore is gazetted as a national monument.
July 10 – The Bahamas gains full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.
July 11 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Orly, France; 123 are killed.
July 12 – 1973 National Archives Fire: A major fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri.
July 16 – Watergate Scandal: Former White House aide Alexander Butterfield informs the United States Senate Watergate Committee that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.
July 17 – King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan while in Italy undergoing eye surgery.
July 20
* France resumes nuclear bomb tests in Mururoa Atoll, over the protests of Australia and New Zealand.
* Bruce Lee dies.
July 21 – The Philippines receives its second Miss Universe title, with Margarita Moran as the winner.
July 23 – The Avianca Building in Bogotá, Colombia suffers a serious fire.
July 25 – The Soviet ''Mars 5'' space probe is launched.
July 28
* The Summer Jam at Watkins Glen, a massive rock festival featuring The Grateful Dead, The Allman Brothers Band and The Band, attracts over 600,000 music fans.
* ''Skylab 3'' (Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma, Alan Bean) is launched, to conduct various medical and scientific experiments aboard ''Skylab''.
July 29 – Formula One racing driver Roger Williamson dies in an accident, witnessed live on European television, during the 1973 Dutch Grand Prix.
July 30 – An 11-year legal action for the victims of Thalidomide ends.
July 31
* Militant protesters led by Ian Paisley disrupt the first sitting of the Northern Ireland Assembly.
* A Delta Air Lines Flight 173 DC9-31 aircraft lands short of Boston's Logan Airport runway in poor visibility, striking a sea wall about 165 feet (50 m) to the right of the runway centerline and about 3,000 feet (914 m) short. All 6 crew members and 83 passengers are killed, 1 of the passengers dying several months after the accident.
August 1 – Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) inaugurated.
August 2 – A flash fire kills 51 at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.
August 5 – Black September members open fire at the Athens airport; 3 are killed, 55 injured.
August 8
* South Korean politician Kim Dae-Jung is kidnapped in Tokyo by the KCIA.
* The death of Dean Corll leads to the discovery of the Houston Mass Murders: 28 boys were killed by 3 men.
August 15 – The U.S. bombing of Cambodia ends, officially halting 12 years of combat activity in Southeast Asia.
August 23 – The Norrmalmstorg robbery occurs, famous for the origin of the term Stockholm syndrome.
September 3 – The British Trade Union Congress expels 20 members for registering under the Industrial Relations Act 1971.
September 11 – Chile's democratically elected government is overthrown in a military coup after serious instability. President Salvador Allende commits suicide during the coup in the presidential palace, and General Augusto Pinochet heads a U.S.-backed military junta that governs Chile for the next 16 years.
September 15 – Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden dies. His grandson, Carl XVI Gustaf, becomes king.
September 18 – The two German Republics, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), are admitted to the United Nations.
September 20 – ''The Battle of the Sexes'': Billie Jean King defeats Bobby Riggs in a televised tennis match, 6–4, 6–4, 6–3, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
September 22 – Henry Kissinger, United States National Security Advisor, starts his term as United States Secretary of State.
September 23 – The Oakland Raiders defeat the Miami Dolphins 12-7, ending the Dolphins unbeaten streak at 18. It was the Miami Dolphins' first loss since January 16, 1972 in Super Bowl VI.
September 27 – Soviet space program: Soyuz 12, the first Soviet manned flight since the Soyuz 11 tragedy in 1971, is launched.
September 28 – ITT is bombed in New York City by leftist terrorists protesting the restoration of the Chilean Constitution ordered by the Chilean judicial and legislative branches against the Allende administration.
October 6 – Yom Kippur War: The fourth and largest Arab–Israeli conflict begins, as Egyptian and Syrian forces attack Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights on Yom Kippur.
October 8 – LBC Radio begins broadcasting on 97.3 FM in London.
October 10
* Spiro T. Agnew resigns as Vice President of the United States and then, in federal court in Baltimore, Maryland, pleads no contest to charges of income tax evasion on $29,500 he received in 1967, while he was governor of Maryland. He is fined $10,000 and put on 3 years' probation.
* The New York Mets win baseball's National League pennant, defeating the heavily favored Cincinnati Reds 3 games to 2.
October 14 – Students revolt in Bangkok, Thailand.
October 17 – The Arab Oil Embargo against several countries which support Israel triggers the 1973 energy crisis.
October 20
* The Saturday Night Massacre: U.S. President Richard Nixon orders Attorney General Elliot Richardson to dismiss Watergate Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson refuses and resigns, along with Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus. Solicitor General Robert Bork, third in line at the Department of Justice, then fires Cox. The event raises calls for Nixon's impeachment.
* The Sydney Opera House is opened by Elizabeth II after 14 years of construction work.
October 21 – The Oakland Athletics win baseball's World Series, defeating the New York Mets 4 games to 3.
October 26
* The Yom Kippur War ends.
* The United Nations recognizes the independence of Guinea-Bissau.
October 27 – The Canon City meteorite, a 1.4 kilogram chondrite type meteorite, strikes Earth in Fremont County, Colorado.
October 30 – The Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time in history.
October 31 – Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape: Three Provisional Irish Republican Army members escape from Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, Republic of Ireland after a hijacked helicopter lands in the exercise yard.
November 3
* Pan Am cargo flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C, crashes at Logan International Airport, Boston, killing 3 people.
* Mariner program: NASA launches ''Mariner 10'' toward Mercury (on March 29, 1974 it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet).
November 7 – The Congress of the United States overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval.
November 8 – Millennium '73, a festival hosted by Guru Maharaj Ji at the Astrodome, is called by supporters the "most significant event in human history".
November 11 – Egypt and Israel sign a United States-sponsored cease-fire accord.
November 14 – In the United Kingdom, Princess Anne marries a commoner, Captain Mark Phillips, in Westminster Abbey (they divorce in 1992).
November 16
* Skylab program: NASA launches ''Skylab 4'' (Gerald Carr, William Pogue, Edward Gibson) from Cape Canaveral, Florida on an 84-day mission.
* U.S. President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.
November 17
* Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook."
* The Athens Polytechnic uprising occurs against the military regime in Athens, Greece.
November 21 – U.S. President Richard Nixon's attorney, J. Fred Buzhardt, reveals the existence of an 18½-minute gap in one of the White House tape recordings related to Watergate.
November 25 – Greek dictator George Papadopoulos is ousted in a military coup led by Brigadier General Dimitrios Ioannidis.
November 27 – The United States Senate votes 92–3 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States.
November 29 – 104 people are killed in a Taiyo department store fire in Kumamoto, Kyūshū, Japan.
December 1 – Papua New Guinea gains self government from Australia.
December 3 – Pioneer program: ''Pioneer 10'' sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.
December 6 – The United States House of Representatives votes 387–35 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States; he is sworn in the same day.
December 15 – Gay rights: The American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its DSM-II.
December 16 – O.J. Simpson of the Buffalo Bills became the first running back to rush for 2,000 yards in a pro football season.
December 18 – Islamic Development Bank created as a specialized agency of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) (effective 12 August 1974).
December 20 – Spanish prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco is assassinated in Madrid by the terrorist organization ETA.
December 23 – OPEC doubles the price of crude oil.
December 28 – The Endangered Species Act is passed in the United States.
December 30 – Terrorist Carlos fails in his attempt to assassinate British businessman Joseph Sieff.
December 31 – In the United Kingdom, due to coal shortages caused by industrial action, the Three-Day Week electricity consumption reduction measure comes into force.
ODECA functions suspended.
Economist E. F. Schumacher publishes his book ''Small is Beautiful''.
The National House Building Council is formed in the United Kingdom.
The COSC The Swiss Official Chronometer testing Institute is founded in Switzerland by 5 Watch Cantons & Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH.
The title Queen of Australia is created by the Royal Style and Titles Act.
Confirming the descriptions of bulkhead hull compartments for Chinese sailing ships in Zhu Yu's ''Pingzhou Table Talks'' of 1119, a large Song Dynasty trade ship of c. 1277 A.D. is dredged up from the waters near the southern coast of China that had 12 bulkhead compartment rooms in its hull.
January 1 – Danny Lloyd, American actor
January 4 – Greg de Vries, Canadian ice hockey player
January 6 – Scott Ferguson, Canadian ice hockey player
January 7 – Jonna Tervomaa, Finnish singer
January 9 – Sean Paul, Jamaican singer
January 10 – Ryan Drummond, American actor
January 12
* Hande Yener, Turkish Singer
* Joseph M. Smith, American actor, writer and producer
January 13
* Nikolai Khabibulin, Russian hockey player
* Gloria Yip, Hong Kong actress
January 14 – Giancarlo Fisichella, Italian race car driver
January 15 – Tomáš Galásek, Czech football player
January 16 – Josie Davis, American actress
* Scott Greenall, Musician, Recording Engineer / Producer and performance artist.
January 17 – Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Mexican football player
January 18 – Crispian Mills, British musician (The Jeevas, Kula Shaker)
January 19
* Antero Manninen, Finnish cellist
* Karen Lancaume, French actress (d. 2005)
* Ann-Kristin Aarønes, Norwegian footballer
* Aaron Yonda, American YouTube celebrity
* Wang Junxia, Chinese long-distance runner
* Yevgeny Sadovyi, Russian swimmer
January 21
* Chris Kilmore, American rock DJ (Incubus)
* Duane Lee Chapman II American bail bondsman
January 22 – Abi Tucker, Australian actor and singer
January 29 – Jason Schmidt, American baseball player
January 30 – Jalen Rose, American basketball player
January 31 – Shingo Katayama, Japanese golfer
February 1
* Yuri Landman, Dutch artist and musician
* Nick Mitchell, American wrestler
February 2 – Aleksander Tammert, Estonian discus thrower
February 3 – Ilana Sod, Mexican journalist
February 4
* Oscar de la Hoya, American boxer
* James Hird, Australian rules footballer
February 5 – Deng Yaping, Chinese table tennis player
February 7 – Kate Thornton, British TV presenter
February 8 – Sonia Deol, British-Asian presenter
February 9 – Svetlana Boginskaya, Soviet gymnast
February 10 – Gunn-Rita Dahle, Norwegian mountain biker
February 11
* Varg Vikernes, Norwegian rock musician (Burzum)
* Craig Jones, American rock sampler (Slipknot)
February 12 – Tara Strong, Canadian-born voice actress
February 14 – Steve McNair, American football player (d. 2009)
February 15 – Amy Van Dyken, American swimmer
February 16 – Cathy Freeman, Australian athlete
February 18 – Claude Makélélé, French footballer
February 20 – Kimberley Davies, Australian actress
February 22
* Shota Arveladze, Georgian football player
* Gustavo Assis-Brasil, Brazilian guitarist
* Scott Phillips, American rock drummer (Creed, Alter Bridge)
February 24 – Jordan Jovtchev, Bulgarian gymnast
February 26
* Anders Björler & Jonas Björler, heavy metal guitarists
* Marshall Faulk, American football player
* Ole Gunnar Solskjær, Norwegian footballer
* Jenny Thompson, American swimmer
February 27 – Peter Andre, English singer and television personality
February 28
* Eric Lindros, Canadian hockey player
* Masato Tanaka, Japanese professional wrestler
March 1
* Jack Davenport, English actor
* Chris Webber, American basketball player
* Anton Gunn, American politician
March 3 – Dejan Bodiroga, Serbian basketball player
March 4 – Jennifer Cole, American actress, model and game show hostess
March 5 – Ryan Franklin, American baseball pitcher
March 7 – Rick Emerson, American talk show host and author
March 9 – Aaron Boone, American baseball player
March 10
* Dan Swanö, Swedish musician
* John LeCompt, American musician
March 13
* Edgar Davids, Dutch footballer
* David Draiman song writer and lead singer for the band Disturbed
March 15 – Lee Jung-jae, South Korean actor & model
March 17 – Caroline Corr, Irish musician (The Corrs)
March 19
* Magnus Hedman, Swedish footballer
* Simmone Jade Mackinnon, Australian actor
March 20 – Arjun Atwal, Indian golfer
March 23 – Jason Kidd, American basketball player
March 24
* Jacek Bąk, Polish footballer
* Jim Parsons, American actor
March 26
* T. R. Knight, American actor
* Larry Page, American entrepreneur
March 29 – Marc Overmars, Dutch footballer
March 30 – Adam Goldstein, American DJ (d. 2009)
April 1
* Stephen Fleming, New Zealand cricket captain
* Kris Marshall, British actor
April 2 – Roselyn Sanchez, Puerto Rican actress
April 3 – Matthew Ferguson, Canadian actor
April 4
* David Blaine, American magician
* Loris Capirossi, Italian motorcycle racer
April 5 – Pharrell, American musician and producer (The Neptunes)
April 6 – Rie Miyazawa, Japanese actress and singer
April 10 – Roberto Carlos, Brazilian football player
April 11 – Jennifer Esposito, American actress
April 13 – Sergei Shnurov, Russian singer
April 14 – Adrien Brody, Academy Award-winning American actor
April 15 – Emanuel Rego, Brazilian beach volleyball player
April 16 – Bonnie Pink, Japanese singer
April 18 – Haile Gebrselassie, Ethiopian long-distance runner
April 19 – George Gregan, Australian rugby union footballer
April 22 – Christopher Sabat, American voice actor
April 24
* Sachin Tendulkar, Indian cricketer
* Lee Westwood, English golfer
April 25 – Fredrik Larzon, Swedish rock musician (Millencolin)
April 27 – Sharlee D'Angelo, Bassist
April 28 – Melissa Fahn, American actress
April 29 – Johan Hegg
April 30
* Jeff Timmons, American singer
* Akon, Senegalese-American hip hop and R&B; singer
May 1
* Oliver Neuville, German footballer
* Paul Burke, Irish rugby player
May 3
* Brad Martin, American musician
* Michael Reiziger, Dutch footballer
May 4 – Guillermo Barros Schelotto, Argentine footballer
May 7 – Paolo Savoldelli, Italian professional road racing cyclist
May 8
* Hiromu Arakawa, Japanese manga artist
* Marcus Brigstocke, British comedian
May 9 – Tegla Loroupe, Kenyan long-distance runner
May 10
* Gareth Ainsworth, English footballer
* Rüştü Reçber, Turkish football goalkeeper
May 12 – Forbes March, American actor
May 14
* Natalie Appleton, Canadian singer
* Shanice, American singer
May 16
* Jason Acuna, American skateboarder and actor
* Tori Spelling, American actress
May 17 – Joshua Homme, American musician
May 18 – Kazuhiro Hayashi, Japanese professional wrestler
May 19 – Dario Franchitti, Scottish race car driver
May 21 – Noel Fielding, British comedian
May 23 – Jacopo Gianninoto, Italian musician
May 24 – Dermot O'Leary, British TV presenter
May 25
* Demetri Martin, American comedian
* Jean-Pierre Canlis, American glass artist
May 30 – Leigh Francis, British comedian
May 31 – Dominique van Roost, Belgian tennis player
June 1
* Fred Deburghgraeve, Belgian swimmer
* Heidi Klum, German model
* Derek Lowe, baseball player
June 6 – Kat Swift, American presidential candidate
June 8 – Lexa Doig, Canadian actress
June 9 – Tedy Bruschi, American football player
June 10 – Faith Evans, American singer
June 12 – Darryl White, Australian footballer
June 13 – Sam Adams, American football player
June 14 – Ceca Raznatovic, Serbian Folk singer
June 15
* Neil Patrick Harris, American actor
* Greg Vaughan, American actor
June 19 – Yuko Nakazawa, Japanese singer
June 20 – Chino Moreno, American musician
June 21 – Juliette Lewis, American actress
June 22 – Carson Daly, American talk show host
June 24 – Alexander Beyer, German actor
June 26 – Paweł Małaszyński, Polish actor
June 27 – Olve Eikemo, Norwegian musician
June 28 – Adrián Annus, Hungarian athlete
June 30 – Chan Ho Park, Korean Major League Baseball player
July 3 – Emma Cunniffe, British actress
July 4 – Gackt, Japanese singer
July 7 – Natsuki Takaya, Japanese manga artist
July 9 – Kelly Holcomb, American football player
July 11 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek athlete
July 12 – Christian Vieri, Italian soccer player
July 14 – Halil Mutlu, Bulgaria-born Turkish weightlifter
July 15 – John Dolmayan, Lebanese-born rock drummer for the band System of a Down
July 16
* Stefano Garzelli, Italian professional road racing cyclist
* Graham Robertson, American filmmaker and author
July 17
* Eric Moulds, American football player
* Liam Kyle Sullivan, American comedian
July 18 – Anders Jivarp, Dark Tranquillity
July 20
* Peter Forsberg, Swedish hockey player
* HRH Crown Prince Haakon of Norway
July 22
* Daniel Jones, Australian musician and record producer
* Rufus Wainwright, American-Canadian musician
July 23
* Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player
* Monica Lewinsky, American former White House intern
July 25 – Tony Vincent, American actor and singer
July 26 – Kate Beckinsale, English actress
July 27 – Gorden Tallis, Australian rugby league player
July 28 – Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player
July 30
* Markus Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player
* Sonu Nigam, Indian singer
August 2
* Miguel Mendonca, Anglo-Azorean writer
August 6
* Asia Carrera, American actress
* Vera Farmiga, American actress
August 9 – Filippo Inzaghi, Italian footballer
August 11 – Carolyn Murphy, American model
August 12 – Richard Reid, English terrorist
August 14
* Jared Borgetti, Mexican footballer
* Kieren Perkins, Australian swimmer
* Jay-Jay Okocha, Nigerian soccer player (footballer)
August 15 – Adnan Sami, music composer, pianist, singer
August 16 – Damian Jackson, baseball player
August 19
* HRH Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway
* Marco Materazzi, Italian football player
August 20 – Todd Helton, American baseball player
August 21
* Steve McKenna, hockey player
* Nikolai Valuev, Russian heavyweight boxing champion
* Sergey Brin, Soviet-born American entrepreneur, co-founder of Google
August 22
* Howie Dorough, American singer (Backstreet Boys)
* Kristen Wiig, American actress and comedian
August 24
* Dave Brown, English comedian, photographer, graphic designer, choreographer and naan bread
* Dave Chappelle, American actor, comedian
* Inge de Bruijn, Dutch swimmer
* Carmine Giovinazzo, American actor
August 28 – Kirby Morrow, Canadian voice actor
August 30 – Lisa Ling, American journalist
September 1 – Ram Kapoor, Indian actor
September 4 – Jason David Frank, American actor and martial artist
September 5 – Rose McGowan, American actress
September 6
* Carlo Cudicini, Italian footballer
* Greg Rusedski, Anglo-Canadian tennis player
September 7 – Shannon Elizabeth, American actress
September 9 – Kazuhisa Ishii, Japanese baseball player
September 12
* Darren Campbell, British athlete
* Paul Walker, American actor
September 13 – Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer
September 14 – Andrew Lincoln, British actor
September 15
* Julie Cox, English actress
* Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland, né Olof Daniel Westling, Swedish prince, married to crownprincess Victoria
September 17 – Ada Choi, Hong Kong actress
September 18
* Paul Brousseau, Canadian ice hockey player
* James Marsden, actor
* Mark Shuttleworth, South African entrepreneur
* Ami Onuki, Japanese singer
September 19 – José Azevedo, Portuguese cyclist
September 21 – Oswaldo Sanchez, Mexican footballer
September 22
* Craig McRae, Australian footballer
* Yoo Chae-yeong, South Korean singer and actress
September 24 – Eddie George, American football player
September 25 – Bridgette Wilson-Sampras, American actress
September 29 – Joe Hulbig, American ice hockey player
October 1 – Christian Borle, American singer and actor
October 3
* Neve Campbell, Canadian actress
* Richard Ian Cox, Canadian voice actor and radio host
October 4 – Chris Parks, American professional wrestler
October 5 – Annabelle Chvostek, Canadian singer/songwriter/singer
October 6 – Ioan Gruffudd, Welsh actor
October 9 – Steven Burns, ''Blues Clues'' Actor
October 10 – Mario López, American actor
October 11 – Takeshi Kaneshiro, Taiwanese/Japanese actor
October 13
* Nanako Matsushima, Japanese actress
* Matt Hughes, American mixed martial arts fighter
October 14 – Lasha Zhvania, Georgian Politician
October 19 – Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
October 21 – Beverly Turner, British TV and radio presenter
October 22 – Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player
October 24 – Levi Leipheimer, American professional cyclist
October 25
* Lamont Bentley, American actor (d. 2005)
* Maxi Mounds, American female stripper, largest breasts in the world
October 26
* Seth MacFarlane, American animator and voice actor
* Taka Michinoku, Japanese professional wrestler
October 28 – MVP, WWE Raw wrestler
October 29 – Robert Pirès, French football player
October 30
* Silvia Corzo, Colombian newsreader
* Edge, Canadian professional wrestler, 2-time WWE Champion
November 1
* Assia, Algerian singer
* Aishwarya Rai, Indian actress
* Li Xiaoshuang, Chinese gymnast
November 3 – Mick Thomson, American guitarist (Slipknot)
November 5 – Johnny Damon, baseball player
November 9 – Maija Vilkkumaa, Finnish pop rock singer
November 9- Alyson Court, Canadian actress ( The Big Comfy Couch)
November 14
*Lawyer Milloy, American football player
*Dana Snyder, American voice actor
November 20 – Sav Rocca, American football player and former Australian rules footballer
November 22 – Cassie Campbell, Canadian ice hockey forward and CBC commentator
November 26 – Peter Facinelli, American actor
November 28
* Jade Puget, American guitarist (AFI)
* Rob Conway, American professional wrestler
November 29
* Ryan Giggs, Welsh footballer
* Raphael Smith, South African screenwriter and songwriter
November 30
* Lim Chang-jung, South Korean actor
* Jason Reso, Canadian professional wrestler
December 2
* Monica Seles, Yugoslavian-born tennis player
* Jan Ullrich, German professional road bicycle racer
December 3 – Holly Marie Combs, American actress
December 4
* Tyra Banks, American supermodel and talk show host
* Steven Menzies, Australian rugby league player
December 5 – Mikelangelo Loconte, Italian singer
December 7 – Terrell Owens, American football player
December 8 – Corey Taylor, American rock vocalist (Slipknot, ''Stone Sour)
December 11 – Cameron Alexander, British musician and actor
December 14
* Thuy Trang, Vietnamese-born actress (d. 2001)
* Tomasz Radzinski, Canadian footballer
December 15 – Surya Bonaly, French figure skater
December 16 – Scott Storch, American hip-hop producer
December 17 – Paula Radcliffe, British athlete
December 18 – Darryl Brown, Trinidad and West Indian cricketer
December 20 – Antti Kasvio, Finnish swimmer
December 24
* Kerry Nettle, Australian Senator
* Stephenie Meyer, American author
December 25 – Chris Harris, American professional wrestler
December 27
* Wilson Cruz, American actor
* Kristoffer Zegers, Dutch composer
December 28
* Ids Postma, Dutch speed skater
* Seth Meyers, American actor and comedian
December 29 – Theo Epstein, American baseball general manager
December 30
* Jason Behr, American actor
* Ato Boldon, West Indian athlete
December 31 – Nikolay Tsiskaridze, Russian dancer
January 1
* Sergei Kourdakov, former KGB agent (b. 1951)
* Sir Arthur Elton, pioneer of the British documentary film industry (b. 1906)
January 8 – Dudley Foster, British actor (b. 1924)
January 19 – Max Adrian, Northern Irish actor (b. 1903)
January 22 – Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States (b. 1908)
January 23 – Kid Ory, American musician (b. 1886)
January 24 – J. Carrol Naish, American actor (b. 1897)
January 26 – Edward G. Robinson, American actor (b. 1893)
January 28 – John Banner, Austrian-born actor (b. 1910)
January 29 – Ludwig Stössel, Austrian actor (b. 1883)
January 31 – Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
February 11 – Hans D Jensen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
February 15
* Wally Cox, American actor (b. 1924)
* Tim Holt, American actor (b. 1919)
February 16 – Francisco Caamaño, Dominican politician (b. 1932)
February 19 – Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (b. 1892)
February 22
* Elizabeth Bowen, Irish novelist (b. 1899)
* Katina Paxinou, Greek actress (b. 1900)
February 23 – Dickinson W. Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895)
February 28 – Cecil Kellaway, South African actor (b. 1893)
March 3 – Vera Panova, Soviet-Russian writer (b. 1905)
March 6 – Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
March 8 – Ron Pigpen McKernan, American rock musician (Grateful Dead) (b. 1945)
March 10 – Robert Siodmak, German-American director (b. 1900)
March 13 – Melville Cooper, British actor (b. 1896)
March 14
* Rafael Godoy, Colombian composer (b. 1907)
* Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)
March 18
* Johannes Aavik, Estonian philologist (b. 1880)
* Lauritz Melchoir, Danish opera singer (b. 1890)
March 23 – Ken Maynard, American actor (b. 1895)
March 25 – Edward Steichen, American photographer (b. 1879)
March 26
* Safford Cape, American composer and musicologist (b. 1906)
* Noel Coward, English composer and playwright (b. 1899)
* George Sisler, American baseball player (b. 1893)
April 8 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish artist (b. 1881)
April 12
* Arthur Freed, American film producer (b. 1894)
* Henry Darger, reclusive American outsider artist (b. 1892)
April 16
* Istvan Kertesz, Hungarian conductor (b. 1929)
* Nino Bravo, singer (b. 1944)
April 19 – Hans Kelsen, Austrian-born legal theorist (b. 1881)
April 20 – Robert Armstrong, American actor (b. 1890)
April 21
* Merian C. Cooper, American aviator, director, and producer (b. 1893)
* Arthur Fadden, 13th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894)
April 26 – Irene Ryan, American actress (b. 1902)
April 28 – Jacques Maritain, Catholic philosopher (b. 1882)
April 30 – Václav Renč, Czech poet, dramatist and translator (b. 1911)
May 1 – Asger Jorn, Danish painter (b. 1914)
