ca:PNB (desambiguació) de:PNB fr:PNB it:PNB pt:PNB
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Coordinates | 45°30′″N73°40′″N |
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name | George Balanchine |
birth name | Georgi Melitonovitch Balanchivadze |
birth date | January 22, 1904 |
birth place | St. Petersburg, Russia |
death date | April 30, 1983 |
death place | New York City |
occupation | choreographer, actor, director |
years active | 1929 - 1983 |
spouse | Tamara Geva (1921-1926)Vera Zorina (1938-1946)Maria Tallchief (1946-1952)Tanaquil LeClercq (1952-1969) }} |
George Balanchine (January 22, 1904 – April 30, 1983), born Giorgi Balanchivadze () in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to a Georgian father and a Russian mother, was one of the 20th century's most famous choreographers, a developer of ballet in the United States, co-founder and balletmaster of New York City Ballet. He was a choreographer known for his musicality; he expressed music with dance and worked extensively with Igor Stravinsky. Thirty-nine of his more than 400 ballets were choreographed to music by Stravinsky.
While still in his teens, Balanchine choreographed his first work, a ''pas de deux'' named ''La Nuit'' (1920, music by Anton Rubinstein). This was followed by another duet, ''Enigma'', with the dancers in bare feet rather than ballet shoes. During 1923, with fellow dancers, Balanchine formed a small ensemble, the Young Ballet. The choreography proved too experimental for the new authorities.
Diaghilev soon promoted Balanchine to balletmaster of the company and promoted his choreography. Between 1924 and Diaghilev's death during 1929, Balanchine created nine ballets, as well as lesser works. During these years, he worked with major composers, such as Prokofiev, Stravinsky, Claude Debussy, Erik Satie and Ravel, and artists who designed sets and costumes, such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Rouault, and Henri Matisse, creating new works that combined all the arts. Among his new works, during 1928 in Paris, Balanchine premiered ''Apollon musagète'' (Apollo and the muses) in a collaboration with Stravinksy; it was one of his most innovative ballets, combining classical ballet and classical Greek myth and images with jazz movement. He described it as "the turning point in my life".
Suffering a serious knee injury, Balanchine had to limit his dancing, effectively ending his performance career. After Diaghilev's death, the Ballets Russes became somewhat disorganized. To earn money, Balanchine began to stage dances for the Cochran Revues in London. He was retained by the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen as a guest ballet master.
When part of the Ballets Russes settled in Monte Carlo, Balanchine joined them and accepted a job as ballet master; directed by René Blum, the company was then named the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo. He choreographed three ballets: ''Cotillon'', ''La Concurrence'', and ''Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme''. His paramour in Monte Carlo was the young Tamara Toumanova, one of the original three "Baby Ballerinas" which the director had selected from the Russian exile community of Paris.
When Blum gave control of the company to Colonel W. de Basil, Balanchine left the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo to act as principal choreographer for the newly-founded Les Ballets 1933. The company was financed by Edward James, a British ballet patron. Boris Kochno, Diaghilev's former secretary and companion, served as artistic advisor. The company lasted only a couple of months during 1933, performing only in Paris and London, when the Great Depression made arts more difficult to fund. Balanchine created several new works, including collaborations with composers Kurt Weill, Darius Milhaud, and Henri Sauguet, and designer Pavel Tchelitchew.
Lincoln Kirstein, a young American arts patron recently graduated from Harvard University, saw Les Ballets 1933. With the goal of establishing a ballet company in the United States, he met with and quickly persuaded Balanchine to relocate there with his assistance. By October of that year, Kirstein had brought Balanchine to New York, where he would begin influencing the character, training and techniques of American ballet and dance.
Balanchine insisted that his first project would be to establish a ballet school because he wanted to develop dancers who had the strong technique and style he wanted. Compared to his classical training, he thought they could not dance well. With the assistance of Lincoln Kirstein and Edward M.M. Warburg, the School of American Ballet opened to students on January 2, 1934, less than 3 months after Balanchine arrived in the U.S. Later that year, Balanchine had his students play a recital, where they premiered his new work ''Serenade'' to music by Tchaikovsky at the Warburg's summer estate. The work, modified by Balanchine over the years, remains a signature work of New York City Ballet nearly 80 years after its premiere.
