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1946
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Abdullah I of Jordan
Abdullah I bin al-Hussein, King of Jordan [‘Abd Allāh ibn al-Husayn] (February 1882 – 20 July 1951) (Arabic) عبد الله الأول بن الحسين born in Mecca, Ottoman Empire, (in modern-day Saudi Arabia) was the second of three sons of Sherif Hussein bin Ali, Sharif and Emir of Mecca and his first wife Abdiyya bint Abdullah (d. 1886). He was educated in Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey and Hijaz. From 1909 to 1914, Abdullah sat in the Ottoman legislature, as deputy for Mecca, but allied with Britain during World War I. Between 1916 to 1918, working with the British guerrilla leader T. E. Lawrence, he played a key role as architect and planner of the Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule, leading guerrilla raids on garrisons. He was the ruler of Transjordan and its successor state, Jordan, from 1921 to 1951—first as Emir under a British Mandate from 1921 to 1946, then as King of an independent nation from 1946 until his assassination.
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African-American
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Afsaneh Najmabadi
Afsāneh Najmābādi () (born 1946) is an Iranian-American historian and gender theorist. She is professor of History and of Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality at Harvard University. At present she chairs the Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality. She is further Associate Editor of Encyclopaedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, in six volumes.
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Ahmed H. Zewail
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Akira Kamiya
is a veteran seiyū who was born in Kanagawa Prefecture, Yokohama. He has been represented by Theater Echo, Aoni Production, and others. He is currently represented by Saeba Shoji.
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Alaina Reed Hall
Alaina Reed Hall (November 10, 1946 – December 17, 2009) was an American actress best known for her roles as Olivia, Gordon's younger sister, on the long-running children's television series Sesame Street, and Rose Lee Holloway on the NBC sitcom 227.
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Alan Rickman
Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (born 21 February 1946) is an English actor and theatre director. He is a renowned stage actor in modern and classical productions and a former member of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Rickman is known for his performances in film as Hans Gruber in Die Hard, as Severus Snape in the Harry Potter film series, as Eamon de Valera in Michael Collins, and as Metatron in Dogma.
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Alcide de Gasperi
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Alec Guinness
Sir Alec Guinness, CH, CBE (2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor. He was featured in several of the Ealing Comedies, including Kind Hearts and Coronets in which he played eight different characters. He later won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Colonel Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai. His most prominent role in his later career was as Obi-Wan Kenobi in the original Star Wars trilogy.
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Alejandro Toledo
Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique (born 28 March 1946) is a Peruvian politician and economist. He was President of Peru from 2001 to 2006. He was elected in 2001 defeating former President Alan García. Toledo came to international prominence after leading the opposition against President Alberto Fujimori, who held the presidency from 1990 to 2000.
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Alexander Alekhine
Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (, )When he became a French citizen, "Alekhine" became the correct way to spell his name in the Latin alphabet. He became angry when Russians sometimes pronounced it "Al-YOH-khin", which he regarded as a Yiddish distortion of his name, and insisted that the correct Russian pronunciation was "Al-YEH-khin". See (October 31, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was the fourth World Chess Champion. He is often considered one of the greatest chess players ever.
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Alf Common
Alf Common (25 May 1880 in Millfield – 3 April 1946 in Darlington) was an English footballer who played at inside forward or centre forward. He is most famous for being the first player to be transferred for a fee of £1,000.
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Alfred Jodl
Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German military commander, attaining the position of Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, or OKW) during World War II, acting as deputy to Wilhelm Keitel. At Nuremberg he was tried, sentenced to death and hanged as a war criminal.
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Alfred Rosenberg
(12 January 1893 – 16 October 1946) was an early and intellectually influential member of the Nazi Party. Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart; he later held several important posts in the Nazi government. He is considered one of the main authors of key Nazi ideological creeds, including its racial theory, persecution of the Jews, Lebensraum, abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles, and opposition to "degenerate" modern art. He is also known for his rejection of Christianity, having played an important role in the development of Positive Christianity, which he intended to be transitional to a new Nazi faith. At Nuremberg he was tried, sentenced to death and executed by hanging as a war criminal.
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Alfred Stieglitz
Alfred Stieglitz (January 1, 1864 – July 13, 1946) was an American photographer and modern art promoter who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making photography an accepted art form. In addition to his photography, Stieglitz is known for the New York art galleries that he ran in the early part of the 20th century, where he introduced many avant-garde European artists to the U.S. He was married to painter Georgia O'Keeffe.
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Ali Abdullah Saleh
His Excellency Ali Abdullah Saleh (; born March 21, 1946) Saleh is the first and current President of Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) from 1978 until 1990, when he assumed office of president of Republic of Yemen (North & South Yemen). He is the longest-serving president of Yemen, ruling for more than 32 years and counting.
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Alice Aycock
Alice Aycock (born November 20, 1946) is an American sculptor.
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Amitabh Bachchan
Amitabh Bachchan (, , born Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan on 11 October 1942), is an Indian film actor. He first gained popularity in the early 1970s as the "angry young man" of Bollywood cinema, and has since become one of the most prominent figures in the history of Indian cinema.
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Ananda Mahidol
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramentharamaha Ananda Mahidol Phra Atthama Ramathibodindara (; RTGS: —Ananthamahidon Phra Atthamaramathibodin), or Rama VIII (20 September 1925–9 June 1946) was the eighth monarch of Thailand under the House of Chakri.
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Andrea Allan
Andrea Allan (born 18 November 1946 in Glasgow, Scotland) is an actress who appeared in many British films of the 60's and 70's.
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Andrea Mitchell
Andrea Mitchell (born October 30, 1946) is an American television journalist, anchor, reporter, and commentator for NBC News based in Washington, D.C.. She is the NBC News Chief Foreign Affairs Correspondent, and has recently reported on the 2008 Race for the White House for NBC News broadcasts, including NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams, Today, and MSNBC. She anchors Andrea Mitchell Reports airing at 1pm-2pmET weekdays on MSNBC, has appeared on and guest hosted Meet the Press, and is often a guest on Hardball with Chris Matthews and The Rachel Maddow Show.
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Andrea Zsadon
Andrea Zsadon (18 October 1946) is Hungarian soprano.
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André the Giant
André René Roussimoff (; ) (19 May 1946 – 27 January 1993), best known as André the Giant, was a French professional wrestler and actor. He is also recognized from his role as Fezzik in the classic movie The Princess Bride. His great size was a result of gigantism, and led to him being dubbed "The Eighth Wonder of the World".
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Antoinette Perry
(Mary) Antoinette Perry (June 27, 1888 – June 28, 1946), was an actress, director, and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing. The Tony Awards are her namesake.
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Arthur Seyss-Inquart
Arthur Seyss-Inquart (in German: Seyß-Inquart) (July 22, 1892October 16, 1946) was a lawyer and later Nazi official in pre-Anschluss Austria, the Third Reich and for wartime Germany in Poland and the Netherlands. At the Nuremberg Trials, he was found guilty of crimes against humanity and later executed.
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Barbara Cubin
Barbara Lynn Cubin (born November 30, 1946) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, having served as the sole member of that body from Wyoming. In the 109th Congress, she was a member of the House Resources Committee and the House Energy and Commerce Committee. In the wake of the Democratic takeover of Congress in the 2006 elections, Cubin was relegated to the House Energy and Commerce Committee, as a Member of both the Health and Telecommunications Subcommittees. She was the first woman elected to Congress from Wyoming and also the only member of Congress who was a member of the National Rifle Association Board of Directors.
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Barney Oldfield
Berna Eli "Barney" Oldfield (June 3, 1878 – October 4, 1946) was an automobile racer and pioneer. He was born on a farm on the outskirts of Wauseon, Ohio. He was the first man to drive a car at 60 miles per hour (96 km/h) on an oval. His accomplishments led to the expression "Who do you think you are? Barney Oldfield?"
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Beat Raaflaub
Beat Martin Raaflaub (born August 19, 1946, Winterthur) is a Swiss conductor. He is the brother of Kurt Raaflaub, Professor of Classics and History at Brown University.
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Bee Gees
The Bee Gees
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Ben Hogan
William Ben Hogan (August 13, 1912 – July 25, 1997) was an American golfer, and is generally considered one of the greatest golfers in the history of the game. Born within six months of two other acknowledged golf greats of the twentieth century, Sam Snead and Byron Nelson, Hogan is notable for his profound influence on the golf swing theory and his legendary ball-striking ability, for which he remains renowned among players and fans. His life is depicted in the biographical film Follow the Sun (1951).
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Benny Andersson
Göran Bror "Benny" Andersson (born in Stockholm, Sweden on 16 December 1946) is a Swedish musician, composer, a former member of the Swedish musical group ABBA (1972–1982), and co-composer of the musicals Chess, Kristina från Duvemåla, and Mamma Mia!. He is currently active with his own band Benny Anderssons Orkester (BAO!), and was executive producer for the film version of the musical Mamma Mia!.
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Bernard Dowiyogo
HE Bernard Annen Auwen Dowiyogo (February 14, 1946 – March 9, 2003) was President of the Republic of Nauru.
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Berti Vogts
Hans-Hubert "Berti" Vogts (; born 30 December 1946 in Büttgen) is a retired German footballer and current manager of the Azerbaijan national team.
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Bhumibol Adulyadej
Bhumibol Adulyadej (Royal Institute: Phumiphon Adunyadet; , ; see full title below; born 5 December 1927) is the current King of Thailand. Publicly declared "the Great" (Thai: มหาราช, Maharaja), he is also known as Rama IX. Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world's longest-serving current head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. He was admitted to Siriraj Hospital in September 2009 for flu and pneumonia and has remained in the hospital since. Rumors about his ill-health caused Thai financial markets to tumble in October 2009.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is the former 42nd President of the United States and served from 1993 to 2001. At 46 he was the third-youngest president. He became president at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby boomer president. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the United States Secretary of State. Each received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Yale Law School.
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Billy Preston
William Everett "Billy" Preston (September 2, 1946 – June 6, 2006) was an American rhythm and blues musician from Houston, Texas raised mostly in Los Angeles, California. In addition to his successful, Grammy Award-winning career as a solo artist, Preston collaborated with some of the greatest names in the music industry, including The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Band, Nat King Cole, Little Richard, Eric Burdon, Ray Charles, George Harrison, Elton John, Eric Clapton, Bob Dylan, Sam Cooke, King Curtis, Sammy Davis Jr., Aretha Franklin, the Jackson 5, Quincy Jones, Mick Jagger, Richie Sambora, Sly Stone, Johnny Cash, Neil Diamond, the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Ringo Starr. He played the Fender Rhodes electric piano and the Hammond organ on the Get Back sessions in 1969.
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Björn Granath
Björn Gösta Tryggve Granath (born April 5, 1946) is a Swedish actor.
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Blake Clark
Blake Clark (born February 2, 1946) is an American actor, voice artist, comedian, and veteran of the Vietnam War, having served as a Captain with the 101st Airborne Division.
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Bob Beamon
Robert "Bob" Beamon (born August 29, 1946) is an American former track and field athlete, best known for his long-standing world record in the long jump at the Mexico Olympics in 1968, which remained the world record for 23 years. This is the second longest holding of this record, as Jesse Owens held the record for 25 years, 1935-1960.
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Bob Seagren
Robert "Bob" Seagren (born October 17, 1946) was an American pole vaulter, the 1968 Olympic champion.
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Bobby Bonds
Bobby Lee Bonds (March 15, 1946–August 23, 2003) was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball from to , primarily with the San Francisco Giants. Noted for his outstanding combination of power hitting and speed, he was the first player to have more than two seasons of 30 home runs and 30 stolen bases, doing so a record five times (the record was matched only by his son Barry), and was the first to accomplish the feat in both major leagues; he became the second player to hit 300 career home runs and steal 300 bases, joining Willie Mays. Together with Barry, he is part of baseball's most accomplished father-son combination, holding the record for combined home runs, RBIs, and stolen bases [http://sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com/team/player_career.jsp?player_id=111188]. A dangerous leadoff hitter, he also set major league records for most times leading off a game with a home run in a career (35) and a season (11, in ); both records have since been broken. He batted and threw right-handed.
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Bon Scott
Ronald Belford "Bon" Scott (9 July 1946 – 19 February 1980) was a Scottish-born Australian rock musician, best known for being the lead singer and lyricist of Australian hard rock band AC/DC from 1974 until his death in 1980. He was born in Kirriemuir, Scotland, and moved to Melbourne, Australia with his family in 1952 at the age of six.
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Brenda Blethyn
Brenda Anne Blethyn, OBE (born 20 February 1946) is an English actress and author who has worked in theatre, television, and film.
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Brenda Howard
Brenda Howard (December 24, 1946 – June 28, 2005) was an American bisexual rights activist and sex-positive feminist. Howard was an important figure in the modern LGBT rights movement.
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Brian Cadd
Brian George Cadd (born 29 November 1946, Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian singer-songwriter, keyboardist and producer who has performed as a member of The Groop, Axiom, Flying Burrito Brothers and solo. Although he was briefly called Brian Caine in late 1966, when first joining The Groop, he is generally known as Brian Cadd.
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Bruce Palmer
Bruce Palmer (September 9, 1946 – October 1, 2004) was a Canadian musician notable for playing bass guitar in the folk rock band Buffalo Springfield.
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Campbell Tait
Admiral Sir William Eric Campbell Tait KCB MVO OON (12 August 1886 - 17 July 1946) was a senior British naval officer and the fifth Governor of Southern Rhodesia, serving from 1945-46.
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Candace Pert
Candace Beebe Pert (born June 26, 1946) is an American neuroscientist and pharmacologist who discovered the opiate receptor, the cellular binding site for endorphins in the brain.
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Candice Bergen
Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress and former fashion model.
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Candy Lightner
Candace Lynne "Candy" Lightner (born May 30, 1946) is the organizer and founding president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). On May 3, 1980, Lightner’s 13-year-old daughter, Cari Lightner, was killed by a hit-and-run driver as she walked down a suburban street in Fair Oaks, California. "I promised myself on the day of Cari’s death that I would fight to make this needless homicide count for something positive in the years ahead", Candy Lightner later wrote.
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Carrie Jacobs-Bond
Carrie Minetta Jacobs-Bond (August 11, 1862 – December 28, 1946) was an American singer, pianist, and songwriter who composed some 175 pieces of popular sheet music from the 1890s through the early 1940s.
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Catharine MacKinnon
Catharine Alice MacKinnon (born October 7, 1946) is an American feminist, scholar, lawyer, teacher and activist.
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Charles Bolden
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (, or ; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969.
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was the most popular British novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literature's most iconic characters.
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Charlotte Rampling
Charlotte Rampling, OBE (born Tessa Charlotte Rampling; 5 February 1946) is an French actress. Her career spans four decades in English-language as well as French and Italian cinema.
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Chaviva Hosek
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Cheech Marin
Richard Anthony "Cheech" Marin (born July 13, 1946) is an American comedian and actor who gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s, and as Don Johnson's partner, Insp. Joe Dominguez on Nash Bridges. He has also voiced characters in several Disney movies, including Oliver and Company, The Lion King, and Cars. The thick Mexican accent he often uses is a part of a comic persona, rather than a natural accent.
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Chelsea Brown
Chelsea Brown (born , Chicago, Illinois) is an African-American actress who appeared as a regular performer in the ''Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In TV program. She also appeared in and the film Sweet Charity''.
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Cher
Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian on May 20, 1946) is an American recording artist, actress, director and record producer. Referred to as the Goddess of Pop, she has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, three Golden Globes, a Cannes Film Festival Award and a People's Choice Award for her work in film, music and television.
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Chris Tarrant
Christopher John "Chris" Tarrant, OBE (born 10 October 1946) is an English radio and television broadcaster, now best known for hosting the first version of the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom and later Ireland, as the two national versions of the show merged in 2002.
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Chrystos
Chrystos (born 7 November 1946) is a Menominee rights activist and poet. Prior to being published, she worked as a home caretaker, and an activist for Turtle Mountain Band of Chipewa, Norma Jean Croy (involved in a firefight with police), and Leonard Peltier.
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Cissy King
Cissy King (born Claire Yvonne King on January 3, 1946 in Trinidad, Colorado) is an American-born singer and dancer best known as a featured performer on The Lawrence Welk Show television program.
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Claude Lelièvre
Claude Lelièvre (born May 19, 1946) is the Commissioner for Children Rights of the French (i.e., French-speaking) Community of Belgium.
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Claude Vorilhon
Claude Maurice Marcel Vorilhon (born September 30, 1946 in Vichy, Allier, France) is the founder and current leader of the UFO religion known as Raëlism.
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Clement Attlee
Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC, FRS (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British Labour politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, and as the Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. He was also the first person to hold the office of Deputy Prime Minister, under Winston Churchill in the wartime coalition government, before leading the Labour Party to a landslide election victory over Churchill's Conservative Party in 1945. He was the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term, and the first to command a Labour majority in Parliament.
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Cliff Balsam
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Connie Kreski
Connie Kreski (September 19, 1946, Wyandotte, Michigan – March 21, 1995, Beverly Hills, California) was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for January 1968 and was Playmate of the Year for 1969. Kreski had long taffy-colored hair and blue eyes.
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Corrine Brown
Corrine Brown (born November 11, 1946) an American politician, has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1993, representing . The district includes parts of Duval, Clay, Putnam, Alachua, Volusia, Marion, Lake, Seminole, and Orange Counties. She currently serves on the House Transportation and Infrastructure and Veterans Affairs Committees and Chairs the Transportation Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines and Hazardous Materials.
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Countee Cullen
Countee Cullen (May 30, 1903 –January 9, 1946) was an American Romantic poet. Cullen was one of the leading poets of his time and one of the lights of the Harlem Renaissance.
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Damon Runyon
Alfred Damon Runyon (October 4, 1880 – December 10, 1946) was a newspaperman and writer.
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Danny Glover
Danny Lebern Glover (born July 22, 1946) is an American actor, film director, and political activist. Glover is well known for his roles as Mr. Albert Johnson in The Color Purple, as Michael Harrigan in Predator 2, and as Detective Roger Murtaugh in the Lethal Weapon film franchise. He has also appeared in many other movies, television shows, and theatrical performances. He is very active in and strongly supports various humanitarian and political causes.
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Dave Goelz
Dave Goelz (born July 16, 1946) is a puppeteer best-known for his association with The Muppets, and in particular with the Muppet character Gonzo.
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Dave Hill
David John Hill (born 4 April 1946, in Flete House Hospital, Holbeton, near Kingsbridge, Devon, England, UK) is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist in the English glam rock group, Slade.
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Dave Mason
David Thomas "Dave" Mason (born 10 May 1946) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and guitarist from Worcester, who first found fame with the rock band Traffic. In his long career, Mason has played and recorded with many of the era's most notable musicians, including Jimi Hendrix, Michael Jackson, The Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Fleetwood Mac and Cass Elliot. Mason's best known song is "Feelin' Alright", recorded by Traffic in 1968 and covered by dozens of artists, including Joe Cocker, who had a major hit with the song in 1969. For Traffic, he also wrote "Hole in My Shoe", a kind of psychedelic satire that became a classic in its own right. "We Just Disagree", Mason's 1977 solo hit written by Jim Krueger, has become a staple of Oldies and Adult Contemporary radio playlists.
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David Lean
Sir David Lean CBE (25 March 190816 April 1991) was a British filmmaker, producer, screenwriter and editor, best remembered for big-screen epics such as The Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia,
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David Lynch
David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker and visual artist. Over a lengthy career, Lynch has employed a distinctive, unorthodox (and now known as "Lynchian") approach to narrative filmmaking that has become instantly recognizable to many audiences and critics worldwide. Lynch's films are known for nightmarish and dreamlike images and meticulous sound design. Lynch's work often depicts a seedy underside to small-town America (particularly Blue Velvet and Twin Peaks) or sprawling California metropolises (Lost Highway, Mulholland Drive, and his latest release, Inland Empire). Beginning with his experimental film-school feature Eraserhead (1977), he has maintained a strong cult following while experiencing inconsistent commercial success.
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Dean Martin
Dean Martin (June 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) was an American singer, film actor and comedian. Martin's hit singles included "Memories Are Made of This", "That's Amore", "Everybody Loves Somebody", "Mambo Italiano", "Sway", "Volare" and posthumous smash "Ain't That a Kick in the Head?". Nicknamed the "King of Cool", he was one of the members of the "Rat Pack" and a major star in four areas of show business: concert stage/night clubs, recordings, motion pictures, and television.
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Demond Wilson
Grady Demond Wilson (born October 13, 1946) is an American actor, author and pastor. He was known for his role opposite Redd Foxx as Fred Sanford's long-suffering son, Lamont Sanford, in the 1970s NBC-TV sitcom Sanford and Son.
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Dennis Chavez
Dionisio "Dennis" Chavez (April 8, 1888 – November 18, 1962) was a Democratic politician from the U.S. State of New Mexico who served in the United States House of Representatives, and in the United States Senate from 1935 to 1962.
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Dennis Dugan
Dennis Dugan (born September 5, 1946) is an American actor, film and television director. He is most famous for his partnership with comedic actor Adam Sandler.
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Diane Francis
Diane Francis (born 14 Nov 1946, Chicago, Illinois) is a Canadian journalist, author, and editor-at-large for the National Post newspaper since 1998. She was previously the Editor of the Financial Post from 1991 to 1998, when it was taken over by the National Post and incorporated into it. She has been a columnist with the Financial Post since 1987 and her columns are syndicated. She also a regular contributor to the Huffington Post, a broadcaster, and author of nine books on Canadian socio-economic subjects.
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Diane Keaton
Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall; January 5, 1946) is an American film actress, director, producer, and writer. Keaton began her career on stage, and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams-Corleone in The Godfather (1972), but the films that shaped her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen beginning with Play It Again, Sam in 1972. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actor. Her fourth, Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.
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Dick Wolf
Richard Anthony "Dick" Wolf (born December 20, 1946) is an American producer, specializing in crime dramas such as Miami Vice and the Law & Order franchise. Throughout his career he has won several awards including an Emmy Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
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Dimitris Christofias
Dimitris Christofias also Demetris () is a left-wing Greek Cypriot politician and the current and sixth President of the Republic of Cyprus. Christofias was the General Secretary of AKEL and is Cyprus's first, and the European Union's first and so far only, communist head of state. He won the 2008 Cypriot presidential elections in the second round of voting. Throughout the election campaign, he pledged to restart talks with Turkish Cypriots in order to find a solution to the Cyprus dispute and reunify the island. He has also supported the closure of the British military bases on Cyprus.
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Dolly Parton
Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, author, multi-instrumentalist, actress and philanthropist, best-known for her work in country music.
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Don Powell
Don Powell (born Donald George Powell, 10 September 1946, Bilston, Staffordshire, England) is a drummer who founded the English glam rock group, Slade.
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Donald Meek
Donald Meek (14 July 1878 – 18 November 1946) was a Scottish-born American character actor. He first worked as a stage actor and later became a film actor, starring in several movies including The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Little Miss Broadway, and State Fair. Before becoming an actor, he fought in the Spanish-American War and contracted yellow fever which caused him to lose his hair. He was often cast as timid, worrisome characters in many of his films, and is perhaps best known for his roles as Mr. Poppins in Frank Capra's ''You Can't Take It With You'' and as Samuel Peacock in John Ford's Stagecoach.
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Donald Trump
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American business magnate, socialite, author and television personality. He is the Chairman and CEO of the Trump Organization, a US-based real-estate developer. Trump is also the founder of Trump Entertainment Resorts, which operates numerous casinos and hotels across the world. Trump's extravagant lifestyle and outspoken manner have made him a celebrity for years, a status amplified by the success of his NBC reality show, The Apprentice (where he serves as host and executive producer).
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Donna Reed
Donna Reed (January 27, 1921 – January 14, 1986) was an American film and television actress.
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Donovan
Donovan (Donovan Philips Leitch, born 10 May 1946, in Maryhill, Glasgow), is a British singer-songwriter and guitarist. Emerging from the British folk scene, he developed an eclectic and distinctive style that blended folk, jazz, pop, psychedelia, and world music.
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Dorothy Gibson
Dorothy Gibson (May 17, 1889 – February 17, 1946) was a pioneering American silent film actress, artist's model and singer active in the early 20th century. She is best remembered as a survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic.
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Dorothy Moore
Dorothy Moore (born 13 October 1946, Jackson, Mississippi) is an American pop, R&B;, and soul singer best known for her 1976 hit song, "Misty Blue".
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Doug Ingle
Doug Ingle (born September 9, 1945 in Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.) is a founding member and former organist, vocalist and primary composer for the band Iron Butterfly. He also had a short stint with the pop group Stark Naked and the Car Thieves in the early 1970s after he left Iron Butterfly.
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Drafi Deutscher
Drafi Deutscher (9 May 1946 – 9 June 2006) was a German singer and composer.
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Ed O'Neill
Edward Phillip "Ed" '''O'Neill, Jr.' (born April 12, 1946) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as the main character, Al Bundy, on the Fox Network sitcom Married... with Children'', for which he was nominated for two Golden Globes. O'Neill is often cast as an old police detective or FBI agent in television shows and films. He can currently be seen on the ABC sitcom Modern Family in the role of Jay Pritchett.
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Ed O'Ross
'''Ed O'Ross' (born July 4, 1956) is an American actor perhaps best known for playing the giggling spectacled gangster Itchy in Dick Tracy, ruthless Georgian mobster Viktor Rostavili in Red Heat, and tough-then-alien-possessed police detective Cliff Willis in The Hidden''.
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Edgar Winter
Edgar Holland Winter (born December 28, 1947), is an American musician. Edgar is a multi-instrumentalist, performing on the keyboards, and as a vocalist, saxophonist and percussionist, well-versed in jazz, blues and rock. He was most successful in the 1970s with his band, The Edgar Winter Group. He is easily recognized by his albinism.
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Edita Gruberova
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Edith Leyrer
Edith Leyrer (born October 25, 1946) is an actress born in Vienna, Austria. She has appeared in films such as Wenn die kleinen Veilchen blühen, as well as appearing in the television programme The Mixer.
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Edward Bowes
Edward Bowes (14 June 1874, San Francisco – 13 June 1946, Rumson, New Jersey) was an American radio personality of the 1930s and 40s whose ''Major Bowes' Amateur Hour'' was the best-known amateur talent show in radio during its eighteen-year (1934-1952) run on NBC and CBS.
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Edward Sheldon
Edward Brewster Sheldon ( Chicago, Illinois, February 4, 1886 – April 1, 1946, New York City) was an American dramatist. His plays include Salvation Nell (1908) and Romance (1913), which was made into a motion picture with Greta Garbo.
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Edwina Currie
Edwina Currie née Cohen (born 13 October 1946) is a former British Member of Parliament. First elected as a Conservative Party MP in 1983, she was a Junior Health Minister for two years, before resigning in 1988 over the controversy over salmonella in eggs. By the time Currie lost her seat in 1997, she had begun a new career as a novelist and broadcaster.
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Egon von Furstenberg
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Eileen Gordon
Eileen Gordon (born 22 October 1946) is a politician in the United Kingdom.
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Elfriede Jelinek
Elfriede Jelinek () (born 20 October 1946) is an Austrian playwright and novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2004 for her "musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that, with extraordinary linguistic zeal, reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power."
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Ellen Meloy
Ellen Meloy (June 21, 1946 California – November 4, 2004 Bluff, Utah) was an American nature writer.
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Emerson Fittipaldi
Emerson Fittipaldi (born December 12, 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian automobile racing driver who throughout a long and successful career won championships in both Formula One and CART, as well as winning the Indianapolis 500 twice.
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Emily Greene Balch
Emily Greene Balch (January 8, 1867 – January 9, 1961) was an American academic, writer, and pacifist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 (the prize that year was shared with John Mott), notably for her work with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).
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Emma Cohen
Emma Cohen (born Emmanuela Beltrán Rahola; November 21, 1946) is a Spanish actress, director, producer and writer. She has appeared in many Spanish language films.
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Enver Hoxha
(pronounced , 16 October 1908 11 April 1985) was the leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He also served as Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954, Minister of Defense from 1944 to 1953, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1946 to 1953, Chairman of the Democratic Front from 1945 to his death, and as Commander-in-Chief of the Albanian armed forces from 1944 to his death.
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Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 – 16 October 1946) was a senior Austrian official during World War II, holding the offices of Chief of the RSHA, and President of Interpol from 1943 to 1945. He was the highest-ranking SS leader to face trial at the first Nuremberg Trials, having the full rank of Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei und Waffen-SS. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed.
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Eugene Levy
Eugene Levy (born December 17, 1946) is a Canadian actor, television director, producer, musician, and writer. He is known for his work in Canadian television series, American movies, and television movies. He is the only actor to have starred in all seven of the American Pie films, as Noah Levenstein.
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Eva Perón
María Eva Duarte de Perón (; 7 May 1919 – 26 July 1952) was the second wife of President Juan Perón (1895–1974) and served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is often referred to as simply Eva Perón, or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita, which literally translates into English as "Little Eva".
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Eva-Britt Svensson
Eva-Britt Svensson (born 5 December 1946 in Värnamo, Småland) is a Swedish politician and Member of the European Parliament. She is a member of the Left Party, vice-chair of the EUL–NGL group, and chair of the European Parliament's Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality.
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Fabio Capello
Fabio Capello (born 18 June 1946) is a retired Italian footballer and current manager of the England national football team, having started the role in January 2008.
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Fernando Balzaretti
Fernando Balzaretti (June 10, 1946 – September 5, 1998) was a late Mexican actor.
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Fernando Buesa
Fernando Buesa Blanco (29 May 1946 – 22 February 2000) was a Spanish Basque politician in the Basque Christian Democracy and in the Socialist Party of Euskadi - Euskadiko Ezkerra (PSE-EE) branch of the social democratic Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He was assassinated by ETA.
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Finlay Currie
Finlay Jefferson Currie (20 January 1878 – 9 May 1968) was a Scottish actor on stage, screen and television.
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Florence Turner
Florence Turner (January 6, 1885 – August 28, 1946) was an American actress, who became known as the "Vitagraph Girl" in early silent movies.
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Francis L. Sullivan
Francis Loftus Sullivan (6 January 1903, Wandsworth, London - 19 November 1956, New York City) was an English film and stage actor. He attended Stonyhurst, the Jesuit public school in Lancashire, England whose alumni include Charles Laughton and Arthur Conan Doyle.
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Francisco Franco
Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade, (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975), commonly known as Franco (), was a Spanish military general and dictator, head of state of Spain from October 1936 (whole nation from 1939 onwards), and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November 1975. As head of state, Franco used the title Caudillo de España, por la gracia de Dios, meaning; Leader of Spain, by the grace of God.
