List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature
![](http://web.archive.org./web/20230319145542im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/L._N._Tolstoy%2C_by_Prokudin-Gorsky_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-L._N._Tolstoy%2C_by_Prokudin-Gorsky_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors which, according to the Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, the benefactor of the prize, has produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".[1] It is one of the five Nobel Prizes which are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[2]
Every year, the Swedish Academy sends out requests regularly for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organizations are all allowed to nominate a candidate. Nomination of oneself is not permitted.[3] Despite the yearly invitations for nominations, there have been some years wherein the prize was not conferred due to particular reasons (1914, 1918, 1935) and due to the outbreak of World War II (1940–1943). Besides the prize has been delayed for a year seven times (1915, 1919, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1936, 1949).
Records of nominations are strictly kept secret for 50 years until they are made publicly available. Currently, the nominations submitted from 1901 to 1972 are available.[4][5] Since 1901 to 1972, there have been 814 writers coming from different parts of the world nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, 68 of which were awarded the prize[6] and Albert Schweitzer was awarded by Nobel Peace Prize on 1953. 15 more writers from these nominees were awarded after 1972 and Elie Wiesel was awarded by Nobel Peace Prize on 1986. Only 75 women had been nominated for the prize starting with Malwida von Meysenburg who was nominated once for the year 1901[7] and 8 of them have been awarded after all. Only one literary society has been nominated, the Pali Text Society for the year 1916.
Though the following list consists of notable literary figures deemed worthy of the prize, there have been some celebrated writers who were not considered nor even nominated such as Anton Chekhov,[8] Jules Verne, Mark Twain, Robert Hugh Benson, Arthur Conan Doyle, Alexander Blok, Marcel Proust, Joseph Conrad, Rainer Maria Rilke, Federico García Lorca, Lu Xun, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Antonio Machado, Francis Scott Fitzgerald, James Joyce, Christopher Dawson, Virginia Woolf, C. S. Lewis, Simone Weil, Willa Cather, George Orwell, Galaktion Tabidze, Edith Hamilton, Richard Wright, Flannery O'Connor, Langston Hughes and Jack Kerouac.[9][10][11]
Nominees by their first nomination[edit]
1901–1909[edit]
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | |||||
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Sully Prudhomme | March 16, 1839 Paris, France |
September 6, 1907 Châtenay-Malabry, France |
1901 | Won the 1901 Nobel Prize in Literature.[12] |
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Henryk Sienkiewicz | May 5, 1846 Wola Okrzejska, Poland |
November 15, 1916 Vevey, Switzerland |
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 | Won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature.[13] |
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René Vallery-Radot[a] | October 1, 1853 Paris, France |
January 24, 1933 Paris, France |
1901 | [15] |
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Edmond Rostand[b] | April 1, 1868 Marseille, France |
December 2, 1918 Paris, France |
1901 | [16] |
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Julius Gersdorff[c] | June 15, 1849 Szczecin, Poland |
November 7, 1907 Weimar, Germany |
1901 | Nominated the only time by music pedagogue Carl Heinrich Döring (1834-1916) from Dresden Royal Conservatory.[17] |
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Oscar le Pin[d] | ? Switzerland |
? Switzerland |
1901 | Nominated the only time by P.L.Bonnaviat from Saint-Petersburg Elizabethan Institute.[18] |
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Louis Ducros[e] | December 27, 1846 Nîmes, France |
1927 Strasbourg, France[19] |
1901 | Nominated the only time by M.Clerc.[20] |
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Carl Gustaf Estlander[f] | January 31, 1834 Lappfjärd, Finland |
August 28, 1910 Helsinki, Finland |
1901 | Nominated the only time by J.G.Frosterus.[21] |
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Auguste Sabatier[g] | October 22, 1839 Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, France |
April 12, 1901 Strasbourg, France |
1901 | Nominated the only time by G.Monod.[22] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. |
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Paul Duproix[h] | August 14, 1851 France |
January 24, 1912 France |
1901 | Nominated the only time by Émile Redard (1848-1913) from the Société de Belles-Lettres, Geneva.[23] |
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Charles Borgeaud[i] | August 15, 1861 Le Chenit, Switzerland |
October 6, 1940 Onex, Switzerland |
1901 | [24] |
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Charles Renouvier[j] | January 1, 1815 Montpellier, France |
September 1, 1903 Prades, France |
1901 | Nominated the only time by Antoine Benoist (1846-1922) from the University of Toulouse.[25] |
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Giacomo Stampa[k] | ? Italy |
? Italy |
1901 | Nominated the only time by Árm.Vámbéry.[26] |
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Ossip Lourié[l] | January 28, 1868 Dubroŭna, Belarus |
July 2, 1955 Paris, France |
1901 | Nominated the only time by Kr.Birch-Reichenwald Aars.[27] |
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João da Câmara[m] | December 27, 1852 Lisbon, Portugal |
January 2, 1908 Lisbon, Portugal |
1901 | Nominated the only time by J.J.Coelho de Carvalho.[28] |
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Malwida von Meysenbug[n] | October 28, 1816 Kassel, Germany |
April 23, 1903 Rome, Italy |
1901 | Nominated the only time by G.Monod through B.Bjørnson.[29] First woman nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. |
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Émile Zola[o] | April 2, 1840 Paris, France |
September 29, 1902 Paris, France |
1901, 1902 | Nominated by M.Berthelot only[30] |
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Ferenc Kemény[p] | July 17, 1860 Zrenjanin Serbia |
November 21, 1944 Budapest, Hungary |
1901, 1902 | [31] |
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Alexander Baumgartner[q] | June 27, 1841 St. Gallen, Switzerland |
October 5, 1910 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |
1901, 1902, 1903 | Nominated by Kn.K.Krogh-Tonning only.[32] |
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Gaston Paris[r] | August 9, 1839 Avenay-Val-d'Or, France |
March 5, 1903 Cannes, France |
1901, 1902, 1903 | Nominated by Fr.Wulff only.[33] |
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Gaspar Núñez de Arce[s] | August 4, 1834 Valladolid, Spain |
June 9, 1903 Madrid, Spain |
1901, 1902, 1903 | [34] |
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Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol[t] | March 23, 1847 Iași, Romania |
February 27, 1920 Bucharest, Romania |
1901, 1909 | Nominated by I.Găvănescu only.[35] |
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Antonio Fogazzaro[u] | March 25, 1842 Vicenza, Italy |
March 7, 1911 Vicenza, Italy |
1901, 1902, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1911 | [36] |
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Paul Sabatier[v] | August 3, 1858 Saint-Michel-de-Chabrillanoux, France |
March 4, 1928 Strasbourg, France |
1901, 1902, 1903, 1924, 1925 | Nominated by C.Bildt only.[37] |
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Frédéric Mistral | September 8, 1830 Maillane, France |
March 25, 1914 Maillane, France |
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 | Won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature (shared with José Echegaray).[38] |
1902 | |||||
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José Echegaray | April 19, 1832 Madrid, Spain |
September 14, 1916 Madrid, Spain |
1902, 1903, 1904 | Won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature (shared with Frédéric Mistral).[39] |
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Theodor Mommsen | November 30, 1817 Garding, Germany |
November 1, 1903 Berlin, Germany |
1902 | Won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature.[40] |
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Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson | December 8, 1832 Kvikne, Norway |
April 26, 1910 Paris, France |
1902, 1903 | Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature.[41] |
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Giosuè Carducci | July 27, 1835 Pietrasanta, Italy |
February 16, 1907 Bologna, Italy |
1902, 1903, 1905, 1906 | Won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Literature.[42] |
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Gerhart Hauptmann | November 15, 1862 Szczawno-Zdrój, Poland |
June 6, 1946 Jelenia Góra, Poland |
1902, 1906, 1912 | Won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Literature.[43] |
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William Butler Yeats | June 13, 1865 Sandymount, Ireland |
January 28, 1939 Cannes, France |
1902, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1921, 1922, 1923 | Won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Literature.[44] |
Anatoly Koni[w] | January 28, 1844 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
September 17, 1927 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
1902 | Nominated the only time by Ant.Woulfert.[45] | |
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Ventura Fernández López[x] | July 14, 1866 Bárcena de Pie de Concha, Spain |
November 17, 1944 Toledo, Spain |
1902 | Nominated the only time by Emmanuel Casado y Salas from the University of Toledo.[46] |
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Carl Weitbrecht | December 8, 1847 Althengstett, Germany |
June 10, 1904 Stuttgart, Germany |
1902 | Nominated the only time by Hermann Fischer (1851-1920) from the University of Tübingen.[47] |
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Hartmann Grisar[y] | September 22, 1845 Koblenz, Germany |
February 25, 1932 Innsbruck, Austria |
1902 | Nominated the only time by Kn.K.Krogh-Tonning.[48] |
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Herbert Spencer | April 27, 1820 Derby, England |
December 8, 1903 Brighton, England |
1902 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[49] |
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Bernard Bosanquet | June 14, 1848 Alnwick, England |
February 8, 1923 London, England |
1902 | Nominated the only time by W.M.Dixon.[50] |
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Marcel Barrière[z] | November 3, 1860 Limoux, France |
February 18, 1954 Paris, France |
1902 | Nominated the only time by Aug.Ém.Faguet.[51] |
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Gustav Falke[aa] | January 11, 1853 Lübeck, Germany |
February 8, 1916 Marburg, Germany |
1902 | Nominated the only time by Aug.Sauer.[52] |
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Archibald Robertson[ab] | June 29, 1853 Northamptonshire, England |
January 29, 1931 Oxford, England |
1902 | Nominated the only time by J.W.Hales.[53] |
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Henrik Ibsen | March 20, 1828 Skien, Norway |
May 23, 1906 Oslo, Norway |
1902, 1903, 1904 | [54] |
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Leo Tolstoy[ac] | September 9, 1828 Yasnaya Polyana, Russia |
November 20, 1910 Astapovo, Russia |
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[55] |
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Houston Stewart Chamberlain[ad] | September 9, 1855 Portsmouth, England |
January 9, 1927 Bayreuth, Germany |
1902, 1906 | [56] |
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Lewis Morris[ae] | January 23, 1833 Carmarthen, Wales |
November 12, 1907 Penbryn, Wales |
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907 | [57] |
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George Meredith | February 12, 1828 Hampshire, England |
May 18, 1909 Surrey, England |
1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907 | [58] |
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Theodor Zahn[af] | October 10, 1838 Moers, Germany |
March 5, 1933 Erlangen, Germany |
1902, 1904, 1908 | Nominated by L.N.Dahle only.[59] |
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Charles Wagner[ag] | January 3, 1852 Alsace, France |
May 12, 1918 Alsace, France |
1902, 1903, 1909 | [60] |
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John Morley[ah] | December 24, 1838 Blackburn, England |
September 23, 1923 London, England |
1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1913 | [61] |
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Juhani Aho[ai] | September 11, 1861 Lapinlahti, Finland |
August 8, 1921 Helsinki, Finland |
1902, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 | [62] |
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Arne Garborg[aj] | January 25, 1851 Jæren, Norway |
January 14, 1924 Asker, Norway |
1902, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1921 | [63] |
1903 | |||||
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Rudyard Kipling | December 30, 1865 Mumbai, India |
January 18, 1936 London, England |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1907 | Won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature.[64] |
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Maurice Maeterlinck | August 29, 1862 Ghent, Belgium |
May 6, 1949 Nice, France |
1903, 1904, 1909, 1910, 1911 | Won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Literature.[65] |
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François Coppée | January 26, 1842 Paris, France |
May 23, 1908 Paris, France |
1903 | Nominated the only time by S.(R.)Prudhomme.[66] |
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Carl Friedrich Glasenapp[ak] | October 3, 1847 Riga, Latvia |
April 14, 1915 Riga, Latvia |
1903 | [67] |
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Robert Langton Douglas[al] | 1864 Cheshire, England |
1951 Fiesole, Italy |
1903, 1904 | [68] |
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Albert Sorel[am] | August 13, 1842 Honfleur, France |
June 29, 1906 Paris, France |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 | [69] |
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Iwan Gilkin[an] | January 7, 1858 Brussels, Belgium |
September 28, 1924 Brussels, Belgium |
1903, 1909 | [70] |
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Algernon Charles Swinburne | April 5, 1837 London, England |
April 10, 1909 London, England |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 | [71] |
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Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo | November 3, 1856 Santander, Spain |
May 19, 1912 Santander, Spain |
1903, 1905, 1907, 1910 | [72] |
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Georg Brandes | February 4, 1842 Copenhagen, Denmark |
February 19, 1927 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926 | [73] |
1904 | |||||
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Selma Lagerlöf | November 20, 1858 Värmland, Sweden |
March 16, 1940 Värmland, Sweden |
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 | Won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature.[74] |
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Anatole France | April 16, 1844 Paris, France |
October 12, 1924 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France |
1904, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916, 1921 | Won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature.[75] |
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Émilie Lerou[ao] | 1855 France |
1935 France |
1904 | Nominated the only time by J.Ars.Arn.Claretie.[76] " |
Demetrios Bernardakis | December 3, 1833 Mitilini, Greece |
January 12, 1907 Mitilini, Greece |
1904, 1905 | Nominated by Αθ.Βερναρδάκης only.[77] | |
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Jaroslav Vrchlický (Emil Frida) | February 17, 1853 Louny, Czechia |
September 9, 1912 Domazlice, Czechia |
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912 | [78] |
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William Chapman[ap] | December 13, 1850 Beauceville, Canada |
February 23, 1917 Ottawa, Canada |
1904, 1910, 1912, 1917 | [79] |
1905 | |||||
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Eliza Orzeszkowa | June 6, 1841 Mil'kovshchina, Belarus |
May 18, 1910 Grodno, Belarus |
1905 | [80] |
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Godfrey Sweven[aq] | May 5, 1845 Irvine, England |
January 18, 1935 Christchurch, New Zealand |
1905 | John Macmillan Brown has only been nominated himself under the pseudonym Godfrey Sweven.[81][82] |
1906 | |||||
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Pedro Pablo Figueroa | December 25, 1857 Copiapó, Chile |
January 4, 1909 Santiago, Chile |
1906 | The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Leonardo Eliz (1861-1939) from the Valparaiso Secondary School was found to be ineligible.[83] |
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Louis Franck | November 28, 1868 Antwerp, Belgium |
December 31, 1937 Wijnegem, Belgium |
1906 | Nominated the only time by Ern.Nys[84] |
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Gaston Boissier | August 15, 1823 Nîmes, France |
June 10, 1908 Viroflay, France |
1906 | Nominated the only time by J.J.Hartman[85] |
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William J. Neidig[ar] | 1870 United States |
1955 United States |
1906 | One of the first three nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature from United States. Nominated the only time by Henry Burrowes Lathrop (1867-1936) from the University of Wisconsin.[86] |
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Max Haushofer[as] | April 23, 1840 Munich, Germany |
1907 Gries-San Quirino, Italy |
1906 | The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Em.Milan was found to be ineligible.[87] |
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Max Bewer[at] | January 19, 1861 Düsseldorf, Germany |
October 13, 1921 Meißen, Germany |
1906 | [88] |
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William Booth[au] | April 10, 1829 Nottingham, England |
August 20, 1912 London, England |
1906 | The nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel committee because the nominator Otto Classen from Köln-Lindenthal was found to be ineligible.[89] |
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Joseph Viktor Widmann[av] | February 20, 1842 Brno, Czechia |
November 6, 1911 Bern, Switzerland |
1906, 1908 | [90] |
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George Lansing Raymond[aw] | September 3, 1839 Illinois, United States |
July 11, 1929 Washington D.C., United States |
1906, 1907, 1908 | One of the first three nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature from United States.[91] |
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Borden Parker Bowne | January 14, 1847 Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States |
April 1, 1910 Boston, United States |
1906, 1907, 1909 | One of the first three nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature from United States.[92] |
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Angelo de Gubernatis | April 7, 1840 Turin, Italy |
February 26, 1913 Rome, Italy |
1906, 1907, 1909 | [93] |
1907 | |||||
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João Bonança[ax] | ca. 1836 Lagos, Portugal |
April 13, 1924 Lisbon, Portugal |
1907 | Nominated the only time by J.T.F.Braga[94] |
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Holger Drachmann | October 9, 1846 Copenhagen, Denmark |
January 14, 1908 Hornbæk, Denmark |
1907 | Nominated the only time by H.Høffding[95] |
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Ian Maclaren | November 3, 1850 Manningtree, Essex, England[96] |
May 6, 1907 Iowa, United States |
1907 | Nominated the only time by Er.G.W.N.Rudin.[97] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. |
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Andrés Manjón | November 30, 1846 Sargentes de la Lora, Spain |
July 10, 1923 Granada, Spain |
1907 | Nominated the only time by Marquis of Valle-Ameno (Angel Sanchez Rubio Ibanez, 1852-1910) from Zaragoza[98] |
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Eduardo Benot | November 26, 1822 Cádiz, Spain |
July 27, 1907 Madrid, Spain |
1907 | Nominated the only time by D.Fr. de Paula Cortázar y Larrubia. Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[99] |
Georgios Souris[ay] | February 2, 1853 Ermoupoli, Greece |
August 26, 1919 Athens, Greece |
1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912 | [100] | |
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Àngel Guimerà | May 6, 1835 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain |
July 18, 1924 Barcelona, Spain |
1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 | [101] |
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Paul Bourget | September 2, 1852 Amiens, France |
December 25, 1935 Paris, France |
1907, 1909, 1914, 1915, 1928 | [102] |
1908 | |||||
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Rudolf Christoph Eucken | January 5, 1846 Aurich, Germany |
September 15, 1926 Jena, Germany |
1908 | Won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Literature.[103] |
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Julio Calcaño[az] | December 4, 1840 Caracas, Venezuela |
August 18, 1918 Caracas, Venezuela |
1908 | Nominated the only time by don José M Manrique from Real Academia Española.[104] |
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Alfred L. Hutchinson[ba] | 1859 Waupaca, Wisconsin, United States |
August 1930 Weyauwega, Wisconsin, United States |
1908 | Nominated the only time by Luther Lamphere Wright (1856-1922) - Superintendent of Public Instruction from Lansing, Michigan.[105] |
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Edmondo De Amicis | October 21, 1846 Imperia, Italy |
March 11, 1908 Bordighera, Italy |
1908 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[106] |
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Adolf von Harnack | May 7, 1851 Tartu, Estonia |
June 10, 1930 Heidelberg, Germany |
1908, 1916 | [107] |
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche | July 10, 1846 Lützen, Germany |
November 8, 1935 Weimar, Germany |
1908, 1916, 1917, 1923 | [108] | |
1909 | |||||
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Verner von Heidenstam | July 6, 1859 Olshammar, Sweden |
May 20, 1940 Övralid, Sweden |
1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1916 | Won the 1916 Nobel Prize in Literature.[109] |
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Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé | February 25, 1848 Nice, France |
March 29, 1910 Paris, France |
1909 | Nominated the only time by Count Alb.Vandal.[110] |
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Martin Greif | June 18, 1839 Speyer, Germany |
April 1, 1911 Kufstein, Austria |
1909, 1910, 1911 | [111] |
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Francesco D'Ovidio[bb] | December 5, 1849 Campobasso, Italy |
November 24, 1925 Naples, Italy |
1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 | Nominated by Ern.Monaci only.[112] |
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Ernest Lavisse | December 17, 1842 Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache, France |
August 18, 1922 Paris, France |
1909, 1910, 1912, 1913 | [113] |
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Salvador Rueda | December 3, 1857 Benaque, Spain |
April 1, 1933 Málaga, Spain |
1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915 | [114] |
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Émile Verhaeren | May 21, 1855 Sint-Amands, Belgium |
November 27, 1916 Rouen, France |
1909, 1912, 1915, 1916 | [115] |
1910–1919[edit]
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1910 | |||||
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Paul Heyse | March 13, 1830 Berlin, Germany |
April 2, 1914 Munich, Germany |
1910 | Won the 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature.[116] |
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Gustav Warneck | March 6, 1834 Naumburg, Germany |
