composing at the keyboard.]]

A composer (Latin com+ponere, literally "one who puts together") is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music. In the development of European music, the function of composing music initially did not have much greater importance than that of performing it. The preservation of individual compositions did not receive enormous attention and musicians generally had no qualms about modifying compositions for performance. Over time, however, the written notation of the composer came to be treated as strict instructions from which performers should not deviate without good practical or artistic reason. Performers do, however, play the music and interpret it in a way that is all their own. In fact, in the concerto form, the soloist would often compose and perform a cadenza as a way to express their individual interpretation of the piece.

Inasmuch as the role of the composer in western art music has seen continued solidification, in alternative idioms (i.e. jazz, experimental music) it has in some ways become increasingly complex or vague. For instance, in certain contexts - the line between composer and performer, sound designer, arranger, producer, and other roles - can be quite blurred.

The term "composer" is often used to refer to composers of instrumental music, such as those found in classical, jazz or other forms of art and traditional music. In popular and folk music, the composer is usually called a songwriter, since the music generally takes the form of a song. Since the mid-20th century, the term has expanded to accommodate creators of electroacoustic music, in which composers directly create sonic material in any of the various electronic media. This is distinct from instrumental composition, where the work is represented by a musical score to be interpreted by performers.

See also

List of composers

References

Merriam-Webster dictionary on 'composer', accessed 17 November 2010

External links

Category:Occupations in music Category:Musical terminology

Name	Roger Hodgson
Landscape	Yes
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Charles Roger Pomfret Hodgson
Born	March 21, 1950
Origin	Portsmouth, England
Instrument	Vocals, keyboards, guitar, bass
Genre	Progressive rock, pop rock, art rock
Occupation	Musician, songwriter
Years active	1969 - present
Label	A&M;, Unichord/Voiceprint, Epic
Associated acts	Supertramp, Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band
Url	RogerHodgson.com

Charles Roger Pomfret Hodgson (born 21 March 1950) is a British musician and songwriter, best known as the co-lead vocalist (with Rick Davies), and one of the founding members of, the progressive rock band Supertramp.

Biography

1950–1969: Early years

Hodgson began playing guitar at a very young age. His first guitar was a parting gift from his father at age 12 when his parents divorced. He took it to boarding school with him, where his teacher taught him three chords. Right away he began composing his own music and lyrics and within a year gave his first concert at school with nine original songs. Roger's first band at school consisted of him on guitar and his buddy Roy playing snare drums. They were dubbed the "H-bombs" because of their last names, which were “Hodgson” and “Hoby.” Interestingly enough, the only encore was for a non-original cover of "Bachelor Boy" a hit for Cliff Richard in 1964.

At age 19, Roger Hodgson had just released his first single, under the name Argosy, accompanied by session musician Reg Dwight, who later became known as Elton John. Very soon after, in 1969, Hodgson, along with Rick Davies, co-founded the progressive rock band Supertramp.

1969–1983: Supertramp

Songs on the first album "Supertramp", released in 1970, were composed by Roger Hodgson and Rick Davies, with Richard Palmer writing the lyrics. From "Indelibly Stamped", released in 1971, and onward, Hodgson and Davies were the band’s lyricists and composers. The hugely successful Crime of the Century was released in 1974. Crisis? What Crisis?, released in 1975, was followed by Even in the Quietest Moments in 1977. In 1979, they released their most successful album, Breakfast in America. This album has sold over 20 million copies to date. The live album, Paris, was released in 1980, with Famous Last Words being released in 1982.

Through 1983, all songs recorded by Supertramp were legally credited with a shared writing credit of Davies/Hodgson. The person who sang the song is the one who wrote and composed it. Roger Hodgson was the writer of hits such as "The Logical Song", "Dreamer", "Give a Little Bit", "Breakfast in America", "It's Raining Again", "Take the Long Way Home" and "Fool's Overture".

Hodgson had been the major songwriter and singer in Supertramp, solely composing and writing 8 of their 10 biggest hits. When he was with Supertramp, he would make a demo of the complete song while alone and then bring it to the band so that they could learn their parts. Roger presented his songs to the band in this way so that the songs were finished and therefore not changed by additions or suggestions regarding the lyrics or music. Hodgson wrote some of his most popular songs like "Breakfast in America", "The Logical Song", and some of "Fool's Overture" at home with a harmonium he had bought from a neighbour when he was 17 years old (this instrument is used in the background of "Breakfast in America", and prominently appears on "Two of Us" and his solo track "The Garden").

1984–present: Solo career

Roger was with the band for 14 years before leaving in 1983. There was much speculation behind the reasons why Roger Hodgson left Supertramp. In an interview, Hodgson stated that the reason he left the band was to spend time with his two small children. At the time of his departure from Supertramp, Hodgson stated that one of the reasons that he and the other band members grew apart was that Hodgson's drug use had caused a rift within the band. In Rolling Stone Magazine, Hodgson stated that "Taking acid was definitely a life-changing experience. It led me in a direction [Rick] couldn't understand or share." He left Los Angeles and moved his family to Northern California where he built a home studio and produced several successful solo albums.

Hodgson's first solo album, In the Eye of The Storm contained the singles "Had a Dream (Sleeping with the Enemy)" and "In Jeopardy". His second album, 1987's Hai Hai, had a distinctive synthpop-oriented feel, in the vein of the mid-80s trends, but it also maintains a songwriting style true to Hodgson's standards. However, just prior to the release of Hai Hai, Hodgson fell from a loft in his home and broke both wrists, which disabled him from successfully promoting the album. He also took a long break from both touring and recording.

In 1990, Hodgson was approached by Yes to take the lead singer position after Jon Anderson had left to record and tour with ABWH. Hodgson enjoyed working with the group but declined the offer, saying it was unwise to attempt to pass off the music as Yes. One of the songs he co-wrote with Trevor Rabin, "Walls", was released in 1994 on Yes' Talk album, with lyrics revised by Anderson. A version of "Walls" with only Hodgson and Rabin on vocals can be found on Trevor Rabin's 2003 archival release 90124.

After a long break, he launched into his first tour since 1984 and released 1997's live Rites of Passage to document the tour. The live album was recorded at the Miners Foundry in Nevada City, California. He performed with a full band including his son Andrew, and Supertramp sax player John Helliwell. He then embarked on his first world solo tour in 1998.

Hodgson played King Arthur in the rock opera Excalibur: La Legende Des Celtes, and appeared on the album for two songs: "The Elements," and "The Will of God." The project was headed by Alan Simon and released in 1999.

In 2000, Hodgson contributed vocals on a track titled "The Moon Says Hello" by Carlos Núñez, on the CD Mayo Longo.

Hodgson's third solo effort Open the Door was released in 2000 and continued in the vein of his previous work. He collaborated again with Alan Simon on the album. In August 2000, Hodgson guested with Fairport Convention at that years Cropredy Festival. He performed "Breakfast In America", "The Logical Song", "Open The Door" and "Give A Little Bit".

In 2001, Hodgson toured as a member of the All-Starr Band in 2001, playing lead guitar, and has since collaborated with Trevor Rabin (who appears on the track "The More I Look" on Open the Door) and Ringo Starr.

Hodgson is still giving concerts, often playing alone, but from time to time he is joined by other musicians or has a full orchestra accompanying him. He has taken part in the Night of the Proms concert series in Belgium and Germany in late 2004, as well as the rock festival, Bospop in 2005.

In May 2006, Roger Hodgson was honoured by ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers) in recognition of his song Give A Little Bit being one of the most played songs in the ASCAP repertoire in 2005.

On 30 November 2005, he held his first concert in England in over twenty years, at Shepherd's Bush, London. While that performance was filmed and scheduled for a DVD release, the plan was scrapped. Instead, the concert recorded at the Place Des Arts in Montreal, Canada on 6 June 2006 was his first DVD, released on 22 August 2006, entitled Take The Long Way Home - Live In Montreal. In October 2006, the DVD was certified multi-platinum by the CRIA (Canadian Recording Industry Association).

Hodgson participated as a mentor on Canadian Idol along with Dennis DeYoung. He continued mentoring several of the finalists during his 2006 Canadian Tour.

Hodgson performed at the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium , UK on 1 July 2007. He sang a medley of his most popular songs: "Dreamer", "The Logical Song", "Breakfast in America" and "Give A Little Bit".

On 18 September 2007, Eagle Vision released the DVD Take The Long Way Home - Live In Montreal worldwide, achieving gold in Germany and France.

On 9 April 2008, Hodgson received an ASCAP award for the Gym Class Heroes' song "Cupid's Chokehold", recognised as being one of the most played songs in ASCAPs repertoire from the fourth quarter 2006 through to the fourth quarter of 2007.

Though Hodgson's former bandmates in Supertramp announced a 40th Anniversary reunion tour, he was not invited to join them. The agreement between Hodgson and Davies upon Hodgson's departure from the band was that Davies would keep the band’s name, Supertramp, while Hodgson would keep his songs in order to carry on as an artist. Another important component of this agreement was that Davies would no longer perform any songs written and composed by Hodgson. Davies has performed Hodgson's songs on every tour since the latter's depature, and this led to the departure of bassist Dougie Thompson out of principle.

Hodgson toured the US, Australia, New Zealand, South America, Europe, and Canada on his own 2010 World Tour, whilst Davies mainly concentrated on touring around Europe during Supertramp's 40th anniversary tour. Both Hodgson and Supertramp released live versions of their tour material on download only on their websites. Hodgson is again planning a worldwide tour in 2011 and has released some dates on his website and facebook page.

Trivia

Before joining Supertramp, Hodgson recorded a single in 1969 under the name "Argosy". The sole single, "Mr. Boyd" b/w "Imagine", was issued on the DJM (U.K.) and Congress (U.S) record labels, and remains quite rare and sought after. Musically, it's a bit more pop and slightly psychedelic compared to his work with Supertramp, but it's instantly recognisable as being Hodgson. Other musicians on the record were Caleb Quaye - guitar, Nigel Olsson - drums, and Reginald Dwight (better known as Elton John) - piano. "Mr. Boyd" was covered in 1997 by Jake Shillingford and his band My Life Story on their album "The Golden Mile".

There are at least four versions of the song "Land Ho". The first version was an early demo which was then edited and recorded as a "B" side of the song "Summer Romance" - a single that was released in 1973 when the most popular version of Supertramp came to be, a third version which was yet another edit and was a contender for Supertramp's "Crisis What Crisis?" in 1975 but never included on the album and released on The Supertramp Anthology - A Retrospectacle, and finally, the version that "introduced" the song to most fans on Hodgson's second solo album Hai Hai in 1987.

Discography

''For his work with Supertramp, see Supertramp discography between 1969 and 1982

References

External links

Official website

Official Facebook page

Official Twitter page

rogerhodgson.co.uk - UK Fansite

Category:1950 births Category:Living people Category:English male singers Category:English songwriters Category:English rock guitarists Category:English keyboardists Category:People from Portsmouth Category:Old Stoics Category:Supertramp members Category:English expatriates in the United States Category:Ivor Novello Award winners

Name	Michael Giacchino
Caption	Giacchino, with his sister Maria, at the 2010 Academy Awards
Birthname	Michael Giacchino
Birth date	October 10, 1967
Birth place	Riverside Township, New Jersey, U.S.
Occupation	Film, television, and video game score composer
Yearsactive	1995-Present

Michael Giacchino (; born October 10, 1967) is an American composer who has composed scores for movies, television series and video games. Some of his most notable works include the scores to television series such as Lost, Alias and Fringe, games such as the Medal of Honor and Call of Duty series, and films such as , The Incredibles, Star Trek, Cloverfield, Ratatouille, and Up. Giacchino has received numerous awards for his work, including an Emmy, multiple Grammys, and an Academy Award.

Early life and education

Giacchino, an Italian American (with dual citizenship), was born in Riverside Township, New Jersey. Giacchino grew up in Edgewater Park Township, New Jersey and graduated from Holy Cross High School in Delran, New Jersey. He attended the Evening Division at the Juilliard School; as well as the School of Visual Arts in New York City, where he earned a degree in film production and a minor in history, in addition to taking film-music extension courses at UCLA.

Compositions

Video games

Giacchino's first major composition was for the DreamWorks video game adaptation of the 1997 movie, . The video game was the first PlayStation- (also on Sega Saturn) console title to be recorded with an original live orchestral score. Giacchino has since continued his relationship with DreamWorks, providing full orchestral scores for many of their popular videogames. He also worked with Pandemic studios to create the . Giacchino's award-winning compositions covers the first three Medal of Honor series, (, and , along with the original Medal of Honor), and also the scores for several other World War II-related video games like Secret Weapons Over Normandy, Call of Duty and . Additionally, Giacchino composed themes for , and co-wrote the theme of Black with composer Chris Tilton. He also composed the score for Alias, which was based on the television series of the same name. Recently, Giacchino wrote music for . Electronic Arts has announced that he has returned to the Medal of Honor franchise as he has composed the music for .

Film and television

Giacchino's work on various video games led to his entrance into television.