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Francisco Trois
Francisco Trois (born 3 September 1946 in Canoas, Brazil) is a Brazilian chess International Master and International Arbiter (1986). He won the South American Chess Championship in 1978, in Tramandai, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. He qualified for the Riga Interzonal in 1979, but finished with a disappointing result of +2 =6 -9. His two victories from that tournament were against Florin Gheorghiu and Gennady Kuzmin. He represented Brazil in the Chess Olympiads in 1978 and 1982.
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Francisco Varela
Francisco Javier Varela García (September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001), was a Chilean biologist, philosopher and neuroscientist who, together with his teacher Humberto Maturana, is best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology.
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Frank Capra
Frank Russell Capra (May 18, 1897 – September 3, 1991) was a Sicilian-born American film director and a creative force behind a number of films of the 1930s and 1940s, including It Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Lost Horizon (1937), ''You Can't Take It With You (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), Meet John Doe (1941), Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) and It's a Wonderful Life'' (1946).
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Franz Xaver Kroetz
Franz Xaver Kroetz (born 25 February 1946, Munich) is a German author, playwright, actor and film director.
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François Bozizé
François Bozizé Yangouvonda (born October 14, 1946) is the President of the Central African Republic. He came to power in March 2003 after leading a rebellion against President Ange-Félix Patassé and ushered in a transitional period of government. He won the country's 2005 presidential election; he received the most votes in the first round in March 2005, but less than a majority, requiring a runoff election, which he won in May 2005.
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Freddie Mercury
Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara (Gujarati: ફ્રારુક બુલ્સારા), 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British musician, best known as the lead vocalist and a songwriter of the rock band Queen. As a performer, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and powerful vocals over a four-octave range. As a songwriter, Mercury composed many hits for Queen, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" and "We Are the Champions". In addition to his work with Queen, he led a solo career, penning hits such as "Barcelona", "I Was Born to Love You" and "Living on My Own". Mercury also occasionally served as a producer and guest musician (piano or vocals) for other artists.
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Frederik de Groot
Frederik Percy de Groot (born May 23, 1946 in Bilthoven) is a Dutch actor. In the Netherlands he appeared in the detective series Bureau Kruislaan and its spin-off Unit 13.
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Fritz Sauckel
Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a Nazi war criminal, who organized the systematic enslavement of millions from lands occupied by Nazi Germany. He was General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from 1942 until the end of the war, after which he was tried and executed.
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Gene Lamont
Gene William Lamont (born December 25, 1946 in Rockford, Illinois) is a former catcher and manager in Major League Baseball who managed the Chicago White Sox (1992–1995) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1997–2000). He batted as a left-handed hitter, but threw right-handed during his playing career. Currently,
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Gene Siskel
Eugene Kal "Gene" Siskel (January 26, 1946 – February 20, 1999) was an American film critic and journalist for the Chicago Tribune. Alongside colleague Roger Ebert, he hosted the popular review show Siskel & Ebert At the Movies from 1975 until his death.
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George Arliss
George Arliss (10 April 1868 – 5 February 1946) was an English actor, author, playwright and filmmaker who found success in the United States. He was the first British actor to win an Academy Award.
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George Best
George Best (22 May 1946 – 25 November 2005) was a Northern Irish professional football player, best known for his years with Manchester United. He was a winger whose game combined pace, acceleration, balance, two-footedness, goalscoring and the ability to beat defenders. In 1968, his annus mirabilis, he won the European Cup with Manchester United, and was named the European Footballer of the Year. When fit, he was an automatic choice for the Northern Ireland team, but he was unable to lead them to the World Cup qualification, despite being capped 37 times and scoring nine goals.
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George Duke
George Duke (born 12 January 1946 in San Rafael, California) is a piano and synthesizer pioneer and singer. He made a name for himself with the album The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio. He is known for his solo work as well as for his collaborations with other musicians, particularly Frank Zappa.
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George E. Stewart
George Evans Stewart (August 2, 1872–March 2, 1946) was a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine-American War.
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George Gandy
George Sheppard "Dad" Gandy (October 20, 1851 – November 25, 1946) was a business executive and developer, best known for constructing the original Gandy Bridge, the first bridge to span the Tampa Bay. He is also known for developing numerous buildings and transportation lines in Philadelphia and St. Petersburg, Florida.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
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Gerhart Hauptmann
Gerhart Hauptmann (15 November 1862—6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1912.
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Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer and thinker who spent most of her life in France. She was well known due to her writing, art collection and the many people (some of whom were, or became, famous) who visited her Paris salon.
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Gianni Versace
Gianni Versace (December 2, 1946, Reggio Calabria – July 15, 1997) was an Italian fashion designer and founder of Gianni Versace S.p.A., an international fashion house, which produces accessories, fragrances, makeup and home furnishings as well as clothes. He also designed costumes for the theatre and films, and was a friend of Elton John, Sting, and Princess Diana among many others. Openly gay, Versace and his partner Antonio D'Amico were regulars on the international party scene. Versace was murdered outside his Miami Beach home, the former Casa Casuarina now known as [http://www.thevillabybartong.com The Villa By Barton G.], at the age of 50 by spree killer Andrew Cunanan.
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Gilbert N. Lewis
Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond (see his Lewis dot structures and his 1916 paper "The Atom and the Molecule"), his purification of heavy water, his reformulation of chemical thermodynamics in a mathematically rigorous manner accessible to ordinary chemists, his theory of Lewis acids and bases, and his photochemical experiments. In 1926, Lewis coined the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy. He was a brother of Alpha Chi Sigma, the professional chemistry fraternity, and for most of his long professor career, a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Gilda Radner
Gilda Susan Radner (June 28, 1946 – May 20, 1989) was an American comedienne and actress, best known for her five years as part of the original cast of the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, for which she won an Emmy Award. Radner's death at age 42 from ovarian cancer helped increase public awareness of the disease and the need for earlier detection and treatment.
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Giuseppe Sinopoli
Giuseppe Sinopoli (; 2 November 1946 – 20 April 2001) was an Italian conductor and composer.
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Gloria Loring
Gloria Loring (born Gloria Jean Goff; December 10, 1946) is an American singer and actress.
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Gonzalo Márquez
Gonzalo Enrique Márquez Moya (March 31, 1946 - December 20, 1984), better known as Gonzalo Márquez [MAR-kez], was a Major League Baseball first baseman and left-handed batter who played for the Oakland Athletics (1972-73) and Chicago Cubs (1973-74). He was born in Carúpano, Sucre State, Venezuela.
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Gram Parsons
Gram Parsons (November 5, 1946 – September 19, 1973) was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and pianist. Parsons is best known for his work within the country genre; he also mixed blues, folk, and rock to create what he called "Cosmic American Music". Besides recording as a solo artist, he also worked in several notable bands, including the International Submarine Band, The Byrds and The Flying Burrito Brothers. His career, though short, is described by Allmusic as "enormously influential" for both country and rock, "blending the two genres to the point that they became indistinguishable from each other."
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Greg Cook
Gregory Lynn Cook (born November 20, 1946 in Dayton, Ohio), is a former American collegiate and Professional Football quarterback.
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Gregory Hines
Gregory Oliver Hines (February 14, 1946 – August 9, 2003) was an American actor, singer, dancer and choreographer.
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Guus Hiddink
Guus Hiddink (; born 8 November 1946) is a former Dutch footballer, who gained worldwide fame as a football manager. He is the current manager of the Turkish national football team. He is considered to be one of the best managers of his generation and was the best-paid coach of international football in 2009. He is recognised for winning the European treble (Eredivisie, Dutch Cup and European Cup) with PSV Eindhoven; managing the Netherlands to semi-finals of World Cup 1998; leading South Korea to a fourth place finish in the 2002 FIFA World Cup; leading Australia to their best ever finish in the 2006 FIFA World Cup; leading Russia to the semi-finals of Euro 2008, Russia's best performance since the breakup of the Soviet Union; and reviving Chelsea by winning the FA Cup in 2009 against Everton. He is currently the manager of the Turkish national team. His contract with the Russian national team expired June 20, 2010. Hiddink has also previously managed teams like Fenerbahçe, Valencia, and Real Madrid.
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Gwyneth Powell
Gwyneth Powell (born 15 November 1946 in Levenshulme, Manchester) is an English actress who is most known for her portrayal of headmistress Bridget McCluskey in the BBC television series Grange Hill for eleven series between 1981 and 1991.
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H de Kantzow
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H.G. Wells
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Haile Gerima
Haile Gerima (born Gondar, Ethiopia, March 4, 1946) is an Ethiopian film director, screenwriter, writer, producer, and philosopher who resides in Washington, DC. He is one of a handful of African filmmakers to earn international fame. He has been a professor of film at Howard University in Washington, DC, since 1975. His best-known film is the acclaimed Sankofa (1993).
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Hanan Ashrawi
Dr Hanan Daoud Khalil Ashrawi (b. October 8, 1946) is a Palestinian Christian legislator, activist, and scholar. She was a protégé and later colleague and close friend of Edward Said. Ashrawi was an important leader during the First Intifada, served as the official spokesperson for the Palestinian Delegation to the Middle East peace process, and has been elected numerous times to the Palestinian Legislative Council. Ashrawi is a member of Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad's Third Way party.
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Hans Frank
Hans Michael Frank (May 23, 1900 – October 16, 1946) was a German lawyer who worked for the Nazi party during the 1920s and 1930s and later became a high-ranking official in Nazi Germany. He was prosecuted during the Nuremberg trials for his role in perpetrating the Holocaust during his tenure as the Governor-General of that portion of occupied Poland that was not incorporated into the Reich, although administered by the Nazis, and known as the General Government. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed on October 16, 1946.
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Harold Shipman
Harold Frederick "Fred" Shipman (14 January 1946 – 13 January 2004) was a convicted English serial killer. A doctor by profession, he is among the most prolific serial killers in recorded history with 218 murders being positively ascribed to him, although the real number is likely to be higher than this.
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Harry Hopkins
:''This article is about the politician, for the British tank named for him, see Light Tank Mk VIII
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Harry Truman
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Harvey Goldsmith
Harvey Goldsmith CBE (born 4 May 1946 in Edgware, Middlesex) is a British performing arts promoter. He is best known as promoter of rock concerts, charity concerts, television broadcasts for the Prince's Trust and more recently the Teenage Cancer Trust shows at the Royal Albert Hall.
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Henry Lehrman
Henry Lehrman (April 21, 1886 – November 7, 1946) was an American actor, screenwriter and film director and producer.
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Henry Travers
Henry Travers (5 March 1874 – 18 October 1965) was an English actor.
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Herman Brood
Hermanus "Herman" Brood (pronounced "Hairmon Broat" /bro:t/; November 5, 1946 - July 11, 2001) was a Dutch musician, painter and media personality. Initially a musician who achieved artistic and commercial success in the 1970s and 1980s, and called "the Netherlands' greatest and only rock 'n' roll star," later in life he became a well-known painter.
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Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ; 12 January 1893– 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. He was a veteran of the First World War as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite ("The Blue Max"). He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader 1, the air squadron of Manfred von Richthofen, "The Red Baron".
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Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse () (July 2, 1877 – August 9, 1962) was a German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best-known works include Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game (also known as Magister Ludi), each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality.
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Hideki Tōjō
Hideki Tōjō (Kyūjitai: ; Shinjitai: ; ) (30 December 1884 23 December 1948) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), a leader of the Taisei Yokusankai, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from 18 October 1941 to 22 July 1944. Some historians hold him responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor, which led to America entering World War II. After the end of the war, Tōjō was sentenced to death for war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and hanged on 23 December 1948.
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Hiroshi Ōshima
Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese ambassador to Nazi Germany during World War II — and unknowingly a major source of communications intelligence for the Allies. His role was perhaps best summed up by General George S. Marshall, who identified Ōshima as "our main basis of information regarding Hitler's intentions in Europe".
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Ho Chi Minh
Hồ Chí Minh (, Chữ Nôm: 胡志明), born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyễn Ái Quốc (19 May 1890 – 3 September 1969) was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1946–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He formed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and led the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War until his death.
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Howard Hughes
Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was an American aviator, engineer, industrialist, film producer, film director, philanthropist, and one of the wealthiest people in the world. He gained prominence from the late 1920s as a maverick film producer, making big-budget and often controversial films like ''Hell's Angels, Scarface and The Outlaw''. Hughes was one of the most influential aviators in history: he set multiple world air-speed records, built the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 "Hercules" (better known to history as the "Spruce Goose") aircraft, and acquired and expanded Trans World Airlines. Hughes is also remembered for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle in later life, caused in part by a worsening obsessive–compulsive disorder. His legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Howard Hyde Russell
Howard Hyde Russell (1855-1946) was the founder of the Anti-Saloon League.
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Howard Shore
Howard Leslie Shore (born October 18, 1946) is a Canadian composer, notable for his film scores. He has composed the scores for over 40 films, most notably the scores for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, for which he won three Academy Awards. He is also a consistent collaborator with director David Cronenberg, having scored all but one of his films since 1979.
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Humbert II of Italy
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Ilie Năstase
Ilie Năstase (, born July 19, 1946, in Bucharest, Romania) is a former Romanian professional tennis player, one of the world's top players of the 1970s. Năstase was the World No. 1 tennis player between 1973 (August 23) and 1974 (June 2). He is one of the five players in history to win more than 100 ATP professional titles (57 singles and 45 in doubles). He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1991. Năstase won seven Grand Slam titles: two in singles, three in men's doubles, and two in mixed doubles. He also won four ATP World Tour Finals championships. In 2005, Tennis magazine ranked him as the 28th-best player of the preceding forty years.
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Interpol
Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956.
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Ion Antonescu
Ion Victor Antonescu (June 15, 1882 – June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier, authoritarian politician and convicted war criminal. The Prime Minister and Conducător of Romania during most of World War II, he presided over two successive wartime dictatorships. A Romanian Army career officer who made his name during the 1907 peasants' revolt and the World War I Romanian Campaign, the antisemitic Antonescu sympathized with the far right and fascist National Christian and Iron Guard groups for much of the interwar period. He was a military attaché to France and later Chief of the General Staff, briefly serving as Defense Minister in the National Christian cabinet of Octavian Goga. During the late 1930s, his political stance brought him into conflict with King Carol II and led to his detainment. Antonescu nevertheless rose to political prominence during the political crisis of 1940, and established the National Legionary State, an uneasy partnership with the Iron Guard's leader Horia Sima. After entering Romania into an alliance with Nazi Germany and the Axis and ensuring Adolf Hitler's confidence, he eliminated the Guard during the Legionary Rebellion of 1941. In addition to leadership of the executive, he assumed the offices of Foreign Affairs and Defense Minister. Soon after Romania joined the Axis in Operation Barbarossa, recovering Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Antonescu also became Marshal of Romania.
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Isaias Afewerki
Isaias Afwerki () is the first and the current President of Eritrea, attaining that status when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front to victory in September 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".
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Ivan Reitman
Ivan Reitman, OC (born October 27, 1946) is a Canadian film producer and director. He is known for the comedies he has directed and produced, especially in the 1980s and 1990s.
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Jack Johnson (boxer)
John Arthur ("Jack") Johnson (March 31, 1878 – June 10, 1946), nicknamed the “Galveston Giant”, was an American boxer, the second African American Boxing Champion, and the first African American world heavyweight boxing champion (1908–1915).
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Jack Straw
John Whitaker Straw (born 3 August 1946), commonly known as "Jack Straw", is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn since 1979. He served as Home Secretary from 1997 to 2001, Foreign Secretary from 2001 to 2006 and Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons from 2006 to 2007 under Tony Blair. From 2007-2010 he was the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and the Secretary of State for Justice, appointed as part of Prime Minister Gordon Brown's first Cabinet. Straw is one of only three people to have served in Cabinet continuously from 1997 to 2010 (the others being Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling).
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Jack Wrangler
Jack Wrangler (July 11, 1946 – April 7, 2009) was an American actor of gay and straight adult film, theatrical producer, and director. Open about his homosexuality and adult film work throughout his career, Wrangler was considered an icon of the gay-liberation movement.
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Jacky Lafon
Jacky Lafon (born 21 November 1946 in Flanders, Belgium) is an actress, best known for playing Rita Van Den Bossche in the television series Familie. In the television show De nationale IQ test appeared that she has an IQ of 74.
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Jacob Ellehammer
Jacob Christian Hansen Ellehammer (June 14, 1871 – May 20, 1946) was a Danish watchmaker and inventor born in Bakkebølle, Denmark. He is remembered chiefly for his contributions to powered flight.
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Jacques Bourboulon
Jacques Bourboulon (born 8 December, 1946) is a French photographer, specializing in nude photography of teenage girls. He started as a fashion photographer, but switched to nude photography in the mid seventies. The summit of his career was in the late seventies and early eighties.
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James B. Sumner
James Batcheller Sumner (November 19, 1887 – August 12, 1955) was an American chemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 with John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley.
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James Robert Baker
James Robert Baker (October 18, 1946 – November 5, 1997) was an American author of sharply satirical, predominantly gay-themed transgressional fiction. A native Californian, his work is set almost entirely in Southern California. After graduating from UCLA, he began his career as a screenwriter, but became disillusioned and started writing novels instead. Though he garnered fame for his books Fuel-Injected Dreams and Boy Wonder, after the controversy surrounding publication of his novel, Tim and Pete, he faced increasing difficulty having his work published. According to his life partner, this was a contributing factor in his suicide.
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Jan Akkerman
Jan Akkerman (born 24 December 1946, Amsterdam, Netherlands) is a Dutch guitarist. Akkerman is a distinctive guitarist, constantly experimenting with new equipment and guitars. Akkerman's distinctive guitar sound is characterised by his pioneering use of volume swells which produce a smooth, fluty, sustained note, although he is also capable of astonishing high-speed pyrotechnics. He also pioneered the use of the lute in a rock band, reflecting his interest in medieval and Renaissance music and culture. He first reached world acclaim in the 1970s when he was seen as the core of the Dutch rock band, Focus, together with Thijs van Leer.
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Jan Kodes
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Jane Asher
Jane Asher (born 5 April 1946) is an English actress. She has also developed a second career as a cake decorator and cake shop proprietor.
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Jane Birkin
Jane Mallory Birkin OBE (born 14 December 1946) is an English-born actress and singer who lives in France. She is best known as the muse of Serge Gainsbourg who wrote several of her albums, and for her work on screen collaborating with such directors as Jacques Rivette, Agnès Varda and Jacques Doillon. In recent years she has written her own album, directed a film and become an outspoken proponent of democracy in Burma.
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Janet Street Porter
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Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi/Kashmiri: जवाहरलाल नेहरू, pronounced ; 14 November 1889–27 May 1964) was an Indian statesman who was the (and to date the longest-serving) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. One of the leading figures in the Indian independence movement, Nehru was elected by the Congress Party to assume office as independent India's first Prime Minister, and re-elected when the Congress Party won India's first general election in 1952. As one of the founders of the Non-aligned Movement, he was also an important figure in the international politics of the post-war era. He is frequently referred to as Pandit Nehru ("pandit" being a Sanskrit and Hindi honorific meaning "scholar" or "teacher") and, specifically in India, as Panditji (with "-ji" being a honorific suffix).
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Jean Simmons
Jean Merilyn Simmons, OBE (January 31, 1929 January 22, 2010) was an English actress who later also became an American citizen. She appeared predominantly in motion pictures, beginning with films made in Great Britain during and after World War II, followed mainly by Hollywood films from 1950.
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Jean Todt
Jean Todt (born February 25, 1946) is a former executive director of Scuderia Ferrari, the Ferrari company's Formula One constructor. On October 25, 2006, he was appointed as the company's CEO. On March 18, 2008, Todt resigned as CEO and assumed a "special appointment" within the company's racing department. He resigned this position one year later.
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Jeanie MacPherson
Jeanie MacPherson (born May 18, 1887, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jerome Kern
Jerome David Kern (January 27, 1885 – November 11, 1945) was an American composer of musical theatre and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A Fine Romance", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "All the Things You Are", "The Way You Look Tonight", "Long Ago (and Far Away)" and "Who?". He collaborated with many of the leading librettists and lyricists of his era, including George Grossmith Jr., Guy Bolton, P. G. Wodehouse, Otto Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II, Dorothy Fields, Johnny Mercer, Ira Gershwin and E. Y. Harburg.
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Jerry Lewis
Jerry Lewis (born Jerome Levitch, March 16, 1926) is an American comedian, actor, film producer, writer, film director and singer. He is best-known for his slapstick humor in stage, radio, screen, recording and television. He was originally paired up with Dean Martin in 1946, forming the comedy team of Martin and Lewis. In addition to the team's popular nightclub work, they starred in a successful series of comedy films for Paramount Pictures. As an innovative filmmaker, Lewis is credited with inventing the video assist system in cinematography. Lewis is also known for his charity fund-raising telethons and position as national chairman for the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA).
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Jerry Penrod
Jerry "The Bear" Penrod (born September 25, 1946 in San Diego, California) is a bass player. He was a member of Iron Butterfly and Rhinoceros.
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Jew
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Jim Hines
MedalCountry|
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Jim Kiick
James Forrest Kiick (born August 9, 1946 in Lincoln Park, New Jersey) is a former professional American football running back, who is best known for playing halfback for the Miami Dolphins in the American Football League (AFL) from 1968 to 1969 and in the National Football League (NFL) from 1970 through 1974. He was a member of the undefeated 1972 team, and was an integral part of the ball-control running game which characterized the Dolphins under head coach Don Shula in the early 1970s. He played in three Super Bowls. He is the Dolphins' fourth all-time leading rusher. He and Dolphins fullback Larry Csonka were known as "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid," in 1973 co-wrote a book, Always on the Run, and in 1974 shocked the sports world when they signed with the World Football League.
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Joanna Lumley
Joanna Lamond Lumley, OBE, FRGS (born 1 May 1946) is an English actress, voice-over artist and author, best known for her roles in the British television series Absolutely Fabulous portraying Edina Monsoon's best friend, Patsy Stone, as well as parts in The New Avengers, Sapphire & Steel, and Sensitive Skin. She is a former model and Bond girl. Her distinctive voice has been supplied for animated characters, film narration, and AOL's "You've got mail" notification in the UK. She has spoken out as a human rights activist for Survival International and the Gurkha Justice Campaign, and is now considered a "national treasure" of Nepal because of her support. She is an advocate for a number of charities and animal welfare groups such as CIWF and Viva!. She has won three BAFTA awards and a British comedy award.
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John A. Sampson
John Albertson Sampson (August 17, 1873–December 23, 1946) was a gynecologist who studied endometriosis.
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John Farrar
John Farrar (,‿; born on 8 November 1946 in Melbourne Australia) is a music producer, songwriter, music arranger, singer and guitarist who is best known for his work with Olivia Newton-John with whom he wrote and produced many hit songs.
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John Getz
John Getz (born 15 October 1946) is a stage-trained American actor.
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John Grahl
John Grahl (born August 1946) is a British academic and professor.
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John Howard Northrop
John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist who won, with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley, the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The award was given for these scientists' isolation, crystallization, and study of enzymes, proteins, and viruses.
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John Logie Baird
John Logie Baird (13 August 1888 – 14 June 1946) was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first practical, publicly demonstrated television system which was also the world's first fully electronic colour television tube. Although Baird's electromechanical system was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems (such as those of Philo Farnsworth), his early successes demonstrating working television broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earn him a prominent place in television's invention.
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John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, CB (; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946) was a British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics, as well as the economic policies of governments. He greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and advocated the use of fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions and depressions. His ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, as well as its various offshoots.
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John Mills
Sir John Mills, CBE (22 February 1908 – 23 April 2005) was an English actor, who made more than 120 films in a career spanning seven decades.
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John Mott
John Raleigh Mott (May 25, 1865 – January 31, 1955) was a long-serving leader of the YMCA and the World Student Christian Federation (WSCF). He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 for his work in establishing and strengthening international Protestant Christian student organizations that worked to promote peace.
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John Rubinstein
John Arthur Rubinstein (born December 8, 1946) is an American film, Broadway, and television actor, a composer of film and theatre music, and a director in theatre and television.
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John Spencer (actor)
John Spencer (December 20, 1946 – December 16, 2005) was an American television actor. He was most widely known for playing White House Chief of Staff Leo McGarry on the NBC political drama series The West Wing, which earned him an Emmy Award in 2002.
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John T. Walton
John Thomas Walton (October 8, 1946 in Newport, Arkansas – June 27, 2005 in Jackson, Wyoming) was a decorated United States war veteran and a son of Walmart founder Sam Walton. He was also the chairman of True North Partners, a venture capital firm.
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Johnny Oates
Johnny Lane Oates (January 21, 1946–December 24, 2004) was an American catcher and manager in Major League Baseball.
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Joop Zoetemelk
Hendrik Gerardus Jozef "Joop" Zoetemelk (born 3 December 1946, Rijpwetering) is a retired professional racing cyclist from the Netherlands who has emigrated to France. He started the Tour de France 16 times and finished every time, a record. He won the race in 1980 and also came eighth, fifth, fourth (three times) and second (six times). He won the world professional road championship in 1985 at 38. He retired from the sport to run a hotel at Meaux, near Paris, France.
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Joseph Deiss
Joseph Deiss (born January 18, 1946 in Fribourg) is an economist, Swiss politician and a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC). From 1999 to 2006, he was a member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (1999–2002) and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs (2003–2006). He was elected President of the United Nations General Assembly for its 65th session in 2010.
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Joseph Stella
Joseph Stella (June 13, 1877 - November 5, 1946) was an Italian-born, American Futurist painter best known for his depictions of industrial America. He is associated with the American Precisionism movement of the 1910s-1940s.
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Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito (born Josip Broz; Cyrillic script: Јосип Броз Тито; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. He was Secretary-General (later President) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to heroically lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Yugoslav Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1943–63) and later President (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA).
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José Carreras
Josep Maria Carreras i Coll (; born 5 December 1946), better known as José Carreras (), is a Catalan Spanish tenor particularly known for his performances in the operas of Verdi and Puccini. Born in Barcelona, he made his debut on the opera stage at the age of 11 as Trujamán in Manuel de Falla's El retablo de Maese Pedro and went on to a career that encompassed over 60 roles on the stages of the world's leading opera houses and in the recording studio. He gained fame with a wider audience as one of The Three Tenors along with Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti in a series of mass concerts that began in 1990 and continued until 2003. Carreras is also known for his humanitarian work as the president of the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation (La Fundació Internacional Josep Carreras per a la Lluita contra la Leucèmia), which he established following his own recovery from the disease in 1988.
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Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón (;), October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974, was an Argentine general and politician, elected three times as President of Argentina, though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency. He was overthrown in a military coup in 1955. He returned to power in 1973 and served for nine months, until his death in 1974 when he was succeeded by his third wife, María Estela Martínez.
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Judy Woodruff
Judy Woodruff (born November 20, 1946) is an American television news anchor and journalist.
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Julian Barnes
Julian Patrick Barnes (born 19 January 1946 Leicester, England) is a contemporary English writer. He has been shortlisted three times for the Man Booker Prize (''Flaubert's Parrot (1984), England, England (1998), and Arthur & George'' (2005)). He has written crime fiction under the pseudonym Dan Kavanagh.
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Julien Poulin
Julien Poulin (born April 20, 1946) is an actor, film director, screenwriter, film producer, and composer in Quebec, Canada. He has portrayed numerous roles in several popular Quebec films and shows. He is considered one of the most popular and successful actors in the province.
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Julius Streicher
Julius Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a prominent Nazi prior to World War II. He was the founder and publisher of Der Stürmer newspaper, which became a central element of the Nazi propaganda machine. His publishing firm also released three anti-Semitic books for children, including the 1938 Der Giftpilz ("The Toadstool" or "The Poison-Mushroom"), one of the most widespread pieces of propaganda, which purported to warn about insidious dangers Jews posed by using the metaphor of an attractive yet deadly mushroom. After the war, he was convicted of crimes against humanity and executed.
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Justin Hayward
Justin David Hayward (born 14 October 1946) is an English musician, best known as a singer, songwriter, guitarist, and composer in the rock band The Moody Blues.
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Kabir Bedi
Kabir Bedi (born 16 January 1946) is an internationally acclaimed Indian television and film actor. His film and television career has spanned across India, the United States and many European countries. He is noted for his role as Emperor Shah Jahan in . He is best known in Europe for playing the pirate Sandokan in mini TV series and for his role as the villainous Gobinda in the 1983 James Bond film, Octopussy. He is very popular in Italy in particular, and is fluent in Italian.
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Kate Bruce
Kate Bruce (1858 – April 2, 1946) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 289 films between 1908 and 1931.
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Kathryn J. Whitmire
Kathryn Jean "Kathy" Whitmire (born 15 August 1946) was Mayor of the city of Houston, Texas, from 1982 to 1991.
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Kay Redfield Jamison
Kay Redfield Jamison (born June 22, 1946) is an American clinical psychologist and writer who is one of the foremost experts on bipolar disorder as well as suffering from the disorder since her early adulthood. She is Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and is an Honorary Professor of English at the University of St Andrews.
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Kebby Musokotwane
Kebby Musokotwane (1946–11 February 1996) was a politician from Zambia. He was a member of the United National Independence Party and one of the closest allies of former President Kenneth Kaunda. Musokotwane served as Prime Minister of Zambia from 24 April 1985 until 15 March 1989. He then became secretary-general of the UNIP. When Kaunda stepped down as President of the party in 1992, following the party's election defeat in 1991, Musokotwane was elected President of the party, with Kaunda's support. In 1993 he was embroiled in scandal when he admitted that a radical faction of the party was conspiring to topple the new government of Frederick Chiluba. He died on 11 February 1996.
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Keith Moon
Keith John Moon (23 August 1946 – 7 September 1978) was the drummer of the English rock group The Who. He gained acclaim for his exuberant and innovative drumming style, and notoriety for his eccentric and often self destructive behaviour, earning him the nickname "Moon the Loon." Moon joined The Who in 1964. He played on all albums and singles from their debut, 1964's "Zoot Suit", to 1978's Who Are You, which was released three weeks before his death.
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Kurds
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Lana Wood
Lana Wood (born Svetlana Nikolaevna Zakharenko on March 1, 1946) is an American actress and producer. She was born to Russian émigré parents, Nikolai and Maria Zakharenko, and is the sister of actress Natalie Wood. Her first major role was at age 9 in the John Wayne western The Searchers. She was a regular on the soap opera Peyton Place. She is best known for her role as Plenty O'Toole in the James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever. She appeared in a number of small films and television guest roles throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
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Larry Csonka
Larry Richard Csonka (born December 25, 1946) is a former collegiate and professional American football fullback.
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Lars Emil Johansen
Lars Emil Johansen (born 24 September 1946) was the second Prime Minister of Greenland, serving from 1991 to 1997.
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Laura Bush
Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the wife of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush, and thus the First Lady of the United States from January 20, 2001 to January 20, 2009.
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Laurence Olivier
Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM (; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor, director, and producer. He was one of the most famous and revered British actors of the 20th century. He married Jill Esmond, Vivien Leigh and Joan Plowright.