May 2 – Alan Carney, American actor and comedian (b. 1909)
May 10 – Jack E. Leonard, American comedian (b. 1910)
May 11 – Lex Barker, American actor (b. 1919)
May 12 – Frances Marion, American screenwriter (b. 1888)
May 14 – Jean Gebser, German author, linguist, and poet (b. 1905)
May 18 – Jeannette Rankin, first U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1880)
May 20 – Jarno Saarinen, Finnish motorcycle racer (b. 1945)
May 21 – Vaughn Monroe, American singer (b. 1911)
May 26 – Jay C. Higginbotham, American musician (b. 1906)
June 1 – Mary Kornman, American actress (b. 1915)
June 3 – Dory Funk, American professional wrestler (b. 1919)
June 4 – Arna Bontemps, African-American Harlem Renaissance writer (b. 1902)
June 5 – Max Terhune, American actor (b. 1891)
June 10 – William Inge, American playwright (b. 1913)
June 18 – Roger Delgado, English actor (b. 1918)
June 23 – Fay Holden, American actress (b. 1893)
June 24 – Mary Carr, American actress (b. 1874)
June 26 – Ernest Truex, American actor (b. 1889)
June 30
* Nancy Mitford, English novelist (b. 1904)
* Blessed Vasyl Velychkovsky C.Ss.R, Ukrainian Catholic bishop and martyr (b. 1903)
July 1 – Yosef Alon, Israeli pilot, co-founder of the Israeli Air Force, assassinated in the United States (b. 1929)
July 2
* Betty Grable, American actress (b. 1916)
* Swede Savage, American race car driver (b. 1946)
July 5 – Golwalkar, Second sarsanghchalak of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (b. 1906)
July 6
* Otto Klemperer, German-born conductor (b. 1885)
* Joe E. Brown, American actor (b. 1892)
July 7 – Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1922)
July 8
* Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli educator, historian and politician (b. 1884)
* Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer (b. 1877)
July 11
* Robert Ryan, American actor (b. 1909)
* Alexander Mosolov, Russian composer (b. 1900)
July 12 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (b. 1906)
July 18 – Jack Hawkins, British actor (b. 1910)
July 20
* Robert Smithson, American artist (b. 1938)
* Bruce Lee, Chinese-American martial artist and actor (b. 1940)
July 27 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American World War I flying ace and race car driver (b. 1890)
July 29
* Henri Charriere, French writer (b. 1906)
* Roger Williamson, British race car driver (b. 1948)
August 1
* Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (b. 1882)
* Walter Ulbricht, East German leader (b. 1893)
August 2 – Jean-Pierre Melville, French film director (b. 1917)
August 4 – Eddie Condon, American jazz musician (b. 1905)
August 6
* James Beck, British actor (b. 1929)
* Fulgencio Batista, Cuban dictator (b. 1901)
August 9 – Charles Daniels, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1885)
August 10 – Douglas Kennedy, American actor (b. 1915)
August 11 – Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
August 12
* Dayanand Bandodkar, Chief Minister of Goa (b. 1911)
* Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
August 16
* Veda Ann Borg, American actress (b. 1915)
* Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1888)
August 17
* Conrad Aiken, American writer (b. 1889)
* Jean Barraqué, French composer (b. 1928)
* Paul Williams, American singer (b. 1939)
August 30 – Michael Dunn, American actor (b. 1934)
August 31 – John Ford, American film director (b. 1895)
September 2
* Diana Sands, American actress (b. 1934)
* J. R. R. Tolkien, British writer (b. 1892)
September 11 – Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908)
September 13 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
September 15
* King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (b. 1882)
* Victor Jara, Chilean politician and singer-songwriter (b. 1932)
September 18 – Ken Harada, first diplomat from Japan to the Holy See (age 80)
September 19 – Gram Parsons, American musician (b. 1946)
September 20
* Jim Croce, American songwriter (b. 1943)
* Glenn Strange, American actor (b. 1899)
September 23 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
September 24 – Josué de Castro, Brazilian writer, physician, geographer and activist against hunger (b. 1908)
September 26
* Ralph Earnhardt, American race car driver (b. 1928)
* Anna Magnani, Italian actress (b. 1908)
September 29 – W. H. Auden, English poet (b. 1907)
September 28 – Norma Crane, American actress (b. 1928)
September 30 – Peter Pitseolak, Inuit photographer and author (b. 1902)
October 2
* Paul Hartman, American dancer and actor (b. 1904)
* Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (b. 1897)
October 6
* Sidney Blackmer, American actor (b. 1895)
* François Cevert, French race car driver (b. 1944)
October 8 – Gabriel Marcel, French Catholic existential thinker (b. 1889)
October 10 – Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist (b. 1881)
October 14
* Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster and journalist (b.1897)
* Ahmed Hamdi, Egyptian soldier, who fought in Yom Kippur (b.1929)
October 16 – Gene Krupa, American jazz drummer (b. 1909)
October 17 – Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian writer (b. 1926)
October 18
* Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
* Crane Wilbur, American actor (b. 1886)
October 19 – Margaret Caroline Anderson, American magazine publisher (b. 1886)
October 22 – Pau Casals, Spanish Catalan cellist and conductor (b. 1876)
October 25 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian long-distance runner (b. 1932)
October 27 – Allan "Rocky" Lane, American actor (b. 1909)
October 28 – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
November 3 – Marc Allégret, French film director (b. 1900)
November 10 – David "Stringbean" Akeman, American banjo player (b. 1915)
November 11 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
November 13 – Lila Lee, American actress (b. 1901)
November 23
* Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese-American actor (b. 1889)
* Constance Talmadge, American actress (b. 1897)
November 25 – Laurence Harvey, English actor (b. 1928)
November 27 – Frank Christian, American musician (b. 1887)
November 28 – John Rostill, English bassist, musician and composer (The Shadows) (b. 1942)
November 30 – Allan Sherman, American musical parodist (b. 1924)
December 1 – David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1886)
December 3 – Emile Christian, American musician (b. 1895)
December 4 – Michael O'Shea, American actor (b. 1906)
December 5 – Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish engineer, inventor of radar (b. 1892)
December 20
* Bobby Darin, American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, dancer, impressionist and TV presenter (b. 1936)
* Luis Carrero Blanco, first minister of Spain (assassinated) (b. 1907)
December 25
* Gabriel Voisin, French aviation pioneer (b. 1880)
* İsmet İnönü, Turkish general, prime minister, and president (b. 1884)
* Adrian Scott, American screenwriter, one of the Hollywood Ten (b. 1912)
December 26
* William Haines, American actor (b. 1900)
* Harold B. Lee, American president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1899)
Physics – Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson
Chemistry – Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
Medicine – Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
Literature – Patrick White
Peace – Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho
Economics – Wassily Leontief
1973 Coin Pictures
af:1973
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ang:1973
ar:ملحق:1973
an:1973
frp:1973
ast:1973
gn:1973
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bn:১৯৭৩
zh-min-nan:1973 nî
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be-x-old:1973
bh:१९७३
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da:1973
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myv:1973 ие
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fa:۱۹۷۳ (میلادی)
hif:1973
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gan:1973年
xal:1973 җил
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hr:1973.
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bpy:মারি ১৯৭৩
id:1973
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os:1973-æм аз
is:1973
it:1973
he:1973
jv:1973
kn:೧೯೭೩
pam:1973
ka:1973
csb:1973
kk:1973
kw:1973
sw:1973
kv:1973 во
ht:1973 (almanak gregoryen)
ku:1973
krc:1973 джыл
la:1973
lv:1973. gads
lb:1973
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lij:1973
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jbo:1973moi
lmo:1973
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mr:इ.स. १९७३
arz:1973
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pa:੧੯੭੩
pi:१९७३
pnb:1973
pap:1973
tpi:1973
nds:1973
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ksh:Joohr 1973
ro:1973
qu:1973
rue:1973
ru:1973 год
sah:1973
se:1973
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simple:1973
sk:1973
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ckb:١٩٧٣
sr:1973
sh:1973
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fi:1973
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ta:1973
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tr:1973
tk:1973
udm:1973 ар
uk:1973
ur:1973ء
vec:1973
vi:1973
vo:1973
fiu-vro:1973
wa:1973
zh-classical:一九七三年
vls:1973
war:1973
yi:1973
yo:1973
zh-yue:1973年
diq:1973
bat-smg:1973
zh:1973年
Events
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
November 1 – Watergate scandal: Acting Attorney General Robert Bork appoints Leon Jaworski as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
December
December – Chile breaks diplomatic contacts with Sweden.
Date unknown
Births
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Deaths
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Nobel prizes
References
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 59°34′″N150°48′″N |
|---|---|
| name | James Blunt |
| background | solo_singer |
| birth name | James Hillier Blount |
| born | February 22, 1974Tidworth, Wiltshire, England, UK |
| instrument | Vocals, guitar, piano, keyboards, violin |
| genre | Pop rock, soft rock, folk rock, Brit-pop |
| occupation | Singer-songwriter, musician |
| years active | 2004 – present |
| label | Warner Bros. Records, Atlantic, Custard |
| notable instruments | Seagull acoustic guitars |
| website | }} |
Blunt was an officer in the Life Guards, a Cavalry regiment of the British Army, and served under NATO in Kosovo during the conflict there in 1999. While posted to Kosovo, Blunt was introduced to the work of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF or "Doctors Without Borders"). Since then, Blunt has supported MSF by holding meet-and-greet auctions at many of his concerts. As of 4 October 2009 Blunt's primary residence is on the Spanish island of Ibiza.
Early life
James Blunt was born at an army hospital in Tidworth, Wiltshire, England; the first child born to Jane A.F. ( Amos) and Charles Blount. James spent his early childhood living in England, Cyprus, and Germany, where his father, a Colonel in the British Army Air Corps, and military helicopter pilot, was posted at various times.James Blunt has two younger siblings. The Blount family has a long history of military service, dating from the 10th century.His father instilled in him a love of flying, and he earned his pilot's licence at age 16.He has a keen interest in motorcycles after learning to ride when he was 16.
Education
Blunt was educated at two independent schools: at the age of seven, he was enrolled at Elstree School in Woolhampton in Berkshire, before continuing to Harrow School in Harrow on the Hill in north-west London (Elmfield House) on an army bursary. From Harrow School he gained an army-sponsored place at the University of Bristol, where he first studied Aerospace Manufacturing Engineering and then subsequently moved on to the study of Sociology. He graduated with a BSc(Hons) in Sociology in 1996.
Military service
Because the British Army sponsored his university education, Blunt was obliged to serve a minimum of four years in the armed forces. James stated on an interview in his ''Back to Bedlam'' sessions that he chose to join the military as "his Father was pushing for it, so that Blunt could obtain a secure work placement and income". Blunt trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Life Guards, a unit of the Household Cavalry, where he rose to the rank of captain. One of his first assignments was to British Army Training Unit Suffield in Alberta, Canada, where his battalion was posted for six months in 1998 to act as the opposing army in combat training exercises.In 1999, he served as an armoured reconnaissance officer in the NATO deployment in Kosovo. Initially assigned to reconnaissance of the Macedonia-Yugoslavia border, Blunt and his unit worked ahead of the front lines directing forces and targeting Serb positions for the NATO bombing campaign. His unit was given the assignment of securing the Pristina International Airport in advance of the 30,000-strong peacekeeping force; the Russian army had moved in and taken control of the airport before his unit's arrival. According to Blunt's own account of the incident he refused to follow orders from NATO command to attack the Russians. There were less intense moments during Blunt's Kosovo assignment, however. Blunt had brought along his guitar, strapped to the outside of his tank. At some places, the peacekeepers would share a meal with hospitable locals, and Blunt would perform. It was while on duty there that he wrote the song "No Bravery".
A keen skier, Blunt captained the Household Cavalry Alpine Ski Team in Verbier, Switzerland, eventually becoming champion skier of the entire Royal Armoured Corps. He had extended his military service in November 2000, and after an intensive six-month army riding course was posted to the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment in London, England. During this posting, Blunt was interviewed about his responsibilities on the television programme "Girls on Top", a series highlighting unusual career choices. He stood guard at the coffin of the Queen Mother during the days of her lying in State and was part of the funeral procession on 9 April 2002. Blunt left the army on 1 October 2002 having served six years.
Music career
Early career
Blunt took piano and violin lessons as a child, but his first significant exposure to popular music was at Harrow School. There, he was introduced to the guitar by a fellow student, and started playing guitar and writing songs at age 14. At University of Bristol, his undergraduate thesis was ''The Commodification of Image – Production of a Pop Idol''; one of his main references for the thesis was Simon Frith, a sociologist and rock critic, and current chair of the Mercury Music Prize.Blunt left the British Army in 2002 so that he could pursue his musical career. It was at that period of time that he started using the stage name "Blunt", in part to make it easier for others to spell; "Blount" is pronounced the same way, and remains his legal surname. Shortly after leaving the Army, he was signed to EMI music publishers, and to Twenty-First Artists management. A record contract remained elusive however, with recording label executives pointing to Blunt's "posh" speaking voice as a barrier in class-divided Britain. Linda Perry, who was just launching her own Custard Records label in early 2003, heard Blunt's promotional tape when visiting London, and soon after heard him perform live at the South by Southwest Music Festival. She made an offer to him the same night and within a few days, Blunt signed a recording contract with Perry, and one month later he was in Los Angeles working with producer Tom Rothrock.
''Back to Bedlam''
Blunt recorded ''Back to Bedlam'' in 2003 with producer Tom Rothrock at Rothrock's home studio, using session musicians and performing on many different instruments himself. While in Los Angeles, he lodged with actress Carrie Fisher, whom he had met through the family of a former girlfriend. Fisher was very supportive of Blunt's aspirations, suggesting the name of the album and providing use of a bathroom in her home for Blunt to record the song "Goodbye My Lover". ''Back to Bedlam'' was finally released in the UK in October 2004. Blunt's debut single in the UK was "High" (co-written with Ricky Ross of Deacon Blue). This song initially peaked below the Top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, however after the subsequent success of "You're Beautiful" it finally made the Top 75 before eventually being re-released. However, the song was chosen to appear in a Vodafone commercial in Italy, and was a Top 10 hit in that country.
The debut album from the unknown Blunt initially attracted little critical attention, and there were no published reviews from major UK music journals. His live performances, mainly in support of better known musicians, received somewhat mixed but generally favourable reviews. Blunt's lack of performing experience and inconsistent approach with audiences was commented upon, while his music was likened to that of Damien Rice and David Gray. In March 2004, with Blunt performing in the support role for Katie Melua in Manchester, Alex McCann of ''Designer Magazine'' wrote, "Blunt's ascendance is a dead cert and this time next year it isn't that far removed from reality to suggest that a number 1 album, Brit Award and countless accolade's
Blunt's third single "You're Beautiful" was his break-out hit. The song debuted at number 12 in the UK, and rose all the way to the number one position six weeks after its debut. The song also received massive airplay in the UK, which helped propel ''Back to Bedlam'' to number one on the UK Albums Chart. The extensive airplay ultimately led to Blunt and his co-writers being awarded the Ivor Novello Award for Most Performed Work. After the success of "You're Beautiful" in the UK, the song crossed over to mainland Europe, becoming one of the biggest hits of summer 2005 across the continent. In the U.S., "You're Beautiful" made its debut in the summer of 2005 on WPLJ, a prominent radio station in New York City, despite not having been released to radio yet. Once the song was released to radio stations in the fall of 2005, the song climbed into the Top 10 in three radio formats: Adult Contemporary Music, Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks, and Adult album alternative. Blunt became the first British artist to top the American singles chart in nearly a decade when his song "You're Beautiful" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2006; the last British artist to do so had been Elton John in 1997 with the song "Candle in the Wind 1997". "Goodbye My Lover" was released as the fourth UK single from the album in December 2005, and was later the second US single. The songs "High" and "Wisemen" were subsequently re-released in 2006. Blunt started off 2006 celebrating five BRIT Award nominations, going on to win Best British male solo artist and Best pop act categories, having already started an 11-month tour that would take him around the world.
There was extensive promotion in the United States starting in the autumn of 2005, with Blunt making appearances on ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'' and as a musical guest on ''Saturday Night Live''. Eight of the songs on the album were featured in television shows (''The O.C.'', ''Grey's Anatomy'' and many more), films (''Undiscovered''), and advertising campaigns (Hilton Hotels, Sprint telecommunications) throughout 2005 and 2006. Blunt performed "You're Beautiful" at the 49th Grammy Awards in February 2007, dedicating the song to the late Ahmet Ertegün of Atlantic Records, but he did not win in any of the five categories for which he had received nominations (includes one for Best New Artist Grammy, but lost to Carrie Underwood).
The album eventually sold 11 million copies and topped the album charts in 16 territories worldwide. It sold 2.6 million in the U.S. and was certified 2x platinum. In Britain the album was certified 10x platinum, sold over three million copies, and entered the ''Guinness Book of World Records'' for the fastest selling album in one year. In 2005, Blunt performed in 90 live shows, mainly across the UK and Europe, ending the year supporting Jason Mraz in a North American tour. The "Back to Bedlam World Tour" started off in January 2006, covering cities in Europe, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, as well as three separate headline tours in North America, ending in November of that year. Not including promotional appearances, Blunt performed over 140 live shows in 2006. He enjoys the touring experience, saying in July 2006 that he and his band were having the time of their lives going to new places every day. The videos for all of Blunt's singles released from ''Back To Bedlam'' feature symbolism and dark imagery. In the first video for "High", he is buried in a desert. In the first video for "Wisemen", he is kidnapped and taken hostage. In the video for "You're Beautiful", he alludes to suicide by jumping off a cliff into the sea. In the "Goodbye My Lover" video, he is the outsider in a love triangle, imagining the couple, a man and woman (played by Matt Dallas of ''Kyle XY'' and Mischa Barton of ''The O.C.'') together. The re-release video for "High" features Blunt running in a forest. The re-release video for "Wisemen" has Blunt burning identification papers, and then walking through a forest while he is on fire.
Blunt appeared on an episode of ''Sesame Street'' which aired on 14 November 2007, singing about triangles to the tune of "You're Beautiful".
A parody of "You're Beautiful" titled "You're Pitiful" was recorded by Weird Al Yankovic. Blunt gave personal permission for this parody to be included on a Weird Al album, but Atlantic Records, Blunt's label, stepped in to forbid the commercial release of the song. Weird Al has since made the song available as a free MP3 download on his website. In a request by Yankovic to include the song on an upcoming compilation CD, Blunt's manager replied via email, "Thanks for your email, but both James and I will never approve this parody to be released on any label."
On 28 December 2009, BBC Radio 1 announced that ''Back to Bedlam'' was the biggest selling album of the noughties decade in the United Kingdom.
''All the Lost Souls''
Blunt's second studio album, ''All the Lost Souls'', was released on 17 September 2007 in the United Kingdom and one day later in North America. It sold 65,000 units in its first week, and was certified gold in the UK after only four days. By the end of January 2008, the album had sold 600,000 copies in the UK, and 4.5 million copies internationally. Blunt completed the album's songs at his home in Ibiza in the winter of 2006–2007. He performed five of the ten album tracks during his 2005–2006 tours; lyrics, melodies, and harmonies were refined for the studio recording, on which his touring band played and Tom Rothrock worked as producer.While Blunt’s first album received very little critical attention, critics from every major music publication, and newspapers around the world, weighed in on ''All the Lost Souls''. The album maintains a 53/100 rating at ''Metacritic'', which the website describes as "mixed or average reviews." Eric Danton, of the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' and ''The Hartford Courant'' wrote that the album is "a collection so bland, it makes hardtack seem sumptuous", while ''Rolling Stone'' said that the album contains "forgettable ballads that make Coldplay seem like the Arctic Monkeys." Yet, in her review of the album, Kerri Mason of ''Billboard'' said Blunt "shows the abandon and confidence of a long-term artist, not just a one-hit wonder". And of the album, Mason wrote, "there is not a misstep throughout". Equally effusive, Liz Hoggard of ''The Observer'' wrote that "it’s impossible to resist Blunt’s troubadour yearning.”
The first single from ''All the Lost Souls'', "1973", was inspired by Blunt's nights out at Pacha, an Ibiza club, which opened in that year. The song became another hit for Blunt reaching number one the Billboard European Hot 100 Singles chart. D.J. Pete Tong remixed "1973" and played the track during his set at Pacha over the summer of 2007. The second single, "Same Mistake", was released in early December 2007 but did not fare well in the UK charts, peaking at number 57. It was Number 1 in Brazil and a hit in many South American countries. The third single from the album was "Carry You Home", released in March 2008, peaking at number 20 in the U.K charts and bringing the album back into the Top 10, six months after its release. The fourth and final single from the original "All The Lost Souls" album was "I Really Want You".
Blunt collaborated twice during this album cycle. In the end of 2007, he worked with French rapper Sinik. They released "Je Réalise", which took elements of Blunt's song "I'll Take Everything", which hit the top 3 in France. On 14 November 2008, "Primavera in anticipo", Laura Pausini new album, was released. The title track is a duet with Blunt. The album reached the Number 1 in Italy.
Throughout 2007 and 2008, Blunt went on his second world tour, including a performance in London's O2 Arena.
On 24 November 2008, ''All The Lost Souls'' was re-released as a deluxe edition, with new album artwork, new single "Love, Love, Love" and the documentary ''James Blunt: Return to Kosovo''.
''Some Kind of Trouble''
James Blunt's third studio album titled ''Some Kind of Trouble'', was released on November 8, 2010. The album debuted at #4 in the UK with over 100,000 copies sold in the first week. The album's first single "Stay the Night" was released on October 27, 2010. The single charted in the UK top 40 at number 37, and sat at Number 2 on the European Airplay Chart for 5 consecutive weeks. The second single from the album, "So Far Gone" was for released on the UK on January 3, 2011. Overall critical reception has been mixed and as of February 2011, worldwide sales stand at over one million copies, making it a commercial success. The third single from the album, "If Time Is All I Have" was released in the UK on April 4, 2011.
Personal life
Blunt says that he has become closer to his family since his musical success. His father manages his finances and his mother arranged for the purchase of his principal residence in Ibiza, where Blunt has holidayed since he was a teenager. Blunt also owns a châlet in the Swiss town of Verbier, which he purchased in February 2007, and he was named "godfather" of one of the town's new ski lifts.Blunt was instrumental in introducing his sister to her eventual husband after offering her for "sale" on eBay. She was having difficulty obtaining transport to a funeral in Ireland, and Blunt listed her as a "damsel in distress". A person responded saying his friend had a helicopter his sister could charter, but it turned out he was in Sweden and she did not attend the funeral. But the respondent suggested she still meet up with the helicopter owner, Guy Harrison, and they began a relationship and eventually married.
