Blood and Sand (1941 film)

Blood and Sand
Original film poster
Directed by	Rouben Mamoulian
Screenplay by	Jo Swerling
Based on	the novel by Vicente Blasco Ibanez
Produced by	Associate producer: Robert T. Kane Producer: Darryl F. Zanuck
Starring	Tyrone Power Linda Darnell Rita Hayworth Nazimova Anthony Quinn J. Carrol Naish Lynn Bari John Carradine Laird Cregar Monty Banks Vicente Gómez
Cinematography	Ernest Palmer, A.S.C. Ray Rennahan, A.S.C.
Edited by	Robert Bischoff
Music by	Alfred Newman Vicente Gómez (guitarist)
Color process	Technicolor
Distributed by	20th Century Fox
Release date	May 22, 1941
Running time	125 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$1,115,200
Box office	$2,717,200

Blood and Sand is a 1941 American romantic Technicolor film starring Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Rita Hayworth, and Nazimova. Directed by Rouben Mamoulian, it was produced by 20th Century Fox and was based on the 1908 Spanish novel, which was critical of bullfighting, Blood and Sand (Sangre y arena), by Vicente Blasco Ibanez. The supporting cast features Anthony Quinn, Lynn Bari, Laird Cregar, J. Carrol Naish, John Carradine and George Reeves. Rita Hayworth's singing voice was dubbed by Gracilla Pirraga.

The film has two versions of Blood and Sand: a 1922 version produced by Paramount Pictures and starring Rudolph Valentino; as well as a 1916 version filmed by Blasco Ibanez with the help of Max André; in addition to a later 1989 version starring Christopher Rydell and Sharon Stone. This was the fourth and last in which Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell worked together. The others were Day-Time Wife (1939), Brigham Young (1940), and The Mark of Zorro (1940).

Plot

As a child, Juan Gallardo (Rex Downing) wants only to become a bullfighter like his dead father. One night he has an argument with the pompous critic Natalio Curro (Laird Cregar), who criticized Juan's father's lack of talent in the bullring. The argument spurs Juan to travel to Madrid and achieve his dream of success in the bullring. Before leaving, he promises his aristocratic child sweetheart Carmen Espinosa (Ann Todd) he will return when he is a success and marry her.

Ten years later, Juan Gallardo (now played by Tyrone Power) returns to Seville. He has become a matador and uses his winnings to help his impoverished family. He sets his mother (Nazimova) up in a fine house and enables her to give up her work as a scrubwoman. He also lavishes money on his sister Encarnacion (Lynn Bari) and her fiancé Antonio (William Montague) so they can open a business and wed. He hires ex-bullfighter Garabato (J. Carrol Naish), who has become a beggar, as his servant. Best of all, he is now able to marry his childhood sweetheart Carmen (Linda Darnell) as he had promised.

Juan's wealth and fame continue to grow along with his talents as a bullfighter. Eventually he becomes Spain's most acclaimed matador. Even the once scornful critic Curro now lavishes praises upon Juan and brags that it was he who discovered Juan's talent. Although Juan remains illiterate, doors open to society and he catches the eye of sultry socialite Doña Sol des Muire (Rita Hayworth) at one of his bullfights.

Hayworth and Power

Juan is blinded by the attention his fame has brought and Doña Sol finds it easy to lead him astray. He soon begins to neglect his wife, family and training in favor of her privileged and decadent lifestyle. His performance in the bullring suffers from his excesses and he falls from his position as the premiere matador of Spain while his extravagant lifestyle means that he has no savings and fails to pay suppliers and employees. His manager warns Juan that he is heading for destruction but Juan refuses to accept his advice. With falling fame and income comes rejection by everyone once important to him, while Carmen leaves him after she learns of his affair. With his fame now gone, Doña Sol moves on to new up and coming matador Manolo de Palma (Anthony Quinn), Juan's childhood friend.

After losing everything, a repentant Juan begs for forgiveness and is taken back by Carmen. He promises her to leave bullfighting but wishes to have one final bullfight to prove he is still a great matador. His prayers for one last success, however, are not answered and, like his father before him, he is gored by the bull. Garabato angrily says the "beast" is the crowd, not the bull. Juan dies in the arms of Carmen as the crowd cheers for Manolo's victory over the bull. Manolo bows to the fickle crowd near the stain left in the sand by Juan's blood.

