Name	Leeds
Official name	City of Leeds
Native name
Settlement type	City and Metropolitan Borough
Motto	"Pro rege et lege" ''"For king and the law"''
Nickname	"Knightsbridge of the North"
Image alt	An impressive free-standing stone-built civic building on a sloping site with steps up to a colonnade. Above the parapet is a square clock-tower, also colonnaded, with an elongated lead-covered dome with concave sides and a cupola on top..
Blank emblem type	Coat of arms
Blank emblem alt	A shield, with three white stars on a black background at the top and, below, a suspended fleece on a light-blue background. Above the shield is a helmet with leaves above and behind and a small owl on top. To the left and right are two large owls wearing golden ducal coronets. They are perched on a scroll below the shield which reads "PRO LEGE ET REGE".
Blank emblem link	Coat of arms of Leeds
Map alt	A map of England coloured pink showing the administrative subdivisions of the country. The Leeds metropolitan borough area is coloured red.
Map caption	Leeds shown within England
Map caption1	The Headrow
Dot x	|dot_y
Pushpin map
Pushpin label position
Pushpin mapsize
Coordinates region	GB
Subdivision type	Sovereign state
Subdivision name	United Kingdom
Subdivision type1	Constituent country
Subdivision name1	England
Subdivision type2	Region
Subdivision name2	Yorkshire and the Humber
Subdivision type3	Ceremonial county
Subdivision name3	West Yorkshire
Subdivision type4	Admin HQ
Subdivision name4	Leeds city centre
Government type	Metropolitan borough, City
Leader title	Governing body
Leader name	Leeds City Council
Leader title1	Lord Mayor
Leader name1	Cllr James McKenna (L)
Leader title2	Leader of the Council
Leader name2	Cllr Keith Wakefield (L)
Leader title3	Chief Executive
Leader name3	Paul Rogerson
Leader title4	MPs:
Leader name4	Stuart Andrew (C) Ed Balls (L) Hilary Benn (L) Fabian Hamilton (L) George Mudie (L) Greg Mulholland (LD) Rachel Reeves (L) Alec Shelbrooke (C)
Established title	Borough Charter
Established date	1207
Established title1	Town Charter
Established date1	1626
Established title2	City status
Established date2	1893
Established title3	City of Leeds Met. District created
Established date3	1974
Unit pref
Area total km2	551.72
Area land km2
Area total sq mi	213
Area blank1 sq mi
Population as of
Population total	(Ranked )
Population density km2	1380
Population density sq mi	3574
Population blank2 title	Ethnicity (2001 census)
Population blank2	89.1% White5.4% Asian or Asian British2.0% Black or Black British1.7% Mixed Race1.8% Chinese and other
Population demonym	Loiner/Leodensian
Timezone	Greenwich Mean Time
Utc offset	+0
Timezone dst	British Summer Time
Utc offset dst	+1
Elevation max footnotes
Elevation min footnotes
Elevation ft	33–1115
Elevation m	10–340
Postal code type	Postcode
Postal code	LS,part of WF and also part of BD.
Area code	0113 (urban core) 01924 (Wakefield nos)01937 (Wetherby/ Boston Spa)01943 (Guiseley/ Otley)01977 (Pontefract nos)
Blank name	ISO 3166-2
Blank info	GB-LDS
Blank1 name	ONS code
Blank1 info	00DA
Blank2 name	NUTS 3
Blank2 info	UKE42
Blank3 name	OS grid reference
Blank3 info
Blank4 name	Euro. Parlt. Const.
Blank4 info	Yorkshire & the Humber
Website	www.leeds.gov.uk
Footnotes	}}

Leeds () is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city had a population of 787,700 (2009 est.) making it the 30th-most populous city in the European Union.

Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value.

Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Leeds can trace its recorded history to the 5th century when the Kingdom of Elmet was covered by the forest of "Loidis", the origin of the name ''Leeds''. The name has been applied to many administrative entities over the centuries. It changed from being the appellation of a small manorial borough, in the 13th century, through several incarnations, to being the name attached to the present metropolitan borough. In the 17th and 18th centuries Leeds became a major centre for the production and trading of wool. Then, during the Industrial Revolution, Leeds developed into a major industrial centre; wool was still the dominant industry but flax, engineering, iron foundries, printing, and other industries were important. From being a compact market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century.

Public transport, rail and road communications networks in the region are focused on Leeds and there are a number of twinning arrangements with towns and cities in other countries. Its assigned role in the Leeds City Region partnership recognises the city's importance to regional economic development.

History

Toponymy

The name ''Leeds'' derives from "Loidis", the name given to a forest covering most of the Brythonic kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the 5th century into the early 7th century. Bede states in the fourteenth chapter of his ''Historia ecclesiastica'', in a discussion of an altar surviving from a church erected by Edwin of Northumbria, that it is located in "...regione quae vocatur Loidis", the region known as Loidis. An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a ''Loiner'', a word of uncertain origin.

Economic development

Leeds developed as a market town in the Middle Ages as part of the local agricultural economy. Prior to the Industrial Revolution it had become a co-ordination centre for the making of woollen cloth; with white broadcloth being traded at the Leeds White Cloth Hall. Leeds was handling one sixth of England's export trade in 1770. Growth, initially in textiles, was accelerated by the building of the Aire and Calder Navigation in 1699 and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816. The railway network constructed around Leeds, starting with the Leeds and Selby Railway in 1834, provided improved communications with national markets and, significantly for its development, an east-west connection with Manchester and the ports of Liverpool and Hull giving improved access to international markets. Alongside technological advances and industrial expansion, Leeds retained an interest in trading in agricultural commodities, with the Corn Exchange opening in 1864.

Marshall's Mill was one of the first of the many factories that were to be constructed in Leeds from around 1790. In the early years the most significant of the factories were woollen finishing and flax mills; diversifying by 1914 to printing, engineering, chemicals and clothing manufacture. Decline in manufacturing during the 1930s was temporarily reversed by a switch to producing military uniforms and munitions during World War II. However, by the 1970s the clothing industry was in irreversible decline, facing cheap foreign competition. The contemporary economy of Leeds has been shaped by Leeds City Council having the vision of building a '24 hour European city' and a 'capital of the north'. It has developed from the decay of the post-industrial era to become a telephone banking centre, connected to the electronic infrastructure of the modern global economy. There has been growth in the corporate and legal sectors and increased local affluence has led to an expanding retail sector, including the luxury goods market. In 2011 it was announced that Leeds will become an enterprise zone, which will help small businesses in the region to increase economic growth.

Local government

+Leeds (parish) population
1881
1891
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"

Leeds was a manor and township in the large ancient parish of ''Leeds St Peter'', in the Skyrack wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The Borough of Leeds was created in 1207, when Maurice Paynel, lord of the manor, granted a charter to a small area within the manor, close to the river crossing, in what is now the city centre. Four centuries later, the inhabitants of Leeds petitioned Charles I for a charter of incorporation, which was granted in 1626. The new charter incorporated the entire parish, including all eleven townships, as the Borough of Leeds and withdrew the earlier charter. Improvement commissioners were set up in 1755 for paving, lighting, and cleansing of the main streets, including Briggate; with further powers added in 1790 to improve the water supply.

The borough corporation was reformed under the provisions of Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Leeds Borough Police force was formed in 1836 and Leeds Town Hall was completed by the corporation in 1858. In 1866 Leeds, and each of the other townships in the borough, became a civil parish. The borough became a county borough in 1889, giving it independence from the newly formed West Riding County Council and it gained city status in 1893. In 1904 the Leeds parish absorbed Beeston, Chapel Allerton, Farnley, Headingley cum Burley and Potternewton from within the borough. In the twentieth century the county borough initiated a series of significant territorial expansions, growing from in 1911 to in 1961. In 1912 the parish and county borough of Leeds absorbed Leeds Rural District, consisting of the parishes of Roundhay and Seacroft; and Shadwell, which had been part of Wetherby Rural District. On 1 April 1925 the parish of Leeds was expanded to cover the whole borough.

The county borough was abolished on 1 April 1974 and its former area was combined with that of the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey; the urban districts of Aireborough, Horsforth, Otley, Garforth and Rothwell; and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wetherby and Wharfedale. This area was used to form a new metropolitan district in the county of West Yorkshire; it gained both borough and city status and is known as the City of Leeds. Initially, local government services were provided by Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council. However, the county council was abolished in 1986 and the city council absorbed its functions, with some powers passing to organisations such as the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Authority. From 1988 two run-down and derelict areas close to the city centre were designated for regeneration and formed the area of responsibility of Leeds Development Corporation, outside the planning remit of the city council. Planning powers were restored to the local authority in 1995 when the development corporation was wound up.

Suburban growth

In 1801, 42% of the population of Leeds lived outside the township, in the wider borough. Cholera outbreaks in 1832 and 1849 caused the borough authorities to address the problems of drainage, sanitation and water supply. Water was originally pumped from the River Wharfe, but by 1860 it was too heavily polluted to be usable. Following the Leeds Waterworks Act of 1867 three reservoirs were built at Lindley Wood, Swinsty and Fewston, to the north of Leeds. Residential growth occurred in Holbeck and Hunslet from 1801 to 1851, but, as these townships became industrialised new areas were favoured for middle class housing. Land to the south of the river was henceforth developed, primarily for industry and secondarily for back-to-back workers' dwellings. The Leeds Improvement Act 1866 sought to improve the quality of working class housing by restricting the number of homes that could be built in a single terrace. Holbeck and Leeds formed a continuous built-up area by 1858, with Hunslet nearly meeting them. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, population growth in Hunslet, Armley and Wortley outstripped that of Leeds itself. When pollution became a problem, the wealthier residents left the small industrial conurbation to live in the northerly villages of Headingley, Potternewton and Chapel Allerton; this led to a 50% increase in the population of Headingley and Burley from 1851 to 1861. The middle class flight from the industrial areas also led to development beyond the borough at Roundhay and Adel. The introduction of the electric tramway led to intensification of development in Headingley and Potternewton and expansion outside the borough into Roundhay.

Two private gas supply companies were taken over by the corporation in 1870 and this new municipal supply was used to provide street lighting and cheaper gas to homes. From the early 1880s the Yorkshire House-to-House Electricity Company supplied electricity to Leeds until it was also purchased by Leeds Corporation and became a municipal supply.

Slum clearance and rebuilding began in Leeds in the Inter-war period when over 18,000 houses were built by the council on 24 estates in places like Cross Gates, Middleton, Gipton, Belle Isle and Halton Moor. The slums of Quarry Hill were replaced by the innovative Quarry Hill flats, which were demolished in 1975. Another 36,000 houses were built by private sector builders, creating the suburbs of Gledhow, Moortown, Alwoodley, Roundhay, Colton, Whitkirk, Oakwood, Weetwood and Adel. After 1949 a further 30,000 sub-standard houses were demolished by the council to be replaced by a total of 151 medium-rise and high-rise blocks of council flats in estates like Seacroft, Armley Heights, Tinshill and Brackenwood.

Recently, Leeds has seen great local expenditure on regenerating the city, attracting in investments and flagship projects, as found in Leeds city centre. Many buildings have already been built, boasting luxurious penthouse apartments, just a stones throw from the city centre.

Geography

At (53.799°, −1.549°), and north-northwest of central London, the central area of Leeds is located on the River Aire in a narrow section of the Aire Valley, which is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines. The city centre lies at about above sea level while the district ranges from in the far west on the slopes of Ilkley Moor to about where the rivers Aire and Wharfe cross the eastern boundary. The centre of Leeds is part of a continuously built-up area extending to Pudsey, Bramley, Horsforth, Alwoodley, Seacroft, Middleton and Morley. Leeds has the second highest population of any local authority district in the UK (after Birmingham), and the second greatest area of any English metropolitan district (after Doncaster), extending 15 miles (24 km) from east to west, and 13 miles (21 km) from north to south. The northern boundary follows the River Wharfe for several miles but crosses the river to include the section of Otley which lies north of the river. Over 65% of the Leeds district is green belt land and the city centre is less than twenty miles (32 km) from the Yorkshire Dales National Park, which offers some of the most spectacular scenery and countryside in the UK. Inner and southern areas of Leeds lie on a layer of coal measure sandstones. To the north parts are built on older sand and gritstones and to the east it extends into the magnesian limestone belt. The land use in the central areas of Leeds is overwhelmingly urban.

Attempts to define the exact geographic meaning of Leeds lead to a variety of concepts of its extent, varying by context; they include the area of the city centre, the urban sprawl, the administrative boundaries, and the functional region.

Leeds city centre is contained within the Leeds Inner Ring Road, formed from parts of the A58 road, A61 road, A64 road, A643 road and the M621 motorway. Briggate, the principal north-south shopping street, is pedestrianised and Queen Victoria Street, a part of the Victoria Quarter, is enclosed under a glass roof. Millennium Square is a significant urban focal point. The Leeds postcode area covers most of the City of Leeds and is almost entirely made up of the Leeds post town. Otley, Wetherby, Tadcaster, Pudsey and Ilkley are separate post towns within the postcode area. Aside from the built up area of Leeds itself, there are a number of suburbs and exurbs within the district.

Climate

Leeds has a climate that is oceanic, greatly influenced by the Atlantic and the Pennines. Summers are usually mild, with plenty of rain, while winters are chilly, cloudy with occasional snow and frost. Spring and autumn are mild but snow and frost are not unheard of.

July is the hottest month, with a mean temperature of 16 °C (61 °F), while the coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 3 °C (37 °F). Temperatures above 27 °C and below −6 °C are not common but not unheard of. Temperatures at Leeds Bradford fell to −12.6 °C in December 2010 and reached 31.8 °C at Leeds city centre in August 2003.

Being located on the eastern side of the Pennines, Leeds is amongst the driest cities in the United Kingdom, with an annual rainfall of 660 mm (25.98 inches). Snowfall is common, but increases with altitude. Most snow falls in the months of December, January and February but can also fall in November, March and April. Frost is common, and usually occurs from November until April but can occur in October, June and September. Fog mainly occurs in autumn and winter, and Leeds can be susceptible to fog from the North Sea.

Extreme weather in Leeds is not a common occurrence, but is not unheard of. Thunderstorms, blizzards, gale force winds and even tornadoes have struck the city on numerous occasions, though the latter is very rare, and the last reported tornado occurred on 14 September 2006, causing trees to uproot and signal failures at Leeds City railway station.