In 2001, J.J. Abrams, producer of the television series Alias, discovered Giacchino through his video game work and asked him to provide the new show's soundtrack. The soundtrack featured a mix of full orchestral pieces frequently intermingled with upbeat electronic music, a departure from much of his previous work. Giacchino would go on to provide the score for J.J. Abrams's 2004 television series Lost, creating an acclaimed score which employed a unique process of using spare pieces of a plane fuselage for percussion parts. The score for Lost is also notable for a signature thematic motif: a brass fall-off at the end of certain themes.

In 2004, Giacchino received his first big feature film commission. Brad Bird, director of Pixar's The Incredibles, asked Giacchino to provide the soundtrack for the film after having heard his work on Alias. The upbeat jazz orchestral sound was a departure in style not only for Giacchino but for Pixar, which had previously relied on Randy and Thomas Newman for all of its films. Director Brad Bird had originally sought out John Barry -- perhaps best known for his work on the early James Bond films—but Barry was reportedly unwilling to repeat the styles of his earlier works.

Giacchino was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 2005 for The Incredibles: Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media and Best Instrumental Composition.

Giacchino also composed scores for the 2005 films Sky High and The Family Stone, and the television movie The Muppets' Wizard of Oz. Additionally, he wrote the music for Joseph Barbera's final theatrical Tom and Jerry cartoon The Karate Guard, and scored the Abrams-directed 2006 film . Giacchino's next musical achievement was his Paris-inspired score for the Disney-Pixar film Ratatouille, which includes the theme song "Le Festin", performed by French artist Camille. He received his first Academy Award nomination for this score. He also created the score for Abrams' 2009 Star Trek film.

As of 2010, Giacchino's latest score was for the Pixar film Up (and its accompanying animated short Partly Cloudy) for which he collaborated with director Pete Docter. This marked the first time Giacchino worked with a Pixar director other than Brad Bird. This work gained Giacchino his first Academy Award, for Best Score—the first-ever win for Pixar in that category.

Giacchino has continued his collaboration with J.J. Abrams. For the Abrams-produced monster film Cloverfield, Giacchino wrote an homage to Japanese monster scores in an overture entitled "ROAR!", which played over the credits (and which constituted the only original music for the film). He composed for the pilot of the new Abrams series Fringe, after which Giacchino gave scoring duties to his assistant Chad Seiter (who scored the first half of season one), and then Chris Tilton (who scored the latter half of season one and all of season two).

Giacchino has frequently referenced previous work when naming his pieces. For example, the score for The Incredibles contains a piece named "100 Mile Dash", and the album with the score from Ratatouille has a track entitled "100 Rat Dash". Another series of examples: "World's Worst Beach Party" from the first Lost album, "World's Worst Last 4 Minutes To Live" from the soundtrack, "World's Worst Road Rage" from the Speed Racer score, "Galaxy's Worst Sushi Bar" from (2010 deluxe release), "World's Worst Landscaping" from the second Lost album, and "World's Worst Car Wash" from the soundtrack album Lost: The Final Season. Inversely, the score for Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction has a track entitled "World's Best Carpool Lane".

Additional compositions

In addition to his long list of soundtracks, in 2005 Giacchino collaborated with Walt Disney Imagineering in creating two new soundtracks for the updated versions of Space Mountain at Disneyland, at Disneyland Paris, and Space Mountain at Hong Kong Disneyland. Giacchino was also contracted by Sarah Vowell, who played character Violet in The Incredibles, to compose the score to the audio version of her book Assassination Vacation.

In 2009 he was asked to conduct the Academy Awards orchestra for the 81st Academy Awards. For this project he rearranged many famous movie themes in different styles, including a 1930's Big Band treatment of Lawrence of Arabia and a bossa nova of Moon River.

Awards, nominations and recognition

Awards

2001 Interactive Achievement Awards for Original Music Composition -

2003 Game Developers Choice Awards for Excellence in Audio -

2003 Interactive Achievement Awards for Original Music Composition -

2004 IFMCA Award for Score of the Year - The Incredibles

2004 IFMCA Award for Composer of the Year

2004 Game Developers Choice Awards for Excellence in Audio - Call of Duty

2005 Emmy Award for Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore) - Lost

2007 Film & TV Music Award for Best Score for a Short Film - Lifted

2007 StreamingSoundtracks.com Award for Composer of the Year

2008 Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media - Ratatouille

2010 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards for Best Score - Up

2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score - Up

2010 Grammy Award Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media - Up

2010 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition - "Married Life (from Up)"

2010 BAFTA Award for Best Music - "Up"

2010 Academy Award for Best Original Score - Up

Nominations

Grammy Award 2005 Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media The Incredibles

Grammy Award 2005 Best Instrumental Composition - "The Incredits" (from The Incredibles)

Academy Award 2008 - Best Original Score - Ratatouille

Emmy Award 2008 - Outstanding Music Composition for a Series - Lost

Grammy Award 2010 Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media - Star Trek

Grammy Award 2010 Best Instrumental Arrangement - "Up With End Credits (from Up)"

Emmy Award 2010 - Outstanding Music Composition for a Series - Lost

Recognition

Score for Season 1 of Lost was cited by New Yorker music critic Alex Ross as "some of the most compelling film music of the past year."

Works

Films

Video games

Television

Short films and other works

References

External links

Music By Michael Giacchino Website

Michael Giacchino's score for 'Secret Weapons Over Normandy'

Composer profile, focusing on his Video Game Soundtracks work (Call Of Duty, etc.)

SoundtrackNet Interview with Michael Giacchino

SoundtrackNet's Mission: Impossible 3 Scoring Session Exclusive

Alex Ross column in The New Yorker

Alan Sepinwall interview with Michael Giacchino on composing for LOST

Category:1967 births Category:American film score composers Category:American television composers Category:American people of Italian descent Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:Juilliard School of Music alumni Category:Living people Category:Musicians from New Jersey Category:Mission: Impossible music Category:People from Burlington County, New Jersey Category:School of Visual Arts alumni Category:Video game composers

Stephen Michael “Steve” Reich (; born October 3, 1936) is an American composer who pioneered the style of minimalist music. His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns (examples are his early compositions, "It's Gonna Rain" and "Come Out"), and the use of simple, audible processes to explore musical concepts (for instance, "Pendulum Music" and "Four Organs"). These compositions, marked by their use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm and canons, have significantly influenced contemporary music, especially in the US. Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably the Grammy Award-winning Different Trains.

Reich's style of composition influenced many other composers and musical groups. Reich has been described by The Guardian as one of "a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history", and the critic Kyle Gann has said Reich "may...be considered, by general acclamation, America's greatest living composer." On January 25, 2007, Reich was named the 2007 recipient of the Polar Music Prize, together with jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins. On April 20, 2009, Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Double Sextet.

Career

Early life

Reich was born in New York City to the Broadway lyricist June Sillman. When he was one year old, his parents divorced, and Reich divided his time between New York and California. He was given piano lessons as a child and describes growing up with the "middle-class favorites", having no exposure to music written before 1750 or after 1900. At the age of 14 he began to study music in earnest, after hearing music from the Baroque period and earlier, as well as music of the 20th century. Reich studied drums with Roland Kohloff in order to play jazz. While attending Cornell University, he took some music courses, but he graduated in 1957 with a B.A. in Philosophy. Reich's B.A. thesis was on Ludwig Wittgenstein; later he would set texts by that philosopher to music in Proverb (1995) and You Are (variations) (2006).

For a year following graduation, Reich studied composition privately with Hall Overton before he enrolled at Juilliard to work with William Bergsma and Vincent Persichetti (1958–1961). Subsequently he attended Mills College in Oakland, California, where he studied with Luciano Berio and Darius Milhaud (1961–1963) and earned a master's degree in composition. At Mills, Reich composed Melodica for melodica and tape, which appeared in 1986 on the three-LP release Music from Mills.

Reich worked with the California Tape Music Centre along with Pauline Oliveros, Ramon Sender, Morton Subotnick, and Terry Riley. He was involved with the premiere of Riley's In C and suggested the use of the eighth note pulse, which is now standard in performance of the piece.

1960s

Reich's early forays into composition involved experimentation with twelve-tone composition, but he found the rhythmic aspects of the twelve-tone series more interesting than the melodic aspects. Reich also composed film soundtracks for Plastic Haircut, Oh Dem Watermelons, and Thick Pucker, three films by Robert Nelson. The soundtrack of Plastic Haircut, composed in 1963, was a short tape collage, possibly Reich's first. The Watermelons soundtrack used two old Stephen Foster minstrel tunes as its basis, and used repeated phrasing together in a large five-part canon. The music for Thick Pucker arose from street recordings Reich made walking around San Francisco with Nelson, who filmed in black and white 16mm. This film no longer survives. A fourth film from 1965, about 25 minutes long and tentatively entitled "Thick Pucker II", was assembled by Nelson from outtakes of that shoot and more of the raw audio Reich had recorded. Nelson was not happy with the resulting film and never showed it.

Reich was influenced by fellow minimalist Terry Riley, whose work In C combines simple musical patterns, offset in time, to create a slowly shifting, cohesive whole. Reich adopted this approach to compose his first major work, It's Gonna Rain. Written in 1965, the piece used recordings of a sermon about the end of the world given by a black Pentecostal street-preacher known as Brother Walter. Reich built on his early tape work, transferring the sermon to multiple tape loops played in and out of phase, with segments of the sermon cut and rearranged.

The 13-minute "Come Out" (1966) uses similarly manipulated recordings of a single spoken line given by Daniel Hamm, one of the falsely accused Harlem Six, who was severely injured by police. The survivor, who had been beaten, punctured a bruise on his own body to convince police about his beating. The spoken line includes the phrase "to let the bruise’s blood come out to show them." Reich rerecorded the fragment "come out to show them" on two channels, which are initially played in unison. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens and becomes a reverberation. The two voices then split into four, looped continuously, then eight, and continues splitting until the actual words are unintelligible, leaving the listener with only the speech's rhythmic and tonal patterns.

A similar, lesser known example of process music is "Pendulum Music" (1968), which consists of the sound of several microphones swinging over the loudspeakers to which they are attached, producing feedback as they do so. "Pendulum Music" has never been recorded by Reich himself, but was introduced to rock audiences by Sonic Youth in the late 1990s.

Reich's first attempt at translating this phasing technique from recorded tape to live performance was the 1967 Piano Phase, for two pianos. In Piano Phase the performers repeat a rapid twelve-note melodic figure, initially in unison. As one player keeps tempo with robotic precision, the other speeds up very slightly until the two parts line up again, but one sixteenth note apart. The second player then resumes the previous tempo. This cycle of speeding up and then locking in continues throughout the piece; the cycle comes full circle three times, the second and third cycles using shorter versions of the initial figure. Violin Phase, also written in 1967, is built on these same lines. Piano Phase and Violin Phase both premiered in a series of concerts given in New York art galleries.

Reich also tried to create the phasing effect in a piece "that would need no instrument beyond the human body". He found that the idea of phasing was inappropriate for the simple ways he was experimenting to make sound. Instead, he composed Clapping Music (1972), in which the players do not phase in and out with each other, but instead one performer keeps one line of a 12-quaver-long (12-eighth-note-long) phrase and the other performer shifts by one quaver beat every 12 bars, until both performers are back in unison 144 bars later.

The 1967 prototype piece Slow Motion Sound was never performed, but the idea it introduced of slowing down a recorded sound until many times its original length without changing pitch or timbre was applied to Four Organs (1970), which deals specifically with augmentation. The piece has maracas playing a fast eighth note pulse, while the four organs stress certain eighth notes using an 11th chord. This work therefore dealt with repetition and subtle rhythmic change. It is unique in the context of Reich's other pieces in being linear as opposed to cyclic like his earlier works— the superficially similar Phase Patterns, also for four organs but without maracas, is (as the name suggests) a phase piece similar to others composed during the period. Four Organs was performed as part of a Boston Symphony Orchestra program, and was Reich's first composition to be performed in a large traditional setting.

1970s

In 1971, Reich embarked on a five-week trip to study music in Ghana, during which he learned from the master drummer Gideon Alorwoyie. Reich also studied Balinese gamelan in Seattle. From his African experience, as well as A. M. Jones's Studies in African Music about the music of the Ewe people, Reich drew inspiration for his 90-minute piece Drumming, which he composed shortly after his return. Composed for a nine-piece percussion ensemble with female voices and piccolo, Drumming marked the beginning of a new stage in his career, for around this time he formed his ensemble, Steve Reich and Musicians, and increasingly concentrated on composition and performance with them. Steve Reich and Musicians, which was to be the sole ensemble to interpret his works for many years, still remains active with many of its original members.

After Drumming, Reich moved on from the "phase shifting" technique that he had pioneered, and began writing more elaborate pieces. He investigated other musical processes such as augmentation (the temporal lengthening of phrases and melodic fragments). It was during this period that he wrote works such as Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973) and Six Pianos (1973).