The musician's social life has been the subject of significant commentary, particularly in the tabloid press. Blunt himself has found the degree of interest in his personal life to be bizarre, stating that "fame and celebrity is something that other people have constructed that I'm not really party to".
Charitable and environmental causes
Blunt has raised funds for the medical charity Médecins Sans Frontières through benefit concerts and by auctioning opportunities to meet him at his own shows. He first encountered MSF medical care workers during his tour of duty in Kosovo, and was impressed with the work they did under conditions of minimal support and limited security.He also supports environmental causes. He screened the trailer for ''An Inconvenient Truth'' at his concerts, and for each advance sales concert ticket purchased through his designated website a tree is planted. On 7 July 2007, Blunt performed at the Live Earth concert at Wembley Stadium, London, and is the owner of one of two prototype electric cars made by Hybrid Technologies under a Space Act partnership with NASA.
As a former soldier, Blunt is a patron of Help for Heroes, a charity aiming to raise money to provide better facilities for wounded British servicemen, and has also held benefit concerts for this charity.
Blunt has also contributed with his vocals for the charity single, "Everybody Hurts" in aid of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake Appeal.
Discography
Awards
Grammy Awards
|- | rowspan=5|2007 || James Blunt || Best New Artist || |- | rowspan=3 |"You're Beautiful" || Record of the Year|| |- | Song of the Year || |- | Best Male Pop Vocal Performance || |- | ''Back to Bedlam ''|| Best Pop Vocal Album ||;2005
References
Further reading
External links
Category:1974 births Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol Category:British Life Guards officers Category:Custard Records artists Category:English folk singers Category:English guitarists Category:English keyboardists Category:English-language singers Category:English male singers Category:English multi-instrumentalists Category:English pianists Category:English singer-songwriters Category:BRIT Award winners Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:Living people Category:Military brats Category:Old Harrovians Category:People from Tidworth Category:Sandhurst graduates Category:Warner Music Group artists Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:British expatriates in Spain
ar:جيمس بلانت bn:জেমস ব্লান্ট bs:James Blunt bg:Джеймс Блънт ca:James Blunt cs:James Blunt da:James Blunt de:James Blunt et:James Blunt el:Τζέιμς Μπλαντ es:James Blunt eo:James Blunt eu:James Blunt fa:جیمز بلانت fr:James Blunt ko:제임스 블런트 hy:Ջեյմս Բլանտ hi:जेम्स ब्लंट hr:James Blunt id:James Blunt is:James Blunt it:James Blunt he:ג'יימס בלאנט kn:ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಬ್ಲಂಟ್ ka:ჯეიმზ ბლანტი lv:Džeimss Blants lt:James Blunt hu:James Blunt mk:Џејмс Блант nah:James Blunt nl:James Blunt ja:ジェームス・ブラント no:James Blunt nn:James Blunt pl:James Blunt pt:James Blunt ro:James Blunt ru:Блант, Джеймс sq:James Blunt simple:James Blunt sr:Džejms Blant fi:James Blunt sv:James Blunt ta:ஜேம்ஸ் பிளண்ட் th:เจมส์ บลันท์ tr:James Blunt uk:Джеймс Блант vi:James Blunt zh:詹姆仕·布朗特This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 59°34′″N150°48′″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Alice Cooper |
| Background | solo_singer |
| Birth name | Vincent Damon Furnier |
| Born | February 04, 1948Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Instrument | Vocals, harmonica, guitar |
| Genre | Rock, hard rock, heavy metal, shock rock |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter, actor, DJ |
| Years active | 1964–present |
| Associated acts | Alice Cooper band, Ozzy Osbourne, Slash |
| Label | Straight, Warner Bros., Atlantic, MCA, Epic, Spitfire, Eagle, New West |
| Website | }} |
Alice Cooper (born Vincent Damon Furnier; February 4, 1948) is an American rock singer, songwriter and musician whose career spans more than four decades. With a stage show that features guillotines, electric chairs, fake blood, boa constrictors, and baby dolls, Cooper has drawn equally from horror movies, vaudeville, and garage rock to pioneer a grandly theatrical and violent brand of heavy metal designed to shock.
Alice Cooper was originally a band consisting of Furnier on vocals and harmonica, lead guitarist Glen Buxton, Michael Bruce on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and drummer Neal Smith. The original Alice Cooper band broke into the international music mainstream with the 1971 hit "I'm Eighteen" from the album ''Love it to Death'', which was followed by the even bigger single "School's Out" in 1972. The band reached their commercial peak with the 1973 album ''Billion Dollar Babies''.Furnier's solo career as Alice Cooper, adopting the band's name as his own name, began with the 1975 concept album ''Welcome to My Nightmare''. In 2008 he released ''Along Came a Spider'', his 18th solo album but his 25th album. Expanding from his original Detroit rock roots, over the years Cooper has experimented with many various musical styles, including conceptual rock, art rock, hard rock, new wave, pop rock, experimental rock and industrial rock.
Alice Cooper is known for his social and witty persona offstage. ''The Rolling Stone Album Guide'' goes so far as to call him the world's most "beloved heavy metal entertainer". He helped to shape the sound and look of heavy metal, and is seen as the one who "first introduced horror imagery to rock'n'roll, and whose stagecraft and showmanship have permanently transformed the genre". Away from music, Cooper is a film actor, a golfing celebrity, a restaurateur and, since 2004, a popular radio DJ with his classic rock show ''Nights with Alice Cooper''.
In 2011 the original Alice Cooper band was inducted into The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Early life
Cooper was born as Vincent Damon Furnier in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Ella Mae (Née McCart) and Ether Moroni Furnier. His father was a lay preacher in the Church of Jesus Christ (also known as the Bickertonite Church) which, historically, is a branch of the Latter Day Saint movement. He has French Huguenot, Sioux Native American, English, Scottish, and Irish ancestry, and was named after one of his uncles (Vincent Collier Furnier) and the writer Damon Runyon. His paternal grandfather, Thurman Sylvester Furnier, was an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite). Vincent Furnier was active in his church at the ages of 11 and 12.While growing up in Detroit, Furnier attended Washington Elementary School, then Nankin Mills Jr. High, now Lutheran High School Westland. Following a series of childhood illnesses, Furnier moved with his family to Phoenix, Arizona, where he attended Cortez High School in north Phoenix, and was a member of the Order of DeMolay.
Recording career
1960s
In 1964 sixteen year-old Furnier was eager to take part in the local annual letterman's talent show, so he gathered fellow cross-country teammates to form a group for the show. They named themselves The Earwigs. Since they did not know how to play any instruments at the time, they dressed up like The Beatles and mimed their performance to Beatles songs. As a result of winning the talent show and loving the experience of being onstage, the group immediately proceeded to learn how to play instruments they acquired from a local pawn shop. They soon renamed themselves The Spiders, featuring Furnier on vocals, Glen Buxton on lead guitar, John Tatum on rhythm guitar, Dennis Dunaway on bass guitar, and John Speer on drums. Musically, the group was inspired by artists such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Who, The Kinks, and The Yardbirds. For the next year the band performed regularly around the Phoenix area with a huge black spider's web as their backdrop, the group's first stage prop. In 1965 they recorded their first single, "Why Don't You Love Me" (originally performed by The Blackwells), with Furnier learning the harmonica for that song.In 1966 The Spiders graduated from high school, and after North High School footballer, Michael Bruce, replaced John Tatum on rhythm guitar, the band scored a local #1 radio hit with "Don't Blow Your Mind," an original composition from their second single release. By 1967 the band had begun to make regular road trips to Los Angeles, California to play shows. They soon renamed themselves The Nazz and released the single "Wonder Who's Lovin' Her Now," backed with future Alice Cooper track "Lay Down And Die, Goodbye." At around this time drummer John Speer was replaced by Neal Smith. By the end of the year the band had relocated to Los Angeles permanently.
In 1968 upon learning that Todd Rundgren also had a band called Nazz, the band was again in need of another stage name. Believing that the group needed a gimmick to succeed, and that other bands were not exploiting the showmanship potential of the stage, Furnier chose "Alice Cooper" as the band's name and adopted this stage name as his own. Cooper later stated that the name change was one of his most important and successful career moves.
Nonetheless, at the time Cooper and the band realized that the concept of a male playing the role of a villian, a woman killer, in tattered women's clothing and wearing make-up, would have the potential to cause considerable social controversy and grab headlines. In 2007 in his book ''Alice Cooper, Golf Monster'' Cooper stated that his look was inspired in part by film. One of the band's all time favorite movies was ''What Ever Happened to Baby Jane'' starring Bette Davis. "In the movie, Bette wears disgusting caked makeup smeared on her face and underneath her eyes, with deep , dark, black eyeliner." Another movie watched over and over was ''Barbarella''. "When I saw Anita Pallenberg playing the Great Tyrant in that movie in 1968, wearing long black leather gloves with switchblades coming out of them, I thought, 'That's what Alice should look like'. That, and a little bit of Emma Peel from ''The Avengers''".
The conception for the character that Cooper plays on stage came when he took careful observation of the rock world around him. He noticed that rock stars were always made out to be heroes, and that rock villains were scarce. In a 2010 interview he stated, "Why do we always have rock heroes? Why not a rock villain? I was more than happy to be rock's Darth Vader. I was more than happy to be Captain Hook."
The classic Alice Cooper group line-up consisted of singer Alice Cooper (Vincent Furnier), lead guitarist Glen Buxton, rhythm guitarist Michael Bruce, bassist Dennis Dunaway, and drummer Neal Smith. With the exception of Smith, who graduated from Camelback High School (which is referred to in the song "Alma Mater" on the ''School's Out'' album), all of the band members were on the Cortez High School cross-country team, and many of Cooper's stage effects were inspired by their cross-country coach, Emmett Smith (one of Smith's class projects was to build a working guillotine for slicing watermelons). Cooper, Buxton and Dunaway were also art students, and their admiration for the works of surrealist artists such as Salvador Dalí would further inspire their future stage antics.
One night after an unsuccessful gig at the Cheetah club in Venice, California, where the band emptied the entire room of patrons after playing just ten minutes, they were approached and enlisted by music manager Shep Gordon, who ironically saw the band's negative impact that night as a force that could be turned in a more productive direction. Shep then arranged an audition for the band with composer and renowned record producer, Frank Zappa, who was looking to sign bizarre music acts to his new record label, Straight Records. For the audition Zappa told them to come to his house "at 7 o'clock." The band mistakenly assumed he meant 7 o'clock in the morning. Being woken up by a band willing to play that particular brand of psychedelic rock at seven in the morning impressed Zappa enough to sign them to a three-album deal. Another Zappa-signed act, the all-female GTOs, who liked to "dress the Cooper boys up like full size barbie dolls," played a major role in developing the band's early onstage look.
Cooper's first album ''Pretties for You'' (released in 1969) had a slight psychedelic feel. Although it touched the US charts for one week at #193, it was ultimately a critical and commercial failure.
Alice Cooper's "shock rock" reputation apparently developed almost by accident at first. An unrehearsed stage routine involving Cooper and a live chicken garnered attention from the press, and the band decided to capitalize on the tabloid sensationalism, creating in the process a new subgenre, shock rock. Cooper claims that the infamous "Chicken Incident" at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival concert in September 1969 was an accident. A chicken somehow made its way onto the stage during Cooper's performance, and not having any experience around farm animals, Cooper presumed that, because the chicken had wings, it would be able to fly. He picked it up and threw it out over the crowd, expecting it to fly away. The chicken instead plummeted into the first few rows occupied by disabled people in wheelchairs, who reportedly proceeded to tear the bird to pieces.
The next day the incident made the front page of national newspapers, and Zappa phoned Cooper and asked if the story, which reported that he had bitten off the chicken's head and drunk its blood on stage, was true. Cooper denied the rumor, whereupon Zappa told him, "Well, whatever you do, don't tell anyone you didn't do it", obviously recognizing that such publicity would be priceless for the band.
1970s
Despite the publicity from the Chicken Incident, the band's stronger second album, ''Easy Action'', released in June 1970, met with the same fate as its predecessor. At around this time the band, fed up with Californians' indifference to their act, relocated to Cooper's birthplace, Detroit, where their bizarre stage act was much better received by the crowds of the Midwest states who were accustomed to the similar hard rock styles of local bands such as The Stooges and The MC5. Despite this, Cooper still managed to receive a cream pie in the face when performing at the Cincinnati Pop Festival. Detroit would remain their steady home base until 1972. "LA just didn’t get it," Cooper stated. "They were all on the wrong drug for us. They were on acid and we were basically drinking beer. We fit much more in Detroit than we did anywhere else."Alice Cooper appeared at the Woodstock-esque, Strawberry Fields Festival near Toronto, Ontario in August 1970. The band's mix of glam and increasingly violent stage theatrics stood out in stark contrast to the bearded, denim-clad hippie bands of the time. As Cooper himself stated: "We were into fun, sex, death and money when everybody was into peace and love. We wanted to see what was next. It turned out we were next, and we drove a stake through the heart of the Love Generation".
In autumn 1970 the Alice Cooper group teamed with producer Bob Ezrin for the recording of their third album ''Love it to Death''. This was the final album in their Straight Records contract and the band's last chance to create a hit. That first success came with the single "I'm Eighteen", released in November 1970, which reached number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1971. Not long after the album's release in January 1971 Warner Bros. Records purchased Alice Cooper's contract from Straight and re-issued the album, giving the group a higher level of promotion.
''Love it to Death'' proved to be their breakthrough album, reaching number 35 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album charts. It would be the first of eleven Alice Cooper group and solo albums produced by Ezrin, who is widely seen as being instrumental in helping to create and develop the band's definitive sound.
The group's 1971 tour featured a stage show involving mock fights and gothic torture modes being imposed on Cooper climaxing with a staged execution by electric chair, with the band sporting tight, sequined, and color-contrasting glam rock-style costumes made by prominent rock fashion designer Cindy Dunaway (sister of band member Neal Smith, and wife of band member Dennis Dunaway). Cooper's androgynous stage role had developed to present a villainous side, portraying a potential threat to modern society. The success of the band's single, the album, and their tour of 1971, which included their first tour of Europe (audience members reportedly included Elton John and a pre-Ziggy David Bowie), provided enough encouragement for Warner Bros. to offer the band a new multi-album contract.
Their follow-up album ''Killer'', released in late 1971, continued the commercial success of ''Love It To Death'' and included further single success with "Under My Wheels", "Be My Lover" in early 1972, and "Halo Of Flies" which became a Top 10 hit in the Netherlands in 1972. Thematically, ''Killer'' expanded on the villainous side of Cooper's androgynous stage role, with its music becoming the soundtrack to the group's morality-based stage show, which by then featured a boa constrictor hugging Cooper onstage, the murderous axe chopping of bloodied baby dolls, and execution by hanging at the gallows. Back then, the real criticism was aimed at questioning the artists' sexual ambiguity, rather than the stage gore. In January 1972, Cooper was again asked about his peculiar name, and told talk show hostess Dinah Shore that he took the name from a "Mayberry RFD" character.
The summer of 1972 saw the release of the single "School's Out". It went Top 10 in the US, was a #1 single in the UK, and remains a staple on classic rock radio to this day. ''School's Out'' the album reached #2 on the US charts and sold over a million copies. The band now relocated to their new mansion in Greenwich, Connecticut. With Cooper's on-stage androgynous persona completely replaced with brattiness and machismo, the band solidified their success with subsequent tours in the US and Europe, and won over devoted fans in droves while at the same time horrifying parents and outraging the social establishment. Controversy seemed to have little negative effect on the band's popularity, as they were selected to be the first band to appear on then-new US television series ABC In Concert in September 1972. In England, Mary Whitehouse, a well known campaigner for values of morality and decency, succeeded in having the BBC ban the video for "School's Out" and Member of Parliament Leo Abse petitioned Home Secretary Reginald Maudling to have the group banned altogether from performing in the country.
In February 1973 ''Billion Dollar Babies'' was released worldwide and became the band's most commercially successful album, reaching #1 in both the US and UK. "Elected", a late-1972 Top 10 UK hit from the album, which inspired one of the first MTV-style story-line promo videos ever made for a song (three years before Queen's promotional video for "Bohemian Rhapsody"), was followed by two more UK Top 10 singles, "Hello Hooray" and "No More Mr. Nice Guy", the latter of which was the last UK single from the album; it reached #25 in the US. The title track, featuring guest vocals by Donovan, was also a US hit single. Due to Glen Buxton's waning health around this time Mick Mashbir was secretly added to the band (who also played, without credit, on ''Muscle of Love'') to supplement Glen's playing.
With a string of successful concept albums and several hit singles, the band continued their gruelling schedule and toured the US once again. Continued attempts by politicians and pressure groups to ban their shocking act only served to fuel the myth of Alice Cooper further and generate even greater public interest. Their 1973 US tour broke box office records previously set by The Rolling Stones and raised rock theatrics to new heights; the multi-level stage show by then featured numerous special effects, including Billion Dollar Bills, decapitated baby dolls and mannequins, a dental psychosis scene complete with dancing teeth, and the ultimate execution prop and highlight of the show: the guillotine. The guillotine and other stage effects were designed for the band by magician James Randi, who appeared on stage during some of the shows as executioner. The Alice Cooper group had now reached its peak and it was among the most visible and successful acts in the industry. (Cooper's stage antics would influence a host of later bands, including, among others, Mercyful Fate, King Diamond, Kiss, Blue Öyster Cult, GWAR, W.A.S.P., Lizzy Borden and, later, Marilyn Manson, Slipknot, Rob Zombie and Norwegian black metal bands.) Beneath the surface, however, the repetitive schedule of recording and touring had begun to take its toll on the band, and Cooper, who was under the constant pressure of getting into character for that night's show, was consistently sighted nursing a can of beer.
''Muscle of Love'', released at the end of 1973, was to be the last studio album from the classic line-up, and marked Alice Cooper's last UK Top 20 single of the 1970s with "Teenage Lament '74". An unsolicited theme song was recorded for the James Bond movie ''The Man with the Golden Gun'', but a different song of the same name by Lulu was chosen instead. By 1974, the ''Muscle of Love'' album had not matched the top-charting success of its predecessor, and the band began to have constant disagreements. Cooper wanted to retain the theatrics in the show that had brought them so much attention, while the rest of the group thought they should be toned down so that they could concentrate more on the music which had given them credibility. Largely as a result of this difference of opinion, the band decided to take a much-needed hiatus.
During this time Cooper relocated back to Los Angeles and started appearing regularly on TV shows such as ''Hollywood Squares'', and Warner Bros. released the ''Alice Cooper's Greatest Hits'' compilation album. It featured classic style artwork and reached the US Top 10, performing better than ''Muscle of Love''. However, the band's 1974 feature film ''Good To See You Again, Alice Cooper'' (consisting mainly of 1973 concert footage with 'comedic' sketches woven throughout to a faint storyline), released on a minor theatrical run mostly to drive-in theaters, saw little box office success.
As some of the Alice Cooper band members had begun recording their own solo albums, Cooper decided to do the same himself. In 1975 he released his first solo album, ''Welcome To My Nightmare''. To avoid legal complications over ownership of the group name, Alice Cooper had by then become the singer's new legal name. The success of the solo album marked the final break with the original members of the band with Cooper collaborating with their producer Bob Ezrin, who recruited Lou Reed's backing band, including guitarists Dick Wagner and Steve Hunter, to play on the album. Spearheaded by the US Top 20 hit ballad, "Only Women Bleed", the album was released by Atlantic Records in March of that year and became a Top 10 hit for Cooper. It was a concept album that was based on the nightmare of a child named Steven, featuring narration by classic horror movie film star Vincent Price (several years after ''Welcome To My Nightmare'', he guested on Michael Jackson's "Thriller"), and serving as the soundtrack to Cooper's new stage show, which now included more theatrics than ever (including an furry Cyclops which Cooper decapitates and kills).
By this time, however, alcohol was clearly affecting Cooper's performances. During the ''Welcome to My Nightmare'' tour in Vancouver, and only a few songs into the routine, Cooper tripped over a foot-light, staggered a few paces, lost his bearings, and plunged head-first off the stage and onto the concrete floor of the Pacific Coliseum. Some fans, thinking it was all part of the act, reached through the barriers to pull at his blood-matted hair before bouncers could pull him away for help. He was taken to a local hospital, where medical staff stitched his head wound and provided him with a skullcap. Cooper returned to the venue a couple of hours later and tried to perform a couple of more songs, but within minutes he had to call it a night. The opening act, Suzi Quatro, had already left the building and the remainder of the concert was canceled.
Accompanying the album and stage show was the TV special ''The Nightmare'', starring Cooper and Vincent Price, which aired on US prime-time TV in April 1975. ''The Nightmare'', the first rock music video album ever made (it was later released on home video in 1983 and gained a Grammy Awards nomination for Best Long Form Music Video), was regarded as another groundbreaking moment in rock history. Adding to all that, a concert film, also called ''Welcome to My Nightmare'' produced, directed and choreographed by the West Side Story cast member David Winters and filmed live at London's Wembley Arena in September 1975, was released to theaters in 1976. Though it failed at the box office, it later became a midnight movie favorite and a cult classic.
Such was the immense success of Cooper's solo project that he decided to continue alone as a solo artist, and the original band became officially defunct. It was also during this time that Cooper co-founded the legendary drinking club The Hollywood Vampires, which gave him yet another reason to indulge his continued ample appetite for alcohol.
Following the 1976 US #12 hit "I Never Cry", another ballad, two albums, ''Alice Cooper Goes to Hell'' and ''Lace and Whiskey'', and another ballad hit, the US #9 "You and Me", it became clear from his performances during his 1977 US tour that he was in dire need of help with his alcoholism (at his alcoholic peak it was rumored that Cooper was consuming up to two cases of Budweiser and a bottle of whiskey a day). Following the tour, Cooper had himself hospitalized in a New York sanitarium for treatment, during which time the live album ''The Alice Cooper Show'' was released. His experience in the sanitarium was the inspiration for his 1978 semi-autobiographical album ''From The Inside'', which Cooper co-wrote with Bernie Taupin. The release spawned another US Top 20 hit "How You Gonna See Me Now", which peaked at #12, and was yet another ballad, based on his fear of how his wife would react to him after his spell in hospital.
The subsequent tour's stage show was based inside an asylum, and was filmed for Cooper's first home video release, ''The Strange Case of Alice Cooper'', in 1979. Around this time, Cooper performed "Welcome To My Nightmare", "You and Me", and "School's Out" on ''The Muppet Show'' (episode # 307) on March 28, 1978 (he played one of the devil's henchmen trying to dupe Kermit the Frog and Gonzo into selling their souls). He also appeared in an against-type casting in the campy role of a piano playing, disco bellboy in Mae West's final film, ''Sextette''. Cooper also led celebrities in raising money to remodel the famous Hollywood Sign in California. Cooper himself contributed over $27,000 to the project, buying an O in the sign in memory of friend and comedian Groucho Marx.
1980s
Cooper's albums from the beginning of the 80s, ''Flush the Fashion'', ''Special Forces'', ''Zipper Catches Skin'', and ''DaDa'', were not as commercially successful as his past releases, and Cooper has claimed that, suffering from acute alcoholic amnesia, he has no recollection of recording the latter two of these albums. ''Flush the Fashion'', produced by Queen producer Roy Thomas Baker, had a thick, edgy New Wave musical sound that baffled even long-time fans, though it still yielded the US Top 40 hit "(We're All) Clones". The album ''Special Forces'' featured a more aggressive but consistent form of New Wave style, and included a new version of "Generation Landslide". The following album, ''Zipper Catches Skin'' was a more power pop-oriented recording, with lots of quirky high-energy guitar-driven songs. While those three albums engaged the experimental New Wave sound with energetic results, 1983 marked the return collaboration of producer Bob Ezrin and guitarist Dick Wagner with the haunting epic ''DaDa'', the final album in his Warner Bros. contract.In 1983 after the recording of ''DaDa'', Cooper was re-hospitalized for alcoholism. In a deathly state of health he moved back to Phoenix to save his marriage from collapse, and so that he could receive the support of family and friends. Cooper was finally clean and sober by the time ''DaDa'' and ''The Nightmare'' home video (of his 1975 TV Special) were released in the fall of that year; however, both releases performed below expectations. Even with ''The Nightmare'' scoring a nomination for 1984's Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video (he lost to Duran Duran), it was not enough for Warner Bros. to keep Cooper on their books, so in 1984 Cooper became a "free agent" for the first time in his career.