Demography

Urban subdivision

City of Leeds 443,247 88.4% 6.4% 2.2%

Leeds compared
colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"	250px|center|alt=A map of West Yorkshire showing the Leeds urban subdivision of the West Yorkshire Urban Area coloured green and the rest of the Urban area coloured blue-grey|Leeds urban subdivisionshown within the West Yorkshire urban areaLeeds urban subdivision within the West Yorkshire urban area
United Kingdom Census 2001	2001UK Census	LeedsUSD	Leedsdistrict ||	West Yorkshire Urban Area>WestYorks UA	England
Population	|	715,402	1,499,465	49,138,831
White	|	91.9%	85.5%	90.9%
Asian	|	4.5%	11.2%	4.6%
Black	|	1.4%	1.3%	2.3%
Source: Office for National Statistics

At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, the Leeds urban subdivision occupied an area of and had a population of 443,247; making it the fourth most populous urban subdivision within England and the fifth largest within the United Kingdom. The population density was , slightly higher than the rest of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. It accounts for 20% of the area and 62% of the population of the City of Leeds. The population of the urban subdivision had a 100 to 93.1 female–male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 39.4% were single (never married) and 35.4% married for the first time. The urban subdivision's 188,890 households included 35% one-person, 27.9% married couples living together, 8.8% were co-habiting couples, and 5.7% single parents with their children. Leeds is the largest component of the West Yorkshire Urban Area and is counted by Eurostat as part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone. The Leeds travel to work area in 2001 included all of the City of Leeds, a northern strip of the City of Bradford, the eastern part of Kirklees, and a section of southern North Yorkshire; it occupies .

Metropolitan district

As of the 2001 UK census, the district had a total population of 715,402. Of the 301,614 households in Leeds, 33.3% were married couples living together, 31.6% were one-person households, 9.0% were co-habiting couples and 9.8% were lone parents, following a similar trend to the rest of England. The population density was and for every 100 females, there were 93.5 males.

The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as Christian. The proportion of Muslims (3.0% of the population) is average for the country. Leeds has the third-largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom, after those of London and Manchester. The areas of Alwoodley and Moortown contain sizeable Jewish populations. 16.8% of Leeds residents in the 2001 census declared themselves as having "no religion", which is broadly in line with the figure for the whole of the UK (also 8.1% "religion not stated"). The crime rate in Leeds is well above the national average, like many other English major cities. In July 2006, the think tank Reform calculated rates of crime for different offences and has related this to populations of major urban areas (defined as towns over 100,000 population). Leeds was 11th in this rating (excluding London boroughs, 23rd including London boroughs). The table below details the population of the current area of the district since 1801, including the percentage change since the last available census data.

Population growth in City of Leeds since 1801
Year	1801	1811	1821	1831	1841	1851	1861	1871	1881	1891	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001
Population
% change

Government

City of Leeds is the local government district covering Leeds and the local authority is Leeds City Council. The council is composed of 99 councillors, three for each of the city's wards. Elections are held three years out of four, on the first Thursday of May. One third of the councillors are elected, for a four year term, in each election. In 2004 all seats were up for election due to boundary changes. The council is currently under no overall control, and is run by a coalition of the Labour and Green councillors. West Yorkshire does not have a county council, so Leeds City Council is the primary provider of local government services for the city. The district is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and consists of an unparished area and 31 civil parishes. These are the lowest tier of local government and absorb some limited functions from Leeds City Council in their areas. The councils of Horsforth, Morley, Otley and Wetherby are town councils. There are 27 other civil parishes in the district.

The district is represented by eight MPs, for the constituencies of Elmet and Rothwell (Alec Shelbrooke, Conservative); Leeds Central (Hilary Benn, Labour); Leeds East (George Mudie, Labour); Leeds North East (Fabian Hamilton, Labour); Leeds North West (Greg Mulholland, Lib Dem); Leeds West (Rachel Reeves, Labour); Morley and Outwood (constituency shared with City of Wakefield) (Ed Balls, Labour); and Pudsey (Stuart Andrew, Conservative). Leeds is within the Yorkshire and the Humber European constituency, which is represented by two Conservative, one Labour, one UKIP, one Liberal Democrat and one BNP MEPs. The voting figures for Leeds in the European Parliament election in June 2009 were: Conservative 22.6%, Labour 21.4%, UKIP 15.9%, Lib Dem 13.8%, BNP 10.0%, Green 9.4%.

Economy

Leeds has a diverse economy with employment in the service sector now far exceeding that in the traditional manufacturing industries. In 2002, 401,000 employees were registered in the Leeds district. Of these 24.7% were in public administration, education and health, 23.9% were in banking, finance and insurance and 21.4% were in distribution, hotels and restaurants. It is in the banking, finance and insurance sectors that Leeds differs most from the financial structure of the region and the nation. The city is the location of one of the largest financial centres in England outside London. Tertiary industries such as retail, call centres, offices and media have contributed to a high rate of economic growth. The city also hosts the only subsidiary office of the Bank of England in the UK. In 2006 GVA for city was recorded at £16.3 billion, with the entire Leeds City Region generating an economy of £46 billion.

The extensive retail area of Leeds is identified as the principal regional shopping centre for the whole of the Yorkshire and the Humber region and approximately 3.2 million people live within its catchment area. There are a number of indoor shopping centres in the middle of the city, including the Merrion Centre, Leeds Shopping Plaza, St John's Centre, Headrow Centre, the Victoria Quarter, The Light and the Corn Exchange. In total there are approximately 1,000 retail stores, with a combined floorspace of . Of the 40,000 people who work in retailing in Leeds 75% work in places which are not located in the city centre. There are additional shopping centres located in the many villages that became part of the county borough and in the towns that were incorporated in the City of Leeds in 1974.

Office developments, also traditionally located in the inner area, have expanded south of the River Aire and total of space. In the period from 1999 to 2008 £2.5bn of property development was undertaken in central Leeds; of which £711m has been offices, £265m retail, £389m leisure and £794m housing. Manufacturing and distribution uses accounts for £26m of new property development in the period. There are 130,100 jobs in the city centre, accounting for 31% of all jobs in the wider district. In 2007, 47,500 jobs were in finance and business, 42,300 in public services, and 19,500 in retail and distribution. 43% of finance sector jobs in the district are contained in Leeds city centre and 44% of those employed in the city centre live more than nine kilometres away. Tourism is important to the Leeds economy, in 2009 Leeds was the 8th most visited city in England by UK visitors. and the 13th most visited city by overseas visitors.

In January 2011, Leeds was named as one of five "cities to watch" in a report published by Centre for Cities. The report shows that the average resident in Leeds earns £471 per week, seventeenth nationally, 30.9% of Leeds residents had NVQ4+ high level qualifications, fifteenth nationally, and Leeds' employment rate stands at 70.4% in 2010, twenty-fifth nationally, but was the only major city, along with Bristol, to have an employment rate at or above the national average. It also shows that Leeds will be the least effected major city by welfare cuts in 2014/2015, with welfare cuts of -£125 per capita predicted, compared to -£192 in Liverpool and -£175 in Glasgow. Yet despite the affluence of Leeds, much of the city retains a strongly working class tradition, and the economic progress of recent decades has also been accompanied by poverty: much of inner city Leeds remains deprived, with areas like Gipton, Middleton, Belle-Isle, Harehills, Burmantofts, Bramley, Armley, Kirkstall and Seacroft containing streets and areas of council housing that are among the poorest and most deprived areas in the whole of the UK.

Landmarks

Leeds displays a variety of natural and built landmarks. Natural landmarks include such diverse sites as the gritstone outcrop of Otley chevin and the Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve. The city's parks at Roundhay and Temple Newsam have long been owned and maintained by the council for the benefit of ratepayers and among the open spaces in the centre of Leeds are Millennium Square, Leeds City Square, Park Square and Victoria Gardens. This last is the site of the central city war memorial: there are 42 other war memorials in the suburbs, towns and villages in the district.

The built environment embraces edifices of civic pride like Morley Town Hall and the trio of buildings in Leeds, Leeds Town Hall, Corn Exchange and Leeds City Museum by the architect Cuthbert Brodrick. The two startlingly white buildings on the Leeds skyline are the Parkinson building of Leeds University and the Civic Hall, with golden owls adorning the tops of its twin spires. Armley Mills, Tower Works, with its campanile-inspired towers, and the Egyptian-style Temple Works hark back to the city's industrial past, while the site and ruins of Kirkstall Abbey display the beauty and grandeur of Cistercian architecture. Notable churches are Leeds Parish Church, St George's Church and Leeds Cathedral, in the city centre, and the Church of St John the Baptist, Adel and Bardsey Parish Church in quieter locations.

The tower of Bridgewater Place, also known as ''The Dalek'', is part of a major office and residential development and the region's tallest building; it can be seen for miles around. Among other tower blocks the 37-storey Sky Plaza to the north of the city centre stands on higher ground so that its is higher than Bridgewater Place.

Elland Road (football) and Headingley Stadium (cricket and rugby) are well known to sports enthusiasts and the White Rose Centre is a well known retail outlet.

Transport

Leeds is the starting-point of the A62, A63, A64, A65 and A660 roads, and is also situated on the A58 and A61. The M1 and M62 intersect to its south and the A1(M) passes to the east. Leeds is one of the principal hubs of the northern motorway network. Additionally, there is an urban motorway network; the radial M621 takes traffic into central Leeds from the M62 and M1. There is an Inner Ring Road with part motorway status and an Outer Ring Road. Part of the city centre is pedestrianised, and is encircled by the clockwise-only Loop Road.

thumb|left|alt=The frontage, consisting mainly three rows of glass panes, of a long building. Above the glass is a concrete section containing the words "Leeds Bradford International Airport" in capitals and, to the right, an aeroplane symbol. Beyond this, the concrete section continues diagonally downwards to the ground. To the left of this support is an entrance which cuts into six panes of the two lower rows of glass panels, and some passengers pulling suitcases are entering the building. Two smaller entrances to the left replace four of the ground-level panels. In front of these are railings. In the foreground are roads, pedestrian walkways, bollards and five large free-standing box-shaped objects.|The terminal of Leeds Bradford International Airport. Public transport in the Leeds area is coordinated and developed by West Yorkshire Metro, with service information provided by Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire Metro. The primary means of public transportation in Leeds are the bus services. The main provider is First Leeds and Arriva Yorkshire serves routes to the south of the city. Leeds City bus station is at Dyer Street and is used by bus services to towns and cities in Yorkshire, plus a small number of local services. Adjacent to it is the coach station for National Express coach services. Buses out of the city are mainly provided by FirstBus and Arriva Yorkshire. Harrogate & District provides a service to Harrogate and Ripon. Keighley & District provides a service to Shipley, Bingley and Keighley. The Yorkshire Coastliner service runs from Leeds to Bridlington, Filey, Scarborough and Whitby via York and Malton. Stagecoach provides a service to Hull via Goole.

From Leeds railway station at New Station Street, MetroTrains operated by Northern Rail run to Leeds' suburbs and onwards to all parts of Leeds City Region. The station is one of the busiest in England outside London, with over 900 trains and 50,000 passengers passing through every day. It provides national and international connections as well as services to local and regional destinations. The station itself has 17 platforms, making it the largest in England outside London.

Leeds Bradford International Airport is located in Yeadon, about to the north-west of the city centre, and has both charter and scheduled flights to destinations within Europe plus Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey and the USA. There are connections to the rest of the world via London Gatwick Airport, Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport.There is a direct rail service from Leeds to Manchester Airport. Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield is south-east of Leeds. Leeds has connections by road, rail and coach to Hull, only an hour away, from where it is possible to travel to Rotterdam and Zeebrugge by ferry services run by P&O; Ferries.

Walking

The Leeds Country Way is a waymarked circular walk of through the rural outskirts of the city, never more than from City Square. The Meanwood Valley Trail leads from Woodhouse Moor along Meanwood Beck to Golden Acre Park. The Leeds extension of the Dales Way follows the Meanwood Valley Trail before it branches off to head towards Ilkley and Windermere. Leeds is on the northern section of the Trans Pennine Trail for walkers and cyclists, and the towpath of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal is another popular walking route. In addition, there are many parks and public footpaths in both the urban and rural parts of Leeds, and the Ramblers' Association, YHA and other walking organisations offer sociable walks. The Ramblers' Association publish various booklets of walks in and around Leeds.

Education

Schools

At the time of the 2001 census Leeds had a population of 183,000 young people aged 0–19 of whom 110,000 were attending local authority schools. In 2008 Education Leeds, a non-profit company owned by Leeds City Council, provided for 220 primary schools, 39 secondary schools and 6 special inclusive learning centres. Under the government Building Schools for the Future initiative, Leeds secured £260m, to transform 13 secondary schools into high achieving, e-confident, inclusive schools. The first three of these schools at Allerton High School, Pudsey Grangefield School and Rodillian School, were opened in September 2008. Because Leeds has a falling birth rate, the council has come under pressure in recent years to reduce the number of school places resulting in the merger and closure of some schools. The city's oldest and largest private school is The Grammar School at Leeds, which was legally re-created in 2005 following the merger of Leeds Grammar School, established 1552, and Leeds Girls' High School, established 1857. Other independent schools in Leeds include faith schools serving the Jewish and Muslim communities.

Further and higher education

Further education in Leeds is provided by Leeds City College (formed by a merger in 2009 and having over 60,000 students), Leeds College of Building, Joseph Priestley College in Morley and Notre Dame Catholic Sixth Form College. The city has two universities: the University of Leeds – which received its charter in 1904 having developed from the Yorkshire College which was founded in 1874 and the Leeds School of Medicine of 1831, and Leeds Metropolitan University became a university in 1992 but can trace its roots to the Mechanics Institute of 1824. The University of Leeds has a total of about 31,000 students, of which 21,500 are full-time or sandwich undergraduate degree students, Leeds Metropolitan University has a total of 52,000 students of which 12,000 are full time or sandwich undergraduate degree students and 2,100 full time or sandwich HND students. Other higher education establishments are:Leeds Trinity University College with just under 3,000 students, Leeds College of Art, Leeds College of Music and Northern School of Contemporary Dance. The city was voted the Best UK University Destination by a survey in ''The Independent'' newspaper. The combined totals of learners give Leeds one of the largest student populations in the country with over 250,000 students.

Culture

Media

left|thumb|alt=A quirky modern five-storey building with a large sign saying "BBC Yorkshire" in black above the second-floor windows on the white-fronted facade of the lower four floors can be seen on the far side of a dual-carriageway road with a barrier along the central reservation. At right-angles to the right of the building is a tall blue slab with the letters "BBC" in white at the top. The left side of the building is mostly brick-red with a few windows, but above it is a light blue windowless section. The roof above this and the grey fifth floor of the frontage curves gently down to the rear. A lone car is driving from left to right along the road; between it and the building, temporary boards have been erected in front of a building to the left. In the top left-hand corner of the picture, part of a tall many-windowed building can be seen.|150px|BBC Yorkshire studios Yorkshire Post Newspapers Ltd, owned by Johnston Press plc, is based in the city, and produces a daily morning broadsheet, the ''Yorkshire Post'', and an evening paper, the ''Yorkshire Evening Post'' (YEP). The YEP has a website which includes a series of community pages which focus on specific areas of the city. The ''Wetherby News'' covers mainly areas within the north eastern sector of the district, and the ''Wharfedale & Airedale Observer'', published in Ilkley, covers the north west, both appearing weekly. Both of the universities have student newspapers, the weekly ''Leeds Student'' from the University of Leeds and the monthly ''The Met'' from Leeds Metropolitan University. ''The Leeds Guide'' is a fortnightly listings magazine, established in 1997. Free publications include the ''Leeds Weekly News'', produced by Yorkshire Post Newspapers in four geographic versions and distributed to households in the main urban area of the city, and the regional version of ''Metro'' which is distributed on buses and at railway stations.