December 26, 1910 Halle (Saale), Germany |
1910 | [117] |
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Wilhelm Hermann Heinrich Benignus | February 17, 1861 Heilbronn, Germany |
June 5, 1930 Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States |
1910 | Nominated the only time by Marion Dexter Learned (1857-1917) from the University of Pennsylvania.[118] |
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Alfred Fouillée | October 18, 1838 Erdre-en-Anjou, France |
June 16, 1912 Lyon, France |
1910 | Nominated the only time by C.D.af Wirsén.[119] |
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Édouard Rod | March 31, 1857 Nyon, Switzerland |
January 29, 1910 Grasse, France |
1910 | Nominated the only time by Edm.Rossier.[120] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. |
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William Dean Howells | March 1, 1837 Ohio, United States |
May 11, 1920 New York, United States |
1910 | Nominated the only time by J.Br.Matthews.[121] |
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Robert Bridges | October 23, 1844 Walmer, England |
April 21, 1930 Boars Hill, England |
1910 | Nominated the only time by Ch.V.Stanford.[122] |
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Andrew Lang | March 31, 1844 Selkirk, Scotland |
July 20, 1912 Banchory, Scotland |
1910 | Nominated the only time by Ed.Nesbit (Bland).[123] |
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Molly Elliot Seawell | October 23, 1860 Virginia, United States |
November 15, 1916 Washington, D.C., United States |
1910, 1911 | Nominated by Ch.W.Kent only.[124] |
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Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach | September 13, 1830 Troubky-Zdislavice, Czechia |
March 12, 1916 Vienna, Austria |
1910, 1911 | Nominated by Em.Reich only.[125] |
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Pierre Loti | January 14, 1850 Rochefort, France |
June 10, 1923 Hendaye, France |
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913 | [126] |
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Thomas Hardy | June 2, 1840 Stinsford, England |
January 11, 1928 Dorchester, England |
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 | [127] |
1911 | |||||
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Karl Adolph Gjellerup | June 2, 1857 Roholte, Denmark |
October 13, 1919 Dresden, Germany |
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917 | Won the 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature (shared with Henrik Pontoppidan).[128] |
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George Bernard Shaw | July 26, 1856 Dublin, Ireland |
November 2, 1950 Ayot St Lawrence, England |
1911, 1912, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1926 | Won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1926.[129] |
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Albert de Mun | February 28, 1841 Lumigny-Nesles-Ormeaux, France |
October 6, 1914 Bordeaux, France |
1911 | Nominated the only time by R.Fr.N.M.Bazin.[130] |
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Gustaf Fröding | August 22, 1860 Alster, Swedeen |
February 8, 1911 Stockholm, Sweden |
1911 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[131] |
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Rafael Altamira y Crevea | February 10, 1866 Alicante, Spain |
June 1, 1951 Mexico City, Mexico |
1911, 1912 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[132] |
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Harald Høffding | March 11, 1843 Copenhagen, Denmark |
July 2, 1931 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1916 | [133] |
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Henry James | April 15, 1843 New York, United States |
February 28, 1916 London, England |
1911, 1912, 1916 | [134] |
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Peter Rosegger | July 31, 1843 Krieglach, Austria |
June 26, 1918 Krieglach, Austria |
1911, 1913, 1918 | [135] |
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Ernst von der Recke | August 14, 1848 Copenhagen, Denmark |
December 2, 1933 Zealand, Denmark |
1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1930 | [136] |
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Karl Schönherr | February 24, 1867 Axams, Austria |
March 15, 1943 Vienna, Austria |
1911, 1912, 1933, 1938 | [137] |
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August Strindberg | January 22, 1849 Stockholm, Sweden |
May 14, 1912 Stockholm, Sweden |
1911 | Nominated the only time by N.Söderblom. The nomination was retrieved for having arrived too late.[138] |
1912 | |||||
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Carl Spitteler | April 24, 1845 Liestal, Switzerland |
December 29, 1924 Lucerne, Switzerland |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 | Won the 1919 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920.[139] |
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Henri Bergson | October 18, 1859 Paris, France |
January 4, 1941 Paris, France |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1921, 1927, 1928 | Won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1928.[140] |
Pencho Slaveykov | April 27, 1866 Tryavna, Bulgaria |
June 10, 1912 Brunate, Italy |
1912 | Nominated the only time by Alfr.Jensen.[141] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. | |
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Sven Hedin | February 19, 1865 Stockholm, Sweden |
November 26, 1952 Stockholm, Sweden |
1912, 1913 | Nominated by Fr.Am.Wulff only.[142] |
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Jean-Henri Fabre | December 21, 1823 Aveyron, France |
October 11, 1915 Sérignan-du-Comtat, France |
1912, 1914 | [143] |
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Salvatore Farina | January 10, 1846 Sorso, Italy |
December 15, 1918 Milan, Italy |
1912, 1913, 1914 | Nominated by members of the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere only.[144] |
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Benito Pérez Galdós | May 10, 1843 Las Palmas, Spain |
January 4, 1920 Madrid, Spain |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916 | [145] |
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Adolf Frey | February 18, 1855 Küttigen, Switzerland |
February 12, 1920 Zürich, Switzerland |
1912, 1913, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920 | Nominated by W.Oechsli only.[146] |
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Hans E. Kinck | October 11, 1865 Øksfjord, Norway |
October 13, 1926 Oslo, Norway |
1912, 1919, 1920, 1926 | [147] |
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James George Frazer | January 1, 1854 Glasgow, Scotland |
May 7, 1941 Cambridge, England |
1912, 1926, 1928, 1935 | [148] |
1913 | |||||
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Rabindranath Tagore | May 7, 1861 Kolkata, India |
August 7, 1941 Kolkata, India |
1913 | Won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature.[149] |
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Henrik Pontoppidan | July 24, 1857 Fredericia, Denmark |
August 21, 1943 Charlottenlund, Denmark |
1913, 1916, 1917 | Won the 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature (shared with Karl Gjellerup).[150] |
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Grazia Deledda | September 28, 1871 Nuoro, Italy |
August 15, 1936 Rome, Italy |
1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 | Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927.[151] |
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Edward Dowden | May 3, 1843 Cork, Ireland |
April 4, 1913 Dublin, Ireland |
1913 | Nominated the only time by J.Lindsay.[152] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. |
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John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury | April 30, 1834 London, England |
May 28, 1913 Broadstairs, England |
1913 | Nominated the only time by H.Ol.H.Hildebrand.[153] Died before the only chance to be rewarded. |
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Francis Сhanning Miles Welles | April 21, 1887 Richmond, London, England |
Aug 29, 1956 Cheltenham General Hospital, England |
1913 | Nominated the only time by C.Read.[154] |
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Émile Faguet | December 17, 1847 La Roche-sur-Yon, France |
June 7, 1916 Paris, France |
1913, 1914 | [155] |
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Jakob Knudsen | September 14, 1858 Rødding, Denmark |
January 21, 1917 Birkerød, Denmark |
1913, 1916 | [156] |
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Edmond Picard | December 15, 1836 Brussels, Belgium |
February 19, 1924 Namur, Belgium |
1913, 1914, 1916, 1917 | [157] |
1914 | |||||
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Antonio Serra y Morant | December 17, 1866 Alicante, Spain |
August 7, 1939 Madrid, Spain |
1914 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[158] Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Josef Svatopluk Machar | February 29, 1864 Kolin, Czechia |
March 17, 1942 Prague, Czechia |
1914, 1915 | Nobel Prizes in Literature have not been awarded these years.[159] |
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René François Nicolas Marie Bazin | December 26, 1853 Angers, France |
July 20, 1932 Paris, France |
1914, 1915 | Nobel Prizes in Literature have not been awarded these years.[160] |
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Dora Melegari | June 27, 1849 Lausanne, Switzerland |
July 31, 1924 Rome, Italy |
1914, 1923 | [161] |
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Willem Kloos | May 6, 1859 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
March 3, 1938 The Hague, Netherlands |
1914, 1915, 1925, 1926, 1928 | [162] |
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Dmitry Merezhkovsky | August 2, 1865 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
December 9, 1941 Paris, France |
1914, 1915, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [163] |
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Vilhelm Grønbech | June 14, 1873 Allinge, Denmark |
April 21, 1948 Helsingør, Denmark |
1914, 1915, 1927, 1928, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944 | [164] |
1915 | |||||
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Romain Rolland | January 29, 1866 Clamecy, France |
December 30, 1944 Vézelay, France |
1915, 1916 | Won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Literature. (awarded the following year)[165] |
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Charles Montagu Doughty | August 19, 1843 Saxmundham, England |
January 20, 1926 Sissinghurst, England |
1915 | Nominated the only time by Th.H.Warren.[166] Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Ferdinand Avenarius | December 20, 1856 Berlin, Germany |
September 22, 1923 Kampen, Germany |
1915, 1921 | [167] |
1916 | |||||
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Erik Axel Karlfeldt | July 20, 1864 Avesta, Sweden |
April 8, 1931 Stockholm, Sweden |
1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1929, 1931 | Posthumously won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature.[168] |
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Rabindranath Datta | October 1, 1883 Kolkata, India |
July 6, 1917 Kolkata, India |
1916 | [169] |
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Ivan Franko | August 27, 1856 Lviv, Ukraine |
May 28, 1916 Lviv, Ukraine |
1916 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[170] |
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Gunnar Heiberg | November 18, 1857 Oslo, Norway |
February 22, 1929 Oslo, Norway |
1916 | Nominated the only time by J.Thiis.[171] |
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Troels Troels-Lund | September 5, 1840 Copenhagen, Denmark |
February 12, 1921 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1916 | Nominated the only time by L.Fr.Al.Läffler.[172] |
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The Pāli Text Society | founded in 1881 by Thomas William Rhys Davids | 1916 | Nominated the only time by Th.W.Rh.Davids.[173] The only literary society nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
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Per Hallström | September 29, 1866 Stockholm, Sweden |
February 18, 1960 Nacka, Sweden |
1916, 1919 | [174] |
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Otokar Březina | September 13, 1868 Počátky, Czechia |
March 25, 1929 Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, Czechia |
1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1925, 1928, 1929 | [175] |
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Henrik Schück | November 2, 1855 Stockholm, Sweden |
October 3, 1947 Uppsala, Sweden |
1916, 1929 | [176] |
1917 | |||||
Ivan Vazov | July 9, 1850 Sopot, Bulgaria |
September 22, 1921 Sofia, Bulgaria |
1917 | Nominated the only time by Iv.D.Shishmanov.[177] | |
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Otto Ernst Schmidt ("Otto Ernst") |
October 7, 1862 Hamburg, Germany |
March 5, 1926 Hamburg, Germany |
1917 | Nominated the only time by P.Aug.Ler.Hallström.[178] |
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Jeppe Aakjær | September 10, 1866 Aakjaer, Denmark |
April 22, 1930 Roslev, Denmark |
1917 | [179] |
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Johan Bojer | March 6, 1872 Orkdal, Norway |
July 3, 1959 Oslo, Norway |
1917, 1925, 1929, 1932 | [180] |
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Olaf Bull | November 10, 1883 Oslo, Norway |
June 29, 1933 Oslo, Norway |
1917, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932 | [181] |
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Bertel Gripenberg | September 19, 1878 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
May 6, 1947 Sävsjö, Sweden |
1917, 1918, 1922, 1923, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1937 | [182] |
1918 | |||||
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Knut Hamsun | August 4, 1859 Lom, Norway |
February 19, 1952 Grimstad, Norway |
1918, 1920 | Won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Literature.[183] |
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Gustav Frenssen | October 19, 1863 Barlt, Germany |
April 11, 1945 Barlt, Germany |
1918 | Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year.[184] |
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Alois Jirásek | August 23, 1851 Hronov, Czechia |
March 12, 1930 Prague, Czechia |
1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1930 | [185] |
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Maxim Gorky | March 28, 1868 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia |
June 18, 1936 Moscow Oblast, Russia |
1918, 1923, 1928, 1933 | [186] |
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Gunnar Gunnarsson | May 18, 1889 Fljótsdalur, Iceland |
November 21, 1975 Reykjavík, Iceland |
1918, 1921, 1922, 1955, 1960, 1961, 1965, 1969 | [187] |
1919 | |||||
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Władysław Reymont | May 7, 1867 Kobiele Wielkie, Poland |
December 5, 1925 Warsaw, Poland |
1919, 1920, 1922, 1924 | Won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Literature.[188] |
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John Galsworthy | August 14, 1867 Kingston upon Thames, England |
January 31, 1933 London, England |
1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1931, 1932 | Won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature.[189] |
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Ebenezer Howard | January 29, 1850 London, England |
May 1, 1928 Welwyn Garden City, England |
1919, 1920 | Nominated the only time by Chr.Chr.Dr.Collin.[190] |
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Hugo von Hofmannsthal | February 1, 1874 Vienna, Austria |
July 15, 1929 Vienna, Austria |
1919, 1924, 1926, 1927 | [191] |
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Arno Holz | April 26, 1863 Ketrzyn, Poland |
October 26, 1929 Berlin, Germany |
1919, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929 | [192] |
1920–1929[edit]
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1920 | |||||
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Wilbur Cortez Abbott | December 28, 1869 Indiana, United States |
February 3, 1947 Massachusetts, United States |
1920 | [193] |
1921 | |||||
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Jacinto Benavente | August 12, 1866 Madrid, Spain |
July 14, 1954 Madrid, Spain |
1921, 1922 | Won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Literature.[194] |
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Jean Revel | September 22, 1848 Conteville, France |
May 4, 1925 Conteville, France |
1921 | [195] |
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Émile Boutroux | July 28, 1845 Montrouge, France |
November 22, 1921 Paris, France |
1921 | [196] |
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Stefan Żeromski | October 14, 1864 Strawczyn, Poland |
November 20, 1925 Warsaw, Poland |
1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 | [197] |
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H. G. Wells | September 21, 1866 London, England |
August 31, 1946 London, England |
1921, 1932, 1935, 1946 | [198] |
1922 | |||||
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Sigrid Undset | May 20, 1882 Kalundborg, Denmark |
June 10, 1949 Lillehammer, Norway |
1922, 1925, 1926, 1928 | Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature.[199] |
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Darrell Figgis | September 17, 1882 Dublin, Ireland |
October 27, 1925 London, England |
1922 | [200] |
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Georg von Below | January 19, 1858 Gusev, Russia |
October 20, 1927 Badenweiler, Germany |
1922 | [201] |
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Israel Zangwill | January 21, 1864 London, England |
August 1, 1926 Midhurst, England |
1922 | [202] |
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Michael Sadleir | December 25, 1888 Oxford, England |
December 13, 1957 London, England |
1922 | [203] |
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Matilde Serao | March 7, 1856 Patras, Greece |
July 25, 1927 Naples, Italy |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 | [204] |
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Roberto Bracco | November 10, 1861 Naples, Italy |
April 20, 1943 Sorrento, Italy |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 | [205] |
Ludwig von Pastor | January 31, 1854 Aachen, Germany |
September 30, 1928 Innsbruck, Austria |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929 | [206] | |
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William Inge | June 6, 1860 Crayke, England |
February 26, 1954 Wallingford, England |
1922, 1923, 1929 | [207] |
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Paul Ernst | March 7, 1866 Elbingerode, Germany |
May 13, 1933 Sankt Georgen an der Stiefing, Austria |
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 | [208] |
1923 | |||||
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Ivan Bunin | October 22, 1870 Voronezh, Russia |
November 8, 1953 Paris, France |
1923, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 | Won the 1933 Nobel Prize in Literature.[209] |
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Konstantin Balmont | June 15, 1867 Shuya, Russia |
December 23, 1942 Paris, France |
1923 | [210] |
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Einar H. Kvaran | December 6, 1859 Vallanes, Iceland |
May 21, 1938 Reykjavík, Iceland |
1923, 1924 | [211] |
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Hermann Türck[212] | March 13, 1856 Georgenburg, now Russia |
April 30, 1933 Weimar, Germany |
1923, 1924 | [213] |
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Guglielmo Ferrero | July 21, 1871 Portici, Italy |
August 3, 1942 Chardonne, Switzerland |
1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1933 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[214] |
1924 | |||||
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Thomas Mann | June 6, 1875 Lübeck, Germany |
August 21, 1955 Zürich, Switzerland |
1924, 1928, 1929, 1948 |
Won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature.[215] |
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Max Neuburger | December 8, 1868 Vienna, Austria |
March 15, 1955 Vienna, Austria |
1924 | [216] |
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Olav Duun | November 21, 1876 Namsos, Norway |
September 13, 1939 Holmestrand, Norway |
1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 | [217] |
1925 | |||||
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Johannes V. Jensen | January 20, 1873 Farsø, Denmark |
November 25, 1950 Østerbro, Denmark |
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944 | Won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Literature.[218] |
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Paul Elmer More | December 12, 1864 Missouri, United States |
March 9, 1937 New Jersey, United States |
1925 | Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year.[219] |
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Giovanni Schembari | ? Italy |
? Italy |
1925 | Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year.[220] |
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Paul Raynal | July 25, 1885 Narbonne, France |
August 18, 1971 Paris, France |
1925, 1926 | [221] |
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Ferenc Herczeg | September 22, 1863 Vršac, Serbia |
February 24, 1954 Budapest, Hungary |
1925, 1926, 1927 | [222] |
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Rudolf Maria Holzapfel | April 26, 1874 Kraków, Poland |
February 8, 1930 Muri bei Bern, Switzerland |
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929 | [223] |
1926 | |||||
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Arnold Bennett | May 27, 1867 Stoke-on-Trent, England |
March 27, 1931 London, England |
1926 | [224] |
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Pyotr Krasnov | September 22, 1869 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
January 16, 1947 Moscow, Russia |
1926 | [225] |
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Avetis Aharonian | January 9, 1866 Iğdır, Turkey |
March 20, 1948 Paris, France |
1926 | [226] |
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Sofía Casanova | September 30, 1861 A Coruña, Spain |
January 16, 1958 Poznań, Poland |
1926 | [227] |
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Vicente Huidobro | January 10, 1893 Santiago, Chile |
January 2, 1948 Cartagena, Chile |
1926 | [228] |
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Edvard Westermarck | November 20, 1862 Helsinki, Finland |
September 3, 1939 Tenala, Finland |
1926, 1927 | [229] |
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Ada Negri | February 3, 1870 Lodi, Italy |
January 11, 1945 Milan, Italy |
1926, 1927 | [230] |
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Juan Zorrilla de San Martín | December 28, 1855 Montevideo, Uruguay |
November 3, 1931 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1926, 1928 | [231] |
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Karl Kraus | April 28, 1874 Jicin, Czechia |
June 12, 1936 Vienna, Austria |
1926, 1928, 1930 | [232] |
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Georg Bonne | August 12, 1859 Hamburg, Germany |
May 1, 1945 Hamburg, Germany |
1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[233] |
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J.-H. Rosny aîné | February 17, 1856 Brussels, Belgium |
February 11, 1940 Paris, France |
1926, 1928, 1933 | [234] |
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Josip Kosor | January 27, 1879 Drniš, Croatia |
January 23, 1961 Dubrovnik, Croatia |
1926, 1927, 1939 | [235] |
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Kostis Palamas | January 13, 1859 Patras, Greece |
February 27, 1943 Athens, Greece |
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940 | [236] |
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Johannes Jørgensen | November 6, 1866 Svendborg, Denmark |
May 29, 1956 Svendborg, Denmark |
1926, 1932, 1942, 1950 | [237] |
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Concha Espina | April 15, 1869 Santander, Spain |
May 19, 1955 Madrid, Spain |
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954 | [238] |