In 1974, Reich began writing what many would call his seminal work, Music for 18 Musicians. This piece involved many new ideas, although it also hearkened back to earlier pieces. It is based on a cycle of eleven chords introduced at the beginning (called "Pulses"), followed by a small section of music based on each chord ("Sections I-XI"), and finally a return to the original cycle ("Pulses"). This was Reich's first attempt at writing for larger ensembles. The increased number of performers resulted in more scope for psychoacoustic effects, which fascinated Reich, and he noted that he would like to "explore this idea further". Reich remarked that this one work contained more harmonic movement in the first five minutes than any other work he had written. Steve Reich and Musicians made the premier recording of this work on ECM Records.

Reich explored these ideas further in his frequently recorded pieces Music for a Large Ensemble (1978) and Octet (1979). In these two works, Reich experimented with "the human breath as the measure of musical duration … the chords played by the trumpets are written to take one comfortable breath to perform". Human voices are part of the musical palette in Music for a Large Ensemble but the wordless vocal parts simply form part of the texture (as they do in Drumming). With Octet and his first orchestral piece Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards (also 1979), Reich's music showed the influence of Biblical cantillation, which he had studied in Israel since the summer of 1977. After this, the human voice singing a text would play an increasingly important role in Reich's music. In 1974 Reich published a book, Writings About Music (ISBN 0814773583), containing essays on his philosophy, aesthetics, and musical projects written between 1963 and 1974. An updated and much more extensive collection, Writings On Music (1965–2000) (ISBN 0195111710), was published in 2002.

1980s

Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage. Tehillim (1981), Hebrew for psalms, is the first of Reich's works to draw explicitly on his Jewish background. The work is in four parts, and is scored for an ensemble of four women's voices (one high soprano, two lyric sopranos and one alto), piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, two clarinets, six percussion (playing small tuned tambourines without jingles, clapping, maracas, marimba, vibraphone and crotales), two electronic organs, two violins, viola, cello and double bass, with amplified voices, strings, and winds. A setting of texts from psalms 19:2–5 (19:1–4 in Christian translations), 34:13–15 (34:12–14), 18:26–27 (18:25–26), and 150:4–6, Tehillim is a departure from Reich's other work in its formal structure; the setting of texts several lines long rather than the fragments used in previous works makes melody a substantive element. Use of formal counterpoint and functional harmony also contrasts with the loosely structured minimalist works written previously.

Different Trains (1988), for string quartet and tape, uses recorded speech, as in his earlier works, but this time as a melodic rather than a rhythmic element. In Different Trains Reich compares and contrasts his childhood memories of his train journeys between New York and California in 1939–1941 with the very different trains being used to transport contemporaneous European children to their deaths under Nazi rule. The Kronos Quartet recording of Different Trains was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition in 1990. The composition was described by Richard Taruskin as "the only adequate musical response—one of the few adequate artistic responses in any medium—to the Holocaust", and he credited the piece with earning Reich a place among the great composers of the 20th century.

1990s to present

In 1993, Reich collaborated with his wife, the video artist Beryl Korot, on an opera, The Cave, which explores the roots of Judaism, Christianity and Islam through the words of Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans, echoed musically by the ensemble. The work, for percussion, voices, and strings, is a musical documentary, named for the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, where a mosque now stands and Abraham is said to have been buried. The two collaborated again on the opera Three Tales, which concerns the Hindenburg disaster, the testing of nuclear weapons on Bikini Atoll, and other more modern concerns, specifically Dolly the sheep, cloning, and the technological singularity.

As well as pieces using sampling techniques, like Three Tales and City Life (1994), Reich also returned to composing purely instrumental works for the concert hall, starting with Triple Quartet (1998) written for the Kronos Quartet that can either be performed by string quartet and tape, three string quartets or 36-piece string orchestra. According to Reich, the piece is influenced by Bartók's and Alfred Schnittke's string quartets, and Michael Gordon's Yo Shakespeare. This series continued with Dance Patterns (2002), Cello Counterpoint (2003), and sequence of works centered around Variations: You Are (Variations) (2004) (a work which looks back to the vocal writing of works like Tehillim or The Desert Music), Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings (2005, for the London Sinfonietta) and Daniel Variations (2006).

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the 12th composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 2002.

In an interview with The Guardian, Reich stated that he continues to follow this direction with his piece Double Sextet (2007) commissioned by eighth blackbird, an American ensemble consisting of the instrumental quintet (flute, clarinet, violin or viola, cello and piano) of Schoenberg's piece Pierrot Lunaire (1912) plus percussion. Reich states that he was thinking about Stravinsky's Agon (1957) as a model for the instrumental writing.

Reich was awarded the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for Music, on April 20, 2009, for Double Sextet.

Influence

Reich's style of composition has influenced many other composers and musical groups, including John Adams, the progressive rock band King Crimson, the new-age guitarist Michael Hedges, the art-pop and electronic musician Brian Eno, the experimental art/music group The Residents, the composers associated with the Bang on a Can festival (including David Lang, Michael Gordon, and Julia Wolfe), and numerous indie rock musicians including songwriter Sufjan Stevens and instrumental ensembles Tortoise, The Mercury Program (themselves influenced by Tortoise), So Many Dynamos, Do Make Say Think and A Silver Mt. Zion. Godspeed You! Black Emperor composed a song, unreleased, entitled "Steve Reich". His music has also been a source of inspiration to ambient and techno musicians.

John Adams commented, "He didn't reinvent the wheel so much as he showed us a new way to ride." He has also influenced visual artists such as Bruce Nauman, and many notable choreographers have made dances to his music, Eliot Feld, Jiří Kylián, Douglas Lee and Jerome Robbins among others; he has expressed particular admiration of Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker's work set to his pieces.

In featuring a sample of Reich's Electric Counterpoint (1987) the British ambient techno act the Orb exposed a new generation of listeners to the composer's music with its 1990 production “Little Fluffy Clouds.” Further acknowledgment of Reich's influence on various electronic dance music producers came with the release in 1999 of the Reich Remixed tribute album which featured reinterpretations by artists such as DJ Spooky, Kurtis Mantronik, Ken Ishii, and Coldcut, among others. Reich's influence from jazz includes its roots, also, from the West African music he studied in his readings and visit to Ghana. Other important influences are Kenny Clarke and Miles Davis, and visual artist friends such as Sol LeWitt and Richard Serra. Reich recently contributed the introduction to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture (The MIT Press, 2008) edited by Paul D. Miller, a.k.a. DJ Spooky.

Upcoming Projects

Reich has the world premiere of a piece, WTC 9/11, written for String Quartet and Tape, a similar instrumentation to that of Different Trains. It will premiere in March 2011 by the Kronos Quartet, at Duke University, North Carolina, USA. Piano Counterpoint is being written for the London Steve Reich Ensemble, for premiere in 2011-12, a piece for six pianos, or solo piano and tape. London Sinfonietta have also commissioned a piece with working title London Counterpoint, for ensemble and tape; an ensemble playing against a recording of themselves.

Quotations

Works

Soundtrack for The Plastic Haircut, tape (1963)

Music for two or more pianos (1964)

It's Gonna Rain, tape (1965)

Soundtrack for Oh Dem Watermelons, tape (1965)

Come Out, tape (1966)

Melodica, for melodica and tape (1966)

Reed Phase, for soprano saxophone and tape (1966)

Piano Phase for two pianos, or two marimbas (1967)

Slow Motion Sound concept piece (1967)

Violin Phase for violin and tape or four violins (1967)

My Name Is for three tape recorders and performers (1967)

Pendulum Music for 3 or 4 microphones, amplifiers and loudspeakers (1968) (revised 1973)

Four Organs for four electric organs and maracas (1970)

Phase Patterns for four electric organs (1970)

Drumming for 4 pairs of tuned bongo drums, 3 marimbas, 3 glockenspiels, 2 female voices, whistling and piccolo (1970/1971)

Clapping Music for two musicians clapping (1972)

Music for Pieces of Wood for five pairs of tuned claves (1973)

Six Pianos (1973) - transcribed as Six Marimbas (1986)

Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ (1973)

Music for 18 Musicians (1974–76)

Music for a Large Ensemble (1978)

Octet (1979) - withdrawn in favor of the 1983 revision for slightly larger ensemble, Eight Lines

Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards for orchestra (1979)

Tehillim for voices and ensemble (1981)

Vermont Counterpoint for amplified flute and tape (1982)

The Desert Music for chorus and orchestra or voices and ensemble (1984, text by William Carlos Williams)

Sextet for percussion and keyboards (1984)

New York Counterpoint for amplified clarinet and tape, or 11 clarinets and bass clarinet (1985)

Three Movements for orchestra (1986)

Electric Counterpoint for electric guitar or amplified acoustic guitar and tape (1987, for Pat Metheny)

The Four Sections for orchestra (1987)

Different Trains for string quartet and tape (1988)

The Cave for four voices, ensemble and video (1993, with Beryl Korot)

Duet for two violins and string ensemble (1993)

Nagoya Marimbas for two marimbas (1994)

City Life for amplified ensemble (1995)

Proverb for voices and ensemble (1995, text by Ludwig Wittgenstein)

Triple Quartet for amplified string quartet (with prerecorded tape), or three string quartets, or string orchestra (1998)

Know What Is Above You for four women’s voices and 2 tamborims (1999)

Three Tales for video projection, five voices and ensemble (1998–2002, with Beryl Korot)

Dance Patterns for 2 xylophones, 2 vibraphones and 2 pianos (2002)

Cello Counterpoint for amplified cello and multichannel tape (2003)

You Are (Variations) for voices and ensemble (2004)

For Strings (with Winds and Brass) for orchestra (1987/2004)

Variations for Vibes, Pianos, and Strings dance piece for three string quartets, four vibraphones, and two pianos (2005)

Daniel Variations for four voices and ensemble (2006)

Double Sextet for 2 violins, 2 cellos, 2 pianos, 2 vibraphones, 2 clarinets, 2 flutes or ensemble and pre-recorded tape (2007)

2x5 for 2 drum sets, 2 pianos, 4 electric guitars and 2 bass guitars (2008)

Mallet Quartet for 2 marimbas and 2 vibraphones or 4 marimbas (or solo percussion and tape) (2009)

WTC 9/11 for String Quartet and Tape (2010)

Selected discography

Drumming. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: Deutsche Grammophon and Nonesuch) So Percussion (Cantaloupe)

Music for 18 Musicians. Steve Reich and Musicians (Two recordings: ECM and Nonesuch), Grand Valley State University New Music Ensemble (Innova), Ensemble Modern (RCA).

Octet/Music for a Large Ensemble/Violin Phase. Steve Reich and Musicians (ECM)

Variations for Winds, Strings and Keyboards/Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ/ Six Pianos. San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, Edo de Waart, Steve Reich & Musicians (Deutsche Grammophon)

Tehillim/The Desert Music. Alarm Will Sound and OSSIA, Alan Pierson (Cantaloupe)

Different Trains/Electric Counterpoint. Kronos Quartet, Pat Metheny (Nonesuch)

You Are (Variations)/Cello Counterpoint. Los Angeles Master Chorale, Grant Gershon, Maya Beiser (Nonesuch)

. Various performers (Nonesuch).

Daniel Variations, with Variations for Vibes, Pianos and Strings. London Sinfonietta, Grant Gershon, Alan Pierson (Nonesuch)

Double Sextet/2x5, Eighth Blackbird and Bang on a Can (Nonesuch)

Piano Phase, transcribed for guitar, Alexandre Gérard (Catapult)

Phase to Face, a film documentary about Steve Reich by Eric Darmon & Franck Mallet (EuroArts) DVD

Further reading

D.J. Hoek. Steve Reich: A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Press, 2002.

Steve Reich. Writings about Music. Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 1974.

K. Robert Schwarz. Minimalists. Phaidon Press, 1996.

See also

Minimalist music

Steve Reich and Musicians

Notes

References

Potter, Keith (2000). ''Four Musical Minimalists: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass. Music in the Twentieth Century series. Cambridge, UK; New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.

External links

SteveReich.com - Official Website

Boosey & Hawkes, Official Publisher: biography, works list, resources

London Steve Reich Ensemble - Official website

Music and the Holocaust - Different Trains

;Interviews

A Steve Reich Interview with Christopher Abbot

Two interviews with Steve Reich by Bruce Duffie (October, 1985 & November, 1995)

Steve Reich Interview (7/98) with Richard Kessler

Time and Motion: an interview with Steve Reich, by Robert Davidson, 1999

A Steve Reich Interview with Marc Weidenbaum, 1999

"Drumming" - Interview & analysis, selected as one of the NPR 100 most important musical works of the 20th century. Realaudio format, timing: 12:46, July, 2000

Steve Reich Interview with Jakob Buhre, August 2000

In Conversation with Steve Reich, by Molly Sheridan, June 2002

Steve Reich and Beryl Korot interviewed by David Allenby, 2002

An interview in The Guardian, January 2, 2004

The Next Phase: Steve Reich talks to Richard Kessler About Redefinition and Renewal, 2004

"How Small a Thought it Takes to Fill a Whole Life" - An Interview with Not-So-Minimalist Composer Steve Reich on AdventuresInMusic.biz, 2005

A Steve Reich Interview with Hermann Kretzschmar on You Are (Variations), 2005

The beaten track, an interview with Reich, by Andrew Clements, The Guardian, October 28, 2005

An interview with Steve Reich on RTE television, National Broadcaster in Ireland, May 29, 2006

An interview with Steve Reich on musicOMH.com, October 2006

Interview: Steve Reich, by Joshua Klein, November 22, 2006.