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Laurette Taylor
Laurette Taylor (born April 1, 1884, or according to some sources, a year earlier, in 1883 , died December 7, 1946) was an American actress of stage and silent films.
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Lenny Kaye
Lenny Kaye (born December 27, 1946) is an American guitarist, composer and writer who is best known as a member of the Patti Smith Group.
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Leon Gaumont
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Leona Gom
Leona Gom is a Canadian poet and novelist. Born on an isolated farm in northern Alberta, she received her B.Ed. and M.A. from the University of Alberta in Edmonton. She has published six books of poetry and eight novels and has won both the Canadian Authors Association Award for her poetry collection Land of the Peace in 1980 and the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize for her novel Housebroken in 1986.
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Lesley Ann Warren
Lesley Ann Warren (born August 16, 1946) is an American actress and singer who has appeared in more than sixty films, including The Happiest Millionaire, Victor Victoria, Clue, Burglar, Cop, Color of Night and Secretary. She has also had roles in popular TV shows such as , Desperate Housewives, Crossing Jordan, Will & Grace, and In Plain Sight.
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Lesley Judd
Lesley Judd (born 20 December 1946, London, UK) is an English dancer and TV presenter, best known as a long-serving host of the BBC children's programme Blue Peter. She was educated at the independent Royal Ballet School. Brought in to the show when Valerie Singleton began to diversify her television career in 1971, Judd initially presented with Singleton, but mainly John Noakes and Peter Purves, a partnership that lasted until 1978 and remains the show's longest-running line-up. According to the book "Blue Peter" 50th Anniversary Book: The Story of Television's Longest-running Children's Programme", Judd's tenure on Blue Peter was often in doubt and she was retained for much of her seven years on the show on short term 3 month contracts. When her marriage broke down in 1975 and her ex-husband threatened to "tell all" to the tabloid press, Sally James was lined up to replace Judd on Blue Peter. Eventually, the storm blew over and Judd remained with the show. Before Blue Peter, she had appeared as part of the dance troupe the Young Generation on several TV shows and also had small roles in the first Monty Python film, And Now For Something Completely Different (1971) and the filmed musical Half A Sixpence (1967). Judd made a brief return to dancing in 1976 when she joined Pan's People on Top Of The Pops for a one-off routine (The rehearsals were later shown on Blue Peter) and often danced on the BBC Christmas show "All Star Record Breakers". During her time on the show she was criticised in the UK press when she divorced her first husband, actor Derek Fowlds (former 'straight' man to TV Puppet Basil Brush), and married a Blue Peter cameraman Terry Gabell, whom she also later divorced. It was her second husband's multiple sclerosis that caused her to leave Blue Peter in 1979.
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Lionel Barrymore
Lionel Barrymore (April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American actor of stage, screen and radio. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in A Free Soul (1931). He is well known for the role of the villainous Henry Potter in Frank Capra's 1946 film ''It's a Wonderful Life''.
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Liza Minnelli
Liza May Minnelli (born March 12, 1946) is an American singer and actress. She is the daughter of singer and actress Judy Garland and film director Vincente Minnelli.
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Lloyd Doggett
Lloyd Alton Doggett II (born October 6, 1946), American politician, is a Democratic politician from Texas. He has represented a district covering the state capital, Austin, in the United States House of Representatives since 1995. He represented the 10th congressional district from 1995 to 2005, and now represents the 25th congressional district.
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Loleatta Holloway
Loleatta Holloway (born November 5, 1946, Chicago, Illinois) is an American singer, mainly known for disco songs such as "Hit and Run" and "Love Sensation", both of which have been sampled extensively.
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Louis Slotin
Louis Alexander Slotin (December 1, 1910 – May 30, 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project.
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Lova Moor
Lova Moor (real name : Marie-Claude Jourdain, born on March 5, 1946, in La Grève-sur-Mignon, Charente-Maritime) is a French dancer, singer and occasional actress.
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Luis Avalos
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Lynne Marie Stewart
Lynne Marie Stewart (born December 14, 1946 in Los Angeles, California) is an American film and television actress, best known for her performance as Miss Yvonne, the Most Beautiful Woman in Puppet Land. She originated the role in the 1981 stage show The Pee-wee Herman Show and on the CBS television show ''Pee Wee's Playhouse''. She returned to the role in the 2010 Los Angeles stage revival and will return again to play the role in the Broadway production which begins previews October 26th and opens November 11th at the newly re-named and recently refurbished Stephen Sondheim Theater.
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Lynne Marta
Lynne Marta (born October 30, 1946) is an American actress.
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Léon Blum
André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times the Prime Minister of France.
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Léon Krier
Léon Krier (born 7 April 1946 in Luxembourg City) is an architect, architectural theorist and urban planner. From the late 1970s onwards (but especially during the 1980s) Krier has been one of the most influential neo-traditional architects and planners. He is best known for his development of Poundbury 'village' in Dorchester, UK for the Prince of Wales. In campaigning for the reconstruction of the traditional "European" city model, he has had a great influence on the New Urbanism movement, especially in the USA.
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Malcolm McLaren
Malcolm Robert Andrew McLaren (22 January 1946 – 8 April 2010) was an English performer, impresario, self-publicist and former manager of the Sex Pistols and the New York Dolls. As a solo artist, McLaren had an innovative career which helped introduce hip hop to the United Kingdom.
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Manuel de Falla
Manuel de Falla y Matheu (November 23, 1876November 14, 1946) was a Spanish composer of classical music.
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Marcy Kaptur
Marcia Carolyn "Marcy" Kaptur (born June 17, 1946) is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, representing since 1983. The district includes all of Ottawa and Erie counties, and part of Lucas and Lorain counties.
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Marika Lindstrom
http://wn.com/Marika_Lindstrom -
Marina Abramovic
http://wn.com/Marina_Abramovic -
Marina Warner
Marina Sarah Warner, CBE, FBA (born 9 November 1946 in London, England) is a British novelist, short story writer, historian and mythographer. She is known for her many non-fiction books relating to feminism and myth.
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Marjana Lipovšek
Marjana Lipovšek (mezzosoprano) is an opera and concert singer and actress. The daughter of composer Marijan Lipovšek, she was born on December 3, 1946 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
http://wn.com/Marjana_Lipovšek -
Mark Snow
Mark Snow (born Martin Fulterman on 26 August 1946) is a prolific composer for film and television.
http://wn.com/Mark_Snow -
Martita Hunt
Martita Hunt (30 January 190013 June 1969) was a British theatre and film actress.
http://wn.com/Martita_Hunt -
Marty Gervais
Charles Henry "Marty" Gervais (born 1946) is a Canadian poet, photographer, professor, journalist, and publisher of Black Moss Press.
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Mary Alden
Mary Alden (June 18, 1883 – July 2, 1946) was an American motion picture and stage actress. She was one of the first Broadway actresses to work in Hollywood.
http://wn.com/Mary_Alden -
Masaharu Homma
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He is noteworthy for his role in the invasion and occupation of the Philippines during World War II. Homma, who was an amateur painter and playwright, was also known as the Poet General.
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Michael Ashcroft
http://wn.com/Michael_Ashcroft -
Michael Milken
Michael Robert Milken (born July 4, 1946) is an American financier and philanthropist noted for his role in the development of the market for high-yield bonds (also called junk bonds) during the 1970s and 1980s, for his 1990 guilty plea to multiple felony charges that he violated US securities laws and for his funding of medical research.
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Michael Ontkean
Michael Ontkean (born 24 January 1946) is a Canadian actor.
http://wn.com/Michael_Ontkean -
Mick Ronson
Michael "Mick" Ronson (26 May 1946 – 29 April 1993) was an English guitarist, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger and producer. He is best known for his work with David Bowie, as one of The Spiders from Mars. Ronson was a busy session musician who recorded with artists as diverse as Bowie and Morrissey, as well as engagements as a sideman in touring bands with performers such as Van Morrison.
http://wn.com/Mick_Ronson -
Miguel Alemán Valdés
Miguel Alemán Valdés (September 29, 1902 – May 14, 1983)
http://wn.com/Miguel_Alemán_Valdés -
Mike Emrick
Michael "Doc" Emrick, (born August 1, 1946) is an American sportscaster noted mostly for his work in ice hockey. Emrick is currently the lead play-by-play announcer for the New Jersey Devils on MSG Plus, as well as the lead announcer for NHL national telecasts on both NBC and Versus. Among the many awards he has received is the NHL's Lester Patrick Award in 2004, making him the first of three people to receive the award for media work, and the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award by the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2008.
http://wn.com/Mike_Emrick -
Mike Hollands
William Michael "Mike" Hollands (born March 10, 1946) is the creative director and founder of Melbourne based animation house Act3animation. His best known directorial work, the tragicomedy Piñata, was a nominee at the 2005 Annecy International Animated Film Festival in Annecy, France, the 2005 AFI Awards, for Best Short Animation, and won Vancouver's Vidfest 2005.
http://wn.com/Mike_Hollands -
Mildred Grieveson
http://wn.com/Mildred_Grieveson -
Miles Mander
Miles Mander (May 14, 1888 – February 8, 1946), born Lionel Henry Mander (and sometimes credited as Luther Miles), was a well-known and versatile English character actor of the early Hollywood cinema, also a film director and producer, and a playwright and novelist.
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Mireille Mathieu
Mireille Mathieu () (born July 22, 1946) is a French chanteuse, and pop singer. Hailed as the successor to Édith Piaf, she has achieved great commercial success since the 1960s. She has recorded over 1200 songs in nine different languages, and sold more than 120 million records worldwide.
http://wn.com/Mireille_Mathieu -
Mitch Mitchell
John "Mitch" Mitchell (9 July 1947 – 12 November 2008) was an English drummer, best known for his work in The Jimi Hendrix Experience.
http://wn.com/Mitch_Mitchell -
Mogens Lykketoft
Mogens Lykketoft (; b. January 9, 1946 in Copenhagen, son of paint dealer Axel Lykketoft and Martha Lykketoft) is a Danish politician and government minister. In December 2002 he succeeded former Danish prime minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen as leader of the Social Democratic party (Socialdemokraterne).
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Morari Bapu
Morari Bapu (, ; born September 25, 1946) is a popular Hindu kathakaar (preacher), who has been giving 9 day-long sermons (kathaas) in both Gujarati and Hindi all over the world—including in India, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, on a cruise ship in the Mediterranean Sea, and on an airplane travelling the world—since the mid-1970s.
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Moritz Leuenberger
Moritz Leuenberger (born 21 September 1946 in Biel/Bienne, Canton of Bern) is a Swiss politician, lawyer, member of the Swiss Federal Council since 1995 and President of the Confederation in 2001 and in 2006.
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Nancy Brinker
Nancy Goodman Brinker (born December 6, 1946, in Peoria, Illinois) is the founder and CEO of Susan G. Komen for the Cure, an organization named after her only sister, Susan, who died from breast cancer in 1980 at age 36. Brinker was also United States Ambassador to Hungary from 2001 to 2003 and Chief of Protocol of the United States from 2007 to the end of the George W. Bush administration. A breast cancer survivor herself, Brinker uses her experience to heighten understanding of the disease. She speaks publicly on the importance of patient's rights and medical advancements in breast cancer research and treatment. She is currently serving as the World Health Organization's Goodwill Ambassador for Cancer Control.
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Naomi Judd
Naomi Judd (born January 11, 1946) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and activist.
http://wn.com/Naomi_Judd -
Naoto Kan
is the current Prime Minister of Japan. In June 2010, as Finance Minister, Kan was elected as the leader of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and was designated Prime Minister by the Diet and later by Emperor of Japan, in each instance to succeed Yukio Hatoyama.
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Nedra Talley
Nedra Talley, now Nedra Talley Ross (born January 27, 1946, New York), was a member of the girl group The Ronettes, along with her cousins Ronnie Spector and Estelle Bennett. She is of African-American, Native American and Puerto Rican descents. In 2007, the Ronettes were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
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Nehru
http://wn.com/Nehru -
Neil Bonnett
Lawrence Neil Bonnett (30 July 1946 - 11 February 1994) was a NASCAR driver who compiled 18 victories and 20 poles over his 18-year career. The Alabama native currently ranks 35th in all time NASCAR Cup wins. He appeared in the 1983 film Stroker Ace. He also appeared in the film Days of Thunder, and his #12 Budweiser Chevy is in a flashback. He also was a color commentator in the years up until his death.
http://wn.com/Neil_Bonnett -
Nikolai Burdenko
http://wn.com/Nikolai_Burdenko -
Nina Maslova
Nina Konstantinovna Maslova (; born November 27, 1946) is a Soviet and Russian actress who has appeared in several films such as Aferisty and Depressiya.
http://wn.com/Nina_Maslova -
Noah Beery, Sr.
Noah Nicholas Beery (January 17, 1882 – April 1, 1946) was an American actor, who appeared in films from 1913 to 1945.
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Noddy Holder
Neville John "Noddy" Holder MBE (born 15 June 1946) is an English musician and actor, best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, and occasional bass guitarist with the rock band Slade.
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Ohara Reiko
http://wn.com/Ohara_Reiko -
Orrick Glenday Johns
Orrick Glenday Johns (born June 2, 1887 - July 8, 1946) was an American poet and playwright and was part of the literary group that included T. S. Eliot, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ernest Hemingway. He was active in the Communist Party.
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Oscar Hammerstein II
Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II (; July 12, 1895 – August 23, 1960) was an American writer, theatrical producer, and (usually uncredited) theatre director of musicals for almost forty years. Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards and was twice awarded an Academy Award for "Best Original Song", and much of his work is part of the unofficial Great American Songbook. He wrote 850 songs. Hammerstein was the lyricist and playwright in his partnerships; his collaborators wrote the music. Hammerstein collaborated with composers, including Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, Rudolf Friml and Sigmund Romberg, but his most famous collaboration was with Richard Rodgers.
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Ottilia Borbath
http://wn.com/Ottilia_Borbath -
Otto Dowling
Otto Carl Dowling (February 28, 1881 - April 14, 1946) was an United States Navy Captain, and the 25th Governor of American Samoa from April 17, 1934 to January 15, 1936. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1903. Dowling served in World War I, before retiring. He was re-commissioned in World War II, serving as the commander of a naval ammunition depot on Iona Island in New York. He commanded the Lake Denmark Powder Depot, and was in charge when lightning struck the location, causing a large explosion of million's of dollars worth of ammunition. A board of inquiry recommended him for the Distinguished Service Cross for his bravery in the situation.
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Pat Sajak
Pat Sajak (, ; born Patrick Leonard Sajdak on October 26, 1946) is a television personality, former weatherman, actor and talk show host, best known as the host of the American television game show Wheel of Fortune.
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Patti Smith
Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, poet and visual artist, who became a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses. Called the "Godmother of Punk", she integrated the beat poetry performance style with three-chord rock. Smith's most widely known song is "Because the Night", which was co-written with Bruce Springsteen and reached number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1978. In 2005, Patti Smith was named a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture, and in 2007, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Patti_Smith -
Pearlette Louisy
Dame Calliopa Pearlette Louisy, GCMG (born 8 June 1946) is the Governor-General of Saint Lucia. She is the first woman to hold this office, which she was sworn into on 19 September 1997.
http://wn.com/Pearlette_Louisy -
Pete Price
Pete Price (born Peter Lloyd Price) is a local radio presenter based in Merseyside, England. He is best known for the Sunday night talk radio show Pete Price: Unzipped, broadcast across sister stations City Talk 105.9 and Radio City 96.7. The show is aired live from 10pm to 2am and follows an format. Price's weeknight phone in, Late Night City airs live between 10pm and 2am, from Monday to Thursday and is simulcast on City Talk 105.9 and Radio City 96.7.
http://wn.com/Pete_Price -
Peter Sutcliffe
Peter William Sutcliffe (born 2 June 1946) is an English serial killer who was dubbed The Yorkshire Ripper. In 1981 Sutcliffe was convicted of murdering 13 women and attacking several others. He is currently serving life imprisonment in Broadmoor Hospital. After conviction, Sutcliffe began using his mother's maiden surname and became known as Peter William Coonan.
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Peter Wolf
Peter Wolf (born Peter W. Blankfield; March 7, 1946) is an American Rhythm and Blues, Soul and Rock and Roll musician, best known as the lead vocalist for the J. Geils Band from 1967 to 1983; and for a successful musical solo career to date with writing partner Will Jennings besides being a renowned painter.
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Petra Burka
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Petra_Burka -
Philip Pullman
Philip Pullman CBE, FRSL (born 19 October 1946) is an English writer from Norwich. He is the best-selling author of several books, most notably his trilogy of fantasy novels, His Dark Materials, and his fictional biography of Jesus, The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ. The first of His Dark Materials has been turned into the film The Golden Compass and the first two books from his Sally Lockhart series have been adapted for television.
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Picoğlu Osman
http://wn.com/Picoğlu_Osman -
Porfirio Barba-Jacob
Miguel Ángel Osorio Benítez (July 29, 1883 – January 14, 1942), better known by his pseudonym, Porfirio Barba-Jacob, was a Colombian poet and writer.
http://wn.com/Porfirio_Barba-Jacob -
Qazi Muhammad
Qazi Muhammad (Kurdish قازی محهمهد or Qazî Mihemmed) (1893-1947) was a nationalist and religious Kurdish leader and the Head of the Republic of Kurdistan, (Republic of Mahabad) the second modern Kurdish state in the Middle East (after the Republic of Ararat).
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Qin Bangxian
http://wn.com/Qin_Bangxian -
Rafael Erich
Rafael Waldemar Erich (10 June 1879 in Turku – 19 February 1946 in Helsinki) was a Finnish politician from the National Coalition Party, Professor, diplomat, and Prime Minister of Finland .
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Rags Ragland
Rags Ragland (b. John Lee Morgan Beauregard Ragland, August 23, 1905, Louisville, Kentucky; d. August 20, 1946, Los Angeles, California) was an American comedian and character actor. Ragland first made his reputation in burlesque, where he was one of the house comics for the famed Minsky burlesque shows. One of the Minsky striptease stars, Georgia Sothern, remembered him fondly in her 1971 memoir, saying she considered Ragland a close friend and the funniest comedian the Minskys had ever produced.
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Raimu
Raimu was the stage name for the French actor Jules Auguste Muraire (December 17, 1883 - September 20, 1946).
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Ralf Hütter
Ralf Hütter (born 20 August 1946, Krefeld, Germany) is the lead singer, keyboardist, and reportedly leader of the electronic-music band Kraftwerk. After the departure of Florian Schneider in 2008, he is also the group's only remaining founding member.
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Ray Stannard Baker
Ray Stannard Baker (April 17, 1870 – July 12, 1946), also known by his pen name David Grayson, was an American journalist and author born in Lansing, Michigan. After graduating from the Michigan State Agricultural College (now Michigan State University), he attended law school at the University of Michigan in 1891 before launching his career as a journalist in 1892 with the Chicago News-Record, where he covered the Pullman Strike and Coxey's Army in 1894.
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Razor Smith
Razor Smith (William Charles Smith; October 4, 1877, Oxford, Oxfordshire – July 15, 1946, Bermondsey, London) was a Surrey slow bowler. Nicknamed "Razor" because of his extreme thinness, Smith was generally prone to serious injury and could rarely get through a full season's cricket, but when sound, could command the sharpest off-break among bowlers of his day. He was also able to bowl a somewhat faster ball with a very high flight that turned a little from leg and, with any help from the pitch, would get up almost straight.
http://wn.com/Razor_Smith -
Reggie Jackson
Reginald Martinez "Reggie" Jackson (born May 18, 1946), nicknamed "Mr. October" for his clutch hitting in the postseason, is a former American Major League Baseball right fielder who played for four different teams (twice for Oakland / Kansas City) from 1967 to 1987 and currently serves as a special advisor to the New York Yankees. Jackson helped win three consecutive World Series titles as a member of the Oakland A's in the early 1970s and also helped win two consecutive titles with the New York Yankees. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1993.
http://wn.com/Reggie_Jackson -
Regina Braga
Regina Braga is a Brazilian actress. She has made numerous television appearances such as in Joana and Deus Nos Acuda. Braga is currently appearing in the Brazilian telenovela Ti Ti Ti
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Renee Falconetti
http://wn.com/Renee_Falconetti -
Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad (Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad/کۆماری مەھاباد, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد ), officially known as Republic of Kurdistan and established in Iranian Kurdistan, was a short-lived, Kurdish government that sought Kurdish autonomy within the limits of the Iranian state. The capital was the city of Mahabad in northwestern Iran. The state itself encompassed only a small territory, including Mahabad, and the market towns of Piranshahr, Sardasht, Bukan, Naqada and Ushnaviya.
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Ric Grech
Richard Roman Grech (1 November 1946 – 17 March 1990) was a British musician.
http://wn.com/Ric_Grech -
Richard Axel
Richard Axel (born July 2, 1946, New York City) is an American neuroscientist whose work on the olfactory system won him and Linda B. Buck, a former post-doctoral scientist in his research group, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004.
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Richard St. Clair
Richard St. Clair (born 21 September 1946) is an American composer, pedagogue, and pianist.
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Rita Marley
Alpharita Constantia Anderson (born 25 July 1946), better known as Rita Marley, and sometimes called "Nana Rita", is the widow of reggae legend/musician Bob Marley, and a member of the trio the I Threes, Bob Marley's backup singers.
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Robby Krieger
Robert Alan "Robby" Krieger (born January 8, 1946) is an American rock and roll guitarist and songwriter. He was the guitarist in The Doors, and wrote some of the band's best known songs, including "Light My Fire," "Love Me Two Times," "Touch Me," and "Love Her Madly."
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Robert Fripp
Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is an English guitarist, composer and a record producer best known for being the guitarist for, and only constant member of, the progressive rock band King Crimson. His work, spanning four decades, encompasses a variety of musical styles. Fripp was ranked 42nd on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" (published August 2003). In 2010, Fripp was ranked #47 on Gibson.com’s Top 50 Guitarists of All Time.
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Robert Jarvik
Robert Koffler Jarvik, M.D. (born May 11, 1946) is an American scientist, researcher and entrepreneur known for his role in developing the Jarvik-7 artificial heart.
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Robert Reich
Robert Bernard Reich (; born June 24, 1946) is an American politician, academic, writer, and political commentator. He served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Labor under President Bill Clinton, from 1993 to 1997.
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Robert Urich
Robert Urich (December 19, 1946 – April 16, 2002) was an American actor. He played the starring role in the television series (1985–1988) and Vega$ (1978–1981). He also appeared in other television series over the years including: S.W.A.T. (1975), Soap (1977), and The Lazarus Man (1996), as well as in several feature films including Turk 182!, The Ice Pirates, and Magnum Force. Urich died in 2002 in Thousand Oaks, California. The actor announced in 1996 that he was suffering from synovial cell sarcoma, a rare cancer that attacks the body's joints, he underwent several treatments to fight the cancer during the last years of his life.
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Roberto Rivelino
Roberto Rivelino (born 1 January 1946 in São Paulo) is a former Brazilian football player.
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Robin Cook
Robert Finlayson Cook (28 February 1946 – 6 August 2005) was a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Livingston from 1983 until his death, and notably served in the Cabinet as Foreign Secretary from 1997 to 2001.
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Roh Moo-hyun
Roh Moo-hyun () GOM GCB (1 September 1946 – 23 May 2009) was the 16th President of South Korea (2003–2008). Before entering politics, he was a human rights lawyer.
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Rollie Fingers
Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is a former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics (1968–76), San Diego Padres (1977–80) and Milwaukee Brewers (1981–85). He became only the second reliever to be elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1992. One of few MLB players to have his number retired by more than one club (Oakland Athletics and Milwaukee Brewers).
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Ron Silliman
Ron Silliman (born 5 August 1946 in Pasco, Washington) is a contemporary American poet. He has written and edited over 30 books, and has had his poetry and criticism translated into 12 languages. He is often associated with language poetry. Between 1979 and 2004, Silliman wrote a single poem, The Alphabet. He has now begun writing a new poem, Universe, the first section of which appears to be called Revelator.
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Ron Yary
Anthony Ronald "Ron" Yary (born July 16, 1946 in Chicago, Illinois, United States) is a former professional American football offensive tackle, playing primarily for the Minnesota Vikings and also for the Los Angeles Rams. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2001. Yary gave credit for his Hall of Fame induction to his former coaches, John Ashton (high school) John McKay (college) and Bud Grant (professional). He also praised his position coaches Marv Goux, Dave Levy, John Michaels and Jerry Burns, and acknowledged his closest friend as being Donnie Hollar.
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Russell Ash
Russell Ash (18 June 1946 – 21 June 2010) was the British author of the Top 10 of Everything series of books, as well as Great Wonders of the World, Incredible Comparisons and many other reference, art and humour titles, most notably his recent series of books on strange-but-true names, Potty, Fartwell & Knob, Busty, Slag and Nob End and (for children) Big Pants, Burpy and Bumface.
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Ruth Shady
Ruth Martha Shady Solís (b. 29 December 1946, Callao, Perú) is a Peruvian anthropologist and archaeologist. She is also the founder and director of the archaeological project at Caral.
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Sada Yacco
Sada Yacco or was a Japanese actress and dancer.
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Sally Field
Sally Margaret Field (born November 6, 1946) is an American actress, singer, producer, director, and screenwriter. In each decade of her career, she has been known for major roles in American TV/film culture, including: in the 1960s, for Gidget (1965-66) or Sister Bertrille on The Flying Nun (1967-70); in the 1970s, for Sybil (1976), Smokey and the Bandit or Norma Rae; in the 1980s, for Absence of Malice, Places in the Heart (1984) or Steel Magnolias; in the 1990s, for Not Without My Daughter, Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) or Forrest Gump; and in the 2000s, on the TV shows ER or Brothers & Sisters. She has also performed in numerous other roles.
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Sally Flynn
Sally Flynn (born July 23, 1946 in Ontario, Oregon) is an American singer and musician (also known as Sally Hart) who was a featured performer on The Lawrence Welk Show television program.
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Sam Walton
Samuel Moore "Sam" Walton (March 29, 1918 – April 5, 1992) was a businessman and entrepreneur born in Kingfisher, Oklahoma best known for founding the retailers Wal-Mart and Sam's Club.
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Sandi Griffiths
Sandi Griffiths (born Sandi Jensen on August 1, 1946) is an American singer. She is best known as a performer on American television's The Lawrence Welk Show.
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Sandy Skoglund
Sandy Skoglund (born September 11, 1946) is an American photographer and installation artist.
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Satchidanandan
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Serge Savard
Serge Aubrey "The Senator" Savard, OC, CQ (born January 22, 1946 in Montreal, Quebec) is a retired professional ice hockey defenceman, most famously with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is also a local businessman in Montreal, and is nicknamed the Senator.
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Sharmila Tagore
See Tagore for disambiguation
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Sharon Thesen
Sharon Thesen (born 28 October 1946) is a Canadian poet who lives in Lake Country, British Columbia. She teaches at UBC-O.
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Sherry Alberoni
Sherry (or Sherri) Alberoni (born December 4, 1946) is an American actress and voice artist. Alberoni got her start as a Mouseketeer on the weekday ABC television program The Mickey Mouse Club. As an adult, she became a voice artist for Hanna-Barbera Productions. Besides providing voices for numerous incidental characters in series such as Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! and Jeannie, Alberoni is best known as the voice of both nasty rich-girl Alexandra Cabot from Josie and the Pussycats and "superhero-in-training" Wendy from the first season of Super Friends. In 1971, she starred alongside Patty Andrews in the Sherman Brothers stage musical, Victory Canteen.
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Shigenori Tōgō
(Korean: 박무덕, Hanja: 朴茂德, Park Moo-Duk, 10 December 1882 - 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-American conflict during World War II. He also served as Minister of Colonial Affairs in 1941, and assumed the same position, renamed the Minister for Greater East Asia, in 1945.
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Simeon II
http://wn.com/Simeon_II -
Slim Summerville
Slim Summerville (July 10, 1892 – January 6, 1946) was an American film actor, best known as a comedy performer.
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Sonthi Boonyaratglin
General (Ret.) Sonthi Boonyaratglin (, ) (b. 2 October 1946) is former Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army and former head of the Council for National Security, the military junta that ruled the kingdom. He is the first Muslim in charge of the mostly Buddhist army.. On 19 September 2006, he became the de facto head of government of Thailand after overthrowing the elected government in a coup d'état. After retiring from the Army in 2007, he became Deputy Prime Minister, in charge of national security.
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Stanton Peele
Stanton Peele, Ph. D., J.D., (born January 8, 1946) is a licensed psychologist, attorney, practicing psychotherapist and the author of books and articles on the subject of alcoholism, addiction and addiction treatment.
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Stella Chiweshe
Stella Chiweshe (also Stella Rambisai Chiweshe, Stella Rambisai Chiweshe Nekati, or Stella Nekati Chiweshe, b. Mujumi Village, Mhondoro, Zimbabwe, July 8 1946) is a Zimbabwean musician. She is internationally known for her singing and playing of the mbira dzavadzimu, a traditional instrument of the Shona people of Zimbabwe. She is one of the few female players of the instrument, which she learned to play from 1966 to 1969 when even fewer females played the instrument.
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Steve Biko
Stephen Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a noted anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. A student leader, he later founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. Since his death in police custody, he has been called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement. While living, his writings and activism attempted to empower black people, and he was famous for his slogan "black is beautiful", which he described as meaning: "man, you are okay as you are, begin to look upon yourself as a human being". Despite friction between the African National Congress and Biko throughout the 1970s the ANC has included Biko in the pantheon of struggle heroes, going as far as using his image for campaign posters in South Africa's first non-racial elections in 1994.
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Steven Spielberg
Steven Allan Spielberg, (born December 18, 1946) is an American film director, screenwriter, film producer and video game designer. In a career spanning six decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as an archetype of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing such issues as the Holocaust, slavery, war and terrorism. He is considered one of the most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. He is also one of the founders of DreamWorks.
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Strobe Talbott
Nelson Strobridge "Strobe" Talbott III (born April 25, 1946) is an American foreign policy analyst associated with Yale University and the Brookings Institution, a former journalist associated with Time magazine and diplomat who served as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1994 to 2001.
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Sukarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia.
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Susan Sarandon
Susan Sarandon (born October 4, 1946) is an American actress. She has worked in films and television, since 1969, and won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the 1995 film Dead Man Walking. She was nominated for the award for four films, before that, and has received other recognition for her work. She is also noted for her social and political activism for a variety of liberal causes.
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Suzanne Somers
Suzanne Somers (born Suzanne Marie Mahoney; October 16, 1946) is an American actress, author, singer and businesswoman, best known for her television roles as Christmas Snow AKA Chrissy Snow on ''Three's Company and as Carol Lambert on Step by Step''.
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Suzy Chaffee
Suzanne "Suzy" Chaffee (born November 29, 1946, Rutland, Vermont) is a former Olympic alpine ski racer and actress. Following her racing career, she modelled in New York with Ford Models and then became the pre-eminent freestyle ballet skier of the early 1970s. She is perhaps best known by the sobriquet, Suzy Chapstick, from the 1970s, when she was a spokesperson for ChapStick lip balm.