After over a year on hiatus, during which time he spent being a full-time father, perfecting his golf swing every day on the golf course, and finding time to star in the Spanish B-grade horror movie production ''Monster Dog'', Cooper sought to pick up the pieces of his musical career. In 1985 he met and began writing songs with guitarist Kane Roberts. Cooper was subsequently signed to MCA Records, and appeared as guest vocalist on Twisted Sister's song "Be Chrool To Your Scuel". A video was made for the song, featuring Cooper donning his black snake-eyes make-up for the first time since 1979. But any publicity it may have generated toward Cooper's return to the music scene was cut short as the video was promptly banned because of its graphically gory make-up (by Tom Savini), and because of the innumerable zombies in the video and their insatiable appetite for gorging on human flesh.
In 1986 Alice Cooper officially returned to the music industry with the album ''Constrictor''. The album spawned the hits "He's Back (The Man Behind the Mask)" (the theme song for the movie ''Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives''; in the video of the song Cooper was given a cameo role as a deranged psychiatrist) and the fan favorite "Teenage Frankenstein". The Constrictor album was a catalyst for Cooper to make (for the first time since the 1982 ''Special Forces'' tour) a triumphant return to the road, on a tour appropriately entitled ''The Nightmare Returns''. The Detroit leg of this tour, which took place at the end of October 1986 during Halloween, was captured on film as ''The Nightmare Returns'', and is viewed by some as being the definitive Alice Cooper concert film. The concert, which received rave reviews in the rock music press, was also described as bringing "Cooper’s violent, twisted onstage fantasies to a new generation". The ''Constrictor'' album was followed by ''Raise Your Fist and Yell'' in 1987, which had an even rougher sound than its predecessor, as well as the Cooper classic "Freedom". The subsequent tour of ''Raise Your Fist and Yell'', which was heavily inspired by the slasher horror movies of the time such as the Friday the 13th series and Nightmare on Elm Street, served up a shocking spectacle similar to its predecessor, and courted the kind of controversy, especially in Europe, that recalled the public outrage caused by Cooper's public performances in America in the early 1970s.
In Britain Labour M.P. David Blunkett called for the show to be banned, saying "I'm horrified by his behaviour — it goes beyond the bounds of entertainment". The controversy spilled over into the German segment of the tour, with the German government actually succeeding in having some of the gorier segments of the performance removed. It was also during the London leg of the tour that Cooper met with a near fatal accident during the hanging execution sequence at the end of the show. Needless to say the attendant publicity served only to increase public interest and ensure that the tour was completely sold out.
''Constrictor'' and ''Raise Your Fist and Yell'' were recorded with lead guitarist Kane Roberts and bassist Kip Winger, both of whom would leave the band by the end of 1988 (although Kane Roberts played guitar on "Bed Of Nails" on 1989's album Trash). Roberts would continue as a solo artist while Kip Winger would go on to form Winger.
In 1987 Cooper made a brief appearance as a vagrant in the horror movie ''Prince of Darkness'', directed by John Carpenter. His role had no lines and consisted of generally menacing the protagonists before eventually impaling one of them with a bicycle frame. Cooper also appeared at ''WrestleMania III'', escorting wrestler Jake 'The Snake' Roberts to the ring. After the match was over, Cooper got involved and threw Jake's snake Damien at The Honky Tonk Man's manager Jimmy Hart. Jake considered the involvement of Cooper to be an honor, as he had idolized Cooper in his youth and was still a huge fan.
In 1988 Cooper's contract with MCA Records expired and he signed with Epic Records. Then in 1989 his career finally experienced a real revival with the Desmond Child produced album ''Trash'', which spawned a hit single "Poison", which reached #2 in the UK and #7 in the US, and a worldwide arena tour.
1990s
1991 saw the release of Cooper's 19th studio album, ''Hey Stoopid'', again featuring several of rock music’s glitterati guesting on the record. Released as glam metal's popularity was on the wane, and just before the explosion of grunge, it failed to have the same commercial impact as its predecessor. The same year also saw the release of the video ''Alice Cooper: Prime Cuts'' which chronicled his entire career using in depth interviews with Cooper himself, Bob Ezrin, and Shep Gordon. One critic has noted that ''Prime Cuts'' demonstrates how Cooper had used (in contrast to similar artists who succeeded him) themes of satire and moralisation to such good effect throughout his career. It was in the ''Prime Cuts'' video that Bob Ezrin delivered his own summation of the Alice Cooper persona: "He is the psycho killer in all of us. He's the axe murderer, he's the spoiled child, he's the abuser, he's the abused; he's the perpetrator, he's the victim, he's the gun slinger, and he's the guy lying dead in the middle of the street".By the early 1990s Cooper had become a genuine cultural icon, guesting on records by the most successful bands of the time, such as the Guns N' Roses album ''Use Your Illusion I'', (on which he shared vocal duties with Axl Rose on the track "The Garden"); making a brief appearance as the abusive stepfather of Freddy Krueger in the ''Nightmare On Elm Street'' film ''Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare'' (1991); and making a famous cameo appearance in the 1992 comedy film ''Wayne's World'', in which he and his band intellectually discuss (after a performance of the song "Feed My Frankenstein" from ''Hey Stoopid'') the history of Milwaukee in surprising depth. In a now famous scene, the movie's main characters Wayne and Garth, upon seeing Cooper, kneel and bow reverently before him while chanting "We're not worthy! We're not worthy!" He later made an appearance on an episode of ''That 70s Show'', at the end of which he and two other (minor) guest characters parody ''Dungeons & Dragons''.
In 1994 Cooper released ''The Last Temptation'', his first concept album since ''DaDa''. The album deals with issues of faith, temptation, alienation, and the frustrations of modern life, and has been described as "a young man's struggle to see the truth through the distractions of the 'Sideshow' of the modern world". Concurrent with the release of ''The Last Temptation'' was a three-part comic book series written by Neil Gaiman, fleshing out the album's story. This was to be Cooper’s last album with Epic Records, and his last studio release for six years, though during this period the live album ''A Fistful of Alice'' was released, and in 1997 he lent his voice to the first track of Insane Clown Posse's ''The Great Milenko''. In 1999, the four-disc box set ''The Life and Crimes of Alice Cooper'' appeared, which contained an authorized biography of Cooper, ''Alcohol and Razor Blades, Poison and Needles: The Glorious Wretched Excess of Alice Cooper, All-American'', written by ''Creem'' magazine editor Jeffrey Morgan.
During his absence from the recording studio, Cooper toured extensively every year throughout the latter part of the 1990s, including, in 1996, South America, which he had not visited since 1974. Also in 1996, Cooper sang the role of Herod on the London cast recording of the musical ''Jesus Christ Superstar''.
2000s
The first decade of the 21st century saw a sustained period of activity from Alice Cooper. In the decade that he turned sixty, he toured extensively and released (after a significant break) a steady stream of studio albums to favorable critical acclaim. During this period Cooper was also recognized and awarded in various ways: he received a Rock Immortal award at the 2007 Scream Awards; was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003; he received (in May 2004) an honorary doctoral degree from Grand Canyon University; was given (in May 2006) the key to the city of Alice, North Dakota; he scooped the living legend award at the 2006 Classic Rock Roll of Honour event; he won the 2007 Mojo music magazine Hero Award; and fans twice tried to induct him into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.The lengthy break between studio albums ended in 2000 with ''Brutal Planet'', which was a return to horror-lined heavy metal, with industrial rock, and with subject matter thematically inspired by the brutality of the modern world, set in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future, and also inspired by a number of news stories that had recently appeared on the CNN news channel. The album was produced by Bob Marlett, with longtime Cooper production collaborator Bob Ezrin returning as Executive Producer. The accompanying world tour, which included Cooper's first concert in Russia, was a resounding success, introducing Alice Cooper to a new audience and producing the live home video, ''Brutally Live'', in 2001. During one memorable episode in ''Brutally Live'', Britney Spears (being played by Alice Cooper's real life daughter, Calico), and representing "everything that my audience hates — the softening of rock and roll...the sweetness of it" is executed by Cooper.
Brutal Planet was succeeded by the sonically similar and widely acclaimed sequel ''Dragontown'', which saw Bob Ezrin back at the helm as producer. The album has been described as leading the listener down "a nightmarish path into the mind of rock's original conceptual storyteller" and by Cooper himself as being "the worst town on Brutal Planet". Like ''The Last Temptation'', both ''Brutal Planet'' and ''Dragontown'' are albums which explore Cooper's personal faith perspective (born again Christianity). It is often cited in the music media that ''Dragontown'' forms the third chapter in a trilogy begun with ''The Last Temptation''; however, Cooper has himself indicated that this in fact is not the case.
Cooper again adopted a leaner, cleaner sound for his critically acclaimed 2003 release ''The Eyes Of Alice Cooper''. Recognizing that many contemporary bands were having great success with his former sounds and styles, Cooper worked with a somewhat younger group of road and studio musicians who were very familiar with his oeuvre of old. However, instead of rehashing the old sounds, they updated them, often with surprisingly effective results. The resulting ''Bare Bones'' tour adopted a less-orchestrated performance style that had fewer theatrical flourishes and a greater emphasis on musicality. The success of this tour helped support the growing recognition that the classic Cooper songs were exceptionally clever, tuneful and unique.
Cooper's radio show, ''Nights with Alice Cooper'', began airing on January 26, 2004 in several US cities. The program showcases classic rock, Cooper's personal stories about his life as a rock icon, and interviews with prominent rock artists. The show is broadcast on nearly 100 stations in the US and Canada, and has also been broadcast all over the world. In 2005, Alice Cooper was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.
A continuation of the songwriting approach adopted on ''The Eyes of Alice Cooper'' was again adopted by Cooper for his 24th studio album, ''Dirty Diamonds'', released in 2005. ''Dirty Diamonds'' became Cooper's highest charting album since 1994's ''The Last Temptation''. The Dirty Diamonds tour launched in America in August 2005 after several European concerts, including a performance at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland on July 12. Cooper and his band, including Kiss drummer Eric Singer, were filmed for a DVD released as ''Alice Cooper: Live at Montreux 2005''. One critic, in a review of the Montreux release, commented that Cooper was to be applauded for "still mining pretty much the same territory of teenage angst and rebellion" as he had done more than thirty years previously.
In December 2006 the original Alice Cooper band reunited to perform six classic Alice Cooper songs at Cooper's annual charity event in Phoenix, entitled "Christmas Pudding".
On July 1, 2007, Cooper performed a duet with Marilyn Manson at the B'Estival event in Bucharest, Romania. The performance represented a reconciliation between the two artists; Cooper had previously taken issue with Manson over his overtly anti-Christian onstage antics, which included tearing up Bibles, and he had sarcastically made reference to the originality of Manson's choosing a female name and dressing in women's clothing. Cooper and Manson have been the subject of an academic paper on the significance of adolescent antiheroes.
In January 2008 he was one of the guest singers on the new ''Avantasia'' album ''The Scarecrow'', singing the 7th track, ''The Toy Master''. In July 2008, after lengthy delays, Cooper released ''Along Came a Spider'', his 25th studio album. It was Cooper's highest charting album since 1991's ''Hey Stoopid'', reaching #53 in the US and #31 in the UK. The album, visiting similar territory explored in 1987's ''Raise Your Fist and Yell'', deals with the nefarious antics of a deranged serial killer named "Spider" who is on a quest to use the limbs of his victims to create a human spider. The album generally received positive reviews from music critics, though Rolling Stone magazine opined that the music on the record sorely missed Bob Ezrin's production values. The resulting ''Theatre of Death'' tour of the album (during which Cooper is executed on four separate occasions) was described in a long November 2009 article about Cooper in ''The Times'' as "epic" and featuring "enough fake blood to remake Saving Private Ryan".
2010s
On January 22, 2010, it was announced that Alice would be touring with Rob Zombie on the "Gruesome Twosome" tour.On March 29, 2010, Cooper revealed during his weekly radio show on ''Planet Rock'' that his next record is to be titled ''The Night Shift''. Cooper stated he has 10 demos ready.
On May 26, 2010, Cooper made an appearance during the beginning of the season finale of the reality-show, American Idol, in which he sang "School's Out".
On June 20, 2010, Cooper joined Slash on stage in Paris to perform the song "School's Out". On June 15, 2010 to coincide with the release of the "Alice Cooper Track Pack" for Guitar Hero, a free download of the newly-recorded "Elected" was made available on Alice Cooper's official website. He scored alongside his daughter and band member Dick Wagner the score for the Indie horror flick Silas Gore.
During 2010 Cooper began working on a new album, dubbed ''Welcome 2 My Nightmare'', a sequel to the original ''Welcome to My Nightmare''. In a Radio Metal interview, he said that "[w]e'll put some of the original people on it and add some new people[...]I'm very happy with working with Bob (Ezrin) again."
During a press conference in France Cooper said about ''Welcome to My Nightmare II'': "this album is more bloody and more accomplished than the first. It sounds like the early years." By October 2010, Alice and Bob Ezrin had come up with 13 songs, including the ballads "I Am Made of You" and "Something to Remember Me By." In addition, Cooper cut three new songs with original band members Dennis Dunaway, Neal Smith and Michael Bruce.
On December 15, 2010, it was announced Cooper and his former band would be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The official Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony took place March 14, 2011, where Cooper was inducted by fellow horror-rocker Rob Zombie. He showed up for the event wearing a (presumably fake) blood-splattered shirt and had a live giant albino boa snake wrapped around his neck. Cooper told ''Rolling Stone'' magazine that he was "elated" by the news and that the nomination had been made for the original band, as "We all did go to the same high school together, and we were all on the track team, and it was pretty cool that guys that knew each other before the band ended up going that far".
On March 10, 2011 Jackson Browne, David Crosby, Graham Nash, Alice Cooper, Jennifer Warnes, and others performed at a benefit concert in Tucson, Arizona benefiting The Fund For Civility, Respect, and Understanding, a foundation that raise awareness about and provides medical prevention and treatment services to people with mental disorders. The concert also benefited the injured and the families of victims of the January 8, 2011 shootings in Tucson, AZ. On March 19, 2011, Alice appeared on the Tonight Show With Jay Leno, and on June 26, 2011, he took his place in the Reasonably Priced Car at the BBC auto show Top Gear. He also announced on the BBC One chat show, Lee Mack's All Star Cast, that he would be shooting a small cameo in Tim Burton's upcoming film version of Dark Shadows.
On July 2 he joined the Foo Fighters on the first of their two nights at the Milton Keynes Bowl to perform "Schools Out" and "I'm 18".
Influences and fans
During an interview for the program ''Entertainment USA'' in 1986 Cooper stunned interviewer Jonathan King by stating that The Yardbirds were his favorite band of all time. Perhaps King should not have been so taken aback, as Cooper had as far back as 1969 gone on record as saying that it was music from the mid-sixties, and particularly from British bands The Beatles, The Who, and The Rolling Stones, as well as The Yardbirds, that had the greatest influence on him. Cooper would later pay homage to The Who by singing "I'm A Boy" for ''A Celebration: The Music of Pete Townshend and The Who'' in 1994 at Carnegie Hall in New York, and performing a cover of "My Generation" on the ''Brutal Planet'' tour of 2000.During an interview Cooper himself conducted with Ozzy Osbourne on his radio show, ''Nights with Alice Cooper'' in 2007, Cooper again affirmed his debt of gratitude to these bands, and to The Beatles in particular. During their discussion, Cooper and Osbourne bemoaned the often inferior quality of songwriting coming from contemporary rock artists. Cooper stated that in his opinion the cause of the problem was that certain modern bands "had forgotten to listen to The Beatles".
On the 25th Anniversary DVD of ''Cabaret'', Liza Minnelli stated that her good friend, Alice Cooper, had told her that his whole career was based on the movie ''Cabaret''.
Evidence of Cooper's eclectic tastes in both classic and contemporary rock music, from the 1960s to the present, can be seen in the track listings of his radio show; in addition, when he appeared on the BBC Radio 2 program ''Tracks of My Years'' in September 2007, he listed his favourite tracks of all time as being: "19th Nervous Breakdown" (1966) by The Rolling Stones; "Turning Japanese" (1980) by The Vapors; "My Sharona" (1979) by The Knack; "Beds Are Burning" (1987) by Midnight Oil; "My Generation" (1965) by The Who; "Welcome To The Jungle" (1987) by Guns N' Roses; "Rebel Rebel" (1974) by David Bowie; "Over Under Sideways Down" (1966) by The Yardbirds; "Are You Gonna Be My Girl" (2003) by Jet; and "A Hard Day's Night" (1964) by The Beatles, and when he appeared on Desert Island Discs in 2010 he chose the songs "Happenings Ten Years Time Ago" by The Yardbirds; "I Get Around" by The Beach Boys; "I'm a Boy" by The Who; Timer by Laura Nyro; "21st Century Schizoid Man" by King Crimson; "Been Caught Stealing" by Jane's Addiction; "Work Song" by The Paul Butterfield Blues Band and "Ballad of a Thin Man" by Bob Dylan.
Rob Zombie, former frontman of White Zombie, claims his first "metal moment" was seeing Alice Cooper on Don Kirshner's Rock Concert.
In a 1978 interview with ''Rolling Stone'', Bob Dylan stated, "I think Alice Cooper is an overlooked songwriter".
In the foreword to Alice Cooper's CD retrospective box set ''The Life and Crimes of Alice Cooper'', John Lydon of The Sex Pistols pronounced ''Killer'' as the greatest rock album of all time, and in 2002 Lydon presented his own tribute program to Cooper on BBC radio. Lydon told the BBC that "I know the words to every Alice Cooper song. The fact is, if you can call what I have a musical career, it all started with me miming to I'm Eighteen on a jukebox".
The Flaming Lips are longtime Alice Cooper fans and used the bass line from "Levity Ball" (an early song from the 1969 release ''Pretties for You'') for their song "The Ceiling Is Bending". They also covered "Sun Arise" for an Alice Cooper tribute album. (Cooper's version, which closes the album ''Love It To Death'', was itself a cover of a Rolf Harris song.)
In 1999 Cleopatra Records released ''Humanary Stew: A Tribute to Alice Cooper'' featuring a number of contributions from rock and metal all-star collaborations, including Dave Mustaine, Roger Daltrey, Ronnie James Dio, Slash, Bruce Dickinson, and Steve Jones. The album was notable for the fact that it was possible to assemble a different supergroup for each cover version on the record, which gave an indication of the depth of esteem in which Cooper is held by other eminent musicians within the music industry.
A song by alternative rock group They Might Be Giants from their 1994 album ''John Henry'' entitled "Why Must I Be Sad?" mentions 13 Cooper songs, and has been described as being "from the perspective of a kid who hears all of his unspoken sadness given voice in the music of Alice Cooper; Alice says everything the kid has been wishing he could say about his alienated, frustrated, teenage world".
Such unlikely non-musician fans of Cooper included Groucho Marx and Mae West, who both reportedly saw the early shows as a form of vaudeville revue, and artist Salvador Dalí, who on attending a show in 1973 described it as being surreal, and made a hologram, ''First Cylindric Chromo-Hologram Portrait of Alice Cooper's Brain''.
Personal life
Cooper, a huge fan of ''The Simpsons'', was asked to contribute a storyline for the September 2004 edition of Bongo Comics's ''Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror'', a special ''Monsters of Rock'' issue that also included stories plotted by Gene Simmons, Rob Zombie and Pat Boone. Cooper's story featured Homer Simpson being a Jason Voorhees, Friday the 13th style killer and Alice and the citizens of Springfield are being stalked by Homer.On June 20, 2005, ahead of his June–July 2005 tour, Cooper had a wide-ranging interview with interviewer of celebrities Andrew Denton for the Australian ABC Television's ''Enough Rope''. Cooper discussed various issues during a revealing and frank talk, including the horrors of acute alcoholism and his subsequent cure, being a Christian, and his social and work relationship with his family. During the interview, Cooper remarked "I look at Mick Jagger and he's on an 18-month tour and he's six [sic] years older than me, so I figure, when he retires, I have six more years. I will not let him beat me when it comes to longevity."
The actual ownership of the Alice Cooper name is often cited by intellectual property lawyers and law professors as an example of the value of a single copyright or trademark. Since "Alice Cooper" was originally the name of the band, and not the lead singer (e.g. Uriah Heep, Jethro Tull, Amy Meredith, etc.), and it was actually owned by the band as whole, Cooper paid, and continues to pay, a yearly royalty to his original bandmates for the right to use the name commercially. Although the exact amount is not known, insiders agree that it is large enough for the surviving band members to live comfortably.
Relationships and family
In the period when the Alice Cooper group was signed to Frank Zappa's Straight label, Miss Christine of the GTOs became Cooper's girlfriend. Miss Christine (real name: Christine Frka), who had actually recommended Zappa to the group, died on November 5, 1972 of an overdose.Another long-time girlfriend of Cooper's was Cindy Lang, with whom he lived for several years. They separated in 1975. Lang sued Cooper for palimony, and they eventually settled out of court in the early 1980s.
After his separation from Lang, Cooper was briefly linked with actress Raquel Welch. Cooper then reportedly left Welch, however, to marry, on March 20, 1976, ballerina instructor/choreographer Sheryl Goddard, who performed in the Alice Cooper show from 1975 to 1982. In November 1983, at the height of Cooper's alcoholism, Sheryl filed for divorce, but by mid-1984, she and Cooper had reconciled. The couple has remained together since. In a 2002 television interview, Cooper claimed that he had "never cheated" on his wife in all the time they had been together. In the same interview, he also claimed that the secret to a lasting and successful relationship is to continue going out on dates with your partner. The couple have three children: elder daughter Calico Cooper (born 1981), an actress and singer who has been performing in the Alice Cooper show since 2000; son Dash (b. 1985), a student at Arizona State University, and also plays in a band called Runaway Phoenix; and younger daughter Sonora Rose (b. 1993).
Drug recovery
In 1986, Megadeth was asked to open for Cooper for dates on his US tour. After noticing the hardcore abuse of alcohol and other drugs in the band, Cooper personally approached the band members to try to help them control their abuse, and he has stayed close to front man Dave Mustaine ever since; Mustaine in fact considers him his godfather. Since conquering his own addiction to alcohol in the mid 1980s, Cooper has continued to help and counsel other rock musicians battling addiction problems who turn to him for help. "I've made myself very available to friends of mine - they're people who would call me late at night and say, 'Between you and me, I've got a problem.'" In recognition of the work he has done in helping other addicts in the recovery process, Cooper received in 2008 the Stevie Ray Vaughan Award at the fourth annual MusiCares MAP Fund benefit concert in Los Angeles.
Religion and politics
Although he originally tended to shy away from speaking publicly about his religious beliefs, Cooper has in recent years been quite vocal about his faith as a born-again Christian. He has avoided so called "celebrity Christianity" because, as Cooper states himself: "It's really easy to focus on Alice Cooper and not on Christ. I'm a rock singer. I'm nothing more than that. I'm not a philosopher. I consider myself low on the totem pole of knowledgeable Christians. So, don't look for answers from me".When asked by the British ''Sunday Times'' newspaper in 2001 how a shock-rocker could be a Christian, Cooper responded "Drinking beer is easy. Trashing your hotel room is easy. But being a Christian, that's a tough call. That's real rebellion!"
Throughout his career, Cooper's philosophy regarding politics is that politics should not be mixed with rock music. He has usually kept his political views to himself, and in 2010 said "I am extremely non-political. I go out of my way to be non-political. I'm probably the biggest moderate you know. When John Lennon and Harry Nilsson used to argue politics, I was sitting right in the middle of them, and I was the guy who was going 'I don't care.' When my parents would start talking politics, I would go in my room and put on The Rolling Stones or The Who on as long as I could to avoid politics. And I still feel that way". On occasion he has spoken out against musicians who promote or opine on politics, for example in the run-up to the 2004 presidential election, he told the Canadian Press that the then crop of rock stars campaigning for and touring on behalf of Democratic candidate John Kerry were committing "treason against rock n' roll". He also added that upon seeing the list of musicians who supported Kerry, "if I wasn't already a Bush supporter, I would have immediately switched. Linda Ronstadt? Don Henley? Geez, that's a good reason right there to vote for Bush."