Between his ballet activities in the 1930s and 1940s, Balanchine choreographed for musical theater with such notables as Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart and Vernon Duke). He greatly admired Fred Astaire, describing him as "the most interesting, the most inventive, the most elegant dancer of our times... you see a little bit of Astaire in everybody's dancing—- a pause here, a move there. It was all Astaire originally."
During 1935, Balanchine formed a professional company named the American Ballet. After failing to organize a tour, the company began performing as the house company for the Metropolitan Opera. In 1936, Balanchine staged Gluck's opera ''Orfeo and Eurydice'' and during 1937 an evening of dance works all choreographed to the music of Igor Stravinsky.
Balanchine continued to work with contemporary composers, for example, setting ''The Four Temperaments'' to music of the same name by Paul Hindemith, a composition which he commissioned in 1940. First performed on November 20, 1946, the modernist work was one of his early abstract and spare ballets, angular and very different in movement.
In 1954 Balanchine created his version of ''The Nutcracker'', in which he played the mime role of Drosselmeyer. The company has since performed the ballet every year in New York City during the Christmas season. One of its most famous productions, ''The Nutcracker'' has been a money-making tradition for NYCB and other companies that perform it. It was filmed for theatrical release in 1993 by director Emile Ardolino, danced by NYCB with specially-written narration spoken by Kevin Kline and released on DVD by Warner Brothers Home Video.
When Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts was constructed, NYCB was offered the New York State Theater (renamed the David H. Koch Theater since 2008 when the billionaire made a donation of one hundred million dollars for major renovations). Balanchine collaborated with architect Philip Johnson in determining its design and finally had a theater large enough for the works he wanted to stage when the house opened in 1964. He often created large-scale works there, from American themes and Broadway, such as ''Stars and Stripes'' for the premiere performance, to drawing from European traditions and music, such as his 1977 ''Vienna Waltzes'', a lavishly-designed one-hour ballet choreographed to music by Johann Strauss, Franz Lehár, and Richard Strauss.
During the 1960s, Balanchine created and revised nearly forty ballets including in 1965 a rare foray into the genre of evening-length story ballets, ''Don Quixote'' in which he played the title role. His created the lead female role for Suzanne Farrell, the young ballerina of whom he was greatly enamored at the time and for whom he would create many roles until the end of his career. Among the most notable is the ''Diamonds'' section of the plotless evening-length three-act ballet ''Jewels'' to music of Tchaikovsky. Some ballerinas, including his former wife Maria Tallchief, quit the company, citing his obsession with Farrell as the reason. Balanchine obtained a Mexican divorce from then-wife Tanaquil LeClercq during this time.
In the summer of 1972, a year after the death of Stravinsky, Balanchine staged another Stravinsky Festival, for which he choreographed several major new works including the "miracle" ballets ''Stravinsky Violin Concerto'' and ''Symphony in Three Movements,'' both of which premiered on June 18, 1972.
After years of illness, Balanchine died on April 30, 1983 in New York City of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, diagnosed only after his death. He first showed symptoms during 1978 when he began losing his balance while dancing. As the disease progressed, his equilibrium, eyesight and hearing deteriorated. By 1982 he was incapacitated. The night of his death, the company went on with its scheduled performance which included ''Divertimeno No. 15'' and ''Symphony in C'' at Lincoln Center. In his last years, Balanchine also suffered from angina and underwent heart bypass surgery.