"Steve Reich at 70" from NPR Fresh Air broadcast October 6, 2006 includes interview about "It's Gonna Rain", "Drumming", and "Tehillim" that first aired in 1999 and another on "Different Trains" from 1989 (Realaudio format, timing: 39:25)

"Video Interview (Feb. 2006)", Cité de la musique, Paris, France

"Two Arts Beating As One" - Interviews with Steve Reich and his wife Beryl Korot with video and audio clips, May 2009

;Listening

Steve Reich at UC Berkeley University Museum (November 7, 1970) Streaming audio

Steve Reich at the Whitney "October 15, 2006" MP3

Reich speaks about Daniel Variations for the South Bank Show

;Others

Classical Music Pages: Steve Reich biography

A Description/documentary of Steve Reich from Duke University, includes sound samples and quotes

EST: Steve Reich by Roger Sutherland

Music as a Gradual Process by Steve Reich

Steve Reich: You Are (Variations) premiere in LA (October 2004)

New York Fetes Composer Steve Reich at 70 from NPR

Fascinating rhythm. Celebrating Steve Reich. Article by Alex Ross from The New Yorker.

Steve Reich & Sonny Rollins winners of the Polar Music Prize for 2007 Press release of Polar Prize announcement

Category:20th-century classical composers Category:21st-century classical composers Category:Postmodern composers Category:Minimalist composers Category:Jewish American classical composers Category:Opera composers Category:Nonesuch Records artists Category:Grammy Award winners Category:ECM artists Category:Pulitzer Prize winners Category:Deutsche Grammophon artists Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters Category:Juilliard School of Music alumni Category:Cornell University alumni Category:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent Category:American Orthodox Jews Category:1936 births Category:Living people Category:Guggenheim Fellows

Steve Coleman, born September 20, 1956, is an American saxophone player, spontaneous composer, composer and band leader. His music and concepts have been a heavy influence on contemporary jazz.

Biography

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Coleman moved to New York City in 1978 and has lived in the NYC area since that time. Although he has led several groups over the years, his main group 'Steve Coleman and Five Elements' began in 1981 and is still active today.

He was one of the founders of the so-called M-Base movement, has led several groups, and has recorded extensively. Initially influenced by saxophonists Charlie Parker, Sonny Rollins, John Coltrane, Von Freeman and Bunky Green, Coleman has performed and recorded with Thad Jones, Sam Rivers, drummer Doug Hammond, Cecil Taylor, Abbey Lincoln and Dave Holland. He has incorporated many elements from the folkloric music of the African Diaspora fused with musical ideas influenced by ancient metaphysical concepts. He has stated that his main concern is the use of music as a language of sonic symbols used to express the nature of man's existence.

Coleman's work around 1990, such as the recording Black Science, is unusual for its indefinite meter. This is accomplished in many ways, but one example of this technique is composing music that involves each musician performing in different but related time spans, generally resulting in asymmetric cycles, for example a cycle of 7 against a cycle of 11. The feel of the resulting music is usually groove-based, but with a loose structure that is the consequence of the melodic, harmonic and rhythmic relationships of the various cycles. A highlight of this period is the recording The Tao of Mad Phat (fringe zones), which was recorded in front of a live studio audience.

Coleman does not agree with using categories to describe music today, in particular he does not use the term jazz. Preferring a more organic approach to music he uses the term Spontaneous Composition. According to Coleman there extends back into ancient times a tradition of musicians who have attempted to express through music the various visions and realities that they perceive, and for him this is the driving force behind many of the ‘so-called’ innovations in music (and indeed in other fields as well). He feels that the various tools and fields of inquiry that people have used (physics and metaphysics, number, language, music, dance, astronomy, etc.) are all related and present one holistic body of work.

One of the primary methods that Coleman uses to create his music is linked to two concepts: Sacred Geometry (the use of shapes to symbolically express natural principles), and Energy (the potential for change and change itself in physical, metaphysical and psychic phenomena, including Life, Growth, etc.). Coleman uses various kinds of musical structures to symbolize the Sacred Geometry and specific kinds of musical movement to reference the various states of Energy. In any event the concept of Change seems to be central to his theory. He has stated that it is the Change between the various musical structures that represents process, with the structures themselves being symbolic of various principles. Coleman believes that it is through the Spontaneous Composition of forms that these ideas can be most readily expressed, regardless of external stylistic appearances.

Reception

Pianist Vijay Iyer says: “To me, Steve [Coleman] is as important as [John] Coltrane. He has contributed an equal amount to the history of the music. He deserves to be placed in the pantheon of pioneering artists.”

Discography

Motherland Pulse (1985)

On the Edge of Tomorrow (1986)

World Expansion (1986)

Sine Die (1987)

Rhythm People (1990)

Black Science (1990)

Rhythm In Mind (1991)

Drop Kick (1992)

The Tao of Mad Phat (fringe zones) (1993)

A Tale of 3 Cities (1994)

Def Trance Beat (1994)

Myths, Modes and Means (1995)

The Way of the Cipher (1995)

Curves of Life (1995)

The Sign and The Seal (1996)

Genesis (1997)

The Opening of The Way (1997)

The Sonic Language of Myth (1998)

The Ascension To Light (1999)

Resistance Is Futile (Double CD) (2001)

Alternate Dimension Series I (2002) (FREE CD available for download at M-Base.org)

On The Rising Of The 64 Paths (2002)

Lucidarium (2003)

Elements of One (DVD documentary on Steve Coleman) (2004)

Weaving Symbolics (Double CD with DVD) (2006)

(solo album) (2007)

Harvesting Semblances and Affinities(2010)

References

External links

M-Base Web Site

Steve Coleman Blog

2008 Interview with Anil Prasad of Innerviews

Download Free Music Files

Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:People from Chicago, Illinois Category:American jazz alto saxophonists Category:American jazz composers Category:DIW Records artists Category:RCA Records artists

Stanley Crouch (born December 14, 1945, Los Angeles) is an American music and cultural critic, syndicated columnist, and novelist, perhaps best known for his jazz criticism, and his novel Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?

Biography

During the early 1970s, Crouch moved from California to New York City, where he shared a loft with tenor saxophonist David Murray above an East Village club called the Tin Palace. While working as a drummer, Crouch conducted the booking for an avant-garde jazz series at the club, as well as organizing occasional concert events at the Ladies' Fort.

Since the early 1980s, Crouch has become critical of the more progressive forms of jazz and has been associated with the opinions of Albert Murray. An ardent proselytizer for the music of Wynton Marsalis, Crouch writes the liner notes for all the trumpeter's albums. Crouch was fired from JazzTimes following his controversial article "Putting the White Man in Charge", in which he asserted that white critics elevate white jazz musicians beyond their abilities.

Crouch appeared in Ken Burns' 2001 documentary Jazz and served on the film's advisory board. He also appeared in Ken Burns' 2004 documentary .

Controversy

Crouch has reacted violently to critics and detractors. At the First Annual Jazz Awards, Crouch was invited to present an award. While reading the nominees, he made disparaging comments about two of them: trumpeter Dave Douglas and pianist Matthew Shipp. After the show, jazz critic Howard Mandel, who was chiefly responsible for creating and organizing the Jazz Awards, confronted Crouch about his earlier comments. After a short argument, Crouch punched Mandel and then was confronted by Shipp, who called Crouch "an Uncle Tom and a fucking loser". However, the two were quickly separated and a brawl was avoided.

Opinions

Crouch dismisses free jazz and jazz fusion as irrelevant parts of the jazz canon, the styles not being "real jazz." As the major theoretical/historical influence on Wynton Marsalis, the central advisor to Ken Burns for his jazz documentary, Crouch was instrumental in the lack of in-depth coverage for those styles in that production, and their invisibility in the programming to Jazz at Lincoln Center. He also maintains that white musicians have made no significant contribution to the development of jazz, and emphasizes immersion in blues as an exclusively African-American experience and an essential component to jazz technique and expression.

Crouch is a fierce critic of gangsta rap music, noting it promotes violence, criminal lifestyles and degrading attitudes toward women. With this viewpoint, he has defended Bill Cosby's remarks (see the "Pound Cake Speech") and praised a women's group at Spelman College for speaking out against rap music. Recently several of his syndicated columns have been dedicated to these subjects.

Crouch was invited to a panel of judges for the PEN/Newman's Own Award, a $25,000 award designed to protect speech as it applies to the written word.

His syndicated column for the New York Daily News frequently challenges prominent members of the African American community. Crouch has criticised, among others, author Alex Haley, the author of The Autobiography of Malcolm X and ; community leader Al Sharpton; filmmaker Spike Lee, scholar Cornel West and playwright Amiri Baraka, as well as Tupac Shakur, in reference to whom he wrote "What dredged-up scum you are willing to pay for is what scum you get, on or off stage." Crouch's controversial work has won him critical acclaim from some quarters.

In 2005, he was selected as one of the inaugural fellows by the Fletcher Foundation, which awards annual fellowships to people working on issues of race and civil rights. The fellowship program is directed by Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. of Harvard University.

In the remastered version of Ken Burns' landmark PBS documentary series, The Civil War, issued on DVD in 2002, Crouch appears in the extra features section, making several penetrating and insightful comments on U.S. history and the Confederacy. His judgment of the military acumen of the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, Robert E. Lee, is particularly negative.

Bibliography

Non-fiction

Fiction

References

External links

Hammer Conversation with Stanley Crouch and Dana Goodyear – January 18, 2006

Interview with Crouch, Loren Schoenberg, National Jazz Museum in Harlem, and Martha Bayles

Brief biography

Interview with Crouch by Ethan Iverson of The Bad Plus, mostly about "Considering Genius"

“The Bull in the Black-Intelligentsia China Shop” (Salon.com article; part of its "Brilliant Careers" series)

Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:African American writers Category:American columnists Category:American music critics Category:American music journalists Category:American novelists Category:People from New York City Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:Jazz writers Category:MacArthur Fellows

Name	Nico Muhly
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Born	August 26, 1981Vermont
Instrument	Piano, keyboards
Occupation	Composer, musician
Label	Decca/Universal Classics
Url	www.nicomuhly.com

Nico Muhly (born August 26, 1981, in Vermont) is a contemporary Western classical music composer, who has worked and recorded with classical and pop/rock musicians. He currently lives in the Chinatown section of Manhattan in New York City.

Biography

Early Years

Muhly was born in Vermont and raised in Providence, Rhode Island. His mother, Bunny Harvey, is a painter and teacher at Wellesley College, and his father, Frank Muhly, is a documentary filmmaker.

As a child, Muhly sang in the choir at Grace Episcopal Church in Providence, and he started to study piano at 10. and he worked with Philip Glass as an editor, conductor, and keyboardist. and he worked with Antony and the Johnsons' on the albums ''The Crying Light and Swanlights.

Muhly recently worked on two commissions for UK-based Britten Sinfonia, performed in January and February 2010.

The Gilmore International Keyboard Festival commissioned "Drones & Piano" for pianist Bruce Brubaker. The piece premiered in May 2010.

Upcoming projects

Muhly's first opera, a collaboration with librettist Craig Lucas, will premiere with the English National Opera in 2011 before going on to make its Metropolitan Opera debut during the 2013-2014 Season. Tentatively titled Two Boys, the co-production between the Met and the ENO will be directed by Tony Award Winner Bartlett Sher. According to a New York Times article, the opera is based on a late-1990s British case involving a 14-year-old boy taking on the online identity of women to try to get someone to kill him, without success. However, in an interview with The Advocate, Muhly stated that the opera is based on the story of an online friendship between two male teenagers, one of whom kills the other.

