How cookies are used on X
Cookies and similar technologies like pixels and local storage provide you with a better, faster, and safer experience on X. Cookies are also used to operate our services, which include our websites, applications, APIs, pixels, embeds, and email communications. Specifically, X uses these technologies to:
- Keep you logged in to X.
- Deliver features and functionality of X services.
- Save and honor your preferences.
- Personalize the content you see.
- Protect you against spam and abuse.
- Show you more relevant ads.
- Provide subscription features and distribute certain content.
- Understand how you interact with our services and where we can improve.
- Measure the effectiveness of our advertising and marketing.
- Rate how our services perform and identify bugs and other quality issues.
- Gather data used to operate our business — from measuring our audience size to enforcing the X Rules.
What are cookies, pixels, and local storage?
Cookies are small files placed on your computer as you browse the web or use a web-enabled app. We use cookies to operate our services, discover how people use our services, understand how to make them work better and more. See above for more examples of how we use cookies.
Pixels are small amounts of code placed on a web page, in a web-enabled app, or an email. We use pixels, some of which we provide to advertisers to place on their web properties, to learn whether you've interacted with specific web or email content — as many services do. This helps us measure and improve our services and personalize your experience, including the ads and content you see.
We use local storage to save data on your computer or mobile device. We use data from local storage to turn on web navigation, maintain video player preferences, customize what we show you based on your past interactions with our services, remember your preferences, and measure ad effectiveness. We may also use local storage on other websites, where necessary to provide you certain features, to obtain information about your visits to those sites.
Why do our services use these technologies?
Cookies, pixels, and local storage work to operate and support our business, and to help provide you with an improved experience. They're used across the following categories:
- Authentication and security
- Functionality
- User preferences
- Analytics
- Research and development
- Personalized content
- Advertising
- Marketing
- Personalization across devices
Within each of these categories, cookies, pixels, and local storage help us:
Authentication and security
Authenticate your X access to show you relevant content. They also help prevent unauthorized parties from accessing your account. We use these technologies to:
- Log you in to X and our services.
- Help protect your security and the security of our services.
- Let you view content with limited distribution.
- Help us detect and fight spam, abuse, and other activities that break the X Rules.
Functionality
Deliver error messages, allow you to switch between accounts, coordinate our service across tabs in a browser, and provide certain features on partner websites.
User preferences
Remember information about your browser and your preferences.
Analytics
- Improve and understand how people use our services, including buttons and widgets.
- Optimize your experience by understanding how you interact with our services, like when and how often you use them and what links you visit, and from where. (We may use Google Analytics to help us with this.)
- Count the number of people who have seen a particular post, embedded posts, buttons, or timeline. Learn more.
Research and development
- Gather data about how you use our services, including how our services perform. This helps us detect issues, understand where we may improve, or develop new products or services.
- Test updates to X services, as well as build new features, functionality, and services.
Personalized content
Personalize our services in areas like trends, stories, ads, and suggestions for people to follow with more relevant content. We also use:
- Local storage to tell us which parts of your X timeline you've viewed already so that we can show you new content.
- Cookies to suggest who you might enjoy following based on your visits to websites with integrated X services.
Advertising
Personalize ads and measure performance, like showing you ads and evaluating their effectiveness based on your visits to our ad partners' websites. This helps advertisers provide you with high-quality ads and content that may be more interesting to you. We'll also:
- Deliver ads, measure their performance, and make them more relevant to you based on criteria, like your activity on X and visits to our ad partners' websites.
- Work with third-party advertising partners, including Google, to market our services.
Marketing
Deliver our email and web marketing campaigns and to understand our marketing effectiveness.
Personalization across devices
Understand which devices you used so that we can personalize your experience on all of your devices.
Keep in mind, if you ever log in to X with your device, we associate and will continue to associate that device with your account. This means whether or not you're logged in, we'll receive information about your device(s) when information is shared by a partner, you visit twitter.com or third-party websites that integrate X services, or you visit a X advertiser's website or mobile application. Most commonly, IP addresses and the time we receive the data, are used to link that specific device with you.
To see more about the devices and web browsers associated with your X account, take a look at Your X Data when you're logged in and when you're logged out of your account.
Where are these technologies used?
We (along with third parties) use these technologies on X services, which includes our websites, applications, and services and on other websites, applications, and services that have integrated X services, including third-party properties that incorporate our advertising technology. This includes our ad partners’ websites and sites that use our embeds, including embedded timelines. Third parties may also use these technologies, for example, when you click on links from X services, view or interact with third-party content in X services, or visit third-party websites that incorporate our advertising technology.
What are my privacy options?
We're committed to giving you meaningful privacy options to control or limit how we, our partners, and other third-parties use cookies and cookie-related data:
X stores information about other websites where you've seen X content or accessed our services. For most X features you can adjust this by going to: Settings and privacy > Privacy and safety > Off-X activity > Allow use of where you see X content across the web. However, for certain paid subscription features, even if you make this adjustment we will still store certain information where doing so is necessary for that feature to work. We will tell you about this storage when you sign up for these features.
If you’ve turned this off, or are in the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland, we won't store or use these web page visits to improve your experience in the future. However, if we've previously stored your web browsing history, we may continue to personalize your experience based on information we've already learned from that history.
You will always see ads on X based on your X activity. There are a variety of ways you can adjust the way X uses your data for ads. You can use the following tools:
- Personalized ads setting in X
Adjust your setting for use of off-X data by going to Settings and privacy > Privacy and safety > Ads preferences > Personalized ads. - Interest-based advertising for web
Opt-out in your current browser through the Digital Advertising Alliance's consumer choice tool at optout.aboutads.info. - Limit ad tracking for iOS version 13 and earlier
Turn on this setting through your iOS device settings (precise instructions vary by version). - Ads personalization for Android
Opt out through your device settings (precise instructions vary by version). - Allow apps to request to track for iOS version 14 and later
Turn off the setting through your device settings (precise instructions vary by version). - Personalize based on your inferred identity setting in X
Adjust the setting by going to Settings and privacy > Privacy and safety > Off-X activity > Personalize based on your inferred identity. This controls whether we link your account to browsers or devices other than the ones you use to log into X (or if you're logged out, whether we link the browser or device you're currently using to any other browsers or devices). - Cookie settings through web browsers
Most browsers will request your permission to use cookies. Note that if you turn off cookies entirely, X services may not work correctly or you might have trouble logging into twitter.com.
More privacy options
Along with optout.aboutads.info, you can read more about opting out of interest-based ads at networkadvertising.org/choices. Lastly, you can opt-out of interest-based Google ads using Google's Ads Settings.
Important: To view or change web settings for your X account, you'll need to log in to the web browser. Changing your X settings in the web browser when you’re logged out will only affect behavior on that browser while you aren't logged in to X. Read our article on how to access your personalization and data settings for more.
The cookies you encounter depend on the features and functionality you use. The most commonly used cookies on X services are described in this chart, which we update from time to time. Cookie lifespans are capped at 13 months in certain areas.