Asian Americans and disproportionate exposure to carcinogenic hazardous air pollutants: A national study

Sara E. Grineski; Timothy W. Collins; Danielle X. Morales

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.042

Table 3

GEE Results for Models 3 and 4: Asian-specific models for language (3) and nativity (4) for census tracts in the United States (n=71,208)

	Model 3			Model 4
	B (95% Confidence Interval)	SE	Sig.	B (95% Confidence Interval)	SE	Sig.
Intercept	35.562 (35.189, 35.936)	0.191	^**	35.527 (35.152, 35.902)	0.191	^**
Income	−0.378 (−0.759, 0.002)	0.194		−0.288 (−0.667, 0.090)	0.193
Income Squared	0.714 (0.423, 1.006)	0.149	^**	0.657 (0.367, 0.947)	0.148	^**
Prop. Rented	1.324 (1.131,1.517)	0.099	^**	1.350 (1.157,1.542)	0.098	^**
Prop. Hispanic	−1.673 (−2.174,−1.173)	0.255	^**	−1.776 (−2.281,−1.272)	0.258	^**
Prop. Black	−0.760 (−1.303, −0.216	0.277		−.0888 (−1.434, −0.342	0.279	^**
Prop. American Indian	−0.911 (−1.032, −0.790)	0.062	^**	−0.932 (−1.054, −0.811)	0.062	^**
Prop. Pacific Islander/Nat Hawaiian	−0.265 (−0.345, −0.184)	0.041	^**	−.0270 (−0.352, −0.188)	0.042	^**
Prop. Multiracial/Other	−0.178 (−0.268, −0.088)	0.046	^**	−0.177 (−0.269, −0.084)	0.047	^**
Pop Density	5.509 (4.669, 6.348)	0.428	^**	5.530 (4.691, 6.369)	0.428	^**
Urban	4.702 (4.482, 4.923)	0.113	^**	4.758 (4.536, 4.979)	0.113	^**
Prop. White	−3.532 (−4.201, −2.862)	0.341	^**	−3.698 (−4.372, −3.042)	0.344	^**
Asian: Non-English language	0.105 (0.045, 0.165)	0.031	^**	NA	NA	NA
Asian: Foreign-born	NA	NA	NA	−0.110 (−0.169, −0.050)	0.030	^**

Note:

^**p<.001; Models use an inverse Gaussian distribution with identity link and exchangeable correlation matrix. All independent variables are standardized, except Urban Location.