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Paul Claudel | August 6, 1868 Villeneuve-sur-Fère, France |
February 23, 1955 Paris, France |
1926, 1937, 1941, 1950, 1951, 1955 | [239] |
1927 | |||||
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Cesare Pascarella | April 28, 1858 Rome, Italy |
May 8, 1940 Rome, Italy |
1927 | [240] |
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Eduard Meyer | January 25, 1855 Hamburg, Germany |
August 31, 1930 Berlin, Germany |
1927 | [241] |
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Samuel Parsons Scott | July 8, 1846 Ohio, United States |
May 30, 1929 Ohio, United States |
1927 | [242] |
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Edith Wharton | January 24, 1862 New York, United States |
August 11, 1937 Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France |
1927, 1928, 1930 | [243] |
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Édouard Estaunié | February 4, 1862 Dijon, France |
April 2, 1942 Paris, France |
1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 | [244] |
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Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer | December 30, 1878 Budapest, Hungary |
April 12, 1962 Munich, Germany |
1927, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | [245] |
1928 | |||||
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Armando Palacio Valdés | October 4, 1853 Entrialgo, Spain |
January 29, 1938 Madrid, Spain |
1928 | [246] |
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Blanca de los Ríos | August 15, 1859 Seville, Spain |
April 13, 1956 Madrid, Spain |
1928 | [247] |
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Edith Howes | August 29, 1872 London, England |
July 9, 1954 Dunedin, New Zealand |
1928 | [248] |
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Theodor Däubler | August 17, 1876 Trieste, Italy |
June 14, 1934 Sankt Blasien, Germany |
1928 | [249] |
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Frederik van Eeden | April 3, 1860 Haarlem, Netherlands |
June 16, 1932 Bussum, Netherlands |
1928 | [250] |
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Alf Larsen | July 22, 1885 Tjøme, Norway |
December 12, 1967 Tjøme, Norway |
1928 | [251] |
Anna de Noailles | November 15, 1876 Paris, France |
April 30, 1933 Paris, France |
1928 | [252] | |
Ivan Grozev | June 23, 1872 Sofia, Bulgaria |
January 10, 1957 London, England |
1928, 1929 | [253] | |
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Hans Driesch | October 28, 1867 Bad Kreuznach, Germany |
April 17, 1941 Leipzig, Germany |
1928, 1930, 1932 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[254] |
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Rudolf Hans Bartsch | February 11, 1873 Graz, Austria |
February 7, 1952 Graz, Austria |
1928, 1929, 1930, 1933 | [255] |
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Rufino Blanco Fombona | June 17, 1874 Caracas, Venezuela |
October 16, 1944 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1928, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1935 | [256] |
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Felix Timmermans | July 5, 1886 Lier, Belgium |
January 24, 1947 Lier, Belgium |
1928, 1940, 1941 | [257] |
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Ricarda Huch | July 18, 1864 Braunschweig, Germany |
November 17, 1947 Kronberg, Germany |
1928, 1935, 1937, 1946 | [258] |
1929 | |||||
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Cale Young Rice | December 11, 1872 Kentucky, United States |
January 24, 1943 Kentucky, United States |
1929 | [259] |
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Knud Rasmussen | June 7, 1879 Ilulissat, Greenland |
December 21, 1933 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1929 | [260] |
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Stefan George | July 12, 1868 Büdesheim, Germany |
December 4, 1933 Minusio, Switzerland |
1929, 1931 | [261] |
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Edwin Arlington Robinson | December 22, 1869 Maine, United States |
April 6, 1935 New York, United States |
1929, 1930, 1932, 1934 | [262] |
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Benedetto Croce | February 25, 1866 Pescasseroli, Italy |
November 20, 1952 Naples, Italy |
1929, 1933, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952 | [263] |
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Thornton Wilder | April 17, 1897 Wisconsin, United States |
December 7, 1975 Connecticut, United States |
1929, 1949, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [264] |
1930–1939[edit]
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1930 | |||||
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Sinclair Lewis | February 7, 1885 Minnesota, United States |
January 10, 1951 Rome, Italy |
1930 | Won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Literature.[265] |
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Frans Eemil Sillanpää | September 16, 1888 Hämeenkyrö, Finland |
June 3, 1964 Helsinki, Finland |
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 | Won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Literature.[266] |
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Theodore Dreiser | August 27, 1871 Indiana, United States |
December 28, 1945 California, United States |
1930 | [267] |
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Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo | September 19, 1887 Los Teques, Venezuela |
(?) 1959 Caracas, Venezuela |
1930 | [268] |
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Manfred Kyber | March 1, 1880 Riga, Latvia |
March 10, 1933 Löwenstein, Germany |
1930 | [269] |
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Arvid Järnefelt | November 16, 1861 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
December 27, 1932 Helsinki, Finland |
1930 | [270] |
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Yrjö Hirn | December 7, 1870 Lappeenranta, Finland |
February 23, 1952 Helsinki, Finland |
1930 | [271] |
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Edgar Lee Masters | August 23, 1868 Kansas, United States |
March 5, 1950 Pennsylvania, United States |
1930 | [272] |
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Nathanael Jünger | October 23, 1871 Hamburg, Germany |
September 29, 1941 Potsdam, Germany |
1930, 1931 | [273] |
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Anton Wildgans | April 17, 1881 Vienna, Austria |
May 3, 1932 Mödling, Austria |
1930, 1931, 1932 | [274] |
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Paul Valéry | October 30, 1871 Sète, France |
July 20, 1945 Paris, France |
1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1945 | [275] |
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Lion Feuchtwanger | July 7, 1884 Munich, Germany |
December 21, 1958 California, United States |
1930, 1955, 1956, 1957 | [276] |
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Rudolf Kassner | September 11, 1873 Velké Pavlovice, Czechia |
April 1, 1959 Sierre, Switzerland |
1930, 1931, 1932, 1935, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1959 | [277][278] |
1931 | |||||
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Hermann Hesse | July 2, 1877 Calw, Germany |
August 9, 1962 Collina d’Oro, Switzerland |
1931, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1944, 1946 | Won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Literature.[279] |
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Laura Mestre Hevia | April 6, 1867 Havana, Cuba |
January 11, 1944 Havana, Cuba |
1931 | [280] |
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Francis Jammes | December 2, 1868 Tournay, France |
November 1, 1938 Hasparren, France |
1931 | [281] |
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Ole Edvart Rølvaag | April 22, 1876 Dønna, Norway |
November 5, 1931 Minnesota, United States |
1931 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[282] |
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Erich Maria Remarque | June 22, 1898 Osnabrück, Germany |
September 25, 1970 Locarno, Switzerland |
1931 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[283] |
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Ivan Shmelyov | October 3, 1873 Moscow, Russia |
June 24, 1950 Paris, France |
1931, 1932 | [284] |
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Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić | April 18, 1874 Ogulin, Croatia |
September 21, 1938 Zagreb, Croatia |
1931, 1935, 1937, 1938 | [285] |
Ramón Pérez de Ayala | August 9, 1880 Oviedo, Spain |
August 5, 1962 Madrid, Spain |
1931, 1934, 1947 | [286] | |
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Martin Andersen Nexø | June 26, 1869 Christianshavn, Denmark |
June 1, 1954 Dresden, Germany |
1931, 1950 | [287] |
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Ramón Menéndez Pidal | March 13, 1869 A Coruña, Spain |
November 14, 1968 Madrid, Spain |
1931, 1932, 1934, 1938, 1939, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | Menéndez Pidal earns the highest record as the most nominated person for the Nobel Prize in Literature but never won the prize. He was nominated 151 times.[288] |
1932 | |||||
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Francesco Orestano | April 14, 1873 Alia, Italy |
August 20, 1945 Rome, Italy |
1932 | [289] |
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Axel Munthe | October 31, 1857 Oskarshamn, Sweden |
February 11, 1949 Stockholm, Sweden |
1932 | [290] |
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Percival Elgood | July 3, 1863 Marlborough, England |
December 20, 1941 Cairo, Egypt |
1932 | [291] |
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Grigol Robakidze | October 28, 1880 Imereti, Georgia |
November 19, 1962 Geneva, Switzerland |
1932 | [292] |
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Michael Blümelhuber | September 23, 1865 Christkindl, Austria |
January 29, 1936 Steyr, Austria |
1932, 1933, 1934 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[293] |
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Karel Čapek | January 9, 1890 Malé Svatoňovice, Czechia |
December 25, 1938 Prague, Czechia |
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938 | [294] |
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Vilhelm Ekelund | October 14, 1880 Scania, Sweden |
September 3, 1949 Saltsjöbaden, Sweden |
1932, 1941 | [295] |
Manuel Gálvez | May 6, 1882 Parana, Argentina |
November 14, 1962 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1932, 1933, 1934, 1951, 1952 | [296] | |
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Upton Sinclair | September 20, 1878 Maryland, United States |
November 25, 1968 New Jersey, United States |
1932, 1933, 1934, 1965 | [297] |
1933 | |||||
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Henrique Coelho Neto | February 21, 1864 Maranhão, Brazil |
November 28, 1934 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
1933 | [298] |
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Max Beerbohm | August 24, 1872 London, England |
May 20, 1956 Rapallo, Italy |
1933 | [299] |
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Joseph Bédier | January 28, 1864 Paris, France |
August 29, 1938 Le Grand-Serre, France |
1933, 1934 | [300] |
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Ernest Roguin | May 27, 1851 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland |
May 5, 1939 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1933, 1934 | [301] |
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Hayim Nahman Bialik | January 9, 1873 Volhynia, Russia |
July 4, 1934 Vienna, Austria |
1933, 1934 | [302] |
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Hermann Stehr | February 16, 1864 Bystrzyca Klodzka, Poland |
September 11, 1940 Szklarska Poręba, Poland |
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936 | [303] |
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António Correia de Oliveira | July 30, 1878 São Pedro do Sul, Portugal |
February 20, 1960 Esposende, Portugal |
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942 | [304] |
Carlos María Ocantos | August 24, 1860 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
March 29, 1949 Madrid, Spain |
1933, 1943 | [305] | |
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José Ortega y Gasset | May 9, 1883 Madrid, Spain |
October 18, 1955 Madrid, Spain |
1933, 1951 | [306] |
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Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | September 5, 1888 Thiruttani, India |
April 17, 1975 Chennai, India |
1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 | Second President of India (1962 – 1967). Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[307] |
1934 | |||||
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Luigi Pirandello | June 28, 1867 Agrigento, Italy |
December 10, 1936 Rome, Italy |
1934 | Won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature.[308] |
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Eugene O’Neill | October 16, 1888 New York, United States |
November 27, 1953 Massachusetts, United States |
1934, 1935, 1936 | Won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1937.[309] |
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Roger Martin du Gard | March 23, 1881 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France |
August 22, 1958 Belforêt-en-Perche, France |
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 | Won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature.[310] |
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Francisco García Calderón Rey | April 8, 1883 Valparaíso, Chile |
July 1, 1953 Lima, Peru |
1934 | [311] |
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Ventura García Calderón | February 23, 1886 Paris, France |
October 27, 1959 Paris, France |
1934 | [312] |
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Ole Hallesby | August 5, 1879 Aremark, Norway |
November 22, 1961 Oslo, Norway |
1934 | [313] |
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Ewald Magnus Engebrethsen Sundberg | October 8, 1886 Kristiansand, Norway |
April 1967 Norway |
1934 | [314] |
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Hans Henrik Holm | January 18, 1896 Oslo, Norway |
September 27, 1980 Oslo, Norway |
1934 | [315] |
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Franz Karl Ginzkey | September 8, 1871 Pula, Croatia |
April 11, 1963 Vienna, Austria |
1934, 1935 | [316] |
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Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński | September 14, 1859 Kiev, Ukraine |
May 8, 1944 Schondorf, Germany |
1934, 1935 | [317] |
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Jarl Hemmer | September 18, 1893 Vaasa, Finland |
December 6, 1944 Porvoo, Finland |
1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939 | [318] |
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Maria Madalena Valdez Trigueiros de Martel Patrício | April 19, 1884 Lisbon, Portugal |
November 3, 1947 Lisbon, Portugal |
1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 | [319] |
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Jean Schlumberger | May 26, 1877 Guebwiller, France |
October 25, 1968 Paris, France |
1934, 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, 1964 | [320] |
1935 | |||||
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James Cousins | July 22, 1873 Belfast, Northern Ireland |
February 20, 1956 Madanapalle, India |
1935 | [321]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Sven Erik Lönborg | March 16, 1871 Motala, Sweden |
April 11, 1959 Uppsala, Sweden |
1935 | [322]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Émile Mâle | June 2, 1862 Commentry, France |
October 6, 1954 Fontaine-Chaalis, France |
1935 | [323]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Guðmundur Kamban | June 8, 1888 Reykjavík, Iceland |
May 5, 1945 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1935 | [324]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Violet Clifton | November 2, 1883 Rome, Italy |
November 20, 1961 Lytham St Annes, England |
1935 | [325]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Elise Richter | March 2, 1865 Vienna, Austria |
June 23, 1943 Theresienstadt Ghetto, Czechia |
1935 | Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year.[326] |
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Gilbert Keith Chesterton | May 29, 1874 Kensington, England |
June 14, 1936 Beaconsfield, England |
1935 | [327]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Dezső Szabó | June 10, 1879 Cluj-Napoca, Romania |
January 13, 1945 Budapest, Hungary |
1935 | [328]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Víctor Manuel Rendón | December 5, 1859 Guayaquil, Ecuador |
October 9, 1940 Guayaquil, Ecuador |
1935 | [329]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Edvarts Virza | December 27, 1883 Ozolnieki, Latvia |
March 1, 1940 Riga, Latvia |
1935, 1936 | [330]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded these years. |
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Miguel de Unamuno | September 29, 1864 Bilbao, Spain |
December 31, 1936 Salamanca, Spain |
1935, 1936 | [331]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded these years. |
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Shaul Tchernichovsky | August 20, 1875 Kiev, Ukraine |
October 14, 1943 Jerusalem, Israel |
1935, 1937 | [332] |
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John Masefield | June 1, 1878 Ledbury, England |
May 12, 1967 Abingdon, England |
1935, 1937 | [333] |
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Jules Romains | August 26, 1885 Saint-Julien-Chapteuil, France |
August 14, 1972 Paris, France |
1935, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1963, 1966 | [334] |
1936 | |||||
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Asis Domet | June 25, 1890 Cairo, Egypt |
June 27, 1943 Berlin, Germany |
1936 | [335]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Hari Mohan Banerjee | ? India |
September 3, 1960 Kolkata, India |
1936 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[336] Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti | January 10, 1871 Vienna, Austria |
April 8, 1955 Linz, Austria |
1936 | [337]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Ludwig Klages | December 10, 1872 Hanover, Germany |
July 29, 1956 Kilchberg, Switzerland |
1936, 1937 | [338]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Sigmund Freud | May 6, 1856 Příbor, Czechia |
September 23, 1939 London, England |
1936 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[339] Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Alfred Edward Evershed | April 22, 1870 Littlehampton, England |
May 31, 1941 Tasmania, Australia |
1936 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[340] Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Cécile Tormay | October 8, 1875 Budapest, Hungary |
April 2, 1937 Gyöngyös, Hungary |
1936, 1937 | [341] |
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Hans Fallada | July 21, 1893 Greifswald, Germany |
February 5, 1947 Berlin, Germany |
1936, 1939 | [342] |
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Arvid Mörne | May 6, 1876 Kuopio, Finland |
June 15, 1946 Kauniainen, Finland |
1936, 1945, 1946 | [343] |
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Georges Duhamel | June 30, 1884 Paris, France |
April 13, 1966 Valmondois, France |
1936, 1937, 1940, 1942, 1942, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1961 | [344] |
1937 | |||||
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Maurice Magre | March 2, 1877 Toulouse, France |
December 11, 1941 Nice, France |
1937 | [345] |
Jules Payot | April 10, 1859 Chamonix, France |
January 30, 1940 Aix-en-Provence, France |
1937 | [346] | |
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Arnold Schering | April 2, 1877 Wrocław, Poland |
March 7, 1941 Berlin, Germany |
1937 | [347] |
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Maria Jotuni | April 9, 1880 Kuopio, Finland |
September 30, 1943 Helsinki, Finland |
1937 | [348] |
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Albert Verwey | May 15, 1865 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
March 8, 1937 Noordwijk, Netherlands |
1937 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[349] |
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William Burchell/Bashyr Pickard | July 31, 1889 London, England |
January 25, 1973 Hertford, England |
1937 | [350] |
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Valdemar Rørdam | September 23, 1872 Fakse, Denmark |
July 13, 1946 Holbæk, Denmark |
1937, 1938 | [351] |
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Sally Salminen | April 25, 1906 Vårdö, Åland, Finland |
July 18, 1976 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1937, 1938, 1939 | [352] |
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Bensadhar Majumdar | ? India |
? India |
1937, 1939 | [353] |
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Maila Talvio | October 17, 1871 Hartola, Finland |
January 6, 1951 Helsinki, Finland |
1937, 1939, 1947 | [354] |
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René Béhaine | June 17, 1880 Vervins, France |
January 2, 1966 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France |
1937, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1944 1948, 1965 | [355] |
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Johan Falkberget | September 30, 1879 Røros, Norway |
April 5, 1967 Røros, Norway |
1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965 | [356] |
Stijn Streuvels | October 3, 1871 Kortrijk, Belgium |
August 15, 1969 Anzegem, Belgium |
1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1950, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1969 | [357] | |
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Jean Giono | March 30, 1895 Manosque, France |
October 9, 1970 Manosque, France |
1937, 1952, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [358] |
1938 | |||||
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Pearl Buck | June 26, 1892 West Virginia, United States |
March 6, 1973 Vermont, United States |
1938 | Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[359] |
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Arthur van Schendel | March 5, 1874 Jakarta, Indonesia |
September 11, 1946 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
1938 | [360] |
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Margaret Mitchell | November 8, 1900 Georgia, United States |
August 16, 1949 Georgia, United States |
1938 | [361] |
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Veikko Antero Koskenniemi | July 8, 1885 Oulu, Finland |
August 4, 1962 Turku, Finland |
1938 | [362] |
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Robert Ritchie Racey | May 3, 1873 Canada |
September 15, 1956 Paris, Ontario, Canada |
1938 | [363] |
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Mohammad Khan (prob. Mohammad Habib (1895–1971)) |
? India |
? India |
1938 | [364] |
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Sanjib Chaudhuri | ? India |
? India |
1938, 1939 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[365] |
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Henriette Charasson | February 13, 1884 Le Havre, France |
May 29, 1972 Toulouse, France |
1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957 | [366] |
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Mark Aldanov | November 7, 1886 Kiev, Ukraine |
February 24, 1957 Nice, France |
1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 | [367] |
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Herman Teirlinck | February 24, 1879 Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Belgium |
February 4, 1967 Beersel, Belgium |
1938, 1954, 1957, 1960 | [368] |
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Aldous Huxley | July 26, 1894 Godalming, England |
November 22, 1963 California, United States |
1938, 1939, 1955, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963 | [369] |
1939 | |||||
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Flávio de Carvalho | August 10, 1899 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
June 4, 1973 São Paulo, Brazil |
1939 | [370] |
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Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel | November 6, 1870 Liverpool, England |
February 5, 1963 London, England |
1939 | [371] |
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Egidio Poblete Escudero | November 7, 1868 Valparaíso, Chile |
