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First American edition's title page

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is a 1792 book of feminist philosophy by Mary Wollstonecraft. Wollstonecraft argues that women ought to have an education commensurate with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and could be "companions" to their husbands. Instead of viewing women as ornaments or property, she maintains that they are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men. Wollstonecraft was prompted to write the Rights of Woman by Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord's 1791 report to the French National Assembly which stated that women should only receive a domestic education; she commented to launch a broad attack against sexual double standards and to indict men for encouraging women to be excessively emotional. She wrote the Rights of Woman hurriedly in order to respond quickly; she died before completing a more thoughtful second volume. (This article is part of a featured topic: Mary Wollstonecraft.)

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Glaciers on Mount Speke in the Rwenzori Mountains

... that the Rwenzori glaciers (examples pictured) are being melted by climate change in Uganda?
... that Edward A. Synan, a military chaplain, wrote over eighty journal articles on subjects ranging from early patristics to late scholasticism?
... that Italian football club A.C. Monza played 40 seasons in Serie B before securing promotion to Serie A – more than any other club?
... that Red Jordan Arobateau adopted "Red" as his first name after dyeing his hair red because he thought the color represented sensuality and eroticism of his work?
... that according to Bohr's law, the person who draws first in a gunfight loses?
... that Richmond station includes a "rather disquieting" artwork by William Mitchell?
... that Kwaku Ohene-Frempong, an expert in sickle cell disease, decided while still in medical school to devote his life to the study of the disease, after his newborn son was diagnosed with the condition?
... that a Nevada radio station named "Sexy" blew into town with a windstorm?

In the news

Yair Lapid

Yair Lapid (pictured) succeeds Naftali Bennett as Prime Minister of Israel.
Fifty-three unlawful migrants are found dead in a tractor-trailer in San Antonio, Texas, United States.
In ice hockey, the Colorado Avalanche defeat the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the Stanley Cup.
At least twenty-one people are found dead in a nightclub in East London, South Africa.

On this day

July 2: Feast day of Saints Martinian and Processus (Catholicism)

The Raft of the Medusa

626 – During the Xuanwu Gate Incident, Prince Li Shimin led his forces to assassinate his rival brothers in a coup for the imperial throne of the Tang dynasty.
1816 – The French frigate Méduse ran aground off the coast of present-day Mauritania, with the survivors escaping on a makeshift raft, depicted in Théodore Géricault's painting The Raft of the Medusa (pictured).
1890 – The U.S. Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, the first United States government action to limit monopolies.
1917 – Amidst weeks of race riots in East St. Louis, Illinois, white residents burned sections of the city and shot black inhabitants as they escaped the flames.
2013 – A M_w 6.1 strike-slip earthquake killed at least 35 people and injured 276 others in the Indonesian province of Aceh on the northern end of Sumatra.

Theodoor Rombouts (b. 1597)
Denmark Vesey (d. 1822)
Maria Lourdes Sereno (b. 1960)

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James A. Garfield (1831–1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March to September 1881. On July 2, 1881, four months into his presidency, Garfield was shot at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C., by Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed and delusional office seeker. Garfield died two months later from infections caused by his doctors. He remains the only sitting member of the United States House of Representatives to be elected to the presidency.

Photograph credit: unknown; restored by PawełMM and Quibik

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