Love of golf
Cooper has on several occasions credited golf as having played a major role in helping him to overcome his addiction to alcohol, and has even gone as far to say that when he took up golf, it was a case of replacing one addiction with another. The importance that the game has had in his life is also reflected in the title to his 2007 autobiography, ''Alice Cooper, Golf Monster''. Cooper, who has participated in a number of Pro-Am competitions, plays the game six days a week, off a handicap of two. Since 1997, he has hosted an annual golf competition, the ''Alice Cooper Celebrity AM Golf Tournament'', all proceeds from which go to his charity, the Solid Rock Foundation. In 2005, while playing with manager Shep Gordon on The Champion Course in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, Cooper recorded an impressive round of two-over par 74 on the world-class course. Cooper has also appeared in commercials for Callaway Golf equipment, was a guest of veteran British player and broadcaster Peter Alliss on ''A Golfer's Travels''. He wrote the foreword to the Gary McCord book "Ryder Cup" and participated in the second All*Star Cup in South Wales. In an interview with VH1, friend and fellow golfer Pat Boone said that Cooper was "'this close' to being a pro".
Discography
:''See: Alice Cooper discography''
Awards and Nominations
Grammy Awards| !Year | !Nominated work | !Award | !Result |
| align=center | Alice Cooper: The Nightmare | ||
| align=center | Hands of Death (Burn Baby Burn) |
Filmography
:''See: Alice Cooper filmography''
List of Alice Cooper band personnel
;Current;Past
Bibliography
References
External links
Category:1948 births Category:Living people Category:People from Allen Park, Michigan * Category:American heavy metal singers Category:American actors Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of French descent Category:Actors from Michigan Category:American Christians Category:American musicians of English descent Category:American musicians of French descent Category:American musicians of Irish descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American heavy metal musicians Category:American DJs Category:American rock musicians Category:American rock singers Alice Cooper Category:Musicians from Arizona Category:Bands with fictional stage personas Category:Musicians from Detroit, Michigan Category:People from Phoenix, Arizona Category:People from Paradise Valley, Arizona Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
bg:Алис Купър ca:Alice Cooper cs:Alice Cooper da:Alice Cooper de:Alice Cooper et:Alice Cooper eml:Alice Cooper es:Alice Cooper fa:آلیس کوپر fr:Alice Cooper gl:Alice Cooper hr:Alice Cooper io:Alice Cooper it:Alice Cooper he:אליס קופר la:Alice Cooper lt:Alice Cooper hu:Alice Cooper mk:Елис Купер nl:Alice Cooper ja:アリス・クーパー ka:ელის კუპერი no:Alice Cooper oc:Alice Cooper uz:Alice Cooper pl:Alice Cooper pt:Alice Cooper ro:Alice Cooper ru:Элис Купер scn:Alice Cooper simple:Alice Cooper sk:Alice Cooper sl:Alice Cooper sr:Алис Купер sh:Alice Cooper fi:Alice Cooper sv:Alice Cooper th:อลิซ คูเปอร์ tr:Alice Cooper uk:Еліс КуперThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 59°34′″N150°48′″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Jesus |
| Birth date | 7-2 BC/BCE |
| Language | Aramaic, Koine Greek, (perhaps some Hebrew) |
| Birth place | Bethlehem, Judaea, Roman Empire (traditional);Nazareth, Galilee (modern critical scholarship) |
| Death place | Calvary, Judaea, Roman Empire (according to the New Testament, he rose on the third day after his death.) |
| Death date | 30–36 AD/CE |
| Death cause | Crucifixion |
| Resting place | Traditionally and temporarily, a garden tomb in Jerusalem |
| Ethnicity | Jewish |
| Nationality | Israelite |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Home town | Nazareth, Galilee, Roman Empire |
| Parents | Father: God (Christian view)virginal conception (Islamic view)Mother: Saint MaryAdoptive father: Saint Joseph }} |
Most critical historians agree that Jesus was a Jew who was regarded as a teacher and healer, that he was baptized by John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, on the charge of sedition against the Roman Empire. Critical Biblical scholars and historians have offered competing descriptions of Jesus as a self-described Messiah, as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most contemporary scholars of the historical Jesus consider him to have been an independent, charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating a future apocalypse. Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "Kingdom of God" meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a future apocalypse.
Christians traditionally believe that Jesus was born of a virgin, performed miracles, founded the Church, rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven, from which he will return. The majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, and "the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity". A few Christian groups, however, reject Trinitarianism, wholly or partly, believing it to be non-scriptural. Most Christian scholars today present Jesus as the awaited Messiah promised in the Old Testament and as God, arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.
Judaism rejects assertions that Jesus was the awaited Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh. In Islam, Jesus ( or , commonly transliterated as or , respectively) is considered one of God's important prophets, a bringer of scripture, and the product of a virgin birth; but did not experience a crucifixion. Islam and the Bahá'í Faith use the title "Messiah" for Jesus, but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
Etymology of name
“Jesus” () is a transliteration, occurring in a number of languages and based on the Latin ''Iesus'', of the Greek (''''), itself a Hellenisation of the Hebrew (''Yĕhōšuă‘'', Joshua) or Hebrew-Aramaic (''Yēšûă‘'').meaning "Yahweh delivers (or rescues)".
The etymology of the name Jesus is generally explained by Christians as "God's salvation" usually expressed as "Yahweh saves", "Yahweh is salvation" and at times as "Jehovah is salvation". The name Jesus appears to have been in use in Judaea at the time of the birth of Jesus. And Philo's reference (''Mutatione Nominum'' item 121) indicates that the etymology of Joshua was known outside Judaea at the time.
In the New Testament, in Luke 1:26-33 the angel Gabriel tells Mary to name her child Jesus, and in Matthew 1:21 an angel tells Joseph to name the child Jesus. The statement in Matthew 1:21 "you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins" associates salvific attributes to the name Jesus in Christian theology.
"Christ" () is derived from the Greek (''Khristós'') meaning "the anointed one", a translation of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (''''), usually transliterated into English as ''Messiah''. In the Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible (written well over a century before the time of Jesus), the word Christ was used to translate into Greek the Hebrew word . In Matthew 16:16, Apostle Peter's profession: "You are the Christ" identifies Jesus as the Messiah. In post-biblical usage Christ became a name, one part of the name "Jesus Christ", but originally it was a title (the Messiah) and not a name.
Chronology
Although a few scholars have questioned the existence of Jesus as an actual historical figure, most scholars involved with historical Jesus research believe his existence can be established using documentary and other evidence. As discussed in the sections immediately below, the estimation of the year of death of Jesus places his lifespan around the beginning of the first century AD/CE, in the geographic region of Roman Judaea. The New Testament also refers to the Sea of Galilee which is about 75 miles north of Jerusalem.Roman involvement in Judaea began around 63 BC/BCE and by 6 AD/CE Judaea had become a Roman province. From 26-37 AD/CE Pontius Pilate was the governor of Roman Judaea. In this time period, although Roman Judaea was strategically positioned between Asia and Africa, it was not viewed as a critically important province by the Romans. The Romans were highly tolerant of other religions and allowed the local populations such as the Jews to practice their own faiths.
Possible year of birth
Two independent approaches have been used to estimate the year of the birth of Jesus, one by analyzing the Nativity accounts in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew along with other historical data, the other by working backwards from the estimation of the start of the ministry of Jesus, as also discussed in the section below.In their Nativity accounts, both the Gospels of Luke and Matthew associate the birth of Jesus with the reign of Herod the Great, who is generally believed to have died around 4 BC/BCE. Matthew 2:1 states that: "Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king" and Luke 1:5 mentions the reign of Herod shortly before the birth of Jesus. Matthew also suggests that Jesus may have been as much as two years old at the time of the visit of the Magi and hence even older at the time of Herod's death. But the author of Luke also describes the birth as taking place during the first census of the Roman provinces of Syria and Iudaea, which is generally believed to have occurred in 6 AD/CE. Most scholars generally assume a date of birth between 6 and 4 BC/BCE. Other scholars assume that Jesus was born sometime between 7–2 BC/BCE.
The year of birth of Jesus has also been estimated in a manner that is independent of the Nativity accounts, by using information in the Gospel of John to work backwards from the statement in Luke 3:23 that Jesus was "about 30 years of age" at the start of his ministry. As discussed in the section below, by combining information from John 2:13 and John 2:20 with the writings of Josephus, it has been estimated that around 27-29 AD/CE, Jesus was "about thirty years of age". Some scholars thus estimate the year 28 AD/CE to be roughly the 32nd birthday of Jesus and the birth year of Jesus to be around 6-4 BC/BCE.
However, the common Gregorian calendar method for numbering years, in which the current year is , is based on the decision of a monk Dionysius in the six century, to count the years from a point of reference (namely, Jesus’ birth) which he placed sometime between 2 BC/BCE and 1 AD/CE. Although Christian feasts related to the Nativity have had specific dates (e.g. December 25 for Christmas) there is no historical evidence for the exact day or month of the birth of Jesus.
Possible dates of ministry
There have been different approaches to estimating the date of the start of the ministry of Jesus. One approach, based on combining information from the Gospel of Luke with historical data about Emperor Tiberius yields a date around 28-29 AD/CE, while a second independent approach based on statements in the Gospel of John along with historical information from Josephus about the Temple in Jerusalem leads to a date around 27-29 AD/CE.The estimation of the date based on the Gospel of Luke relies on the statement in Luke 3:1-2 that the ministry of John the Baptist which preceded that of Jesus began "in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar". Given that Tiberius began his reign in 14 AD/CE, this yields a date about 28-29 AD/CE.
The estimation of the date based on the Gospel of John uses the statements in John 2:13 that Jesus went to the Temple in Jerusalem around the start of his ministry and in John 2:20 that "Forty and six years was this temple in building" at that time. According to Josephus (Ant 15.380) the temple reconstruction was started by Herod the Great in the 15th-18th year of his reign at about the time that Augustus arrived in Syria (Ant 15.354). Temple expansion and reconstruction was ongoing, and it was in constant reconstruction until it was destroyed in 70 AD/CE by the Romans. Given that it took 46 years of construction, the Temple visit in the Gospel of John has been estimated at around 27-29 AD/CE.
Luke 3:23 states that at the start of his ministry Jesus was "about 30 years of age", but the other Gospels do not mention a specific age. However, in John 8:57 the Jews exclaimed to Jesus: "Thou art not yet fifty years old, and hast thou seen Abraham?" suggesting that he was much less than 50 years old during his ministry. The length of the ministry is subject to debate, based on the fact that the Synoptic Gospels mention only one passover during Jesus' ministry, often interpreted as implying that the ministry lasted approximately one year, whereas the Gospel of John records multiple passovers, implying that his ministry may have lasted at least three years.
Possible year and place of death
A number of approaches have been used to estimate the year of the death of Jesus, including information from the Canonical Gospels, the chronology of the life of Paul the Apostle in the New Testament correlated with historical events, as well as different astronomical models, as discussed below.
All four canonical Gospels report that Jesus was crucified in Calvary during the prefecture of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect who governed Judaea from 26 to 36 AD/CE. The late 1st century Jewish historian Josephus, writing in ''Antiquities of the Jews'' (''c.'' 93 AD/CE), and the early 2nd century Roman historian Tacitus, writing in ''The Annals'' (''c.'' 116 AD/CE), also state that Pilate ordered the execution of Jesus, though each writer gives him the title of "procurator" instead of prefect.
The estimation of the date of the conversion of Paul places the death of Jesus before this conversion, which is estimated at around 33-36 AD/CE. (Also see the estimation of the start of Jesus' ministry as a few years before this date above). The estimation of the year of Paul's conversion relies on a series of calculations working backwards from the well established date of his trial before Gallio in Achaea Greece (Acts 18:12-17) around 51-52 AD/CE, the meeting of Priscilla and Aquila which were expelled from Rome about 49 AD/CE and the 14-year period before returning to Jerusalem in Galatians 2:1. The remaining period is generally accounted for by Paul's missions (at times with Barnabas) such as those in Acts 11:25-26 and 2 Corinthians 11:23-33, resulting in the 33-36 AD/CE estimate.
For centuries, astronomers and scientists have used diverse computational methods to estimate the date of crucifixion, Isaac Newton being one of the first cases. Newton's method relied on the relative visibility of the crescent of the new moon and he suggested the date as Friday, April 23, 34 AD/CE. In 1990 astronomer Bradley E. Schaefer computed the date as Friday, April 3, 33 AD/CE. In 1991, John Pratt stated that Newton's method was sound, but included a minor error at the end. Pratt suggested the year 33 AD/CE as the answer. Using the completely different approach of a lunar eclipse model, Humphreys and Waddington arrived at the conclusion that Friday, April 3, 33 AD/CE was the date of the crucifixion.
Life and teachings in the New Testament
Although the four canonical gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, are the main sources for the biography of Jesus’ life, other parts of the New Testament, such as the Pauline Epistles which were likely written decades before them, also include references to key episodes in his life such as the Last Supper, as in 1 Corinthians 11:23-26. The Acts of the Apostles (10:37-38 and 19:4) refers to the early ministry of Jesus and its anticipation by John the Baptist. And Acts 1:1-11 says more about the Ascension episode (also mentioned in 1 Timothy 3:16) than the canonical gospels.
The four gospel accounts
Three of the four canonical gospels, namely Matthew, Mark, and Luke, are known as the ''Synoptic Gospels'', from the Greek σύν (syn "together") and ὄψις (opsis "view"). These three gospels display a high degree of similarity in content, narrative arrangement, language and paragraph structures. The presentation in the fourth canonical Gospel, i.e. the John, differs from these three in that it has more of a thematic nature rather than a narrative format. And scholars generally agree that it is impossible to find any direct literary relationship between the synoptic gospels and the Gospel of John.However, in general, the authors of the New Testament showed little interest in an absolute chronology of Jesus or in synchronizing the episodes of his life with the secular history of the age. The gospels were primarily written as theological documents in the context of early Christianity with the chronological timelines as a secondary consideration. One manifestation of the gospels being theological documents rather than historical chronicles is that they devote about one third of their text to just seven days, namely the last week of the life of Jesus in Jerusalem.
Although the gospels do not provide enough details to satisfy the demands of modern historians regarding exact dates, it is possible to draw from them a general picture of the life story of Jesus. However, as stated in John 21:25 the gospels do not claim to provide an exhaustive list of the events in the life of Jesus.
Gospel sources, similarities and differences
Scholars have debated the sources for the gospels for millenia, and have proposed various hypotheses of how the synoptic gospels were written and how they influenced each other, going back to the Augustinian hypothesis in the 5th century. In the 20th and 21st centuries hypotheses such as the two-source, four-source, Farrer or the Markan priority hypothesis have been debated. Each hypothesis assumes a specific order in which the gospels were written, or that other as yet unknown and hypothetical documents such as the Q source or the M source influenced various gospels in various ways. Each hypotheses has had support among some scholars, while problems with and weaknesses in it have been pointed out by opponents.Since the 2nd century attempts have been made to ''harmonize'' the gospel accounts into a single narrative; Tatian's Diatesseron perhaps being the first harmony and other works such as Augustine' book ''Harmony of the Gospels'' followed. A number of different approaches to gospel harmony have been proposed in the 20th century, but no single and unique harmony can be constructed. While some scholars argue that combining the four gospel stories into one story is tantamount to creating a fifth story different from each original, others see the gospels as blending together to give an overall and comprehensive picture of Jesus' teaching and ministry. Although there are differences in specific temporal sequences, and in the parables and miracles listed in each gospel, the flow of the key events such as Baptism, Transfiguration and Crucifixion and interactions with people such as the Apostles are shared among the gospel narratives.
Key elements and the five major milestones
The five major milestones in the gospel narrative of the life of Jesus are his Baptism, Transfiguration, Crucifixion, Resurrection and Ascension. These are usually bracketed by two other episodes: his Nativity at the beginning and the sending of the Paraclete at the end. The gospel accounts of the teachings of Jesus are often presented in terms of specific categories involving his "works and words", e.g. his ministry, parables and miracles.The gospels include a number discourses by Jesus on specific occasions, e.g. the Sermon on the Mount or the Farewell Discourse, and also include over 30 parables, spread throughout the narrative, often with themes that relate to the sermons. Parables represent a major component of the teachings of Jesus in the gospels, forming approximately one third of his recorded teachings, and John 14:10 positions them as the revelations of God the Father. The gospel episodes that include descriptions of the miracle of Jesus also often include teachings, providing an intertwining of his "words and works" in the gospels.
Genealogy and Nativity
The accounts of the genealogy and Nativity of Jesus in the New Testament appear only in the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of Matthew. While there are documents outside of the New Testament which are more or less contemporary with Jesus and the gospels, many shed no light on the more biographical aspects of his life and these two gospel accounts remain the main sources of information on the genealogy and Nativity.
Genealogy
Matthew begins his gospel in 1:1 with the genealogy of Jesus, and presents it before the account of the birth of Jesus, while Luke discusses the genealogy in chapter 3, after the Baptism of Jesus in Luke 3:22 when the voice from Heaven addresses Jesus and identifies him as the Son of God. At that point Luke traces Jesus' ancestry through Adam to God.While Luke traces the genealogy upwards towards Adam and God, Matthew traces it downwards towards Jesus. Both gospels state that Jesus was begotten not by Joseph, but by God. Both accounts trace Joseph back to King David and from there to Abraham. These lists are identical between Abraham and David (except for one), but they differ almost completely between David and Joseph. Matthew gives Jacob as Joseph’s father and Luke says Joseph was the son of Heli. Attempts at explaining the differences between the genealogies have varied in nature, e.g. that Luke traces the genealogy through Mary while Matthew traces it through Joseph; or that Jacob and Heli were both fathers of Joseph, one being the legal father, after the death of Joseph's actual father — but there is no scholarly agreement on a resolution for the differences.
Nativity
The Nativity is a prominent element in the Gospel of Luke, comprises over 10% of Luke's text, and is three times the length of the Nativity text in Matthew. Luke's Nativity account takes place mostly before the birth of Jesus and centers on Mary, while Matthew's story takes place mostly after the birth of Jesus and centers on Joseph. According to Luke and Matthew, Jesus was born to Joseph and Mary, his betrothed, in Bethlehem. Both support the doctrine of the Virgin Birth in which Jesus was miraculously conceived in his mother's womb by the Holy Spirit, when his mother was still a virgin.Luke is the only Gospel to provide an account of the birth of John the Baptist, and he uses it to draw parallels between the births of John and Jesus. Luke relates the two births in the visitation of Mary to Elizabeth. He further connects the two births by noting that Mary and Elizabeth are cousins. In Luke 1:31-38 Mary learns from the angel Gabriel that she will conceive and bear a child called Jesus through the action of the Holy Spirit. When Mary is due to give birth, she and Joseph travel from Nazareth to Joseph's ancestral home in Bethlehem to register in the census of Quirinius. In Luke 2:1-7. Mary gives birth to Jesus and, having found no place in the inn, places the newborn in a manger. An angel visits the shepherds and sends them to adore the child in Luke 2:22. After presenting Jesus at the Temple, Joseph and Mary return home to Nazareth.
The Nativity appears in chapters 1 and 2 of the Gospel of Matthew, where, following the bethrothal of Joseph and Mary, Joseph is troubled in Matthew 1:19-20 because Mary is pregnant, but in the first of Joseph's three dreams an angel assures him not be afraid to take Mary as his wife, because her child was conceived by the Holy Spirit. In Matthew 1:1-12, the Wise Men or Magi bring gifts to the young Jesus after following a star which they believe was a sign that the King of the Jews had been born. King Herod hears of Jesus' birth from the Wise Men and tries to kill him by massacring all the male children in Bethlehem under the age of two (the Massacre of the Innocents). Before the massacre, Joseph is warned by an angel in his dream and the family flees to Egypt and remains there until Herod's death, after which they leave Egypt and settle in Nazareth to avoid living under the authority of Herod's son and successor Archelaus.
Early life and profession
In the Gospels of Luke and Matthew, Jesus’ childhood home is identified as the town of Nazareth in Galilee. Joseph, husband of Mary, appears in descriptions of Jesus’ childhood and no mention is made of him thereafter. The New Testament books of Matthew, Mark, and Galatians mention Jesus’ brothers and sisters, but the Greek word ''adelphos'' in these verses, has also be translated as brother or kinsman.Luke 2:41–52 includes an incident in the childhood of Jesus, where he was found teaching in the temple by his parents after being lost. The Finding in the Temple is the sole event between Jesus’ infancy and baptism mentioned in any of the canonical Gospels.
In Mark 6:3 Jesus is called a ''tekton'' (τέκτων in Greek), usually understood to mean carpenter. Matthew 13:55 says he was the son of a ''tekton''. ''Tekton'' has been traditionally translated into English as "carpenter", but it is a rather general word (from the same root that leads to "technical" and "technology") that could cover makers of objects in various materials, even builders.
Beyond the New Testament accounts, the specific association of the profession of Jesus with woodworking is a constant in the traditions of the 1st and 2nd centuries and Justin Martyr (d. ca. 165) wrote that Jesus made yokes and ploughs.
Baptism and temptation
In the gospels, the accounts of the Baptism of Jesus are always preceded by information about John the Baptist and his ministry. In these accounts, John was preaching for penance and repentance for the remission of sins and encouraged the giving of alms to the poor (as in Luke 3:11) as he baptized people in the area of the River Jordan around Perea about the time of the commencement of the ministry of Jesus. The Gospel of John (1:28) specifies "Bethany beyond the Jordan", i.e. Bethabara in Perea, when it initially refers to it and later John 3:23 refers to further baptisms in Ænon "because there was much water there".The four gospels are not the only references to John's ministry around the River Jordan. In Acts 10:37-38, Apostle Peter refers to how the ministry of Jesus followed "the baptism which John preached". In the Antiquities of the Jews (18.5.2) first century historian Flavius Josephus also wrote about John the Baptist and his eventual death in Perea.
In the gospels, John had been foretelling (as in Luke 3:16) of the arrival of a someone "mightier than I". Apostle Paul also refers to this anticipation by John in Acts 19:4. In Matthew 3:14, upon meeting Jesus, the Baptist states: "I need to be baptized by you." However, Jesus persuades John to baptize him nonetheless. In the baptismal scene, after Jesus emerges from the water, the sky opens and a voice from Heaven states: "This is my beloved Son with whom I am well pleased". The Holy Spirit then descends upon Jesus as a dove in Matthew 3:13-17, Mark 1:9-11, Luke 3:21-23. In John 1:29-33 rather than a direct narrative, the Baptist bears witness to the episode. This is one of two cases in the gospels where a voice from Heaven calls Jesus "Son", the other being in the Transfiguration of Jesus episode.
After the baptism, the Synoptic gospels proceed to describe the Temptation of Jesus, but John 1:35-37 narrates the first encounter between Jesus and two of his future disciples, who were then disciples of John the Baptist. In this narrative, the next day the Baptist sees Jesus again and calls him the Lamb of God and the "two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus". One of the disciples is named Andrew, but the other remains unnamed, and Raymond E. Brown raises the question of his being the author of the Gospel of John himself. In the Gospel of John, the disciples follow Jesus thereafter, and bring other disciples to him, and Acts 18:24-19:6 portrays the disciples of John as eventually merging with the followers of Jesus.
The Temptation of Jesus is narrated in the three Synoptic gospels after his baptism. In these accounts, as in Matthew 4:1-11 and Luke 4:1-13, Jesus goes to the desert for forty days to fast. While there, Satan appears to him and tempts him in various ways, e.g. asking Jesus to show signs that he is the Son of God by turning stone to bread, or offering Jesus worldly rewards in exchange for worship. Jesus rejects every temptation and when Satan leaves, angels appear and minister to Jesus.
Ministry
Luke 3:23 states that Jesus was "about 30 years of age" at the start of his ministry. The date of the start of his ministry has been estimated at around 27-29 AD/CE, based on independent approaches which combine separate gospel accounts with other historical data. The end of his ministry is estimated to be in the range 30-36 AD/CE.The three Synoptic gospels refer to just one passover during his ministry, while the Gospel of John refers to three passovers, suggesting a period of about three years. However, the Synoptic gospels do not require a ministry that lasted only one year, and scholars such as Köstenberger state that the Gospel of John simply provides a more detailed account.
