Cervinae

Cervinae; Temporal range: Late Miocene to recent; ~11.63–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Père David's Deer (Elaphurus davidianus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Cervidae
Subfamily:	Cervinae; Goldfuss, 1820
Genera
	Elaphodus; Muntiacus; Dama; Axis; Rucervus; Elaphurus; Rusa; Cervus;

The Cervinae or the Old World deer, are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the plesiometacarpal deer, due to their ankle structure being different from the telemetacarpal deer of the Capreolinae.

Classification and species[edit]

The following species are recognised in extant genera:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Tribe Muntiacini
- Genus Elaphodus
  - Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
- Genus Muntiacus
  - Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)
  - Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)
  - Fea's muntjac (M. feae)
  - Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)
  - Indian muntjac (M. muntjak)
  - Sumatran muntjac (M. montanum)
  - Pu Hoat muntjac (M. puhoatensis)
  - Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)
  - Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)
  - Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)
  - Truong Son muntjac or Annamite muntjac (M. truongsonensis)
  - Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
Tribe Cervini ("true" deer)
- Genus Dama
  - Common fallow deer (D. dama)
  - Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
- Genus Axis
  - Chital (A. axis)
  - Calamian deer (A. calamianensis)
  - Bawean deer (A. kuhlii)
  - Indian hog deer (A. porcinus)
- Genus Rucervus
  - Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)
  - Eld's deer (R. eldii)
  - †Schomburgk's deer (R. schomburgki)
- Genus Elaphurus
  - Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
- Genus Rusa
  - Visayan spotted deer or Prince Alfred's deer (R. alfredi)
  - Philippine deer or Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)
  - Javan rusa deer (R. timorensis)
  - Sambar (R. unicolor)
- Genus Cervus
  - Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)
  - Elk or American wapiti (C. canadensis)
  - Red deer (C. elaphus)
  - Central Asian red deer (C. hanglu)
  - Sika deer (C. nippon)

Extinct genera[edit]

References[edit]

^ Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.
^ Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
^ Alvarez D. (2007)^{[full citation needed]}
^ Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919.
^ "A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.

[Randi2001-1] Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.

[Pitraa2004-2] Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.

[Alvarez2007-3] Alvarez D. (2007)^{[full citation needed]}

[Duarte2008-4] Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919.

[5] "A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]