Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.
Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone.
Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material.
Whilst the English term resembles the French ''marbre'', most other European languages (e.g. Spanish ''mármol'', Italian ''marmo'', Portuguese ''mármore'', German, Norwegian and Swedish ''marmor'', Dutch ''marmer'', Polish ''marmur'', Turkish ''mermer'', Czech ''mramor'' and Russian ''мрáмор'' ) follow the original Greek.
The resulting marble rock is typically composed of an interlocking mosaic of carbonate crystals. Primary sedimentary textures and structures of the original carbonate rock (protolith) have typically been modified or destroyed.
Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of a very pure (silicate-poor) limestone or dolomite protolith. The characteristic swirls and veins of many colored marble varieties are usually due to various mineral impurities such as clay, silt, sand, iron oxides, or chert which were originally present as grains or layers in the limestone.
Green coloration is often due to serpentine resulting from originally high magnesium limestone or dolostone with silica impurities. These various impurities have been mobilized and recrystallized by the intense pressure and heat of the metamorphism.
{| class=wikitable ! Marble name!! Color!! Location!! Country |- | Bucova Marble | white, gray | Băuţar, Caraş-Severin County (applied in Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa) | Romania |- | Carrara marble | white or blue-gray | Carrara | Italy |- | Connemara marble | green | Connemara | Ireland |- | Creole marble | white and blue/black | Pickens County, Georgia | United States |- | Ziarat White marble | Pure white | Ziarat Region | Pakistan |- | Badal marble | Grey, Grayish white | NWFP, Baluchistan | Pakistan |- | Boticena marble | Various Colors and Textures | NWFP, Baluchistan | Pakistan |- | Etowah marble | pink, salmon, rose | Pickens County, Georgia | United States |- | Macael marble | white | Macael, Almeria | Spain |- | Makrana Marble | white | Makrana | India |- | Murphy Marble | white | Pickens and Gilmer Counties, Georgia | United States |- | Parian marble | pure-white, fine-grained | Island of Paros | Greece |- | Pentelic marble | pure-white, fine-grained semitranslucent | Penteliko Mountain, Athens | Greece |- | Phrygian Marble | purple | Phrygia | Turkey |- | Purbeck Marble | Grey/Brown | Isle of Purbeck | United Kingdom |- | Ruskeala Marble | white | near Ruskeala, Karelia | Russia |- | Sienese Marble | yellow, yellowish-white | near Sovicille, Tuscany | Italy |- | Bianco Sivec | white | near Prilep | Republic of Macedonia |- | Sylacauga marble | white | Talladega County, Alabama | United States |- | Tennessee marble | pale pink to cedar-red | Knox, Blount and Hawkins Counties, Tennessee | United States |- | Vermont Marble | white | Proctor, Vermont | United States |- | Yule Marble | uniform pure white | near Marble, Colorado | United States |- | Wunsiedel Marble | white | Wunsiedel, Bavaria | Germany |- |}
Places named after the stone include Marblehead, Ohio; Marblehead, Massachusetts; Marble Arch, London; the Sea of Marmara; India's Marble Rocks; and the towns of Marble, Minnesota; Marble, Colorado; and Marble Hill, Manhattan, New York. The Elgin Marbles are marble sculptures from the Parthenon that are on display in the British Museum. They were brought to Britain by the Earl of Elgin.
Category:Sculpture materials Category:Metamorphic rocks Category:Limestone Category:Marble Category:Stone Category:Greek loanwords
ar:رخام an:Marbre az:Mərmər bs:Mramor br:Marbr bg:Мрамор ca:Marbre cs:Mramor cy:Marmor da:Marmor de:Marmor et:Marmor el:Μάρμαρο es:Mármol eo:Marmoro eu:Haitzurdin fa:سنگ مرمر fr:Marbre ga:Marmar gl:Mármore ko:대리암 hy:Մարմար hi:संगमर्मर hr:Mramor io:Marmoro id:Marmer is:Marmari it:Marmo he:שיש ka:მარმარილო kk:Мәрмәр sw:Marumaru la:Marmor lv:Marmors lt:Marmuras li:Marmer hu:Márvány ml:മാർബിൾ mr:संगमरवर mn:Гантиг nl:Marmer ja:大理石 no:Marmor nn:Marmor oc:Marbre pl:Marmur pt:Mármore ksh:Marmor ro:Marmură qu:Pachar ru:Мрамор scn:Màrmuru simple:Marble sk:Mramor sl:Marmor sr:Мермер sh:Mramor fi:Marmori sv:Marmor th:หินอ่อน tg:Мармар tr:Mermer uk:Мармур ur:سنگ مرمر vec:Màrmaro vi:Đá hoa zh:大理岩
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