Projects

; Choral

(2003) Set Me as a Seal

(2004) First Service

(2004) Like as the Hart

(2005) A Good Understanding

(2005) Bright Mass With Canons

(2005) Expecting the Main Things from You

(2005) I Cannot Attain Unto It

(2006) The Sweets of Evening

(2007) Syllables

(2008) Pater Noster

(2008) Senex Puerum Portabat

(2009) I Drink the Air Before Me

; Film

(2006) Choking Man

(2006) Cricket Head

(2007) Joshua

(2006) Wonder Showzen, Clarence Special Report

(2008) The Reader

(2009) Felicitas

; Opera

(2010) Dark Sisters

(2010) Two Boys

; Incidental

(2005) Iphegenia at Aulis (”Gweek Project”)

(2007) The Magnificent Cuckold

(2008) Prayer for My Enemy

; Orchestra

(2001–2002) Fits & Bursts

(2003) Out of the Loop

(2004) By All Means

(2004) So to Speak

(2006) It Remains to be Seen

(2006) Wish You Were Here

(2007) From Here on Out

(2007) Seeing is Believing

(2008) Step Team

(2009) The Only Tune

(2009) Drones on Oh Lord, Whose Mercies Numberless

(2009) Vocalise on Al lampo dell' armi

''(2009) Impossible Things

(2010) Detailed Instructions

; Piano

(2003) Three Études for Piano

(2005) A Hudson Cycle

(2005) Pillaging Music

(2007) Skip Town

(?) Booklet

; Percussion

(2002) Beaming Music

(2003) Time after Time

(2004) It’s About Time

(2005) Pillaging Music

(2005) Ta & Clap

(2008) I Shudder to Think

; Small Ensemble

(2002) Beaming Music

(2003) Clear Music

(2003) Flexible Music

(2003) Duet No 1: Chorale Pointing Downwards

(2003) Reading into it

(2004) By All Means

(2004) You Could Have Asked Me

(2004) Ta and Clap

(2005) The Elements of Style

(2005) Stride

(2005) Pillaging Music

(2006) How About Now

(2007) I Know Where Everything Is

(2007) Principles of Uncertainty

(2008) Triade

(2008) Mothertongue

(2008) Wonders

(2008) The Only Tune

(2009) I Drink the Air Before Me

(2009) Motion

(2009) Farewell Photography

(?) Common Ground

(2010) Drones & Piano

(?) Fast Music with Folk Songs

; Solo

(2002) Radiant Music

(2003) Honest Music

(2003) A Long Line

(2004) It’s About Time

(2005) Keep in Touch

(2005) Pillaging Music

(2005) It Goes without Saying

; Voice

(2003) Employment

(2005) The Elements of Style

(2007) Mothertongue

(2007) Wonders

(2007) The Only Tune

(2008) The Adulteress

(2009) Drones on "O Lord, Whose Mercies Numberless"

(2009) Vocalise on "Al lampo dell' armi"

''(2009) Impossible Things

Arrangements and Orchestrations

(2006) Letting Go by Bonnie 'Prince' Billy''

(2007) Miserere Mei (orchestration of William Byrd's Miserere Mei)

(2007) Deus and Bow Thine Ear (orchestration of William Byrd's Deus and Bow Thine Ear)

(2008) All Is Well by Sam Amidon

(2008) "Með þér" and "Á meðan vatnið velgist" on Bestu kveðjur by Sprengjuhöllin

(2009) Confessions, a multimedia collaboration with Teitur Lassen. (2009) Various songs on Antony and the Johnsons' album The Crying Light

(2009) Various songs on Grizzly Bear's album Veckatimest

(2009) Tricks of the Trade on Mew's album No More Stories...

(2009) Year of the Dragon on Run Rabbit Run

(2010) Various songs on Antony and the Johnsons' album Swanlights

(2010) Go by Jónsi

(2010) ''I See the Sign by Sam Amidon

Recordings

2007 - Speaks Volumes (Bedroom Community HVALUR1CD) (Includes Clear Music; It Goes without Saying; Honest Music; Quiet Music; Pillaging Music; A Hudson Cycle and Keep in Touch)

2008 - Joshua (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by various artists (Moviescore Media)

2008 - Mothertongue (Bedroom Community HVALUR5CD) (Includes Mothertongue I: Archive; Mothertongue II: Shower; Mothertongue III: Hress; Mothertongue IV: Monster; Wonders: I. New Things & New Tidings "Wonders: II. The Devil Appear’d in the Shape of a Man" ; "Wonders: III. A Complaint against Thomas Weelkes"; "The Only Tune: I. The Two Sisters"; "The Only Tune: II. The Old Mill Pond"; and The Only Tune: III. The Only Tune)

2009 - The Reader (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by various artists (Lakeshore Records)

2009 - "So Far Around The Bend" by the National

2010 - "I Drink The Air Before Me" (Bedroom Community HVALUR10, Decca/Universal Classics 478 257)

2010 - "A Good Understanding" by Los Angeles Master Chorale (Includes many choral works) (Decca/Universal Classics 478 250)

References

External links

Tim Page, "High Scorer," Smithsonian Magazine, October 2007. Retrieved on 2 March 2008.

Andy Beta, "Of Transgendered Violas and Transatlanic Collaborators," City Pages, Issue: September 26, 2007, retrieved on 2 March 2008.

Rebecca Mead, "Eerily Composed: Nico Muhly’s sonic magic," The New Yorker, February 11, 2008, retrieved on 2 March 2008.

Molly Sheridan, "Composer on Fire: Defining Nico Muhly" (includes video), NewMusicBox, March 1, 2007, retrieved on 2 March 2008.

Nico Muhly, 'Walls come tumbling down," The Guardian, October 5, 2007. Retrieved from Guardian.co.uk on 2 March 2008.

List of published scores, Chester Music and Novello & Company, retrieved on 2 March 2008.

Official Web Site

Myspace Page

Nico Muhly on Brassland Records

Nico Muhly at Now magazine

Nico Muhly Bio

Category:1981 births Category:American composers Category:LGBT musicians from the United States Category:LGBT composers Category:Decca Records artists Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Vermont Category:21st-century classical composers

Name	Needlz
Background	non_performing_personnel
Birth name	Khari Cain
Born	Lansing, Michigan, United States
Genre	Hip hop
Occupation	Record producer, engineer, composer, rapper, singer
Years active	2001–present
Label	Dry Rain Entertainment
Url	www.needlz.net

Khari Cain, better known by his stage name Needlz, is an American record producer, engineer and composer.

Life and career

Needlz was born Khari Cain in Lansing, Michigan. He began to DJ while an undergraduate in Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University and Florida State University. He majored in the graduate music program a New York's prestigious NYU and was to pursue a career in artist and repertoire (A&R;). With the help of A&R; Folayan Knight, Needlz associated with Black Entertainment Television (BET) and MTV and created theme songs for Rap City and Suckafree Sundays, respectively.

Production style

Needlz chiefly produces songs in the hip hop genre. He describes his style as "an oxymoron: clean and dirty at the same time".

Production discography

{|class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Artist !Album |- |2001 |"We Don't Give a Fuck""Gonna Be Sumthin'" |Ruff Ryders | |- |- |2002 |"Miss You" |Afu-Ra |Life Force Radio |- |rowspan="5"|2003 |"Gangsta Shit" |G-Unit |Beg for Mercy |- |"Keep It Hot" |Mic Geronimo |Long Road Back |- |"Think Y'all Know" |Fabolous | |- | |Various artists |Sequence Mixtape, Vol. 1 |- |"Good God Almighty" |Nappy Roots |Wooden Leather |- |rowspan="4"|2004 |"Put Your Drinks Down" |Drag-On |Hell and Back |- |"Pass Out" |Ludacris |The Red Light District |- |"Mein Song" |Max Herre |Max Herre |- |"Bang Bang""Let Me In" |Young Buck |Straight Outta Cashville |- |rowspan="11"|2005 |"No Need for Conversation" |Fabolous |rowspan="2"|Coach Carter soundtrack |- |"Beauty Queen" |Czar*Nok |- |"Special" |The Game |The Documentary |- |"Piggy Bank""God Gave Me Style" |50 Cent |The Massacre |- |"Crack" |Cassidy |I'm a Hustla |- |"Throw It Back" |Trina |Glamorest Life |- |"No No No" |Kool Savas & Azad |One |- |"Drugs, Basket Ball, & Rap" |Talib Kweli | |- |"Put Ya Hands Up" |Norfclk | |- | |Young Buck |Let Me In EP |- |"Stopp die Party""Zähl mein Geld" |Afrob |Hammer |- |rowspan="13"|2006 |"The Pen and the Needlz" |rowspan="3"|Lupe Fiasco |Fahrenheit 1/15, Part I (The Truth Is Among Us) (Mixtape) |- |"Tilted" |Kick Push CD Single |- |"Hurt Me Soul" |Lupe Fiasco's Food & Liquor |- |"Floating" |Megan Rochell |You, Me and the Radio (Unreleased) |- |"Serius""Life In The City""Ride Out" |rowspan="2"|Serius Jones |King Me (Mixtape) |- |"Grind Mode" |Non-Album Track |- |"Get Clapped" |Lloyd Banks |Rotten Apple |- |"Here We Go Again""Shake the Room" |Jaley |Jaley |- |"Born and Raised" |Dave Chappelle |Dave Chappelle's Block Party soundtrack |- |"Hey Babe (Give Me Ya Lovin')" |Shareefa |Point of No Return |- |"Grind Boy" |Smitty |The Voice Of The Ghetto |- |"Turnt Out" |Diego Redd |Gettin Money. Gettin Paid. a Hustler's Story (Mixtape) |- |"Raised In The Mitten" |P.L. |Without Warning Vol.2 (Mixtape) |- |rowspan="6"|2007 |"Get Away" |Ria |"R. Kive" 1996-2006 |- |"Gangsta (Interlude)" |Rich Boy |Rich Boy |- |"Bust Ya Gunz" |Swizz Beatz |One Man Band Man |- |"Slow Down" |Tage |The Jerk Vol 0 (Mixtape) |- |"Nuttin' On Me" |Freeway |Free At Last |- |"My Life" |Joe Budden |Mood Muzik 3.5 |- |rowspan="13"|2009 |"Diesel" |Freeway |Month of Madness (Mixtape) |- |"One 4 The Treble""Get Dirty" |Ralph Dogg |Reckless |- |"How You Like Me Now""What Money Sounds Like""Gangsta Shit (Evasocold Mix)""Tear It Up" |Archie Eversole |Back Like I Never Left (Mixtape) |- |"We Miss You" |Busta Rhymes |Back on My B.S. |- |"Intro" |Serius Jones |Why So Serius (Mixtape) |- |"The Necessary Evils" |Skyzoo |The Salvation |- |"Walk These Streets" |Rakim |The Seventh Seal |- |"Help! (I Been Robbed)" |Serius Jones |Life Is Serius (TBR) |- |"Letter to B.I.G." |Jadakiss |The Last Kiss |- |"I'm Goin' In" |Drake |So Far Gone |- |"Gone" |Donnis |10.Deep Presents: Diary of an ATL Brave |- |"Baggage Claim" |88-Keys |non-album track |- |"Why Would She? (Needlz Remix)" |Stack Bundles |GuessWhyld Presents: Out The Vault |- |rowspan="12"|2010 |"One 4 The Treble""Get Dirty" |Ralph Dog |Reckless |- |"Dome Shotz" |Minacci featuring Young Buck |5 Mics |- |"Maybe Baby" |rowspan="2"|Donnis |The Invitation (Mixtape) |- |"OD" |Fashionably Late (Sampler) |- |"Greatest Trapper Alive" |Young Jeezy |Trap or Die 2: By All Means Necessary |- |"Yup""Eat You Alive""Lighting" (co-produced)"For The Kill" (co-produced) |Donnis |Fashionably Late (Mixtape) |- |"The Overdose""On Da Korner" |Pill |1140: The Overdose (Mixtape) |- |"The Beginning" (co-producer) |Stat Quo |Statlanta |- |"Just The Way You Are" (co-producer) |Bruno Mars |Doo-Wops & Hooligans |- |"She & H.E.R.", "Suicide ediciuS", "Stars" (co-produced) |John Regan |Sorry I'm Late |- |"Reflections" |Pill |The Medicine |- |"Right To Say" |Emilio Rojas |Life Without Shame (Mixtape) |- |}

References

External links

Official website

Category:American hip hop record producers Category:Living people Category:Florida State University alumni Category:New York University alumni Category:People from Lansing, Michigan Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Name	Mikko Tarmia
Background	non_performing_personnel
Born	1975
Origin	Mikkeli, Finland
Genre	Video game music
Occupation	Composer, Musician
Url	http://www.mikkotarmia.com

Mikko Tarmia is a Finnish video game music composer known for working with Codeblender Software, Frictional Games, and Wolfire Games. He also founded the independent record label The Sound of Fiction.

His first work was with the Macintosh developer Codeblender Software, and between 2002 and 2005 worked on four games with them. He is most well known for making the music for the Penumbra series. His record label released the soundtrack for the games in January 2010. He also worked with Frictional Games for their game , with a feature about him being included with the games special features. He is currently working with Wolfire Games for their upcoming game Overgrowth.

Games Credited

Overgrowth

Deep Trouble 2

Rally Shift

DeepTrouble

References

External links

Personal Website

The Sound of Fiction

Making of Amnesia - Composer Mikko Tarmia

Category:Living people Category:Finnish composers Category:Video game composers Category:1975 births

Name	Michael Arnold Kamen
Background	non_performing_personnel
Born	April 15, 1948New York City, New York, United States
Died	November 18, 2003London, England, United Kingdom
Occupation	Composer
Instrument	Oboe
Genre	Film score
Years active	1976–2003

Michael Arnold Kamen (April 15, 1948 – November 18, 2003) was an American composer (especially of film scores), orchestral arranger, orchestral conductor, song writer, and session musician.