The gospel accounts place the beginning of Jesus' ministry in the countryside of Judaea, near the River Jordan. Jesus' ministry begins with his Baptism by John the Baptist (Matthew 3, Luke 3), and ends with the Last Supper with his disciples (Matthew 26, Luke 22) in Jerusalem. The gospels present John the Baptist's ministry as the pre-cursor to that of Jesus and the Baptism as marking the beginning of Jesus' ministry, after which Jesus travels, preaches and performs miracles.
The ''Early Galilean ministry'' begins when Jesus goes back to Galilee from the Judaean desert after rebuffing the temptation of Satan. In this early period Jesus preaches around Galilee and in Matthew 4:18-20 his first disciples encounter him, begin to travel with him and eventually form the core of the early Church. This period includes the Sermon on the Mount, one of the major discourses of Jesus.
The ''Major Galilean ministry'' which begins in Matthew 8 refers to activities up to the death of John the Baptist. It includes the Calming the storm and a number of other miracles and parables, as well as the Mission Discourse in which Jesus instructs the twelve apostles who are named in Matthew 10:2-3 to carry no belongings as they travel from city to city and preach.
The ''Final Galilean ministry'' includes the Feeding the 5000 and Walking on water episodes, both in Matthew 14. The end of this period (as Matthew 16 and Mark 8 end) marks a turning point is the ministry of Jesus with the dual episodes of Confession of Peter and the Transfiguration - which begins his ''Later Judaean ministry'' as he starts his final journey to Jerusalem through Judaea.
As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the ''Later Perean ministry'', about one third the way down from the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan, he returns to the area where he was baptized, and in John 10:40-42 "many people believed in him beyond the Jordan", saying "all things whatsoever John spake of this man were true". This period of ministry includes the Discourse on the Church in which Jesus anticipates a future community of followers, and explains the role of his apostles in leading it. At the end of this period, the Gospel of John includes the Raising of Lazarus episode.
The ''Final ministry in Jerusalem'' is sometimes called the ''Passion Week'' and begins with the Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. In that week Jesus drives the money changers from the Temple, and Judas bargains to betray him. This period includes the Olivet Discourse and the Second Coming Prophecy and culminates in the Last Supper, at the end of which Jesus prepares his disciples for his departure in the Farewell discourse. The accounts of the ministry of Jesus generally end with the Last Supper. However, some authors also consider the period between the Resurrection and the Ascension part of the ministry of Jesus.
Teachings and preachings
In the New Testament the teachings of Jesus are presented in terms of his "words and works". The words of Jesus include a number of sermons, as well as parables that appear throughout the narrative of the Synoptic Gospels (the gospel of John includes no parables). The works include the miracles and other acts performed during his ministry. Although the Canonical Gospels are the major source of the teachings of Jesus, the Pauline Epistles, which were likely written decades before the gospels, provide some of the earliest written accounts of the teachings of Jesus.
The New Testament does not present the teachings of Jesus as merely his own preachings, but equates the words of Jesus with divine revelation, with John the Baptist stating in John 3:34: "he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God" and Jesus stating in John 7:16: "My teaching is not mine, but his that sent me" and again re-asserting that in John 14:10: "the words that I say unto you I speak not from myself: but the Father abiding in me doeth his works." In Matthew 11:27 Jesus claims divine knowledge, stating: "No one knows the Son except the Father and no one knows the Father except the Son", asserting the mutual knowledge he has with the Father.
The gospels include a number discourses by Jesus on specific occasions, such as the Farewell discourse delivered after the Last Supper, the night before his crucifixion. Although some of the teachings of Jesus are reported as taking place within the formal atmosphere of a synagogue (e.g. in Matthew 4:23) many of the discourses are more like conversations than formal lectures.
The Gospel of Matthew has a structured set of sermons, often grouped as the Five Discourses of Matthew which present many of the key teachings of Jesus. Each of the five discourses has some parallel passages in the Gospel of Mark or the Gospel of Luke. The five discourses in Matthew begin with the Sermon on the Mount, which encapsulates many of the moral teaching of Jesus and which is one of the best known and most quoted elements of the New Testament. The Sermon on the Mount includes the ''Beatitudes'' which describe the character of the people of the Kingdom of God, expressed as "blessings". The Beatitudes focus on love and humility rather than force and exaction and echo the key ideals of Jesus' teachings on spirituality and compassion. The other discourses in Matthew include the ''Missionary Discourse'' in Matthew 10 and the ''Discourse on the Church'' in Matthew 18, providing instructions to the disciples and laying the foundation of the codes of conduct for the anticipated community of followers.
Parables represent a major component of the teachings of Jesus in the gospels, the approximately thirty parables forming about one third of his recorded teachings. The parables may appear within longer sermons, as well as other places within the narrative. Jesus' parables are seemingly simple and memorable stories, often with imagery, and each conveys a teaching which usually relates the physical world to the spiritual world.
The gospel episodes that include descriptions of the miracle of Jesus also often include teachings, providing an intertwining of his "words and works" in the gospels. Many of the miracles in the gospels teach the importance of faith, for instance in Cleansing ten lepers and Daughter of Jairus the beneficiaries are told that they were healed due to their faith.
Proclamation as Christ and Transfiguration
At about the middle of each of the three Synoptic Gospels, two related episodes mark a turning point in the narrative: the Confession of Peter and the Transfiguration of Jesus. These episodes begin in Caesarea Philippi just north of the Sea of Galilee at the beginning of the final journey to Jerusalem which ends in the Passion and Resurrection of Jesus. These episodes mark the beginnings of the gradual disclosure of the identity of Jesus to his disciples; and his prediction of his own suffering and death.Peter's Confession begins as a dialogue between Jesus and his disciples in Matthew 16:13, Mark 8:27 and Luke 9:18. Jesus asks his disciples: ''But who do you say that I am?'' Simon Peter answers him: ''You are the Christ, the Son of the living God''. In Matthew 16:17 Jesus blesses Peter for his answer, and states: "flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father who is in heaven." In blessing Peter, Jesus not only accepts the titles ''Christ'' and ''Son of God'' which Peter attributes to him, but declares the proclamation a divine revelation by stating that his Father in Heaven had revealed it to Peter. In this assertion, by endorsing both titles as divine revelation, Jesus unequivocally declares himself to be both Christ and the Son of God.
The account of the Transfiguration of Jesus appears in Matthew 17:1-9, Mark 9:2-8, Luke 9:28-36. Jesus takes Peter and two other apostles with him and goes up to a mountain, which is not named. Once on the mountain, Matthew (17:2) states that Jesus "was transfigured before them; his face shining as the sun, and his garments became white as the light." At that point the prophets Elijah and Moses appear and Jesus begins to talk to them. Luke is specific in describing Jesus in a state of glory, with Luke 9:32 referring to "they saw his glory". A bright cloud appears around them, and a voice from the cloud states: "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him".
The Transfiguration not only supports the identity of Jesus as the Son of God (as in his Baptism), but the statement "listen to him", identifies him as the messenger and mouth-piece of God. The significance is enhanced by the presence of Elijah and Moses, for it indicates to the apostles that Jesus is the voice of God, and instead of Elijah or Moses, he should be listened to, by virtue of his filial relationship with God. 2 Peter 1:16-18, echoes the same message: at the Transfiguration God assigns to Jesus a special "honor and glory" and it is the turning point at which God exalts Jesus above all other powers in creation.
At the end of both episodes, as in some other pericopes in the New Testament such as miracles, Jesus tells his disciples not to repeat to others, what they had seen - the command at times interpreted in the context of the theory of the Messianic Secret. At the end of the Transfiguration episode, Jesus commands the disciples to silence about it "until the Son of man be risen from the dead", relating the Transfiguration to the Resurrection episode.
Betrayal, arrest, trial, and death
In Jerusalem
In the four Canonical Gospels, Jesus' Triumphal entry into Jerusalem takes place a few days before the last Last Supper, marking the beginning of the Passion narrative. While at Bethany Jesus sent two disciples to retrieve a donkey that had been tied up but never ridden and rode it into Jerusalem, with Mark and John stating Sunday, Matthew Monday, and Luke not specifying the day. As Jesus rode into Jerusalem the people there lay down their cloaks in front of him, and also lay down small branches of trees and sang part of Psalms 118: 25-26.
In the three Synoptic Gospels, entry into Jerusalem is followed by the Cleansing of the Temple episode, in which Jesus expels the money changers from the Temple, accusing them of turning the Temple to a den of thieves through their commercial activities. This is the only account of Jesus using physical force in any of the Gospels. John 2:13-16 includes a similar narrative much earlier, and scholars debate if these refer to the same episode. The synoptics include a number of well known parables and sermons such as the Widow's mite and the Second Coming Prophecy during the week that follows.
In that week, the synoptics also narrate conflicts between Jesus and the elders of the Jews, in episodes such as the Authority of Jesus Questioned and the Woes of the Pharisees in which Jesus criticizes their hypocrisy. Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles approaches the Jewish elders and performs the "Bargain of Judas" in which he accepts to betray Jesus and hand him over to the elders. Matthew specifies the price as thirty silver coins.
Last Supper
In the New Testament, the Last Supper is the final meal that Jesus shares with his twelve apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Last Supper is mentioned in all four Canonical Gospels, and Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians (11:23-26), which was likely written before the Gospels, also refers to it.In all four gospels, during the meal, Jesus predicts that one of his Apostles will betray him. Jesus is described as reiterating, despite each Apostle's assertion that he would not betray Jesus, that the betrayer would be one of those who were present. In Matthew 26:23-25 and John 13:26-27 Judas is specifically singled out as the traitor.
In Matthew 26:26-29, Mark 14:22-25, Luke 22:19-20 Jesus takes bread, breaks it and gives it to the disciples, saying: "This is my body which is given for you". In 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 Apostle Paul provides the theological underpinnings for the use of the Eucharist, stating: "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me." Although the Gospel of John does not include a description of the bread and wine ritual during the Last Supper, most scholars agree that John 6:58-59 (the Bread of Life Discourse) has a Eucharistic nature and resonates with the "words of institution" used in the Synoptic Gospels and the Pauline writings on the Last Supper.
In all four Gospels Jesus predicts that Peter will deny knowledge of him, stating that Peter will disown him three times before the rooster crows the next morning. The synoptics mention that after the arrest of Jesus Peter denied knowing him three times, but after the third denial, heard the rooster crow and recalled the prediction as Jesus turned to look at him. Peter then began to cry bitterly.
The Gospel of John provides the only account of Jesus washing his disciples' feet before the meal. John's Gospel also includes a long sermon by Jesus, preparing his disciples (now without Judas) for his departure. Chapters 14-17 of the Gospel of John are known as the ''Farewell discourse'' given by Jesus, and are a rich source of Christological content.
Agony in the Garden, betrayal and arrest
In Matthew 26:36-46, Mark 14:32-42, Luke 22:39-46 and John 18:1, immediately after the Last Supper, Jesus takes a walk to pray, Matthew and Mark identifying this place of prayer as Garden of Gethsemane.
Jesus is accompanied by Peter, John and James the Greater, whom he asks to "remain here and keep watch with me." He moves "a stone's throw away" from them, where he feels overwhelming sadness and says "My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass me by. Nevertheless, let it be as you, not I, would have it." Only the Gospel of Luke mentions the details of the sweat of blood of Jesus and the visitation of the angel who comforts Jesus as he accepts the will of the Father. Returning to the disciples after prayer, he finds them asleep and in Matthew 26:40 he asks Peter: "So, could you men not keep watch with me for an hour?"
While in the Garden, Judas appears, accompanied by a crowd that includes the Jewish priests and elders and people with weapons. Judas gives Jesus a kiss to identify him to the crowd who then arrests Jesus. One of Jesus' disciples tries to stop them and uses a sword to cut off the ear of one of the men in the crowd. Luke states that Jesus miraculously healed the wound and John and Matthew state that Jesus criticized the violent act, insisting that his disciples should not resist his arrest. In Matthew 26:52 Jesus makes the well known statement: ''all who live by the sword, shall die by the sword''.
Prior to the arrest, in Matthew 26:31 Jesus tells the disciples: "All ye shall be offended in me this night" and in 32 that: "But after I am raised up, I will go before you into Galilee." After his arrest, Jesus' disciples go into hiding. In Matthew 27:3-5 Judas, distraught by his betrayal of Jesus, attempts to return the thirty pieces of silver he had received for betraying Jesus, then hangs himself.
Trials by the Sanhedrin, Herod and Pilate
In the narrative of the four Canonical Gospels after the betrayal and arrest of Jesus, he is taken to the Sanhedrin, a Jewish judicial body. Jesus is tried by the Sanhedrin, mocked and beaten and is condemned for making claims of being the Son of God. He is then taken to Pontius Pilate and the Jewish elders ask Pilate to judge and condemn Jesus — accusing him of claiming to be the King of the Jews. After questioning, with few replies provided by Jesus, Pilate publicly declares that he finds Jesus innocent, but the crowd insists on punishment. Pilate then orders Jesus' crucifixion. Although the Gospel accounts vary with respect to various details, they agree on the general character and overall structure of the trials of Jesus.In, Matthew 26:57, Mark 14:53 and Luke 22:54 Jesus was taken to the high priest's house where he was mocked and beaten that night. The next day, early in the morning, the chief priests and scribes gathered together and lead Jesus away into their council. In John 18:12-14, however, Jesus is first taken to Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas, and then to Caiaphas. In all four Gospel accounts the trial of Jesus is interleaved with the ''Denial of Peter'' narrative, where Apostle Peter who has followed Jesus denies knowing him three times, at which point the rooster crows as predicted by Jesus during the Last Supper.
In the Gospel accounts Jesus speaks very little, mounts no defense and gives very infrequent and indirect answers to the questions of the priests, prompting an officer to slap him. In Matthew 26:62 the lack of response from Jesus prompts the high priest to ask him: "Answerest thou nothing?" Mark 14:55-59 states that the chief priests had arranged false witness against Jesus, but the witnesses did not agree together. In Mark 14:61 the high priest then asked Jesus: "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed? And Jesus said, I am" at which point the high priest tore his own robe in anger and accused Jesus of blasphemy. In 22:70 when asked: "Are you then the Son of God?" Jesus answers: "You say that I am" affirming the title Son of God. At that point the priests say: "What further need have we of witness? for we ourselves have heard from his own mouth" and decide to condemn Jesus.
Taking Jesus to Pilate's Court, the Jewish elders ask Pontius Pilate to judge and condemn Jesus — accusing him of claiming to be the King of the Jews. In Luke 23:7-15 (the only Gospel account of this episode), Pilate realizes that Jesus is a Galilean, and is thus under the jurisdiction of Herod Antipas. Pilate sends Jesus to Herod to be tried. However, Jesus says almost nothing in response to Herod's questions, or the continuing accusations of the chief priests and the scribes. Herod and his soldiers mock Jesus, put a gorgeous robe on him, as the King of the Jews, and sent him back to Pilate. Pilate then calls together the Jewish elders, and says that he has "found no fault in this man."
The use of the term king is central in the discussion between Jesus and Pilate. In John 18:36 Jesus states: "My kingdom is not of this world", but does not directly deny being the King of the Jews. And when in John 19:12 Pilate seeks to release Jesus, the priests object and say: "Every one that makes himself a king speaks against Caesar... We have no king but Caesar." Pilate then writes "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" as a sign (abbreviated as INRI in depictions) to be affixed to the cross of Jesus.
In Matthew 27:19 Pilate's wife, tormented by a dream, urges Pilate not to have anything to do with Jesus, and Pilate publicly washes his hands of responsibility, yet orders the crucifixion in response to the demands of the crowd. The trial by Pilate is followed by the flagellation episode, the soldiers mock Jesus as the King of Jews by putting a purple robe (that signifies royal status) on him, place a Crown of Thorns on his head, and beat and mistreat him in Matthew 27:29-30, Mark 15:17-19 and John 19:2-3. Jesus is then sent to Calvary for crucifixion.
Crucifixion and burial
Jesus' crucifixion is described in all four Canonical gospels, and is attested to by other sources of that age (e.g. Josephus and Tacitus), and is regarded as an historical event.After the trials, Jesus made his way to Calvary (the path is traditionally called via Dolorosa) and the three Synoptic Gospels indicate that he was assisted by Simon of Cyrene, the Romans compelling him to do so. In Luke 23:27-28 Jesus tells the women in multitude of people following him not to cry for him but for themselves and their children. Once at Calvary (Golgotha), Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall to drink — usually offered as a form of painkiller. Matthew's and Mark's Gospels state that he refused this.
The soldiers then crucified Jesus and cast lots for his clothes. Above Jesus' head on the cross was the inscription King of the Jews, and the soldiers and those passing by mocked him about the title. Jesus was crucified between two convicted thieves, one of whom rebuked Jesus, while the other defended him. Each gospel has its own account of Jesus' last words, comprising the seven last sayings on the cross. In John 19:26-27 Jesus entrusts his mother to the disciple he loved and in Luke 23:34 he states: "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do", usually interpreted as his forgiveness of the Roman soldiers and the others involved.
In the three Synoptic Gospels, various supernatural events accompany the crucifixion, including darkness of the sky, an earthquake, and (in Matthew) the resurrection of saints. The tearing of the temple veil, upon the death of Jesus, is referenced in the synoptic. The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already. One of the soldiers pierced the side of Jesus with a lance and water flowed out. In Mark 13:59, impressed by the events the Roman centurion calls Jesus the Son of God.
Following Jesus' death, Joseph of Arimathea asked the permission of Pilate to remove the body. The body was removed from the cross, was wrapped in a clean cloth and buried in a new rock-hewn tomb, with the assistance of Nicodemus. In Matthew 27:62-66 the Jews go to Pilate the day after the crucifixion and ask for guards for the tomb and also seal the tomb with a stone as well as the guard, to be sure the body remains there.
Resurrection and ascension
thumb|upright|left|[[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection by Noel Coypel, 1700, using a hovering depiction of Jesus.]]The New Testament accounts of the resurrection and ascension of Jesus, state that the first day of the week after the crucifixion (typically interpreted as a Sunday), his followers encounter him risen from the dead, after his tomb is discovered to be empty. The resurrected Jesus appears to them that day and a number of times thereafter, delivers sermons and commissions them, before ascending to Heaven. Two of the Canonical gospels (Luke and Mark) include a brief mention of the Ascension, but the main references to it are elsewhere in the New Testament.In the four Canonical Gospels, when the tomb of Jesus is discovered empty, in Matthew 28:5, Mark 16:5, Luke 24:4 and John 20:12 his resurrection is announced and explained to the followers who arrive there early in the morning by either one or two beings (either men or angels) dressed in bright robes who appear in or near the tomb. The gospel accounts vary as to who arrived at the tomb first, but they are women and are instructed by the risen Jesus to inform the other disciples. All four accounts include Mary Magdalene and three include Mary the mother of Jesus. The accounts of Mark 16:9, John 20:15 indicate that Jesus appeared to the Magdalene first, and Luke 16:9 states that she was among the Myrrhbearers who informed the disciples about the resurrection. In Matthew 28:11-15, to explain the empty tomb, the Jewish elders bribe the soldiers who had guarded the tomb to spread the rumor that Jesus' disciples took his body.
After the discovery of the empty tomb, the Gospels indicate that Jesus made a series of appearances to the disciples. These include the well known Doubting Thomas episode, where Thomas did not believe the resurrection until he was invited to put his finger into the holes made by the wounds in Jesus' hands and side; and the Road to Emmaus appearance where Jesus meets two disciples. The catch of 153 fish appearance includes a miracle at the Sea of Galilee, and thereafter Jesus encourages Apostle Peter to serve his followers.
The final post-resurrection appearance in the Gospel accounts is when Jesus ascends to Heaven where he remains with God the Father and the Holy Spirit. The Canonical Gospels include only brief mentions of the Ascension of Jesus, Luke 24:51 states that Jesus "was carried up into heaven". The ascension account is further elaborated in Acts 1:1-11 and mentioned 1 Timothy 3:16. In Acts 1:1-9, forty days after the resurrection, as the disciples look on, "he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight." 1 Peter 3:22 describes Jesus as being on "the right hand of God, having gone into heaven".
The Acts of the Apostles also contain "post-ascension" appearances by Jesus. These include the vision by Stephen just before his death in Acts 7:55, and the road to Damascus episode in which Apostle Paul is converted to Christianity. The instruction given to Ananias in Damascus in Acts 9:10-18 to heal Paul is the last reported conversation with Jesus in the Bible until the Book of Revelation was written.
Title attributions
The New Testament attributes a wide range of titles to Jesus by the authors of the Gospels, by Jesus himself, a voice from Heaven (often assumed to be God) during the Baptism and Transfiguration, as well as various groups of people such as the disciples, and even demons throughout the narrative. The emphasis on the titles used in each of the four canonical Gospels gives a different emphasis to the portrayal of Jesus in that Gospel.
Two of the key titles used for Jesus in the New Testament are Christ and Son of God. The opening words in Mark 1:1 attribute both Christ and Son of God as titles, reaffirming the second title again in Mark 1:11. The Gospel of Matthew also begins in 1:1 with the Christ title and reaffirms it in Matthew 1:16. Beyond the declarations by the Gospel writers, titles are attributed in the narrative. The statement by Apostle Peter in Matthew 16:16 ("you are the Christ, the Son of the living God") is a key turning point in the Gospel narrative, where Jesus is proclaimed as both Christ and Son of God by his followers and he accepts both titles. The immediate declaration by Jesus that the titles were revealed to Peter by "my Father who is in Heaven" not only endorses both titles as divine revelation but includes a separate assertion of sonship by Jesus within the same statement.
In the Gospel of John, Jesus refers to himself as the Son of God far more frequently than in the Synoptic Gospels. In a number of other episodes Jesus claims sonship by referring to the Father, e.g. in Luke 2:49 when he is found in the temple a young Jesus calls the temple "my Father's house", just as he does later in John 2:16 in the Cleansing of the Temple episode. However, scholars still debate if Jesus specifically accepted divinity in these statements. In John 11:27 Martha tells Jesus "you are the Christ, the Son of God", signifying that both titles were later used (yet considered distinct) in the narrative. While the Gospel of John frequently uses the Son of God title, the Gospel of Luke emphasizes Jesus as a prophet.
One of the most frequent titles for Jesus in the New Testament is the Greek word ''Kyrios'' (κύριος) which may mean God, Lord or master and is used to refers to him over 700 times. In everyday Aramaic, ''Mari'' was a very respectful form of polite address, well above "Teacher" and similar to Rabbi. In Greek this has at times been translated as Kyrios. The Rabbi title is used in several New Testament episodes to refer to Jesus, but more often in the Gospel of John than elsewhere and does not appear in the Gospel of Luke at all. Although Jesus accepts this title in the narrative, in Matthew 23:1-8 he rejected the title of Rabbi for his disciples, saying: "But be not ye called Rabbi".
Many New Testament scholars state that Jesus claimed to be God through his frequent use of "I am" (''Ego eimi'' in Greek and ''Qui est'' in Latin). This term is used by Jesus in the Gospel of John on several occasions to refer to himself, seven times with specific titles. It is used in the Gospel of John both with or without a predicate. The seven uses with a predicate that have resulted in titles for Jesus are: ''Bread of Life'', ''Light of the World'', ''the Door'', ''the Good Shepherd'', ''the Resurrection of Life'', ''the Way, the Truth and the Life'', ''the Vine''. It is also used without a predicate, which is very unusual in Greek and Christologists usually interpret it as God's own self-declaration. In John 8:24 Jesus states: "unless you believe that I am you will die in your sins" and in John 8:59 the crowd attempts to stone Jesus in response to his statement that "Before Abraham was, I am". However, some scholars state that Jesus never made a direct claim to divinity.
The Gospel of John opens by identifying Jesus as the divine Logos in John 1:1-18. The Greek term Logos () is often translated as "the Word" in English. The identification of Jesus as the Logos which became Incarnate appears only at the beginning of the Gospel of John and the term Logos is used only in two other Johannine passages: 1 John 1:1 and Revelation 19:13. John's Logos statements build on each other: the statement that the Logos existed "at the beginning" asserts that as Logos Jesus was an eternal being like God; that the Logos was "with God" asserts the distinction of Jesus from God; and Logos "was God" states the unity of Jesus with God.