October 18, 1940 Valparaíso, Chile |
1939 | [372] |
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Ethel Florence Richardson | January 3, 1870 East Melbourne, Australia |
March 20, 1946 Hastings, England |
1939 | [373] |
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Hugh Walpole | March 13, 1884 Auckland, New Zealand |
June 1, 1941 Keswick, England |
1939 | [374] |
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Johan Huizinga | December 7, 1872 Groningen, Netherlands |
February 1, 1945 De Steeg, Netherlands |
1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1953, 1944, 1945 | [375] |
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Henriette Roland Holst | December 24, 1869 Noordwijk, Netherlands |
November 21, 1952 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
1939, 1950, 1952 | [376][377] |
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Eugène Baie | August 3, 1874 Anderlecht, Belgium |
September 10, 1964 Anderlecht, Belgium |
1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956 | [378] |
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Hu Shih | December 17, 1891 Songjiang, China |
February 24, 1962 Taipei, Taiwan |
1939, 1957 | First Chinese nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[379] |
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Maria Dąbrowska | October 6, 1889 Russów, Poland |
May 19, 1965 Warsaw, Poland |
1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965 | [380] |
1940–1949[edit]
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1940 | |||||
![]() |
Gabriela Mistral | April 7, 1889 Vicuña, Chile |
January 10, 1957 New York, United States |
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 | Won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.[381] |
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Alfonso Strafile | 1872 Cerignola, Italy |
? Italy |
1940 | [382] Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Gösta Albert Carlberg | September 23, 1909 Norrköping, Sweden |
March 13, 1973 Stockholm, Sweden |
1940 | [383]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Bert Bailey | June 11, 1868 Auckland, New Zealand |
March 30, 1953 Darlinghurst, Australia |
1940 | [384]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Edmund Blunden | November 1, 1896 London, England |
January 20, 1974 Long Melford, England |
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 | [385] |
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Carl Sandburg | January 6, 1878 Illinois, United States |
July 22, 1967 North Carolina, United States |
1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1958, 1959 | [386] |
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Lin Yutang | October 10, 1895 Zhangzhou, China |
March 26, 1976 Hong Kong |
1940, 1950, 1970, 1972 | [387] |
1941 | |||||
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Manoel Cyrillo Wanderley (prob. Manuel Bandeira (1886–1968)) |
Brazil |
Brazil |
1941 | [388]Nominated by member of the Brasilian Academy Archbishop of Cuiabá Francisco. Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Ruth Comfort Young | July 21, 1882 California, United States |
February 18, 1954 California, United States |
1941 | [389]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Branislav Petronijević | March 25, 1875 Sovljak, Serbia |
March 4, 1954 Belgrade, Serbia |
1941, 1947 | [390] |
1942 | |||||
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Sigfrid Siwertz | January 24, 1882 Stockholm, Sweden |
November 26, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden |
1942 | [391]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
![]() |
Nikolai Berdyaev | March 18, 1874 Kiev, Ukraine |
March 24, 1948 Clamart, France |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948 | [392] |
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Teixeira de Pascoaes | November 2, 1877 Amarante, Portugal |
December 14, 1952 Amarante, Portugal |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1948 | [393] |
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Charles Langbridge Morgan | January 22, 1894 Bromley, England |
February 6, 1958 London, England |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 | [394] |
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Enrique Larreta | March 4, 1875 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
July 6, 1961 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1942, 1943, 1944, 1950 | [395] |
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Hans Carossa | December 15, 1878 Bad Tölz, Germany |
September 12, 1956 Lower Bavaria, Germany |
1942, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1955, 1956 | [396] |
1943 | |||||
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John Steinbeck | February 27, 1902 California, United States |
December 20, 1968 New York, United States |
1943, 1944, 1945, 1949, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 | Won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature.[397] |
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Sri Aurobindo | August 15, 1872 Kolkata, India |
December 5, 1950 Puducherry, India |
1943 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[398] Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Franz Werfel | September 10, 1890 Prague, Czechia |
August 26, 1945 California, United States |
1943, 1945 | [399] |
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Franz Hellens | September 8, 1881 Brussels, Belgium |
January 20, 1972 Brussels, Belgium |
1943, 1948, 1958, 1954 | [400] |
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Elisaveta Bagryana | April 16, 1893 Sofia, Bulgaria |
March 23, 1991 Sofia, Bulgaria |
1943, 1944, 1945, 1969 | [401] |
1944 | |||||
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Abol-Gassem E’tessam Zadeh | ? Iran |
? Iran |
1944 | [402] |
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Luis Nueda y Santiago | 1883 Madrid, Spain |
1952 Madrid, Spain |
1944 | [403] |
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Charles Ferdinand Ramuz | September 24, 1878 Lausanne, Switzerland |
May 23, 1947 Pully, Switzerland |
1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 | [404] |
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Arnulf Øverland | April 27, 1889 Kristiansund, Norway |
March 25, 1968 Oslo, Norway |
1944, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1965, 1966, 1967 | [405] |
1945 | |||||
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Thomas Sterns Eliot | September 26, 1888 Missouri, United States |
January 4, 1965 Kensington, England |
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948 | Won the 1948 Nobel Prize in Literature.[406] |
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Yiorgos Theotokas | April 27, 1906 Constantinople, Turkey |
October 30, 1966 Athens, Greece |
1945 | [407] |
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Edward Morgan Forster | January 1, 1879 London, England |
June 7, 1970 Coventry, England |
1945, 1946, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [408][409] |
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Marie Under | March 27, 1883 Reval, Estonia |
September 25, 1980 Stockholm, Sweden |
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [410] |
1946 | |||||
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André Gide | November 22, 1869 Paris, France |
February 19, 1951 Paris, France |
1946, 1947 | Won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature.[411] |
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François Mauriac | October 11, 1885 Bordeaux, France |
September 1, 1970 Paris, France |
1946, 1949, 1950, 1952 | Won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Literature.[412] |
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Winston Churchill | November 30, 1874 Blenheim Palace, England |
January 24, 1965 Kensington, England |
1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 | Won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature.[413] |
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Boris Pasternak | February 10, 1890 Moscow, Russia |
May 30, 1960 Moscow, Russia |
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1957, 1958 | Won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature.[414] |
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Herbert John Clifford Grierson | January 16, 1866 Lerwick, Scotland |
February 19, 1960 Cambridge, England |
1946 | [415] |
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Sholem Asch | November 1, 1880 Kutno, Poland |
July 10, 1957 London, England |
1946, 1947 | [416] |
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Angelos Sikelianos | March 28, 1884 Lefkada, Greece |
June 19, 1951 Athens, Greece |
1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 | [417] |
Ignazio Silone | May 1, 1900 Pescina, Italy |
August 22, 1978 Geneva, Switzerland |
1946, 1947, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1969 | [418] | |
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Tarjei Vesaas | August 20, 1897 Vinje, Norway |
March 15, 1970 Oslo, Norway |
1946, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 | [419] |
1947 | |||||
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Pär Lagerkvist | May 23, 1891 Växjö, Sweden |
July 11, 1974 Lidingö, Sweden |
1947, 1949, 1950, 1951 | Won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Literature.[420] |
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Ernest Hemingway | July 21, 1899 Illinois, United States |
July 2, 1961 Idaho, United States |
1947, 1950, 1953, 1954 | Won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature.[421] |
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Mikhail Sholokhov | May 24, 1905 Vyoshenskaya, Russia |
February 21, 1984 Vyoshenskaya, Russia |
1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | Won the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature.,[422][423] |
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Shmuel Yosef Agnon | August 8, 1887 Buchach, Ukraine |
February 17, 1970 Jerusalem, Israel |
1947, 1948, 1951, 1965, 1966 | Won the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Nelly Sachs.[424] |
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Bernard O'Dowd | April 11, 1866 Beaufort, Australia |
September 1, 1953 Melbourne, Australia |
1947 | [425] |
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Horace Kallen | August 11, 1882 Bierutow, Poland |
February 16, 1974 Florida, United States |
1947 | [426] |
Gregorios Xenopoulos | December 9, 1867 Constantinople, Turkey |
January 14, 1951 Athens, Greece |
1947 | [427] | |
Toyohiko Kagawa | July 10, 1888 Hyogo, Japan |
April 23, 1960 Tokyo, Japan |
1947, 1948 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[428] | |
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Georgios Drosinis | December 9, 1859 Athens, Greece |
January 3, 1951 Kifisia, Greece |
1947, 1948 | [429] |
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Nikos Kazantzakis | February 18, 1883 Heraklion, Greece |
October 26, 1957 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany |
1947, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 | [430] |
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André Malraux | November 3, 1901 Paris, France |
November 23, 1976 Créteil, France |
1947, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [431] |
1948 | |||||
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Halldór Laxness | April 23, 1902 Reykjavík, Iceland |
February 8, 1998 Reykjavík, Iceland |
1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 | Won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature.[432] |
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Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette | January 28, 1873 Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, France |
August 3, 1954 Paris, France |
1948 | [433] |
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Dorothy Canfield Fisher | February 17, 1879 Kansas, United States |
November 9, 1958 Vermont, United States |
1948, 1949 | [434] |
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George Santayana | December 16, 1863 Madrid, Spain |
September 26, 1952 Rome, Italy |
1948, 1949 | [435] |
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Zalman Shneur | ca. 1887 Shkloŭ, Belarus |
February 20, 1959 New York, United States |
1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1957 | [436][437] |
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George Macauley Trevelyan | February 16, 1876 Stratford-upon-Avon, England |
July 21, 1962 Cambridge, England |
1948, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1960 | [438] |
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Riccardo Bacchelli | April 19, 1891 Bologna, Italy |
October 8, 1985 Monza, Italy |
1948, 1949, 1954, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [439] |
1949 | |||||
![]() |
William Faulkner | September 25, 1897 Mississippi, United States |
July 6, 1962 Mississippi, United States |
1949, 1950 | Won the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950.[440] |
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Albert Camus | November 7, 1913 Algiers, Algeria |
January 4, 1960 Villeblevin, France |
1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 | Won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature.[441] |
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Jacinto Grau | ca. 1877 Barcelona, Spain |
August 14, 1958 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1949 | [442]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
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Reinaldo Temprano Azcona | 1911 Pajares de la Lampreana, Spain |
1954 Spain |
1949 | [443]Nobel Prize in Literature has not been awarded this year. |
![]() |
Leonid Leonov | May 31, 1899 Moscow, Russia |
August 8, 1994 Moscow, Russia |
1949, 1950 | [444] |
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Enrique González Martínez | April 13, 1871 Guadalajara, Mexico |
February 19, 1952 Mexico City, Mexico |
1949, 1952 | [445] |
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Alfonso Reyes | May 17, 1889 Monterrey, Mexico |
December 27, 1959 Mexico City, Mexico |
1949, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959 | First Mexican nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[446] |
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Seán O'Casey | March 30, 1880 Dublin, Ireland |
September 18, 1964 Torquay, England |
1949, 1950, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [447] |
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Taha Hussein | November 15, 1889 Maghagha, Egypt |
October 28, 1973 Cairo, Egypt |
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972 | First Egyptian nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.[448] |
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Alberto Moravia | November 28, 1907 Rome, Italy |
September 26, 1990 Rome, Italy |
1949, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [449] |
1950–1959[edit]
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | |||||
![]() |
Bertrand Russell | May 18, 1872 Trellech, Wales |
February 2, 1970 Penrhyndeudraeth, Wales |
1950 | Won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature.[450] |
![]() |
Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany | July 24, 1878 London, England |
October 25, 1957 Dublin, Ireland |
1950 | [451] |
![]() |
Leopold Staff | November 14, 1878 Lviv, Ukraine |
May 31, 1957 Skarżysko-Kamienna, Poland |
1950 | [452] |
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Thomas Head Raddall | November 13, 1903 Hythe, England |
April 1, 1994 Liverpool, England |
1950 | [453] |
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Albert Steffen | December 10, 1884 Wynau, Switzerland |
July 13, 1963 Dornach, Switzerland |
1950 | [454] |
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John Dewey | October 20, 1859 Vermont, United States |
June 1, 1952 New York, United States |
1950 | [455] |
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Hermann Broch | November 1, 1886 Vienna, Austria |
May 30, 1951 Connecticut, United States |
1950 | [456] |
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Júlio Dantas | May 19, 1876 Lagos, Portugal |
May 25, 1962 Lisbon, Portugal |
1950, 1951 | [457] |
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Alfred Noyes | September 16, 1880 Wolverhampton, England |
June 25, 1958 Isle of Wight, England |
1950, 1951 | [458] |
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Jakobus Cornelis Bloem | May 10, 1887 Oudshoorn, Netherlands |
August 10, 1966 Kalenberg, Netherlands |
1950, 1952 | [459] |
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Arnold Joseph Toynbee | April 14, 1889 London, England |
October 22, 1975 York, England |
1950, 1957 | [460] |
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Karl Jaspers | February 23, 1883 Oldenburg, Germany |
February 26, 1969 Basel, Switzerland |
1950, 1960 | [461] |
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Karen Blixen | April 17, 1885 Rungsted, Denmark |
September 7, 1962 Rungsted, Denmark |
1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 | [462] |
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Gertrud von Le Fort | October 11, 1876 Minden, Germany |
November 1, 1971 Oberstdorf, Germany |
1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [463][464] |
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Robert Frost | March 26, 1874 California, United States |
January 29, 1963 Massachusetts, United States |
1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 | [465] |
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Martin Buber | February 8, 1878 Vienna, Austria |
June 13, 1965 Jerusalem, Israel |
1950, 1954, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[466] |
![]() |
Robert Graves | July 24, 1895 Wimbledon, England |
December 7, 1985 Deià, Spain |
1950, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [467] |
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Simon Vestdijk | October 17, 1898 Harlingen, Netherlands |
March 23, 1971 Utrecht, Netherlands |
1950, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [468] |
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Mika Waltari | September 19, 1908 Helsinki, Finland |
August 26, 1979 Helsinki, Finland |
1950, 1951, 1952, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1971 | [469] |
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Graham Greene | October 2, 1904 Berkhamsted, England |
April 3, 1991 Vevey, Switzerland |
1950, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [470] |
1951 | |||||
![]() |
Ezequiel Martínez Estrada | September 14, 1895 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
November 4, 1964 Bahía Blanca, Argentina |
1951 | [471] |
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Sotíris Skípis | ca. 1881 Athens, Greece |
September 29, 1952 Provence, France |
1951 | [472] |
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Katharine Susannah Prichard | December 4, 1883 Levuka, Fiji |
October 2, 1969 Greenmount, Australia |
1951 | [473] |
María Enriqueta Camarillo | February 19, 1872 Coatepec, Mexico |
February 13, 1968 Mexico City, Mexico |
1951 | [474] | |
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Rómulo Gallegos | August 2, 1884 Caracas, Venezuela |
April 5, 1969 Caracas, Venezuela |
1951, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967 | [475] |
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José Maria Ferreira de Castro | May 24, 1898 Ossela, Portugal |
June 29, 1974 Porto, Portugal |
1951, 1952, 1969, 1970 | [476][477] |
1952 | |||||
Juan Ramón Jiménez | December 24, 1881 Moguer, Spain |
May 29, 1958 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 | Won the 1956 Nobel Prize in Literature.[478] | |
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Albert Schweitzer | January 14, 1875 Kaysersberg-Vignoble, France |
September 4, 1965 Lambarene, Gabon |
1952 | Won the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize.[479] |
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John Dover Wilson | July 13, 1881 London, England |
January 15, 1969 Balerno, Scotland |
1952 | [480] |
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Charles Plisnier | December 13, 1896 Ghlin, Belgium |
July 17, 1952 Brussels, Belgium |
1952 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[481] |
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Paul Vialar | September 18, 1898 Saint-Denis, France |
January 8, 1996 Vaucresson, France |
1952 | [482] |
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Louis Artus | January 10, 1870 Paris, France |
May 11, 1960 Paris, France |
1952 | [483] |
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Van Wyck Brooks | February 16, 1886 New Jersey, United States |
May 2, 1963 Connecticut, United States |
1952 | [484] |
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Walter de la Mare | April 25, 1873 London, England |
June 22, 1956 Twickenham, England |
1952, 1953 | [485] |
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Julien Benda | December 26, 1867 Paris, France |
June 7, 1956 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France |
1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 | [486] |
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Werner Bergengruen | September 16, 1892 Riga, Latvia |
September 4, 1964 Baden-Baden, Germany |
1952, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1963 | [487][488] |
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Salvador de Madariaga | July 23, 1886 A Coruña, Spain |
December 14, 1978 Muralto, Switzerland |
1952, 1963, 1971 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[489] |
1953 | |||||
![]() |
Gottfried Benn | May 2, 1886 Putlitz, Germany |
July 97, 1956 Berlin, Germany |
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 | [490] |
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Max Mell | November 10, 1882 Maribor, Slovenia |
December 12, 1971 Vienna, Austria |
1953, 1954, 1960, 1962 | [491] |
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Alberto Hidalgo Lobato | May 23, 1897 Arequipa, Peru |
November 12, 1967 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1953, 1966, 1968 | [492] |
1954 | |||||
![]() |
Jaroslav Seifert | September 23, 1901 Prague, Czechia |
January 10, 1986 Prague, Czechia |
1954, 1968, 1969 | Won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Literature.[493] |
![]() |
Ricardo Rojas | September 16, 1882 Tucumán, Argentina |
July 29, 1957 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1954 | [494] |
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Gustave Vanzype | June 10, 1869 Brussels, Belgium |
September 12, 1955 Brussels, Belgium |
1954 | [495] |
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Georgios Vouyouklatis | 1903 Greece |
1956 Paris, France |
1954 | [496] |
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Carl Jung | July 26, 1875 Kesswil, Switzerland |
June 6, 1961 Küsnacht, Switzerland |
1954 | Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine too.[497] |
1955 | |||||
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Saint-John Perse | May 31, 1887 Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe |
September 20, 1975 Hyères, France |
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 | Won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Literature.[498] |
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Giorgos Seferis | March 13, 1900 Urla, Turkey |
September 20, 1971 Athens, Greece |
1955, 1961, 1962, 1963 | Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Literature.[499] |
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Eugenio Montale | October 12, 1896 Genoa, Italy |
September 12, 1981 Milan, Italy |
1955, 1961, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature.[500] |
![]() |
Igor Gouzenko | January 13, 1919 Dmitrov, Russia |
June 28, 1982 Mississauga, Canada |
1955 | [501] |
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Gustav Suits | November 18, 1883 Võnnu, Estonia |
May 23, 1956 Stockholm, Sweden |
1955 | [502] |
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Reinhold Schneider | May 13, 1903 Baden-Baden, Germany |
April 6, 1958 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany |
1955 | [503] |
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Ernst Robert Curtius | April 14, 1886 Thann, France |
April 19, 1956 Rome, Italy |
1955 | [504] |
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Carlos Vaz Ferreira | October 15, 1872 Montevideo, Uruguay |