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Syd Barrett
Syd Barrett (6 January 1946 – 7 July 2006), born Roger Keith Barrett, was an English singer, songwriter, guitarist and artist. He is most remembered as a founding member of psychedelic/progressive rock band Pink Floyd, providing major musical and stylistic direction in their early work, although he left the group in 1968 amidst speculations of mental illness exacerbated by heavy drug use.
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Sylvester Stallone
Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone (; born July 6, 1946), nicknamed Sly Stallone, is an American actor, filmmaker, screenwriter, and film director. Stallone is known for his machismo and Hollywood action roles. Two of the notable characters he has portrayed include boxer Rocky Balboa and soldier John Rambo. The Rocky and Rambo franchises, along with several other films, strengthened his reputation as an actor and his box office earnings.
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Séan Neeson
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Takashi Sakai
was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, known for his role in the Battle of Hong Kong in late 1941.
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Talia Shire
Talia Shire (born April 25, 1946) is an American actress most known for her roles as Connie Corleone in The Godfather films and Adriana Balboa in Rocky series (I to V).
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Tansu Çiller
Tansu Penbe Çiller (; b. May 24, 1946, Istanbul) is a Turkish economist and politician. She was Turkey's first female Prime Minister.
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Ted Bundy
Theodore Robert "Ted" Bundy, born Theodore Robert Cowell (November 24, 1946 – January 24, 1989), was an American serial killer active between 1974 and 1978. He escaped twice from county jails before his final apprehension in February 1978. Bundy was executed by electric chair for his last murder by the state of Florida in 1989.
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Ted Shackelford
Ted Shackelford (born June 23, 1946 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American actor best known for his role as Gary Ewing on the CBS television series Knots Landing, in which he starred from 1979–93. Shackelford also appeared as Gary Ewing on several episodes of CBS's Dallas; this role had originally been played by actor David Ackroyd who was unable to return for future appearances. Prior to his role on Knots Landing, Shackelford played the role of Ray Gordon on Another World. He currently portrays recurring character Jeffrey Bardwell on The Young and the Restless.
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Terence McKenna
Terence Kemp McKenna (November 16, 1946 – April 3, 2000) was a modern philosopher, whose main interest was psychedelics and their role in society and existence beyond the physical body. Some people describe him as an American author, public speaker, metaphysician, psychonaut, philosopher, ethnobotanist, art historian, and self-described anarchist, anti-materialist, environmentalist, feminist, Platonist and skeptic. During his lifetime he was noted for his knowledge of psychedelics, metaphysics, plant-based entheogens, shamanism, mysticism, Hermeticism, Neoplatonism, biology, geology, physics, phenomenology, and his concept of novelty theory.
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Terry Kath
Terry Alan Kath (January 31, 1946 – January 23, 1978), born in Chicago, Illinois, was the original guitarist and founding member of the rock band Chicago. He died in 1978 at the age of 31 from an unintentional self-inflicted gunshot wound.
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Thelma Houston
Thelma Houston (née Jackson; born May 7, 1946, Leland, Mississippi) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She scored a number-one hit in 1977 with her cover version of the song "Don't Leave Me This Way", which won the 1978 Grammy Award for Best Female R&B; Vocal Performance.
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Thomas Lux
Thomas Lux (born December 10, 1946) is an American poet.
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Tim Curry
Timothy James "Tim" Curry (born 19 April 1946) is an English actor, singer, composer and voice actor, known for his work in a diverse range of theatre, film and television productions. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California.
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Tim O'Brien (author)
'''Tim O'Brien''' (born October 1, 1946 in Minnesota) is an American novelist who mainly writes about his experiences in the Vietnam War and the impact the war had on the American servicemen who fought there. He has held the endowed chair at the MFA program of Texas State University-San Marcos several times, from 2003 to 2004, then from 2005 to 2006, and a third time from 2008 to 2009.
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Timothy Dalton
Timothy Peter Dalton (born 21 March 1946) is a Welsh actor. He is best known for portraying James Bond in The Living Daylights (1987) and Licence to Kill (1989), as well as Rhett Butler in the television miniseries Scarlett (1994), an original sequel to Gone with the Wind. In addition, he is known for his roles in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1970), Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre (1983) and Shakespearean films and plays such as Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, Henry V, ''Love's Labour's Lost, Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2''.
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Tommy Lee Jones
Tommy Lee Jones (born September 15, 1946) is an American actor and director.
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Tony Benn
Anthony Neil "Tony" Wedgwood Benn (born 3 April 1925), formerly 2nd Viscount Stansgate, is a British Labour Party politician, former Cabinet Minister and the current President of the Stop the War Coalition.
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Toshio Furukawa
is a veteran seiyū who was born on July 16, 1946 in Tochigi. He works at Aoni Production and is married to fellow seiyū Shino Kakinuma.
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Trevor Pinnock
Trevor David Pinnock CBE (born 16 December 1946) is an English conductor, harpsichordist, and occasional organist and pianist.
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Trygve Lie
Trygve Halvdan Lie (; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968) was a Norwegian politician. From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations.
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Tyler Burge
Tyler Burge (born 1946, Ph.D., Princeton University, 1971) is a Professor of Philosophy at UCLA. He has made contributions to several areas of philosophy, including the philosophy of mind, epistemology, and the history of philosophy. In the history of philosophy, he has published articles on the philosophy of Gottlob Frege. A collection of his writings on Frege, along with a substantial introduction and several postscripts by the author, has been published (Burge, 2005). In epistemology, he has written on such topics as self-knowledge and the warrant to testimony. He is perhaps most well-known for his contributions to the philosophy of mind, including his views on de re belief and, most notably, anti-individualism with respect to mental content, which is also known as externalism. A festschrift devoted mostly to Burge's work on anti-individualism, including extensive replies from Burge to the contributors, has also appeared (Hahn and Ramberg 2003). Burge is also an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy. He was the recipient of the 2010 Jean Nicod Prize and delivered a series of lectures in Paris that were hosted by the French National Centre for Scientific Research.
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Udo Lindenberg
Udo Lindenberg (born 17 May 1946 in Gronau) is a German rock musician and composer.
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Ulla Jessen
Ulla Jessen (born 21 November 1946) is a Danish actress who has appeared in numerous films in her native Denmark as well as appearing in the mini TV series Charlot og Charlotte.
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Valerie Simpson
#redirectAshford & Simpson
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Vicki Hodge
Vicki Hodge (born 17 October 1946 in London) is an English actress and Model. She has appeared in a few films, including Confessions of a Sex Maniac (1974), as well as appearing in the TV series Hazell.
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to 15 May 1975 when the Mayaguez Incident concluded and two weeks after the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. The 'Mayaguez incident' involving the Khmer Rouge government in Cambodia on 12–15 May 1975, marked the last official battle of the United States (U.S.) involvement in the Vietnam War. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations.
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Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky (, born April 25, 1946 as Vladimir Volfovich Eidelstein) is a Russian politician, colonel of the Russian Army, founder and the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR), Vice-Chairman of the State Duma, and a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Despite its name, the LDPR is usually described as a radical nationalist party.
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Walter Johnson
Walter Perry Johnson (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946), nicknamed The Big Train, was a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played his whole career on the Washington Senators from 1907–1927. He would later serve as manager of the Senators from 1929–1932 and for the Cleveland Indians from 1933–1935.
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Wan Rong
Empress Xiao Ke Min (); also known as Empress Wan Rong (; Wade Giles: Wan-Jung) (13 November 1906 – 20 June 1946) was the last Empress Consort of the Qing Dynasty in China, and later Empress of Manchukuo (also known as the Manchurian Empire). She was Daur.
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Wilhelm Keitel
Wilhelm Bodewin Gustav Keitel (22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal (Generalfeldmarschall). As head of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) and de facto war minister, he was one of Germany's most senior military leaders during World War II. At the Allied court at Nuremberg he was tried, sentenced to death and hanged as a major war criminal.
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Wilhelm Marx
Wilhelm Marx (January 15, 1863– August 5, 1946) was a German lawyer, Catholic politician and a member of the Centre Party. He was Chancellor of the German Reich twice, from 1923 to 1925 and again from 1926 to 1928, and also served briefly as minister president of Prussia in 1925, during the Weimar Republic.
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William S. Hart
William Surrey Hart (December 6, 1864 – June 23, 1946) was an American silent film actor, screenwriter, director and producer.
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Willie Crawford
Willie Murphy Crawford (September 7, 1946 in Los Angeles, California – August 27, 2004 in Los Angeles, California) was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played with Los Angeles Dodgers (1964–1975), St. Louis Cardinals (1976), Houston Astros (1977) and Oakland Athletics (1977). Crawford was born in Los Angeles, California. He batted and threw left-handed. He was the father of former UCLA football DB Willie Crawford who graduated from Beverly Hills H.S. in 1988.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (WWII). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–1945 and 1951–1955). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
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Xanana Gusmão
Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão GCL (born José Alexandre Gusmão, on 20 June 1946) is a former militant who was the first President of East Timor, serving from May 2002 to May 2007. He later became the fourth and current Prime Minister of East Timor on 8 August 2007.
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Ximena Armas
Ximena Armas, born 29 July 1946 in Santiago (Chile), is a Chilean painter.
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Xue Jinghua
Xue Jinghua (born October 7, 1946 ) (Chinese: 薛菁华; pinyin: Xūe Jīnghúa) is a Chinese ballerina who was cast in the now internationally well-known Red Detachment of Women of the National Ballet of China as Wu Qinghua, the heroine of the ballet for which she became a big-time prima ballerina. The film version of the ballet was released in 1971 in China, five years into the Cultural Revolution. As one of the Eight model plays, the film was shown across the country in every cinema, every factory, and every village in the following several years until 1976 when the Cultural Revolution officially ended. As a consequence of the film, Xue Jinghua achieved a nationwide fame. Liu Qingtang was cast as Hong Changqing in the ballet and the film version of it.
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Yonatan Netanyahu
Yonatan "Yoni" Netanyahu (Hebrew: יונתן "יוני" נתניהו; March 13, 1946 – July 4, 1976), was commander of the elite Israeli army commando unit Sayeret Matkal. He was killed in action during Operation Entebbe in Uganda. He was awarded the Medal of Distinguished Service for his conduct in the Yom Kippur War. His younger brother, Benjamin Netanyahu, is the prime minister of Israel.
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Zhou Ji
Zhou Ji (; born 26 August 1946) is a Chinese politician. He served as the Minister of Education of the People's Republic of China between 2003 and 2009. He was educated in the United States and served briefly as the Mayor of Wuhan earlier in his career. Zhou is current President of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, succeeding Xu Kuangdi in June 2010.
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Afghanistan
{{Infobox country
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Ancash Region
Ancash is a region in northern Peru. It is bordered by the La Libertad region on the north, the Huánuco and Pasco regions on the east, the Lima region on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote. The name of the region originates from the Quechua word anqash, which means blue.
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Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
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Atlanta
Atlanta (, ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. Atlanta had an estimated population of about 540,900 people. Its metropolitan area is the ninth largest in the country, inhabited by more than 5.4 million people. The Atlanta Combined Statistical Area has a population approaching six million, making it the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. Like many areas in the Sun Belt, the Atlanta region has seen explosive growth since about 1976, and it added about 1.1 million residents between 2000 and 2008.
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Barney Oldfield
Berna Eli "Barney" Oldfield (June 3, 1878 – October 4, 1946) was an automobile racer and pioneer. He was born on a farm on the outskirts of Wauseon, Ohio. He was the first man to drive a car at 60 miles per hour (96 km/h) on an oval. His accomplishments led to the expression "Who do you think you are? Barney Oldfield?"
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Beverly Hills
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Bikini Atoll
Bikini Atoll (also known as Pikinni Atoll) is a World Heritage listed atoll in the Micronesian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, part of Republic of the Marshall Islands.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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Colombia
Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (, ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
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Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
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Cuba
The Republic of Cuba (; , ) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos.
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Czechoslovak
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Dien Bien Phu
Dien Bien Phu (Điện Biên Phủ ) is a city in northwestern Vietnam. It is the capital of Dien Bien province, and is known for the events there during the First Indochina War, the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, during which the region was a breadbasket for the Viet Minh.
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Disneyland
Disneyland Park is a theme park located in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division of The Walt Disney Company. Originally, and still often colloquially, called Disneyland, it was dedicated with a televised press preview on July 17, 1955, and opened to the general public on July 18, 1955. Disneyland holds the distinction of being the only theme park to be designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney himself. In 1998, the theme park was re-branded "Disneyland Park" to distinguish it from the larger Disneyland Resort complex.
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ENIAC
ENIAC (), short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, was the first general-purpose, electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
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Fulton, Missouri
Fulton is a city in Callaway County, Missouri, the United States of America. It is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 12,128 in the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Callaway County. Winston Churchill made his famous "Sinews of Peace" (Iron Curtain) speech in Fulton at Westminster College in 1946.
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Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia () is a state located in the southeastern United States. Georgia was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 21, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate states. It was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15, 1870 and the only among the 13 that is explicitly named after a monarch; King George II of England.
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Gestapo
The Gestapo (; abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, Secret State Police) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning in April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police (Chef der Deutschen Polizei). From September 1939 forward it was administered by the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) ("Reich Main Security Office") and was considered a sister organization of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) ("Security Service") and also a suboffice of the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) ("security police").
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Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe (; ; Antillean Creole: Gwadloup) is an archipelago located in the Leeward Islands, in the Lesser Antilles, with a land area of 1,628 square kilometres (629 sq. mi) and a population of 400,000. It is the first overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. As with the other overseas departments, Guadeloupe is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic since 2007.
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Haiphong
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Havana
Havana (, , officially Ciudad de La Habana,) is the capital city, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city is one of the 14 Cuban provinces. The city/province has 2.1 million inhabitants, the largest city in Cuba and the largest in the Caribbean region. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa, and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.
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Hilo, Hawaii
Hilo () is the second-largest CDP in the State of Hawaii and the largest settlement on the island of Hawaii with a population of 40,759 during the 2000 census and 47,345 according to a 2007 estimate.
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Iceland
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Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
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Interpol
Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL, is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( , ; Arabic: , al-Quds Sharif, "The Holy Sanctuary") is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 763,800 residents over an area of . Located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea, modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the boundaries of the Old City.
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Jordan
{{Infobox Country
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King David Hotel
The King David Hotel () is a 5-star hotel in Jerusalem, Israel. Opened in 1931, the hotel was built with locally quarried pink limestone and was founded by Ezra Mosseri, a wealthy Egyptian Jewish Banker. To this day the hotel remains one of the most prominent and prestigious hotels in Israel, and famous around the world. It is located in King David Street in the Centre of Jerusalem, overlooking Old City And Mount Zion.
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Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is an approximately stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada. The Strip lies in the unincorporated areas of Paradise and Winchester. Most of "the Strip" has been designated an All-American Road.
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Laupāhoehoe, Hawai'i
Laupāhoehoe is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 795 at the 2000 census.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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Long Island
Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, United States, just east of Manhattan. Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island contains four counties, two of which are boroughs (Queens and Brooklyn) of New York City, and two of which (Nassau and Suffolk) are mainly suburban or rural. In popular usage, the term "Long Island" generally refers only to Nassau and Suffolk counties in order to differentiate them from New York City, though all four counties on the island are part of the New York metropolitan area.
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Mahabad
Mahabad (, ) is a city in northwestern Iran with a population of 133,324 in 2006 census.[http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=1132961442&men;=gcis&lng;=en&gln;=xx&des;=gamelan&dat;=200&geo;=-106&srt;=pnan&col;=aohdqcfbeimg&va;=x&pt;=a] The city lies south of Lake Urmia in a narrow valley 1,300 metres above sea level, in West Azarbaijan Province.The name of 'Mahabad' (mah+abad) is the Persian translation of the ancient Mannaean name meaning place of moon, which is also a cognate with the Kurdish word mang. Mannaeans were a branch of Hurrians (Khurrites), a northern Mesopotamian people. It was referred to in the Turkic languages as 'Savoj-bolaq', or 'Sablakh', which means "Cold-spring water".
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Malayan Union
The Malayan Union was a federation of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements including Singapore. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government so as to simplify administration.
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Martinique
Martinique () is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of . Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. The Island was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1502.
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Merseyside
Merseyside () is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. Taking its name from the River Mersey, Merseyside came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974, after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972, and the county consists of five metropolitan boroughs adjoining the Mersey Estuary, including the City of Liverpool. Merseyside County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.
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Montenegro
Montenegro ( or ; Montenegrin: Crna Gora, Црна Гора, , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east and Albania to the southeast. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City.
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New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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North Vietnam
North Vietnam, also called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (), was a communist state that ruled the northern half of Vietnam from 1954 until 1976 following the Geneva Conference and laid claim to all of Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 during the First Indochina War, during which they controlled pockets of territory throughout the country.
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Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.
http://wn.com/Nuremberg_Trials -
Operation Crossroads
Operation Crossroads was a series of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in the summer of 1946. Its purpose was to investigate the effect of nuclear weapons on naval ships. The series consisted of two detonations, each with a yield of 23 kilotons: Able was detonated at an altitude of 520 feet (158 m) on July 1, 1946; Baker was detonated 90 feet (27 m) underwater on July 25, 1946. A third burst, Charlie, planned for 1947, was canceled primarily because of the Navy's inability to decontaminate the target ships after the Baker test.
http://wn.com/Operation_Crossroads -
Oxford Union
{| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia () is the largest city in Pennsylvania, sixth-most-populous city in the United States and the fifty-first most populous city in the world.
http://wn.com/Philadelphia -
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines -
Quebec
Quebec or ( ) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
http://wn.com/Quebec -
Quiches District
Quiches District is one of ten districts of the province Sihuas in Peru.
http://wn.com/Quiches_District -
Republic of Mahabad
The Republic of Mahabad (Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad/کۆماری مەھاباد, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد ), officially known as Republic of Kurdistan and established in Iranian Kurdistan, was a short-lived, Kurdish government that sought Kurdish autonomy within the limits of the Iranian state. The capital was the city of Mahabad in northwestern Iran. The state itself encompassed only a small territory, including Mahabad, and the market towns of Piranshahr, Sardasht, Bukan, Naqada and Ushnaviya.
http://wn.com/Republic_of_Mahabad -
Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
http://wn.com/Romania -
Réunion
Réunion (, ; previously Île Bourbon) is a French island of about 800,000 population located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about south west of Mauritius, the nearest island. Since August 2010, the Pitons, Cirques and Remparts of the island, covering more than 40% of its territory, feature on UNESCO's World Heritage List.
http://wn.com/Réunion -
Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
http://wn.com/Serbia -
Singapore
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/Singapore -
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
http://wn.com/Slovenia -
South Kurdistan
http://wn.com/South_Kurdistan -
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Syria -
Thailand
Thailand ( or ; Ratcha Anachak Thai, ), formerly Siam (, ), is an independent country that lies in the heart of Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Thailand -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
http://wn.com/Vietnam -
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. (), formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for a federal district, distinct from the states, to serve as the permanent national capital. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the federal territory until an act of Congress in 1871 established a single, unified municipal government for the whole District. It is for this reason that the city, while legally named the District of Columbia, is known as Washington, D.C. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, which is located on the country's Pacific coast.
http://wn.com/Washington_DC -
WWT Slimbridge
WWT Slimbridge is a wetland reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (a UK charity) at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, England. Slimbridge is halfway between Bristol and Gloucester on the estuary of the river Severn. The reserve was the first WWT centre to be opened, on 10 November 1946, thanks to the vision of artist and naturalist Sir Peter Scott. The United Kingdom now has eight other WWT sites.
http://wn.com/WWT_Slimbridge -
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Jugoslavija; Macedonian, Serbian Cyrillic: Југославија) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Yugoslavia -
Ziegfeld Theatre
The Ziegfeld Theatre was a Broadway theater located at the intersection of Sixth Avenue and 54th Street in Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1927 and, despite public protests, was razed in 1966.
http://wn.com/Ziegfeld_Theatre
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IL2 Sturmovik 1946 Trailer HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Published: 20 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 29 Dec 2011
- Author: xRainerZufallx
Trailer for flightsim "IL2 Sturmovik 1946" (unofficial) Pilots Stab/JG2_Little_D, 1./JG2_Reider, Stab/JG2_Rainer_Zufall www.multigamingmbh.de
http://wn.com/IL2_Sturmovik_1946_Trailer_HD
Frank Sinatra - Old Man River (1946)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Published: 19 Apr 2009
- Uploaded: 03 Jan 2012
- Author: WayfarerGirl
Lovely Video of Frank Sinatra singin Old Man River =) I DON'T OWN THE RIGHTS OF THE VIDEO & ALL THAT STUFF...
http://wn.com/Frank_Sinatra__Old_Man_River_1946
Sarah Vaughan - Don't Worry 'Bout Me (1946)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Published: 14 Aug 2008
- Uploaded: 02 Jan 2012
- Author: direfranchement
Recorded with the Teddy Wilson Quartet.
http://wn.com/Sarah_Vaughan__Don't_Worry_'Bout_Me_1946
Alfred Hitchcock - Notorious (1946) - Part 1 of 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Published: 21 Jul 2008
- Uploaded: 02 Jan 2012
- Author: btopsmoviechannel1
Ingrid Bergman & Cary Grant
http://wn.com/Alfred_Hitchcock__Notorious_1946__Part_1_of_11
The Strange Woman (1946)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 98:36
- Published: 17 Dec 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Jan 2012
- Author: thefilmarchive
DVD: www.amazon.com thefilmarchived.blogspot.com The Strange Woman is an American film directed by Edgar G. Ulmer, starring Hedy Lamarr, and released by United Artists. The film is now in the public domain. Cast * Hedy Lamarr as Jenny Hager * George Sanders as John Evered * Louis Hayward as Ephraim Poster * Gene Lockhart as Isaiah Poster * Hillary Brooke as Meg Saladine * Rhys Williams as Deacon Adams * June Storey as Lena Tempest * Moroni Olsen as Rev. Thatcher * Olive Blakeney as Mrs. Hollis * Kathleen Lockhart as Mrs. Partridge * Alan Napier as Judge Henry Saladine * Dennis Hoey as Tim Hager Directed by Edgar G. Ulmer Produced by Jack Chertok (producer) Hedy Lamarr (executive producer) Eugen Schüfftan (producer) Hunt Stromberg (executive producer) Written by Ben Ames Williams (novel) Herb Meadow (screenplay) Hunt Stromberg (writer) Edgar G. Ulmer (writer) Starring Hedy Lamarr Music by Carmen Dragon Cinematography Lucien N. Andriot Editing by John M. Foley Richard G. Wray Distributed by United Artists Release date(s) 25 October 1946 Running time 100 minutes Country United States Language English Hedy Lamarr (November 9, 1913 -- January 19, 2000) was an Austrian-born American actress. Though known primarily for her celebrity in a film career as a major contract star of MGM's "Golden Age", Lamarr was a scientist, inventor and mathematician who co-invented an early technique for spread spectrum communications, a key to many forms of wireless communication from the pre <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_Strange_Woman_1946
Hiroshima Aftermath 1946 USAF Film
Source: US National Archives, Archive Research Catalog arcweb.archives.org HIROSHIMA, WAY OF LIFE, 03 - 04/08/1946 ARC Identifier 64526 / Local Identifier 342-USAF-11078 Moving Images from the Department of Defense. Department of the Air Force. (09/26/1947 - ) Motion Picture, Sound, and Video Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division, College Park, MD Item from Record Group 342: Records of US Air Force Commands, Activities, and Organizations, 1900 - 2003
http://wn.com/Hiroshima_Aftermath_1946_USAF_Film
Bali - Paradise Isle 1946
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:04
- Published: 20 May 2008
- Uploaded: 31 Dec 2011
- Author: travelfilmarchive
A tour of Bali and its religious traditions in 1946. Footage from this film is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com
http://wn.com/Bali__Paradise_Isle_1946
Bogota, 1946
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:08
- Published: 29 Oct 2009
- Uploaded: 30 Dec 2011
- Author: travelfilmarchive
A film about the Colombian City of Bogota in the early 1940s. Topurchase a clean DVD or digital download of this film for personal home use or educational use only contact us at questions@archivesfarms.com. To license footage from this film for commercial use visit: www.travelfilmarchive.com
http://wn.com/Bogota,_1946
"Early Abstractions" (1946-57), Pt. 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Published: 20 Jul 2006
- Uploaded: 29 Dec 2011
- Author: donjuanauxenfers
Short animations by Harry Smith. No. 1: A Strange Dream (l946) No. 2: Message from the Sun (1946-48) No. 3: Interwoven (1947-49) (Part 1)
http://wn.com/Early_Abstractions_1946-57,_Pt_1
BIKINI ATOLL 1946
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Published: 13 Jun 2006
- Uploaded: 30 Nov 2011
- Author: magabashian
BIKINI ATOLL FOOTAGE FROM ARCHIVE
http://wn.com/BIKINI_ATOLL_1946
Tsunami 1946 - Hilo
One of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis - and the most severe in the Hawaiian islands - was generated by a large earthquake near Unimak in the Aleutian chain of islands of Alaska. The earthquake occurred on April 1, 1946, at 12:29 GMT. Its epicenter was at 52.8° N, 163.5° W, and its focal depth was shallow at 25 km. Although the quake was initially assigned a Richter magnitude of 7.2, in later years, the energy it released was reevaluated and a Moment Magnitude (Mw) of 8.6 was assigned. to this event. This earthquake generated one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis of the 20th century. Near the generating area, at Unimak Island, huge tsunami waves reached 35.0 m (more than 100 feet) above sea level and destroyed completely the newly built, US Coast Guard's Scotch Cap lighthouse. All 5 men of its crew were killed. The lighthouse was a steel-reinforced concrete structure and its base was at about 30 meters above sea level.
http://wn.com/Tsunami_1946__Hilo
The Stranger (1946) - Full Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 91:13
- Published: 23 Mar 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Jan 2012
- Author: LuckyStrike502
In 1946, Mr. Wilson (Edward G. Robinson) of the United Nations War Crimes Commission is hunting for Nazi fugitive Franz Kindler (Orson Welles). Kindler has effectively concealed his Nazi activities prior to his escape to the United States. He assumes a new identity, Charles Rankin, lands a job as a university professor and marries Mary Longstreet (Loretta Young), who is the daughter of Supreme Court justice Judge Adam Longstreet. Wilson releases Kindler's former associate Meinike (Konstantin Shayne) and follows him to Harper, Connecticut, but Meinike is strangled before he can identify Kindler. Wilson must convince Mrs. Rankin, the only person who knows for certain that Meinike came to meet her husband, that her Charles is a war criminal. The Stranger is a 1946 American film noir/drama film starring Orson Welles, Edward G. Robinson, and Loretta Young. Welles also directed the film, which was based on an Oscar-nominated screenplay written by Victor Trivas. Sam Spiegel was the film's producer, and the film's musical score is by Bronisław Kaper. It is believed that this is the first film released after World War II that showed footage of concentration camps. The Stranger was the only film made by Welles to have been a bona fide box office success on the first release (Citizen Kane had made back its budget and marketing, but not enough to make a profit). The copyright was by "The Haig Corporation" and it has been in the public domain for several years. The Stranger is in the <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_Stranger_1946__Full_Movie
Dartmouth Green Flashback
Student-produced film of life at Dartmouth College during World War Two, including footage of the Navy V-12 Program, President Hopkins and President Dickey, the Dartmouth Outing Club, Dartmouth football and post-war construction of Sachem Village and Wigwam Circle.
http://wn.com/Dartmouth_Green_Flashback
La Yumba (1946) - Osvaldo Pugliese
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Published: 04 May 2008
- Uploaded: 29 Dec 2011
- Author: kenanfromtr
La Yumba (1946) Osvaldo Pugliese Narrator: Daniel Binelli
http://wn.com/La_Yumba_1946__Osvaldo_Pugliese
Louis Jordan - Caldonia - 1946
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Published: 25 Feb 2009
- Uploaded: 02 Jan 2012
- Author: porknbeans1968
Swing Parade of 1946. song: Caldonia. A great tune!
http://wn.com/Louis_Jordan__Caldonia__1946
![The Killers [1946] Part 1/10](http://web.archive.org./web/20120127011442im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/gwbpnl07rTs/0.jpg "The Killers [1946] Part 1/10")
The Killers [1946] Part 1/10
Hit men kill an unresisting victim, and investigator Reardon uncovers his past involvement with beautiful, deadly Kitty Collins
http://wn.com/The_Killers_ 1946 _Part_1/10
1946 Willys Jeep Drifting Flying around in the mud
this thing is awesome :) its old, and its fun. :) and it works great. :)
http://wn.com/1946_Willys_Jeep_Drifting_Flying_around_in_the_mud
Immigration (1946)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:22
- Published: 08 Feb 2007
- Uploaded: 04 Dec 2011
- Author: TheFederalistParty
Reviews the history of immigration to the United States up to the restrictive law passed in 1924. A dramatized scene in a European steamship office is used to show the economic, political and religious motives for immigration. Contains scenes of Ellis Island and New York City in the early 20th century.
http://wn.com/Immigration_1946
V-2 Rocket, White Sands, NM 1946/11/21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Published: 13 Sep 2006
- Uploaded: 30 Nov 2011
- Author: UniversalNewsreels
White Sands NM V-2 rocket with camera makes film of earth as rocket rises and spins, 65 miles down, shows curvature of earth, "An observer in the rocket could have seen San Diego, Salt Lake City, Kansas City, and San Antonio" (partial newsreel).
http://wn.com/V-2_Rocket,_White_Sands,_NM_1946/11/21
21 Nazi Chiefs Guilty, Nuremberg Trials 1946/10/8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Published: 12 Oct 2006
- Uploaded: 02 Jan 2012
- Author: UniversalNewsreels
Nuremberg trials, 21 Nazis to learn fate at end of 10-month trial (partial newsreel)
http://wn.com/21_Nazi_Chiefs_Guilty,_Nuremberg_Trials_1946/10/8
International Sweethearts of Rhythm - 4 numbers (1946)
You know - this looks better to me than the WDR Big Band ever did - even with Maceo! Features Anne Mae Winburn and also Tiny Davis. She's Crazy With The Heat Do You Wanna Jump Children? How'Bout That Jive? Round & Brown Blues
http://wn.com/International_Sweethearts_of_Rhythm__4_numbers_1946
A Matter of Life and Death (1946) Heaven scene
Flying Officer Trubshaw (Bob Coote) is waiting in the ante room of heaven for his skipper Peter Carter (David Niven), who is supposed to have died when he bailed out of his burning Lancaster without a parachute. But the heavenly WAAF "angel" (Kathleen Byron) has no record of him ["There hasn't been a mistake here for over a thousand years ...') Has he been missed? Great visual design in this scene (spot a young Dickie Attenborough), and the portals looking down from the heavens inspired the design of a Midlands bus station!
http://wn.com/A_Matter_of_Life_and_Death_1946_Heaven_scene
Zionist Bombing In Jerusalem 1946
This clip is from episode one of a British-made documentary from 2002 titled 'The Age Of Terror', and examines the bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem on 22nd July 1946 by Zionist-Jewish terrorists, in which the south wing of the hotel, then occupied by British civil-military authorities, was bombed killing ninety-one people. Twenty-eight of the victims were British, forty-one Arabic, while seventeen were Jewish. The Zionist terrorists who carried-out the attack were known as the Irgun, and were led by a future prime minister of Israel, Menachem Begin. The King David Hotel bombing was an act of terrorism that is widely-considered to be the first real incidence of 20th century terrorism. It is most significant indeed that the narrator - British actor Sir Ian McKellen - unequivocally states that Jews were the first terrorists of the 20th century. Sir Ian also states that terrorists of the future learned from the example set by Zionist Jews in 1946. He is correct on both points. That Jews invented modern-day terrorism is an indisputable fact. The Zionist state of Israel is the mother of terrorism as we know it. It is somewhat ironic, although not at all surprising, that an Israeli should also be the architect of the 'war on terror'. His name? Benjamin Netanyahu, another who has held office as prime minister of Israel. And also it is important to take a note of the dress code of the terrorists? If all failed on the day who would shoulder the blame of the attack on <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Zionist_Bombing_In_Jerusalem_1946
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photo: UN / Paulo Filgueiras
13 Jan 2012
BAMAKO: India has extended a $100-million loan to Mali for a power project, while Bamako promised to support the Asian giant's bid for a permanent UN Security Council seat, a statement said. The joint...