Regional television and radio stations have bases in the city; BBC Television and ITV both have regional studios and broadcasting centres in Leeds. ITV Yorkshire, formerly Yorkshire Television, broadcasts from The Leeds Studios on Kirkstall Road. There are a number of independent film production companies, including the not-for-profit cooperative Leeds Animation Workshop, founded in 1978; community video producers Vera Media and several small commercial production companies. BBC Radio Leeds, Radio Aire, Magic 828, Capital Yorkshire, Real Radio and Yorkshire Radio broadcast from the city. LSRfm.com, is based in Leeds University Union, and regularly hosts outside broadcasts around the city. Many communities within Leeds now have their own local radio stations, such as East Leeds FM and Tempo FM for Wetherby and the surrounding areas. Leeds also has its own privately owned television station: Leeds Television is run by volunteers and supported by professionals in the media industry.

Museums

A new Leeds City Museum opened in 2008 in Millennium Square. Abbey House Museum is housed in the former gatehouse of Kirkstall Abbey, and includes walk-through Victorian streets and galleries describing the history of the abbey, childhood, and Victorian Leeds. Armley Mills Industrial Museum is housed in what was once the world's largest woollen mill, and includes industrial machinery and railway locomotives. This museum also shows the first known moving pictures in the world which were taken in the city, by Louis Le Prince, of a ''Roundhay Garden Scene'' and of ''Leeds Bridge'' in 1888. Thwaite Mills Watermill Museum is a fully restored 1820s water-powered mill on the river Aire to the east of the city centre. The Thackray Museum is a museum of the history of medicine, featuring topics such as Victorian public health, pre-anaesthesia surgery, and safety in childbirth. It is housed in a former workhouse next to St James's hospital. The Royal Armouries Museum opened in 1996 in a dramatic modern building when this part of the national collection was transferred from the Tower of London. Leeds Art Gallery reopened in June 2007 after a major renovation, and houses important collections of traditional and contemporary British art. Smaller museums in Leeds include Otley Museum, Horsforth Village Museum, the University of Leeds Textile Archive (ULITA), and the museum at Fulneck Moravian Settlement.

Music, theatre and dance

Leeds is home to the Grand Theatre where Opera North is based, this establishment seats 1,500 people and has recently undergone a £31.5m refurbishment. The City Varieties Music Hall, which hosted performances by Charlie Chaplin and Harry Houdini and was also the venue of the BBC television programme ''The Good Old Days'', and West Yorkshire Playhouse.

Leeds is also home to Phoenix Dance Theatre, who were formed in the Harehills area of the city in 1981, and Northern Ballet Theatre. In autumn 2010 the two companies moved into a purpose-built dance centre which is the largest space for dance outside of London. It is also the only space for dance to house a national classical and a national contemporary dance company alongside each another.

Construction of the Leeds Arena is currently under way in the city centre. Due for completion in 2013, the 13,500 seater stadium will become the city's number one venue for live music, indoor sports and many other events. Concerts are currently held at the O2 Academy, Elland Road and at both universities. Roundhay Park in north Leeds has seen some of the world's biggest artists including Michael Jackson, Madonna and Robbie Williams among others.

Popular musical acts originating from Leeds include The Pigeon Detectives, The Wedding Present, Soft Cell, The Sunshine Underground, The Sisters of Mercy, Hadouken!, Kaiser Chiefs, Corinne Bailey Rae, Gang of Four, The Rhythm Sisters, Utah Saints and Melanie B of the Spice Girls.

Carnivals and festivals

Leeds Carnival is Western Europe's oldest West Indian Carnival, and the UK's second largest after Notting Hill Carnival. It attracts around 100,000 people over 3 days to the streets of Chapeltown and Harehills. There is a large procession that finishes at Potternewton Park, where there are stalls, entertainment and refreshments. The Leeds Festival, featuring some of the biggest names in rock and indie music, takes place every year in Bramham Park. The Leeds Asian Festival, formerly the Leeds Mela, is held in Roundhay Park. The Otley Folk Festival (patron: Nic Jones), Walking Festival, Carnival and Victorian Christmas Fayre are annual events. Light Night Leeds takes place each October, and many venues in the city are open to the public for Heritage Open Days in September. The Leeds International Pianoforte Competition, established in 1963 by Fanny Waterman and Marion Stein, has been held in the city every three years since 1963 and has launched the careers of many major concert pianists. The Leeds International Concert Season, which includes orchestral and choral concerts in Leeds Town Hall and other events, is the largest local authority music programme in the UK.

The Leeds International Film Festival is the largest film festival in England outside London and shows films from around the world. It incorporates the highly successful ''Leeds Young People's Film Festival'', which features exciting and innovative films made both for and by children and young people. Garforth is host to the fortnight long festival The Garforth Arts Festival which has been an annual event since 2005. Leeds Festival Fringe is a week long music festival created in 2010 to showcase local talent in the week prior to Leeds Festival.

Nightlife

Leeds has a very large student population, resulting in a large number of pubs, bars, nightclubs and restaurants, as well as a multitude of venues for live music. The full range of music tastes is catered for in Leeds. It includes the original home of the club nights Back 2 Basics and Speedqueen. Morley was the location of techno club The Orbit. Leeds has number of large 'super-clubs' and there is a selection of independent clubs such as Mission and Mint Club, which was voted as the 24th best club in the world by DJ Magazine.

Leeds has a well established gay nightlife scene. The Bridge Inn and The New Penny, both on Call Lane, have long been gay night spots.

Towards Millennium Square and the Civic or Northern Quarter, is a growing entertainment district providing for both students and weekend visitors. The square has many bars and restaurants and a large outdoor screen mounted on the side of the Civic Theatre. Millennium Square is a venue for large seasonal events such as a Christmas market, gigs and concerts, citywide parties and the Rhythms of the City Festival. It is adjacent to the Mandela Gardens, which were opened by Nelson Mandela in 2001. A number of public art features, fountains, a canal and greenery can be found here as an oasis amongst the city centre excitement.

Yorkshire has a great history of real ale, but several bars near the railway station are fusing traditional beers with a modern bar. Popular bars such as this include; The Hop, The Cross Keys and The Brewery Tap.

Sports

The city has teams representing all the major national sports. Leeds United A.F.C. is the city's main football club. Leeds Rhinos (Rugby League), Leeds Carnegie (Rugby Union) and Yorkshire County Cricket Club are also based in the city.

Leeds United was formed in 1919 and plays at the 40,000 capacity Elland Road stadium in Beeston. The team plays in The Championship but has been English league champions three times and has FA Cup, Football League Cup and UEFA Cup honours to its name.

Leeds Rhinos are the most successful rugby league team in Leeds. In 2009 they became first club to be Super League champions three seasons running, giving them their fourth Super League title. They play their home games at the Headingley Carnegie Stadium. Hunslet Hawks, based at the John Charles Centre for Sport play in Co-Operative Championship One. Bramley Buffaloes and Leeds Akkies are members of the Rugby League Conference.

Leeds Carnegie, formerly known as ''Leeds Tykes'', are the foremost rugby union team in Leeds and they play at Headingley Carnegie Stadium. They play in National League 1 having been relegated from The Guinness Premiership at the end of the 2010–11 season. Otley R.U.F.C. are a rugby union club based to the north of the city and also compete in National Division One, whilst Morley R.F.C., located in Morley currently play in National Division Three North.

Leeds United L.F.C. are the best-placed women's football team in Leeds, competing at the highest level in England, the FA Women's Premier League National Division. Leeds City Athletic Club competes in the British Athletics League and UK Women's League as well as the Northern Athletics League.

The city has a wealth of sports facilities including the Elland Road football stadium, a host stadium during the 1996 European Football Championship; the Headingley Carnegie Stadiums, adjacent stadia world famous for both cricket and rugby league and the John Charles Centre for Sport with an Olympic sized pool in its Aquatics Centre and includes a multi-use stadium. Other facilities include the Leeds Wall (climbing) and Yeadon Tarn sailing centre. In 1929 the first Ryder Cup of Golf to be held on British soil was competed for at the Moortown Golf club in Leeds and Wetherby has a National Hunt racecourse. In the period 1928 to 1939 speedway racing was staged in Leeds on a track at the greyhound stadium in Elland Road. The track entered a team in the 1931 Northern league.

Leeds Teams

Club	League	Venue	Location	Established	Top Flight Championships
Leeds United AFC	Football League Championship Football	Elland Road Stadium	Beeston, Leeds	1919	3
Leeds Rhinos	Super League Rugby League	Headingley Stadium	Headingley, Leeds	1870	7
Hunslet Hawks	Championship One Rugby League	John Charles Centre for Sport	Hunslet, West Yorkshire	1883	2
Leeds Carnegie	RFU Championship Rugby Union	Headingley Stadium	Headingley, Leeds	1991	0
Yorkshire County Cricket Club	County Championship Cricket	Headingley Stadium	Headingley, Leeds	1863	31

Religion

The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as Christian. Leeds does not have a Church of England Cathedral because Leeds is part of the Anglican Diocese of Ripon and Leeds and the Cathedral for this Diocese is in Ripon; the Bishop's residence has been in Leeds since 2008. The most important Anglican church is the Leeds Parish Church, although St. George's has the largest congregation by far. Leeds has a Roman Catholic Cathedral, the Episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds. Many other Christian denominations and new religious movements are established in Leeds, including Assembly of God, Baptist, Christian Scientist, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ("LDS Church", see also Mormon), Community of Christ, Greek Orthodox, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jesus Army, Lutheran, Methodist, Nazarene, Newfrontiers network, Pentecostal, Salvation Army, Seventh-Day Adventist, Society of Friends ("Quakers"), Unitarian, United Reformed, Vineyard, Wesleyan Church, an ecumenical Chinese church, and several independent churches. The proportion of Muslims in Leeds is average for the country. Mosques can be found throughout the city, serving Muslim communities in Chapeltown, Harehills, Hyde Park and parts of Beeston. The largest mosque is Leeds Grand Mosque in Hyde Park. The Sikh community is represented by Gurudwaras (Temples) spread across the city, the largest being in Chapeltown. There is also a colourful religious annual procession, called the Nagar Kirtan, into Millennium Square in the city centre around 13–14 April to celebrate Baisakhi – the Sikh New Year and the birth of the religion. It is estimated that around 3,000 Sikhs in Leeds take part in this annual event.

Leeds has the third-largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom, after those of London and Manchester. The areas of Alwoodley and Moortown contain sizeable Jewish populations. There are eight active synagogues in Leeds. The small Hindu community in Leeds has a temple (mandir) at Hyde Park. The temple has all the major Hindu deities and is dedicated to the Lord Mahavira of the Jains. Various Buddhist traditions are represented in Leeds, including: Soka Gakkai, Theravada, Tibetan, Triratna Buddhist Community and Zen. The Buddhist community (sangha) comes together to celebrate the major festival of Wesak in May. There is also a community of the Bahai Faith in Leeds.

Public services

Water supply and sewerage in Leeds is provided by Yorkshire Water, part of the Kelda Group. Prior to 1973 it had been provided by the Leeds Corporation. Leeds City Council has a target of 11MW of renewable energy from onshore wind by 2010 and an aspirational target of 75MW by 2020. There are currently no operational wind farms in Leeds. The area is policed by the West Yorkshire Police. The force has eight divisions, three of which cover Leeds: AA "North West Leeds Division" covering north and west Leeds with a station at Weetwood; BA "North East Leeds Division", covering north east Leeds with stations at Stainbeck near Chapel Allerton and Killingbeck; CA "City and Holbeck Division" covering central and south Leeds with stations at Millgarth (city centre) and Holbeck. Fire and rescue services are provided by the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service. The fire stations in Leeds are: Cookridge, Gipton, Hunslet, Swarcliffe, Moortown, and the "Leeds" fire station (near city centre, on Kirkstall Road).

Health services are provided by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Primary Care Trust and Leeds Partnerships NHS Foundation Trust which provides mental health services. Leeds General Infirmary ("LGI") is a listed building with more recent additions and is in the city centre. St James's University Hospital, Leeds, known locally as "Jimmy's" is to the north east of the city centre and is the largest teaching hospital in Europe. Other NHS hospitals are Chapel Allerton Hospital, Seacroft Hospital, Wharfedale Hospital in Otley, and Leeds Dental Institute. The new NHS Leeds Website provides information on NHS services in Leeds.

West Yorkshire Joint Services provides analytical, archaeological, archives, ecology, materials testing and trading standards services in Leeds and the other four districts of West Yorkshire. It was created following the abolition of the county council in 1986 and expanded in 1997, and is funded by the five district councils, pro rata to their population. The Leeds site of the archives service is in the former public library at Sheepscar, Leeds.

Leeds City Council is responsible for over 50 public libraries across the whole city, including 5 mobile libraries. The main Central Library is located on the Headrow in the city centre.

Twin towns

The City has several twinning or partnership arrangements: {| |- | valign="top" | Brno, Czech Republic Colombo, Sri Lanka Dortmund, Germany Durban, South Africa | valign="top" | Hangzhou, China Lille, France Louisville, United States Siegen, Germany |}

The city also has "strong contacts" with the following cities "for the purposes of ongoing projects": {| |- | valign="top" | Braşov, Romania St Mary, Jamaica | valign="top" | Stockholm, Sweden |}

See also

List of people from Leeds

References and notes

;Bibliography

External links

'Leeds Initiative' Leeds Initiative city partnership.

Leeds City Council Leeds City Council.

Leodis Leeds Library & Information Service photograph archive.