January 3, 1958 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1955 | [505] |
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Arthur Bryant | February 18, 1899 Dersingham, England |
January 22, 1985 Wiltshire, England |
1955 | [506] |
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Giovanni Papini | January 9, 1881 Florence, Italy |
July 8, 1956 Florence, Italy |
1955 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[507] |
![]() |
Edith Sitwell | September 7, 1887 Scarborough, England |
December 9, 1964 London, England |
1955, 1958, 1959 | [508] |
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Adriaan Roland Holst | May 23, 1888 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
August 5, 1976 Bergen, Netherlands |
1955, 1961 | [509][510] |
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William Somerset Maugham | January 25, 1874 Paris, France |
December 16, 1965 Nice, France |
1955, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965 | [511] |
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Leslie Poles Hartley | December 30, 1895 Whittlesey, England |
December 13, 1972 London, England |
1955, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966 | [512] |
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Henri Bosco | November 16, 1888 Avignon, France |
May 4, 1976 Nice, France |
1955, 1956, 1965, 1966, 1968 | [513] |
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Giuseppe Ungaretti | February 8, 1888 Alexandria, Egypt |
June 1, 1970 Milan, Italy |
1955, 1956, 1958, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970 | [514] |
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Ezra Pound | October 30, 1885 Idaho, United States |
November 1, 1972 Venice, Italy |
1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 | [515] |
1956 | |||||
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Pablo Neruda | July 12, 1904 Parral, Chile |
September 23, 1973 Santiago, Chile |
1956, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | Won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature.[516] |
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Jean Guitton | August 18, 1901 Saint-Étienne, France |
March 21, 1999 Paris, France |
1956 | [517] |
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Marthe Bibesco | January 28, 1886 Bucharest, Romania |
November 28, 1973 Paris, France |
1956 | [518] |
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Francesco Chiesa | July 5, 1871 Sagno, Switzerland |
June 13, 1973 Lugano, Switzerland |
1956 | [519] |
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Bertolt Brecht | February 10, 1898 Augsburg, Germany |
August 14, 1956 East Berlin, Germany |
1956 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[520] |
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Melpo Axioti | July 15, 1905 Athens, Greece |
May 22, 1973 Athens, Greece |
1956 | [521] |
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Armand Godoy | April 1, 1880 Havana, Cuba |
March 11, 1964 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1956 | [522] |
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Elizabeth Goudge | April 24, 1900 Wells, England |
April 1, 1984 Oxfordshire, England |
1956, 1959 | [523] |
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Gonzague de Reynold | July 15, 1880 Cressier, Switzerland |
April 9, 1970 Fribourg, Switzerland |
1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960 | [524] |
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Jules Supervielle | January 16, 1884 Montevideo, Uruguay |
May 17, 1960 Paris, France |
1956, 1957, 1960 | [525] |
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Vasco Pratolini | October 19, 1913 Florence, Italy |
January 12, 1991 Rome, Italy |
1956, 1959, 1963 | [526] |
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Christopher Fry | December 18, 1907 Bristol, England |
June 30, 2005 Chichester, England |
1956, 1959, 1960, 1964 | [527] |
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Marcel Pagnol | February 28, 1895 Aubagne, France |
April 18, 1974 Paris, France |
1956, 1959, 1966 | [528] |
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Ernst Jünger | March 29, 1895 Heidelberg, Germany |
February 17, 1998 Riedlingen, Germany |
1956, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 | [529] |
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Henry de Montherlant | April 20, 1895 Paris, France |
September 21, 1972 Paris, France |
1956, 1957, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1971 | [530] |
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Gabriel Marcel | December 7, 1889 Paris, France |
October 8, 1973 Paris, France |
1956, 1957, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1972 | [531] |
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Jorge Luis Borges | August 24, 1899 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
June 14, 1986 Geneva, Switzerland |
1956, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [532] |
1957 | |||||
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Jean-Paul Sartre | June 21, 1905 Paris, France |
April 15, 1980 Paris, France |
1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 | Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but declined the prize.[533] |
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Samuel Beckett | April 13, 1906 Foxrock, Ireland |
December 22, 1989 Paris, France |
1957, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | Won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature.[534] |
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Lennox Robinson | October 4, 1886 Cork, Ireland |
October 15, 1958 Dublin, Ireland |
1957 | [535] |
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Valery Larbaud | August 29, 1881 Vichy, France |
February 2, 1957 Vichy, France |
1957 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[536] |
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Carl Hendrik Knuth Becker | January 21, 1891 Hjørring, Denmark |
October 30, 1974 Vår, Denmark |
1957 | [537] |
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Jan Parandowski | May 11, 1895 Lviv, Ukraine |
September 26, 1978 Warsaw, Poland |
1957, 1959 | [538] |
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Frank Thiess | March 13, 1890 Ikšķile, Latvia |
December 22, 1977 Darmstadt, Germany |
1957, 1962 | [539] |
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Carlo Levi | November 29, 1902 Turin, Italy |
January 4, 1975 Rome, Italy |
1957, 1966 | [540] |
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Mircea Eliade | March 13, 1907 Bucharest, Romania |
April 22, 1986 Illinois, United States |
1957, 1968 | [541] |
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Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz | February 20, 1894 Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine |
March 2, 1980 Warsaw, Poland |
1957, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1969 | [542] |
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André Chamson | June 6, 1900 Nîmes, France |
November 9, 1983 Paris, France |
1957, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [543] |
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Väinö Linna | December 20, 1920 Urjala, Finland |
April 21, 1992 Kangasala, Finland |
1957, 1963, 1964, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972 | [544] |
1958 | |||||
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Salvatore Quasimodo | August 20, 1901 Modica, Italy |
June 14, 1968 Naples, Italy |
1958, 1959 | Won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature.[545] |
![]() |
Ivo Andrić | October 10, 1892 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
March 13, 1975 Belgrade, Serbia |
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 | Won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Literature.[546] |
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Elio Vittorini | July 23, 1908 Syracuse, Italy |
February 12, 1966 Milan, Italy |
1958 | [547] |
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James Gould Cozzens | August 19, 1903 Illinois, United States |
August 9, 1978 Florida, United States |
1958 | [548] |
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John Hersey | June 17, 1914 Tianjin, China |
March 24, 1993 Florida, United States |
1958 | [549] |
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Fernand Baldensperger | May 4, 1871 Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, France |
February 24, 1958 Paris, France |
1958 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[550] |
![]() |
Elizabeth Bowen | June 7, 1899 Dublin, Ireland |
February 22, 1973 London, England |
1958 | [551] |
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Rudolf Alexander Schröder | January 26, 1878 Bremen, Germany |
August 22, 1962 Bad Wessee, Germany |
1958, 1960 | [552][553] |
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John Cowper Powys | October 8, 1872 Shirley, England |
June 17, 1963 Blaenau Ffestiniog, Wales |
1958, 1959, 1962 | [554] |
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Jun'ichirō Tanizaki | July 24, 1886 Tokyo, Japan |
July 30, 1965 Kanagawa, Japan |
1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | [555] |
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Lionel Trilling | July 4, 1905 New York, United States |
November 5, 1975 New York, United States |
1958, 1963, 1965 | [556] |
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Maurice Bowra | April 8, 1898 Jiujiang, China |
July 4, 1971 Oxford, England |
1958, 1961, 1965 | [557] |
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Robert Penn Warren | April 24, 1905 Kentucky, United States |
September 15, 1989 Vermont, United States |
1958, 1965, 1967 | [558] |
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Georges Simenon | February 13, 1903 Liège, Belgium |
September 4, 1989 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1958, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1970 | [559] |
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Junzaburō Nishiwaki | January 20, 1894 Niigata, Japan |
June 5, 1982 Niigata, Japan |
1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1971 | [560][561] |
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Tennessee Williams | March 26, 1911 Mississippi, United States |
February 25, 1983 New York, United States |
1958, 1971 | [562] |
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Miroslav Krleža | July 7, 1893 Zagreb, Croatia |
December 29, 1981 Zagreb, Croatia |
1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [563] |
1959 | |||||
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Ernest Claes | October 24, 1885 Scherpenheuvel-Zichem, Belgium |
September 2, 1968 Ixelles, Belgium |
1959 | [564] |
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Sochi Raut Roy | May 13, 1916 Khordha district, India |
August 21, 2004 Cuttack, India |
1959 | [565] |
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Osbert Sitwell | December 6, 1892 London, England |
May 4, 1969 Florence, Italy |
1959 | [566] |
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Sacheverell Sitwell | November 15, 1897 Scarborough, England |
October 1, 1988 Towcester, England |
1959 | [567] |
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Charles Mauron | June 27, 1899 Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France |
December 4, 1966 Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France |
1959 | [568] |
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Martin Heidegger | September 26, 1889 Meßkirch, Germany |
May 26, 1976 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany |
1959, 1960 | [569] |
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Mario Roques | July 1, 1875 Callao, Peru |
March 8, 1961 Paris, France |
1959, 1960 | [570] |
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Frank Raymond Leavis | July 14, 1895 Cambridge, England |
April 14, 1978 Cambridge, England |
1959, 1962 | [571] |
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Juana de Ibarbourou | March 8, 1892 Melo, Uruguay |
July 15, 1979 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1959, 1960, 1963 | [572] |
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Stefan Andres | June 26, 1906 Trittenheim, Germany |
June 29, 1970 Rome, Italy |
1959, 1963 | [573] |
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Heimito von Doderer | September 5, 1896 Vienna, Austria |
December 23, 1966 Vienna Austria |
1959, 1960, 1962, 1964 | [574] |
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María Raquel Adler | ca. 1900 | July 28, 1974 Bernal, Argentina |
1959, 1965 | [575] |
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Miguel Torga | August 12, 1907 São Martinho de Anta, Portugal |
January 17, 1995 Coimbra, Portugal |
1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966 | [576] |
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Arnold Zweig | November 10, 1887 Glogow, Poland |
November 26, 1968 East Berlin, Germany |
1959, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967 | Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[577] |
![]() |
Hans Egon Holthusen | April 15, 1913 Rendsburg, Germany |
January 21, 1997 Munich, Germany |
1959, 1968 | [578] |
Étienne Gilson | June 13, 1884 Paris, France |
September 19, 1978 Auxerre, France |
1959, 1962, 1969 | [579] | |
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Louis Aragon | October 3, 1897 Paris, France |
December 24, 1982 Paris, France |
1959, 1960, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972 | [580] |
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Anna Seghers | November 19, 1900 Mainz, Germany |
June 1, 1983 East Berlin, Germany |
1959, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972 | [581] |
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Max Frisch | May 15, 1911 Zürich, Switzerland |
April 4, 1991 Zürich, Switzerland |
1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972 | [582] |
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Julien Gracq | July 27, 1910 Mauges-sur-Loire, France |
December 22, 2007 Angers, France |
1959, 1960, 1961, 1972 | [583] |
1960–1969[edit]
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | |||||
![]() |
Heinrich Böll | December 21, 1917 Cologne, Germany |
July 16, 1985 Kreuzau, Germany |
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature.[584] |
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James Thurber | December 8, 1894 Ohio, United States |
November 2, 1961 New York, United States |
1960 | [585] |
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Aquilino Ribeiro | September 13, 1885 Sernancelhe, Portugal |
May 27, 1963 Lisbon, Portugal |
1960 | [586] |
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Marie Noël | February 16, 1883 Auxerre, France |
December 23, 1967 Auxerre, France |
1960 | [587] |
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Wilhelm Lehmann | May 4, 1882 Puerto Cabello, Venezuela |
November 17, 1968 Eckernförde, Germany |
1960 | [588] |
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Jean Price-Mars | October 15, 1876 Grande Rivière du Nord, Haiti |
March 1, 1969 Petion-Ville, Haiti |
1960 | [589] |
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Karl Waggerl | December 10, 1897 Badgestein, Austria |
November 4, 1973 Schwarzach im Pongau, Austria |
1960 | [590] |
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Wesley LaViolette | January 4, 1894 Minnesota, United States |
July 29, 1978 California, United States |
1960 | [591] |
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Franz Theodor Csokor | September 6, 1885 Vienna, Austria |
January 5, 1969 Vienna, Austria |
1960, 1962 | [592] |
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Elias Venezis | March 4, 1904 Ayvalık, Turkey |
August 3, 1974 Athens, Greece |
1960, 1963 | [593] |
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Stratis Myrivilis | June 30, 1890 Lesbos, Greece |
July 19, 1969 Athens, Greece |
1960, 1962, 1963 | [594] |
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Aksel Sandemose | March 19, 1899 Nykobing Mors, Denmark |
August 6, 1965 Copenhagen, Denmark |
1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 | [595] |
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John Boyton Priestley | September 13, 1894 Bradford, England |
August 14, 1984 Stratford-upon-Avon, England |
1960, 1964, 1966 | [596] |
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René Char | June 14, 1907 L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, France |
February 19, 1988 Paris, France |
1960, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972 | [597] |
1961 | |||||
![]() |
Yasunari Kawabata | June 14, 1899 Osaka, Japana |
April 16, 1972 Kanagawa, Japan |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | Won the 1968 Nobel Prize in Literature.[598] |
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Michel de Ghelderode | April 3, 1898 Ixelles, Belgium |
April 1, 1962 Brussels, Belgium |
1961 | [599] |
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Gaston Bachelard | June 27, 1884 Bar-sur-Aube, France |
October 16, 1962 Paris, France |
1961 | [600] |
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Cora Sandel | December 20, 1880 Oslo, Norway |
April 3, 1974 Uppsala, Sweden |
1961 | [601] |
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Giulia Scappino Murena | 1902 Italy |
after 1970 |
1961, 1962 | Nominated by the member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei Alfredo Galletti (1872-1962) only and for Nobel Peace Prize too.[602] |
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Arthur Waley | August 19, 1889 Royal Tunbridge Wells, England |
June 27, 1966 London, England |
1961, 1962, 1964 | [603] |
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Jean Anouilh | June 23, 1910 Bordeaux, France |
October 3, 1987 Lausanne, Switzerland |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968 | [604] |
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Simone de Beauvoir | January 9, 1908 Paris, France |
April 14, 1986 Paris, France |
1961, 1969 | [605] |
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John Ronald Reuel Tolkien | January 3, 1892 Bloemfontein, South Africa |
September 2, 1973 Bournemouth, England |
1961, 1967, 1969 | [606] |
![]() |
Pierre Jean Jouve | October 11, 1887 Arras, France |
January 8, 1976 Paris, France |
1961, 1964, 1968, 1969 | [607] |
![]() |
Edmund Wilson | May 8, 1895 New Jersey, United States |
June 12, 1972 New York, United States |
1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 | [608] |
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Charles Percy Snow | October 15, 1905 Leicester, England |
July 1, 1980 London, England |
1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971 | [609] |
![]() |
Lawrence Durrell | February 27, 1912 Jalandhar, India |
November 7, 1990 Sommières, France |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971 | [610] |
![]() |
Wystan Hugh Auden | February 21, 1907 York, England |
September 29, 1973 Vienna, Austria |
1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [611] |
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Friedrich Dürrenmatt | January 5, 1921 Konolfingen, Switzerland |
December 14, 1990 Neuchâtel, Switzerland |
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [612] |
1962 | |||||
Eyvind Johnson | July 29, 1900 Svartbjörnsbyn, Sweden[613] |
August 25, 1976 Stockholm, Sweden |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature (shared with Harry Martinson).[614] | |
![]() |
Boris Zaytsev | February 10, 1881 Oryol, Russia |
January 22, 1972 Paris, France |
1962 | [615] |
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Humphrey Davy Findley Kitto | February 6, 1897 Stroud, England |
January 21, 1982 Bristol, England |
1962 | [616] |
![]() |
André Schwarz-Bart | May 23, 1928 Metz, France |
September 30, 2006 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe |
1962 | [617] |
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Hans Erich Nossack | January 30, 1901 Hamburg, Germany |
November 2, 1977 Hamburg, Germany |
1962 | [618] |
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Manfred Georg Andreas Hausmann | September 10, 1898 Kassel, Germany |
August 6, 1986 Bremen, Germany |
1962 | [619] |
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Ronald Syme | March 11, 1903 Eltham, New Zealand |
September 4, 1989 Oxford, England |
1962 | [620] |
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Pietro Ubaldi | August 18, 1886 Foligno, Italy |
February 29, 1972 São Paulo, Brazil |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [621] |
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Josep Carner | February 9, 1884 Barcelona, Spain |
June 4, 1970 Brussels, Belgium |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1970 | [622] |
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Carl Zuckmayer | December 27, 1896 Nackenheim, Germany |
January 18, 1977 Saas Fee, Switzerland |
1962, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [623] |
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Jorge Guillén | January 18, 1893 Valladolid, Spain |
February 6, 1984 Málaga, Spain |
1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [624] |
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Vilhelm Moberg | August 20, 1898 Algutsboda, Sweden |
August 8, 1973 Väddö, Sweden |
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [625] |
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Erich Kästner | February 23, 1899 Dresden, Germany |
July 29, 1974 Munich, Germany |
1962, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [626] |
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Roman Jakobson | October 10, 1896 Moscow, Russia |
July 18, 1982 Massachusetts, United States |
1962, 1971, 1972 | [627] |
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William Heinesen | January 15, 1900 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |
March 12, 1991 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |
1962, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [628] |
1963 | |||||
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Nelly Sachs | December 10, 1891 Berlin, Germany |
May 12, 1970 Stockholm, Sweden |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 | Won the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature (shared with Shmuel Yosef Agnon).[629] |
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Ingeborg Bachmann | June 25, 1926 Klagenfurt, Austria |
October 17, 1973 Rome, Italy |
1963 | [630] |
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Emilio Cecchi | July 14, 1884 Florence, Italy |
September 5, 1966 Rome, Italy |
1963 | [631] |
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Ingemar Düring | September 2, 1903 Gothenburg, Swedeen |
December 23, 1984 Gothenburg, Sweden |
1963 | [632] |
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René Étiemble | January 26, 1909 Mayenne, France |
January 7, 2002 Vigny, France |
1963 | [633] |
Yevgeny Yevtushenko | July 18, 1932 Zima, Russia |
April 1, 2017 Oklahoma, United States |
1963 | [634] | |
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Rudolf Pfeiffer | September 20, 1889 Augsburg, Germany |
May 5, 1979 Dachau, Germany |
1963 | [635] |
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Kate Roberts | February 13, 1891 Rhosgadfan, Wales |
April 14, 1985 Denbigh, Wales |
1963 | [636] |
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André Breton | February 18, 1896 Tinchebray-Bocage, France |
September 28, 1966 Paris, France |
1963, 1964 | [637] |
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Ramón José Sender | February 3, 1901 Chalamera, Spain |
February 16, 1982 California, United States |
1963, 1964 | [638] |
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Jean Cocteau | July 5, 1889 Maisons-Laffitte, France |
October 11, 1963 Milly-la-Forêt, France |
1963, 1964, 1965 | [639] |
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Jean Guéhenno | March 25, 1890 Fougères, France |
September 22, 1978 Paris, France |
1963, 1964, 1965 | [640] |
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Karl Löwith | January 9, 1897 Munich, Germany |
May 26, 1973 Heidelberg, Germany |
1963, 1964, 1967 | [641] |
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Charles de Gaulle | November 22, 1890 Lille, France |
November 9, 1970 Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, France |
1963, 1968 | President of France (1959 – 1969).[642] |