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Lowest national road toll since 1946
25 Jan 2012
Sydney Morning Herald
AAP Fewer people died on Australian roads in 2011 than during any year since 1946. Figures released by the Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics show that 1292 people were killed on roads last year. This was a 4.4...
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January 12th, 1946
12 Jan 2012
Irish Times
FROM THE ARCHIVES:�Some six months after the end of the second World War up to 700 southerners a week were going to Belfast to join the British armed forces, mainly the RAF, according to this report by an anonymous "special representative" - JOE JOYCE�. ROUGHLY, HALF of the 700 are men who have...
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John Bishop, 1946-2011
23 Dec 2011
Chicago Tribune
John Bishop a guitarist who played with Ray Charles and in top rooms around the country...
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The New York Times
Historic Headlines Learn about key events in history and their connections to today.Go to related On This Day page »Go to related post from our partner, findingDulcinea »See all Historic Headlines » On Dec. 20, 1946, the Frank Capra film “It’s A Wonderful Life” had a preview...
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The Daily Telegraph
The woman who played Zuzu Bailey in It's A Wonderful Life rememembers acting alongside James Stewart in the 1946 Christmas classic. Karolyn Grimes plays Zuzu Bailey in It's A Wonderful Life. Photo: Getty images tag --> By Sophie de Rosée...
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The Examiner
George Bailey (James Stewart) is a compassionate small-town man who has spent his entire life giving himself to the citizens of Bedford Falls. He had always wanted to leave the town and see the world, but circumstances and his own warm heart have led him to stay. He marries his childhood sweetheart,...
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Detroit Free Press
TOWER -- While deer are about as common as pigeons in the area around Belleville where Walter Skszek lives, when he started hunting 65 years ago, they were nearly nonexistent in southern Michigan. For his first hunt in 1946, Skszek and his hunting buddies had to make a 12-hour trip on two-lane roads...
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The Guardian
How bad is the deficit really? As new figures show it's worsening, we bring you all the data going back to the 1940s • Get the data Budget deficits over time. Click image for full graphic. Illustration: Mark McCormick for the Guardian...
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__NOTOC__
Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
January 6 – A revised and streamlined revival of Kern and Hammerstein's ''Show Boat'' opens on Broadway at the Ziegfeld Theatre.
January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with 1937 borders, and divide the country into 4 occupation zones.
January 10
* The first meeting of the United Nations is held in London.
* ''Project Diana'' bounces radar waves off the Moon, measuring the exact distance between the Earth and the Moon, and proving that communication is possible between Earth and outer space, effectively opening the space age.
January 11
* Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania, with himself as prime minister.
* Porfirio Barba-Jacob's ashes go back to Colombia.
January 16 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as a head of a French provisional government.
January 17
* The UN Security Council holds its first session.
* Senator Dennis Chavez (D-NM) calls for a vote on an FEPC bill which calls for an end to discrimination in the workplace. A filibuster prevents it from passing.
January 19 The Bell X-1 is launched for the first time.
January 20 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as president of France.
January 22 – Iran: Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad at the Chuwarchira Square in the Kurdish city of Mahabad. He is the new president, Hadschi Baba Scheich is the prime minister.
January 25 – The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor.
January 28 – The Canadian schooner ''Bluenose'' founders on a Haitian reef.
January 29 – The Central Intelligence Group is established (the CIA in 1947).
January 31
* The last session of the Permanent Court of International Justice occurs.
* Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling the Soviet Union, establishes 6 constituent republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).
February 1
* Trygve Lie of Norway is selected as the first United Nations Secretary General.
* The Kingdom of Hungary becomes a republic.
February 14
* The Bank of England is nationalized.
* ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), an early general-purpose electronic computer, is unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.
February 15 – Canada indicts 22 communist agents.
February 20 – An explosion kills more than 400 coal miners in West Germany.
February 24 – Juan Perón is elected president of Argentina.
February 28 – In Philadelphia, General Electric strikers and police clash.
March 2
* British troops withdraw from Iran according to treaty; the Soviets do not.
* Ho Chi Minh is elected President of North Vietnam.
March 4 – C.G.E. Mannerheim resigns as president of Finland.
March 5 – In his speech at Westminster College, in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill talks about the ''Iron Curtain''.
March 6 – Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.
March 7 – The 18th Academy Awards ceremony is held.
March 9
* Juho Kusti Paasikivi becomes president of Finland.
* Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster at Burnden Park, Bolton, England, 33 killed and hundreds amongst the injured
March 10 – British troops begin withdrawing from Lebanon.
March 15 – Clement Attlee promises independence to India as soon as they can agree on a constitution.
March 19
* The Soviet Union and Switzerland resume diplomatic relations.
* French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion become overseas départements of France.
March 22 – The United Kingdom grants Transjordan, as it is then known, its independence; 3 years later the country changes its name to Jordan.
March 29 – The Gold Coast has an African majority in its parliament.
April 1
* A 14-meter high tsunami strikes Hilo and Laupāhoehoe on the Big Island of Hawaii; 173 are killed, thousands injured.
* The Malayan Union is formed.
* Singapore becomes a Crown colony.
April 3 – Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila, the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.
April 10 – In Japan, women vote for the first time, during elections for the House of Representatives of the 90th Imperial Diet.
April 17 – Syria's independence from France is officially recognized.
April 18
* The inaugural session of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) occurs.
* The United States recognizes Josip Broz Tito's government in Yugoslavia.
* The League of Nations, in its last meeting, transfers its mission to the United Nations and disbands itself.
April 23 – The Eastern Pennsylvania Basketball League (Which is now the CBA) is founded.
April 27 – FA Cup: Derby County beat Charlton Athletic in the first FA Cup final since the end of the war
April 28 – Pestalozzi Children’s Village (''Kinderdorf Pestalozzi'') established at Trogen in Switzerland to accommodate and educate orphans of World War II according to Pestalozzian principles.
April 29 – Trial against war criminals begin in Tokyo; the accused include Hideki Tōjō, Shigenori Tōgō and Hiroshi Ōshima.
May 1 – At least 800 Indigenous Australian pastoral workers walk off the job in Northwest Western Australia, starting one of the longest industrial strikes in Australia.
May 2 – Six inmates unsuccessfully try to escape from Alcatraz Prison. A riot occurs, the so-called "Battle of Alcatraz".
May 7 – Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed ''Sony'') is founded with about 20 employees.
May 9 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates, and is succeeded by his son Humbert II.
May 10
* Nehru is elected leader of the Congress Party in India.
* The first V-2 rocket is successfully launched at the White Sands Missile Range.
May 20 – The British House of Commons decides to nationalize mines.
May 21 – At the Los Alamos Laboratory, Dr. Louis Slotin saves his coworkers but receives a fatal dose of ionizing radiation (the incident is initially classified).
May 22 – The Kingdom of Transjordan is founded.
May 25 – The parliament of Transjordan makes emir Abdullah their king.
May 26 – Czechoslovak parliamentary election, with Communist victory (38%), last before communist take power
May 31 – A Greek referendum supports the return of the monarchy.
June 1 – Ion Antonescu, prime minister and "Conducator" (Leader) of Romania during World War II is executed; he was found guilty of betraying the Romanian people for benefits of Germany and sentenced to death by the Bucharest People's Tribunal.
June 2 – In a referendum, Italians decide to turn Italy from a monarchy into a republic. Women vote for the first time.
June 3 – The Interpol organization re-founded, telegraphic address “Interpol” adopted.
June 6 – The Basketball Association of America is formed in New York City.
June 8 – In Indonesia, Sukarno incites his supporters to fight Dutch colonial occupation.
June 9 – In Thailand, King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) accedes the throne after the mysterious death of his brother, King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII).
June 10 – Italy is declared a republic.
June 13 – Humbert II of Italy leaves the country and goes into exile in Portugal; Alcide de Gasperi becomes head of state.
June 14 – The Baruch Plan is proposed to the United Nations
June 17
* A tornado on the Detroit River kills 17.
* Laurence Olivier's ''Henry V'' opens in the United States nearly 2 years after its release in England. It is the first Shakespeare film in color, and critics hail it as the finest film of a Shakespeare play ever made.
June 23 – 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake.
June 25 – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (World Bank) begins operations.
June 30 – The War Relocation Authority is abolished.
July 1 – Nuclear testing: Operation Crossroads, a series of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in Micronesia, is initiated by detonation of ''Able'' at an altitude of 520 feet (158 m).
July 4
* Ankara University is founded in Turkey.
* After over 381 years of Western dominance, the Philippines attains full independence.
July 5 – Bikinis go on sale in Paris.
July 7
* Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first American saint to be canonized.
* Howard Hughes nearly dies in a test flight of the Hughes XF-11 and crashes it in a suburban Beverly Hills neighborhood because of a propeller malfunction.
July 16 – Bureau of Land Management (BLM) within Department of the Interior (formed by merger of Grazing Service and General Land Office).
July 21 – An Irgun bomb explodes in Jerusalem because of secretive talks between Jews and Britain to consolidate the state of Israel.
July 22 – King David Hotel bombing: The Irgun bombs the King David Hotel (headquarters of the British civil and military administration) in Jerusalem, killing 90.
July 25
* Nuclear testing: In the first underwater test of the atomic bomb, the surplus USS ''Saratoga'' is sunk near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, when the United States detonates the ''Baker'' device during Operation Crossroads.
* At Club 500 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stage their first show as a comedy team.
* In the last mass lynching in the United States, a mob of white men shoot and kill two African-American couples near Moore's Ford Bridge in Georgia.
August 1
* The Atomic Energy Commission is established.
* The Hungarian Forint is introduced in Hungary by the government, ending the world's biggest hyperinflation in the country.
August 3 – Holiday World, originally called ''Santa Claus Land'', opens to the public. It became the 1st themed park preceding Disneyland by 9 years.
August 4 – The 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake (magnitude 8.0) hits the northern Dominican Republic, killing 100, and leaving 20,000 homeless.
August 16 The Kurdistan Democratic Party is founded in South Kurdistan.
August 18 – The Vergarolla explosion in Croatia kills 70.
August 19 – Violence between Muslims and Hindus in Calcutta leaves 3,000 dead.
August 25 – Ben Hogan wins the PGA Championship.
September 2 – Interim Government of India takes charge with Jawaharlal Nehru as Vice President.
September 4 – Street violence between Muslims and Hindus erupts in Bombay.
September 8 – Bulgaria is declared a People's Republic after a referendum; King Simeon II leaves.
September 24 – Cathay Pacific Airways is founded by Roy C Farrell and H de Kantzow.
September 28 – George II of Greece returns to Athens.
October 1 – Mensa International is founded in the United Kingdom.
October 2 – Communists take over in Bulgaria.
October 13 – France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
October 14 – International Organization for Standardization (ISO) founded.
October 15 – Nuremberg Trials: Hermann Göring, founder of the Gestapo and recently convicted Nazi war criminal, poisons himself hours before his scheduled execution.
October 16
* Nazi War criminals convicted in the Nuremberg Trials are executed by hanging in a gymnasium in the Nuremberg Palace of Justice premises.
* The United Nations' first meeting in Long Island is held.
November 1 – In the first Basketball Association of America game, the New York Knicks defeat the Toronto Huskies 68–66 at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens.
November 4 – UNESCO established as a specialized agency of the United Nations.
November 5 – Senate and House elections in the United States both give majorities to the Republicans.
November 10
* At least 1,400 people are killed in an earthquake measuring 7.4 on the Richter Scale, in the Ancash Region and Quiches District in Peru.
* The Slimbridge Wetland Reserve opens in England.
November 12
* A truce is declared between Indonesian nationalist troops and the Dutch army in Indonesia.
* In Chicago, a branch of the ''Exchange National Bank'' (now part of the LaSalle Bank) opens the first 10 drive-up teller windows.
November 15 – The Netherlands recognizes the Republic of Indonesia.
November 17 – Eight British servicemen are killed in Jerusalem by Jewish nationalists.
November 19
* Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.
* Romanian general election, 1946: The Romanian Communist Party wins 79.86% of the vote through widespread intimidation tactics and electoral fraud.
November 22 – Tony Benn is elected as Treasurer of the Oxford Union.
November 23
* Vietnamese riot in Haiphong and clash with French troops. The French cruiser ''Suffren'' opens fire, killing 6,000 Vietnamese.
* The Workers Party of South Korea is founded.
November 27 – Cold War: Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appeals to the United States and the Soviet Union to end nuclear testing and to start nuclear disarmament, stating that such an action would "save humanity from the ultimate disaster."
December 1 – Miguel Alemán Valdés takes office as President of Mexico.
December 2 The International Whaling Commission was signed in Washington to "provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry".
December 7 – A fire at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, United States kills 119.
December 11 – UNICEF (the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund) is founded.
December 12
* The United Nations severs relations with Franco's Spain and recommends that member countries sever diplomatic relations.
* Léon Blum founds a government of socialist parties in France.
* Iranian troops recapture the Azerbaijan province and the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad, both of which had seceded earlier in the year.
December 14 – The International Labour Organization becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.
December 16 – Siam joins the United Nations (changes name to Thailand in 1949).
December 19 – Viet Minh forces begin a war against French occupying forces in Vietnam, succeeding in 1954 with France's surrender at Dien Bien Phu.
December 20
* Frank Capra's ''It's a Wonderful Life'', featuring James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, Henry Travers, and Thomas Mitchell, is released in New York.
* At least 1,362 people are killed in an earthquake and associated tsunami in Japan.
December 22 – The Havana Conference begins between U.S. organized crime bosses in Havana, Cuba.
December 24 – France's Fourth Republic is founded.
December 25 – The first artificial, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in Europe was initiated within the Soviet (Russian) nuclear reactor F-1.
December 26
* The Flamingo Hotel opens on the Las Vegas Strip.
* David Lean's ''Great Expectations'', based on the Charles Dickens novel, and featuring John Mills, Valerie Hobson, Martita Hunt, Alec Guinness, Francis L. Sullivan, Jean Simmons, and Finlay Currie, is released to great acclaim in the UK.
December 31 – President Harry Truman delivers Proclamation 2714, which officially ends hostilities in World War II.
The 20 mm M61 Vulcan Gatling gun contract is released.
Female suffrage is enacted in Belgium, Romania, Yugoslavia, Argentina and the Canadian province of Quebec.
The first female police officers are hired in Korea and Japan.
The Chinese Civil War intensifies between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China.
The first ''Tupperware'' is sold in department and hardware stores.
The British government takes emergency powers to deal with the balance-of-payments crisis.
Eva Perón tours Spain, Italy and France on behalf of Argentina, a circuit called the Rainbow Tour.
The NFL team San Francisco 49ers is formed.
The Casio Company is founded by engineer Tadao Kashio.
Binghamton University is founded.
January 1 – Roberto Rivelino, Brazilian football player
January 3
* John Paul Jones, English rock bassist (Led Zeppelin)
* Cissy King, American dancer and singer
January 5 – Diane Keaton, American actress and film director
January 6 – Syd Barrett, English rock guitarist and singer (Pink Floyd) (d. 2006)
January 8
* Stanton Peele, American psychologist
* Robby Krieger, American rock musician (The Doors)
January 9 – Mogens Lykketoft, Danish politician
January 11
* Naomi Judd, American country singer
* John Piper, American theologian
January 12 – George Duke, American musician
January 14 – Harold Shipman, British serial killer (d. 2004)
January 16
* Kabir Bedi, Indian actor
* Katia Ricciarelli, Italian singer
January 18 – Joseph Deiss, Swiss Federal Councillor
January 19
* Julian Barnes, English novelist
* Dolly Parton, American country singer and actress
January 20 – David Lynch, American film director
January 21 – Johnny Oates, American baseball player and manager (d. 2004)
January 22
* Malcolm McLaren, British music manager (d. 2010)
* Serge Savard, Canadian hockey player and executive
January 24 – Michael Ontkean, Canadian actor
January 26 – Gene Siskel, American film critic (d. 1999)
January 27 – Nedra Talley, American singer (Ronettes)
January 31 – Terry Kath, American rock musician (d. 1978)
February 2
* Blake Clark, American actor and comedian
* Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea
February 5 – Charlotte Rampling, British actress
February 6 – Jim Turner, American politician
February 7 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (d. 2011)
February 9 – Séan Neeson, Northern Irish politician
February 13 – Colin Matthews, British composer
February 14
* Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (d. 2003)
* Gregory Hines, American dancer and actor (d. 2003)
February 19 – Karen Silkwood, American activist (d. 1974)
February 20 – Brenda Blethyn, English actress
February 21
* Tyne Daly, American actress
* Alan Rickman, English actor
* Anthony Daniels, English actor
February 25
* Franz Xaver Kroetz, German dramatist
* Jean Todt, French motorsport boss
February 26 – Ahmed H. Zewail, Egyptian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
February 28
* Robin Cook, British politician (d. 2005)
* Don Francisco, American Christian musician
March 1
* Jan Kodes, Czech tennis player
* Lana Wood, American actress and producer
March 4
* Michael Ashcroft, English entrepreneur
* Haile Gerima, Ethiopian filmmaker
* Harvey Goldsmith, British impresario
March 5 – Lova Moor, French singer and dancer
March 6 – David Gilmour, English rock musician (Pink Floyd)
March 7 – Peter Wolf, American rock musician (The J. Geils Band)
March 10 – Mike Hollands, Australian animator
March 12 – Liza Minnelli, American singer and actress
March 13 – Yonatan Netanyahu, American-born Israeli Army officer, killed in Operation Entebbe (d. 1976)
March 15 – Bobby Bonds, American baseball player and manager (d. 2003)
March 17 – Georges J. F. Kohler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1995)
March 21
* Timothy Dalton, Welsh actor
* Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen
March 25 – Cliff Balsam, English footballer
March 26 – Johnny Crawford, American child actor and musician
March 27 – Olaf Malolepski, German musician (Die Flippers)
March 28 – Alejandro Toledo, former President of Peru
March 30 – Carolyn Simpson, judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales
March 31 – Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player (d. 1984)
April 4 – Dave Hill, English guitarist (Slade)
April 5
* Jane Asher, English actress
* Björn Granath, Swedish actor
April 7
* Colette Besson, French track and field athlete (d. 2005)
* Léon Krier, Luxembourgian architect
April 12 – Ed O'Neill, American actor
April 16 – Margot Adler, American journalist
April 19 – Tim Curry, British actor, singer and composer
April 20 – Julien Poulin, Canadian actor
April 25
* John Fox, British statistician
* Talia Shire, American actress
* Strobe Talbott, American journalist
* Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Russian politician
April 30 – King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden
May 1 – Joanna Lumley, English actress and author
May 2 – Lesley Gore, American rock singer
May 4 – John Watson, Northern Irish racecar driver
May 7 – Thelma Houston, American singer
May 9
* Candice Bergen, American actress
* Drafi Deutscher, German Schlager singer (d. 2006)
May 10
* Donovan Leitch, Scottish rock musician
* Dave Mason, English rock musician (Traffic)
May 11 – Robert Jarvik, American physicist and artificial heart inventor
May 12 – Richard Bruce Silverman, John Evans Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University
May 16 – Robert Fripp, British musician
May 17 – Udo Lindenberg, German musician
May 18 – Reggie Jackson, American baseball player
May 19
* André the Giant, French professional wrestler (d. 1993)
* Claude Lelièvre, Belgian Commissioner for Children Rights
May 20 – Cher, American actress and rock singer
May 22 – George Best, Northern Irish footballer (d. 2005)
May 23 – Frederik de Groot, Dutch actor
May 26 – Mick Ronson, English guitarist (d. 1993)
May 28 – K. Satchidanandan, Malayalam poet
May 29 – Fernando Buesa, Basque politician (d. 2000)
May 30 – Candy Lightner, American founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving
June 2 – Peter Sutcliffe, English serial killer
June 7
* Robert Tilton, American televangelist and author
* Jenny Jones, Palestinian-Canadian comedienne and talk show hostess
June 8 – Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of St. Lucia
June 10 – Fernando Balzaretti, Mexican actor (d. 1998)
June 14 – Donald Trump, American real estate magnate
June 15
* Demis Roussos, Greek singer
* Noddy Holder, English rock singer (Slade)
* Janet Lennon, American singer (The Lennon Sisters)
June 17 – Marcy Kaptur, U.S. Representative for the Ninth Congressional District of Ohio
June 18
* Russell Ash, British author
* Fabio Capello, Italian football player and manager
June 20 – Xanana Gusmão, first President of East Timor
June 22 – Kay Redfield Jamison, American psychiatrist
June 23 – Ted Shackelford, American actor
June 24
* Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (d. 1986)
* Robert Reich, 22nd United States Secretary of Labor
June 28 – Gilda Radner, American comedienne and actress (d. 1989)
June 29 – Egon von Furstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (d. 2004)
July 2 – Richard Axel, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
July 4
* Ed O'Ross, American actor
* Michael Milken, American financier
July 6
* George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States
* Sylvester Stallone, American actor, screenwriter and film director
July 9
* Bon Scott, Australian rock singer (AC/DC) (d. 1980)
* Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (Jimi Hendrix Experience) (d. 2008)
July 11 – Jack Wrangler, American porn star (d. 2009)
July 13 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
July 14 – John Wood, Australian actor
July 15 – Linda Ronstadt, American singer and songwriter
July 16
* Dave Goelz, American puppeteer
* Ron Yary, American football player
* Toshio Furukawa, Japanese voice actor
July 17 – Alun Armstrong, English actor
July 19 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
July 22
* Danny Glover, American actor and film director
* Mireille Mathieu, French singer
July 23 – Sally Flynn, American singer
July 25 – Rita Marley, Jamaican singer
July 29 – Ximena Armas, Chilean painter
July 30 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d. 1994)
August 1
* Mike Emrick, American sportscaster
* Sandi Griffiths, American singer
August 3 – Jack Straw, British politician
August 5 – Ron Silliman, American poet
August 9 – Jim Kiick, American football player
August 16 – Lesley Ann Warren, American actress and singer
August 17 – Drake Levin, guitarist for the band Paul Revere & The Raiders.