Some authors have suggested that other titles applied to Jesus in the New Testament had meanings in the 1st century quite different from those meanings ascribed today, e.g. “Son of David” is found elsewhere in Jewish tradition to refer to the heir to the throne.
Historical views
Existence of Jesus
The Christian gospels were written primarily as theological documents rather than historical chronicles. However, the question of the existence of Jesus as a historical figure should be distinguished from discussions about the historicity of specific episodes in the gospels, the chronology they present, or theological issues regarding his divinity. A number of historical non-Christian documents, such as Jewish and Greco-Roman sources, have been used in historical analyses of the existence of Jesus. Most critical historians agree that Jesus existed and regard events such as his baptism and his crucifixion as historical.
Robert E. Van Voorst states that the non-historicity of the existence of Jesus has always been controversial, and has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines, and that classical historians, as well as biblical scholars now regard it as effectively refuted. Walter P. Weaver, among others, states that the denial of Jesus’ existence has never convinced any large number of people, in or out of technical circles.
Separate non-Christian sources used to establish the historical existence of Jesus include the works of first century Roman historians Flavius Josephus and Tacitus. Josephus scholar Louis H. Feldman has stated that few have doubted the genuineness of Josephus' reference. Bart D. Ehrman states that the existence of Jesus and his crucifixion by the Romans is attested to by a wide range of sources, including Josephus and Tacitus.
A very small number of modern scholars argue that Jesus never existed, but that view is a distinct minority, and a somewhat recent argument. Karl Rahner has observed that "in antiquity, even the most bitter enemies of Christianity never expressed doubts about the existence of Jesus." The ''Cambridge companion to Jesus'' states that the "farfetched theories that Jesus' existence was a Christian invention are highly implausible."
Constructing a historical view
Historians of Christianity analyze the gospels to try to discern the historical man on whom these stories are based. They compare what the gospels say to historical events relevant to the times and places where the gospels were written. They try to answer historical questions about Jesus, such as why he was crucified.Biblical scholars have used the historical method to develop plausible reconstructions of Jesus' life. Since the 19th century, these scholars have constructed a Jesus different in ways from the image found in the gospels. Scholars of the “historical Jesus” distinguish their concept from the “Jesus Christ” of Christianity.
The principal sources of information regarding Jesus’ life and teachings are the three Synoptic Gospels. Scholars conclude the authors of the gospels wrote a few decades after Jesus’ crucifixion (between 65 – 100 AD/CE), in some cases using sources (the author of Luke-Acts references this explicitly). Historians of Christianity generally describe Jesus as a healer who preached the restoration of God's kingdom.
The English title of Albert Schweitzer’s 1906 book, ''The Quest of the Historical Jesus,'' is a label for the post-Enlightenment effort to describe Jesus using critical historical methods. Since the end of the 18th century, scholars have examined the gospels and tried to formulate historical biographies of Jesus. Contemporary efforts benefit from a better understanding of 1st-century Judaism, renewed Roman Catholic biblical scholarship, broad acceptance of critical historical methods, sociological insights, and literary analysis of Jesus' sayings. The historical outlook on Jesus relies on critical analysis of the Bible, especially the gospels. Many Biblical scholars have sought to reconstruct Jesus’ life in terms of the political, cultural, and religious crises and movements in late 2nd Temple Judaism and in Roman-occupied Palestine, including differences between Galilee and Judaea, and between different sects such as the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes and Zealots, and in terms of conflicts among Jews in the context of Roman occupation.
Languages and background
Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there. The languages spoken in Galilee and Judea during the first century AD/CE include Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek, with Aramaic being the predominant language. Most scholars agree that during the early part of first century AD/CE Aramaic was the mother tongue of virtually all women in Galilee and Judae. Most scholars support the theory that Jesus spoke Aramaic and that he may have also spoken Hebrew and Greek.
Major milestones and activities
Baptism by John the Baptist
John the Baptist led a large apocalyptic movement. He demanded repentance and baptism. Jesus was baptized and later began his ministry. After John was executed, some of his followers apparently took Jesus as their new leader. Historians are nearly unanimous in accepting Jesus' baptism as a historical event.
Teaching
Jewish focus – Jesus taught among fellow Jews. Geza Vermes concludes that Jesus' message was exclusively for the Jews, while Gerd Theissen asserts that Jesus' message included themes related to the Gentiles being welcomed into the coming Kingdom.Arrival of the Kingdom – Jesus taught about the Kingdom of God. He said that the age of the Kingdom had in some sense arrived, starting with the activity of John the Baptist.
Apocalyptic vision – Most scholars hold that the movement Jesus led was apocalyptic, expecting God to intervene imminently to restore Israel. John the Baptist's movement was apocalyptic, and Jesus began his public career as one of his students. Scholars commonly surmise that Jesus' eschatology was apocalyptic, like John's.
Parables – Jesus taught in pithy parables and with striking images. His teaching was marked by hyperbole and unusual twists of phrase. Jesus likened the Kingdom of Heaven to small and lowly things, such as yeast or a mustard seed, that have great effects. Significantly, he never described the Kingdom in military terms. He used his sayings to elicit responses from the audience, engaging them in discussion.
The family of God – Jesus repeatedly set himself at odds with traditional family duties in order to emphasize that the true family of a believer was God's family, forming a community of believers as children of God.
God as a loving father – Jesus placed a special emphasis on God as one's heavenly father. This teaching contrasts with the more common practice of depicting God as a king or lord.
Virtue of being childlike – Jesus was remarkable in stating that one must become like a child to enter the Kingdom of God.
Importance of faith and prayer – Jesus identified faith or trust in God as a primary spiritual virtue. Associated with this main theme, Jesus taught that one should rely on prayer and expect prayer to be effective.
Healing and exorcism – Jesus taught that his healings and exorcisms indicated that a new eschatological age had arrived or was arriving.
Crucifixion
Jewish and Roman authorities in Jerusalem were wary of Galilean patriots, many of whom advocated or launched violent resistance to Roman rule. The gospels demonstrate that Jesus, a charismatic leader regarded as a potential troublemaker, was executed on political charges. Jesus' criticism of the Temple, the disturbance he caused there, and his refusal to renounce claims of kingship convinced the Jewish high priest to allow Jesus to be transferred into Roman custody.The Gospels report that Jesus foretold his own Passion, but, according to Geza Vermes, the confused and fearful actions of the disciples suggest that it came as a surprise to them.
Jewish religious movements in Jesus' day
Scholars refer to the religious background of the early 1st century to better reconstruct Jesus' life. Some scholars identify him with one or another group.Pharisees were a powerful force in 1st-century Judaea. Early Christians shared several beliefs of the Pharisees, such as resurrection, retribution in the next world, angels, human freedom, and Divine Providence. After the fall of the Temple, the Pharisee outlook was established in Rabbinic Judaism. Some scholars speculate that Jesus was himself a Pharisee. In Jesus' day, the two main schools of thought among the Pharisees were the House of Hillel, which had been founded by the eminent Tanna, Hillel the Elder, and the House of Shammai. Jesus' assertion of hypocrisy may have been directed against the stricter members of the House of Shammai, although he also agreed with their teachings on divorce. Jesus also commented on the House of Hillel's teachings (Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 31a) concerning the greatest commandment and the Golden Rule. Historians do not know whether there were Pharisees in Galilee during Jesus' life, or what they would have been like.
Sadducees were particularly powerful in Jerusalem. They accepted the written Law only, rejecting the traditional interpretations accepted by the Pharisees, such as belief in retribution in an afterlife, resurrection of the body, angels, and spirits. After Jesus caused a disturbance at the Temple, it was to have been the Sadducees who had him arrested and turned over to the Romans for execution. After the fall of Jerusalem, they disappeared from history.
Essenes were apocalyptic ascetics, one of the three (or four) major Jewish schools of the time, though they were not mentioned in the New Testament. Some scholars theorize that Jesus was an Essene, or close to them. Among these scholars is Pope Benedict XVI, who supposes in his book on Jesus that "it appears that not only John the Baptist, but possibly Jesus and his family as well, were close to the Qumran community."
Zealots were a revolutionary party opposed to Roman rule, one of those parties that, according to Josephus inspired the fanatical stand in Jerusalem that led to its destruction in the year 70 AD/CE. Luke identifies Simon, a disciple, as a "zealot", which might mean a member of the Zealot party (which would therefore have been already in existence in the lifetime of Jesus) or a zealous person. The notion that Jesus himself was a Zealot does not do justice to the earliest Synoptic material describing him.
Higher criticism and Christian scripture
Contemporary historians of Christianity use the historical-critical method (or higher criticism) to examine scripture for clues about the historical Jesus. They sort out sayings and events that are more likely to be genuine and use those to construct their portraits of Jesus. They use standard historical methods to discern who wrote each book, where and when they were written, what sources the authors used, what the authors' agendas were.Biblical scholars hold that the works describing Jesus were initially communicated by oral tradition, and were not committed to writing until several decades after Jesus' crucifixion. After the original oral stories were written down in Greek, they were transcribed, and later translated into other languages. The books of the New Testament had mostly been written by 100 AD/CE, making them, at least the Synoptic Gospels, historically relevant. The Gospel tradition certainly preserves several fragments of Jesus' teaching. The Gospel of Mark is believed to have been written ''c.'' 70 AD/CE. Matthew is placed at being sometime after this date and Luke is thought to have been written between 70 and 100 AD/CE. According to the majority viewpoint, the gospels were written not by the evangelists identified by tradition but by non-eyewitnesses who worked with second-hand sources and who modified their accounts to suit their religious agendas.
Critical scholars consider scriptural accounts more likely when they are attested in multiple texts, plausible in Jesus' historical environment, and potentially embarrassing to the author's Christian community. The "criterion of embarrassment" holds that stories about events with aspects embarrassing to Christians (such as the denial of Jesus by Peter, or the fleeing of Jesus' followers after his arrest) would likely not have been included if those accounts were fictional. Sayings attributed to Jesus are deemed more likely to reflect his character when they are distinctive, vivid, paradoxical, surprising, and contrary to social and religious expectations, such as "Blessed are the poor". Short, memorable parables and aphorisms capable of being transmitted orally are also thought more likely to be authentic.
The earliest extant texts which refer to Jesus are Paul's letters (mid-1st century), which affirm Jesus' crucifixion. Keulman and Gregory hold that the Gospel of Thomas, a collection of 114 sayings of Jesus, predates the four orthodox gospels, and believe it may have been composed around mid-1st century.
A minority of prominent scholars, such as J. A. T. Robinson, have maintained that the writers of the gospels of Matthew, Mark and John were either apostles and eyewitness to Jesus' ministry and death, or were close to those who had been.
Classicist Michael Grant stated that standard historical criteria prevent one from rejecting the existence of a historical Jesus.
Professor of Divinity James Dunn describes the mythical Jesus theory as a ‘thoroughly dead thesis’.
Religious perspectives
By and large, the Jews of Jesus' day rejected his claim to be the Messiah, as do Jews today. For their part, Christian Church Fathers, Ecumenical Councils, Reformers, and others have written extensively about Jesus over the centuries. Christian sects and schisms have often been defined or characterized by competing descriptions of Jesus. Meanwhile, Gnostics, Mandaeans, Manichaeans, Muslims, Baha'is, and others have found prominent places for Jesus in their own religious accounts.
Christian views
Though Christian views of Jesus vary, it is possible to describe a general majority Christian view by examining the similarities between specific Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and many Protestant doctrines found in their catechetical or confessional texts. Almost all Christian groups regard Jesus as the "Savior and Redeemer", as the Messiah (Greek: ''Christos''; English: Christ) prophesied in the Old Testament, who, through his life, death, and resurrection, restored humanity's communion with God in the blood of the New Covenant. His death on a cross is understood as the redemptive sacrifice: the source of humanity's salvation and the atonement for sin, which had entered human history through the sin of Adam. Christians profess that Jesus suffered death by crucifixion, and rose bodily from the dead in the definitive miracle that foreshadows the resurrection of humanity at the end of time, when Christ will come again to judge the living and the dead, resulting in either entrance into heaven or damnation.Christians profess Jesus to be the only Son of God, the Lord, and the eternal Word (which is a translation of the Greek ''Logos''), who became man in the incarnation, so that those who believe in him might have eternal life. They further hold that he was born of the Virgin Mary by the power of the Holy Spirit in an event described as the miraculous virgin birth or incarnation. Christians believe that Christ is the true head of the one holy universal and apostolic church.
Orthodox Christians believe that the Godhead is triune, a "Trinity", and that Jesus, as the second person of the Trinity, is fully God. As the 6th-century Athanasian Creed says, the Trinity is "one God" and "three persons... and yet they are not three Gods, but one God." Some unorthodox Christian groups do not accept the doctrine of the Trinity, including The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), Unitarianism, Jehovah's Witnesses, Oneness Pentecostals, Sabbatarian Churches of God and the Christadelphians. (See also Nontrinitarianism.)
Christians consider the Gospel and other New Testament accounts of Jesus to be divinely inspired. Christian writers, such as Benedict XVI, proclaim the Jesus of the Gospels, discounting the historical reconstruction of Jesus as entirely inadequate.
Jewish views
Judaism, including Orthodox Judaism, Hareidi Judaism, Reform Judaism, Karaite Judaism, Conservative Judaism, and Reconstructionist Judaism, rejects the idea of Jesus being God, or a person of a Trinity, or a mediator to God. Judaism also holds that Jesus is not the Messiah, arguing that he had not fulfilled the Messianic prophecies in the Tanakh nor embodied the personal qualifications of the Messiah. According to Jewish tradition, there were no more prophets after Malachi, who lived centuries before Jesus and delivered his prophesies about 420 BC/BCE.
The Talmud includes stories which some consider accounts of Jesus in the Talmud, although there is a spectrum from scholars, such as Maier (1978), who considers that only the accounts with the name ''Yeshu'' refer to the Christian Jesus, and that these are late redactions, to scholars such as Klausner (1925), who suggested that accounts related to Jesus in the Talmud may contain traces of the historical Jesus. However the majority of contemporary historians disregard this material as providing information on the historical Jesus. Many contemporary Talmud scholars view these as comments on the relationship between Judaism and Christians or other sectarians, rather than comments on the historical Jesus.
The ''Mishneh Torah'', an authoritative work of Jewish law, provides the last established consensus view of the Jewish community, in ''Hilkhot Melakhim'' 11:10–12 that Jesus is a "stumbling block" who makes "the majority of the world err to serve a divinity besides God". Because, is there a greater stumbling-block than this one? So that all of the prophets spoke that the Messiah redeems Israel, and saves them, and gathers their banished ones, and strengthens their commandments. And this one caused (nations) to destroy Israel by sword, and to scatter their remnant, and to humiliate them, and to exchange the Torah, and to make the majority of the world err to serve a divinity besides God. However, the thoughts of the Creator of the world — there is no force in a human to attain them because our ways are not God's ways, and our thoughts not God's thoughts. And all these things of Jesus the Nazarene, and of (Muhammad) the Ishmaelite who stood after him — there is no (purpose) but to straighten out the way for the King Messiah, and to restore all the world to serve God together. So that it is said, "Because then I will turn toward the nations (giving them) a clear lip, to call all of them in the name of God and to serve God (shoulder to shoulder as) one shoulder." Look how all the world already becomes full of the things of the Messiah, and the things of the Torah, and the things of the commandments! And these things spread among the far islands and among the many nations uncircumcised of heart.}}
According to Conservative Judaism, Jews who believe Jesus is the Messiah have "crossed the line out of the Jewish community". Reform Judaism, the modern progressive movement, states "For us in the Jewish community anyone who claims that Jesus is their savior is no longer a Jew and is an apostate".
Islamic views
In Islam, Jesus (Arabic: عيسى; `Īsā) is considered to be a Messenger of God and the Messiah who was sent to guide the Children of Israel with the Gospel. Jesus is seen in Islam as a precursor to Muhammad, and is believed by Muslims to have foretold the latter's coming. Jesus is mentioned more times in the Qur'an, by name, than Muhammad. According to the Qur'an, believed by Muslims to be God's final revelation, Jesus was born to Mary as the result of virginal conception, and was given the ability to perform miracles. Islamic traditions narrate that he will return to earth near the day of judgement to restore justice and defeat the Antichrist.
Ahmadiyya views
The Ahmadiyya Movement considers Jesus a mortal man who died a natural death. According to the early 20th century writings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement), Jesus survived his ordeal on the cross, and after his apparent death and resurrection, he fled Palestine and migrated eastwards to further teach the gospels. Jesus eventually died a natural death of old age in India – Kashmir – and is believed to be buried at Roza Bal.Although the view of Jesus having migrated to India has also been researched in the publications of independent historians with no affiliation to the movement, the Ahmadiyya Movement are the only religious organization to adopt these views as a characteristic of their faith. The general notion of Jesus in India is older than the foundation of the movement, and is discussed at length by Grönbold and Klatt.
The movement also interprets the second coming of Christ prophesied in various religious texts would be that of a person "similar to Jesus" (''mathīl-i ʿIsā''). Thus, Ahmadi's consider that the founder of the movement and his prophetical character and teachings were representative of Jesus and subsequently a fulfillment of this prophecy.
Bahá'í views
The Bahá'í Faith, founded in 19th-century Persia, considers Jesus, along with Muhammad, the Buddha, Krishna, and Zoroaster, and other messengers of the great religions of the world to be Manifestations of God (or prophets), with both human and divine stations.God is one and has manifested himself to humanity through several historic Messengers. Bahá'ís refer to this concept as Progressive Revelation, which means that God's will is revealed to mankind progressively as mankind matures and is better able to comprehend the purpose of God in creating humanity. In this view, God's word is revealed through a series of messengers: Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, Bahá'u'lláh (the founder of the Bahá'í Faith) among them. In the Book of Certitude, Bahá'u'lláh claims that these messengers have a two natures: divine and human. Examining their divine nature, they are more or less the same being. However, when examining their human nature, they are individual, with distinct personality. For example, when Jesus says "I and my Father are one", Bahá'ís take this quite literally, but specifically with respect to his nature as a Manifestation. When Jesus conversely stated "...And the Father himself, which hath sent me, hath borne witness of me", Bahá'ís see this as a simple reference to the individuality of Jesus. This divine nature, according to Bahá'u'lláh, means that any Manifestation of God can be said to be the return of a previous Manifestation, though Bahá'ís also believe that some Manifestations with specific missions return with a "new name", and a different, or expanded purpose. Bahá'ís believe that Bahá'u'lláh is, in both respects, the return of Jesus.
Buddhist views
Buddhists' views of Jesus differ. Some Buddhists, including Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama regard Jesus as a bodhisattva who dedicated his life to the welfare of human beings. The 14th century Zen master Gasan Jōseki indicated that the sayings of Jesus in the Gospels were written by an enlightened man.
Hindu views
In a letter to his daughter Indira Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru wrote, "All over Central Asia, in Kashmir and Ladakh and Tibet and even farther north, there is a strong belief that Jesus or Isa travelled about there."During the "lost years" not mentioned in the New Testament, Jesus reportedly studied in Nalanda and further in Tibet.
Other views
Mandaeanism, a very small Mideastern, Gnostic sect that reveres John the Baptist as God's greatest prophet, regards Jesus as a false prophet of the false Jewish god of the Old Testament, Adonai, and likewise rejects Abraham, Moses, and Muhammad.Manichaeism accepted Jesus as a prophet, along with Gautama Buddha and Zoroaster.
The New Age movement entertains a wide variety of views on Jesus. The creators of ''A Course In Miracles'' claim to trance-channel his spirit. However, the New Age movement generally teaches that Christhood is something that all may attain. Theosophists, from whom many New Age teachings originated (a Theosophist named Alice A. Bailey invented the term ''New Age''), refer to Jesus of Nazareth as the Master Jesus and believe he had previous incarnations.
Many writers emphasize Jesus' moral teachings. Garry Wills argues that Jesus' ethics are distinct from those usually taught by Christianity. The Jesus Seminar portrays Jesus as an itinerant preacher who taught peace and love, rights for women and respect for children, and who spoke out against the hypocrisy of religious leaders and the rich. Thomas Jefferson, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a deist, created the Jefferson Bible entitled "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth" that included only Jesus' ethical teachings because he did not believe in Jesus' divinity or any of the other supernatural aspects of the Bible.
See also
Notes
References
External links
Category:0s BC births Category:1st-century deaths Category:1st-century executions Category:Apocalypticists Category:Carpenters Category:Christian mythology Category:Christian religious leaders Category:Creator gods Category:Deified people Category:Founders of religions Category:God in Christianity Category:Islamic mythology Category:Jewish Messiah claimants Category:Life-death-rebirth gods Category:Messianism Category:New Testament people Category:People executed by crucifixion Category:People executed by the Roman Empire Category:People from Bethlehem Category:People from Nazareth Category:Prophets in Christianity Category:Prophets of Islam Category:Roman era Jews Category:Savior gods Category:Self-declared messiahs Category:Rabbis of the Land of Israel
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| Coordinates | 59°34′″N150°48′″N |
|---|---|
| Name | George Foreman |
| Nationality | American |
| Realname | George Edward Foreman |
| Nickname | Big GeorgeThe Heywood Giant |
| Height | |
| Reach | |
| Weight | Heavyweight |
| Birth date | January 10, 1949 |
| Birth place | Marshall, Texas, USA |
| Home | Houston, Texas, USA |
| Style | Orthodox |
| Total | 81 |
| Wins | 76 |
| Ko | 68 |
| Losses | 5 |
| Draws | 0 |
| No contests | 0 |
| Medaltemplates | }} |
George Edward Foreman (nicknamed "Big George") (born January 10, 1949) is an American two-time former World Heavyweight Boxing Champion, Olympic gold medalist, ordained Baptist minister, author and successful entrepreneur. He is credited as being one of the hardest hitters in boxing history.
His most notable fights in his early career were his knockout (TKO-2) against Joe Frazier in Kingston, Jamaica, on January 22, 1973 and his loss to Muhammad Ali (KO by 8) in "The Rumble in the Jungle" in Kinshasa, Zaire, on October 30, 1974. He later became the oldest man ever to become heavyweight boxing champion of the world when, at age 45, Foreman knocked out (KO-10) Michael Moorer, age 26, on November 5, 1994 to reclaim the title he held more than 20 years earlier. He has been named one of the 25 greatest fighters of all time by ''Ring'' magazine. He is now a successful businessman and an ordained Christian minister who has his own church.
Foreman is ranked #9 on ''Ring'' magazine's list of "100 greatest punchers of all time". He is also well-known for the eponymous George Foreman Grill.
Early life
George Foreman was born in Marshall, Texas. He grew up in the Fifth Ward, Houston, Texas, with six siblings. Although reared by J.D. Foreman, whom his mother had married when George was a small child, his biological father was Leroy Moorehead. Foreman was interested in football and idolized Jim Brown, but gave it up for boxing. He won a gold medal in the boxing/heavyweight division at the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games. By his own admission in his autobiography George was a troubled youth.
Professional career
Foreman had an amateur record of 22-4, losing twice to Clay Hodges (also defeated by Max Briggs in his first ever fight). Foreman turned professional in 1969 with a three-round knockout of Donald Walheim in New York. He had a total of 13 fights that year, winning all of them (11 by knockout).In 1970, Foreman continued his march toward the undisputed heavyweight title, winning all 12 of his bouts (11 by knockout). Among the opponents he defeated were Gregorio Peralta, whom he decisioned at Madison Square Garden although Peralta gave a very good account of himself and showed George was vulnerable to fast counter punching mixed with an assertive boxing style. But the boxing world shuddered when George Chuvalo, was defeated by technical knockout (TKO) in three rounds. After this impressive win, Foreman defeated Charlie Polite in four rounds and Boone Kirkman in three.
In 1971, Foreman won seven more fights, winning all of them by knockout, including a rematch with Peralta, whom he defeated by knockout in the tenth and final round in Oakland, California, and a win over Leroy Caldwell, who was knocked out in the second round. After amassing a record of 32–0 (29 KO), Foreman was ranked as the number one challenger by the WBA and WBC.
In 1972, his string of wins continued with a series of five consecutive bouts in which he defeated each opponent within three rounds.