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Yukio Mishima | January 14, 1925 Tokyo, Japan |
November 25, 1970 Tokyo, Japan |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968 | [643] |
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Erico Verissimo | December 17, 1905 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
November 28, 1975 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
1963, 1968 | [644] |
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Gustave Thibon | September 2, 1903 Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche, France |
January 19, 2001 Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche, France |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968 | [645] |
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Marcel Jouhandeau | July 26, 1888 Guéret, France |
April 7, 1979 Rueil-Malmaison, France |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969 | [646] |
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Vladimir Nabokov | April 22, 1899 Saint Petersburg, Russia |
July 2, 1977 Montreux, Switzerland |
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 | [647] |
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Henri Queffélec | January 29, 1910 Brest, France |
January 12, 1992 Paris, France |
1963, 1972 | [648] |
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Léopold Sédar Senghor | October 9, 1906 Joal-Fadiout, Senegal |
December 20, 2001 Verson, France |
1963, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | 1st President of Senegal (1960 – 1980). Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize too.[649] |
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Michel Butor | September 14, 1926 Mons-en-Barœul, France |
August 24, 2016 Contamine-sur-Arve, France |
1963, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1972 | [650] |
1964 | |||||
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Miguel Ángel Asturias | October 19, 1899 Guatemala City, Guatemala |
June 9, 1974 Madrid, Spain |
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 | Won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Literature.[651] |
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Harry Martinson | May 6, 1904 Jämshög, Sweden |
February 11, 1978 Solna, Sweden |
1964, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature (shared with Eyvind Johnson).[652] |
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Camilo José Cela | May 11, 1916 Iria Flavia, Spain |
January 17, 2002 Madrid, Spain |
1964 | Won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature.[653] |
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Jérôme Carcopino | June 27, 1881 Eure, France |
March 17, 1970 Paris, France |
1964 | [654] |
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James Thomas Farrell | February 27, 1904 Illinois, United States |
August 22, 1979 New York, United States |
1964 | [655] |
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Henri Michaux | May 24, 1899 Namur, Belgium |
October 19, 1984 Paris, France |
1964 | [656] |
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Jacques Perret | September 8, 1901 Trappes, France |
December 10, 1992 Paris, France |
1964 | [657] |
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Jacques Pirenne | June 26, 1891 Ghent, Belgium |
September 7, 1972 Hierges, France |
1964 | [658] |
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Ina Seidel | September 15, 1885 Halle (Saale), Germany |
October 2, 1974 Schäftlarn, Germany |
1964 | [659] |
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Pierre Emmanuel | May 3, 1916 Gan, France |
September 24, 1984 Paris, France |
1964, 1966 | [660] |
Hossein Ghods-Nakhai | ca. 1894 Mazandaran, Iran |
December 30, 1977 Shiraz, Iran |
1964, 1966 | [661] | |
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Judith Wright | May 31, 1915 Armidale, Australia |
June 25, 2000 Canberra, Australia |
1964, 1965, 1967 | [662] |
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Gunnar Ekelöf | September 15, 1907 Stockholm, Sweden |
March 16, 1968 Sigtuna, Sweden |
1964, 1968 | [663] |
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Hugh MacDiarmid | August 11, 1892 Langholm, Scotland |
September 9, 1978 Edinburgh, Scotland |
1964, 1968 | [664] |
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Katherine Anne Porter | May 15, 1890 Texas, United States |
September 18, 1980 Maryland, United States |
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | [665] |
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Paul Celan | November 23, 1920 Cernăuți, Romania |
April 20, 1970 Paris, France |
1964, 1966, 1968, 1969 | [666] |
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Robert Lowell | March 1, 1917 Boston, United States |
September 12, 1977 New York, United States |
1964, 1966, 1968, 1969 | [667] |
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José María Pemán | May 8, 1897 Cádiz, Spain |
July 19, 1981 Cádiz, Spain |
1964, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1972 | [668] |
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Eugène Ionesco | November 26, 1909 Slatina, Romania |
March 28, 1994 Paris, France |
1964, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [669] |
1965[670] | |||||
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Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno | September 11, 1903 Frankfurt, Germany |
August 6, 1969 Visp, Switzerland |
1965 | [671] |
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Alceu Amoroso Lima | December 11, 1893 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
August 14, 1983 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
1965 | [672] |
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Tudor Arghezi | May 21, 1880 Bucharest, Romania |
July 14, 1967 Bucharest, Romania |
1965 | [673] |
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Gilbert Cesbron | January 13, 1913 Paris, France |
August 12, 1979 Paris, France |
1965 | [674] |
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Sudhindra Nath Ghose | July 30, 1899 Bardhaman, Bengal |
December 30, 1965 London, England[675] |
1965 | [676] |
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Gopal Singh | November 29, 1917 Goa, India |
August 8, 1990 Goa, India |
1965 | [677] |
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Giovannino Guareschi | May 1, 1908 Roccabianca, Italy |
July 22, 1968 Cervia, Italy |
1965 | [678] |
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Pêr-Jakez Helias | February 17, 1914 Pouldreuzic, France |
August 13, 1995 Quimper, France |
1965 | [679] |
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Wilhelm Röpke | October 10, 1899 Schwarmstedt, Germany |
February 12, 1966 Geneva, Switzerland |
1965 | [680] |
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Alan Sillitoe | March 4, 1928 Nottingham, England |
April 25, 2010 London, England |
1965 | [681] |
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Carl Erik Soya | October 30, 1896 Copenhagen, Denmark |
November 10, 1983 Rudkøbing, Denmark |
1965 | [682] |
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Henri Troyat | November 1, 1911 Moscow, Russia |
March 2, 2007 Paris, France |
1965 | [683] |
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Marguerite Yourcenar | June 8, 1903 Brussels, Belgium |
December 17, 1987 Maine, United States |
1965 | [684] |
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Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui | December 21, 1901 Portugalete, Spain |
May 31, 1982 Madrid, Spain |
1965 | [685] |
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Anna Akhmatova | June 23, 1889 Odesa, Ukraine |
March 5, 1966 Domodedovo, Russia |
1965, 1966 | [686] |
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Marie Luise Kaschnitz | January 31, 1901 Karlsruhe, Germany |
October 10, 1974 Rome, Italy |
1965, 1967 | [687] |
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Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn Rahnamā | 1894 Iran |
1990 Iran |
1965, 1967 | [688] |
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Konstantin Paustovsky | May 31, 1892 Moscow, Russia |
July 14, 1968 Moscow, Russia |
1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 | [689] |
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Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh | January 13, 1892 Isfahan, Iran |
November 8, 1997 Geneva, Switzerland[690] |
1965, 1967, 1969 | [691] |
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Alejo Carpentier | December 26, 1904 Lausanne, Switzerland |
April 24, 1980 Paris, France |
1965, 1966, 1967, 1971 | [692] |
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Gyula Illyés | November 2, 1902 Pálfa, Hungary |
April 15, 1983 Budapest, Hungary |
1965, 1966, 1972 | [693] |
1966[694] | |||||
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Günter Grass | October 16, 1927 Free City of Danzig, Germany |
April 13, 2015 Lübeck, Germany |
1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.[695] |
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Johan Borgen | April 28, 1902 Oslo, Norway |
October 16, 1979 Hvaler, Norway |
1966 | [696] |
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Carlo Emilio Gadda | November 14, 1893 Milan, Italy |
May 21, 1973 Rome, Italy |
1966 | [697] |
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Thierry Maulnier | October 1, 1909 Alès, France |
September 26, 1988 Marnes-la-Coquette, France |
1966 | [698] |
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Henry Muller | August 21, 1902 Muhlbach-sur-Bruche, France |
November 15, 1980 Paris, France |
1966 | [699] |
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Walter Pabst | March 9, 1907 Darmstadt, Germany |
November 18, 1992 Berlin, Germany |
1966 | [700] |
Pierre-Henri Simon | January 16, 1903 Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde, France |
September 20, 1972 Ville-d'Avray, France |
1966, 1968 | [701] | |
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Alexandre Arnoux | February 27, 1884 Digne, France |
January 5, 1973 Paris, France |
1966, 1968 | [702] |
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Witold Gombrowicz | August 4, 1904 Małoszyce, Poland |
July 24, 1969 Vence, France |
1966, 1967, 1968, 1969 | [703] |
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Arnold Wesker | May 24, 1932 London, England |
April 12, 2016 Brighton, England |
1966, 1969 | [704] |
1967[705] | |||||
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Saul Bellow | June 10, 1915 Lachine, Quebec, Canada |
April 5, 2005 Brookline, Massachusetts, United States |
1967, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature.[706][707] |
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Claude Simon | October 10, 1913 Tananarive, Madagascar |
Jule 6, 2005 Paris, France |
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1985 Nobel Prize in Literature.[708][709] |
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Arturo Capdevila | March 14, 1889 Córdoba, Argentina |
December 20, 1967 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
1967 | [710] |
Hans Magnus Enzensberger | November 11, 1929 Kaufbeuren, Germany |
November 24, 2022 Munich, Germany |
1967 | Nominated the only time by German germanist, theatrologist and author Wolfgang Martin Baumgart (1910–2000).[711] | |
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Jean Genet | December 19, 1910 Paris, France |
April 15, 1986 Paris, France |
1967 | Nominated the only time by K.R.Gierow.[712] |
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Lawrence Sargent Hall | April 23, 1915 Haverill, Massachusetts, United States |
October 28, 1993 Orr's Island, Maine, United States |
1967 | Nominated the only time by R.Sh.Brumbaugh.[713] |
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Friedrich Georg Jünger | September 1, 1898 Hanover, Germany |
July 20, 1977 Überlingen, Germany |
1967 | Nominated the only time by professor of romance languages Fr. Schalk from Köln University.[714] |
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Basij Khalkhali | April 16, 1918 Khalkhal, Iran |
December 31, 1995 Tehran, Iran |
1967 | Nominated the only time by a prominent Constitutional Revolution activist, scholar, and historian of modern Iran Sadeq Rezazadeh Shafaq (1892-1971).[715] |
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György Lukács | April 13, 1885 Budapest, then Austria-Hungary |
June 4, 1971 Budapest, Hungary |
1967 | Nominated the only time by Er.Lindegren.[716] |
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André Pézard | June 22, 1893 Paris, France |
August 26, 1984 Sault, Vaucluse, France |
1967 | Nominated the only time by W. Th. Elwert.[717] |
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Pavlo Tychyna | January 23, 1891 Pesky, Ukraine |
September 16, 1967 Kiev, Ukraine |
1967 | Nominated the only time with Iv.Drach jointly by Om.Pritsak.[718][719] Tychyna has died before the only chance to be rewarded. |
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Lina Kostenko | March 19, 1930 Rzhyshchiv, Ukraine |
1967 | ||
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Ivan Drach | March 14, 1936 Telischynzi, Tetijiw district, Ukraine |
June 19, 2018 Kiev, Ukraine |
1967, 1969 | Nominated by Omeljan Pritsak only.[720] |
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Emil Boyson | September 4, 1897 Bergen, Norway |
June 2, 1979 Oslo, Norway |
1967, 1969 | Nominated by Asb.Aarnes only.[721] |
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Carlos Drummond de Andrade | October 31, 1902 Itabira, Brazil |
August 17, 1987 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
1967, 1969 | [722] |
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Germán Pardo García | July 19, 1902 Ibagué, Colombia |
August 23, 1991 Mexico City, Mexico |
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 | [723] |
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Rabbe Enckell | March 3, 1903 Tammela, Finland |
June 17, 1974 Helsinki, Finland |
1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [724] |
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Jorge Amado | August 10, 1912 Itabuna, Brazil |
August 6, 2001 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil |
1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [725] |
1968[726] | |||||
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Patrick White | May 28, 1912 Knightsbridge, London, England |
September 30, 1990 Sydney, Australia |
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature.[727][728] |
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Mildred Mathews Breedlove | May 27, 1904 Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States |
August 14, 1994 Ferron, Utah, United States |
1968 | [729] |
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Zbigniew Herbert | October 29, 1924 Lwów, then Poland |
July 28, 1998 Warsaw, Poland |
1968 | Nominated the only time with Gr.Greene and Sł.Mrożek jointly by K.R.Gierow.[730] |
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Segismundo Masel | 1895 |
1985 Argentina |
1968 | Nominated the only time by the President of Iberoamerican academy of literature and philosophy (Buenos Aires) Antonio de Tornes Ballesteros.[731] |
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Marianne Moore | November 15, 1887 Kirkwood, Missouri, United States |
February 5, 1972 New York City, United States |
1968 | Nominated the only time by Er.Lindegren.[732] |
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Konstantin Fedin | February 24, 1892 Saratov, Russia |
July 15, 1977 Moscow, Russia |
1968 | Nominated the only time by Union of Soviet Writers.[733] |
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Peter Vansittart | August 27, 1920 Bedford, England |
October 4, 2008 Ipswich, England |
1968 | Nominated the only time by Professor of English in the University of Pennsylvania Herbert Howarth (1900-1971).[734] |
Kazimierz Wierzyński | August 27, 1894 Drohobych, now Ukraine |
February 13, 1969 London, England |
1968 | [735] | |
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Angus Wilson | August 11, 1913 Bexhill-on-Sea, England |
May 31, 1991 Bury St Edmunds, England |
1968 | Nominated the only time by professor of English Literature Nicholas Stanton Brooke (1924-1998) from the University of East Anglia.[736] |
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Joseph Delteil | April 20, 1894 Villar-en-Val, France |
April 16, 1978 Grabels, France |
1968, 1969 | [737] |
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Claude Lévi-Strauss | November 28, 1908 Brussels, Belgium |
October 30, 2009 Paris, France |
1968, 1969 | [738] |
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Friedebert Tuglas | March 2, 1886 Ahja, now Estonia |
April 15, 1971 Tallinn, Estonia |
1968, 1969, 1970 | Nominated jointly with M.Under only.[739] |
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Agustí Bartra | November 8, 1908 Barcelona, Spain |
July 7, 1982 Terrassa, Spain |
1968, 1969, 1970 | [740] |
Tadeusz Różewicz | October 9, 1921 Radomsko, Poland |
April 24, 2014 Wrocław, Poland |
1968, 1971 | [741] | |
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Edward Compton Mackenzie | January 17, 1883 West Hartlepool, England |
November 30, 1972 Edinburgh, Scotland |
1968, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [742] |
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G.L.Martin-Saint-René | November 22, 1888 Paris, France |
January 21, 1973 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France |
1968, 1969, 1972 | [743] |
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Vladimír Holan | September 16, 1905 Prague, now Czech Republic |
March 31, 1980 Kampa Island, Prague, Czech Republic |
1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [744] |
Luis Buñuel | February 22, 1900 Calanda, Spain |
July 29, 1983 Mexico City, Mexico |
1968, 1972 | [745] | |
Sławomir Mrożek | June 29, 1930 Borzęcin, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, then Poland |
August 15, 2013 Nice, France |
1968, 1972 | [746] | |
1969[747] | |||||
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | December 11, 1918 Kislovodsk, Russia |
August 3, 2008 Moscow, Russia |
1969, 1970 | Won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature.[748] |
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Elias Canetti | July 25, 1905 Ruse, Bulgaria |
August 14, 1994 Zürich, Switzerland |
1969, 1971, 1972 | Won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature.[749] |
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Jean Cassou | July 9, 1897 Deusto, Spain |
January 16, 1986 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated the only time by President of the Greek PEN-Centre Jean Coutsocheras (1904-1994).[750] |
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Georges Dumézil | March 4, 1898 Paris, France |
October 11, 1986 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated the only time by M.Bataillon.[751] |
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Louis Guilloux | January 15, 1899 Saint-Brieuc, France |
October 14, 1980 Saint-Brieuc, France |
1969 | Nominated the only time by J.-B. Barrère.[752] |
Yasushi Inoue | May 6, 1907 Asahikawa, Japan |
January 29, 1991 Tokyo, Japan |
1969 | Nominated the only time by professor of modern German literature from the Philipps University of Marburg Erich Ruprecht (1906-1997).[753] | |
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Bernhard Karlgren | October 15, 1889 Jönköping, now Sweden |
October 20, 1978 Stockholm, Sweden |
1969 | Nominated the only time by W.Fuchs.[754] |
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Robert Pinget | July 19, 1919 Geneva, Switzerland |
August 25, 1997 Tours, France |
1969 | Nominated the only time jointly with Vl.Holan and C.Dr. de Andrade by Art.Lundkvist.[755] |
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Anthony Powell | December 21, 1905 Westminster, England |
October 19, 1999 Frome, England |
1969 | Nominated the only time by professor of English language and literature from the University of Franche-Comté (Besançon) Jean Hamard (1920-2012).[756] |
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Raymond Queneau | February 21, 1903 Le Havre, France |
October 25, 1976 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated the only time by T. van den Heuvel from the University of Orléans.[757] |
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Jean Rateau-Landeville | December 23, 1894 Chaville, France |
February 14, 1972 Bordeaux, France |
1969 | Nominated the only time by P.Flottes.[758] |
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Gustave Roud | April 20, 1897 Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz, Switzerland |
November 10, 1976 Moudon, Switzerland |
1969 | Nominated the only time by H.Perrochon.[759] |
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Nathalie Sarraute | July 18, 1900 Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia |
October 19, 1999 Paris, France |
1969 | Nominated the only time by L.Gyllensten.[760] |
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Hannu Salama | October 4, 1936 Kouvola, Finland |
1969 | Nominated the only time by Osmo Hormia.[761] | |
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Ton Smerdel | April 21, 1904 Silba, now Croatia |
August 20, 1970 Zagreb, now Croatia |
1969 | Nominated the only time by Chr.Alph.van den Berk.[762] |
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Hồ Hữu Tường | 1910 Thường Thạnh, now Vietnam |
June 26, 1980 Saigon, Vietnam |
1969 | Nominated the only time by Đông Hồ.[763] |
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Jacques Maritain | November 18, 1882 Paris, France |
April 28, 1973 Toulouse, France |
1969, 1971 | Nominated by Charles Dédéyan only.[764] |
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Hans Ruin | June 18, 1891 Helsinki, now Finland |
November 3, 1980 Stockholm, Sweden |
1969, 1970, 1971 | Nominated by Danish writer and linguist from the University of Copenhagen Arthur Arnholtz (1901-1973) only.[765] |
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Jerzy Andrzejewski | August 19, 1909 Warsaw, now Poland |
April 19, 1983 Warsaw, Poland |
1969, 1970, 1971 | [766] |
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Karl Krolow | March 11, 1915 Hanover, Germany |
July 26, 1999 Darmstadt, Germany |
1969, 1971 | Nominated by professor of German philology and Germanistics from the Friedrich–Alexander-University of Erlangen–Nuremberg Emil Ernst Ploss (1925-1972) only.[767] |
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Arthur Miller | October 17, 1915 Harlem, New York City, United States |
February 10, 2005 Roxbury, Connecticut, United States |
1969, 1971 | [768] |
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Alain Robbe-Grillet | August 18, 1922 Brest, France |
February 18, 2008 Caen, France |
1969, 1971 | Nominated by H.Olsson only.[769] |
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Zaharia Stancu | October 7, 1902 Salcia, Teleorman, Romania |
December 5, 1974 Bucharest, Romania |
1969, 1971, 1972 | [770] |
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Mécs László | January 17, 1895 Kostoľany nad Hornádom, now Slovakia |
November 9, 1978 Pannonhalma, Hungary |
1969, 1970, 1972 | Nominated by W.Kirkconnell only.[771] |
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Tawfiq al-Hakim | October 9, 1898 Alexandria, Egypt |
July 26, 1987 Cairo, Egypt |
1969, 1972 | [772] |
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Gerard Walschap | July 9, 1898 Londerzeel-Sint-Jozef, Belgium |
October 25, 1989 Antwerp, Belgium |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [773] |
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Hugh MacLennan | March 20, 1907 Glace Bay, Canada |
November 9, 1990 Montreal, Canada |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | Nominated by L.Lande only.[774] |
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Aimé Césaire | June 26, 1913 Basse-Pointe, Martinique |
April 17, 2008 Fort-de-France, Martinique |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [775] |
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Siegfried Lenz | March 17, 1926 Lyck, now Poland |
October 7, 2014 Hamburg, Germany |
1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 | [776] |
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Edward Albee | March 12, 1928 Virginia, United States |
September 16, 2016 Montauk, New York, United States |
1969, 1971, 1972 | [777] |
1970–1973[edit]
Nominees are published 50 years later so 1973 nominees should be published at the beginning of 2024.