'Leeds Chamber of Commerce & Industry' Leeds Chamber of Commerce & Industry

(see Genuki's index or map of West Riding parishes for places outside this parish)

Category:Leeds City Region Category:University towns in the United Kingdom Category:Market towns in West Yorkshire Category:Towns in West Yorkshire

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name	Gary Speed
fullname	Gary Andrew Speed
dateofbirth	September 08, 1969
dateofdeath	November 27, 2011
cityofbirth	Mancot
countryofbirth	Wales
cityofdeath	Huntington
countryofdeath	England
height
position	Midfielder
youthyears1	?–1988
youthclubs1	Leeds United
years1	1988–1996
years2	1996–1998
years3	1998–2004
years4	2004–2008
years5	2008–2010
clubs1	Leeds United
clubs2	Everton
clubs3	Newcastle United
clubs4	Bolton Wanderers
clubs5	Sheffield United
caps1	248
caps2	58
caps3	213
caps4	121
caps5	37
goals1	39
goals2	15
goals3	29
goals4	14
goals5	6
totalcaps	677
totalgoals	103
nationalyears2	1990–2004
nationalteam1	Wales U21
nationalteam2	Wales
nationalcaps1	3
nationalcaps2	85
nationalgoals1	0
nationalgoals2	7
manageryears1	2010
managerclubs1	Sheffield United
manageryears2	2010–2011
managerclubs2	Wales }}

Gary Andrew Speed, MBE (8 September 1969 – 27 November 2011) was a Welsh football player and manager. He was captain of the Wales national football team until he retired from international football in 2004 and he remains the most capped outfield player for Wales and the second overall, having appeared 85 times at senior level between 1990 and 2004.

Speed played professionally for Leeds United, Everton, Newcastle United, Bolton Wanderers and Sheffield United. Rarely troubled by injury or suspension, he held the record for the most appearances in the FA Premier League at 535, until it was surpassed by David James.

Speed was appointed manager of Sheffield United in 2010, but he left the club after a few months in December 2010 to manage the Wales national football team.

Speed's death was announced by the Football Association of Wales on 27 November 2011. Throughout the day many tributes came out for him from various figures in football as well as many national figures in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom.

Personal life

Born in Mancot, Wales, Speed attended Hawarden High School as a child. He supported Everton as a youngster. Speed was married to Louise from 1996 until his death. The couple had two children, Tommy and Eddie. Speed was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours.

Playing style and reputation

Speed was a versatile player who could play in left midfield, central midfield, and also at left-back. He possessed great tactical awareness, and could both create and score goals. Regularly a captain, he was said by his teammates to to have been an 'inspirational figure' who led by example and demanded the best from those around him.

He was well known as a 'consummate professional' both on and off the field. He was not blessed with exceptional talent at a young age, but instead developed his technique through many hours of hard work on the training field. He had a reputation as an extremely fit footballer who looked after his body. He had a modern approach to diet and fitness, a rare quality amongst players of his generation. His level of fitness allowed him to avoid injury and to continue playing until the age of 39; he rarely missed a game.

He also had a reputation as a friendly and supportive person, who cared for and took an interest in the lives of the people around him; his 'nice guy' persona made him a popular and well respected figure amongst his peers.

Club career

Leeds United

Speed began his career with Leeds United as a trainee, signing a professional contract on 13 June 1988. He made his first team debut when he was aged 19. He went on to play a key role as they won the Football League First Division championship title in 1992 as part of a midfield that also comprised Gordon Strachan, Gary McAllister and David Batty. Speed featured in the 1996 Football League Cup Final defeat by Aston Villa.

Everton

Speed moved to Everton in 1996, for a fee of £3.5 million. He scored on his debut versus Newcastle United on 17 August 1996. He was installed as captain of the club by then manager Howard Kendall prior to the 1997–98 FA Premier League season.

He left the club in controversial circumstances and the reasons were never revealed. He told the ''Liverpool Echo'': "You know why I’m leaving, but I can’t explain myself publicly because it would damage the good name of Everton Football Club and I’m not prepared to do that."

Newcastle United

Speed was club captain at Everton, but moved to Newcastle United in 1998 for a fee of £5.5 million, in controversial circumstances. Speed featured in the club's FA Cup Final defeats by Arsenal in 1998 and by Manchester United in 1999. He also played in the UEFA Champions League with Newcastle in the 2002–03 season.

Newcastle's manager, Sir Bobby Robson, was sorry to see Speed leave the club, and acknowledged that he would do very well for Bolton Wanderers.

Bolton Wanderers

Speed moved to Bolton Wanderers on a two-year deal in a £750,000 switch from Newcastle United in July 2004. He became the first player to make 500 Premier League appearances when he played in Bolton's 4–0 victory over West Ham United in December 2006.

On 1 May 2007, Speed was named as the first team coach for Bolton after Sam Allardyce stepped down from his job as manager. However, in October he left the coaching job and returned to being just a player with the club. Conflicting reports of the incident claimed then manager Sammy Lee relieved him of his duties to concentrate on playing but Speed, in an interview with the Bolton News, claimed he chose to step down.

Speed scored a header for Bolton against Reading on 25 August 2007, making him, at the time, the only player to have scored in every Premiership season to date. Ryan Giggs later matched this achievement on 20 October 2007, and passed it on 8 February 2009. It had been reported in December 2007 that Speed was a target for Derby County, but it was confirmed on 24 December 2007 that he would join Sheffield United on loan on 1 January 2008, with a view to a permanent move for a fee of about £250,000.

Sheffield United

Speed made his first team debut on the day of his transfer – being named in the starting eleven for a 0–0 away draw against Wolverhampton Wanderers on New Year's Day 2008. He played regularly for the rest of the season and deputised as captain when Chris Morgan was unavailable. Having seen his penalty parried Speed netted the rebound to score his first goal for the Blades in a victory over Coventry in March of that year. He went on to finish the season on three goals for the Blades, scoring both goals in a 2–1 home victory over Bristol City in the penultimate game of the 2007–08 season. In an interview with BBC Wales on 10 May 2008, Speed hinted that the 2008–09 season may be his last playing before moving into coaching or management but stated that he had not yet made up his mind.

Speed started the next season as a regular fixture in the Blades midfield but succumbed to a back injury in November. Despite undergoing surgery to correct the problem he failed to regain his fitness and missed the rest of the season, concentrating instead on a coaching role at the club. In June 2009, he was approached by Swansea City with regards to taking on the managerial role left vacant by Roberto Martinez.

At the end of October 2009, Speed stated that "'I'm 40, I haven't played for a year and you can take what you want from that. I'm not missing playing because I'm enjoying the other side so much", although he revealed he was still in training, in preparation for running the 2010 London Marathon in aid of the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation, the cancer charity founded by Speed's former Newcastle manager, who had died on 31 July 2009 after a long battle against the illness.

Speed finally announced his retirement from playing in his 41st year, but agreed to remain at Sheffield United for at least one more season as a coach. Despite this he was again registered as a player and was named on the bench for the first round League Cup game against Hartlepool United at the outset of the following season.

International career

Speed was capped by Wales at youth and under-21 levels, earning three caps for the latter. He had been capped for Wales 85 times, second in the all-time list only to Neville Southall and is currently ranked sixth by members of the general public in the Best Welsh Football Players list. He retired from international football in 2004 after the side's 3–2 defeat to Poland in a 2006 World Cup qualifier. His first appearance for the national side had come on 20 May 1990 in a 1–0 friendly win against Costa Rica at Ninian Park.

After his retirement from international football, he was recommended by both the former manager Mark Hughes and fellow Welsh midfielder Robbie Savage as a future Welsh national team manager.

Managerial career

With the 2010–11 season only three games old Sheffield United manager Kevin Blackwell was sacked with Speed being confirmed as the club's new manager on a three year contract a few days later. On 21 October 2010, Speed was given a one game touchline ban and a £2,000 fine by the Football Association for his unsupportive behaviour at the home fixture against Watford on 2 October 2010. On 11 December 2010, Speed was linked with the vacant Wales manager job. Sheffield United confirmed that they had given Speed permission to talk to the Football Association of Wales over the vacant position. He was confirmed as the new Welsh national team manager on 14 December 2010, succeeding John Toshack who stepped down in September 2010, Sheffield United released him from his contract after compensation was paid by the FAW.

Speed's first game as Wales manager was 8 February 2011 against the Republic of Ireland in the inaugural Nations Cup, which Ireland won 3–0. Speed's first competitive match was the Euro 2012 qualifier at home to England which Wales lost 2–0. In August 2011 Wales attained their lowest ever FIFA ranking of 117th. This was followed by a 2–1 home win against Montenegro, a 1–0 away loss to England, a 2–0 home win against Switzerlandand a 1–0 away win against Bulgaria. Consequently in October 2011, Wales were ranked 45th in the world by FIFA. Speed's last game as manager of Wales was on 12 November 2011, a 4–1 win against Norway.

Death

On 27 November 2011, the Football Association of Wales announced that Speed had died. ''The Telegraph'' and ''ITN'' reported that Speed had died of suicide by hanging at his home in Huntington, Cheshire. Cheshire Constabulary announced that they were not treating Speed's death as suspicious. Friends reported their shock at the news; Speed had appeared as a guest on BBC One's ''Football Focus'' only hours before his death.

Tributes

On the day of Speed's death football was said to have "united in grief and to pay tribute to him". The news was first announced by the Football Association of Wales and they extended their sympathies and condolences to Speed's family. Throughout the day similar messages were released from many people within football as well as national figures in Wales and the rest of the United Kingdom. Prime Minister David Cameron and Leader of the Opposition Ed Miliband both released messages conveying their sadness at Speed's death as well as their condolences to his family. First Minister of Wales Carwyn Jones released a similar message, as did Welsh Secretary Cheryl Gillan and Welsh Conservative Party leader Andrew RT Davies. A huge number of tributes from across football came in throughout the day for Speed. Close friends and former team-mates such as Robbie Savage, Ryan Giggs, Simon Grayson, Alan Shearer and John Hartson all expressed their deep sorrow at his death.

The match between Aston Villa and Swansea City, held only hours after Speed's death was announced, was dedicated to his memory. A minutes silence was to be held before the match. However, the fans applauded instead and sang Speed's name. Several players who played in the match had been severely affected by the news. Four Welsh internationals played in the match; Ashley Williams, Neil Taylor and Joe Allen, of Swansea, all played under Speed for Wales and Allen in particular was said to be struggling with the news. James Collins was the other Welsh international and he had also played with Speed at international level. Collins' Villa team mates Shay Given and Jermaine Jenas had both played with Speed at Newcastle United and both were very badly affected by the news. Given openly wept during and after the minutes applause. Both managers, Alex McLeish and Brendan Rodgers paid tribute to Speed. Rodgers, who had spoken to Speed a lot since he had become Wales manager, said that the game had lost a legend while Neil Taylor said that he hoped Wales could qualify for the 2014 World Cup to honour him.

Along with this match, several others saw tributes toward Speed. The only other Premier League match played that day was between Liverpool and Manchester City. Craig Bellamy was withdrawn from Liverpool's squad by Kenny Dalglish as he was too affected by news of his former teammate, at club as well as country, to play. Dalglish himself had managed Speed and expressed his sadness at the news. Saying that he thought Speed was a great footballer but also a great person. Another of Speed's former team mates, Hugo Viana paid tribute to him. The Portugese international was another who had played alongside Speed at Newcastle. After his team, Braga, had lost 3–2 to Porto Viana displayed a shirt reading "Gary Rest in Peace"

Internationally, FIFA President Joseph Blatter paid tribute to Gary Speed as "a model professional and a fantastic ambassador for the game". Both the FIFA and Welsh flags at FIFA's headquarters were at half mast as a mark of respect.

Honours

Club

;Leeds United

Football League First Division champions: 1991–92

FA Charity Shield winners: 1992

League Cup finalists: 1996

Football League Second Division champions: 1989–90

;Newcastle United

FA Cup finalists: 1998, 1999

UEFA Intertoto Cup finalists: 2001

Premier League Asia Trophy finalists: 2003

;Bolton Wanderers

League Cup finalists: 2004

Premier League Asia Trophy winners: 2005

Individual

PFA Team of the Year: 1993

Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2001–02): Most Appearances (352)

International goals

Stadionul Republican 6 September 1995 29 March 1997 2 September 2000 20 November 2002 29 March 2003 4 September 2004

# !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Result !! Competition !! Scored
1	12 October 1994	Republican Stadium, Chisinau ||		2–3	UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying>1996 European Cup qualification	1
2	|	Cardiff Arms Park>National Stadium, Cardiff		1–0	UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying>1996 European Cup qualification	1
3	|	Cardiff Arms Park>National Stadium, Cardiff		1–2	1998 FIFA World Cup qualification>1998 World Cup qualification	1
4	|	Dynama Stadium (Minsk)>Dynama Stadium, Minsk		2–1	2002 FIFA World Cup qualification>2002 World Cup qualification	1
5	|	Tofig Bahramov Stadium, Baku		2–0	UEFA Euro 2004 qualification>2004 European Cup qualification	1
6	|	Millennium Stadium, Cardiff		4–0	2006 FIFA World Cup qualification>2006 World Cup qualification	1
7	|	Tofig Bahramov Stadium, Baku		1–1	2006 FIFA World Cup qualification>2006 World Cup qualification	1

Career statistics

Playing statistics

{|border=1 cellpadding=6 cellspacing=2 style="background: ivory; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; clear:center" |+ Club performance |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Division !rowspan="2"|Season(s) !colspan="2"|League !colspan="2"|FA Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Leeds United |First Division / Premier League |1988–89 to 1995–96 |align="center"|248 |align="center"|39 |align="center"|21 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|26 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|17 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|312 |align="center"|57 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Everton |Premier League |1996–97 to 1997–98 |align="center"|58 |align="center"|15 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|65 |align="center"|17 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Newcastle United |Premier League |1997–98 to 2003–04 |align="center"|213 |align="center"|29 |align="center"|22 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|38 |align="center"|5 |align="center"|284 |align="center"|40 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Bolton Wanderers |Premier League |2004–05 to 2007–08 |align="center"|121 |align="center"|14 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|4 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|8 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|139 |align="center"|14 |- |rowspan="1" align=center valign=top|Sheffield United |Championship |2007–08 to 2009–10 |align="center"|37 |align="center"|6 |align="center"|2 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|1 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|0 |align="center"|40 |align="center"|6 |- |colspan=3|Career totals |align="center"|677 |align="center"|103 |align="center"|53 |align="center"|11 |align="center"|47 |align="center"|13 |align="center"|63 |align="center"|7 |align="center"|840 |align="center"|134 |- |}

Managerial statistics

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
!G!!W!!D!!L!!GF!!GA!!GD!!Win %
align=left
align=left
Total