August 19
* Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States
* Beat Raaflaub, Swiss conductor
* Charles Bolden, American astronaut
August 20
* Ralf Hütter, German techno singer and musician (Kraftwerk)
* N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian businessman
August 23 – Keith Moon, English rock drummer (The Who) (d. 1978)
August 24 – John Grahl, British economist
August 25
* Charles Ghigna (Father Goose), American poet and children's author
* Rollie Fingers, American baseball player
August 26
* Valerie Simpson, American singer
* Mark Snow, American composer
* Zhou Ji, education minister of the People's Republic of China
August 29
* Bob Beamon, American athlete
* Leona Gom, Canadian novelist and poet
* Dimitris Christofias, sixth president of Cyprus
September 1
* Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea
* Barry Gibb, British/Australian rock musician (Bee Gees)
September 2 – Luis Avalos, Cuban-born American character actor
September 3 – Francisco Trois, Brazilian chess player
September 4
* Gary Duncan, American rock guitarist (Quicksilver Messenger Service)
* Greg Elmore, American rock drummer (Quicksilver Messenger Service)
September 5
* Dennis Dugan, American actor and director
* Freddie Mercury, Zanzibar-born English singer (Queen) (d. 1991)
September 7
* Willie Crawford, American baseball player (d. 2004)
* Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist (d. 2001)
September 9
* Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (d. 2004)
* Doug Ingle, American rock vocalist (Iron Butterfly)
* Billy Preston, American soul musician (d. 2006)
September 10
* Jim Hines, American athlete
* Don Powell, English rock drummer (Slade)
September 15
* Tommy Lee Jones, American actor
* Oliver Stone, American film director and producer
September 18 – Akira Kamiya, Japanese voice actor
September 19 – Connie Kreski, American model (d. 1995)
September 21
* Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councilor
* Mikhail Kovalchuk, Russian physicist and official
* Richard St. Clair, American musician and composer
September 23 – Franz Fischler, Austrian politician
September 24 – Lars Emil Johansen, Prime Minister of Greenland
September 25
* Jerry Penrod, American bass player
* Felicity Kendal, British actress
* Morari Bapu, Hindu Kathakaar
September 26
* Christine Todd Whitman, American politician
* Radha Krishna Mainali, Nepalese politician
September 28 – Jeffrey Jones, American actor
September 30
* Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (d. 1993)
* Claude Vorilhon, French-born 'messenger' of Raelism
October 1 – Tim O'Brien, American author
October 2 – Gen. Sonthi Boonyaratglin, President of the Council for National Security and Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army
October 3 – P. P. Arnold, American singer
October 4 – Susan Sarandon, American actress
October 6
* Lloyd Doggett, American politician
* Renate Holub, German philosopher
October 7
* Xue Jinghua, Chinese ballerina
* Catharine MacKinnon, American feminist
October 8
* Hanan Ashrawi, Palestinian scholar
* John T. Walton, son of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton (d. 2005)
October 9 – Tansu Çiller, Turkish politician
October 10
* Anne Boyd, Australian musician
* Chris Tarrant, British radio and TV personality
* Naoto Kan, Japanese politician
* Mildred Grieveson (aka: Anne Mather, Caroline Fleming, Cardine Fleming), British writer
October 11
* Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor
* Daryl Hall, American rock musician (Hall & Oates)
October 13
* Demond Wilson, American actor and minister
* Edwina Currie, English politician
* Dorothy Moore, American singer
October 14
* Justin Hayward, English rock singer and songwriter (The Moody Blues)
* François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic
October 15
* Richard Carpenter, American pop musician and composer (The Carpenters)
* John Getz, American actor
* Marsha Hunt, American singer and novelist
October 16
* Suzanne Somers, American actress and singer
* Elizabeth Witmer, Dutch-born politician
October 17
* Vicki Hodge, English actress and model
* Bob Seagren, American athlete and actor
October 18
* James Robert Baker, American novelist, screenwriter
* Howard Shore, Canadian film composer
* Andrea Zsadon, Hungarian soprano
October 19 – Philip Pullman, English author
October 20
* Elfriede Jelinek, Austrian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
* Marty Gervais, Canadian writer,
October 21 – Lyn Allison, Australian politician
October 22 – Eileen Gordon, British politician
October 25 – Edith Leyrer, Austrian actress
October 26 – Pat Sajak, American game-show host
October 27
* Leslie L. Byrne, American politician
* Ivan Reitman, Slovakian-born film director and producer
October 28 – Sharon Thesen, Canadian poet
October 29 – Kathryn J. Whitmire, Mayor of Houston, Texas
October 30
* Lynne Marta, American actress
* Andrea Mitchell, American journalist
October 31 – Stephen Rea, Northern Irish actor
November 1
* Marina Abramovic, Yugoslavian performance artist
* Ric Grech, British rock bassist (Family, Blind Faith, Traffic) (d. 1990)
* Lynne Russell, American newsreader
November 2 – Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor and composer (d. 2001)
November 4 – Laura Bush, former First Lady of the United States
November 5
* Herman Brood, Dutch artist (d. 2001)
* Loleatta Holloway, American singer
* Gram Parsons, American musician (d. 1973)
November 6 – Sally Field, American actress and singer
November 7 – Diane Francis, Canadian journalist
November 8
* Stella Chiweshe, Zimbabwean musician
* John Farrar, Australian guitarist, singer and songwriter (The Shadows & Marvin, Welch & Farrar)
* Guus Hiddink, Dutch football player and manager
November 10 – Alaina Reed Hall, American actress (d. 2009)
November 11 – Corrine Brown, American politician
November 12 – P. P. Arnold, English singer
November 13 – Ohara Reiko, Japanese actress
November 14 – Carola Dunn, English writer
November 15
* Gwyneth Powell, British actress
* Sandy Skoglund, American photographer
November 16
* Mahasti, Iranian singer (d. 2007)
* Terence McKenna, Writer, Philosopher, ethnobotanist and shaman(d. 2000)
November 17 – Petra Burka, Canadian figure skater
November 18 – Andrea Allan, Scottish actress
November 20
* Greg Cook, American football player
* Judy Woodruff, American television reporter
November 21
* Emma Cohen, Spanish actress
* Chaviva Hosek, Czech-born feminist
* Ulla Jessen, Danish actress
* Jacky Lafon, Belgian actress
* Marina Warner, English writer
November 22 – Anne Wheeler, Canadian television and film director
November 24 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (d. 1989)
November 25 – Marika Lindstrom, Swedish actress
November 26 – Ottilia Borbath, Romanian actress
November 27 – Nina Maslova, Russian actress
November 28 – Regina Braga, Brazilian actress
November 29
* Brian Cadd, Australian singer-songwriter
* Suzy Chaffee, American singer and actress
November 30 – Barbara Cubin, U.S. Congresswoman from Wyoming
December 2 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (d. 1997)
December 3
* Marjana Lipovšek, Slovenian singer and actress
* Joop Zoetemelk, Dutch cyclist
December 4
* Sherry Alberoni, American actress and voice artist
* You Inoue, Japanese voice actress (d. 2003)
December 5
* José Carreras, Spanish tenor
* Eva-Britt Svensson, Swedish politician
December 6
* Chelsea Brown, American actress
* Nancy Brinker, American health activist and diplomat
December 8
* Jacques Bourboulon, French photographer
* John Rubinstein, American actor
* Sharmila Tagore, Indian actress
December 9 – Sonia Gandhi, Indian politician
December 10
* Chrystos, American poet
* Thomas Lux, American poet
December 11
* Ellen Meloy, American writer (d. 2004)
* Susan Kyle, American writer
December 12
* Gloria Loring, American singer
* Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian racing car driver
December 14
* Lynne Marie Stewart, American actress (''Pee-wee's Playhouse'')
* Jane Birkin, English actress and singer
* Patty Duke, American actress
December 16
* Alice Aycock, American sculptor
* Benny Andersson, Swedish rock singer and songwriter (ABBA)
* Trevor Pinnock, English harpsichordist and conductor
December 17
* Bel Mooney, English broadcast journalist
* Eugene Levy, Canadian actor, comedian and director
December 18
* Nina Skottova, Czech politician and member of the European Parliament
* Steven Spielberg, American film director
* Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 1977)
December 19
* Candace Pert, American neuroscientist
* Robert Urich, American actor
December 20
* Lesley Judd, English television presenter
* John Spencer, American actor (d. 2005)
* Dick Wolf, American television producer
December 21
* Carl Wilson, American musician (d. 1998)
* Brian Davison, Rhodesian cricketer and Tasmanian politician
December 23
* Edita Gruberova, Slovakian soprano
* Susan Lucci, American actress
December 24
* Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, French politician and member of the European Parliament
* Brenda Howard, American bisexual activist (d. 2005)
* Jan Akkerman, Dutch rock guitarist (Focus)
December 25
* Jimmy Buffett, American rock singer and songwriter
* Larry Csonka, American football player
* Gene Lamont, American baseball player and manager
December 27
* Lenny Kaye, American guitarist
* Janet Street Porter, English broadcast journalist
December 28 – Edgar Winter, American rock musician
December 29
* Marianne Faithfull, English singer and actress
* Ruth Shady, Peruvian archaeologist
December 30
* Patti Smith, American poet and singer
* Berti Vogts, German football player and manager
December 31 – Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-American fashion designer
Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 1996)
Pete Price, Merseyside radio disc jockey
Tyler Burge, American philosopher
Afsaneh Najmabadi, Iranian historian and gender theorist
January 4 – George Woolf, Canadian jockey (b. 1910)
January 6 – Slim Summerville, American actor (b. 1892)
January 9 – Countee Cullen, American poet (b. 1903)
January 10 – Harry von Tilzer, American songwriter (b. 1872)
January 29 – Harry Hopkins, American politician (b. 1890)
February 2 – Rondo Hatton, American actor (b. 1894)
February 5 – George Arliss, English actor (b. 1868)
February 8 – Miles Mander, English actor (b. 1888)
February 15 – Cornelius Johnson, American athlete (b. 1913)
February 17 – Dorothy Gibson, American actress (b. 1889)
February 19 – Rafael Erich, Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1879)
March 2 – George E. Stewart, American Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1872)
March 4 – Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (b. 1886)
March 23 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (b. 1875)
March 24 – Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player (b. 1892)
March 31 – John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort, British Field Marshal (b. 1886)
April 1
* Noah Beery, Sr., American actor (b. 1882)
* Edward Sheldon, American playwright (b. 1886)
April 2 – Kate Bruce, veteran silent screen actress, made many films with D.W. Griffith (b. 1858)
April 3 – Alf Common, English footballer (b. 1880)
April 5 – Vincent Youmans, American composer (b. 1898)
April 8 – Qin Bangxian, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (b. 1907)
April 14 – Otto Dowling, United States Navy Captain, and the 25th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1881)
April 20 – Mae Busch, American actress (b. 1891)
April 21 – John Maynard Keynes, British economist (b. 1883)
April 22
* Lionel Atwill, English actor (b. 1885)
* Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1872)
May 1 – Bill Johnston, American tennis champion (b. 1894)
May 19 – Booth Tarkington, American novelist (b. 1869)
May 20 – Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (b. 1871)
May 31 – Picoğlu Osman, Turkish kemenche player (b. 1901)
June 1
* Ion Antonescu, Romanian prime minister and dictator (b. 1882)
* Leo Slezak, German tenor (b. 1873)
June 6 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
June 9 – Ananda Mahidol, King of Siam (b. 1925)
June 10 – Jack Johnson, African-American boxer (b. 1878)
June 13 – Charles Butterworth, American actor (b. 1896)
June 14
* John Logie Baird, Scottish television pioneer (b. 1888)
* Edward Bowes, American radio personality (b. 1874)
June 20 – Wan Rong, Empress of China (b. 1906)
June 23 – William S. Hart, stage actor and silent film cowboy star (b. 1864/or 65)
June 28 – Antoinette Perry, American actress and director (b. 1888)
July – Howard Hyde Russell, Founder, Anti-Saloon League (b. 1855)
July 2 – Mary Alden, American stage & screen actress (b. 1883)
July 8 – Orrick Glenday Johns, American writer (b. 1887)
July 12 – Ray Stannard Baker, American journalist and author (b. 1870)
July 13 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
July 15 – Razor Smith, English cricketer (b. 1877)
July 17 – Campbell Tait, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1886)
July 27 – Gertrude Stein, American writer (b. 1874)
July 30 – Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov, Russian poet, scientist and revolutionary (b. 1854)
August 5 – Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1863)
August 9 – Leon Gaumont, French film pioneer (b. 1864)
August 13 – H.G. Wells, English science fiction writer and historian (b. 1866)
August 20 – Rags Ragland, American comedian and actor (b. 1905)
August 26 – Jeanie MacPherson, American actress (b. 1887)
August 28 – Florence Turner, American actress (b. 1885)
September 17 – Frank Burke, American baseball player (b. 1880)
September 25 – Heinrich George, German actor (b. 1893)
September 29 – Raimu, French actor (b. 1883)
September 30 – Takashi Sakai, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1887)
October 2 – Ignacy Mościcki, former President of Poland (b. 1867)
October 4 – Barney Oldfield, American race car driver and automobile pioneer (b. 1878)
October 6 – Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1885)
October 12 – Joseph Stilwell, American World War II general (b. 1883)
October 15 – Hermann Göring, German Nazi Reichsmarschall (suicide) (b. 1893)
October 16 (executed):
* Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi leader (b. 1892)
* Hans Frank, German Nazi Governor General of Poland (b. 1900)
* Wilhelm Frick, German Nazi Minister of the Interior (b. 1877)
* Alfred Jodl, German Nazi Chief of the OKW (b. 1890)
* Ernst Kaltenbrunner, German Nazi Police General (b. 1903)
* Wilhelm Keitel, German Nazi Generalfeldmarschall (b. 1882)
* Joachim von Ribbentrop, German Nazi foreign minister (b. 1893)
* Alfred Rosenberg, German Nazi ideologist (b. 1893)
* Fritz Sauckel, German Nazi General Plenipotentiary (b. 1892)
* Julius Streicher, German Nazi propaganda publisher (b. 1885)
November 5 – Joseph Stella, Italian-American painter (b. 1877)
November 7 – Henry Lehrman, American actor (b. 1886)
November 11 – Nikolai Burdenko, Russian surgeon, founder of Russian neurosurgery (b. 1876)
November 14 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (b. 1876)
November 18 – Donald Meek, Scottish actor (b. 1878)
November 25 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur (b. 1851)
December 5 – Louis Dewis, Belgian Post-Impressionist painter (b. 1872)
December 7
* Laurette Taylor, American actress (b. 1884)
* Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (b. 1871)
December 10
* Walter Johnson, American baseball player (b. 1887)
* Damon Runyon, American writer (b. 1880)
December 12 – Renee Falconetti, French actress (b. 1892)
December 14 – Tom Dowse, Irish major league baseball player in the 1890s (b. 1866)
December 23 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist (b. 1873)
December 25 – W.C. Fields, American actor and comedian (b. 1880)
December 28 – Carrie Jacobs-Bond, American singer and songwriter (b. 1862)
Curtis Hidden Page, New Hampshire politician (b. 1870)
Physics – Percy Williams Bridgman
Chemistry – James B. Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
Physiology or Medicine – Hermann Joseph Muller
Literature – Hermann Hesse
Peace – Emily Greene Balch, John Mott
1946 Coin Pictures
af:1946
am:1946 እ.ኤ.አ.
ang:1946
ar:ملحق:1946
an:1946
frp:1946
ast:1946
gn:1946
av:1946
ay:1946
az:1946
bn:১৯৪৬
zh-min-nan:1946 nî
map-bms:1946
be:1946
be-x-old:1946
bh:१९४६
bcl:1946
bs:1946
br:1946
bg:1946
ca:1946
cv:1946
cs:1946
cbk-zam:1946
co:1946
cy:1946
da:1946
de:1946
et:1946
el:1946
myv:1946 ие
es:1946
eo:1946
eu:1946
fa:۱۹۴۶ (میلادی)
hif:1946
fo:1946
fr:1946
fy:1946
fur:1946
ga:1946
gv:1946
gd:1946
gl:1946
gan:1946年
xal:1946 җил
ko:1946년
hy:1946
hi:१९४६
hr:1946.
io:1946
ilo:1946
bpy:মারি ১৯৪৬
id:1946
ia:1946
os:1946-æм аз
is:1946
it:1946
he:1946
jv:1946
kn:೧೯೪೬
pam:1946
ka:1946
csb:1946
kk:1946
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Events
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Nobel Prizes
References
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 29°57′53″N90°4′14″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Frank Sinatra |
| Background | solo_singer |
| Birth name | Francis Albert Sinatra |
| Alias | Ol' Blue EyesThe Chairman of the Board |
| Birth date | December 12, 1915 |
| Birth place | Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Death date | May 14, 1998 |
| Death place | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Death cause | Heart attack |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Genre | Traditional pop, jazz, swing, big band, vocal |
| Occupation | Singer, actor, producer, director, conductor |
| Years active | 1935–95 |
| Label | Columbia, Capitol, Reprise, Apple Records |
| Associated acts | Rat Pack, Bing Crosby, Nancy Sinatra, Judy Garland, Quincy Jones, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Frank Sinatra, Jr., Dean Martin, Count Basie, Sammy Davis, Jr. |
| Website | |
| Spouse | Nancy Barbato (1939–1951)Ava Gardner (1951–57)Mia Farrow (1966–1968)Barbara Marx (1976–1998) }} |
Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 May 14, 1998) was an American singer and film actor.
Beginning his musical career in the swing era with Harry James and Tommy Dorsey, Sinatra became an unprecedentedly successful solo artist in the early to mid-1940s, after being signed to Columbia Records in 1943. Being the idol of the "bobby soxers", he released his first album, ''The Voice of Frank Sinatra'' in 1946. His professional career had stalled by the 1950s, but it was reborn in 1954 after he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in ''From Here to Eternity''.
He signed with Capitol Records in 1953 and released several critically lauded albums (such as ''In the Wee Small Hours'', ''Songs for Swingin' Lovers'', ''Come Fly with Me'', ''Only the Lonely'' and ''Nice 'n' Easy''). Sinatra left Capitol to found his own record label, Reprise Records in 1961 (finding success with albums such as ''Ring-a-Ding-Ding!'', ''Sinatra at the Sands'' and ''Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim''), toured internationally, was a founding member of the Rat Pack and fraternized with celebrities and statesmen, including John F. Kennedy. Sinatra turned 50 in 1965, recorded the retrospective ''September of My Years'', starred in the Emmy-winning television special ''Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music'', and scored hits with "Strangers in the Night" and "My Way".
With sales of his music dwindling and after appearing in several poorly received films, Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971. Two years later, however, he came out of retirement and in 1973 recorded several albums, scoring a Top 40 hit with "(Theme From) New York, New York" in 1980. Using his Las Vegas shows as a home base, he toured both within the United States and internationally, until a short time before his death in 1998.
Sinatra also forged a successful career as a film actor, winning the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in ''From Here to Eternity'', a nomination for Best Actor for ''The Man with the Golden Arm'', and critical acclaim for his performance in ''The Manchurian Candidate''. He also starred in such musicals as ''High Society'', ''Pal Joey'', ''Guys and Dolls'' and ''On the Town''. Sinatra was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983 and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997. Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Early life
Born December 12, 1915, in Hoboken, New Jersey, Sinatra was the only child of Italian immigrants Natalie Della Garaventa and Antonino Martino Sinatra and was raised Roman Catholic. He left high school without graduating, having attended only 47 days before being expelled because of his rowdy conduct. Sinatra's father, often referred to as Marty, served with the Hoboken Fire Department as a Captain. His mother, known as Dolly, was influential in the neighborhood and in local Democratic Party circles, but also ran an illegal abortion business from her home; she was arrested several times and convicted twice for this offense. During the Great Depression, Dolly nevertheless provided money to her son for outings with friends and expensive clothes. In 1938, Sinatra was arrested for carrying on with a married woman, a criminal offense at the time. For his livelihood, he worked as a delivery boy at the ''Jersey Observer'' newspaper, and later as a riveter at the Tietjan and Lang shipyard, but music was Sinatra's main interest, and he carefully listened to big band jazz. He began singing for tips at the age of eight, standing on top of the bar at a local nightclub in Hoboken. Sinatra began singing professionally as a teenager in the 1930s, although he learned music by ear and never learned how to read music.
Career
1935–40: Start of career, work with James and Dorsey
Sinatra got his first break in 1935 when his mother persuaded a local singing group, The Three Flashes, to let him join. With Sinatra, the group became known as the Hoboken Four, and they sufficiently impressed Edward Bowes. After appearing on his show, ''Major Bowes Amateur Hour'', they attracted 40,000 votes and won the first prize – a six month contract to perform on stage and radio across the United States.Sinatra left the Hoboken Four and returned home in late 1935. His mother secured him a job as a singing waiter and MC at the Rustic Cabin in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, for which he was paid $15 a week.
On March 18, 1939, Sinatra made a demo recording of a song called "Our Love", with the Frank Mane band. The record has "Frank Sinatra" signed on the front. The bandleader kept the original record in a safe for nearly 60 years. In June, Harry James hired Sinatra on a one year contract of $75 a week. It was with the James band that Sinatra released his first commercial record "From the Bottom of My Heart" in July, 1939— US Brunswick #8443 and UK Columbia #DB2150.
Fewer than 8,000 copies of "From the Bottom of My Heart" (Brunswick #8443) were sold, making the record a very rare find that is sought after by record collectors worldwide. Sinatra released ten commercial tracks with James through 1939, including "All or Nothing At All" which had weak sales on its initial release but then sold millions of copies when re-released by Columbia at the height of Sinatra's popularity a few years later.
In November 1939, in a meeting at the Palmer House in Chicago, Sinatra was asked by bandleader Tommy Dorsey to join his band as a replacement for Jack Leonard, who had recently left to launch a solo career. This meeting was a turning point in Sinatra's career. By signing with Dorsey's band, one of the hottest at the time, he greatly increased his visibility with the American public. Though Sinatra was still under contract with James, James recognized the opportunity Dorsey offered and graciously released Sinatra from his contract. Sinatra recognized his debt to James throughout his life and upon hearing of James' death in 1983, stated: "he [James] is the one that made it all possible."
On January 26, 1940, Sinatra made his first public appearance with the Dorsey band at the Coronado Theater in Rockford, Illinois. In his first year with Dorsey, Sinatra released more than forty songs, with "I'll Never Smile Again" topping the charts for twelve weeks beginning in mid-July.
Sinatra's relationship with Tommy Dorsey was troubled, because of their contract, which awarded Dorsey one-third of Sinatra's lifetime earnings in the entertainment industry. In January 1942, Sinatra recorded his first solo sessions without the Dorsey band (but with Dorsey's arranger Axel Stordahl and with Dorsey's approval). These sessions were released commercially on the Bluebird label. Sinatra left the Dorsey band late in 1942 in an incident that started rumors of Sinatra's involvement with the Mafia. A story appeared in the Hearst newspapers that mobster Sam Giancana coerced Dorsey to let Sinatra out of his contract for a few thousand dollars, and was fictionalized in the movie ''The Godfather''. According to Nancy Sinatra's biography, the Hearst rumors were started because of Frank's Democratic politics. In fact, the contract was bought out by MCA founder Jules Stein for $75,000.
1940–50: Sinatramania and decline of career
In May 1941, Sinatra was at the top of the male singer polls in the Billboard and Down Beat magazines. His appeal to bobby soxers, as teenage girls of that time were called, revealed a whole new audience for popular music, which had been recorded mainly for adults up to that time.On December 31, 1942, Sinatra made a "legendary opening" at the Paramount Theater in New York. Jack Benny later said, "I thought the goddamned building was going to cave in. I never heard such a commotion... All this for a fellow I never heard of." When Sinatra returned to the Paramount in October 1944, 35,000 fans caused a near riot outside the venue because they were not allowed in.
During the musicians' strike of 1942–44, Columbia re-released Harry James and Sinatra's version of "All or Nothing at All" (music by Arthur Altman and lyrics by Jack Lawrence), recorded in August 1939 and released before Sinatra had made a name for himself. The original release did not even mention the vocalist's name. When the recording was re–released in 1943 with Sinatra's name prominently displayed, the record was on the best–selling list for 18 weeks and reached number 2 on June 2, 1943.
Sinatra signed with Columbia on June 1, 1943, as a solo artist, and he initially had great success, particularly during the 1942–44 musicians' strike. Although no new records had been issued during the strike, he had been performing on the radio (on ''Your Hit Parade''), and on stage. Columbia wanted to get new recordings of their growing star as fast as possible, so Sinatra convinced them to hire Alec Wilder as arranger and conductor for several sessions with a vocal group called the Bobby Tucker Singers. These first sessions were on June 7, June 22, August 5, and November 10, 1943. Of the nine songs recorded during these sessions, seven charted on the best–selling list.
Sinatra did not serve in the military during World War II. On December 11, 1943, he was classified 4-F ("Registrant not acceptable for military service") for a perforated eardrum by his draft board. Additionally, an FBI report on Sinatra, released in 1998, showed that the doctors had also written that he was a "neurotic" and "not acceptable material from a psychiatric standpoint". This was omitted from his record to avoid "undue unpleasantness for both the selectee and the induction service". Active-duty servicemen, like journalist William Manchester, said of Sinatra, "I think Frank Sinatra was the most hated man of World War II, much more than Hitler", because Sinatra was back home making all of that money and being shown in photographs surrounded by beautiful women. His exemption would resurface throughout his life and cause him grief when he had to defend himself. There were accusations, including some from noted columnist Walter Winchell, that Sinatra paid $40,000 to avoid the service – but the FBI found no evidence of this.
In 1945, Sinatra co-starred with Gene Kelly in ''Anchors Aweigh''. That same year, he was loaned out to RKO to star in a short film titled ''The House I Live In''. Directed by Mervyn LeRoy, this film on tolerance and racial equality earned a special Academy Award shared among Sinatra and those who brought the film to the screen, along with a special Golden Globe for "Promoting Good Will". 1946 saw the release of his first album, ''The Voice of Frank Sinatra'', and the debut of his own weekly radio show.
By the end of 1948, Sinatra felt that his career was stalling, something that was confirmed when he slipped to No. 4 on ''Down Beat'''s annual poll of most popular singers (behind Billy Eckstine, Frankie Laine, and Bing Crosby).
The year 1949 saw an upswing, as Frank co-starred with Gene Kelly in ''Take Me Out to the Ball Game''. It was well received critically and became a major commercial success. That same year, Sinatra teamed up with Kelly for a third time in ''On the Town''.
1950–60: Rebirth of career, Capitol concept albums
After two years' absence, Sinatra returned to the concert stage on January 12, 1950, in Hartford, Connecticut. His voice suffered and he experienced hemorrhaging of his vocal cords on stage at the Copacabana on April 26, 1950. Sinatra's career and appeal to new teen audiences declined as he moved into his mid-30s.This was a period of serious self-doubt about the trajectory of his career. In February 1951, he was walking through Times Square, past the Paramount theatre, keystone venue of his earlier phenomenal success. The Paramount marquee glowed in announcement of Eddie Fisher in concert. Swarms of teen-age girls had gathered in frenzy, swooning over the current singing idol. For Sinatra this public display of enthusiasm for Fisher validated a fear he had harbored in his own mind for a long time. The Sinatra star had fallen; the shouts of "Frankieee" were echoes of the past. Agitated and disconsolate he rushed home, closed his kitchen door, turned on the gas and laid his head on the top of the stove. A friend returned to the apartment not long after to find Sinatra lying on the floor sobbing out the melodrama of his life, proclaiming his failure was so complete he could not even commit suicide''.
In September 1951, Sinatra made his Las Vegas debut at the Desert Inn. A month later, a second series of the ''Frank Sinatra Show'' aired on CBS. Ultimately, Sinatra did not find the success on television for which he had hoped. The persona he presented to the TV audience was not that of a performer easily welcomed into homes. He projected an arrogance not compatible with the type of cozy congeniality that played well on the small screen.
Columbia and MCA dropped him in 1952.
The rebirth of Sinatra's career began with the eve-of-Pearl Harbor drama ''From Here to Eternity'' (1953), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. This role and performance marked a turnaround in Sinatra's career: after several years of critical and commercial decline, becoming an Oscar-winning actor helped him regain his position as the top recording artist in the world.
Also in 1953, Sinatra starred in the NBC radio program ''Rocky Fortune''. His character, Rocko Fortunato (aka Rocky Fortune) was a temp worker for the Gridley Employment Agency who stumbled into crime-solving by way of the odd jobs to which he was dispatched. The series aired on NBC radio Tuesday nights from October 1953 to March 1954, following the network's crime drama hit ''Dragnet''. During the final months of the show, just before the 1954 Oscars, it became a running gag that Sinatra would manage to work the phrase "from here to eternity" into each episode, a reference to his Oscar-nominated performance.
In 1953, Sinatra signed with Capitol Records, where he worked with many of the finest musical arrangers of the era, most notably Nelson Riddle, Gordon Jenkins, and Billy May. With a series of albums featuring darker emotional material, Sinatra reinvented himself, including ''In the Wee Small Hours'' (1955)—Sinatra's first 12" LP and his second collaboration with Nelson Riddle—''Where Are You?'' (1957) and ''Frank Sinatra Sings For Only The Lonely'' (1958). He also incorporated a hipper, "swinging" persona into some of his music, as heard on ''Swing Easy!'' (1954), ''Songs For Swingin' Lovers'' (1956), and ''Come Fly With Me'' (1957).
By the end of the year, Billboard had named "Young at Heart" Song of the Year; ''Swing Easy!'', with Nelson Riddle at the helm (his second album for Capitol), was named Album of the Year; and Sinatra was named "Top Male Vocalist" by ''Billboard'', ''Down Beat'' and ''Metronome''.
A third collaboration with Nelson Riddle, ''Songs For Swingin' Lovers'', was both a critical and financial success, featuring a recording of "I've Got You Under My Skin".
''Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely'', a stark collection of introspective saloon songs and blues-tinged ballads, was a mammoth commercial success, spending 120 weeks on ''Billboard'''s album chart and peaking at #1. Cuts from this LP, such as "Angel Eyes" and "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)", would remain staples of Sinatra's concerts throughout his life.
Through the late fifties, Sinatra frequently criticized rock and roll music, much of it being his reaction to rhythms and attitudes he found alien. In 1958 he lambasted it as "sung, played, and written for the most part by cretinous goons. It manages to be the martial music of every sideburned delinquent on the face of the earth."
Sinatra's 1959 hit "High Hopes" lasted on the Hot 100 for 17 weeks, more than any other Sinatra hit did on that chart, and was a recurring favorite for years on "Captain Kangaroo".
1960–70: ''Ring-A-Ding-Ding'', Reprise records, Basie, Jobim, "My Way"
Sinatra started the 1960s as he ended the 1950s. His first album of the decade, ''Nice 'n' Easy'', topped ''Billboard''His fourth and final Timex TV special was broadcast in March 1960, and earned massive viewing figures. Titled ''It's Nice to Go Travelling'', the show is more commonly known as ''Welcome Home Elvis''. Elvis Presley's appearance after his army discharge was somewhat ironic; Sinatra had been scathing about him in the mid fifties, saying: "His kind of music is deplorable, a rancid smelling aphrodisiac. It fosters almost totally negative and destructive reactions in young people." Presley had responded: "... [Sinatra] is a great success and a fine actor, but I think he shouldn't have said it... [rock and roll] is a trend, just the same as he faced when he started years ago." Later, in efforts to maintain his commercial viability, Sinatra recorded Presley's hit "Love Me Tender" as well as works by Paul Simon ("Mrs. Robinson"), The Beatles ("Something", "Yesterday"), and Joni Mitchell ("Both Sides Now").
Following on the heels of the film ''Can Can'' was ''Ocean's 11'', the movie that became the definitive on-screen outing for "The Rat Pack".
From his youth, Sinatra displayed sympathy for African Americans and worked both publicly and privately all his life to help them win equal rights. He played a major role in the desegregation of Nevada hotels and casinos in the 1960s. On January 27, 1961, Sinatra played a benefit show at Carnegie Hall for Martin Luther King, Jr. and led his fellow Rat Pack members and Reprise label mates in boycotting hotels and casinos that refused entry to black patrons and performers. He often spoke from the stage on desegregation and repeatedly played benefits on behalf of Dr. King and his movement. According to his son, Frank Sinatra, Jr., King sat weeping in the audience at a concert in 1963 as Sinatra sang ''Ol' Man River'', a song from the musical ''Show Boat'' that is sung by an African-American stevedore.
On September 11 and 12, 1961, Sinatra recorded his final songs for Capitol.
In 1962, he starred with Janet Leigh and Laurence Harvey in the political thriller, ''The Manchurian Candidate'', playing Bennett Marco. That same year, Sinatra and Count Basie collaborated for the album ''Sinatra-Basie''. This popular and successful release prompted them to rejoin two years later for the follow-up ''It Might as Well Be Swing'', which was arranged by Quincy Jones. One of Sinatra's more ambitious albums from the mid-1960s, ''The Concert Sinatra'', was recorded with a 73-piece symphony orchestra on 35mm tape.
Sinatra's first live album, ''Sinatra at the Sands'', was recorded during January and February 1966 at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas.
In June 1965, Sinatra, Sammy Davis, Jr., and Dean Martin played live in Saint Louis to benefit Dismas House. The concert was broadcast live via satellite to numerous movie theaters across America. Released in August 1965 was the Grammy Award–winning album of the year, ''September of My Years'', containing the single "It Was A Very Good Year", which won the Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance, Male in 1966. A career anthology, ''A Man and His Music'', followed in November, winning Album of the Year at the Grammys in 1966. The TV special, ''Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music'', garnered both an Emmy award and a Peabody Award.
In the spring, ''That's Life'' appeared, with both the single and album becoming Top Ten hits in the US on ''Billboard'''s pop charts. ''Strangers in the Night'' went on to top the ''Billboard'' and UK pop singles charts, winning the award for Record of the Year at the Grammys. The album of the same name also topped the ''Billboard'' chart and reached number 4 in the UK.
Sinatra started 1967 with a series of important recording sessions with Antônio Carlos Jobim. Later in the year, a duet with daughter Nancy, "Somethin' Stupid", topped the ''Billboard'' pop and UK singles charts. In December, Sinatra collaborated with Duke Ellington on the album ''Francis A. & Edward K.''.
During the late 1960s, press agent Lee Solters would invite columnists and their spouses into Sinatra's dressing room just before he was about to go on stage. ''The New Yorker'' recounted that "the first columnist they tried this on was Larry Fields of the ''Philadelphia Daily News'', whose wife fainted when Sinatra kissed her cheek. 'Take care of it, Lee,' Sinatra said, and he was off." The professional relationship Sinatra shared with Solters focused on projects on the west coast while those focused on the east coast were handled by Solters' partner, Sheldon Roskin of Solters/Roskin/Friedman, a well-known firm at the time.
Back on the small-screen, Sinatra once again worked with Jobim and Ella Fitzgerald on the TV special, ''A Man and His Music + Ella + Jobim''.
''Watertown'' (1970) was one of Sinatra's most acclaimed concept albums but was all but ignored by the public. Selling a mere 30,000 copies and reaching a peak chart position of 101, its failure put an end to plans for a television special based on the album.
With Sinatra in mind, singer-songwriter Paul Anka wrote the song "My Way", inspired from the French "Comme d'habitude" ("As Usual"), composed by Claude François and Jacques Revaux. (The song had been previously commissioned to David Bowie, whose lyrics did not please the involved agents.) "My Way" would, ironically, become more closely identified with him than any other song over his seven decades as a singer even though he reputedly did not care for it.
1970–80: Retirement and comeback
On June 13, 1971 – at a concert in Hollywood to raise money for the Motion Picture and TV Relief Fund – at the age of 55, Sinatra announced that he was retiring, bringing to an end his 36-year career in show business.In 1973, Sinatra came out of retirement with a television special and album, both entitled ''Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back''. The album, arranged by Gordon Jenkins and Don Costa, was a great success, reaching number 13 on ''Billboard'' and number 12 in the UK. The TV special was highlighted by a dramatic reading of "Send in the Clowns" and a song and dance sequence with former co-star Gene Kelly.
In January, 1974, Sinatra returned to Las Vegas, performing at Caesars Palace despite vowing in 1970 never to play there again after the manager of the resort, Sanford Waterman, pulled a gun on him during a heated argument. With Waterman recently shot, the door was open for Sinatra to return.
In Australia, he caused an uproar by describing journalists there – who were aggressively pursuing his every move and pushing for a press conference – as "fags", "pimps", and "whores". Australian unions representing transport workers, waiters, and journalists went on strike, demanding that Sinatra apologize for his remarks. Sinatra instead insisted that the journalists apologize for "fifteen years of abuse I have taken from the world press". The future Prime Minister of Australia, Bob Hawke, then the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) leader, also insisted that Sinatra apologize, and a settlement was eventually reached to the apparent satisfaction of both parties, Sinatra's final show of his Australian tour was televised to the nation.
In October 1974, Sinatra appeared at New York City's Madison Square Garden in a televised concert that was later released as an album under the title ''The Main Event – Live''. Backing him was bandleader Woody Herman and the Young Thundering Herd, who accompanied Sinatra on a European tour later that month. The TV special garnered mostly positive reviews while the album – actually culled from various shows during his comeback tour – was only a moderate success, peaking at No.37 on ''Billboard'' and No.30 in the UK.
In August, 1975, Sinatra held several back-to-back concerts together with the newly-risen singer, John Denver. Soon they became friends with each other. John Denver later appeared as a guest in the ''Sinatra and friends'' TV Special, singing "September Song" together with Sinatra. Sinatra covered the John Denver hits "My Sweet Lady" and "Leaving on a Jet Plane". And, according to Denver, his song "A Baby Just Like You" was written at Sinatra's request.
In 1979, in front of the Egyptian pyramids, Sinatra performed for Anwar Sadat. Back in Las Vegas, while celebrating 40 years in show business and his 64th birthday, he was awarded the Grammy Trustees Award during a party at Caesars Palace.