Main cast and characters

	Tyrone Power as Juan		Linda Darnell as Carmen Espinosa
	Rita Hayworth as Doña Sol		Nazimova as Senora Augustias
	Anthony Quinn as Manolo de Palma		J. Carrol Naish as Garabato
	Lynn Bari as Encarnación		John Carradine as Nacional
	Laird Cregar as Natalio Curro

Actor	Role
William Montague	Antonio López
Vicente Gómez	Guitarist
George Reeves	Captain Pierre Lauren
Pedro deCordoba	Don José Álvarez
Fortunio Bonanova	Pedro Espinosa
Victor Kilian	Priest
Michael Morris	La Pulga
Charles Stevens	Pablo Gómez
Ann Todd	Carmen (as a child)
Cora Sue Collins	Encarnación (as a child)
Russell Hicks	Marquis
Maurice Cass	El Milquetoast
Rex Downing	Juan (as a child)
John Wallace	Francisco
Jacqueline Dalya	Gachi
Cullen Johnson	Manolo (as a child)
Larry Harris	Pablo (as a child)
Ted Frye	La Pulga (as a child)
Schuyler Standish	Nacional (as a child)

Uncredited (in order of appearance)

Fred Malatesta	Waiter
Michael Visaroff	Minor Role
Rafael Alcayde	Undetermined Role
Elena Verdugo	Specialty Dancer
Francis McDonald	Manolo's Friend
Esther Estrella	Street Gachi
Cecilia Callejo	Street Gachi
Barry Norton	Dinner Guest
Bess Flowers	Dinner Guest
Kay Linaker	Guest of Doña Sol
Julian Rivero	Bullfight Attendant
Gino Corrado	Waiter

Production

Hayworth and Power

Over 30 actresses were considered for the role of Doña Sol, including Gene Tierney and Dorothy Lamour. After Carole Landis, Zanuck's original choice, refused to dye her hair red for the role, Rita Hayworth was cast. Rouben Mamoulian's sets were inspired by the works of painters El Greco, Goya and Velázquez. During shooting, he carried paint spray guns so he could alter the color of props at a moment's notice. He also painted shadows onto walls rather than changing the lighting.

The film's exterior long shots were filmed in the Plaza de Toros in Mexico City. The famous bullfighter Armillita instructed Power and other cast members and doubled as Power in some of the bullfighting sequences shot on location. Tailor Jose Dolores Perez copied two of Armillita's elaborate matador suits for the film.

Oscar "Budd" Boetticher Jr. served as a technical advisor. This was his first film. He also worked with Power on bullfighting techniques and helped dance director Geneva Sawyer to choreograph the dance between Hayworth and Anthony Quinn.

Rita Hayworth's singing voice was dubbed by Graciela Párraga.

Unlike most films at the time, Blood and Sand was not previewed, but premiered uncut at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in May 1941.

A Lux Radio Theatre version of the story, starring Power and his then-wife Annabella as Carmen, was broadcast on October 20, 1941.

Reception

The film was a big hit and earned a profit of $662,500.

Variety praised the picture, adding: "Especially effective are the bullfight arena sequences...Power delivers a persuasive performance as Ibanez's hero while Darnell is pretty and naive as the young wife. Hayworth is excellent as the vamp and catches major attention on a par with Nazimova, who gives a corking performance as Power's mother."

On the other hand, The New York Times' review (signed T.S.) was very negative: "For there is too little drama, too little blood and sand, in it. Instead the story constantly bogs down in the most atrocious romantic cliches... (There are) glimpses of a stunning romantic melodrama with somber overtones. But most of the essential cruelty of the theme is lost in pretty colors and rhetorical speeches...The better performances come in the lesser roles—Laird Cregar as an effeminate aficionado, J. Carrol Naish as a broken matador, John Carradine as a grumbling member of the quadrilla. For one enthralling moment Vicente Gomez, the musician, appears on the screen. If the film had only caught the barbaric pulse of Gomez's incomparable fingers at the guitar, there would be good cause for cheers. Instead it has been content for the most part to posture beautifully...".

Leonard Maltin gives the film three out of four stars, describing it as a "Pastel remake of Valentino's silent film about naive bullfighter who ignores true love (Darnell) for temptress (Hayworth). Slow-paced romance uplifted by Nazimova's knowing performance as Power's mother; beautiful color production earned cinematographers Ernest Palmer and Ray Rennahan Oscars."

Take-offs

• In the same year, 1941, the Mexican comedian Cantinflas appeared in the Mexican comedy film Ni sangre ni arena ("Neither blood nor sand") a deliberate parody of this picture.
• Inspired by Blood and Sand's popularity, The Three Stooges released a short titled "What's the Matador?" with no story connection except bullfighting. It was filmed in August 1941, three months after Blood and Sand was released, but did not come out until April 1942.
• Fear and Sand, an Italian comedy film of 1948 starring Totò as a hapless bullfighter, plays only with the title.

Awards

The film won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. It also was nominated for Best Art Direction (Richard Day, Joseph C. Wright and Thomas Little).

External links

• Blood and Sand at IMDb
• Blood and Sand at AllMovie
• Blood and Sand at the TCM Movie Database
• Blood and Sand at the American Film Institute Catalog
• Blood and Sand album featured at the Florida Atlantic University Libraries

Media related to Blood and Sand (1941 film) at Wikimedia Commons