References

External links

International career details

Newcastle United career details

Category:1969 births Category:People from Flintshire Category:2011 deaths Category:Suicides by hanging in England Category:Association football players who committed suicide Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:Welsh footballers Category:Wales youth international footballers Category:Wales under-21 international footballers Category:Wales international footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:Association football utility players Category:Leeds United A.F.C. players Category:Everton F.C. players Category:Newcastle United F.C. players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff Category:Sheffield United F.C. players Category:Premier League players Category:The Football League players Category:Welsh football managers Category:Sheffield United F.C. managers Category:Wales national football team managers Category:The Football League managers

ar:غاري سبيد bg:Гари Спийд cy:Gary Speed da:Gary Speed de:Gary Speed et:Gary Speed es:Gary Speed fr:Gary Speed ga:Gary Speed gd:Gary Speed gl:Gary Speed it:Gary Speed he:גארי ספיד lv:Garijs Spīds hu:Gary Speed ms:Gary Speed nl:Gary Speed ja:ガリー・スピード no:Gary Speed pl:Gary Speed pt:Gary Speed ru:Спид, Гэри fi:Gary Speed sv:Gary Speed vi:Gary Speed zh:加里·斯皮德

Name	Thierry Henry
Fullname	Thierry Daniel Henry
Dateofbirth	August 17, 1977
Cityofbirth	Les Ulis, Essonne
Countryofbirth	France
Height
Position	Striker
Currentclub	Arsenal(on loan from New York Red Bulls)
Clubnumber	12
Youthyears1	1983–1989
Youthclubs1	CO Les Ulis
Youthyears2	1989–1990
Youthclubs2	US Palaiseau
Youthyears3	1990–1992
Youthclubs3	Viry-Châtillon
Youthyears4	1992
Youthclubs4	Clairefontaine
Youthyears5	1992–1994
Youthclubs5	Monaco
Years1	1994–1999
Clubs1	Monaco
Caps1	105
Goals1	20
Years2	1999
Clubs2	Juventus
Caps2	16
Goals2	3
Years3	1999–2007
Clubs3	Arsenal
Caps3	254
Goals3	174
Years4	2007–2010
Clubs4	Barcelona
Caps4	80
Goals4	35
Years5	2010–
Clubs5	New York Red Bulls
Caps5	37
Goals5	16
Years6	2012–
Clubs6	→ Arsenal (loan)
Caps6	1
Goals6	0
Nationalyears1	1997
Nationalteam1	France U20
Nationalyears2	1997–2010
Nationalcaps1	5
Nationalgoals1	3
Nationalteam2	France
Nationalcaps2	123
Nationalgoals2	51
Pcupdate	02:10, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
Ntupdate	02:10, 16 January 2012 (UTC) }}

Thierry Daniel Henry (; born 17 August 1977) is a French footballer who plays for Arsenal as a striker, on loan from New York Red Bulls.

Henry was born in Les Ulis, Essonne (a suburb of Paris) where he played for an array of local sides as a youngster and showed great promise as a goal-scorer. He was spotted by AS Monaco in 1990 and signed instantly, making his professional debut in 1994. Good form led to an international call-up in 1998, after which he signed for the Serie A defending champions Juventus. He had a disappointing season playing on the wing, before joining Arsenal for £11 million in 1999.

It was at Arsenal that Henry made his name as a world-class footballer. Despite initially struggling in the Premier League, he emerged as Arsenal's top goal-scorer for almost every season of his tenure there. Under long-time mentor and coach Arsène Wenger, Henry became a prolific striker and Arsenal's all-time leading scorer with 227 goals in all competitions. The Frenchman won two league titles and three FA Cups with the Gunners; he was nominated for the FIFA World Player of the Year twice, was named the PFA Players' Player of the Year twice, and the FWA Footballer of the Year three times. Henry spent his final two seasons with Arsenal as club captain, leading them to the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final.

In June 2007, after eight years with Arsenal, he transferred to Barcelona for a fee of €24 million. His first honours with the Catalan club came in 2009 when they won the La Liga, Copa del Rey and Champions League treble. He went on to achieve an unprecedented sextuple by also winning the Supercopa de España, the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup. In total, Henry has been named in the UEFA Team of the Year five times. In 2010, he joined the New York Red Bulls of the Major League Soccer, and won the Eastern Conference title with them in 2010.

Henry enjoyed similar success with the French national team, having won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2000 and 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup. In October 2007, he surpassed Michel Platini's record to become France's top goal-scorer of all time. Henry retired from international football after the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Off the pitch, Henry is an active spokesperson against racism in football, partially due to his own experiences. He married English model Nicole Merry in 2003 and had a daughter with her, but they divorced in 2007. Henry was also one of the top commercially marketed footballers; he was ranked ninth in the world in 2006.

Early years

Henry is of Antillean heritage: his father, Antoine, is from Guadeloupe (La Désirade island), and his mother, Maryse, is from Martinique. He was born and raised in Les Ulis suburb of Paris which, despite sometimes being seen as a tough neighbourhood, provided good footballing facilities. As a seven-year-old, Henry showed great potential, prompting Claude Chezelle to recruit him to the local club CO Les Ulis. His father pressured him to attend training, although the youngster was not particularly drawn to football. He joined US Palaiseau in 1989, but after a year his father fell out with the club, so Henry moved to ES Viry-Châtillon and played there for two years. US Palaiseau coach Jean-Marie Panza, Henry's future mentor, followed him there.

Club career

Monaco (1992–1999) and Juventus (1999)

In 1990, Monaco sent scout Arnold Catalano to watch Henry, then at the age of 13 in a match. Henry scored all six goals as his side won 6–0. Catalano asked him to join Monaco without even attending a trial first. Catalano requested that Henry complete a course at the elite Clairefontaine academy, and despite the director's reluctance to admit Henry due to his poor school results, he was allowed to complete the course and joined Arsène Wenger's Monaco as a youth player. Subsequently, Henry signed professional forms with Monaco, and made his professional debut on 31 August 1994, in a 2–0 loss against Nice. Wenger put Henry on the left wing because he believed that his pace, natural ball control and skill would be more effective against full-backs than centre-backs. In his first season with Monaco, Henry scored three goals in 18 appearances.

Wenger continued to search for the perfect playing position for Henry, and suspected that he should be deployed as a striker instead, but he was unsure. Under the tutelage of his manager, Henry was named the French Young Footballer of the Year in 1996, and in the 1996–97 season, his solid performances helped the club win the Ligue 1 title. During the 1997–98 season, he was instrumental in leading his club to the UEFA Champions League semi-final, setting a French record by scoring seven goals in the competition. By his third season, he had received his first cap for the national team, and was part of the winning team in the 1998 FIFA World Cup. He continued to impress at his tenure with Monaco, and in his five seasons with the French club, the young winger scored 20 league goals in 105 appearances.

Henry left Monaco in January 1999, one year before his friend and teammate David Trezeguet, and moved to Italian Serie A club Juventus for £10.5 million. He played on the wing, but he was ineffective against the Serie A defensive discipline in a position uncharacteristic for him, and scored just three goals in 16 appearances.

Arsenal (1999–2007)

Unsettled in Italy, Henry transferred from Juventus on 3 August 1999 to Arsenal for an estimated fee of £11 million, reuniting with his former manager Arsène Wenger. It was at Arsenal that Henry made his name as a world-class footballer, and although his transfer was not without controversy, Wenger was convinced he was worth the transfer fee. Brought in as a replacement for fellow French forward Nicolas Anelka, Henry was immediately moulded into a striker by Wenger, a move that would pay rich dividends in years to come. However, doubts were raised about his ability to adapt to the quick and physical English game when he failed to score in his first eight games. After several difficult months in England, Henry even conceded that he had to "be re-taught everything about the art of striking." These doubts were dispelled when he ended his first season at Arsenal with an impressive goal tally of 26. Arsenal finished second in the league behind Manchester United, and lost in the UEFA Cup Final against Turkish side Galatasaray.

Coming off the back of a victorious UEFA Euro 2000 campaign with the national team, Henry was ready to make an impact in the 2000–01 season. Despite recording fewer goals and assists than his first season, Henry's second season with Arsenal proved to be a breakthrough, as he became the club's top goalscorer. Armed with one of the league's best attacks, Arsenal closed in quickly on perennial rivals Manchester United for the league title. Henry remained frustrated, however, by the fact that he had yet to help the club win honours, and frequently expressed his desire to establish Arsenal as a powerhouse.

Success finally arrived during the 2001–02 season. Arsenal finished seven points above Liverpool to win the league title, and defeated Chelsea 2–0 in the FA Cup Final. Henry became the league's top goal-scorer and netted 32 goals in all competitions as he led Arsenal to a double and his first silverware with the club. There was much expectation that Henry would replicate his club form for France during the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but the defending champions suffered a shock exit at the group stage.

2002–03 proved to be another productive season for Henry, as he scored 32 goals in all competitions while contributing 23 assists—remarkable returns for a striker. In doing so, he led Arsenal to another FA Cup triumph (where he was man-of-the-match in the Final), although Arsenal failed to retain their Premier League crown. Throughout the season, he competed with Manchester United's Ruud van Nistelrooy for the league scoring title, but the latter edged Henry to the title by a goal. Nonetheless, Henry was named both the PFA Players' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year. His rising status as one of the world's best footballers was affirmed when he emerged runner-up for the 2003 FIFA World Player of the Year award.

Entering the 2003–04 season, Arsenal were determined to reclaim the Premier League crown. Henry was again instrumental in Arsenal's exceptionally successful campaign; together with the likes of Dennis Bergkamp, Patrick Vieira and Robert Pirès, Henry ensured that ''the Gunners'' became the first team in more than a century to go through the entire domestic league season unbeaten, claiming the league title in the process. Apart from being named for the second year running as the PFA Players' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year, Henry emerged once again as the runner-up for 2004 FIFA World Player of the Year award. With 39 goals scored in all competitions, the Frenchman led the league in goals scored and won the European Golden Boot. However, as was the case in 2002, Henry was unable to lead the national side to honours during UEFA Euro 2004.

This dip in success was compounded when Arsenal failed again to secure back-to-back league titles when they lost out to Chelsea in the 2004–05 season, although Arsenal did win the FA Cup (the Final of which Henry missed through injury). Henry maintained his reputation as one of Europe's most feared strikers as he led the league in scoring, and with 31 goals in all competitions, he was the co-recipient (with Diego Forlán) of the European Golden Boot, and is currently the only player to have officially won the award twice in a row (Ally McCoist also had two Golden Boots in a row, but both were deemed unofficial). The unexpected departure of compatriot Vieira in mid-2005 led to Henry being awarded club captaincy, a role which many felt was not naturally suited for him; the captaincy is more commonly given to defenders or midfielders, who are better-placed on the pitch to read the game. Along with being chief goal-scorer, he was responsible for leading a very young team which had yet to jell fully. The 2005–06 season proved to be one of remarkable personal achievements for Henry. On 17 October 2005, Henry became the club's top goal-scorer of all time; two goals against Sparta Prague in the Champions League meant he broke Ian Wright's record of 185 goals. On 1 February 2006, he scored a goal against West Ham United, bringing his league goal tally up to 151, breaking Arsenal legend Cliff Bastin's league goals record. Henry scored his 100th league goal at Highbury, a feat unparalleled in the history of the club, and a unique achievement in the Premier League. He completed the season as the league's top goal-scorer, and for the third time in his career, he was voted the FWA Footballer of the Year.

Nevertheless, Arsenal failed to win the league title again, but hopes of a trophy were revived when Arsenal reached the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final. The Gunners eventually lost 2–1 to Barcelona, and Arsenal's inability to win the Premier League for two consecutive seasons combined with the relative inexperience of the Arsenal squad caused much speculation that Henry would leave for another club. However, he declared his love for the club and accepted a four-year contract, and said he would stay at Arsenal for life. Arsenal vice-chairman David Dein later claimed the club had turned down two bids of £50 million from Spanish clubs for Henry before the signing of the new contract. Had the transfer materialized, it would have surpassed the then world record £47 million paid for Zinédine Zidane.

Henry's 2006–07 season was marred by injuries. Although he scored 10 goals in 17 domestic appearances for Arsenal, Henry's season was cut short in February. Having missed games due to hamstring, foot, and back problems, he was deemed fit enough to come on as a late substitute against PSV in a Champions League match, but began limping shortly after coming on. Scans the next day revealed that he would need at least three months to heal from new groin and stomach injuries, missing the rest of the 2006–07 season. Wenger attributed Henry's injuries to a protracted 2005–06 campaign, and reiterated that Henry was keen on staying with the Gunners to rebuild for the 2007–08 season.

Barcelona (2007–2010)

On 25 June 2007, in an unexpected turn of events, Henry was transferred to Barcelona for €24 million. He signed a four-year deal for a reported €6.8 (£4.6) million per season. It was revealed that the contract included a release clause of €125 (£84.9) million. Henry cited the departure of Dein and continued uncertainty over Wenger's future as reasons for leaving, and maintained that "I always said that if I ever left Arsenal it would be to play for Barcelona." Despite their captain's departure, Arsenal got off to an impressive start for the 2007–08 campaign, and Henry admitted that his presence in the team might have been more of a hindrance than a help. He stated: "Because of my seniority, the fact that I was captain and my habit of screaming for the ball, they would sometimes give it to me even when I was not in the best position. So in that sense it was good for the team that I moved on." Henry left Arsenal as the club's leading all-time league goal-scorer with 174 goals and leading all-time goal-scorer in Europe with 42 goals; in July 2008, Arsenal fans voted him as Arsenal's greatest player ever in Arsenal.com's Gunners' Greatest 50 Players poll. At Barcelona, Henry was given the number 14 jersey, the same as he had worn at Arsenal. He scored his first goal for his new club on 19 September 2007 in a 3–0 Champions League group stage win over Lyon, and he recorded his first hat-trick for Barça in a league match against Levante ten days later. But with Henry mostly deployed on the wing throughout the season, he was unable to reproduce the goal-scoring form he achieved with Arsenal. He expressed dissatisfaction with the move to Barcelona in the initial year, amidst widespread speculation of a return to the Premier League. In an interview with Garth Crooks on BBC Football Focus, Henry described missing life "back home" and even "the English press". However, Henry concluded his debut season as the club's top scorer with 19 goals in addition to nine league assists, second behind Lionel Messi's 10.

Henry went on to surpass this tally in a more integrated 2008–09 campaign, winning the first trophy of his Barcelona career on 13 May 2009 when Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao in the Copa del Rey final. Barcelona won the league and Champions League soon after, completing a treble for the Frenchman, who had combined with Lionel Messi and Samuel Eto'o to score 100 goals between them that season. The trio was also the most prolific trio in Spanish league history, scoring 72 goals and surpassing the 66 goals of Real Madrid's Ferenc Puskás, Alfredo Di Stéfano and Luis del Sol of the 1960–61 season. Later in 2009, Henry helped Barcelona win an unprecedented sextuple, consisting of the aforementioned treble, the Supercopa de España, the UEFA Super Cup, and the FIFA Club World Cup.

The following season, the emergence of Pedro Rodríguez meant that Henry only started 15 league games. Before the La Liga season ended, and with a year still left on his contract, club president Joan Laporta stated on 5 May 2010 that Henry "may go away in the summer transfer window if that's what he wants". After Henry returned from the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Barcelona confirmed that they had agreed to the sale of Henry to an unnamed club, with the player still to agree terms with the new club.