Picture | Name | Born | Died | Years Nominated | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970[778] | |||||
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Eugen Barbu | February 20, 1924 Bucharest, Romania |
September 7, 1993 Bucharest, Romania |
1970 | Nominated the only time by Al.Rosetti.[779] |
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Hugo Bergmann | December 25, 1883 Prague, now Czech Republic |
June 18, 1975 Jerusalem, Israel |
1970 | Nominated the only time by André Neher.[780] |
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Heðin Brú | August 17, 1901 Skálavík, Faroe Islands |
May 18, 1987 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |
1970 | Nominated the only time by Ól.Michelsen.[781] |
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Robert Ganzo | August 22, 1898 Caracas, Venezuela |
April 6, 1995 Boulogne-Billancourt, France |
1970 | Nominated the only time by professor of French language and literature of the University of Toulouse André Lebois (1915-1978).[782] |
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Joseph (Dorra-)Haddad | 1913 Yabroud, Syria |
1979 | 1970 | Nominated the only time by the rector of the Lebanese University (Beirut) Fouad E. Boustany (1904-1994).[783] |
Sei Itō | January 16, 1905 Otaru, Japan |
November 15, 1969 Tokyo, Japan |
1970 | Nominated jointly (Itō - posthumously) the only time by Serizawa K.[784][785] | |
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Tatsuzō Ishikawa | July 2, 1905 Yokote, Akita, Japan |
January 31, 1985 Tokyo, Japan |
1970 | |
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Yi Kwang-su | February 1, 1892 Chongju, Korea |
October 25, 1950 Manpo, North Korea |
1970 | Posthumously nominated the only time by President of Korean P.E.N.-club Chull Paik (1908-1985).[786] |
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Alexander Lernet-Holenia | October 21, 1897 Vienna, now Austria |
July 3, 1976 Vienna, Austria |
1970 | Nominated the only time by H.Spiel.[787] |
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Victoria Ocampo | April 7, 1890 Buenos Aires, Argentina |
January 27, 1979 Béccar, Argentina |
1970 | Nominated the only time by M.Alfr.Olivera.[788] |
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Emilio Oribe | April 13, 1893 Melo, Uruguay |
May 24, 1975 Montevideo, Uruguay |
1970 | Nominated the only time by S.Bollo.[789] |
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Lluís Valeri i Sahís | September 18, 1891 Barcelona, Spain |
April, 1971 Barcelona, Spain |
1970 | Nominated the only time by Ant.Griera i Gaja.[790] |
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Frank Waters | July 25, 1902 Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States |
June 3, 1995 Arroyo Seco, New Mexico, United States |
1970 | Nominated the only time by Th.J.Lyon.[791] |
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Amado Magcalas Yuzon | August 30, 1906 Guagua, Philippines |
January 17, 1979 Manila, Philippines |
1970 | [792] |
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Evaristo Ribera Chevremont | February 16, 1890 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
March 1, 1976 San Juan, Puerto Rico |
1970, 1971, 1972 | [793] |
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Salvador Espriu | July 10, 1913 Santa Coloma de Farners, Spain |
February 22, 1985 Barcelona, Spain |
1970, 1971, 1972 | [794] |
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Saunders Lewis | July 15, 1893 Wallasey, England |
September 1, 1985 Cardiff, Wales |
1970, 1972 | Nominated by J. E. Caerwyn Williams only.[795] |
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Denis de Rougemont | September 8, 1906 Couvet, Switzerland |
December 6, 1985 Geneva, Switzerland |
1970, 1972 | [796] |
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Pandelis Prevelakis | February 18, 1909 Rethymno, Greece |
March 15, 1986 Ekali, Greece |
1970, 1972 | Nominated by K.Mitsakis only.[797] |
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Harold Macmillan | February 10, 1894 Belgravia, London, England |
December 29, 1986 Chelwood Gate, England |
1970, 1972 | Nominated by C.Becker only.[798] |
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Mikhail Naimy | October 17, 1889 Baskinta, Lebanon |
February 28, 1988 Beirut, Lebanon |
1970, 1971, 1972 | [799] |
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Sándor Weöres | June 22, 1913 Szombathely, now Hungary |
January 22, 1989 Budapest, Hungary |
1970, 1971, 1972 | Nominated by Ár.Kibédi Varga only.[800] |
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Paavo Juhani Haavikko | January 25, 1931 Helsinki, Finland |
October 6, 2008 Helsinki, Finland |
1970, 1971, 1972 | [801] |
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Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca | August 26, 1914 Istanbul, Turkey |
October 15, 2008 Istanbul, Turkey |
1970, 1971, 1972 | [802] |
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Abraham Sutzkever | July 15, 1913 Smarhonʹ, now Belarus |
January 20, 2010 Tel Aviv, Israel |
1970, 1972 | Nominated by J.Leftwich only.[803] |
1971[804] | |||||
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William Golding | September 19, 1911 Newquay, England |
June 19, 1993 Perranarworthal, England |
1971, 1972 | Won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature.[805] |
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Elie Wiesel | September 30, 1928 Sighet, Romania |
July 2, 2016 Manhattan, New York City, United States |
1971, 1972 | Won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize. [806] |
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José María Arguedas | January 18, 1911 Andahuaylas, Peru |
December 2, 1969 La Molina District, Peru |
1971 | Posthumously nominated the only time by the Professor of Scandinavian languages Elie Poulenard (1901-1985) from University of Strasbourg.[807] |
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James Baldwin | August 2, 1924 New York City, United States |
December 1, 1987 Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Jacob L. Mey.[808] |
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Mykola Platonovych Bazhan | October 9, 1904 Kamianets-Podilskyi, now Ukraine |
November 23, 1983 Kiev, now Ukraine |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Omeljan Pritsak.[809] |
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Jawad Boulos | January 1, 1900 Zghorta, Lebanon |
1982 |
1971 | Nominated the only time jointly with Georges Schéhadé by Camille Aboussouan.[810] |
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Lord Edward Christian David Gascoyne-Cecil | April 9, 1902 Hatfield House, England |
January 1, 1986 Cranborne, England |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Leslie Poles Hartley.[811] |
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Tsendiin Damdinsüren | September 14, 1908 Matad, Mongolia |
May 27, 1986 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Walther Heissig.[812] |
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Paul Demiéville | September 13, 1894 Lausanne, Switzerland |
March 23, 1979 Paris, France |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Martin Gimm.[813] |
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Maurice-Charles-Louis-Genevoix | November 29, 1890 Decize, France |
September 8, 1980 Alicante, Spain |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Yves Gandon.[814] |
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Younghill Kang | June 5, 1898 Hongwon County, Korea |
December 2, 1972 Satellite Beach, Florida, United States |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Pierre Stephen Robert Payne.[815] |
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Richard Eun Kook Kim | March 13, 1932 Kankō, Korea |
June 23, 2009 Massachusetts, United States |
1971 | Nominated the only time by President of Korean P.E.N.-club Chull Paik (1908-1985).[816] |
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Arthur Koestler | September 5, 1905 Budapest, Hungary |
March 1, 1983 London, England |
1971 | Nominated the only time by G.Matoré.[817] |
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Archibald MacLeish | May 7, 1892 Glencoe, Illinois, United States |
April 20, 1982 Boston, United States |
1971 | Nominated the only time by the Professor of Latin Literature and Comparative Literature Studies William Scovil Anderson (b. 1927) from the University of California, Berkeley.[818] |
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Miquel Melendres i Rué | March 11, 1902 Girona, Spain |
March 10, 1974 Tarragona, Spain |
1971 | Nominated the only time by A.Griera.[819] |
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Fritiof Nilsson Piraten | December 4, 1895 Vollsjö, Sweden |
January 31, 1972 Malmö, Sweden |
1971 | Nominated the only time by Gustaf Åke Bertil Ejder.[820] |
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Shih Robert (Shi Jieyun)[821] | May 19, 1926 Tche-kiang, China |
May 5, 1983 | 1971 | Nominated the only time by Étienne Lamotte.[822] |
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José García Villa | August 5, 1908 Manila, Philippines |
February 7, 1997 New York City, United States |
1971 | [823] |
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Henry William Williamson | December 1, 1895 Brockley, London, England |
August 13, 1977 Twyford Abbey, London, England |
1971 | Nominated the only time by the Chairman of Irish P.E.N.-Club (Dublin) Petronella O'Flanagan.[824] |
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Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay | July 23, 1898 Labhpur, West Bengal, India |
September 14, 1971 Calcutta, West Bengal, India |
1971, 1972 | Died before the only chance to be rewarded.[825] |
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Arno Schmidt | January 18, 1914 Hamburg, Germany |
June 3, 1979 Celle, Germany |
1971, 1972 | [826] |
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Romain Gary | May 21, 1914 Vilnius, now Lithuania |
December 2, 1980 Paris, France |
1971, 1972 | Nominated by Walther Hinz only.[827] |
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Philip A. Larkin | August 9, 1922 Coventry, England |
December 2, 1985 Kingston upon Hull, England |
1971, 1972 | Nominated by Jørgen Læssøe only.[828] |
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Georges Schéhadé | November 2, 1905 Alexandria, Egypt |
January 17, 1989 Paris, France |
1971, 1972 | [829] |
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Yiannis Ritsos | May 1, 1909 Monemvasia, Greece |
November 11, 1990 Athens, Greece |
1971, 1972 | [830] |
1972[831] | |||||
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Odysseas Elytis | November 2, 1911 Heraklion, Crete |
March 18, 1996 Athens, Greece |
1972 | Won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Literature. |
Nadine Gordimer | November 20, 1923 Springs, South Africa |
July 13, 2014 Johannesburg, South Africa |
1972 | Won the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
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V. S. Naipaul | August 17, 1932 Chaguanas, Caroni County, Trinidad and Tobago |
August 11, 2018 London, England |
1972 | Won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Literature. |
Doris Lessing | October 22, 1919 Kermanshah, Iran |
November 17, 2013 London, England |
1972 | Won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. | |
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Said Akl | July 4, 1911 Zahlé, Lebanon |
November 28, 2014 Beirut, Lebanon |
1972 | |
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Louis Paul Boon | March 15, 1912 Aalst, Belgium |
May 10, 1979 Erembodegem, Belgium |
1972 | |
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Anthony Burgess | February 25, 1917 Harpurhey, Manchester, England |
November 22, 1993 St John's Wood, London, England |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Art.Lundkvist. |
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Suniti Kumar Chatterji | November 26, 1890 Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India |
May 29, 1977 Calcutta, West Bengal, India |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Pr.Ch.Gupta. |
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Sri Chinmoy | August 27, 1931 Chittagong, Bengal Presidency, British India, (now in Bangladesh) |
October 11, 2007 New York City, United States |
1972 | Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too. |
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Austin Clarke | May 9, 1896 Stoneybatter, Dublin, Ireland |
March 19, 1974 Templeogue, Dublin, Ireland |
1972 | |
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Jacob Glatstein | August 20, 1896 Lublin, Poland |
November 19, 1971 New York City, United States |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Moshe Starkman (1906-1975) - Chair of Yiddish P.E.N. Club, New York. Died before the only chance to be rewarded. |
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Julien Green | September 6, 1900 Paris, France |
August 13, 1998 Paris, France |
1972 | Nominated the only time by J.Edfelt. |
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Joseph Heller | May 1, 1923 Brooklyn, New York, United States |
December 12, 1999 East Hampton, New York, United States |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Art.Lundkvist. |
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Ferenc Juhász | August 16, 1928 Bia, Hungary |
December 2, 2015 Budapest, Hungary |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Art.Lundkvist. |
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Manbohdan Lal | ? |
? |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Udai Narain Tiwari - Professor of Hindi and Linguistics from Jabalpur University. |
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Astrid Lindgren | November 14, 1907 Vimmerby, Kalmar, Sweden |
January 28, 2002 Stockholm, Sweden |
1972 | |
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Stanislaus Lynch | 1907 Ballyjamesduff, Ireland |
1983 ? |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Desmond Clarke (1907-1979) - Secretary of Irish P.E.N. Club, Dublin. |
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Norman Mailer | January 31, 1923 Long Branch, New Jersey, United States |
November 10, 2007 Manhattan, New York City, United States |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Art.Lundkvist. |
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Bernard Malamud | April 26, 1914 Brooklyn, New York, United States |
March 18, 1986 Manhattan, New York City, United States |
1972 | Nominated the only time by L.Gyllensten. |
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Frederick Manfred | January 6, 1912 Doon, Iowa, United States |
September 7, 1994 Luverne, Minnesota, United States |
1972 | |
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Veijo Meri | December 31, 1928 Viipuri, then Finland |
June 21, 2015 Helsinki, Finland |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Osm.El.Hormia. |
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Pak Tu-jin | March 10, 1916 Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea |
September 16, 1998 Seoul, South Korea |
1972 | Nominated the only time by President of Korean P.E.N.-club Chull Paik (1908-1985). |
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Alan Paton | January 11, 1903 Pietermaritzburg, Colony of Natal, South Africa |
April 12, 1988 Botha's Hill, South Africa |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Astley Cooper Partridge (born 11.2.1901) - Chair of Southafrican P.E.N. Club, Johannesburg. |
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Philip Roth | March 19, 1933 Newark, New Jersey, United States |
May 22, 2018 New York City, United States |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Art.Lundkvist. |
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Francis Stuart | April 29, 1902 Townsville, Queensland, Australia |
February 2, 2000 County Clare, Ireland |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Desmond Clarke (1907-1979) - Secretary of Irish P.E.N. Club, Dublin. |
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Vu Hoang Chuong | May 14, 1915 Phù Ủng, Vietnam |
September 6, 1976 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Thanh Lãng (1924–1978) - Chair of South Vietnamese P.E.N. Club, Saigon. |
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Aaron Zeitlin | June 3, 1898 Uvarovichi, now Belarus |
September 28, 1973 Queens, New York, United States |
1972 | Nominated the only time by Moshe Starkman (1906-1975) - Chair of Yiddish P.E.N. Club, New York. |
1973 | |||||
to be revealed in 2024 |
See also[edit]
- List of Nobel laureates in Literature
- List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize
- List of female nominators for the Nobel Prize
Motivations[edit]
- ^ R. Valery-Radot: La Vie de Pasteur ("Life of Pasteur", 1900)[14]
- ^ Rostand: Cyrano de Bergerac (1897) and L'Aiglon ("Eaglet, 1900)[14]
- ^ Gersdorff: 600 bis 700 Lieder ("Songs 600-700")[14]
- ^ Le Pin: La recherche de l'idéal ("Searching of the Ideal", 1900)[14]
- ^ Ducros: Les Encyclopédistes (Encyclopedists, 1900)[14]
- ^ Estlander: Vitterhetens utveckling hos de nyare folken i medeltiden: förra perioden (Witnesses of the Newer People's Development in the Middle Ages: The Last Period", 1900)[14]
- ^ A. Sabatier: Esquisse d'une philosophie de la religion d'après la psychologie et l'histoire ("Outlines of a Philosophy of Religion based on Psychology and History", 1897)[14]
- ^ Duproix: Kant et Fichte et le problème de l´éducation ("Kant, Fichte, and the Problem of Education", 1895)[14]
- ^ Borgeaud: Histoire de l'Université de Genève. L'académie de Calvin. 1559—1798 ("The History of the Geneva University: Calvin's Academy", 1900)[14]
- ^ Renouvier: La nouvelle monadologie ("The New Monadology", 1899)[14]
- ^ Stampa: Arcanum anima [sic!]. Gedanken eines Menschenfreundes ("Mysterious Soul: Thoughts of a Philanthropist")[14]
- ^ Lourié: La philosophie de Tolstoï ("The Philosophy of Tolstoy", 1899) and La philosophie sociale dans le théâtre d'Ibsen ("The Social Philosophy of Ibsen's Theatre", 1900)[14]
- ^ Câmara: Meia-Noite ("The Midnight", 1900)[14]
- ^ Meysenbug: Memoiren einer Idealistin ("Memoirs of an Idealist", 1869–76), Stimmungsbilder ("Shades of Mood", 1879), and Der Lebensabend einer Idealistin: Nachtrag zu den "Memoiren einer Idealistin" ("The Retirement of an Idealist: Addendum to the 'Memoirs of an Idealist'", 1898)[14]
- ^ Zola: "for his works in general."[14]
- ^ Kemény: Entwurf einer internationalen Gesammt-Academie: Weltakademie ("The Draft of an Total International Academy: World Academy", 1901)[14]
- ^ Baumgartner: Geschichte der Weltliteratur ("The History of World Literature", 1897—1901)[14]
- ^ Paris: La poésie du moyen âge ("The Poetry of the Middle Ages", 1885–95) Discours de réception ("Reception Speech", 1897), Penseurs et poètes ("Thinkers and Poets", 1896), Poèmes et légendes du moyen âge ("Poems and Legends of the Middle Ages", 1900), and François Villon (1901)[14]
- ^ Núñez de Arce: Gritos del combate: Poesías ("Cries of Combat: Poems", 1875), Obras dramáticas ("Dramatic Works", 1879), La selva oscura: Poema ("The Dark Forest: Poem", 1879), and Sursum Corda! ("Ascend the Heart!", 1900)[14]
- ^ Xenopol: Les principes fondamentaux de l'histoire ("The Fundamental Principles of History", 1899)[14]
- ^ Fogazzaro: Malombra: romanzo ("Malombra: A Novel", 1881), Daniele Cortis (1885), Il mistero del poeta ("The Mystery of the Poet", 1888), and Ascensioni umane ("Human Ascensions", 1899)[14]
- ^ P. Sabatier: Vie de S. François d'Assise ("The Life of St. Francis of Assisi", 1894)[14]
- ^ Koni: Doktor Friedrich Haass. Lebensskizze eines deutschen Philantropen in Russland ("Friedrich Joseph Haass: Biography of a German Philanthropist in Russia", 1899)[14]
- ^ Fernández López: La Rota (Canto épico) ("Broken: Epic Song", 1901)[14]
- ^ Grisar: Storia di Roma ("Roman History", 1899), Analecta Romana. I ("Roman Analecta I", 1899), and Geschichte Roms und der Päpste im Mittelalter. I ("History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages", 1901)[14]
- ^ Barrière: Le nouveau Don Juan ("The New Don Juan", 1900)[14]
- ^ Falke: Mynheer der Tod ("My Lord, the Death", 1891), Tanz und Andacht ("Dance and Prayer", 1894), Zwischen zwei Nächten ("Between Two Nights", 1894), Neue Fahrt ("New Journey", 1897), and Mit dem Leben ("With Life", 1899)[14]
- ^ Robertson: Regnum Dei: Eight Lectures on the Kingdom of God in the History of Christian Thought (1901)[14]
- ^ Tolstoy: Voskreséniye ("Resurrection", 1899)[14]
- ^ Chamberlain: Richard Wagner (1895), Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts ("The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century", 1899), Die Worte Christi ("The Word of Christ, 1901), and Immanuel Kant. Die Persönlichkeit als Einführung in das Werk ("Immanuel Kant: The Personality as an Introduction to the Work", 1905)[14]
- ^ Morris: The Epic of Hades (1877), The Works (1901), and Harvest Tide: A Book of Verse (1901)[14]
- ^ Zahn: Forschungen zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons und der altkirchlichen Litteratur ("Research on the History of the New Testament's Canon and Early Church Literature", 1881–1908), Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons ("History of the New Testament's Canon", 1889–92), and Einleitung in das neue Testament ("Introduction to the New Testament", 1900)[14]
- ^ Wagner: Justice. Huit discours ("Justice: Eight Speeches", 1889), Sois un homme! Simples causeries sur la conduite de la vie ("Be a Man! Simple Discussions on How to Lead Life", 1889), Jeunesse ("Youth", 1895), Vie Simple ("Simple Life", 1895), L'âme des choses ("The Soul of Things", 1901), and Le long du chemin ("Along the Path", 1901)[14]
- ^ Morley: The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1903)[14]
- ^ Aho: Enris ("Juniper Twigs", 1899–1900)[14]
- ^ Garborg: I Helheim ("In Helheim", 1901)[14]
- ^ Glasenapp: Biographie Richard Wagners ("Life of Richard Wagner", 1876–1911)[14]
- ^ Douglas: Life and Works of Fra Angelico (1902) and History of the Republic of Siena (1902)[14]
- ^ Sorel: L’Europe et la révolution française ("Europe and the French Revolution", 1885–1904)[14]
- ^ Gilkin: Prométhée ("Prometheus", 1897)[14]
- ^ Lerou: Hiésous ("Jesus", 1903)[14]
- ^ Chapman: Les aspirations : poésies canadiennes ("Aspirations: Canadian Poems", 1904)[14]
- ^ Macmillan Brown: Limanora, the Island of Progress (1903)[14]
- ^ Neidig: The First Wardens and Other Poems (1901)[14]
- ^ Haushofer: Die Verbannten ("The Banned")[14]
- ^ Bewer: Germanisch-religiöser Dichter ("Germanic Religious Poet")[14]
- ^ Booth: In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890)[14]
- ^ Widmann: Der Heilige und die Thiere ("The Saint and the Animals", 1905) and Maikäferkomödie ("May Beetle's Comedy")[14]
- ^ Lansing Raymond: The Essentials of Aesthetics (1906)[14]
- ^ Bonança: Historia da Luzitania e da Iberia ("The History of Luzitania and Iberia", 1899)[14]
- ^ Souris: Conseiller pour l'instruction publique La Canée, île de Crète ("National Education Advisers in Canée, the Island of Crete")[14]
- ^ Calcaño: Tres poetas pesimistas del siglo XIX ("Three Pessimistic Nineteenth Century Poets", 1907)[14]
- ^ Hutchinson: The Limit of Wealth (1907)[14]
- ^ D'Ovidio: Il a traité en maître de glottologie, de philologie classique et romane, de critique historique, psychologique et esthétique, de politique, d´instruction ("He was a master in comparative philology, classical and Romanesque philology, historical, psychological and aesthetic critique in politics and education")[14]
References[edit]
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature". nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination FAQ". Nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 28 April 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet". svenskaakademien.se. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and reports 1901–1950". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Asaid, Alan (26 September 2009). "This is how the Academy misjudged the women". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Leschenko, Yulia (6 October 2013). "Tolstoy, Chekhov, Akhmatova and the Nobel". Russia Beyond. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "10 great writers snubbed by the Nobel Prize". The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Fleming, Donald (October 1966). "Nobel's Hits and Misses". The Atlantic. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Crittenden, Ann. "A Comedy of Errors at the Nobel Prize". American Heritage. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sully Prudhomme". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henryk Sienkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Svensén, Bo. "Nobelpriset i litteratur. Nomineringar och utlåtanden 1901–1950". Swedish Academy. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Vallery-Radot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmond Rostand". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julius Gersdorff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Oscar le Pin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE - Louis Ducros". bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Ducros". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Gustaf Estlander". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Auguste Sabatier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Duproix". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Borgeaud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Renouvier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giacomo Stampa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ossip Lourié". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - João Da Comara". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Malwida von Meysenbug". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Zola". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferenc Kemény". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexander Baumgartner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Paris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaspar Núñez de Arce". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Antonio Fogazzaro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Sabatier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frédéric Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José Echegaray y Eizaguirre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Mommsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giosuè Carducci". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gerhart Hauptmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Yeats". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anatoly Koni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ventura Fernández López". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Weitbrecht". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hartmann Grisar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Spencer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernard Bosanquet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Barrière". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Falke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Archibald Robertson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Johan Ibsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Houston Stewart Chamberlain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sir Lewis Morris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Meredith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Zahn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Wagner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Morley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juhani Aho". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arne Garborg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudyard Kipling". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Maeterlinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - François Coppée". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Friedrich Glasenapp". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Langton Douglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Sorel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Iwan Gilkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Algernon Charles Swinburne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Morris Cohen Brandes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Selma Lagerlöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anatole France". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émilie Lerou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Demitrios Bernardakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jaroslav Vrchlický". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Chapman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eliza Orzeszkowa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Godfrey Sweven". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John M Brown". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pedro Figueroa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Franck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Boissier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Neidig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Haushofer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Bewer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Booth". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Widmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Raymond". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Borden Parker Bowne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angelo de Gubernatis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - João Bonança". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Holger Drachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ McLaren biography on Wikipedia
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ian Maclaren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Andrés Manjón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edouardo Benot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Souris". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angel Guimerà y Jorge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Bourget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Eucken". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julio Calcaño". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Hutchison". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmondo de Amicis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adolf von Harnack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Verner von Heidenstam". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Melchoir de Vogüé". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Greif". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco d'Ovidio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Lavisse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador Rueda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Verhaeren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Heyse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Warneck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Benignus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Jules Émile Fouillée". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Édouard Rod". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Howells". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Bridges". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Andrew Lang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Molly Seawell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Loti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Hardy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Gjellerup". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Bernard Shaw". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert de Mun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Fröding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rafael Altamira y Crevea". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Harald Høffding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry James". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Peter Rosegger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst von der Recke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Schönherr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature nobelprize.org
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Spitteler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Bergson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pecho Slavejkov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sven Hedin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean-Henry Fabre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvatore Farina". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Benito Pérez Galdós". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adolf Frey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Kinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Frazer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rabindranath Tagore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Pontppidan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Grazia Deledda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Dowden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Lord Avebury". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francis Welles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Faguet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jakob Knudsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmond Picard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Antonio Serra y Morant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jan Machar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Bazin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dora Melegari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Willem Kloos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dmitry Merezhkovsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Grønbech". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Romain Rolland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Doughty". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferdinand Avenarius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erik Axel Karlfeldt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Roby Datta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Franko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Heiberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Troels Troels-Lund". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - The Pali Text Society". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Per Hallström". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Otokar Březina". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henrik Schück". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Vazov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Otto Ernst Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jeppe Aakjaer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Bojer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Olaf Bull". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bertel Gripenberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Knut Hamsun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Frenssen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alois Jirásek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maksim Gorky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Gunnarsson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Władysław Reymont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Galsworthy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ebenezer Howard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugo von Hofmannsthal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arno Holz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilbur Abbot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacinto Benavente". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Revel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Boutroux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan Zeromski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Wells". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigrid Undset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Darrell Figgis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg von Below". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Israel Zangwill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michael Sadleir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Matilde Serao". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Bracco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ludwig von Pastor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Inge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Ernst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Alexeievitch Bunin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Balmont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Einar Hjörleifsson Kvaran". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ R.Fr.Krummel Nietzsche und der deutsche Geist, Bd.1, 219 (De Gruyter, 1998)
