Paxos
Paxoi
Παξοί | |
|---|---|
 The natural port of Gaios, protected by Agios Nikolaos islet | |
  Paxoi Location within the region  | |
| Coordinates: 39°12′N 20°10′E / 39.200°N 20.167°ECoordinates: 39°12′N 20°10′E / 39.200°N 20.167°E | |
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | Ionian Islands |
| Regional unit | Corfu |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 30.121 km2 (11.630 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Municipality | 2,300 |
| • Municipality density | 76/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 490 82 |
| Area code(s) | 26620 |
| Vehicle registration | KY |
| Website | www.paxi.gr |
Paxos (Greek: Παξός) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, lying just south of Corfu. As a group with the nearby island of Antipaxos and adjoining islets, it is also called by the plural form Paxi or Paxoi (Greek: Παξοί, pronounced /pækˈsiː/ in English and [paˈksi] in Greek). The main town and the seat of the municipality is Gaios.[2] The smallest of the seven main Ionian Islands (the Heptanese), Paxos has an area of 25.3 square kilometres (9.8 sq mi), while the municipality has an area of 30.121 km2 (11.630 sq mi) and a population of about 2300.[3]
Paxos lies some 15 km from the southern tip of Corfu, and at about the same distance from the town of Parga on the mainland. It is connected by ferry lines from Igoumenitsa and Corfu with Gaios. The island is hilly, the highest point having an elevation of 230 m.[4]
In Greek mythology, Poseidon created the island by striking Corfu with his trident, so that he and his wife Amphitrite could have some peace and quiet.
History[edit]
Although it was possibly inhabited from prehistoric times, the Phoenicians are traditionally held to have been the first settlers on Paxos. The name is believed to be derived from Pax, which meant trapezoidal in their language.[5]
This island is noted for the Battle of Paxos, fought between the ancient Greek and Illyrian fleets during the First Illyrian War in 229 BC. The battle is recorded by the ancient historian Polybius (The Histories, book 2, chapter 2).
The Romans ruled the island from the 2nd century BC, and during the Byzantine period and Middle Ages it was constantly attacked by pirates. After various rulers and Crusaders had passed through, the island was taken by the Venetians at the end of the 14th century.
During the Napoleonic wars, the Ionian Islands were taken by the French and the Russo-Turkish alliance. On 13 February 1814, the island of Paxos surrendered to the Royal Navy frigate HMS Apollo and 160 troops from the 2nd Greek Light Infantry from Cephalonia and the 35th Regiment of the Royal Corsican Rangers. In 1815, the United Kingdom established the Ionian Union. In 1864, together with the rest of the Heptanese, Paxos was ceded to Greece.
Geography[edit]
Paxos lies some 15 km from the southern tip of Corfu, and at about the same distance from the town of Parga on the mainland.
The island is approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) long and up to 3 kilometres (2 mi) wide, stretching in northwest-southeast direction. Much of the hilly landscape is covered in olive groves. These stretch from Lakka, the harbour community in the north, through Magazia to Gaios, the capital. Coastal communities of Gaios, Lakka and Longos on the east coast are the three main settlements, while the interior features numerous scattered hamlets. The west coast is dominated by steep white, chalky cliffs that are greatly eroded at sea level, and harbour many "blue caves". The highest point of the island is Agios Isavros at an elevation of 231 m. Several islets lie very close to the coast of Paxos: Agios Nikolaos and Panagia protect the harbor of Gaios, while Mongonisi and Kaltsonisi lie off the southeastern tip. Antipaxos lies some 5 km further southeast.[6]
Olive oil making, soap manufacture and fishing were supplanted by tourism as the main industry in the mid sixties, resulting in a construction boom, which has greatly altered the coastline around Gaios, the capital of the Paxiot demos (community).
Province[edit]
The province of Paxoi (Greek: Επαρχία Παξών) was one of the provinces of the Corfu Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Paxoi.[7] It was abolished in 2006.
Foreign residents[edit]
Among well known semi-permanent British inhabitants were Audrey Good, former commander of the UN refugee bases in Epirus following the Greek Civil War, actor Peter Bull (author of It Isn't All Greek to Me) and actress Susannah York. Some members of the Agnelli family (of FIAT fame) have built a palatial holiday home—complete with faux medieval tower—on a small island of (Kaltonisi) situated near the southernmost tip ('the heel') of Paxos, close to the beach of Mongonissi. The presence of such residents, and the development of the coastal area (mostly by Italian nationals) explains why Paxos has now become one of the most expensive pieces of real estate in Greece.[citation needed]
Paxos is part of a European network called Cultural Village of Europe. The annual Paxos Festival was founded by John Gough, and is now organised by the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, and attracts some of Europe's finest young performers. This festival events usually take place between June to September and are usually held in the disused school of Longos.[8]
Transport[edit]
The island is serviced by combined passenger and vehicle ferries which operate year-round from the port of Igoumenitsa on the mainland of Greece (1.5 hours). In the tourist season hydrofoils, passenger ferries and sea-taxis operate from Corfu (1-2 hours). A hydrofoil passenger service operates outside the tourist season, but is infrequent and weather dependent. Winter visitors should anticipate occasional periods of isolation.
Dialect[edit]
A dialect is spoken resembling that of Corfu and having a similar prosody. It is heavily influenced by Italian. [9]
| Climate data for Loggos, Paxi (Λογγός, Παξοί) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.4 (88.5) |
27.6 (81.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.8 (62.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 132 (5.2) |
136 (5.4) |
98 (3.9) |
62 (2.4) |
36 (1.4) |
14 (0.6) |
7 (0.3) |
18 (0.7) |
75 (3.0) |
148 (5.8) |
181 (7.1) |
180 (7.1) |
1,087 (42.9) |
| Source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute (temperatures)[10] and Holiday Weather.com (rainfall)[11] | |||||||||||||
Communities and settlements[edit]
- Antipaxos (nearby island)
- Mogonisi (nearby island)
- Panagia (nearby island)
- Agios Nikolaos (nearby island)
- Katsonisi (nearby island)
- Apergatika
- Argyratika
- Arvanitakeika
- Aronatika
- Dalietatika
- Gaios (seat)
- Gramatikeika
- Lakka (second-largest settlement)
- Loggos (third-largest settlement)
- Magazia
- Makratika
- Ozias
- Platanos (or Fontana / Fountana)
- Velianitatika (or Veliantatika)
- Vlachopoulatika
- Zenebissatika
Gaios Port
Square of Gaios
Museum of Paxos
Paxos Governor's house 1840
Paxi - Antipaxi coast
Giorgos Anemogiannis monument 1821
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
- ^ "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
- ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece.
- ^ "Geography of Paxi island". Greekacom. 11 May 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ "The official page of Paxos". The official page of Paxos – History. 30 November 1999. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
- ^ "Geography of Paxi island". Greekacom. 11 May 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
- ^ "Detailed census results 1991" (PDF). (39 MB) (in Greek and French)
- ^ "Program 2019". Paxos Festival. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ^ Glossary of Paxiot expressions
- ^ Web: Yr – Været for Norge og verden fra NRK og Meteorologisk institutt.
- ^ Web: Holiday Weather.com
External links[edit]
| Regional unit of Corfu |  | |
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| Regional unit of Cephalonia | ||
| Regional unit of Ithaca | ||
| Regional unit of Lefkada | ||
| Regional unit of Zakynthos | ||
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