Background

Kamen was born in New York City, USA. He was the second of four sons of Saul Kamen, a dentist and his teacher wife, and studied at The High School of Music & Art in New York, then at The Juilliard School in New York City. While in high school, he met and became friends with Martin Fulterman, later known as "Mark Snow," who composed the theme music for The X-Files among other projects. He was also a classmate and friend of Janis Ian. While studying the oboe, he formed a rock classical fusion band called New York Rock & Roll Ensemble, together with classmates Snow and Dorian Rudnytsky. Martin Fulterman/Mark Snow was also a member. The group would perform rock music, dressed in tuxedos. In the middle of the concert, Martin and Michael would play an oboe duet. The group backed up Janis Ian in a concert at Alice Tully Hall in late 1967.

Early work

Kamen's early work centered on ballets, thirteen in all, then expanding into Hollywood by writing the score for The Next Man in 1976, then into pop and rock arranging, collaborating with Pink Floyd on their album, The Wall.

Career in popular music

Kamen became a highly-sought arranger in the realms of pop and rock music. His contemporaries in this field included Academy Award winner Anne Dudley, Richard Niles, and Nick Ingman. His successes include his work with Pink Floyd, David Gilmour and Roger Waters (he is one of the few people to have been invited to work with both former Pink Floyd members, after their acrimonious split), as well as Queen (orchestration on Who Wants To Live Forever), Eric Clapton (on Edge of Darkness), Roger Daltrey, Aerosmith (live orchestral version of Dream On for MTV), Tom Petty, David Bowie, Bryan Ferry, Eurythmics, Queensrÿche, Rush, Metallica (on their live album, S&M;), Def Leppard, Herbie Hancock, The Cranberries, Bryan Adams, Jim Croce, Sting, and Kate Bush. For Bush, Kamen delivered an orchestral backing for "Moments of Pleasure" from The Red Shoes album, substantially building upon a simple piano theme Bush had composed. In this instance, and many others, he conducted the orchestra personally for the recording. In 1984, Kamen had similarly heightened the impact of a pop recording for the Eurythmics "Here Comes the Rain Again", that score relying as much on his compositional skills as his arranging talents. Five years later, he did the music for For Queen and Country.

In 1990, Kamen joined many other guests for Roger Waters' performance of The Wall in Berlin and headed the National Philharmonic Orchestra during the 24 Nights sessions with Eric Clapton the following year.

Lenny Kravitz recorded a cover of "Fields of Joy" on his 1991 CD Mama Said that Michael co-wrote with Hal Fredricks.

In 2002, he was part of the Concert for George as string conductor.

Kamen had a very successful partership with Bryan Adams and R.J. Lange composing scores and songs. The ballad "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" for the 1991 film would be the number one song of that year, worldwide. Other songs would be "All For Love" for the movie "The Three Musketeers" in 1993, and "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" the song from the film "Don Juan DeMarco" in 1995.

Career as film composer and other works

Kamen wrote eleven ballets, a saxophone concerto and a guitar concerto (with Japanese guitarist Tomoyasu Hotei as a soloist). Additionally, he wrote a commissioned work, "Quintet," for the Canadian Brass. He also provided scores for the films such as Back to Gaya, The Dead Zone, For Queen and Country, Polyester, Brazil, Someone To Watch Over Me, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, The Three Musketeers, Highlander, X-Men, , Licence to Kill, the Lethal Weapon series, the first three films of the Die Hard series, Mr. Holland's Opus, The Iron Giant, Splitting Heirs, Frequency, and many others. To this day the overture from is used by Morgan Creek Productions for its logo, while New Line's corresponding theme is the opening segment of a track from Highlander. He also scored both the From the Earth to the Moon and Band of Brothers series on HBO. The trailer for the 2008 Disney/Pixar release WALL-E featured Kamen's 'Central Services / The Office' from his Brazil 1985 OST.

In television, his best known work was on the 1985 BBC Television serial Edge of Darkness, on which he collaborated with Eric Clapton to write the score. The pair were awarded with a British Academy Television Award for Best Original Television Music for their work and performed the main movie theme with the National Philharmonic Orchestra at the Royal Albert Hall of London in 1990 and 1991. In 1994, Kamen conducted an orchestration of The Who's music for Roger Daltrey's 50th birthday concert series entitled Celebration: The Music of Pete Townshend and The Who which was subsequently released on CD and DVD. He also worked with heavy metal band Metallica, on a two day concert that was held in Berkeley, California, with the San Francisco Symphony. The S&M; album debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200, won a Grammy for the "Best Rock Instrumental Performance" in 2000 and went multi-platinum in 2001.

Kamen was nominated for two Academy Awards and won three Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Ivor Novello Awards, an Annie Award and an Emmy.

Later years

His involvement with Mr. Holland's Opus, a film about a frustrated composer who finds fulfillment as a high school music teacher, led Kamen to create The Mr. Holland's Opus Foundation in 1996. The foundation supports music education through the donation of new and refurbished musical instruments to underserved school and community music programs and individual students in the United States. In 2005 the foundation created an emergency fund for schools and students affected by Hurricane Katrina.

In 1999, Michael Kamen and the San Francisco Symphony constructed and performed a concert with Metallica. This concert was released as a live album on DVD, VHS and CD, under the title S&M; (an acronym for "Symphony and Metallica"). In 2001 and 2002, he performed with David Gilmour at Gilmour's semi-unplugged shows at the Royal Festival Hall playing piano and cor anglais. The 2001 concert and highlights from 2002 were released as a DVD called David Gilmour in Concert.

In 2002, Kamen, along with Julian Lloyd Webber, Dame Evelyn Glennie, and Sir James Galway launched the Music Education Consortium in the UK. The consortium's efforts led to the injection of £332 million for music-education in the UK. He was also commissioned to write piece for the opening ceremonies of the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.

Kamen was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1997, and died in London from a heart attack in 2003, at the age of 55. His last recorded work appeared on Bryan Adams's album Room Service where he played the oboe and wrote the orchestration to "I Was Only Dreamin'". Kamen had also completed the charts for accompaniment to two songs on Kate Bush's album Aerial, which was released in November 2005. Some of Bush's fans, pleased by Kamen's scoring of "Moments of Pleasure" from Bush's 1993 album The Red Shoes, expressed gratitude when it became known that the work had been finished.

In 2004, when Annie Lennox accepted the Academy Award for Best Original Song (her composition "Into the West" from ), she dedicated her achievement to the memory of Kamen.

The 2004 movie The First Daughter was dedicated to the memory of Michael Kamen.

David Gilmour's 2006 album On an Island was dedicated in his and longtime Pink Floyd manager Steve O'Rourke's memories.

Michael Kamen was survived by his wife, Sandra Keenan-Kamen, and by his daughters, Sasha and Zoe.

References

External links

Film Composer Tributes - Michael Kamen

Discussion of other composers' music appropriated in three Kamen scores

Michael Kamen at Soundtrackguide.net

Michael Kamen interview (in french) at UnderScores : Musique & Cinéma

Category:American film score composers Category:Jewish American composers and songwriters Category:Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts alumni Category:People from New York City Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:1948 births Category:2003 deaths Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Robin Hood music Category:Juilliard School of Music alumni Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in England

James Mtume (born James Forman in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a jazz and R&B; musician (primarily a percussionist) and a radio personality. Mtume's group (also called Mtume) is perhaps best known for their 1983 R&B; hit song "Juicy Fruit". The song was sampled by The Notorious B.I.G. in his song "Juicy". The song was also sampled for the Jennifer Lopez song "Loving You" from her This Is Me... Then album, and by Warren G on the song "Do You See" from his Regulate... G Funk Era album. The song was also sampled by Wreckx-N-Effect. Mtume the band also had a Top Five R&B; hit with the single "You, Me, and He". Mtume is the son of jazz saxophonist Jimmy Heath, and James Mtume also worked with Miles Davis between 1971 and 1975. He also worked as a session musician with Players Association. Mtume has done on-air radio personality work at New York's KISS 98.7 FM.

External links

Category:Living people Category:American musicians Category:Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Name	Hans Zimmer
Landscape	yes
Background	non_performing_personnel
Birth name	Hans Florian Zimmer
Born	September 12, 1957
Origin	Frankfurt, Germany
Instrument	Piano, keyboard, guitar
Genre	Film score
Occupation	Film composer
Years active	1977–present
Label	Remote Control Productions
Url	http://www.hans-zimmer.com

Hans Florian Zimmer (born September 12, 1957) is a German film score composer and music producer. For nearly three decades he has composed music for over 100 films including some critically acclaimed film scores, such as The Lion King, Gladiator, and The Dark Knight. Some of his recent works are Frost/Nixon (2008), Angels & Demons (2009), Sherlock Holmes (2009), Inception (2010), and Megamind (2010).

Zimmer spent the early part of his career in the United Kingdom before moving to the United States. He is the head of the film music division at DreamWorks studios, and works with other composers through the company which he founded, Remote Control Productions.

His works are notable for integrating electronic music sounds with traditional orchestral arrangements. He has received four Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, a Classical BRIT Award, and an Academy Award. Zimmer is also ranked Number 72 on the list of the "Top 100 living geniuses", published by The Daily Telegraph.

Early life and career

Zimmer was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and moved to London as a teenager, where he attended Hurtwood House school. In an interview with the German television station ZDF in 2006, he commented: "My father died when I was just a child, and I escaped somehow into the music and music has been my best friend." Zimmer began his career playing keyboards and synthesizers. He worked with The Buggles, a New Wave band formed in 1977 with Trevor Horn, Geoff Downes, and Bruce Woolley. Zimmer can be seen briefly in The Buggles' music video for the 1979 song "Video Killed the Radio Star". After working with The Buggles, he started to work for the Italian group Krisma, a New Wave band formed in 1976 with Maurizio Arcieri and Christina Moser. He was a featured synthesist for Krisma’s third album, Cathode Mamma. He has also worked with the band Helden (with Warren Cann from Ultravox). In the 1980s, Zimmer partnered with Stanley Myers, a prolific film composer who wrote the scores for over sixty films. Zimmer and Myers co–founded the London–based Lillie Yard recording studio. Together, Myers and Zimmer worked on fusing the traditional orchestral sound with electronic instruments. Some of the films on which Zimmer and Myers worked are Moonlighting (1982), Success is the Best Revenge (1984), Insignificance (1985), and My Beautiful Launderette (1985). Zimmer's first solo score was Terminal Exposure for director Nico Mastorakis in 1987, for which he also wrote the songs. Zimmer acted as score producer for the 1988 film The Last Emperor, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Score.

Hollywood film scoring

A turning point in Zimmer's career occurred with the 1988 film Rain Man. In the score, Zimmer uses synthesizers (mostly a Fairlight CMI) mixed with steel drums. Zimmer explained that "It was a road movie, and road movies usually have jangly guitars or a bunch of strings. I kept thinking don't be bigger than the characters. Try to keep it contained. The Raymond character doesn't actually know where he is. The world is so different to him. He might as well be on Mars. So, why don't we just invent our own world music for a world that doesn't really exist?". Zimmer’s score for Rain Man was nominated for an Academy Award in 1989, and the film won four Academy Awards including Best Picture.

A year after Rain Man, Zimmer was asked to compose the score for Bruce Beresford's Driving Miss Daisy which, like Rain Man, won an Academy Award for Best Picture. Driving Miss Daisy’s instrumentation consisted entirely of synthesizers and samplers, played by Zimmer. According to an interview with Sound On Sound magazine in 2002, the piano sounds heard within the score come from the Roland MKS–20, a rackmount synthesizer. Zimmer joked: "It didn't sound anything like a piano, but it behaved like a piano."

1991's Thelma & Louise soundtrack by Zimmer featured the trademark slide guitar performance by Pete Haycock on the "Thunderbird" theme in the film. As a teenager, Zimmer was a fan of Haycock, and their collaboration on film scores includes K2 and Drop Zone.

For the 1992 film The Power of One, Zimmer traveled to Africa in order to use African choirs and drums in the recording of the score. On the strength of this work, Disney Animation Studios approached Zimmer to compose the score for the 1994 film The Lion King. This was to be his first score for an animated film. Zimmer said that he had wanted to go to South Africa to record parts of the soundtrack, but was unable to visit the country as he had a police record there "for doing 'subversive' movies" after his work on The Power of One. Disney studio bosses expressed fears that Zimmer would be killed if he went to South Africa, so the recording of the choirs was organized during a visit by Lebo M. Zimmer won numerous awards for his work on The Lion King, including an Academy Award for Best Music (Original Score), a Golden Globe, and two Grammys. In 1997, the score was adapted into a Broadway musical version which won the Tony Award for Best Musical in 1998.