New York Red Bulls (2010–present)

In July 2010, Henry signed a multi-year contract with Major League Soccer (MLS) club New York Red Bulls for the 2010 season as its second designated player. He made his full MLS debut on 31 July in a 2–2 draw against Houston Dynamo, assisting both goals to Juan Pablo Angel. His first MLS goal came on 28 August in a 2–0 victory against San Jose Earthquakes. The Red Bulls eventually topped the MLS Eastern Conference by one point over Columbus Crew before losing 3–2 on aggregate against San Jose Earthquakes in the quarterfinals of the 2010 MLS Cup Playoffs. The next season, the Red Bulls were 10th overall in the league, and bowed out in the Conference Semi-finals of the 2011 MLS Cup Playoffs.

Loan to Arsenal

After training with Arsenal during the MLS off-season, Henry re-signed for the club on a two-month loan deal on 6 January 2012. This was to provide cover for Gervinho and Marouane Chamakh, who were unavailable due to their participation in the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations. Henry made his second Arsenal debut as a substitute against Leeds United in the FA Cup third round and scored the only goal.

International career

Henry enjoyed a successful career with the France national team, winning the first of his 123 caps in June 1997, when his good form for Monaco was rewarded with a call-up to the Under-20 French national team, where he played in the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship alongside future teammates William Gallas and David Trézéguet. Within four months, France head coach Aimé Jacquet called Henry up to the senior team. The 20-year-old made his senior international debut on 11 October 1997 in a 2–1 win against South Africa. Jacquet was so impressed with Henry that he took him to the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Although Henry was a largely unknown quantity at international level, he ended the tournament as France's top scorer with three goals. He was scheduled to appear as a substitute in the final, where France beat Brazil 3–0, but Marcel Desailly's sending off forced a defensive change instead. In 1998, he was made ''Chevalier'' (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur, France's highest decoration.

Henry was a member of France's UEFA Euro 2000 squad, again scoring three goals in the tournament, including the equaliser against Portugal in the semi-final, and finishing as the country's top scorer. France later won the game in extra time following a converted penalty kick by Zinédine Zidane. France went on to defeat Italy in extra-time in the Final, earning Henry his second major international medal. During the tournament, Henry was voted man-of-the-match in three games, including the final against Italy.

The 2002 FIFA World Cup featured a stunning early exit for both Henry and France as the defending champions were eliminated in the group stage after failing to score a goal in all three games. France lost their first match in group play and Henry was red carded for a dangerous sliding challenge in their next match against Uruguay. In that game, France played to a 0–0 draw, but Henry was forced to miss the final match due to suspension; France lost 2–0 to Denmark.

Henry returned to form for his country at the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup. Despite playing without team stalwarts Zidane and Patrick Vieira, France won, in large part owing to Henry's outstanding play, for which he was named Man of the Match by FIFA's Technical Study Group in three of France's five matches. In the final, he scored the golden goal in extra time to lift the title for the host country after a 1–0 victory over Cameroon. Henry was awarded both the adidas Golden Ball as the outstanding player of the competition and the adidas Golden Shoe as the tournament's top goal-scorer with four goals.

In UEFA Euro 2004, Henry played in all of France's matches and scored two goals. France beat England in the group stages but lost to the eventual winners Greece 1–0 in the quarter-finals. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup Henry remained as one of the automatic starters in the squad. He played as a lone striker, but despite an indifferent start to the tournament, became one of the top players of the World Cup. He scored three goals, including the winning goal from Zidane's free kick against defending champions Brazil. However, France subsequently lost to Italy on penalties (5–3) in the final. Henry did not take part in the penalty shoot-out, having been substituted in extra time after his legs had cramped. Henry was one of 10 nominees for the Golden Ball award for Player of the Tournament, an award which was ultimately presented to his teammate, Zidane and was named a starting striker on the 2006 FIFPro World XI team.

On 13 October 2007, Henry scored his 41st goal against the Faroe Islands, joining Michel Platini as the country's top goal-scorer of all time. Four days later at the Stade de la Beaujoire, he scored a late double against Lithuania, thereby setting a new record as France's top goal-scorer. On 3 June 2008, Henry made his 100th appearance for national team in match against Colombia, becoming the sixth French player ever to reach that milestone.

Henry missed the opening game of France's short-lived UEFA Euro 2008 campaign, where they were eliminated in the group stages after being grouped together with Italy, the Netherlands and Romania. He scored France's only goal in the competition in a 4–1 loss to the Netherlands.

The French team struggled during the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers and finished second in their group behind Serbia. During the play-offs against the Republic of Ireland, Henry was involved in a controversy in the second leg of the game at the Stade de France on 18 November 2009. With the aggregate score tied at 1–1 and the game in extra time, he used his hand twice to control the ball before delivering a cross to William Gallas who scored the winner. This sparked a barrage of criticism against the Frenchman, while national team coach Raymond Domenech and Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger defended him. The Football Association of Ireland lodged a formal complaint with FIFA, seeking a replay of the game, which FIFA declined. Henry said that he contemplated retiring from international football after the reactions to the incident, but maintained that he was not a "cheat"; hours after FIFA had ruled out a replay, he stated that "the fairest solution would be to replay the game". FIFA President Sepp Blatter described the incident as "blatant unfair play" and announced an inquiry into how such incidents could be avoided in future, and added that the incident would be investigated by the Disciplinary Committee. Blatter also said Henry told him that his family had been threatened in the aftermath of the incident. In January 2010, FIFA announced that there was no legal basis to sanction Henry.

Henry did not feature in the starting line-up for France at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. France drew in their first game against Uruguay, and lost 2–0 in their second against Mexico. The team was thrown into disarray when Nicolas Anelka was expelled from the team, and captain Patrice Evra led a team protest by refusing to train. In the final group game against host-nation South Africa in which Henry came on as a second-half substitute, France lost 2–1 and were eliminated from the tournament. He then announced his retirement from international football, having won 123 caps and scored 51 goals for ''Les Bleus''.

Style of play

Although Henry played up front as a striker during his youth, he spent his time at Monaco and Juventus playing on the wing. When Henry joined Arsenal in 1999, Wenger immediately changed this, switching Henry to his childhood position, often pairing him with Dutch veteran Dennis Bergkamp. During the 2004–05 season, Wenger switched Arsenal's formation to 4–5–1. This change forced Henry to adapt again to fit into the Arsenal team, and he played many games as a lone striker. Still, Henry remained Arsenal's main offensive threat, on many occasions conjuring spectacular goals. Wenger once said of his fellow Frenchman: "Thierry Henry could take ball in the middle of park and score a goal that no one else in the world could score".

One of the reasons cited for Henry's impressive play up front is his ability to calmly score from one-on-ones. This, combined with his exceptional pace, means that he can get in behind defenders regularly enough to score. When up front, Henry is occasionally known to move out wide to the left wing position, something which enables him to contribute heavily in assists: between 2002–03 and 2004–05, the striker managed almost 50 assists in total and this was attributed to his unselfish play and creativity. Henry would also drift offside to fool the defence then run back onside before the ball is played and beat the offside trap, although he never provided Arsenal a distinct aerial threat. Given his versatility in being able to operate as both a winger and a striker, the Frenchman is not a prototypical "out-and-out striker", but he has emerged consistently as one of Europe's most prolific strikers. In set pieces, Henry was the first-choice penalty and free kick taker for Arsenal, having scored regularly from those positions.

Awards and honours

Club

;Monaco

Ligue 1 (1): 1996–97

Trophée des champions (1): 1997

;Arsenal

Premier League (2): 2001–02, 2003–04

FA Cup (3): 2002, 2003, 2005

FA Community Shield (2): 2002, 2004

;Barcelona

La Liga (2): 2008–09, 2009–10

Copa del Rey (1): 2008-09

Supercopa de España (1): 2009

UEFA Champions League (1): 2008-09

UEFA Super Cup (1): 2009

FIFA Club World Cup (1): 2009

;New York Red Bulls

MLS Eastern Conference (1): 2010

Atlantic Cup (1): 2011

Walt Disney World Pro Soccer Classic (1): 2010

Emirates Cup (1): 2011

National

;France

FIFA World Cup

::Winner: France 1998 ::''Runners-up'': Germany 2006

UEFA European Football Championship

::Winner: Belgium & Netherlands 2000

FIFA Confederations Cup

::Winner: France 2003

King Hassan II International Cup Tournament

::Winner: Morocco 2000

Individual

Henry has received many plaudits and awards in his football career. He was runner-up for the 2003 and 2004 FIFA World Player of the Year awards; in those two seasons, he also won back-to-back PFA Players' Player of the Year titles. Henry is the only player ever to have won the FWA Footballer of the Year three times (2003, 2004, 2006), and the French Player of the Year on a record four occasions. Henry was voted into the Premier League Overseas Team of the Decade in the 10 Seasons Awards poll in 2003, and in 2004 he was named by football legend Pelé as one of the top 125 greatest living footballers.

In terms of goal-scoring awards, Henry was the European Golden Boot winner in 2004 and 2005 (sharing it with Villarreal's Diego Forlán in 2005) and is the first ever player to retain the award. Henry was also the top goal-scorer in the Premier League for a record four seasons (2002, 2004, 2005, 2006). In 2006, he became the first player to score more than 20 goals in the league for five consecutive seasons (2002 to 2006). Henry is currently third in the list of all-time Premier League goal-scorers, behind Alan Shearer and Andy Cole. Given his accomplishments, France's all-time goal-scorer was in his prime regarded by many coaches, footballers and pundits as one of the best footballers in the world. In November 2007, he was ranked 33rd on the Association of Football Statisticians' compendium for "Greatest Ever Footballers". Arsenal fans honoured their former player in 2008, declaring Henry the greatest Arsenal player. In two other 2008 surveys, Henry emerged as the favourite Premier League player of all time among 32,000 people surveyed in the Barclays 2008 Global Fan Report. In 2009, Henry was voted the best Premier League player of the 2000s. On 10 December 2011, Arsenal unveiled a bronze statue of Henry at the Emirates Stadium as part of its 125th anniversary celebrations.

A summary of Henry's individual awards is as follows:

UNFP Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year (1): 1996–97

PFA Players' Player of the Year (2): 2002–03, 2003–04

PFA Team of the Year (6): 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06

FWA Footballer of the Year (3): 2002–03, 2003–04, 2005–06

Premier League Golden Boot (4): 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06.

Golden Boot Landmark Award 10 (1): 2004–05

Golden Boot Landmark Award 20 (1): 2004–05

Premier League Player of the Month (4): April 2000, September 2002, January 2004, April 2004

Goal of the Season (1): 2002–03

UEFA Team of the Year (5): 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006

MLS Best XI (1): 2011

Onze d'Or (2): 2003, 2006

European Golden Boot (2): 2003-04, 2004-05

French Player of the Year (5): 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006

IFFHS World's Top Goal Scorer of the Year (1): 2003

FIFA FIFPro World XI (1): 2006

FIFA World Cup All-Star Team (1): Germany 2006

FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Ball (1): France 2003

FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Shoe (1): France 2003

UEFA European Football Championship Team of the Tournament (1): 2000

FIFA 100 : 2004

Time 100 Heroes & Pioneers no.16 : 2007

English Football Hall of Fame : 2008

Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992–93 – 2001–02)

* Overseas Team of the Decade

Légion d'Honneur : 1998

Career statistics

Club

3 3 9 4 1 3 17 17 24 24 30 25 27 10 9 19 4 2 14 0

Club	Season	League	Cup	Continental	Total
!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists
rowspan=6 valign="center"	Monaco		8	|	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	3	1
Division 1 season 1995–96	1995–96	18	|	5	3	0	1	1	0	0	22	3	6
Division 1 season 1996–97	1996–97	36	|	8	3	0	1	9	1	4	48	10	13
Division 1 season 1997–98	1997–98	30	|	9	5	0	2	9	7	1	44	11	12
Division 1 season 1998–99	1998–99	13	|	3	1	0	0	5	0	2	19	1	5
!Total	!105!!20!!26!!12!!0!!4!!24!!8!!7!!141!!28!!37
rowspan=2 valign="center"	Juventus		16	|	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	19	3	2
!Total	!16!!3!!2!!3!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!19!!3!!2
rowspan=9 valign="center"	Arsenal		31	|	9	5	1	0	11	8	2	47	26	11
2000–01 Arsenal F.C. season	2000–01	35	|	3	4	1	0	14	4	0	53	22	3
2001–02 Arsenal F.C. season	2001–02	33	|	5	5	1	2	11	7	0	49	32	7
2002–03 Arsenal F.C. season	2002–03	37	|	23	6	1	0	12	7	1	55	32	24
2003–04 Arsenal F.C. season	2003–04	37	|	9	4	4	2	10	5	3	51	39	14
2004–05 Arsenal F.C. season	2004–05	32	|	15	2	0	1	8	5	1	42	30	17
2005–06 Arsenal F.C. season	2005–06	32	|	7	2	1	0	11	5	2	45	33	9
2006–07 Arsenal F.C. season	2006–07	17	|	6	3	1	1	7	1	0	27	12	7
	Total	! 254!!174!!77!!31!!10!!6!!84!!42!!9!!369!!226!!92
rowspan=4 valign="center"	Barcelona		30	12	|	7	4	0	10	3	2	47	19	11
2008–09 FC Barcelona season	2008–09	29	|	8	1	1	0	12	6	4	42	26	12
2009–10 FC Barcelona season	2009–10	21	|	2	3	0	0	8	0	1	32	4	3
!Total	!80!!35!!19!!11!!5!!0!!30!!9!!7!!121!!49!!26
rowspan=3 valign="center"	New York Red Bulls		11	|	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	12	2	3
2011 New York Red Bulls season	2011	26	|	4	3	1	1	0	0	0	29	15	5
!Total	!37!!16!!7!!4!!1!!1!!0!!0!!0!!41!!17!!8
rowspan=2 valign="center"	Arsenal (loan)		1	|	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	3	1	0
!Total	!1!!0!!0!!2!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!3!!1!!0
Career total	!493!!248!!130!!63!!17!!11!!138!!59!!23!!694!!321!!166

International

National team!!Season!!Apps!!Goals
rowspan=1 valign="center"	France U20	1996–97	5	3
colspan=2	Total!!5!!3
rowspan=14 valign="center"	France	1997	1	0
1998	10
1999	0
2000	14
2001	7
2002	10
2003	14
2004	13
2005	6
2006	16
2007	6
2008	11
2009	9
2010	6
Total!!123!!51

;Note Includes one appearance from the match against FIFA XI on 16 August 2000 which FIFA and the French Football Federation count as an official friendly match.

