Name | Charan Singhचरण सिंह |
---|---|
Office | Prime Minister of India |
President | Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |
Deputy | Yashwantrao Chavan |
Term start | 28 July 1979 |
Term end | 14 January 1980 |
Predecessor | Morarji Desai |
Successor | Indira Gandhi |
Office2 | Minister of Finance |
Primeminister2 | Morarji Desai |
Term start2 | 24 January 1979 |
Term end2 | 28 July 1979 |
Predecessor2 | Haribhai Patel |
Successor2 | Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna |
Office3 | Deputy Prime Minister of India |
Primeminister3 | Morarji Desai |
Alongside3 | Jagjivan Ram |
Term start3 | 24 March 1977 |
Term end3 | 28 July 1979 |
Predecessor3 | Morarji Desai |
Successor3 | Yashwantrao Chavan |
Office4 | Minister of Home Affairs |
Primeminister4 | Morarji Desai |
Term start4 | 24 March 1977 |
Term end4 | 1 July 1978 |
Predecessor4 | Kasu Brahmananda Reddy |
Successor4 | Morarji Desai |
Office5 | Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh |
Governor5 | Bezawada Gopala Reddy |
Term start5 | 18 February 1970 |
Term end5 | 1 October 1970 |
Predecessor5 | Chandra Bhanu Gupta |
Successor5 | Tribhuvan Narain Singh |
Governor6 | Biswanath DasBezawada Gopala Reddy |
Term start6 | 3 April 1967 |
Term end6 | 25 February 1968 |
Predecessor6 | Chandra Bhanu Gupta |
Successor6 | Chandra Bhanu Gupta |
Birth date | December 23, 1902 |
Birth place | Noorpur, British India |
Death date | May 29, 1987 |
Party | Janata Party-Secular (1979–1987) |
Otherparty | Indian National Congress (Before 1967)Bharatiya Lok Dal (1967–1977)Janata Party (1977–1979) |
Spouse | Gayatri Devi |
Alma mater | Agra University |
Religion | Hinduism |
Signature | Charan Singh Signature.svg }} |
Born into a Jat family in 1902, Charan Singh entered politics as part of the Independence Movement. After independence he became particularly notable in the 1950s for opposing and winning a battle against Nehru's socialistic and collectivist land use policies, for the sake of the Indian Farmer, which endeared him to the agrarian communities throughout the nation, particularly in his native Uttar Pradesh.
The leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal, a major constituent of the Janata coalition, he was disappointed in his ambition to become Prime Minister in 1977 by Jayaprakash Narayan's choice of Morarji Desai. He settled at the time for the largely honorary post of Deputy Prime Minister of India. However, the internal stresses of the coalition's government caused him to leave the government with the former Lok Dal, after being promised by Mrs. Gandhi the support of the Congress Party on the floor of the House in any efforts to form a government. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with the support of just 64 MPs.
During his term as Prime Minister the Lok Sabha never met. The day before the Lok Sabha was due to meet for the first time the Indian National Congress withdrew their support from his Bharatiya Lok Dal Government. Choudhary Charan Singh resigned and fresh elections were held six months later.He continued to lead the Lok Dal in opposition till his death in 1987, when he was succeeded as party president by his son Ajit Singh. His association with the causes dear to farming communities in the North caused his memorial in New Delhi to be named Kisan Ghat. (In Hindi, Kisan is the word for farmer.)
The Amausi Airport in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh is also called as Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport after him. The university of Meerut city in Uttar Pradesh, India, is also named after him (Chaudhary Charan Singh University).
Charan Singh was born on 23 December 1902 in village Noorpur, town Hapur, Ghaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh. He was a good student, and received a Masters of Arts degree in 1925 and Law degree in 1926 from Agra University.
In February 1937 he was elected Chhaprouli (Baghpat) to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh (United Provinces) at the age of 34. In 1938 he introduced an Agricultural Produce Market Bill in the Assembly which was published in the issues of The Hindustan Times of Delhi dated 31 March 1938. The Bill was intended to safeguard the interests of the farmers against the rapacity of the traders. The Bill was adopted by most of the States in India, Punjab being the first state to do so in 1940.
Charan Singh followed Mahatma Gandhi in non-violent struggle for independence from the British Government, and was imprisoned several times. In 1930 he was sent to jail for 6 months by the British for contravention of the salt laws. He was jailed again for one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha Movement. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the British under DIR and released in November 1943 .
Charan Singh opposed Nehru on his Soviet Style Economic reform. Charan Singh was of the opinion that cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Being a son of a farmer, Charan Singh opined that the right of ownership was important to the farmer in remaining a cultivator. Charan Singh's political career suffered due to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.
Charan Singh left the Congress party in 1967, and formed his own political party. With the help and support of Raj Narain and Ram Manohar Lohia, he became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1967, and later in 1970. In 1975, he was jailed again, but this time by then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, daughter of his former rival Nehru. She had declared the state of 'Indian Emergency (1975-1977)' and jailed all her political opponents. The Indian populace voted her out, and the opposition party, of which Chaudhary Charan Singh was a senior leader came into power. He served as Deputy prime minister and home minister in Janata government headed by Morarji Desai.
In the year 1979 after Morarji Desai resigned, everybody who came with Raj Narain wanted him to sworn in as the Prime Minister and so Raj Narain was unanimously elected as president of Janata Party Secular (Raj Narain). Mrs. Gandhi also wanted Raj Narain to become Prime Minister then, for many reasons. As Raj Narain promised Chaudhary Charan Singh to make him Prime Minister one day, the way he made him Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh earlier in 1967. Raj Narain chose to be the Chairman of Janata Party Secular and made Chaudhary Charan Singh as its president. With the support of Raj Narain and Congress(I), Chaudhary Charan Singh became Prime Minister in 1979 after Morarji Desai. His speech to the nation on India's Independence Day (15 August 1979) was very prophetic in which he identified Pakistan's nuclear ambition as a major threat to India. He also mentioned that Indian labour laws had to be refined if India were to become competitive in world economy. He also opened high level diplomatic relations with Israel, which Indira Gandhi's government which took office following the 1980 elections curtailed.'
Charan Singh died on 29 May 1987. He was survived by his wife, Gayatri Devi and 2 children. His grandson Jayant Chaudhary is recently elected to 15th Lok Sabha from Mathura
Charan Singh has written several books. Some of them are:
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Category:1902 births Category:1987 deaths Category:Charan Singh administration Category:Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh Category:Finance Ministers of India Category:Janata Party Category:Prime Ministers of India Category:6th Lok Sabha members Category:7th Lok Sabha members Category:8th Lok Sabha members
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