Zimmer's score for Crimson Tide (1995) won a Grammy Award for the main theme, which makes heavy use of synthesizers in place of traditional orchestral instruments. For The Thin Red Line (1998), Zimmer said that the director Terrence Malick wanted the music before he started filming, so he recorded six and a half hours of music. Bruckheimer wanted Zimmer to rescore the film, but due to his commitments on The Last Samurai, the task of composing and supervising music for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl was given to Klaus Badelt, one of Zimmer's colleagues at Media Ventures. Zimmer provided some themes that were used in the film, although he is not credited on screen. Zimmer was hired as the composer for the two subsequent films in the series, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest (2006) and (2007).

Zimmer is also noted for his work on the scores of Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins (2005) and The Dark Knight (2008), on which he collaborated with James Newton Howard. Zimmer succeeded in reversing the decision not to nominate The Dark Knight in December 2008, arguing that the process of creating a modern film score was collaborative, and that it was important to credit a range of people who had played a part in its production. Zimmer explained his approach to scoring with other musicians in an interview with Soundtrack.net in 2006:

"Originally I had this idea that it should be possible to create some kind of community around this kind of work, and I think by muddying the titles - not having "you are the composer, you are the arranger, you are the orchestrator" - it just sort of helped us to work more collaboratively. It wasn't that important to me that I had "score by Hans Zimmer" and took sole credit on these things. It's like Gladiator: I gave Lisa Gerrard the co-credit because, even though she didn't write the main theme, her presence and contributions were very influential. She was more than just a soloist, and this is why I have such a problem with specific credits."

Zimmer works with other composers through his company Remote Control Productions, formerly known as Media Ventures. His studio in Santa Monica, California has an extensive range of computer equipment and keyboards, allowing demo versions of film scores to be created quickly. His colleagues at the studio have included Steve Jablonsky, James Dooley, Geoff Zanelli, Henning Lohner, Harry Gregson-Williams, Mark Mancina, John Van Tongeren, John Powell and Thomas J.Bergersen.

In October 2000, Zimmer performed live in concert for the first time with an orchestra and choir at the 27th Annual Flanders International Film Festival in Ghent. He has received a range of honors and awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award in film Composition from the National Board of Review, the Frederick Loewe Award in 2003 at the Palm Springs International Film Festival, ASCAP’s Henry Mancini Award for Lifetime Achievement, and BMI's Richard Kirk Award for lifetime achievement in 1996. Recent work includes the Spanish language film Casi Divas Sherlock Holmes and The Burning Plain (2009). He composed the theme for the television boxing series The Contender, and worked with Lorne Balfe on the music for , which was his first video game project.

In December 2010, Zimmer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He dedicated the award to his publicist and long term friend Ronni Chasen, who was shot dead in Beverly Hills the previous month.

Zimmer lives in Los Angeles with his wife Suzanne, and has four children.

Discography

Composer

{| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"| 1982

Moonlighting (with Stanley Myers)

1984

(with Stanley Myers)

Eureka (with Stanley Myers)

Success Is the Best Revenge (with Stanley Myers)

1985

My Beautiful Laundrette (with Stanley Myers)

Insignificance (with Stanley Myers)

1986

Separate Vacations (with Stanley Myers)

The Lightship (with Stanley Myers)

Castaway (with Stanley Myers)

1987

Terminal Exposure (with Stanley Myers)

Going for Gold (TV) - Opening and closing title themes

1988

Burning Secret

Rain Man (Oscar Nomination)

Paperhouse (with Stanley Myers)

Nightmare at Noon (with Stanley Myers)

Maniac City (with Stanley Myers)

A World Apart

First Born (TV Movie)

Taffin (with Stanley Myers)

The Nature of the Beast (with Stanley Myers)

Spies Inc. (with Fiachra Trench)

The Fruit Machine

1989

Black Rain

Driving Miss Daisy

Twister

Diamond Skulls

New Music in Films

1990

Chicago Joe and the Showgirl (with Shirley Walker)

Green Card

Pacific Heights

Fools of Fortune

Days of Thunder

Bird on a Wire

Dark Obsession (with Stanley Myers)

1991

Thelma & Louise

Regarding Henry

Backdraft

K2

White Fang (with Basil Poledouris)

1992

Toys

Radio Flyer

Where Sleeping Dogs Lie (with Mark Mancina)

A League Of Their Own

The Power of One

(with Mark Mancina) - Main Theme

1993

Younger and Younger

The House of the Spirits

True Romance (theme based on Gassenhauer by Carl Orff)

Point of No Return

Calendar Girl

Cool Runnings (with Nick Glennie-Smith)

1994

Drop Zone

Renaissance Man

I'll Do Anything

The Lion King (Golden Globe & Oscar Winner)

The Critic

1995

Nine Months

Beyond Rangoon

Crimson Tide (Grammy Winner)

Two Deaths

Something to Talk About (with Graham Preskett)

1996

The Preacher's Wife (Oscar Nomination)

The Fan

Muppet Treasure Island

The Whole Wide World (with Harry Gregson-Williams)

The Rock (with Nick Glennie-Smith and Harry Gregson-Williams)

Broken Arrow

| style="width:50%;"| 1997

As Good As It Gets (Oscar Nomination)

The Peacemaker

Smilla's Sense of Snow (with Harry Gregson-Williams)

1998

The Thin Red Line (Oscar Nomination)

The Prince of Egypt (Golden Globe & Oscar Nomination)

The Last Days

1999

Chill Factor (with John Powell)

2000

An Everlasting Piece

Gladiator (with Lisa Gerrard) (Golden Globe Winner, Oscar Nomination)

The Road to El Dorado (with John Powell)

2001

Black Hawk Down

Riding in Cars with Boys

Pearl Harbor (Golden Globe Nomination)

Hannibal

Invincible (with Klaus Badelt)

The Pledge (with Klaus Badelt)

2002

The Ring

(Golden Globe Nomination)

2003

The Last Samurai (Golden Globe Nomination)

Something's Gotta Give (Last-minute replacement score, composed with several other composers)

(uncredited, with Klaus Badelt et al.)

Matchstick Men

Tears of the Sun

''Johnny English (theme song co-written with Robbie Williams)

2004

Spanglish (Golden Globe Nomination)

Laura's Star (with Nick Glennie-Smith)

Shark Tale

King Arthur

Thunderbirds

2005

The Weather Man (with James S. Levine)

Der kleine Eisbär 2 - Die geheimnisvolle Insel (with Nick Glennie-Smith)

Madagascar (with Heitor Pereira, James Dooley)

Batman Begins (with James Newton Howard)

2006

The Da Vinci Code (Golden Globe Nomination)

The Holiday

2007

The Simpsons Movie

2008

Casi Divas

The Dark Knight (with James Newton Howard) (Grammy Winner)

Kung Fu Panda (with John Powell)

The Burning Plain (with Omar Rodríguez-López)

Frost/Nixon (Golden Globe Nomination)

2009

Angels & Demons

Sherlock Holmes (Oscar Nomination)

It's Complicated (with Heitor Pereira)

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (Video Game) (Main Themes - Score Producer)

2010

The Pacific (Main theme only; score composed by Geoff Zanelli and Blake Neely)

Despicable Me

Inception

Megamind (with Lorne Balfe)

How Do You Know

2011

Rango

Kung Fu Panda 2 (with John Powell)

Winnie the Pooh (with Henry Jackman)

Jealous of the Birds (Documentary)

The Dilemma

Ra.One (First Bollywood project)

Sherlock Holmes 2

2012

The Dark Knight Rises (with James Newton Howard)

|}

Executive score producer

{| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"| 1987

The Last Emperor (Music by Cong Su, Ryuichi Sakamoto and David Byrne)

1996

Twister (Music by Mark Mancina)

White Squall (Music by Jeff Rona)

1997

Face/Off (Music by John Powell)

The Borrowers (Music by Harry Gregson-Williams)

1998

Antz (Music by Harry Gregson-Williams and John Powell)

Endurance (Music by John Powell)

With Friends Like These... (Music by John Powell)

2002

Live from Baghdad (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

2001

I Am Sam (Music by John Powell)

2003

(Music by Klaus Badelt)

2004

Ella Enchanted (Music by Nick Glennie-Smith)

House of D (Music by Geoff Zanelli)

2005

All the Invisible Children (Music by Ramin Djawadi)

Blood+ (Music by Mark Mancina)

The Island (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

Wallace and Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (Music by Julian Nott)

| style="width:50%;"| 2006

Ask The Dust (Music by Heitor Pereira and Ramin Djawadi)

Curious George (Music by Heitor Pereira)

Over the Hedge (Music by Rupert Gregson-Williams)

The Prestige (Music by David Julyan)

Urmel Aus Dem Eis (Music by James Dooley)

2007

August Rush (Music by Mark Mancina)

Bee Movie (Music by Rupert Gregson-Williams)

Transformers (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

2008

Vantage Point (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

Babylon A.D. (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

Running the Sahara (Music by Heitor Pereira)

Iron Man (Music by Ramin Djawadi)

2009

Monsters vs. Aliens (Music by Henry Jackman)

The 4th Kind (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

(Music by Steve Jablonsky)

Sherlock Holmes

2010

Season of the Witch (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

(Music by Harry Gregson-Williams)

A Nightmare on Elm Street (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

Clash of the Titans (Music by Ramin Djawadi)

2011

(Music by Steve Jablonsky)

The Eagle (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

Ironclad (Music by Lorne Balfe)

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Awards

Nominations are listed below. Nominations won are listed in bold. {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Academy Awards

1989: Rain Man

1994: The Lion King

1997: The Preacher's Wife

1998: As Good As It Gets

1999: The Prince of Egypt

1999: The Thin Red Line

2001: Gladiator

2010: Sherlock Holmes

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Golden Globe Awards

1995: ''The Lion King

1999: The Prince of Egypt

2001: Gladiator

2002: Pearl Harbor

2003: (Best Original Song)

2004: The Last Samurai

2005: Spanglish

2007: The Da Vinci Code

2009: Frost/Nixon

2011: Inception

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Grammy Awards

1991: Driving Miss Daisy

1994: The Lion King (Best Instrumental Arrangement With Accompanying Vocals)

1994: The Lion King (Best Musical Album For Children)

1996: Crimson Tide

2001: Gladiator (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2007:

2007: The Da Vinci Code

2009: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

| style="width:50%;"|

BAFTAS

1992: Thelma & Louise

1995: The Lion King

2001: Gladiator (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2009: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Saturn Awards

1993: Toys - Shared with Trevor Horn

1996: Crimson Tide

1997: The Rock (Shared with Harry Gregson-Williams and Nick Glennie-Smith)

1999: The Prince of Egypt

2001: The Road to El Dorado (Shared with John Powell)

2001: Gladiator (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2006: Batman Begins (Shared with James Newton Howard)

2009: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

2010: Sherlock Holmes

| style="width:50%;"|

Satellite Awards

1999: The Thin Red Line

2001: Gladiator

2002: Hannibal

2004: The Last Samurai

2007: The Da Vinci Code

2011: Inception

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Emmys

2010: The Pacific (Outstanding Music Composition For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special) | style="width:50%;"|

Tonys

1998: The Lion King (musical) (Best Original Score)

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Annies

2008: Kung Fu Panda (Music in an Animated Feature Production)

2008: Secrets of the Furious Five (Music in an Animated Television Production or Short Form )

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Classical BRIT Awards

2001: Gladiator (Album of the Year) (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2008: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

|}

References

External links

Interview with Hans Zimmer in Film Score Monthly

Interview with Hans Zimmer about Sherlock Holmes from C Music TV

Focus.De

Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:German film score composers Category:German composers Category:People from Frankfurt Category:1957 births Category:Living people *1

Ervin V. Somogyi (born 1944) is a pioneer of steel string guitar making. Considered to be one of its leading practitioners and authorities, he is most highly regarded for the high level of his craftsmanship, the originality of his designs, and especially for his control of the voicing and the sound of this instruments. He is also an influential teacher who has helped shape the work of many of the new generation of up-and-coming American, European, and Japanese instrument builders.

Biography

Born in Budapest, Hungary, Ervin Somogyi fled Europe with his family during World War II. After living in Austria, England, Cuba and Mexico, he eventually moved to the United States at age 15. After graduating from UC Berkeley with a degree in English, he joined the Peace Corps, worked in a mental hospital, attended graduate school and supported himself as a flamenco guitarist, but he eventually gravitated back to the East Bay, which has been his home base since about 1972, he says. Building guitars started out as a hobby. At first, Somogyi had little hope of making a living at it, he says. With few how-to books available or schools where he could take classes, he learned primarily by getting his hands on some well-made instruments and studying them. “It was a very oddball activity,” he says. Now, as one of the “grand old men” of American lutherie, Somogyi is often invited to lecture at guitar shows and exhibitions. and George Winston list Somogyi as the builder of their guitars for several past and present albums.

Contributions to Lutherie & Education

Ervin Somogyi is best known for the high level of his craftsmanship, his original designs, and his control of the voicing and sound of his instruments.

Guitar Models and Performance

Somogyi makes six main models of acoustic steel string guitars: jumbo, dreadnought, "modified dreadnought" or Mod-D, OM, OOO and OO models. He can make any of these models in a 12-Fret version .