International goals

Under–20

:''Scores and results list France U–20's goal tally first.

rowspan=2> 22 June 1997

#
1.		Sarawak Stadium, Kuching	|	1–0	4–2	rowspan=2
2.	3–0
3.	|	Sarawak Stadium, Kuching		3–1	4–2	1997 World Youth Championship

Senior team

:''Scores and results list France's goal tally first.

Stade Vélodrome, Marseille rowspan=2>Stade de France, Saint-Denis 29 March 2000 6 June 2000 11 June 2000 16 June 2000 28 June 2000 24 March 2001 25 April 2001 6 October 2001 27 March 2002 rowspan=2>Ta' Qali National Stadium, Valletta rowspan=2 rowspan=2>Stade de France, Saint-Denis 18 June 2003 22 June 2003 26 June 2003 29 June 2003 6 September 2003 11 October 2003 15 November 2003 rowspan=2>Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra 13 October 2004 17 August 2005 7 September 2005 9 November 2005 31 May 2006 7 June 2006 18 June 2006 23 June 2006 1 July 2006 6 September 2006 11 October 2006 15 November 2006 22 August 2007 13 October 2007 rowspan=2>Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes 21 November 2007 13 June 2008 10 September 2008 rowspan=2>Stade de France, Saint-Denis 5 September 2009 9 September 2009 14 October 2009

#
1.	12 June 1998	|		3–0	3–0	1998 FIFA World Cup Group C#France vs South Africa>1998 FIFA World Cup
2.		|		1–0	4–0	1998 FIFA World Cup
3.	3–0
4.	|	Hampden Park, Glasgow	<		1–0	2–0	Exhibition game>Friendly
5.	|	Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca		1–0	5–1	Friendly
6.	|	Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges		2–0	3–0	UEFA Euro 2000 Group D>UEFA Euro 2000
7.	|	Jan Breydel Stadium, Bruges		1–0	2–1	UEFA Euro 2000
8.	|	King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels		1–1	2–1	UEFA Euro 2000
9.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		2–0	5–0	Friendly
10.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		3–0	4–0	Friendly
11.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		3–0	4–1	Friendly
12.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		3–0	5–0	Friendly
13.		|		1–0	4–0	rowspan=2
14.	2–0
15.		Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens ||	<		2–0	6–0	Friendly
16.	3–0
17.		|		1–0	5–0	Friendly
18.	2–0
19.	|	Stade de Gerland, Lyon	<		1–0	1–0	2003 FIFA Confederations Cup#Group A>2003 FIFA Confederations Cup
20.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		2–0	5–0	2003 FIFA Confederations Cup
21.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		1–0	3–2	2003 FIFA Confederations Cup
22.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		1–0	1–0	2003 FIFA Confederations Cup
23.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		4–0	5–0	UEFA Euro 2004 qualifier
24.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		1–0	3–0	UEFA Euro 2004 qualifier
25.	|	Veltins-Arena, Gelsenkirchen		1–0	3–0	Friendly
26.		|		2–1	3–1	rowspan=2
27.	3–1
28.	|	GSP Stadium, Nicosia	<		2–0	2–0	2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 4>2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier
29.	|	Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier		3–0	3–0	Friendly
30.	|	Lansdowne Road, Dublin		1–0	1–0	2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier
31.	|	Stade d'Honneur de Dillon, Fort-de-France		3–2	3–2	Friendly
32.	|	Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens		1–0	2–0	Friendly
33.	|	Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne		3–1	3–1	Friendly
34.	|	Red Bull Arena (Leipzig)>Zentralstadion, Leipzig		1–0	1–1	2006 FIFA World Cup Group G#France vs Korea Republic>2006 FIFA World Cup
35.	|	RheinEnergieStadion>FIFA WM Stadion Köln, Cologne		2–0	2–0	2006 FIFA World Cup
36.	|	Commerzbank-Arena>FIFA WM-Stadion Frankfurt, Frankfurt		1–0	1–0	2006 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Brazil vs France>2006 FIFA World Cup
37.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		2–0	3–1	UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group B>UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier
38.	|	Stade Auguste Bonal, Montbéliard		2–0	5–0	UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier
39.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		1–0	1–0	Friendly
40.	|	Štadión Antona Malatinského, Trnava		1–0	1–0	Friendly
41.	|	Tórsvøllur, Tórshavn		2–0	6–0	UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier
42.		|		1–0	2–0	UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier
43.	2–0
44.	|	Olimpiysky National Sports Complex, Kiev	<		1–1	2–2	UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier
45.	|	Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf>Stade de Suisse, Bern		1–2	1–4	UEFA Euro 2008 Group C#Netherlands vs France>UEFA Euro 2008
46.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		1–0	2–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 7>2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier
47.		|		1–1	3–1	Friendly
48.	2–1
49.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		1–0	1–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier
50.	|	Stadion FK Crvena Zvezda, Belgrade		1–1	1–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier
51.	|	Stade de France, Saint-Denis		2–0	3–1	2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier

Career totals

Professional career totals
! Teams	! Appearances	! Goals	!Assists	! Goals per game
Clubs	691	321	166
	123	51	29
Total	814	372	195

Outside football

Personal and family life

Henry married English model Nicole Merry, real name Claire, on 5 July 2003. The ceremony was held at Highclere Castle, and on 27 May 2005 the couple celebrated the birth of their first child, Téa. Henry dedicated his first goal since Téa's birth to her by holding his fingers in a "T" shape and kissing them after scoring in a match against Newcastle United. When Henry was still at Arsenal, he also purchased a home in Hampstead, North London. However, shortly after his transfer to Barcelona, it was announced that Henry and his wife would divorce; the decree nisi was granted in September 2007. Their separation concluded in December 2008 when Henry paid Merry a divorce settlement close to her requested sum of £10 million. Henry is now dating Bosnian model Andrea Rajačić.

As a fan of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Henry is often seen with his friend Tony Parker at games when not playing football. Henry stated in an interview that he admires basketball, as it is similar to football in pace and excitement. Having made regular trips to the NBA Finals in the past, he went to watch Parker and the San Antonio Spurs in the 2007 NBA Finals; and in the 2001 NBA Finals, he went to Philadelphia to help with French television coverage of the Finals as well as to watch Allen Iverson, whom he named as one of his favourite players.

Social causes

UNICEF

Henry is a member of the UNICEF-FIFA squad, where together with other professional footballers he appeared in a series of TV spots seen by hundreds of millions of fans around the world during the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. In these spots, the players promote football as a game that must be played on behalf of children.

Stand Up Speak Up

Having been subjected to racism in the past, Henry is an active spokesperson against racism in football. The most prominent incident of racism against Henry was during a training session with the Spanish national team in 2004, when a Spanish TV crew caught coach Luis Aragonés referring to Henry as "black shit". The incident caused an uproar in the British media, and there were calls for Aragonés to be sacked. Henry and Nike started the Stand Up Speak Up campaign against racism in football as a result of the incident. Subsequently, in 2007, ''Time'' featured him as one of the "Heroes & Pioneers" on "The Time 100" list.

Other work

Along with 45 other football players, Henry took part in FIFA's "Live for Love United" in 2002. The single was released in tandem with the 2002 FIFA World Cup and its proceeds went towards AIDS research. Henry also supports the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and Cystic Fibrosis Trust.

Endorsements

In 2006, Henry was valued as the ninth most commercially marketable footballer in the world, as well as being the eighth richest Premier League player, with £21 million.

Renault

Henry featured in the Renault Clio advertisements in which he popularised the term ''va-va-voom'', meaning "life" or "passion". His romantic interest in the commercial was his then-girlfriend, later his wife (now divorced), Claire Merry. ''"Va-va-voom"'' was subsequently added to the Concise Oxford English Dictionary.

Nike

In 2004, Henry signed with sportswear giant Nike. In one of the advertisements, Henry pits his wits against football stars such as Claude Makélélé, Edgar Davids and Freddie Ljungberg in locations such as his bedroom and living room. The advertisement was partly inspired by Henry himself, who revealed that he always has a football nearby, even at home. Henry was also featured in Nike's "Secret Tournament" advertisement along with 24 superstar football players including Ljungberg, Ronaldinho, and Francesco Totti. In tandem with the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Henry also featured in Nike's Joga Bonito campaign, Portuguese for "beautiful game".

Reebok

Henry's deal with Nike ended after the 2006 FIFA World Cup, when he signed a deal with Reebok to appear in their "I Am What I Am" campaign. As part of Reebok Entertainment's "Framed" series, Henry was the star of a half-hour episode that detailed the making of a commercial about Henry directed by Spanish actress Paz Vega.

Puma

In 2011 Henry switched to Puma boots, first wearing the brand in the 2011 MLS All Star game against Manchester United, before announcing a multi-year partnership for Puma to be his performance and lifestyle footwear and apparel sponsor. His first official game with Puma was in the Emirates Cup against former club Arsenal.

Gillette

In February 2007, Henry was named as one of the three ambassadors of Gillette's "Champions Program," which purported to feature three of the "best-known, most widely respected and successful athletes competing today" and also showcased Roger Federer and Tiger Woods in a series of television commercials. For reasons of recognition, Derek Jeter appears in Henry's place in the advertisements broadcast in North America. In reaction to the handball controversy following the France-Ireland 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier, Gillette faced a boycott and accusations of doctoring French versions of their Champions poster, but subsequently released a statement backing Henry.

Pepsi

Henry was part of Pepsi's "Dare For More" campaign in 2005, alongside the likes of David Beckham and Ronaldinho.

Notes and references

External links

MLS player profile

Thierry Henry profile at fcbarcelona.cat

Thiery Henry biography at jockbio.com

Thierry Henry at Internet Movie Database

}}

Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:People from Les Ulis Category:1998 FIFA World Cup players Category:2002 FIFA World Cup players Category:2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players Category:Arsenal F.C. players Category:AS Monaco FC players Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur Category:FC Barcelona footballers Category:FIFA 100 Category:FIFA Century Club Category:FIFA World Cup-winning players Category:FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players Category:Association football forwards Category:France international footballers Category:France under-21 international footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in England Category:Expatriate footballers in Italy Category:INF Clairefontaine players Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain Category:French footballers Category:Juventus F.C. players Category:La Liga footballers Category:Ligue 1 players Category:Premier League players Category:First Division/Premier League topscorers Category:English Football Hall of Fame inductees Category:Serie A footballers Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players Category:New York Red Bulls players Category:UEFA Euro 2004 players Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players Category:UEFA European Football Championship-winning players Category:UNICEF people Category:French people of Guadeloupean descent Category:Expatriate soccer players in the United States Category:French expatriates in the United States Category:People of Martiniquais descent Category:Major League Soccer players Category:France youth international footballers

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playername	Martin Keown
fullname	Martin Raymond Keown
dateofbirth	July 24, 1966
cityofbirth	Oxford
countryofbirth	England
height
position	Defender / Defensive midfielder
youthyears1	1980–1984 |youthclubs1 Arsenal
years1	1984–1986 |clubs1 Arsenal |caps1 22 |goals1 0
years2	1985 |clubs2 → Brighton & Hove Albion (loan) |caps2 23 |goals2 1
years3	1986–1989 |clubs3 Aston Villa |caps3 112 |goals3 3
years4	1989–1993 |clubs4 Everton |caps4 96 |goals4 0
years5	1993–2004 |clubs5 Arsenal |caps5 311 |goals5 4
years6	2004–2005 |clubs6 Leicester City |caps6 17 |goals6 0
years7	2005 |clubs7 Reading |caps7 5 |goals7 0
totalcaps	586 |totalgoals 8
nationalyears1	1987–1988 |nationalteam1 England U18 |nationalcaps1 8 |nationalgoals1 0
nationalyears2	1991 |nationalteam2 England B |nationalcaps2 1 |nationalgoals2 0
nationalyears3	1992–2002 |nationalteam3 England |nationalcaps3 43 |nationalgoals3 2 }}

Martin Raymond Keown (born 24 July 1966 in Oxford, England) is a former English footballer. Widely regarded as one of the best man-markers of his generation, Keown played for six different football clubs during his career but it was with Arsenal that he will be best remembered. Keown made over three hundred appearances for Arsenal and won nine major trophies. Keown was also part of the squad that reached the Uefa Cup Winners Cup in 1995 and the Uefa Cup in 2000. He retired from professional football in 2005.

Keown made his England debut in 1992 against France and went on to win 43 caps for the national side, forming a respected defensive partnership with Arsenal teammate Tony Adams. Keown represented England at four major international football finals including the 1998 and 2002 World Cup.

He is now a part-time scout and coach for Arsenal, as well as a pundit for the BBC, TV3 Ireland, and Al Jazeera Sports +3.

Club career

A tough and uncompromising centre back from Oxford, Keown played for local sides and his local Gaelic Football team as a boy, before joining Arsenal on a schoolboy contract in 1980, though he made his professional debut on loan at Brighton & Hove Albion in 1984.

Keown's debut for Arsenal came on 23 November 1985, when Don Howe was still their manager, and they drew 0–0 with West Bromwich Albion at the Hawthorns. He played 22 league games that season but when George Graham was appointed manager on 14 May 1986, he decided that Keown was not part of his plans to try and turn Arsenal into league title contenders and on 9 June 1986 he joined Aston Villa for £200,000.

Keown signed for Villa after a season in which they had narrowly avoided relegation to the Second Division, a mere four years after being European Cup winners and five years since being league champions. Manager Graham Turner was under a lot of pressure, and after their dismal form continued into the 1986–87 season he was sacked on 14 September 1986 and succeeded by Billy McNeill. Keown appeared in 36 league games that season, but he was unable to save Villa from finishing bottom of the First Division and being relegated after 12 successive seasons in the top flight. Graham Taylor then arrived at Villa Park to succeed the sacked McNeill, and Keown was very much part of his rebuilding plans as he missed just two league games and scored three goals as Villa finished second in the Second Division and won promotion back to the top flight at the first attempt. He helped them secure their top flight status the following season but was sold to Everton on 7 August 1989 – just before the start of the 1989–90 season – for a fee of £750,000.

Keown had a fine start to his Everton career, and they topped the table for a while in late autumn and there was hope that they could win the league title. However, their form ebbed away after Christmas and they could only manage a sixth place finish. Keown managed 20 league appearances that campaign and a slightly better 24 in 1990–91, when Harvey was replaced by Howard Kendall as manager in the November. He missed just three league games in 1991–92, which brought another mid table finish, and he played just 13 more league games for the Toffees before accepting a £2,000,000 return to Arsenal in February 1993.

Keown didn't feature in Arsenal's historic FA Cup and League Cup double of 1993 due to being cup-tied. However, he did manage 16 Premier League appearances, mostly at the expense of Steve Bould, forming arguably the most intense battle for central defensive positions in the Premier League at the time. He and Andy Linighan were high quality defender competing alongside Bould and captain Tony Adams in the centre of one of the best English league defences of the 1990s.

