vos
Afrikaans[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)
Derived terms[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)
- you (plural, direct or indirect object)
Declension[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
- -vos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with consonant or ⟨u⟩.
- Heu de quedar-vos aquí. ― You must stay here.
Further reading[edit]
- “vos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “vos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2022
- “vos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Danish[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
- Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...
- 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt
- Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...
- 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger
- Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.
- 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
Dutch[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Noun[edit]
vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)
- fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
- red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes
- Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
- fox fur
- a crafty, ingenious person
- Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
- Conrad is a sly fox who does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
- horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived terms[edit]
- brandvos
- een vos verliest wel zijn haren, maar niet zijn streken
- eilandvos
- gewone vos
- grijze vos
- grootoorvos
- kitvos
- kortoorvos
- kruisvos
- moervos
- poolvos
- rode vos
- schoolvos
- vosaap
- vosbelg
- vosbles
- vosgans
- voskleurig
- voskonijn
- vosrekel
- vosruin
- vosschaar
- vosschimmel
- vossen
- vossenbes
- vossengat
- vossengeschreeuw
- vossenhuid
- vossenjacht
- vossenkuil
- vossenstaart
- vossenval
- vossenvel
- woestijnvos
- zilvervos
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb[edit]
vos
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
vos pl
Related terms[edit]
Possessee | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||
Masculine | Feminine | |||||
Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
Third person | leur | leurs |
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Further reading[edit]
- “vos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- inflection of vós:
Icelandic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
vos n (genitive singular voss, nominative plural vos)
Declension[edit]
Interlingua[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- you (plural)
Ladino[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Spanish vosotros.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos (Latin spelling)
- you (formal singular, nominative and accusative)
- accusative of vozotros
- accusative of vozotras
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vōs
- you, ye, you all; nominative/accusative/vocative plural of tū
Usage notes[edit]
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
Declension[edit]
1st and 2nd person personal pronouns declension together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns.
is, ea, id (“he, she, it”) is not included here.
Singular | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ego/egō | tū | — |
genitive | meī | tuī | suī |
dative | mihi/mihī, mī | tibi | sibi |
accusative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
ablative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
vocative | egō | tū | — |
possessive | meus | tuus | suus |
Plural | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
nominative | nōs | vōs | — |
genitive | nostrī, nostrum | vestrī, vestrum | suī |
dative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi |
accusative | nōs | vōs | sē, sēsē |
ablative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē, sēsē |
vocative | nōs | vōs | — |
possessive | noster | vester, voster | suus |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
References[edit]
- “vos”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- “vos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
- not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer
- picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
Lithuanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
vos (not comparable)
Derived terms[edit]
Middle Dutch[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.
Noun[edit]
vos m
Inflection[edit]
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Occitan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
- yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)
Old French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- That you may be able to get rid of this blame
- Que vos puissiez cest blasme estaindre
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
- yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
- you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
- circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:
- qant je vos voi de tel meniere
- when I see you in such a state
Descendants[edit]
Old Occitan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- you (plural or polite form)
Descendants[edit]
- Occitan: vos
Piedmontese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
vos f (plural vos)
Portuguese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Hyphenation: vos
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- 2nd person plural objective pronoun
See also[edit]
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco, com vós | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se | si | consigo | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se | si | consigo |
Sardinian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos (possessive vostru)
Slovene[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ.
Noun[edit]
vọ̑s m inan
Further reading[edit]
- “vos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos
- (archaic) an elevated form of you, either singular or plural
- (parts of Latin America, Chavacano-speaking areas in the Philippines) a form of you, singular
- Synonym: tú
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo/la5 | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further reading[edit]
- “vos”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Walloon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
vos
Synonyms[edit]
- (plural): vozôtes
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan 1-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Danish lemmas
- Danish pronouns
- Danish dialectal terms
- Danish pronunciation spellings
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔs
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔs/1 syllable
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- nl:Canids
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
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- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/o
- French terms with homophones
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- French determiners
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- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician pronoun forms
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Interlingua terms derived from Latin
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua pronouns
- Ladino terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Ladino terms derived from Old Spanish
- Ladino terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino pronouns
- Ladino pronouns in Latin script
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
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- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Latin lemmas
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- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
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- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
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- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch nouns
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- dum:Canids
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
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- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan pronouns
- Occitan personal pronouns
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
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- Old French lemmas
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- Old French personal pronouns
- Old French subject pronouns
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
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- Piedmontese terms inherited from Latin
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- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
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- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese lemmas
- Sardinian terms inherited from Latin
- Sardinian terms derived from Latin
- Sardinian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sardinian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sardinian lemmas
- Sardinian pronouns
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene masculine nouns
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- Slovene terms with obsolete senses
- sl:Hair
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
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- Latin American Spanish
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