Recordings Made with Somogyi Guitars

Somogyi guitars are frequently played and recorded with by world-class performing artists. To date some of the recording projects have been:

Shun Komatsubara, "Dear", Abend Compact Disc; "Naturally", "Scene", “Crayons”, Clip Records Masaaki Kishibe, "Secret" Maurizio Angeletti, "Go Fly a Kite", Moondance Records Pat Donohue, "Manhattan to Memphis", Red House Records; "Life Stories", "Back Roads", Blue Sky Records Steve Erquiaga, "Erkiology", Windham Hill Records; "Cafe Paradiso", Imaginary Road Records Edward Gerhard, "Night Birds", Reckless Records; "Luna" and "Christmas", Virtue Records Mark O"Connor, "Live with Stephane Grapelli and David Grisman", "False Dawn" and "Stone From Which the Arch Was Made", Warner Bros. Records Brother Andrew, "Flying Guitars", AMB Productions Alex de Grassi, "Southern Exposure", "Slow Circle"; Windham Hill Records Will Ackerman, "Past Light", Windham Hill Records Greg Gumbel, "California Republic", Meticulous Records, Inc. Steve Hancoff, "Steel String Guitar", "New Orleans Guitar Solos", “Duke Ellington for Solo Guitar”, Out of Time . . . Music Co. Daniel Hecht, "Willow", Windham Hill Records Maggie Sansone, "Dulcimer and Guitar" Alan Tower, "The Understory - Messages of Intimacy From the Thinking Earth", Geomantic Music Michael Hedges, "Breakfast In The Field", Windham Hill Records 8th Avenue String Band, "On Stage", 8th Ave. String Band Music The Natives, "East of the Equator", Meticulous Records, Inc. The California Guitar Trio, "Pathways", “Rocks the West”, Discipline (GM); Isato Nakagawa, “Wind From the Sun”, Naniwa Records; “It’s Time For Tea”, Sony Music Peta, “Majin No Mizuumi”, “Powder Snow”, Sailing Ice Music

Exhibitions

Somogyi has participated in many guitar exhibitions, conventions, and symposia in the USA, Canada, and Japan over the last forty-plus years.

In 2006 Somogyi curated the first public exhibition of contemporary lutherie arts anywhere, for the Arts Commission of the City of Berkeley, California. The show detailed various stages of guitar and ukulele construction as practiced by working luthiers. The display was connected by a well-organized narrative signage that made otherwise dry woodworking processes intelligible and interesting to the public. An animated diorama of this special exhibit can be seen on Somogyi’s website. In 2009 Somogyi helped curate an exhibition of California guitar makers for the Oakland Museum, for display at the Oakland International Airport.

References

Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:Guitar makers Category:American people of Hungarian descent Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni

Name	Emily Bear
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Emily Bear
Born	August 30, 2001
Origin	Illinois, USA
Instrument	Piano
Years active	2007-present
Genre	Classical, Jazz
Occupation	Pianist, Composer

Emily Bear (born August 30, 2001) is a pianist and composer from Rockford, Illinois.

When Emily was 2 years old, her grandmother recognized her talent at the piano. Bear began to study with Emilio del Rosario at the Music Institute of Chicago. Within 4 years she was enrolled for study of classical music at the Winnetka campus. Besides her extraordinary talent at the piano, Bear started to compose her own music at the age of three. At 8 years, she has already composed more than 350 pieces - and much of her work - both composition and improvisation - is of the more difficult, 20th Century genre, inclusive of Jazz elements. For her piece Northern Lights she won the ASCAP Foundation Morton Gould Young Composer Award for composers under 18 years of age.

Bear has made five appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, played at the White House for President Bush when she was 6, and played a complete Mozart concerto from memory with the Champaign-Urbana Symphony Orchestra.

Dates & Performances

October 3, 2007 - The Ellen DeGeneres Show

November 23, 2007 - The Ellen DeGeneres Show

January 8, 2008 - Radio feature: Note By Note: The Making of Steinway L1037

March 24, 2008 - White House

March 28, 2008 - ASCAP 2008 Morton Gould Young Composer Award

April 13, 2008 - 2008 Music Institute of Chicago Gala on May 7, 2008

April 13, 2008 - RAMI Outstanding Achievement Award

April 15, 2008 - New CD "The Love in Us" released, Web Shop.

August 3, 2008 - The Elllen DeGeneres Favorite Moments Montage

August 3, 2008 - WFMT's Introductions Radio Program on September 20, 2008

September 7, 2008 - Ravinia Festival in Chicago, IL

October 3, 2008 - Grand Opening of Chicago's American Girl Place

October 26, 2008 - Master Class with Lang Lang

November 13, 2008 - New CD "Once Upon A Wish" released, Web Shop.

November 17, 2008 - The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Video

February 15, 2009 - Emily (piano) and her sister Lauren (harp) perform at Music In The Loft

March 28, 2009 - Rockford Symphony Orchestra

April 11, 2009 - Champaign-Urbana Symphony Orchestra

April 17, 2009 - Harris Theater for Music and Dance, Chicago 25th Anniversary Season Benefit Performance

April 26, 2009 - Luxury Living Expo

April 28, 2009 - Emily on Ellen DeGeneres Show

May 2, 2009 - 5th Annual Big Mac Under Glass Gala

May 9, 2009 - Noche de Niños Gala

January 5, 2010 - The Ellen DeGeneres Show

November 9, 2010 - Dancing with the Stars

assembled from Emily Bear's Official homepage

Discography

Five Years Wise (2007)

The Love In Us (2008)

Once Upon A Wish (2008)

Always True (2009)

Hope (2010)

References

External links

Official site

Fan Forum

The Next Mozart? WGN feature

Category:American pianists Category:Musicians from Illinois Category:American child musicians Category:American composers Category:Living people Category:2001 births

Name	Charlie Clouser
Caption	Clouser in 2007
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Birth name	Charles Alexander Clouser
Born	June 28, 1963
Origin	Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
Instrument	Synthesizers, drums, bass guitar, theremin
Genre	Electronica, industrial metal
Occupation	Keyboardist, composer, producer, remixer
Associated acts	Nine Inch Nails, Burning Retina, Danny Lohner

Charles Alexander "Charlie" Clouser (, born June 28, 1963) is an American musician whose activities include playing keyboard, synth, theremin, and drums. He is known for his abilities in music programming, engineering, mixing, and remixing. He was a member of the band Nine Inch Nails 1994–2000. Before he was in Nine Inch Nails, he was in the alternative band Burning Retna with former L.A. Guns guitarist Mick Cripps and fellow Nothing Records worker Sean Beavan. Clouser also was a member of the band 9 Ways to Sunday who released a self titled album in 1990. Clouser has remixed artists such as Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Rammstein and Meat Beat Manifesto.

In 2004 Clouser produced the album Size Matters by the band Helmet, which consisted mainly of collaborations between Charlie Clouser and Page Hamilton, intended to be a Page Hamilton "solo" album. The first release from the project "Throwing Punches" appeared on a soundtrack in 2003 for the film Underworld credited as a Page Hamilton track.

In the late 1990s Clouser created one of FirstCom music's master series discs. These were only sold with licence to use commercially.

Two songs programmed by Clouser were nominated for Grammy Awards in 1997: White Zombie's "I'm Your Boogie Man" and Rob Zombie and Alice Cooper's "Hands of Death (Burn Baby Burn)," the latter of which Clouser also co-wrote and mixed.

He worked with Trent Reznor on the soundtrack of Natural Born Killers, helping record and produce a new version of "Something I Can Never Have," a track of which original version appeared on Nine Inch Nails' Pretty Hate Machine album. The remix of Rob Zombie's "Dragula" can be found on The Matrix , also credited to Clouser. Another Rob Zombie track remixed by Clouser, "Reload", appears on The Matrix Reloaded . He produced Helmet's album Size Matters and the unfinished project with Page Hamilton called Gandhi.

He provided the live synth for Alec Empire's "Intelligence And Sacrifice" tour in 2001.

He appears in the Moog documentary about electronic-music pioneer Robert Moog and composed the song "I Am a Spaceman" for the original soundtrack of that movie.

Clouser has also worked as a film and television composer, scoring the Saw series of films, as well as Death Sentence (2007), (2007), Dead Silence (2007), and Deepwater (2005). On television, he is the composer for the NBC TV series Las Vegas Freeway, and the CBS series NUMB3RS.

For the film Saw, he composed the ending theme "Hello Zepp".

Personal life

Charlie was born in Hanover, New Hampshire. He married his long-time girlfriend, photographer and model Zoe Wiseman in the summer of 2007.

Discography

9 Ways to Sunday

9 Ways to Sunday (1990)

12 Rounds

Pleasant Smell (1998)

Alec Empire

Live at Fuji-Rock (2001)

Apartment 26

Music for the Massive (2004)

Black Light Burns

Cruel Melody (2007)

Burning Retna

Frozen Lies (2006)

Collide

Vortex (2004)

Live at the El Rey (2005)

David Bowie

I'm Afraid of Americans (1997)

Seven (2000)

Best of Bowie (2002)

Deltron 3030

Positive Contact (2001)

Die Krupps

The Final Remixes (1994)

Rings of Steel (1995)

Fire (1997)

Esthero

Breath from Another (1998)

Heaven Sent (1998)

FAT

Down Time (1995)

Foetus

Blow (2001)

Fuel

Natural Selection (2003)

Helmet

Size Matters (2004)

John Frusciante

Shadows Collide with People (2004)

Killing Joke

Democracy (1996)

Marilyn Manson

Portrait of an American Family (1994)

"Lunchbox" (1994)

Smells Like Children (1995)

"Sweet Dreams" (1995)

Antichrist Superstar (1996)

"Tourniquet Pt. 2" (1997)

(2004)

Meat Beat Manifesto

Asbestos Lead Asbestos (1996)

Nine Inch Nails

The Downward Spiral (1994)

Further Down the Spiral (1995)

The Perfect Drug (1997)

Closure (1997)

The Day the World Went Away (1999)

The Fragile (1999)

Into the Void (1999)

Starfuckers, Inc. (1999)

Things Falling Apart (2000)

And All That Could Have Been (2002)

A Perfect Circle

eMOTIVe (2004)

Prong

Broken Peace (1994)

Rude Awakening (1996)

Puscifer

Don't Shoot the Messenger EP (2007)

Radiator

Black Shine (remix) (1998)

Rammstein

Stripped (1998)

Reach 454

Reach 454 (2003)

Real McCoy

Another Night (1994, 1995)

Rob Zombie

The Great American Nightmare (1997)

Hellbilly Deluxe (1998)

Dragula (1998)

Living Dead Girl (1999)

American Made Music to Strip By (1999)

Remix-a-Go-Go (1999)

The Best of Rob Zombie (2006)

Schwein

Son of Schweinstein (2001)

Snake River Conspiracy

Pre-Fatty Tingle (2000)

Sonic Jihad (2000)

Splattercell

AH - ReMiKSiS (2000)

Type O Negative

Cinnamon Girl (1997)

D-Side 1 (2000)

Least Worst Of (2000)

White Zombie

(1995)

More Human than Human (1995)

Real Solution #9 (1995)

Ratfinks, Suicide Tanks and Cannibal Girls (1996)

Supersexy Swingin' Sounds (1996)

Electric Head Pt. 2 (The Ecstasy) (1996)

Other

Soundtracks

Natural Born Killers (1994)

The Doom Generation (1995) (soundtrack and DVD menu music)

Escape from L.A. (1996)

Beavis and Butt-head Do America (1996)

The Fan (1996)

Lost Highway (1997)

Private Parts (1997)

(1997)

End of Days (1999)

The Matrix (1999)

(2000)

Valentine (2001)

(2003)

Underworld (2003)

Moog (2004)

Collateral (2004)

Saw (2004)

Deepwater (2005)

Las Vegas (2005)

Saw II (2005)

Saw III (2006)

Dead Silence (2007)

Death Sentence (2007)

(2007)

Saw IV (2007)

Saw V (2008)

Valkyrie (2008)

Yes Man (2008)

Saw VI (2009)

Saw 3D (2010)

Film scores

Saw (2004)

Deepwater (2005)

NBC's Las Vegas (2005)

Saw II (2005)

Saw III (2006)

Dead Silence (2007)

Death Sentence (2007)

(2007)

Saw IV (2007)

Saw V (2008)

The Stepfather (2009)

Saw VI (2009)

Saw 3D (2010)

Misc

In Defense of Animals Volume 2 (1996)

Volume Fourteen - Reading '95 Special (1996)

FirstCom Master Series Charlie Clouser - NAILS (1997)

Best Alternative Volume 7 (1997)

Industrial Mix Machine (1997)

(1998)

(1999)

Twisted Metal 4 (Video Game Score) (1999)

(1999)

Dark Decryption - The Electro Remix Selection Vol. 02 (2002)

Symphoniacal (2008)

Singularity (2010)

References

External links

Burning Retna on Myspace

Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Musicians from New Hampshire Category:American industrial musicians Category:Nine Inch Nails members Category:White Zombie Category:People from Hanover, New Hampshire