Keown also missed out on Arsenal's Cup Winners' Cup Final win over Parma the following year (although he did play a part in the overall campaign after appearing in earlier rounds) however, he did start the final the following season when Arsenal were narrowly beaten by Real Zaragoza after extra time.

He rarely missed a game in his first four full seasons back at Highbury, though in the 1997–98 double winning campaign, the 31-year-old Keown was selected just 18 times in the Premier League by manager Arsène Wenger as he claimed the first two major trophies of his career after well over a decade of waiting.

Keown later became an integral part of Arsène Wenger's double Double winning sides of 1998 and 2002, remaining a first team regular until the end of the 2002–03 season, when the Gunners won their ninth FA Cup but blew the chance of a unique fourth double due to a late loss of form in the league.

On 20 September 2003, during Arsenal and Manchester United's match at Old Trafford, Manchester United were awarded a late penalty, with the score at 0–0. Ruud van Nistelrooy stepped up to take the penalty, and hit the bar with it. After the penalty, Keown and Ray Parlour confronted van Nistelrooy, because of the manner in which he had earlier allegedly attempted to get their team mate Patrick Vieira sent off.

Keown remained at Arsenal until 2004, winning another Premier League title, before being released on a free transfer. His final season brought 10 league appearances – the minimum to qualify for a title winner's medal – and it came during the season when Arsenal achieved the rare distinction of completing a league season unbeaten.

He signed for Leicester City, but left after less than six months (it was rumoured he had fallen out with Leicester boss Micky Adams), and signed for Reading in January 2005 until the end of the season, after which he retired from the game.

International career

Keown played U16 and U18 for England. When it was learnt that both his parents were Irish, Jack Charlton enquired about his availability to play for the Republic of Ireland but found that he was not eligible due to his underage games. He made his England debut in 1992 against France. With an injury to Mark Wright he was called up into England's squad for Euro '92, and played in all three of England's matches.

Keown's early ascension to the England team under Graham Taylor did not continue under Terry Venables, who ignored him completely. Keown earned a recall from Glenn Hoddle in 1997, and went to the 1998 World Cup, but did not play. Keown became a regular under Kevin Keegan (captaining the side against Finland) and played in two of England's Euro 2000 matches. By the time Sven-Göran Eriksson became manager, Keown's age was starting to count against him, though he went to the 2002 World Cup, again as a non-playing squad member. In all he played 43 times for England, scoring two goals.

Management and career outside football

Keown joined the coaching staff of Newbury in August 2005, but is now coaching back at former club Arsenal where he is taking his coaching badges. He has been identified by former Arsenal manager Terry Neill as a key figure behind the success of Arsenal's inexperienced "new-look" defence (which the team resorted to after ongoing injury problems in the 2005/06 season, notably setting a record for minutes played without conceding in the Champions League). In 2007–08 Keown was also a coach for the Oxford University Blues Football team on a part time basis.

Keown regularly appears as a pundit on the BBC's football coverage and Match of the Day, as well as covering the Champions League for Irish broadcaster TV3. He was also working for ESPN UK during the 2011 Emirates Cup.

Honours

Barclays Premier League: 1998, 2002 & 2004

FA Cup: 1998, 2002 & 2003

UEFA Cup Winner's Cup: 1994

FA Community Shield: 1998, 1999 & 2002

UEFA Cup: Runner-Up 2000

FA Cup: Runner-up 2001

UEFA Cup Winner's Cup: Runner-up 1995

43 England caps

References

External links

Category:English footballers Category:Arsenal F.C. players Category:Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Category:Aston Villa F.C. players Category:Everton F.C. players Category:Leicester City F.C. players Category:Reading F.C. players Category:Arsenal F.C. non-playing staff Category:Premier League players Category:The Football League players Category:England under-21 international footballers Category:England international footballers Category:England B international footballers Category:UEFA Euro 1992 players Category:1998 FIFA World Cup players Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players Category:2002 FIFA World Cup players Category:People from Oxford Category:English people of Irish descent Category:British association football commentators Category:1966 births Category:Living people

da:Martin Keown de:Martin Keown es:Martin Keown fr:Martin Keown id:Martin Keown it:Martin Keown he:מרטין קיאון nl:Martin Keown ja:マーティン・キーオン no:Martin Keown pl:Martin Keown pt:Martin Keown ru:Киоун, Мартин simple:Martin Keown fi:Martin Keown zh:马丁·基翁

name	Lyle Talbot
birth name	Lisle Henderson
birth date	February 08, 1902
birth place	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
death date	March 02, 1996
death place	San Francisco, California, U.S.
yearsactive	1931–1987
spouse	Margaret Epple (1948-1989) (her death) 4 children Abigail Adams (1942-1942) (annulled)Marjorie Kramer (1937-?) (divorced)}}

Lyle Talbot (February 8, 1902–March 2, 1996), born Lisle Henderson, was an American actor on stage and screen, best known for his long career in movies from 1931 to 1960 and for his frequent appearances on TV in the 1950s and '60s, including his decade-long role as Joe Randolph on television's ''The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet''.

He began his movie career under contract to Warner Brothers in the early days of "talking pictures" and went on to appear in more than 150 films, first as a young matinée idol and later as a character actor and star of many B movies. He was a founding member of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and later served on the board.

Biography

Early career

Born in Pittsburgh, Lyle Talbot was raised in Nebraska. He first began his career as a magician's assistant and became a leading actor in traveling tent shows in the Midwest and established his own theater company in Memphis. He then went to Hollywood when the film industry began producing movies with sound and needed "actors who could talk".

Career

Most notable among his film work: his appearance in the classic pre-noir ''Three on a Match'' (1932) with Humphrey Bogart and Bette Davis, co-starring with Spencer Tracy in the prison movie ''20,000 Years in Sing Sing'', romancing opera singer Grace Moore in ''One Night of Love,'' and pursuing Mae West in ''Go West, Young Man.'' He appeared opposite many famous actresses including Carole Lombard, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Astor, Ginger Rogers, and Shirley Temple.

Talbot's activism in union affairs affected his career path. Warner Bros. dropped him from its roster, and Talbot seldom received starring roles again. He became a capable character actor, playing affable neighbors or crafty villains with equal finesse. In countless low-budget B-movie work, Talbot's roles spanned the gamut. He played cowboys, pirates, detectives, cops, surgeons, psychiatrists, soldiers, judges, newspaper editors, storekeepers, and boxers. In later life he proudly claimed to have never rejected any role offered to him, which explains his participation in three infamous Edward D. Wood, Jr. films: ''Glen or Glenda'', ''Jail Bait'' and ''Plan 9 from Outer Space''. Talbot also worked with the Three Stooges in ''Gold Raiders'', portrayed Lex Luthor in 1950's ''Atom Man vs. Superman'', played villains in four comedies with The Bowery Boys, and took the role of Commissioner Gordon in the 1949 serial ''Batman and Robin''. His last movie role was in the Franklin D. Roosevelt biography, ''Sunrise at Campobello'', in 1960.

As his film career tapered off, Talbot became a familiar character actor on American television in the 1950s and 1960s as a regular on ''Ozzie and Harriet''.

Talbot had a recurring role as Robert Cummings' United States Air Force buddy Paul Fonda on ''The Bob Cummings Show''. Talbot also guest starred frequently on such classic TV series as ''It's a Great Life'', ''The Public Defender'', ''The Pride of the Family'', ''The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show'', ''The Restless Gun'', ''Leave It to Beaver'', ''The Lone Ranger'', ''The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok'', ''Topper'', ''The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin'', ''Perry Mason'', ''Rawhide'', ''Wagon Train'', ''The Beverly Hillbillies'', ''Green Acres'', ''Charlie's Angels'', ''Newhart'', ''The Dukes of Hazzard'', ''St. Elsewhere'', and ''Who's the Boss?''.

He appeared three times as Colonel Billings on the syndicated western series, ''The Adventures of Kit Carson'' (1951–1955), starring Bill Williams. He appeared four times a judge on the syndicated western ''The Cisco Kid'', starring Duncan Renaldo and Leo Carrillo. He appeared on Gene Autry's ''The Range Rider'', starring Jock Mahoney and Dick Jones.

Having started his career in the theater and later co-starred on Broadway in 1940-41 in ''Separate Rooms'', Talbot returned to the stage in the 1960s and 1970s, starring in national road company versions of Thornton Wilder's ''The Matchmaker'', Gore Vidal's political drama ''The Best Man'', Neil Simon's ''The Odd Couple'' and ''Barefoot in the Park'', Arthur Sumner Long's "Never Too Late," and appearing as Capt. Braddock in a 1967 revival of ''South Pacific'', at New York's Lincoln Center.

He continued to appear occasionally on TV shows well into his 80s, and narrated two PBS biographies, ''The Case of Dashiell Hammett'' and ''World Without Walls'' about pioneering pilot Beryl Markham, both produced and written by his son, Stephen Talbot.

Talbot was the first live action actor to play two prominent DC Comics characters on-screen: the aforementioned Commissioner Gordon in ''Batman and Robin'', and supervillain Lex Luthor in ''Atom Man vs. Superman'' (who at the time was simply known as Luthor). Talbot began a longstanding tradition of actors in these roles that were most recently filled by Gary Oldman and Kevin Spacey, respectively.

Personal life

Three of his four children became journalists: Stephen Talbot (who also played Gilbert Bates on ''Leave It to Beaver'') was for many years a documentary producer for the PBS series ''Frontline'' and "Frontline World" and is now the executive producer of "Sound Tracks: Music Without Borders." David is the founder and editor of Salon.com, and Margaret is a staff writer for ''The New Yorker''. His other daughter, Cynthia Talbot, is a family physician and residency director in Portland, Oregon. After several brief marriages, Talbot in 1948 married a young singer and actress, Margaret Epple, who often used the stage name, Paula. They had four children together and remained married for over 40 years until her death in 1989.

Into his nineties he remained sharp and alert, and was a delightful raconteur, regaling fans at conventions with anecdotes about friends and colleagues in the movie industry. He died in 1996 at his home in San Francisco, California, aged 94.

Talbot's granddaughter, Caitlin Talbot, is an actress based in Los Angeles.

Partial filmography

! Year	! Title	! Role	! Other notes
	''Love Is a Racket''	Edw. Griswold 'Eddie' Shaw	Alternative title: ''Such Things Happen''
''No More Orchids''	Tony Holt
''20,000 Years in Sing Sing''	Bud Saunders
	''The Life of Jimmy Dolan''	Doc Woods
''A Shriek in the Night''	Ted Kord
		Jeff
''Fog Over Frisco''	Spencer Carlton
	Dale Leland
		Jim
	Slattery of the Express
''The Case of the Lucky Legs''	Dr. Bob Doray
1937		Robert "Bob" Benton
1939		Willie Hogger
1940	''He Married His Wife''	Paul Hunter
	''Gambler's Choice''	Yellow Gloves Weldon
''Sensations of 1945''	Randall
1946	''Chick Carter, Detective''	Chick Carter
		Commissioner Jim Gordon
''She Shoulda Said No!''	Police Captain Hayes
		B.R. Ayne aka The Brain	TV, 7 episodes
''Atom Man vs. Superman''	Luthor/The Atom Man
''Lucky Losers''	Bruce McDermott
1950–1954		Various roles	TV, 4 episodes
1950–1956		Various roles	TV, 5 episodes
1951	''Gold Raiders''	Taggert	Alternative title: ''The Stooges Go West''
1951–1956	''The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok''	Various roles	TV, 4 episodes
	''Untamed Women''	Col. Loring
''Death Valley Days''		TV, 1 episode
	''Glen or Glenda''	Insp. Warren
''The Roy Rogers Show''	John Zachary	TV, 1 episode
	''Gunfighters of the Northwest''	Inspector Wheeler
''Tobor the Great''	An Admiral
1954–1958	''December Bride''	Bill Monahan	TV, 6 episodes
	''Hallmark Hall of Fame''		TV, 1 episode
''Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe''	Baylor	TV, 6 episodes
1955–1959	''The Bob Cummings Show''	Paul Fonda	TV, 4 episodes
	''Navy Log''	Captain Morgan	TV, 1 episode
	Joe Price	TV, 1 episode
1956–1966	''The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet''	Joe Randolph	TV, 45 episodes
	''Science Fiction Theatre''	General Dothan	TV, 1 episode
''Tales of Wells Fargo''	Reporter	TV, 1 episode
	''M Squad''	Paul Crowley	TV, 1 episode
''Leave It to Beaver''	Charles "Chuck" Dennison	TV, 2 episodes
1958–1959	''The Restless Gun''	Various roles	TV, 2 episodes
	''Plan 9 from Outer Space''	General Roberts
''The Ann Sothern Show''	Finletter	TV, 1 episode
	''Surfside 6''	Alan Crandell	TV, 1 episode
''Hawaiian Eye''	George Wallace	TV, 1 episode
1960	''The DuPont Show with June Allyson''	Mr. Anders	TV, 1 episode, "The Trench Coat"
	''Mister Ed''	George Hausner	TV, 1 episode
	Orville Luster	TV, 1 episode
			TV, 1 episode
	Mayor	TV, 1 episode
1962–1967	''The Beverly Hillbillies''	Colonel Blake	TV, 4 episodes
	''Arrest and Trial''	Phil Paige	TV, 1 episode
''The Lucy Show''		TV, 1 episode
	''77 Sunset Strip''	Tatum	TV, 1 episode
''Petticoat Junction''	Mr. Cheever	TV, 1 episode
		Steven Blakely	TV, 1 episode
''The Smothers Brothers Show''	Marty Miller	TV, 1 episode
1965–1966		Various roles	TV, 2 episodes
1968		William Joseph Cornelius	TV, 1 episode
1970	''Here's Lucy''	Various roles	TV, 2 episodes
1972	''O'Hara, U.S. Treasury''	Art Prescott	TV, 1 episode
1973	''Adam-12''	Avery Dawson	TV, 1 episode
1979	''Charlie's Angels''	Mills	TV, 1 episode
	''The Dukes of Hazzard''	Carter Stewart	TV, 1 episode
''St. Elsewhere''	Johnny Barnes	TV, 1 episode
1985		Harold	TV, 1 episode
		Mr. Fletcher	TV, 1 episode
''Who's the Boss?''	Ralph	TV, 1 episode
1987	''Newhart''	Cousin Ned	TV, 1 episode

External links

"Great Character Actors"

Lyle Talbot at Talbot Players

Caitlin Talbot http://www.caitlintalbot.com/Site/__Home.html

Category:1902 births Category:1996 deaths Category:Actors from Nebraska Category:People from San Francisco, California Category:American film actors Category:American television actors

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