The Sunshine Showdown vs. Joe Frazier
Still undefeated, and with an impressive knockout record, Foreman was set to challenge undefeated and undisputed world heavyweight champion Joe Frazier. Despite boycotting a title elimination caused by the vacancy resulting from the championship being stripped from Muhammad Ali, Frazier had won the title from Jimmy Ellis and defended his title four times since, including a 15-round unanimous decision over the previously unbeaten Ali in 1971 after Ali had beaten Oscar Bonavena and Jerry Quarry. Despite Foreman's superior size and reach, he was not expected to beat Frazier and was a 3:1 underdog going into the fight.The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout in one of boxing's biggest upsets. In HBO Boxing's first broadcast, the call made by Howard Cosell became one of the most memorable in sport: "Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier!" Before the fight Frazier was 29–0 (25 KO) and Foreman was 37–0 (34 KO). Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds, with the three knockdowns rule being waived for this bout. After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations. Frazier managed to get to his feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante eventually called an end to the one-sided bout.
Foreman was sometimes characterized by the media as an aloof and antisocial champion. According to them, he always seemed to wear a sneer and was not often available to the press. Foreman would later attribute his demeanor during this time as an emulation of Sonny Liston, for whom he had been an occasional sparring partner.
Nevertheless, Foreman went on to defend his title successfully twice during his initial reign as champion. His first defense, in Tokyo, pitted him against Puerto Rican heavyweight champion José Roman. Roman was not regarded as a top contender, and it took Foreman only 2 minutes to end the fight, one of the fastest knockouts in a heavyweight championship bout.
Title defense versus Ken Norton
Foreman's next defense was against a much tougher opponent. In 1974, in Caracas, Venezuela, he faced the highly regarded hall-of-famer Ken Norton who was 30–2, a boxer notorious for his awkward crossed-arm boxing style with crab-like defense plus heavy punch (a style Foreman would emulate in his second comeback), who had broken the jaw of Muhammad Ali while defeating Ali on points a year earlier. Norton had a good chin, never in trouble as such against Ali in two matches. He'd nearly won the second. Although nerves were known to make his determination suspect at times against really heavy hitters. But in an astonishing display of controlled aggression and punching power, Foreman picked his moment after staying out of range of a long offense and decked Ken with more or less his first real big punch he threw near the end of the first round. Norton rose on wobbly legs but clearly wasn't recovered for round two whereby he was down three times and stopped. "Ken was awesome when he got going. I didn't want him to get into the fight," George said when interviewed years later.George had cruised past two of the top names in the rankings. The stunning win made Foreman an impressive 40–0 with 37 knockouts.
"Rumble in the Jungle"
Foreman's next title defense, against Muhammad Ali, was historic. During the summer of 1974, Foreman traveled to Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) to defend his title against Ali. The bout was promoted as The Rumble in the Jungle.During training in Zaire, Foreman suffered a cut above his eye, forcing postponement of the match for a month. The injury affected Foreman's training regimen, as it meant he couldn't spar in the build-up to the fight and risk the cut being re-opened. He later commented: "That was the best thing that happened to Ali when we were in Africa—the fact that I had to get ready for the fight without being able to box." Foreman would later also claim he was drugged by his trainer prior to the bout. Ali used this time to tour Zaire, endearing himself to the public while taunting Foreman at every opportunity. Foreman was favored, having knocked out both Joe Frazier and Ken Norton within two rounds.
When Foreman and Ali finally met in the ring, Ali began more aggressively than expected, outscoring Foreman with superior punching speed. This was deliberate to unsettle Foreman. However, he quickly realized that this approach required him to move much more than Foreman and would cause him to tire. Ali was never conventional stylewise. In the second round, Ali retreated to the ropes, shielding his head and hitting Foreman in the face at every opportunity. Foreman dug vicious body punches into Ali's sides; however, it quickly became clear that Foreman was unable to land a clean punch to Ali's head. The ring ropes, being much looser than usual, allowed Ali to lean back and away from Foreman's wild swings and then maul him in a clinch, forcing Foreman to expend much extra energy untangling himself. Ali also pushed down on Foreman's neck, getting away with a move the referee is expected to discourage. To this day, it is unclear whether Ali's pre-fight talk of using speed and movement against Foreman had been just a diversionary trick, or whether his use of what became known as the "Rope-a-dope" tactic was an improvisation necessitated by Foreman's constant pressure.
In either case, Ali was able to counter off the ropes with blows to the face, and was able to penetrate Foreman's defense. As the early rounds passed, Ali continued to take heavy punishment to the body, and occasionally a hard jolt to the head, but Foreman could not land his best punches directly on Ali's chin. Eventually, Foreman began to tire and his punches became increasingly wild, losing power in the process. An increasingly confident Ali taunted Foreman throughout the bout. "You picked the wrong place to get tired," he'd whisper. But Foreman's corner would tell him to "keep hitting Ali, he's tiring", which was not true; Ali had great reserves. Late in the eight round, Ali began landing unreturned punches and sprang off the ropes with a sudden big flurry to Foreman's head, punctuated by a hard right cross that landed flush on Foreman's jaw. Foreman was definitely stunned and fell. He managed to regain his feet by the count of 8, but with a glazed look, and the referee waved the fight over. Foreman later said that he was not hurt but more shocked that an opponent had knocked him down, which had never previously happened to him. . It was Foreman's first defeat, and Muhammad Ali would remain the only boxer to ever defeat him by a knockout.
Foreman would later reflect that "it just wasn't my night." Though he sought one, he was unable to secure a rematch with Ali. It has been suggested in some quarters that Ali was ducking Foreman, as had rematches Joe Frazier and Ken Norton, and also fought low ranked opponents such as Chuck Wepner, Richard Dunn and Jean Pierre Coopman. Ali on the other hand would never commit to a rematch, preferring to talk about retirement or make fights with lowly ranked fighters like Richard Dunn or Alfredo Evaneglista.
First comeback
Foreman remained inactive during 1975. In 1976, he announced a comeback and stated his intention of securing a rematch with Ali. His first opponent was to be Ron Lyle, who had been defeated by Muhammad Ali in 1975, via 11-th round TKO. At the end of the first round, Lyle landed a hard left that sent Foreman staggering across the ring. In the second round, Foreman pounded Lyle against the ropes and might have scored a KO, but due to a timekeeping error the bell rang with a minute still remaining in the round , and Lyle survived. In the third, Foreman pressed forward, with Lyle waiting to counter off the ropes. In the fourth, a brutal slugfest erupted. A cluster of power punches from Lyle sent Foreman to the canvas. When Foreman got up, Lyle staggered him again, but just as Foreman seemed finished he retaliated with a hard right to the side of the head, knocking down Lyle. Lyle beat the count, then landed another brutal combination, knocking Foreman down for the second time. Again, Foreman beat the count. Foreman said later that he had never been hit so hard in a fight and remembered looking down at the canvas and seeing blood. In the fifth round, both fighters continued to ignore defense and traded their hardest punches looking crude. Each man staggered the other and each seemed almost out on his feet. Then, as if finally tired, Lyle stopped punching and Foreman delivered a dozen unanswered blows until Lyle collapsed. Lyle remained on the canvas and was counted out giving Foreman the KO victory. The fight was named by ''The Ring'' as "The Fight Of The Year."For his next bout, Foreman chose to face Joe Frazier in a rematch. Because of the one-sided Foreman victory in their first fight, and the fact that Frazier had taken a tremendous amount of punishment from Ali in Manila a year earlier, few expected him to win. Frazier at this point was 32–3 and Foreman was 41–1. Surprisingly, the 2nd Foreman-Frazier fight was fairly competitive for its duration, as Frazier used quick head movements to make Foreman miss with his hardest punches. Frazier's health was deteriorating at this point and was wearing a contact lens for his vision which was knocked loose during the bout. After being unable to mount a significant offense, however, Frazier was eventually floored twice by Foreman in the fifth round and the fight was stopped. Next, Foreman knocked out Scott Ledoux in three and Dino Dennis in four to finish the year.
Retirement and rebirth
1977 would prove to be a life changing year for Foreman. After knocking out Pedro Agosto in four rounds at Pensacola, Florida, Foreman flew to Puerto Rico a day before the fight without giving himself time to acclimatise. His opponent was the skilled boxer Jimmy Young, who had beaten Ron Lyle and lost a very controversial decision to Muhammad Ali the previous year. Foreman fought cautiously early on, allowing Young to settle into the fight. Young constantly complained about Foreman pushing him, for which Foreman eventually had a point deducted by the referee, although Young was never warned for his persistent holding. Foreman badly hurt Young in round 7 but was unable to land a finishing blow. Foreman tired during the second half of the fight and even suffered a flash knockdown in round 12 en route to losing a decision.Foreman became ill in his dressing room after the fight. He was suffering from exhaustion and heatstroke and believed he had a near death experience. He claimed he found himself in a hellish, frightening place of nothingness and despair. He began to plead with God to help him. He explained that he sensed God asking him to change his life and ways. After this experience, Foreman became a born-again Christian, dedicating his life for the next decade to God. Although he did not formally retire from boxing, Foreman stopped fighting, became an ordained minister of a church in Houston, Texas, and devoted himself to his family and his congregation. He also opened a youth center that bears his name. Foreman continues to share his conversion experience on Christian television broadcasts such as ''The 700 Club'' and the Trinity Broadcasting Network, and would later joke that Young had knocked the devil out of him.
Second comeback
In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38. In his autobiography he stated that his primary motive was to raise money to fund the youth center he had created. His stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson. For his first fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds. Foreman weighed for the fight, and looked badly out of shape. Although many thought his decision to return to the ring was a mistake, Foreman countered that he had returned to prove that age was not a barrier to people achieving their goals (as he would say later, he wanted to show that age 40 is not a "death sentence"). He won four more bouts that year, gradually slimming down and improving his fitness. In 1988, he won nine times. Perhaps his most notable win during this period was a seventh round knockout of former light heavyweight and cruiserweight champion Dwight Muhammad Qawi.Having always been a deliberate fighter, Foreman had not lost much mobility in the ring since his first "retirement", although he found it harder to keep his balance after throwing big punches and could no longer throw rapid combinations. He was still capable of landing heavy, single blows, however. Ironically, the late-rounds fatigue that had plagued him in the ring as a young man now seemed to be gone, and he could comfortably compete for 12 rounds. Foreman attributed this to his new, relaxed fighting style (he has spoken of how, earlier in his career, his lack of stamina came from an enormous amount of nervous tension).
By 1989, while continuing his comeback, Foreman had sold his name and face for the advertising of various products, selling everything from grills to mufflers on TV. For this purpose his public persona was reinvented and the formerly aloof, ominous Foreman had been replaced by a smiling, friendly George. He and Ali had become friends, and he followed in Ali's footsteps by making himself a celebrity outside the boundaries of boxing.
Foreman continued his string of victories, winning five more fights, the most impressive being a three-round win over Bert Cooper, who would go on to contest the undisputed heavyweight title against Evander Holyfield.
In 1990, Foreman met former title challenger Gerry Cooney in Atlantic City. Cooney was coming off a long period of inactivity, but was well regarded for his punching power. Cooney wobbled Foreman in the first round, but Foreman landed several powerful punches in the second round. Cooney was knocked down twice, and Foreman had scored a devastating KO. Foreman went on to win four more fights that year.
Then, in 1991, Foreman was given the opportunity to challenge undisputed heavyweight champion Evander Holyfield, who was in tremendous shape at 208 pounds, for the world title in a Pay Per View boxing event. Very few boxing experts gave the 42-year-old Foreman a chance of winning. Foreman, who weighed in at 257 pounds, began the contest by marching forward, absorbing several of Holyfield's best combinations and occasionally landing a powerful swing of his own. Holyfield proved too tough and agile to knock down, and was well ahead on points throughout the fight, but Foreman surprised many by lasting the full 12 rounds, losing his challenge on points. Round 7, in which Foreman knocked Holyfield off balance before being staggered by a powerful combination, was ''Ring Magazine'''s "Round of the Year."
A year later, Foreman fought journeyman Alex Stewart, who had previously been stopped in the first round by Mike Tyson. Foreman knocked down Stewart twice in the second round, but expended a lot of energy in doing so. He subsequently tired, and Stewart rebounded. By the end of the 10th and final round, Foreman's face was bloodied and swollen, but the judges awarded him a majority decision win.
In 1993, Foreman received another title shot, although this was for the vacant WBO championship, which most fans at the time saw as a second-tier version of the "real" heavyweight title, then being contested between Holyfield and Riddick Bowe. Foreman's opponent was Tommy Morrison, a young prospect known for his punching power. To the frustration of Foreman, and the disappointment of the booing crowd, Morrison retreated throughout the fight, refusing to trade toe-to-toe, and sometimes even turned his back on Foreman. The strategy paid off, however, as he outboxed Foreman from long range. Foreman was competitive throughout the match, but after 12 rounds Morrison won a unanimous decision. Though it seemed unlikely at the time, one more chance at the legitimate heavyweight crown was just around the corner for Foreman.
Regaining the Title
In 1994, Foreman once again sought to challenge for the world championship after Michael Moorer had beaten Holyfield for the IBF and WBA titles.Having lost his last fight against Morrison, Foreman was unranked and in no position to demand another title shot. However, his relatively high profile made a title defense against Foreman, who was 19 years older than Moorer, a lucrative prospect at seemingly little risk for champion Moorer.
Foreman's title challenge against Moorer took place on November 5 in Las Vegas, Nevada, with Foreman wearing the same red trunks he had worn in his title loss to Ali 20 years earlier. This time, however, Foreman was a substantial underdog. For nine rounds, Moorer easily outboxed him, hitting and moving away, while Foreman chugged forward, seemingly unable to "pull the trigger" on his punches. Entering the tenth round, Foreman was trailing on all scorecards. However, Foreman launched a comeback in the tenth round, and hit Moorer with a number of punches. Then a short right hand caught Moorer on the tip of his chin, gashing open his bottom lip, and he collapsed to the canvas. He lay flat on his back as the referee counted him out.
In an instant, Foreman had regained the title he had lost to Muhammad Ali two decades before. He went back to his corner and knelt in prayer as the arena erupted in cheers. With this historic victory, Foreman broke three records: he became, at age 45, the oldest fighter ever to win the world heavyweight crown; and, 20 years after losing his title for the first time, he broke the record for the fighter with the longest interval between his first and second world championships. The age spread of 19 years between the champion and challenger was also the largest of any heavweight boxing championship fight.
Shortly after the Moorer fight, Foreman began talking about a potential superfight against Mike Tyson (the youngest ever heavyweight champ). The WBA organization, however, demanded he fight their No. 1 challenger, who at the time was the competent but aging Tony Tucker. For reasons not clearly known, Foreman refused to fight Tucker, and allowed the WBA to strip him of that belt. He then went on to fight mid-level prospect Axel Schulz of Germany in defense of his remaining IBF title. Schulz was a major underdog. Schulz jabbed strongly from long range, and grew increasingly confident as the fight progressed. Foreman finished the fight with a swelling over one eye, but was awarded a controversial majority decision (two judges scored for Foreman, one called it even). The IBF ordered an immediate rematch to be held in Germany, but Foreman refused the terms and found himself stripped of his remaining title. However, Foreman continued to be recognized as the lineal heavyweight champion.
In 1996, Foreman returned to Tokyo, scoring an easy win over the unrated Crawford Grimsley by a 12-round decision. In 1997, he faced contender Lou Savarese, winning a close decision in a grueling, competitive encounter. Then, yet another opportunity came Foreman's way as the WBC decided to match him against Shannon Briggs in a 1997 "eliminator bout" for the right to face WBC champion Lennox Lewis. After 12 rounds, in which Foreman consistently rocked Briggs with power punches, almost everyone at ringside saw Foreman as the clear winner. Once again there was a controversial decision—but this time it went in favor of Foreman's opponent, with Briggs awarded a points win. Foreman had fought for the last time, at the age of 48.
Second retirement
Foreman was gracious and philosophical in his loss to Briggs, but announced his "final" retirement shortly afterward. However, he did plan a return bout against Larry Holmes in 1999, scheduled to take place at the Houston Astrodome on pay per view. The fight was to be billed as "The Birthday Bash" due to both fighters' upcoming birthdays. Foreman was set to make $10 million and Holmes was to make $4 million, but negotiations fell through and the fight was cancelled. With a continuing affinity for the sport, Foreman became a respected boxing analyst for HBO.Foreman said he had no plans to resume his career as a boxer, but then announced in February 2004 that he was training for one more comeback fight to demonstrate that the age of 55, like 40, is not a "death sentence." The bout, against an unspecified opponent,(rumored to be the now late Trevor Berbick), never materialized (it was widely thought that Foreman's wife had been a major factor in the change of plans). Having severed his relationship with HBO to pursue other opportunities, George Foreman and the sport of boxing finally went their separate ways.
Family
Foreman has 10 children, and each of his five sons is named George: George Jr., George III, George IV, George V, and George VI. His four younger sons are distinguished from one another by the nicknames "Monk", "Big Wheel", "Red", and "Little Joey". He has two daughters, Freeda George and Georgetta. He also has three daughters from a separate relationship, Natalia, Michi and Leola. He also adopted a daughter, Isabella Brandie Lilja (Foreman), in 2009.
Business Deals
When Foreman came back from retirement he argued that his success was due to his healthy eating which made him a perfect fit for Russell Hobbs Inc. who were looking for a spokesperson for their fat-reducing grill.The George Foreman grill has resulted in sales of over 100 million units since it was first launched, a feat that was achieved in a little over 15 years. Although Foreman has never confirmed exactly how much he has earned from the endorsement, what is known is that Salton Inc paid him $137 million in 1999 in order to buy out the right to use his name. Previous to that he was being paid about 40% of the profits on each grill sold (earning him $4.5 million a month in payouts at its peak) so it is estimated he has made a total of over $200 million from the endorsement, a sum that is substantially more than he earned as a boxer.
Amateur Accomplishments
Professional boxing record
|- |align="center" colspan=8|76 Wins (68 knockouts, 8 decisions), 5 Losses (1 knockout, 4 decisions), 0 Draws |- | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Round | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes |-align=center |Loss |76–5 |align=left| Shannon Briggs |MD |12 | |align=left| |align=left|Loss Lineal Champion. |-align=center |Win |76–4 |align=left| Lou Savarese |SD |12 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |75–4 |align=left| Crawford Grimsley |UD |12 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |74–4 |align=left| Axel Schulz |MD |12 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |73–4 |align=left| Michael Moorer |KO |10 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Loss |72–4 |align=left| Tommy Morrison |UD |12 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |72–3 |align=left| Pierre Coetzer |TKO |8 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |71–3 |align=left| Alex Stewart |MD |10 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |70–3 |align=left| Jimmy Ellis |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Loss |69–3 |align=left| Evander Holyfield |UD |12 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |69–2 |align=left| Terry Anderson |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |68–2 |align=left| Ken Lakusta |KO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |67–2 |align=left| Adilson Rodrigues |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |66–2 |align=left| Mike Jameson |TKO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |65–2 |align=left| Gerry Cooney |TKO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |64–2 |align=left| Everett Martin |UD |10 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |63–2 |align=left| Bert Cooper |RTD |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |62–2 |align=left| J. B. Williamson |TKO |5 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |61–2 |align=left| Manoel De Almeida |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |60–2 |align=left| Mark Young |TKO |7 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |59–2 |align=left| David Jaco |TKO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |58–2 |align=left| Tony Fulilangi |TKO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |57–2 |align=left| Bobby Hitz |TKO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |56–2 |align=left| Ladislao Mijangos |TKO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |55–2 |align=left| Carlos Hernandez |TKO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |54–2 |align=left| Frank Lux |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |53–2 |align=left| |TKO |7 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |52–2 |align=left| Guido Trane |TKO |5 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |51–2 |align=left| Tom Trimm |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |50–2 |align=left| Rocky Sekorski |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |49–2 |align=left| Tim Anderson |TKO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |48–2 |align=left| Bobby Crabtree |TKO |6 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |47–2 |align=left| Charles Hostetter |KO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |46–2 |align=left| Steve Zouski |TKO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Loss |45–2 |align=left| Jimmy Young |UD |12 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |45–1 |align=left| Pedro Agosto |TKO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |44–1 |align=left| John Dino Denis |TKO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |43–1 |align=left| Scott LeDoux |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |42–1 |align=left| Joe Frazier |TKO |5 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |41–1 |align=left| Ron Lyle |KO |5 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Loss |40–1 |align=left| Muhammad Ali |KO |8 | |align=left| |-align=center |Win |40–0 |align=left| Ken Norton |TKO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |39–0 |align=left| Jose Roman |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |38–0 |align=left| Joe Frazier |TKO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |37–0 |align=left| Terry Sorrell |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |36–0 |align=left| Miguel Angel Paez |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |35–0 |align=left| Ted Gullick |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |34–0 |align=left| Clarence Boone |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |33–0 |align=left| |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |32–0 |align=left| Luis Faustino Pires |TKO |5 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |31–0 |align=left| Ollie Wilson |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |30–0 |align=left| Leroy Caldwell |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |29–0 |align=left| Vic Scott |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |28–0 |align=left| Gregorio Peralta |TKO |10 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |27–0 |align=left| Stamford Harris |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |26–0 |align=left| Charlie Boston |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |25–0 |align=left| Mel Turnbow |TKO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |24–0 |align=left| Boone Kirkman |TKO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |23–0 |align=left| Lou Bailey |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |22–0 |align=left| George Chuvalo |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |21–0 |align=left| Roger Russell |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |20–0 |align=left| George Johnson |TKO |7 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |19–0 |align=left| Aaron Eastling |TKO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |18–0 |align=left| James J. Woody |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |17–0 |align=left| Rufus Brassell |TKO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |16–0 |align=left| Gregorio Peralta |UD |10 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |15–0 |align=left| Jack O'Halloran |KO |5 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |14–0 |align=left| Charley Polite |KO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |13–0 |align=left| Gary Hobo Wiler |TKO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |12–0 |align=left| Levi Forte |UD |10 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |11–0 |align=left| Bob Hazelton |TKO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |10–0 |align=left| Max Martinez |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |9–0 |align=left| Leo Peterson |KO |4 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |8–0 |align=left| Roberto Davila |UD |8 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |7–0 |align=left| Vernon Clay |TKO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |6–0 |align=left| Roy Wallace |KO |2 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |5–0 |align=left| Johnny Carroll |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |4–0 |align=left| Chuck Wepner |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |3–0 |align=left| Sylvester Dullaire |TKO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |2–0 |align=left| Fred Askew |KO |1 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center |Win |1–0 |align=left| Don Waldheim |TKO |3 | |align=left| |align=left| |-align=center
See also
References
External links
{{s-ttl| title = IBF Heavyweight Champion | years = November 5, 1994–1995 Stripped }} {{s-ttl| title = WBA Heavyweight Champion | years = November 5, 1994–1995 Stripped }}
Category:1949 births Category:African American boxers Category:American boxers Category:American businesspeople Category:American Christian clergy Category:American Protestants Category:Boxers at the 1968 Summer Olympics Category:World heavyweight boxing champions Category:International Boxing Federation Champions Category:International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees Category:Living people Category:Olympic boxers of the United States Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States Category:People from Houston, Texas Category:People from Marshall, Texas Category:World Boxing Association Champions Category:World Boxing Council Champions Category:Winners of the United States Championship for amateur boxers Category:Olympic medalists in boxing
ar:جورج فورمان be:Джордж Форман bg:Джордж Форман ca:George Foreman da:George Foreman de:George Foreman es:George Foreman fa:جورج فورمن fr:George Foreman ga:George Foreman io:George Foreman id:George Foreman it:George Foreman he:ג'ורג' פורמן jv:George Foreman lv:Džordžs Formens mn:Жорж Формэн nl:George Foreman ja:ジョージ・フォアマン no:George Foreman pl:George Foreman pt:George Foreman ro:George Foreman ru:Форман, Джордж simple:George Foreman fi:George Foreman sv:George Foreman tr:George Foreman yo:George ForemanThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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1973 | George Foreman vs Joe Frazier I
Perainor
1973 | George Foreman vs Joe Frazier I
Frazier vs. Foreman - On the Sunshine Island, January 22, 1973 THE FIGHT Foreman and Frazier were two very different fighters. Foreman fought flat out, all guns full steam ahead, while Frazier, kept his left hook ready, waited and took blow...
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