1980–90: ''Trilogy'', ''She Shot Me Down'', ''L.A. Is My Lady''
In 1980, Sinatra's first album in six years was released, ''Trilogy: Past Present Future'', a highly ambitious triple album that found Sinatra recording songs from the past (pre-rock era) and present (rock era and contemporary) that he had overlooked during his career, while 'The Future' was a free-form suite of new songs linked à la musical theater by a theme, in this case, Sinatra pondering over the future. The album garnered six Grammy nominations – winning for best liner notes – and peaked at number 17 on ''Billboard'''s album chart, while spawning yet another song that would become a signature tune, "Theme from New York, New York", as well as Sinatra's much lauded (second) recording of George Harrison's "Something" (the first was not officially released on an album until 1972's ''Frank Sinatra's Greatest Hits, Vol. 2'').
The following year, Sinatra built on the success of ''Trilogy'' with ''She Shot Me Down'', an album that revisited the dark tone of his Capitol years, and was praised by critics as a vintage late-period Sinatra. Sinatra would comment that it was "A complete saloon album... tear-jerkers and cry-in-your-beer kind of things".
Also in 1981, Sinatra was embroiled in controversy when he worked a ten-day engagement for $2 million in Sun City, South Africa, breaking a cultural boycott against apartheid-era South Africa. See Artists United Against Apartheid
He was selected as one of the five recipients of the 1983 Kennedy Center Honors, alongside Katharine Dunham, James Stewart, Elia Kazan, and Virgil Thomson. Quoting Henry James in honoring his old friend, President Ronald Reagan said that "art was the shadow of humanity" and that Sinatra had "spent his life casting a magnificent and powerful shadow".
In 1984, Sinatra worked with Quincy Jones for the first time in nearly two decades on the album, ''L.A. Is My Lady'', which was well received critically. The album was a substitute for another Jones project, an album of duets with Lena Horne, which had to be abandoned. (Horne developed vocal problems and Sinatra, committed to other engagements, could not wait to record.)
1990s: ''Duets'', final performances
In 1990, Sinatra did a national tour, and was awarded the second "Ella Award" by the Los Angeles–based Society of Singers. At the award ceremony, he performed for the final time with Ella Fitzgerald.In December, as part of Sinatra's birthday celebrations, Patrick Pasculli, the Mayor of Hoboken, made a proclamation in his honor, declaring that "no other vocalist in history has sung, swung, crooned, and serenaded into the hearts of the young and old... as this consummate artist from Hoboken." The same month Sinatra gave the first show of his Diamond Jubilee Tour at the Brendan Byrne Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey.
In 1993 Sinatra made a surprise return to Capitol and the recording studio for ''Duets'', which was released in November.
The other artists who added their vocals to the album worked for free, and a follow-up album (''Duets II'') was released in 1994 that reached No.9 on the ''Billboard'' charts.
Still touring despite various health problems, Sinatra remained a top concert attraction on a global scale during the first half of the 1990s. At times during concerts his memory failed him and a fall onstage in Richmond, Virginia, in March, 1994, signaled further problems.
Sinatra's final public concerts were held in Japan's Fukuoka Dome in December, 1994. The following year, on February 25, 1995, at a private party for 1200 select guests on the closing night of the Frank Sinatra Desert Classic golf tournament, Sinatra sang before a live audience for the very last time. ''Esquire'' reported of the show that Sinatra was "clear, tough, on the money" and "in absolute control". His closing song was "The Best is Yet to Come".
Sinatra was awarded the Legend Award at the 1994 Grammy Awards, where he was introduced by Bono, who said of him, "Frank's the chairman of the bad attitude... Rock 'n roll plays at being tough, but this guy is the boss—the chairman of boss... I'm not going to mess with him, are you?" Sinatra called it "the best welcome...I ever had", but his acceptance speech ran too long and was abruptly cut off, leaving him looking confused and talking into a dead microphone.
In 1995, to mark Sinatra's 80th birthday, the Empire State Building glowed blue. A star-studded birthday tribute, ''Sinatra: 80 Years My Way'', was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. At the end of the program Sinatra graced the stage for the last time to sing the final notes of "New York, New York" with an ensemble. It was Sinatra's last televised appearance.
In recognition of his many years of association with Las Vegas, Frank Sinatra was elected to the Gaming Hall of Fame in 1997.
Film career
Sinatra enjoyed a huge film career and began making movies almost as soon as his singing career took off. His most important pictures include ''The Manchurian Candidate'' with Angela Lansbury, ''From Here to Eternity'' with Burt Lancaster, ''The Man With the Golden Arm'' with Arnold Stang, ''Kings Go Forth'' with Natalie Wood, ''Guys and Dolls'' with Marlon Brando, ''High Society'' with Bing Crosby, ''Pal Joey'' with Rita Hayworth, ''Some Came Running'' with Dean Martin, ''Never So Few'' with Steve McQueen, ''A Hole in the Head'' with Edward G. Robinson, ''Meet Danny Wilson'' with Shelley Winters, ''On the Town'' with Gene Kelly, ''Robin and the 7 Hoods'' with Bing Crosby and the Rat Pack, ''Ocean's 11'' and ''Sergeants 3'' with the Rat Pack (Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Lawford, and Joey Bishop), ''Step Lively'', ''None But the Brave'' (directed by Sinatra), ''The Detective'' with Lee Remick, ''Come Blow Your Horn'' with Lee J. Cobb and Barbara Rush, and ''The Pride and the Passion'' starring Cary Grant, among many others spanning most of his lengthy career.
Personal life
Sinatra had three children, Nancy, Frank Jr., and Tina, all with his first wife, Nancy Barbato (married 1939–51). He was married three more times, to actresses Ava Gardner (1951–57), Mia Farrow (1966–68), and finally to Barbara Marx (married 1976), to whom he was still married at his death.Throughout his life, Sinatra had mood swings and bouts of depression. Solitude and unglamorous surroundings were to be avoided at all cost. He struggled with the conflicting need "to get away from it all, but not too far away." He acknowledged this, telling an interviewer in the 1950s: "Being an 18-karat manic depressive, and having lived a life of violent emotional contradictions, I have an over-acute capacity for sadness as well as elation." In her memoirs ''My Father's Daughter'', his daughter Tina wrote about the "eighteen-karat" remark: "As flippant as Dad could be about his mental state, I believe that a Zoloft a day might have kept his demons away. But that kind of medicine was decades off."
Alleged organized crime links
Sinatra garnered considerable attention due to his alleged personal and professional links with organized crime, including figures such as Carlo Gambino, Sam Giancana, Lucky Luciano, and Joseph Fischetti. The Federal Bureau of Investigation kept records amounting to 2,403 pages on Sinatra. With his alleged Mafia ties, his ardent New Deal politics and his friendship with John F. Kennedy, he was a natural target for J. Edgar Hoover's FBI. The FBI kept Sinatra under surveillance for almost five decades beginning in the 1940s. The documents include accounts of Sinatra as the target of death threats and extortion schemes. They also portray rampant paranoia and strange obsessions at the FBI and reveal nearly every celebrated Sinatra foible and peccadillo.
For a year Hoover investigated Sinatra's alleged Communist affiliations, but found no evidence. The files include his rendezvous with prostitutes, and his extramarital affair with Ava Gardner, which preceded their marriage. Celebrities mentioned in the files are Dean Martin, Marilyn Monroe, Peter Lawford, and Giancana's girlfriend, singer Phyllis McGuire.
The FBI's secret dossier on Sinatra was released in 1998 in response to Freedom of Information Act requests.
The released FBI files reveal some tantalizing insights into Sinatra’s lifetime consistency in pursuing and embracing seemingly conflicting affiliations. But Sinatra’s alliances had a practical aspect. They were adaptive mechanisms for behavior motivated by self-interest and inner anxieties. In September 1950 Sinatra felt particularly vulnerable. He was in a panic over his moribund career and haunted by the continual speculations and innuendos in circulation regarding his draft status in World War II. Sinatra “was scared, his career had sprung a leak.” In a letter dated September 17, 1950 to Clyde Tolson, Sinatra offered to be of service to the FBI as an informer. An excerpted passage from a memo in FBI files states that Sinatra “feels he can be of help as a result of going anywhere the Bureau desires and contacting any people from whom he might be able to obtain information. Sinatra feels as a result of his publicity he can operate without suspicion…he is willing to go the whole way.” The FBI declined his assistance.
Political views
Sinatra held differing political views throughout his life.Sinatra's parents had immigrated to the United States in 1895 and 1897 respectively. His mother, Dolly Sinatra (1896–1977), was a Democratic Party ward boss.
Sinatra remained a supporter of the Democratic Party until the early 1970s when he switched his allegiance to the Republican Party.
Political activities 1944–1968
In 1944, after sending a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Sinatra was invited to meet Roosevelt at the White House, where he agreed to become part of the Democratic party's voter registration drives.He donated $5,000 to the Democrats for the 1944 presidential election and by the end of the campaign was appearing at two or three political events every day.
After World War II, Sinatra's politics grew steadily more left wing, and he became more publicly associated with the Popular Front. He started reading liberal literature and supported many organizations that were later identified as front organizations of the Communist Party by the House Un-American Activities Committee in the 1950s, though Sinatra was never brought before the committee.
Sinatra spoke at a number of New Jersey high schools in 1945, where students had gone on strike in opposition to racial integration. Later that year Sinatra would appear in ''The House I Live In'', a short film that stood against racism. The film was scripted by Albert Maltz, with the title song written by Earl Robinson and Abel Meeropol (under the pseudonym of Lewis Allen).
In 1948, Sinatra actively campaigned for President Harry S. Truman. In 1952 and 1956, he also campaigned for Adlai Stevenson. a rival singer and a Republican, for Kennedy's visit to Palm Springs, in 1962. Kennedy had planned to stay at Sinatra's home over the Easter holiday weekend, but decided against doing so because of Sinatra's alleged connections to organized crime. Kennedy stayed at Bing Crosby's house instead. Sinatra had invested a lot of his own money in upgrading the facilities at his home in anticipation of the President's visit. At the time, President Kennedy's brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, was intensifying his own investigations into organized crime figures such as Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana, who had earlier stayed at Sinatra's home.
Despite his break with Kennedy, however, he still mourned over Kennedy after he learned he was assassinated. He also re-stated his support for Humphrey on a live election-eve national telethon.
Political activities 1970–1984
In 1970, the first sign of Sinatra's break from the Democratic Party came when he endorsed Ronald Reagan for a second term as Governor of California;
Death
Sinatra began to show signs of dementia in his last years and after a heart attack in February 1997, he made no further public appearances. After suffering another heart attack, he died at 10:50 pm on May 14, 1998 at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, with his wife Barbara by his side. He was 82 years old. Sinatra's final words, spoken after Barbara encouraged him to "fight" as attempts were made to stabilize him, were "I'm losing." The official cause of death was listed as complications from dementia, heart and kidney disease, and bladder cancer. His death was confirmed by the Sinatra family on their website with a statement accompanied by a recording of the singer's version of "Softly As I Leave You". The next night the lights on the Las Vegas Strip were dimmed for 10 minutes in his honor. President Bill Clinton, as an amateur saxophonist and musician, led the world's tributes to Sinatra, saying that after meeting and getting to know the singer as President, he had "come to appreciate on a personal level what millions of people had appreciated from afar". Elton John stated that Sinatra, "was simply the best – no one else even comes close". Tony Curtis, Liza Minnelli, Kirk Douglas, Robert Wagner, Bob Dylan, Don Rickles, Nancy Reagan, Angie Dickinson, Sophia Loren, Bob Newhart, Mia Farrow, and Jack Nicholson. A private ceremony was held later that day at St. Theresa's Catholic Church in Palm Springs. Sinatra was buried following the ceremony next to his parents in section B-8 of Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, a quiet cemetery on Ramon Road where Cathedral City meets Rancho Mirage and near his compound, located on Rancho Mirage's tree-lined Frank Sinatra Drive. His close friends, Jilly Rizzo and Jimmy Van Heusen, are buried nearby in the same cemetery.
The words "The Best Is Yet to Come" are imprinted on Sinatra's grave marker.
Legacy
The U.S. Postal Service issued a 42-cent postage stamp in honor of Sinatra on May 13, 2008. The design of the stamp was unveiled Wednesday, December 12, 2007 – on what would have been his 92nd birthday – in Beverly Hills, California, with Sinatra family members on hand. The design shows a 1950s-vintage image of Sinatra, wearing a hat. The design also includes his signature, with his last name alone. The Hoboken Post Office was renamed in his honor in 2002. The Frank Sinatra School of the Arts in Astoria, Queens and the Frank Sinatra Park in Hoboken were named in his honor.
The U.S. Congress passed a resolution on May 20, 2008, designating May 13 as Frank Sinatra Day to honor his contribution to American culture. The resolution was introduced by Representative Mary Bono Mack.
To commemorate the anniversary of Sinatra's death, Patsy's Restaurant in New York City, which Sinatra frequented, exhibited in May 2009 fifteen previously unseen photographs of Sinatra taken by Bobby Bank. The photos are of his recording "Everybody Ought to Be in Love" at a nearby recording studio.
Stephen Holden wrote for the 1983 ''Rolling Stone Record Guide'': : Frank Sinatra's voice ''is'' pop music history. [...] Like Presley and Dylan – the only other white male American singers since 1940 whose popularity, influence, and mythic force have been comparable – Sinatra will last indefinitely. He virtually invented modern pop song phrasing.
Wynn Resorts dedicated a signature restaurant to Sinatra inside Encore Las Vegas on December 22, 2008. Memorabilia in the restaurant includes his Oscar for "From Here to Eternity", his Emmy for "Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music", his Grammy for "Strangers in the Night", photographs and a gold album he received for "Classic Sinatra".
There is a residence hall at Montclair State University named for him in recognition of his status as an iconic New Jersey native.
The Frank Sinatra International Student Center at Israel's Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus campus, was dedicated in 1978 in recognition of Sinatra's charitable and advocacy activities on behalf of the State of Israel.
Film portrayals
Discography
Awards and recognitions
See also
References
Further reading
Biographies
Memoirs
Criticism
Cultural criticism
Other
External links
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| Coordinates | 29°57′53″N90°4′14″N |
|---|---|
| name | Alfred Hitchcock |
| birth name | Alfred Joseph Hitchcock |
| birth date | August 13, 1899 |
| birth place | Leytonstone, London, England |
| death date | April 29, 1980 |
| death place | Bel Air, California, United States |
| other names | HitchThe Master of Suspense |
| occupation | Film director |
| years active | 1921–76 |
| religion | Roman Catholic |
| spouse | Alma Reville (1926–80; his death) |
| influenced | Stanley Kubrick, Tim Burton, Robert Zemeckis |
| website | }} |
Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was a British film director and producer. He pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres. After a successful career in his native United Kingdom in both silent films and early talkies, Hitchcock moved to Hollywood. In 1956 he became an American citizen, while remaining a British subject.
Over a career spanning more than half a century, Hitchcock fashioned for himself a distinctive and recognisable directorial style. He pioneered the use of a camera made to move in a way that mimics a person's gaze, forcing viewers to engage in a form of voyeurism. He framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy, and used innovative film editing. His stories frequently feature fugitives on the run from the law alongside "icy blonde" female characters. Many of Hitchcock's films have twist endings and thrilling plots featuring depictions of violence, murder, and crime, although many of the mysteries function as decoys or "MacGuffins" meant only to serve thematic elements in the film and the extremely complex psychological examinations of the characters. Hitchcock's films also borrow many themes from psychoanalysis and feature strong sexual undertones. Through his cameo appearances in his own films, interviews, film trailers, and the television program ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents'', he became a cultural icon.Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades. Often regarded as the greatest British filmmaker, he came first in a 2007 poll of film critics in Britain's ''Daily Telegraph'', which said: "Unquestionably the greatest filmmaker to emerge from these islands, Hitchcock did more than any director to shape modern cinema, which would be utterly different without him. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information (from his characters and from us) and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else." The magazine ''MovieMaker'' has described him as the most influential filmmaker of all-time, and he is widely regarded as one of cinema's most significant artists.
Hitchcock's life
Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone, London, the second son and youngest of three children of William Hitchcock (1862–1914), a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock (''née'' Whelan; 1863–1942). He was named after his father's brother, Alfred. Hitchcock was raised Catholic and was sent to the Jesuit Classic school St Ignatius' College in Stamford Hill, London. His mother and paternal grandmother were of Irish extraction. He often described his childhood as being very lonely and sheltered, a situation compounded by his obesity.
Hitchcock said he was sent by his father to the local police station with a note asking the officer to lock him away for ten minutes as punishment for behaving badly. This idea of being harshly treated or wrongfully accused is frequently reflected in Hitchcock's films. Hitchcock's mother would often make him address her while standing at the foot of her bed, especially if he behaved badly, forcing him to stand there for hours. These experiences would later be used for the portrayal of the character of Norman Bates in his movie ''Psycho''.
Hitchcock's father died when he was 14. In the same year, Hitchcock left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After graduating, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a cable company called Henley's.
It was while working at Henley's that he first started to dabble creatively. Upon the formation of the company's in-house publication ''The Henley Telegraph'' in 1919, Hitchcock started to submit short articles, eventually becoming one of its most prolific contributors. His first piece was ''Gas'' (1919), published in the very first issue, in which a young woman imagines that she is being assaulted one night in Paris – only for the twist to reveal that it was all just a hallucination in the dentist's chair, induced by the anaesthetic. His second piece was ''The Woman's Part'' (1919), which involves the conflicted emotions a husband feels as he watches his wife, an actress, perform onstage. ''Sordid'' (1920) surrounds an attempt to buy a sword from an antiques dealer, with another twist ending. The short story ''And There Was No Rainbow'' (1920) was Hitchcock's first brush with possibly censurable material. A young man goes out looking for a brothel, only to stumble into the house of his best friend's girl. ''What's Who?'' (1920), while being very funny, was also a precursor to the famous Abbott and Costello "Who's on First?" routine. ''The History of Pea Eating'' (1920) was a satirical disquisition on the various attempts mankind has made over the centuries to eat peas successfully. His final piece, ''Fedora'' (1921), was his shortest and most enigmatic contribution. It also gave a strikingly accurate description of his future wife, Alma (whom he had not met yet).
During this period, Hitchcock became intrigued by photography and started working in film production in London, working as a title-card designer for the London branch of what would become Paramount Pictures. In 1920, he received a full-time position at Islington Studios with its American owner, Famous Players-Lasky and their British successor, Gainsborough Pictures, designing the titles for silent movies. His rise from title designer to film director took five years.
Inter-war British career
Hitchcock's last collaboration with Graham Cutts led him to Germany in 1924. The film ''Die Prinzessin und der Geiger'' (UK title ''The Blackguard'', 1925), directed by Cutts and co-written by Hitchcock, was produced in the Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam near Berlin. Hitchcock also observed part of the making of F. W. Murnau's film ''Der letzte Mann'' (1924). He was very impressed with Murnau's work and later used many techniques for the set design in his own productions. In his book-length interview with François Truffaut, ''Hitchcock/Truffaut'' (Simon and Schuster, 1967), Hitchcock also said he was influenced by Fritz Lang's film ''Destiny'' (1921).Hitchcock's first few films faced a string of bad luck. His first directing project came in 1922 with the aptly titled ''Number 13''. However, the production was cancelled due to financial problems and the few scenes that were finished at that point were apparently lost. In 1925, Michael Balcon of Gainsborough Pictures gave Hitchcock another opportunity for a directing credit with ''The Pleasure Garden'' made at UFA Studios in Germany; unfortunately, the film was a commercial flop. Next, Hitchcock directed a drama called ''The Mountain Eagle'' (possibly released under the title ''Fear o' God'' in the United States). This film was also eventually lost. In 1926, Hitchcock's luck changed with his first thriller, ''The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog''. The film, released in January 1927, was a major commercial and critical success in the United Kingdom. As with many of his earlier works, this film was influenced by Expressionist techniques Hitchcock had witnessed first-hand in Germany. Some commentators regard this piece as the first truly "Hitchcockian" film, incorporating such themes as the "wrong man".
Following the success of ''The Lodger'', Hitchcock hired a publicist to help enhance his growing reputation. On 2 December 1926, Hitchcock married his assistant director, Alma Reville at the Brompton Oratory in South Kensington. Their only child, daughter Patricia, was born on 7 July 1928. Alma was to become Hitchcock's closest collaborator. Alma's contribution to his films (some of which were credited on screen) had always been privately acknowledged by Hitchcock, as she was keen to avoid public attention.
In 1929, Hitchcock began work on his tenth film ''Blackmail''. While the film was still in production, the studio, British International Pictures (BIP), decided to convert it to sound. As an early 'talkie', the film is frequently cited by film historians as a landmark film, and is often considered to be the first British sound feature film. With the climax of the film taking place on the dome of the British Museum, ''Blackmail'' began the Hitchcock tradition of using famous landmarks as a backdrop for suspense sequences. In the PBS series ''The Men Who Made The Movies'', Hitchcock explained how he used early sound recording as a special element of the film, emphasising the word "knife" in a conversation with the woman suspected of murder. During this period, Hitchcock directed segments for a BIP musical film revue ''Elstree Calling'' (1930) and directed a short film featuring two ''Film Weekly'' scholarship winners, ''An Elastic Affair'' (1930). Another BIP musical revue, ''Harmony Heaven'' (1929), reportedly had minor input from Hitchcock, but his name does not appear in the credits.
In 1933, Hitchcock was once again working for Michael Balcon at Gaumont-British Picture Corporation. His first film for the company, ''The Man Who Knew Too Much'' (1934), was a success and his second, ''The 39 Steps'' (1935), is often considered one of the best films from his early period. This film was also one of the first to introduce the concept of the "MacGuffin", a plot device around which a whole story seems to revolve, but ultimately has nothing to do with the true meaning or ending of the story. In ''The 39 Steps'', the Macguffin is a stolen set of design plans. Hitchcock told French director François Truffaut:
There are two men sitting in a train going to Scotland and one man says to the other, "Excuse me, sir, but what is that strange parcel you have on the luggage rack above you?", "Oh", says the other, "that's a Macguffin.", "Well", says the first man, "what's a Macguffin?", The other answers, "It's an apparatus for trapping lions in the Scottish Highlands.", "But", says the first man, "there are no lions in the Scottish Highlands.", "Well", says the other, "then that's no Macguffin."
Hitchcock's next major success was his 1938 film ''The Lady Vanishes'', a fast-paced film about the search for a kindly old Englishwoman Miss Froy (Dame May Whitty), who disappears while on board a train in the fictional country of Bandrika.
By 1938, Hitchcock had become known for his alleged observation, "Actors are cattle". He once said that he first made this remark as early as the late 1920s, in connection to stage actors who were snobbish about motion pictures. However, Michael Redgrave said that Hitchcock had made the statement during the filming of ''The Lady Vanishes''. The phrase would haunt Hitchcock for years to come and would result in an incident during the filming of his 1941 production of ''Mr. & Mrs. Smith'', where Carole Lombard brought some heifers onto the set with name tags of Lombard, Robert Montgomery, and Gene Raymond, the stars of the film, to surprise the director. Hitchcock said he was misquoted: "I said 'Actors should be ''treated'' like cattle'."
At the end of the 1930s, David O. Selznick signed Hitchcock to a seven-year contract beginning in March 1939, when the Hitchcocks moved to the United States.
Hollywood
The suspense and the gallows humour that had become Hitchcock's trademark in film continued to appear in his productions. The working arrangements with Selznick were less than optimal. Selznick suffered from perennial money problems, and Hitchcock was often displeased with Selznick's creative control over his films. In a later interview, Hitchcock summarised the working relationship thus:
[Selznick] was the Big Producer. [...] Producer was king, The most flattering thing Mr. Selznick ever said about me—and it shows you the amount of control—he said I was the "only director" he'd "trust with a film".
Selznick loaned Hitchcock to the larger studios more often than producing Hitchcock's films himself. In addition, Selznick, as well as fellow independent producer Samuel Goldwyn, made only a few films each year, so Selznick did not always have projects for Hitchcock to direct. Goldwyn had also negotiated with Hitchcock on a possible contract, only to be outbid by Selznick. Hitchcock was quickly impressed with the superior resources of the American studios compared to the financial restrictions he had frequently encountered in England.
Hitchcock's fondness for his homeland resulted in numerous American films set in, or filmed in, the United Kingdom, including his penultimate film, ''Frenzy''.
With the prestigious Selznick picture ''Rebecca'' in 1940, Hitchcock made his first American movie, set in England and based on a novel by English author Daphne du Maurier. The film starred Laurence Olivier and Joan Fontaine. This Gothic melodrama explores the fears of a naïve young bride who enters a great English country home and must adapt to the extreme formality and coldness she finds there. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1940. The statuette was given to Selznick, as the film's producer. The film did not win the Best Director award for Hitchcock.
There were additional problems between Selznick and Hitchcock. Selznick was known to impose very restrictive rules upon Hitchcock, forcing him to shoot the film as Selznick wanted. At the same time, Selznick complained about Hitchcock's "goddamn jigsaw cutting", which meant that the producer did not have nearly the leeway to create his own film as he liked, but had to follow Hitchcock's vision of the finished product. ''Rebecca'' was the fourth longest of Hitchcock's films, at 130 minutes, exceeded only by ''The Paradine Case'' (132 minutes), ''North by Northwest'' (136 minutes), and ''Topaz'' (142 minutes).
Hitchcock's second American film, the European-set thriller ''Foreign Correspondent'' (1940), based on Vincent Sheean's ''Personal History'' and produced by Walter Wanger, was nominated for Best Picture that year. The movie was filmed in the first year of World War II and was apparently inspired by the rapidly changing events in Europe, as fictionally covered by an American newspaper reporter portrayed by Joel McCrea. The film mixed actual footage of European scenes and scenes filmed on a Hollywood back lot. In compliance with Hollywood's Production Code censorship, the film avoided direct references to Germany and Germans.
1940s films
Hitchcock's films during the 1940s were diverse, ranging from the romantic comedy ''Mr. & Mrs. Smith'' (1941) to the courtroom drama ''The Paradine Case'' (1947), to the dark and disturbing film noir ''Shadow of a Doubt'' (1943).In September 1940, the Hitchcocks purchased the Cornwall Ranch, located near Scotts Valley in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The ranch became the primary residence of the Hitchcocks for the rest of their lives, although they kept their Bel Air home. ''Suspicion'' (1941) marked Hitchcock's first film as a producer as well as director. Hitchcock used the north coast of Santa Cruz, California for the English coastline sequence. This film was to be actor Cary Grant's first time working with Hitchcock, and it was one of the few times that Grant would be cast in a sinister role. Joan Fontaine won Best Actress Oscar and the New York Film Critics Circle Award for her "outstanding performance in ''Suspicion''". "Grant plays an irresponsible husband whose actions raise suspicion and anxiety in his wife (Fontaine)". In what critics regard as a classic scene, Hitchcock uses a light bulb to illuminate what might be a fatal glass of milk that Grant is bringing to his wife. In the book the movie is based on (''Before the Fact'' by Francis Iles), the Grant character is a killer, but Hitchcock and the studio felt Grant's image would be tarnished by that ending. Though a homicide would have suited him better, as he stated to François Truffaut, Hitchcock settled for an ambiguous finale.
''Saboteur'' (1942) was the first of two films that Hitchcock made for Universal, a studio where he would continue his career during his later years. Hitchcock was forced to use Universal contract players Robert Cummings and Priscilla Lane, both known for their work in comedies and light dramas. Breaking with Hollywood conventions of the time, Hitchcock did extensive location filming, especially in New York City, and depicted a confrontation between a suspected saboteur (Cummings) and a real saboteur (Norman Lloyd) atop the Statue of Liberty.
''Shadow of a Doubt'' (1943), Hitchcock's personal favourite of all his films and the second of the early Universal films, was about young Charlotte "Charlie" Newton (Teresa Wright), who suspects her beloved uncle Charlie Oakley (Joseph Cotten) of being a serial murderer. Critics have said that in its use of overlapping characters, dialogue, and closeups it has provided a generation of film theorists with psychoanalytic potential, including Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Žižek. Hitchcock again filmed extensively on location, this time in the Northern California city of Santa Rosa, California, during the summer of 1942. The director showcased his own personal fascination with crime and criminals when he had two of his characters discuss various ways of killing people, to the obvious annoyance of Charlotte.
Working at 20th Century Fox, Hitchcock adapted a script of John Steinbeck's that chronicled the experiences of the survivors of a German U-boat attack in the film ''Lifeboat'' (1944). The action sequences were shot on the small boat. The locale also posed problems for Hitchcock's traditional cameo appearance. That was solved by having Hitchcock's image appear in a newspaper that William Bendix is reading in the boat, showing the director in a before-and-after advertisement for "Reduco-Obesity Slayer". While at Fox, Hitchcock seriously considered directing the film version of A.J. Cronin's novel about a Catholic priest in China, ''The Keys of the Kingdom'', but the plans for this fell through. John M. Stahl ended up directing the 1944 film, which was produced by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and starred Gregory Peck, among other luminaries.
Returning to England for an extended visit in late 1943 and early 1944, Hitchcock made two short films for the Ministry of Information, ''Bon Voyage'' and ''Aventure Malgache''. Made for the Free French, these were the only films Hitchcock made in the French language, and "feature typical Hitchcockian touches". In the 1990s, the two films were shown by Turner Classic Movies and released on home video.
In 1945, Hitchcock served as "treatment advisor" (in effect, a film editor) for a Holocaust documentary produced by the British Army. The film, which recorded the liberation of Nazi concentration camps, remained unreleased until 1985, when it was completed by PBS Frontline and distributed under the title ''Memory of the Camps''.
Hitchcock worked for Selznick again when he directed ''Spellbound'' (1945), which explored psychoanalysis and featured a dream sequence designed by Salvador Dalí. Gregory Peck plays amnesiac Dr. Anthony Edwardes under the treatment of analyst Dr. Peterson (Ingrid Bergman), who falls in love with him while trying to unlock his repressed past. The dream sequence as it actually appears in the film is considerably shorter than was originally envisioned, which was to be several minutes long, because it proved to be too disturbing for the audience. Some of the original musical score by Miklós Rózsa (which makes use of the theremin) was later adapted by the composer into a concert piano concerto.
''Notorious'' (1946) followed ''Spellbound''. According to Hitchcock, in his book-length interview with François Truffaut, Selznick sold the director, the two stars (Grant and Bergman) and the screenplay (by Ben Hecht) to RKO Radio Pictures as a "package" for $500,000 due to cost overruns on Selznick's ''Duel in the Sun'' (1946). ''Notorious'' starred Hitchcock regulars Ingrid Bergman and Cary Grant, and features a plot about Nazis, uranium, and South America. It was a huge box office success and has remained one of Hitchcock's most acclaimed films. His use of uranium as a plot device led to Hitchcock's being briefly under FBI surveillance. McGilligan writes that Hitchcock consulted Dr. Robert Millikan of Caltech about the development of an atomic bomb. Selznick complained that the notion was "science fiction", only to be confronted by the news stories of the detonation of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in August 1945.