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Türck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Guglielmo Ferrero". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Mann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Neuburger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Olav Duun". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johannes Jensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul More". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovanni Schembari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Raynal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferenc Herczeg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Maria Holzapfel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Bennett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pyotr Krasnov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Avetis Aharonian". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sofia Casanova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vicente Huidobro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edvard Westernack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ada Negri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Zorilla de San Martín". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Kraus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Bonne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Henry Rosny Aîné". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Josip Kosor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kostis Palamas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johannes Jørgensen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Concha Espina de la Serna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Claudel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cesare Pascarella". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eduard Meyer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Scott". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Wharton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Édouard Estaunié". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erwin Kolbenheyer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Armando Palacio Valdés". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Däubler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frederik van Eeden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alf Larsen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Elisabeth Mathieu de Noailles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Grozev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Driesch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Bartsch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rufino Blanco-Fombona". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Felix Timmermans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ricarda Huch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cale Young Rice". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Knud Rasmussen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan George". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edwin Robinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Benedetto Croce". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thornton Wilder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sinclair Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frans Eemil Sillanpää". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodore Dreiser". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Clotilde de Arvelo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manfred Kyber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arvid Järnefelt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yrjö Hirn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edgar Lee Masters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nathanael Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anton Wildgans". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Valéry". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lion Feuchtwanger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Kassner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Kessner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Hesse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Laura Mestre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francis Jammes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ole Rølvaag". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erich Maria Remarque". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Sjmeljov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón Pérez de Ayala". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Andersen Nexø". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón Menéndez Pidal". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco Orestano". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Axel Munthe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Percival Elgood". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Grigol Robakidze". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michael Blümelhuber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karel Capek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Ekelund". NbelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manuel Gálvez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Upton Beall Sinclair". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique Neto". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Beerbohm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Bédier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Roguin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Chajim Bialik". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Stehr". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - António Correia de Oliveira". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos María Ocantos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José Ortega y Gasset". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sarvelli Radhakrishnan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luigi Pirandello". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugene O'Neill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Roger Martin du Gard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francisco García Calderón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ventura García Calderón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ole Hallesby". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ewald Sundberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Holm". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Karl Ginzkey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tadeusz Zielinski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jarl Hemmer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Schlumberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Cousins". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sven Lönborg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Émile Mâle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gudmundur Kamban". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Violet Clifton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elise Richter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gilbert Keith Chesterton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dezsö Szabó". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Víctor Manuel Rendón". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edvarts Virza". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Saul Tchernichovsky". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - ÉJohn Masefield". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Romains". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Asis Domet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hari Mohan Banerjee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ludwig Klages". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigmund Freud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Edward Evershed". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cecile Tormay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Fallada". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arvid Mörne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Duhamel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Magre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Pajot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Schering". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Jotuni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Verwey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive -William Pickard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Valdemar Rördam". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sally Salminen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bensadhar Majumdar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maila Talvio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Béhaine". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Falkberget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stijn Streuvels". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Giono". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pearl Buck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur van Schendel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Margaret Mitchell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Veikko Koskeinniemi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Racey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mohammad Khan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sanjib Chaudhuri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Charasson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mark Aldanov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herman Teirlinck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aldous Huxley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Flávio de Carvalho". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Samuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Egidio Poblete Escudero". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry Richadson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh Walpole". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Huizinga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Roland Holst van der Schalk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henriette Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Baie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hu Shih". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Dabrowska". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gabriela Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfonso Strafile". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gösta Carlberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Bailley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmund Blunden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Sandburg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lin Yutang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manoell Wanderley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ruth Young". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Branislav Petronievic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sigfrid Siwertz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nikolaj Berdyayev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Teixeira de Pascoaes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Morgan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique Larreta". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Carossa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Steinbeck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sri Aurobindo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Werfel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Hellens". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elisabet Bagriana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Abol-Gassem E'tessam Zadeh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luís Nueda y Santiago". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnulf Øverland". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Eliot". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Theotokas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Morgan Forster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - E Forster". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Under". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Gide". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - François Mauriac". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sir Winston Leonard Churchill". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Boris Pasternak". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Herbert Grierson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Schalom Asch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angelos Sikelianos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ignazio Silone". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tarjei Vesaas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pär Lagerkvist". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Hemingway". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikhail Sholokhov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michail Solochov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Joseph Agnon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernard O'Dowd". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Horace Kallen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Grigorios Xenopoulos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Toyohiko Kagawa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georgios Drosinis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nikos Kazantzakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Malraux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Halldór Kiljan Laxness". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sidonie Gabrielle Collette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Dorothy Fisher". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Santayana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zalman Schneur". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salman Schneour". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Macauley Trevelyan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Riccardo Bacchelli". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Faulkner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Camus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacinto Grau Delgado". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Reinaldo Temprano Azcona". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Leonid Leonov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Enrique González Martínez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfonso Reyes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sean O'Casey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Taha Hussein". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alberto Moravia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bertrand Russell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Moreton Drax Plunkett Dunsany". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Leopold Staff". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thomas Raddall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Steffen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Dewey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hermann Broch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Júlio Dantas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alfred Noyes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jakobus Bloem". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Toynbee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Jaspers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karen Blixen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gertrud von Le Fort". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Frost". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Buber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Graves". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Simon Vestdijk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mika Waltari". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Graham Greene". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ezequiel Martinez Estrada". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sotiris Skipis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Katherine Susannah Prichard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Enriqueta Camarillo y Roa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Romulo Gallegos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José-Maria Ferreira de Castro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ferreira de Castro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Ramón Jiménez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Albert Schweitzer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Dover Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Plisnier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Vialar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Artus". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Van Wyck Brooks". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Walter de la Mare". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julien Benda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Werner Bergengruen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Werner Bergengruen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador de Madariaga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gottfried Benn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Mell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alberto Hidalgo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jaroslav Seifert". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ricardo Rojas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Vanzype". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Vouyouklatis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Jung". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Saint-John Perse". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - George Seferis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugenio Montale". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Igor Gouzenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustav Suits". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Reinhold Schneider". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst Curtius". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos Vaz Ferreira". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Bryant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovanni Papini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edith Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adrianus Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Adrianus Roland Holst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Somerset Maugham". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Leslie Poles Hartley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Bosco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giuseppe Ungaretti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ezra Pound". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pablo Neruda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Guitton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marthe Bibesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Francesco Chiesa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bert Brecht". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Melpo Axioti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Armand Godoy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elizabeth Goudge". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gonzague de Reynold". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jules Supervielle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vasco Pratolini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Christopher Fry". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Pagnol". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernst Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry de Motherlant". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gabriel Marcel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Luis Borges". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean-Paul Sartre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Samuel Beckett". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lennox Robinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Valery Larbaud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Knuth Becker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jan Parandowski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frak Thiess". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlo Levi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mircea Eliade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Chamson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Väinö Linna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvatore Quasimodo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivo Andrić". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elio Vittorini". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Gould Cozzens". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Richard Hersey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Fernand Baldensperger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elizabeth Bowen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Alexander Schröder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Alexander Schroeder". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Cowper Powys". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Junichiro Tanizaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lionel Trilling". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Bowra". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Penn Warren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Simenon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Janzaburo Nihiwaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Junzaburo Nishiwaki". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tennessee Williams". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miroslav Krleža". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ernest Claes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sochi Raut Roy". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Osbert Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sacheverell Sitwell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Mauron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Martin Heidegger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mario Roques". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frank Raymond Leavis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juana de Ibarbourou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stefan Andres". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Heimito von Doderer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Raquel Adler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Torga". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Zweig". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Egon Holthusen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Étienne Gilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Aragon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Seghers". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Max Frisch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Julien Gracq". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Heinrich Böll". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Thurber". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aquilino Ribeiro". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Noël". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Lehmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Price-Mars". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Heinrich Wagger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wesley LaViolette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Franz Theodor Csokor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elias Venezis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Stratis Myrivilis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aksel Sandemose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Boynton Priestley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Char". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yasunari Kawabata". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michel de Ghelderode". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gaston Bachelard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Cora Sandel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giulia Scappino Murena". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur David Waley". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Anouilh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Simone de Beauvoir". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Ronald Reuel Tolkien". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Jean Jouve". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edmund Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles Percy Snow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lawrence Durrell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wystan Hugh Auden". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedrich Dürrenmatt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Wikipedia article on Johnson
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eyvind Johnson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Boris Zaytsev". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Humphrey Davy Findley Kitto". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Schwarz-Bart". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Erich Nossack". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Manfred Hausmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ronald Syme". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pietro Ubaldi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Josep Carner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Zuckmayer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Guillén". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vilhelm Moberg". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erich Kästner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Roman Jakobsson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - William Heinesen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nelly Sachs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ingeborg Bachmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Emilio Cecchi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ingemar Düring". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - René Étiemble". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jevgenij Aleksandrovic Jevtusenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rudolf Pfeiffer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kate Roberts". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Breton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ramón José Sender". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Cocteau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Guéhenno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Löwith". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Charles de Gaulle". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yukio Mishima". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Erico Verissimo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Thibon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marcel Jouhandeau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vladimir Nabokov". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Queffélec". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Léopold Sédar Senghor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Michel Butor". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Ángel Asturias". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Harry Martinson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Camilo José Cela". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jérôme Carcopino". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Thomas Farrell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Michaux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Perret". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Pirenne". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ina Seidel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre Emmanuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hossein Ghods-Nakhai". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Judith Wright". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gunnar Ekelöf". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh MacDiarmid". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Katherine Anne Porter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Celan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Lowell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José Maria Peman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugène Ionesco". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1965" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Theodor Wisengrund Adorno". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alceu Amoroso Lima". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tudor Arghezi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gilbert Cesbron". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Open University - Sudhindra Nath Ghose". open.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sudhin Ghose". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gopal Singh". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Giovannino Guareschi". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre-Jakez Helias". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wilhelm Röpke". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alan Sillitoe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carl Erik Soya". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Troyat". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marguerite Yourcenar". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anna Akhmatova". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marie Luise Kaschnitz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zeinolabedin Rahnema". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Paustovkij". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Enciklopaedia Iranica - Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh Esfahani". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alejo Carpentier y Valmont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gyula Illyés". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1966" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Günter Grass". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Johan Collett Borgen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlo Emilio Gadda". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Thierry Maulnier". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henri Muller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Walter Pabst". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pierre-Henri Simon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexandre Arnoux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Witold Marian Gombrowicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arnold Wesker". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1967" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Saul Bellow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Claude Eugène Henri Simon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arturo Capdevila". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Magnus Enzensberger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Genet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lawrence Sargent Hall". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedrich Georg Jünger". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Basij Khalkhali". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georg Lukács". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - André Pézard". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pavlo Tychyna". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lina Kostenko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ivan Drach". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Emil Boyson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Carlos Drummond de Andrade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Germán Pardo García". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Rabbe Arnfinn Enckell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jorge Amado". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1968" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Patrick White". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mildred Breedlove". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zbigniew Herbert". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Segismundo Masel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Marianne Craig Moore". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Konstantin Fedin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Peter Vansittart". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kazimierz Wierzyński". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Angus Wilson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Delteil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Claude Lévi-Strauss". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Friedebert Tuglas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Agustí Bartra". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tadeusz Rózewicz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Montague Compton Mackenzie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Lucien Martin-Saint-René". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Vladimír Holan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luis Buñuel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sławomir Mrożek". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1969" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aleksandr Solzjenitsyn". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elias Canetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Cassou". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Dumézil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Louis Guilloux". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yasushi Inoue". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Bernhard Karlgren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Pinget". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Anthony Powell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Raymond Queneau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jean Rateau-Landeville". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gustave Roud". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Nathalie Sarraute". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hannu Sulo Salama". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ton Smerdel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Ho Huu Tuong". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jacques Maritain". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hans Ruin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jerzy Andrzejewski". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Karl Krolow". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Miller". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alain Robbe-Grillet". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Zaharia Stancu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - László Mécs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tawfik El-Hakim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Gerard Walschap". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugh L MacLennan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Aimé Césaire". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Siegfried Lenz". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Edward Franklin Albee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1970" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Eugen Barbu". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Hugo Samuel Bergmann". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Heðin Brú". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Ganzo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Joseph Dorra-Haddad". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sei Itō". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tatsuzō Ishikawa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Kwang-Soo Lee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Alexander Lernet-Holenia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Victoria Ocampo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Emilo Oribe". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Luis Valeri". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Frank Waters". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Amado Magcalas Yuzon". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Evaristo Ribera Chevremont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Salvador Espriu i Castelló". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - John Saunders Lewis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Denis de Rougemont". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Pandelis Prevelakis". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Harold Macmillan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikha´il Nu´ayma". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Sándor Weöres". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paavo Juhani Haavikko". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Abraham Sutzkever". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1971" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Wılliam Gerald Golding". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Elie Wiesel". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José María Arguedas". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - James Arthur Baldwin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Mikola Bazhan". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Jawad Boulos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Lord David Cecil". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tsendiin Damdinsüren". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Paul Demiéville". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Maurice Genevoix". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Younghill Kang". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Richard Eun Kook Kim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arthur Koestler". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Archibald MacLeish". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Miguel Melendres de Tarragone". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Fritiof Nilsson Piraten". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ Buddhist Studies review. I, no. 1, p.50 (1983-4)
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Robert Shih". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - José García Villa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Henry William Williamson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Arno Schmidt". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Romain Gary". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Philip Arthur Larkin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Georges Schehadé". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nomination Archive - Yannis Ritsos". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Nobelarkivet-1972" (PDF). svenskaakademien.se. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.