Category:Soviet defectors Category:Russian choreographers Category:Russian ballet dancers Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Category:People from Saint Petersburg Category:New York City Ballet Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:Ballet dancers from Georgia (country) Category:American people of Georgian (country) descent Category:Danseurs Category:Ballet teachers Category:Ballet masters Category:Ballet choreographers Category:Ballets Russes choreographers Category:Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo choreographers Category:1983 deaths Category:1904 births Category:National Museum of Dance Hall of Fame inductees Category:Deaths from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Category:Infectious disease deaths in New York Category:Handel Medallion recipients Category:Soviet emigrants to the United States Category:Choreographers of New York City Ballet Category:Choreographers of American Ballet Theatre *George Balanchine
bg:Джордж Баланчин ca:George Balanchine da:George Balanchine de:George Balanchine et:George Balanchine es:George Balanchine fr:George Balanchine gl:George Balanchine hr:George Balanchine it:George Balanchine he:ג'ורג' בלנשיין ka:ჯორჯ ბალანჩინი nl:George Balanchine ja:ジョージ・バランシン no:George Balanchine pl:George Balanchine pt:George Balanchine ru:Баланчин, Джордж simple:George Balanchine fi:George Balanchine sv:George Balanchine uk:Джордж БаланчинThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 45°30′″N73°40′″N |
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bgcolour | #6495ED |
name | Christopher Wheeldon |
birth date | March 22, 1973 |
birth place | Yeovil, Somerset |
nationality | English |
field | Ballet |
training | Royal Ballet School |
works | After the Rain · An American in Paris · Carnival of the Animals · Carousel (A Dance) · DGV: Danse à Grande Vitesse · Estancia · Evenfall · Liturgy · Morphoses · The Nightingale and the Rose · Polyphonia · Rococo Variations · Scènes de Ballet · Slavonic Dances · La Stravaganza · Variations Sérieuses · |
awards | Prix de Lausanne }} |
Christopher Wheeldon (born 22 March 1973 in Yeovil, Somerset, England) is an international choreographer of contemporary ballet. Born in Somerset, England, to an engineer and a physical therapist, Wheeldon began training to be a ballet dancer at the age of 8. He attended the Royal Ballet School between the ages of 11 and 18. In 1991, Wheeldon joined the Royal Ballet, London; and in that same year, he won the Gold Medal at the Prix de Lausanne competition. In 1993, at the age of 19, Wheeldon moved to New York City to join the New York City Ballet. Wheeldon was named Soloist in 1998
Wheeldon began choreographing for the New York City Ballet in 1997, while continuing his career as a dancer. He retired as a dancer in 2000 in order to focus on his choreography.
In 2001, Wheeldon became the New York City Ballet resident choreographer and first resident artist. He was productive in this position, choreographing a number of much lauded works for the troupe. He quickly developed a reputation as a talented choreographer, and several other eminent ballet companies, such as the San Francisco Ballet, the Bolshoi Ballet, and the Royal Ballet, London have commissioned dances from him. As of May, 2003, Wheeldon had composed at least 23 works.
In November 2006 Wheeldon announced the formation of Morphoses/The Wheeldon Company, a transatlantic company with a US base at New York City Center and in the UK at Sadler's Wells Theatre, London. In its first season, the company performed in Vail, London and New York. Wheeldon completed his tenure as Resident Choreographer of New York City Ballet in February 2008. In 2009 the City Parks Foundation commissioned Wheeldon and contemporary singer/songwriter Martha Wainwright to create a new work. The piece, entitled "Tears of St. Lawrence," premiered at Central Park SummerStage on August 14 and 15. The fifteen minute ballet, choreographed by Christopher Wheeldon and Edwaard Liang, featured twelve dancers accompanied by live music and song by Wainwright, who sang while intermingling with the dancers. In February, 2010, resigned from Morphoses, which will continue to produce ballets without his name.
In the June/July 2009 issue of The Advocate, Wheeldon was featured on a list of artists who made the "Forty Under 40" list.
Category:People educated at the Royal Ballet School Category:Choreographers of The Royal Ballet Category:English ballet dancers Category:English choreographers Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Prix de Lausanne winners Category:New York City Ballet soloists Category:Ballet choreographers Category:Danseurs Category:New York City Ballet Diamond Project choreographers Category:People from Yeovil Category:National Dance Award winners Category:Mae L. Wien Young Choreographer Award recipients Category:Choreographers of New York City Ballet Christopher Wheeldon
fr:Christopher WheeldonThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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