After completing his final film for Selznick, ''The Paradine Case'' (a courtroom drama that critics found lost momentum because it apparently ran too long and exhausted its resource of ideas), Hitchcock filmed his first colour film, ''Rope'', which appeared in 1948. Here Hitchcock experimented with marshaling suspense in a confined environment, as he had done earlier with ''Lifeboat'' (1943). He also experimented with exceptionally long takes—up to ten minutes long. Featuring James Stewart in the leading role, ''Rope'' was the first of four films Stewart would make for Hitchcock. It was based on the Leopold and Loeb case of the 1920s. Somehow Hitchcock's cameraman managed to move the bulky, heavy Technicolor camera quickly around the set as it followed the continuous action of the long takes.
''Under Capricorn'' (1949), set in nineteenth-century Australia, also used the short-lived technique of long takes, but to a more limited extent. He again used Technicolor in this production, then returned to black-and-white films for several years. For ''Rope'' and ''Under Capricorn'', Hitchcock formed a production company with Sidney Bernstein called Transatlantic Pictures, which became inactive after these two unsuccessful pictures. Hitchcock continued to produce his own films for the rest of his life.
1950s: Peak years
In 1950, Hitchcock filmed ''Stage Fright'' on location in the UK. For the first time, Hitchcock matched one of Warner Bros.' biggest stars, Jane Wyman, with the sultry German actress Marlene Dietrich. Hitchcock used a number of prominent British actors, including Michael Wilding, Richard Todd, and Alastair Sim. This was Hitchcock's first production for Warner Bros., which had distributed ''Rope'' and ''Under Capricorn'', because Transatlantic Pictures was experiencing financial difficulties.
With the film ''Strangers on a Train'' (1951), based on the novel by Patricia Highsmith, Hitchcock combined many elements from his preceding films. Hitchcock approached Dashiell Hammett to write the dialogue but Raymond Chandler took over, then left over disagreements with the director. Two men casually meet and speculate on removing people who are causing them difficulty. One of the men takes this banter entirely seriously. With Farley Granger reprising some elements of his role from ''Rope'', ''Strangers'' continued the director's interest in the narrative possibilities of blackmail and murder. Robert Walker, previously known for "boy-next-door" roles, plays the villain.
MCA head Lew Wasserman, whose client list included James Stewart, Janet Leigh and other actors who would appear in Hitchcock's films, had a significant impact in packaging and marketing Hitchcock's films beginning in the 1950s.
Three very popular films starring Grace Kelly followed. ''Dial M for Murder'' (1954) was adapted from the popular stage play by Frederick Knott. Ray Milland plays the scheming villain, an ex-tennis pro who tries to murder his unfaithful wife Grace Kelly for her money. When she kills the hired assassin in self-defense, Milland manipulates the evidence to pin the death on his wife. Her lover, Mark Halliday (Robert Cummings), and Police Inspector Hubbard (John Williams), work urgently to save her from execution. Hitchcock experimented with 3D cinematography, although the film was not released in this format at first. However, it was shown in 3D in the early 1980s. The film marked a return to Technicolor productions for Hitchcock.
Hitchcock then moved to Paramount Pictures and filmed ''Rear Window'' (1954), starring James Stewart and Kelly again, as well as Thelma Ritter and Raymond Burr. Stewart's character, a photographer based on Robert Capa, must temporarily use a wheelchair; out of boredom he begins observing his neighbours across the courtyard, and becomes convinced one of them (Raymond Burr) has murdered his wife. Stewart tries to sway both his glamorous model-girlfriend (Kelly), which screenwriter John Michael Hayes based on his own wife, and his policeman buddy (Wendell Corey) to his theory, and eventually succeeds. Like ''Lifeboat'' and ''Rope'', the movie was photographed almost entirely within the confines of a small space: Stewart's tiny studio apartment overlooking the massive courtyard set. Hitchcock used closeups of Stewart's face to show his character's reactions to all he sees, "from the comic voyeurism directed at his neighbours to his helpless terror watching Kelly and Burr in the villain's apartment".
The third Kelly film, ''To Catch a Thief'' (1955), set in the French Riviera, paired Kelly with Cary Grant again. Grant plays retired thief John Robie, who becomes the prime suspect for a spate of robberies in the Riviera. An American heiress played by Kelly surmises his true identity, attempts to seduce him. "Despite the obvious age disparity between Grant and Kelly and a lightweight plot, the witty script (loaded with double-entendres) and the good-natured acting proved a commercial success." It was Hitchcock's last film with Kelly. She married Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956, and the residents of her new land were against her making any more films.
Hitchcock successfully remade his own 1934 film ''The Man Who Knew Too Much'' in 1956, this time starring Stewart and Doris Day, who sang the theme song, "Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)" (which won the Oscar for "Best Original Song" and became a big hit for Day). They play a couple whose son is kidnapped to prevent them from interfering with an assassination.
''The Wrong Man'' (1957), Hitchcock's final film for Warner Brothers, was a low-key black-and-white production based on a real-life case of mistaken identity reported in Life Magazine in 1953. This was the only film of Hitchcock's to star Henry Fonda. Fonda plays a Stork Club musician mistaken for a liquor store thief who is arrested and tried for robbery while his wife (newcomer Vera Miles) emotionally collapses under the strain. Hitchcock told Truffaut that his lifelong fear of the police attracted him to the subject and was embedded in many scenes.
''Vertigo'' (1958) again starred Stewart, this time with Kim Novak and Barbara Bel Geddes. Stewart plays "Scottie", a former police investigator suffering from acrophobia, who develops an obsession with a woman he is shadowing (Novak). Scottie's obsession leads to tragedy, and this time Hitchcock does not opt for a happy ending. Though the film is widely considered a classic today, ''Vertigo'' met with negative reviews and poor box office receipts upon its release, and marked the last collaboration between Stewart and Hitchcock. The film is ranked second (behind ''Citizen Kane'') in the 2002 ''Sight & Sound'' decade poll. It was premiered in the San Sebastián International Film Festival, where Hitchcock won a Silver Seashell.
Late 1950s, 1960s and 1970s
By this time, Hitchcock had filmed in many areas of the United States. He followed ''Vertigo'' with three more successful films. Two are also recognised as among his very best films: ''North by Northwest'' (1959) and ''Psycho'' (1960). The third film was ''The Birds'' (1963).In ''North by Northwest'', Cary Grant portrays Roger Thornhill, a Madison Avenue advertising executive who is mistaken for a government secret agent. He is hotly pursued by enemy agents across America, apparently one of them being Eve Kendall (Eva Marie Saint).
''Psycho'' is almost certainly Hitchcock's most well known film. Produced on a highly constrained budget of $800,000, it was shot in black-and-white on a spare set. The unprecedented violence of the shower scene, the early demise of the heroine, the innocent lives extinguished by a disturbed murderer were all hallmarks of Hitchcock, copied in many subsequent horror films. After completing ''Psycho'', Hitchcock moved to Universal, where he made the remainder of his films.
''The Birds'', inspired by a Daphne Du Maurier short story and by an actual news story about a mysterious infestation of birds in California, was Hitchcock's 49th film. He signed up Tippi Hedren as his latest blonde heroine opposite Rod Taylor. (On 13 April 2011, at the Cinema Arts Centre in Huntington, NY, Hedren stated in an interview with Turner Classic Movies' Ben Mankiewicz, prior to a screening of ''The Birds'', that because she refused Hitchcock’s sexual advances, Hitchcock effectively stunted her career.) The scenes of the birds attacking included hundreds of shots mixing actual and animated sequences. The cause of the birds' attack is left unanswered, "perhaps highlighting the mystery of forces unknown".
The latter two films were particularly notable for their unconventional soundtracks, both orchestrated by Bernard Herrmann: the screeching strings played in the murder scene in ''Psycho'' exceeded the limits of the time, and ''The Birds'' dispensed completely with conventional instruments, instead using an electronically produced soundtrack and an unaccompanied song by school children (just prior to the infamous attack at the historic Bodega Bay School). These films are considered his last great films, after which his output deteriorated. (although some critics, such as Robin Wood and Donald Spoto, contend that ''Marnie'', from 1964, is first-class Hitchcock, and some have argued that ''Frenzy'' is unfairly overlooked).
Failing health took its toll on Hitchcock, reducing his output during the last two decades of his career. Hitchcock filmed two spy thrillers. The first, ''Torn Curtain'' (1966), with Paul Newman and Julie Andrews, was a Cold War thriller. ''Torn Curtain'' displays the bitter end of the twelve-year collaboration between Hitchcock and composer Bernard Herrmann. Herrmann was fired when Hitchcock was unsatisfied with his score. In 1969, ''Topaz'', another Cold War-themed film (based on a Leon Uris novel), was released. Both received mixed reviews from critics but are nonetheless recognised as espionage thrillers.
In 1972, Hitchcock returned to London to film ''Frenzy'', his last major triumph. After two only moderately successful espionage films, the plot marks a return to the murder thriller genre that he made so many films out of earlier in his career. The basic story recycles his early film ''The Lodger''. Richard Blaney (Jon Finch), a volatile barkeeper with a history of explosive anger, becomes the prime suspect for the "Necktie Murders," which are actually committed by his friend Bob Rusk (Barry Foster). This time, Hitchcock makes the victim and villain twins, rather than opposites, as in ''Strangers on a Train''. Only one of them, however, has crossed the line to murder. For the first time, Hitchcock allowed nudity and profane language, which had before been taboo, in one of his films. He also shows rare sympathy for the chief inspector and his comic domestic life. Biographers have noted that Hitchcock had always pushed the limits of film censorship, often managing to fool Joseph Breen, the longtime head of Hollywood's Production Code. Many times Hitchcock slipped in subtle hints of improprieties forbidden by censorship until the mid-1960s. Yet Patrick McGilligan wrote that Breen and others often realised that Hitchcock was inserting such things and were actually amused as well as alarmed by Hitchcock's "inescapable inferences". Beginning with ''Torn Curtain'', Hitchcock was finally able to blatantly include plot elements previously forbidden in American films and this continued for the remainder of his film career.
''Family Plot'' (1976) was Hitchcock's last film. It related the escapades of "Madam" Blanche Tyler played by Barbara Harris, a fraudulent spiritualist, and her taxi driver lover Bruce Dern making a living from her phoney powers. William Devane, Karen Black and Cathleen Nesbitt co-starred. It was the only Hitchcock film scored by John Williams.
Last film work and death
Near the end of his life, Hitchcock had worked on the script for a projected spy thriller, ''The Short Night'', collaborating with screenwriters James Costigan and Ernest Lehman. Despite some preliminary work, the story was never filmed. This was due primarily to Hitchcock's own failing health and his concerns over the health of his wife, Alma, who had suffered a stroke. The script was eventually published posthumously, in a book on Hitchcock's last years.Hitchcock died peacefully in his sleep on 29 April 1980, 9:17 am, due to renal failure in his Bel Air, Los Angeles, California home at the age of 80, survived by his wife and their daughter. His funeral service was held at Good Shepherd Catholic Church in Beverly Hills. Hitchcock's body was cremated and his ashes were scattered over the Pacific Ocean.
Themes, plot devices and motifs
Hitchcock returned several times to cinematic devices such as suspense, the audience as voyeur, and his well-known "MacGuffin," an apparently minor detail serving as a pivot upon which the narrative turns.
Technical innovations
Hitchcock seemed to delight in the technical challenges of film making. In the film ''Lifeboat'', Hitchcock stages the entire action of the movie in a small boat, yet manages to keep the cinematography from monotonous repetition (his trademark cameo appearance was a dilemma, given the limitations of the setting; so Hitchcock appears in a fictitious magazine for a weight loss product). Similarly, the entire action in ''Rear Window'' either takes place in or is seen from a single apartment. In ''Spellbound'', two unprecedented point-of-view shots were achieved by constructing a large wooden hand (which would appear to belong to the character whose point of view the camera took) and out-sized props for it to hold: a bucket-sized glass of milk and a large wooden gun. For added novelty and impact, the climactic gunshot was hand-coloured red on some copies of the black-and-white print of the film.''Rope'' (1948) was another technical challenge: a film that appears to have been shot entirely in a single take. The film was actually shot in 10 takes ranging from four and a half to 10 minutes each; a 10 minute length of film being the maximum a camera's film magazine could hold. Some transitions between reels were hidden by having a dark object fill the entire screen for a moment. Hitchcock used those points to hide the cut, and began the next take with the camera in the same place.
Hitchcock's 1958 film ''Vertigo'' contains a camera technique developed by Irmin Roberts that has been imitated and re-used many times by filmmakers, wherein the image appears to "stretch". This is achieved by moving the camera in the opposite direction of the camera's zoom. It has become known by many nicknames, including Dolly zoom, "Zolly," "Hitchcock Zoom," and "Vertigo Effect."
Signature appearances in his films
Hitchcock appeared briefly in many of his own films. For example, he is seen struggling to get a double bass onto a train, or walking dogs in the background.
Psychology of characters
Hitchcock's films sometimes feature characters struggling in their relationships with their mothers. In ''North by Northwest'' (1959), Roger Thornhill (Cary Grant's character) is an innocent man ridiculed by his mother for insisting that shadowy, murderous men are after him. In ''The Birds'' (1963), the Rod Taylor character, an innocent man, finds his world under attack by vicious birds, and struggles to free himself of a clinging mother (Jessica Tandy). The killer in ''Frenzy'' (1972) has a loathing of women but idolises his mother. The villain Bruno in ''Strangers on a Train'' hates his father, but has an incredibly close relationship with his mother (played by Marion Lorne). Sebastian (Claude Rains) in ''Notorious'' has a clearly conflictual relationship with his mother, who is (correctly) suspicious of his new bride Alicia Huberman (Ingrid Bergman). Norman Bates has troubles with his mother in ''Psycho''.Hitchcock heroines tend to be lovely, cool blondes who seem proper at first but, when aroused by passion or danger, respond in a more sensual, animal, or even criminal way. The famous victims in ''The Lodger'' are all blondes. In ''The 39 Steps'', Hitchcock's glamorous blonde star, Madeleine Carroll, is put in handcuffs. In ''Marnie'' (1964), the title character (played by Tippi Hedren) is a thief. In ''To Catch a Thief'' (1955), Francie (Grace Kelly) offers to help a man she believes is a burglar. In ''Rear Window'', Lisa (Grace Kelly again) risks her life by breaking into Lars Thorwald's apartment. The best known example is in ''Psycho'' where Janet Leigh's unfortunate character steals $40,000 and is murdered by a reclusive psychopath. Hitchcock's last blonde heroine was—years after Dany Robin and her "daughter" Claude Jade in ''Topaz''—Barbara Harris as a phony psychic turned amateur sleuth in his final film, 1976's ''Family Plot''. In the same film, the diamond smuggler played by Karen Black could also fit that role, as she wears a long blonde wig in various scenes and becomes increasingly uncomfortable about her line of work.
Some critics and Hitchcock scholars, including Donald Spoto and Roger Ebert, agree that ''Vertigo'' represents the director's most personal and revealing film, dealing with the obsessions of a man who crafts a woman into the woman he desires. ''Vertigo'' explores more frankly and at greater length his interest in the relation between sex and death than any other film in his filmography.
Hitchcock often said that his favourite film (of his own work) was ''Shadow of a Doubt''.
Style of working
Writing
Hitchcock once commented, "The writer and I plan out the entire script down to the smallest detail, and when we're finished all that's left to do is to shoot the film. Actually, it's only when one enters the studio that one enters the area of compromise. Really, the novelist has the best casting since he doesn't have to cope with the actors and all the rest." In an interview with Roger Ebert in 1969, Hitchcock elaborated further: }}In ''Writing with Hitchcock'', a book-length study of Hitchcock's working method with his writers, author Steven DeRosa noted that "Although he rarely did any actual 'writing', especially on his Hollywood productions, Hitchcock supervised and guided his writers through every draft, insisting on a strict attention to detail and a preference for telling the story through visual rather than verbal means. While this exasperated some writers, others admitted the director inspired them to do their very best work. Hitchcock often emphasised that he took no screen credit for the writing of his films. However, over time the work of many of his writers has been attributed solely to Hitchcock’s creative genius, a misconception he rarely went out of his way to correct. Notwithstanding his technical brilliance as a director, Hitchcock relied on his writers a great deal."
Storyboards and production
Hitchcock's films were strongly believed to have been extensively storyboarded to the finest detail by the majority of commentators over the years. He was reported to have never even bothered looking through the viewfinder, since he did not need to do so, though in publicity photos he was shown doing so. He also used this as an excuse to never have to change his films from his initial vision. If a studio asked him to change a film, he would claim that it was already shot in a single way, and that there were no alternate takes to consider.However, this view of Hitchcock as a director who relied more on pre-production than on the actual production itself has been challenged by the book ''Hitchcock At Work'', written by Bill Krohn, the American correspondent of ''Cahiers du cinéma''. Krohn, after investigating several script revisions, notes to other production personnel written by or to Hitchcock alongside inspection of storyboards, and other production material, has observed that Hitchcock's work often deviated from how the screenplay was written or how the film was originally envisioned. He noted that the myth of storyboards in relation to Hitchcock, often regurgitated by generations of commentators on his movies was to a great degree perpetuated by Hitchcock himself or the publicity arm of the studios. A great example would be the celebrated crop spraying sequence of ''North by Northwest'' which was not storyboarded at all. After the scene was filmed, the publicity department asked Hitchcock to make storyboards to promote the film and Hitchcock in turn hired an artist to match the scenes in detail.
Even when storyboards were made, scenes that were shot differed from it significantly. Krohn's extensive analysis of the production of Hitchcock classics like ''Notorious'' reveals that Hitchcock was flexible enough to change a film's conception during its production. Another example Krohn notes is the American remake of ''The Man Who Knew Too Much,'' whose shooting schedule commenced without a finished script and moreover went over schedule, something that, as Krohn notes, was not an uncommon occurrence on many of Hitchcock's films, including ''Strangers on a Train'' and ''Topaz''. While Hitchcock did do a great deal of preparation for all his movies, he was fully cognizant that the actual film-making process often deviated from the best laid plans and was flexible to adapt to the changes and needs of production as his films were not free from the normal hassles faced and common routines utilised during many other film productions.
Krohn's work also sheds light on Hitchcock's practice of generally shooting in chronological order, which he notes sent many films over budget and over schedule and, more importantly, differed from the standard operating procedure of Hollywood in the Studio System Era. Equally important is Hitchcock's tendency to shoot alternate takes of scenes. This differed from coverage in that the films were not necessarily shot from varying angles so as to give the editor options to shape the film how he/she chooses (often under the producer's aegis). Rather they represented Hitchcock's tendency of giving himself options in the editing room, where he would provide advice to his editors after viewing a rough cut of the work. According to Krohn, this and a great deal of other information revealed through his research of Hitchcock's personal papers, script revisions and the like refute the notion of Hitchcock as a director who was always in control of his films, whose vision of his films did not change during production, which Krohn notes has remained the central long-standing myth of Alfred Hitchcock.
His fastidiousness and attention to detail also found its way into each film poster for his films. Hitchcock preferred to work with the best talent of his day—film poster designers such as Bill Gold and Saul Bass—and kept them busy with countless rounds of revision until he felt that the single image of the poster accurately represented his entire film.
Approach to actors
Similarly, much of Hitchcock's supposed dislike of actors has been exaggerated. Hitchcock simply did not tolerate the method approach, as he believed that actors should only concentrate on their performances and leave work on script and character to the directors and screenwriters. In a ''Sight and Sound'' interview, he stated that, 'the method actor is OK in the theatre because he has a free space to move about. But when it comes to cutting the face and what he sees and so forth, there must be some discipline'. During the making of ''Lifeboat'', Walter Slezak, who played the German character, stated that Hitchcock knew the mechanics of acting better than anyone he knew. Several critics have observed that despite his reputation as a man who disliked actors, several actors who worked with him gave fine, often brilliant performances and these performances contribute to the film's success.For Hitchcock, the actors, like the props, were part of the film's setting, as he said to Truffaut:
In my opinion, the chief requisite for an actor is the ability to do nothing well, which is by no means as easy as it sounds. He should be willing to be utilised and wholly integrated into the picture by the director and the camera. He must allow the camera to determine the proper emphasis and the most effective dramatic highlights.
Regarding Hitchcock's sometimes less than pleasant relationship with actors, there was a persistent rumour that he had said that actors were cattle. Hitchcock addressed this story in his interview with Francois Truffaut:
I'm not quite sure in what context I might have made such a statement. It may have been made...when we used actors who were simultaneously performing in stage plays. When they had a matinee, and I suspected they were allowing themselves plenty of time for a very leisurely lunch. And this meant that we had to shoot our scenes at breakneck speed so that the actors could get out on time. I couldn't help feeling that if they'd been really conscientious, they'd have swallowed their sandwich in the cab, on the way to the theatre, and get there in time to put on their make-up and go on stage. I had no use for that kind of actor.
Carole Lombard, tweaking Hitchcock and drumming up a little publicity, brought some cows along with her when she reported to the set of ''Mr. and Mrs. Smith''. for the sum of $40,000. Known as the 1870 Cornwall Ranch or 'Heart o' the Mountain', the property was perched high above Scotts Valley, California, at the end of Canham Road. The Hitchcocks resided there from 1940 to 1972. The Hitchcocks became close friends with the parents of Joan Fontaine, after she starred in his film, ''Rebecca''. Years later, after a break-in at his estate, Hitchcock replaced all of the accumulated paintings with studio-made copies. The family sold the estate in 1974, six years before Hitchcock's death.
Hitchcock and family also purchased a second home in late 1942 at 10957 Bellagio Road in Los Angeles, just across from the Bel Air Country Club.
''Rebecca'' was the only Hitchcock film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture (though the award did not go to Hitchcock but to producer David O. Selznick); four other films were nominated. In 1967, he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for lifetime achievement. He never won an Academy Award for direction of a film.
Television, radio, and books
Along with Walt Disney, Hitchcock was among the first prominent motion picture producers to fully envisage just how popular the medium of television would become. From 1955 to 1965, Hitchcock was the host and producer of a television series titled ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents''. While his films had made Hitchcock's name strongly associated with suspense, the TV series made Hitchcock a celebrity himself. His irony-tinged voice and signature droll delivery, gallows humour, iconic image and mannerisms became instantly recognisable and were often the subject of parody.The title-theme of the show pictured a minimalist caricature of Hitchcock's profile (he drew it himself; it is composed of only nine strokes), which his real silhouette then filled. His introductions before the stories in his program always included some sort of wry humour, such as the description of a recent multi-person execution hampered by having only one electric chair, while two are now shown with a sign "Two chairs—no waiting!" He directed a few episodes of the TV series himself, and he upset a number of movie production companies when he insisted on using his TV production crew to produce his motion picture ''Psycho''. In the late 1980s, a new version of ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents'' was produced for television, making use of Hitchcock's original introductions in a colourised form.
''Alfred Hitchcock Presents'' was parodied by Friz Freleng's 1961 cartoon ''The Last Hungry Cat'', which contains a plot similar to ''Blackmail''.
"Hitch" used a curious little tune by the French composer Charles Gounod (1818–1893), the composer of the 1859 opera ''Faust'', as the theme "song" for his television programs, after it was suggested to him by composer Bernard Herrmann. Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra included the piece, ''Funeral March of a Marionette'', in one of their extended play 45 rpm discs for RCA Victor during the 1950s.
Hitchcock appears as a character in the popular juvenile detective book series, ''Alfred Hitchcock and the Three Investigators''. The long-running detective series was created by Robert Arthur, who wrote the first several books, although other authors took over after he left the series. The Three Investigators—Jupiter Jones, Bob Andrews and Peter Crenshaw—were amateur detectives, slightly younger than the Hardy Boys. In the introduction to each book, "Alfred Hitchcock" introduces the mystery, and he sometimes refers a case to the boys to solve. At the end of each book, the boys report to Hitchcock, and sometimes give him a memento of their case.
When the real Hitchcock died, the fictional Hitchcock in the Three Investigators books was replaced by a retired detective named Hector Sebastian. At this time, the series title was changed from ''Alfred Hitchcock and the Three Investigators'' to ''The Three Investigators''.
At the height of Hitchcock's success, he was also asked to introduce a set of books with his name attached. The series was a collection of short stories by popular short-story writers, primarily focused on suspense and thrillers. These titles included ''Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology'', ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents: Stories to be Read with the Door Locked'', ''Alfred Hitchcock's Monster Museum'', ''Alfred Hitchcock's Supernatural Tales of Terror and Suspense'', ''Alfred Hitchcock's Spellbinders in Suspense'', ''Alfred Hitchcock's Witch's Brew'', ''Alfred Hitchcock's Ghostly Gallery'', ''Alfred Hitchcock's A Hangman's Dozen'' and ''Alfred Hitchcock's Haunted Houseful.'' Hitchcock himself was not actually involved in the reading, reviewing, editing or selection of the short stories; in fact, even his introductions were ghost-written. The entire extent of his involvement with the project was to lend his name and collect a check.
Some notable writers whose works were used in the collection include Shirley Jackson (''Strangers in Town'', ''The Lottery''), T.H. White (''The Once and Future King''), Robert Bloch, H. G. Wells (''The War of the Worlds''), Robert Louis Stevenson, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Mark Twain and the creator of ''The Three Investigators'', Robert Arthur.
Hitchcock also wrote a mystery story for ''Look'' magazine in 1943, "The Murder of Monty Woolley". This was a sequence of captioned photographs inviting the reader to inspect the pictures for clues to the murderer's identity; Hitchcock cast the performers as themselves; such as Woolley, Doris Merrick and make up man Guy Pearce, whom Hitchcock identified, in the last photo, as the murderer. The article was reprinted in ''Games'' Magazine in November/December 1980.
In September 2010 BBC Radio 7 broadcast a series of five fifteen-minute programs entitled ''The Late Alfred Hitchcock Presents'' with Michael Roberts impersonating Alfred Hitchcock for introductory/concluding comments and reading the stories in his own voice. These five stories were originally intended for the television series, but were rejected because of their rather gruesome nature:
Filmography
Frequently cast actors and actresses
Frequent collaborators
;Actors and actresses
See also
Bibliography
References
Further reading
External links
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ar:ألفريد هيتشكوك an:Alfred Hitchcock ast:Alfred Hitchcock az:Alfred Hiçkok bn:আলফ্রেড হিচকক zh-min-nan:Alfred Hitchcock be:Альфрэд Хічкок be-x-old:Альфрэд Хічкок bs:Alfred Hitchcock br:Alfred Hitchcock bg:Алфред Хичкок ca:Alfred Hitchcock cs:Alfred Hitchcock cy:Alfred Hitchcock da:Alfred Hitchcock de:Alfred Hitchcock et:Alfred Hitchcock el:Άλφρεντ Χίτσκοκ eml:Alfred Hitchcock es:Alfred Hitchcock eo:Alfred Hitchcock ext:Alfred Hitchcock eu:Alfred Hitchcock fa:آلفرد هیچکاک hif:Alfred Hitchcock fr:Alfred Hitchcock fy:Alfred Hitchcock ga:Alfred Hitchcock gl:Alfred Hitchcock ko:앨프리드 히치콕 hy:Ալֆրեդ Հիչքոք hi:एल्फ़्रेड हिचकॉक hsb:Alfred Hitchcock hr:Alfred Hitchcock io:Alfred Hitchcock ilo:Alfred Hitchcock id:Alfred Hitchcock is:Alfred Hitchcock it:Alfred Hitchcock he:אלפרד היצ'קוק jv:Alfred Hitchcock ka:ალფრედ ჰიჩკოკი sw:Alfred Hitchcock la:Alfredus Hitchcock lv:Alfrēds Hičkoks lb:Alfred Hitchcock lt:Alfred Hitchcock li:Alfred Hitchcock hu:Alfred Hitchcock mk:Алфред Хичкок ml:ആൽഫ്രെഡ് ഹിച്ച്കോക്ക് mr:आल्फ्रेड हिचकॉक arz:الفريد هيتشكوك nl:Alfred Hitchcock new:अल्फ्रेड हिच्कक् ja:アルフレッド・ヒッチコック no:Alfred Hitchcock nn:Alfred Hitchcock oc:Alfred Hitchcock uz:Alfred Hitchcock pnb:ایلفریڈ ہچکاک nds:Alfred Hitchcock pl:Alfred Hitchcock pt:Alfred Hitchcock ro:Alfred Hitchcock qu:Alfred Hitchcock rue:Алфред Гічкок ru:Хичкок, Альфред sa:एल्फ़्रेड हिचकॉक sq:Alfred Hitchcock simple:Alfred Hitchcock sk:Alfred Hitchcock sl:Alfred Hitchcock sr:Алфред Хичкок sh:Alfred Hitchcock fi:Alfred Hitchcock sv:Alfred Hitchcock tl:Alfred Hitchcock ta:ஆல்பிரட் ஹிட்ச்காக் th:อัลเฟรด ฮิตช์ค็อก tr:Alfred Hitchcock uk:Альфред Хічкок ur:الفریڈ ہچکاک vec:Alfred Hitchcock vi:Alfred Hitchcock vo:Alfred Hitchcock war:Alfred Hitchcock yi:אלפרעד היטשקאק yo:Alfred Hitchcock zh-yue:希治閣 bat-smg:Alfreds Hėčkuoks zh:亞弗列·希治閣
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Osvaldo Pedro Pugliese (Buenos Aires, December 2, 1905 – July 25, 1995) was an Argentine tango musician. He developed dramatic arrangements that retained strong elements of the walking beat of salon tango but also heralded the development of concert-style tango music.
Some of his music, mostly since the 50s, is used for theatrical dance performances. In Buenos Aires, Pugliese is often played later in the evening when the dancers want to dance more slowly, impressionistically and intimately.
Pugliese is a great choice for slower tango dance music, but the arrangements can be a bit more rhythmically challenging than those played by other orchestras. 'Recuerdo' (1924) and 'La yumba' (1946) are two of Pugliese's most popular tangos.
Pugliese was outspoken in his political opinions. His communist sympathies, though never violent, at times earned him the hostility of those in power. Populist President Juan Perón is said to have had labor union heavies once intimidate Pugliese by locking him in a sinking boat, rescuing him at the last minute; though the alleged 1949 incident has never been proven (Pugliese, likewise, seldom spoke of it publicly), the day Pres. Perón awarded the great pianist the Order of May (Argentina's highest civilian award), he embraced Pugliese, saying: "''Thank you, maestro, for forgiving''".
References
External links
TodoTango.com - Biography Todo TangoTango.com - Discography Unofficial site Unofficial site Unofficial siteCategory:1905 births Category:1995 deaths Category:People from Buenos Aires Category:Argentine people of Italian descent Category:Argentine composers Category:Tango musicians Category:Argentine pianists Category:Orquesta Osvaldo Pugliese
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This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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