China Global Television Network

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from CGTN)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"CGTN" redirects here. For the television news channel in English, part of China Global Television Network, see CGTN (TV channel).
China Global Television Network
TypeState media
BrandingCGTN
Country
China
AvailabilityGlobal
HeadquartersCCTV Headquarters, Beijing
OwnerState Council of the People's Republic of China
(China Media Group)
ParentChina Central Television
Established2016
Launch date
31 December 2016, 04:00 London Time/12:00 Beijing Time
Official website
cgtn.com
China Global Television Network
Simplified Chinese中国国际电视台
Traditional Chinese中國國際電視台
Literal meaningChina International Television Station
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中国环球电视网
Traditional Chinese中國環球電視網
Literal meaningChina Global Television Network

China Global Television Network (CGTN) is the international division of state media outlet China Central Television (CCTV), headquartered in Beijing, China. CGTN broadcasts six news and general interest channels in six languages.[1] CGTN is registered under the State Council of the People's Republic of China and is under the control of the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party.[1][2] General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping described CGTN's goal as to "tell China's story well."[3]

Media regulators, journalist advocacy groups, and others have accused CGTN of broadcasting propaganda and disinformation on behalf of the Chinese government, and airing forced confessions.[3][4][5][6][7]

History[edit]

CGTN grew out of CCTV's all-English channel, known as CCTV-9 or CCTV International, launched in 2000 and renamed CCTV News in 2010.[8] Channels in other languages were launched during the mid and late 2000s. In December 2016, the six non-Chinese language television channels under CCTV International were rebranded to bear the CGTN name.[3] By 2022, CGTN had built a network of social media influencers, according to the Associated Press.[9]

Observers have noted that the "aim [of CGTN] is to influence public opinion overseas in order to nudge foreign governments into making policies favourable towards China’s Communist party" through subtle means.[10] Researchers Thomas Fearon and Usha M. Rodrigues argued that CGTN has a "dichotomous role as a credible media competing for audience attention on the world stage, and a vital government propaganda organ domestically."[11]

According to James Palmer at Foreign Policy, the contrasting aims of RT (formerly Russia Today) and CGTN, "mirrors wider strategies: Moscow wants chaos it can exploit, while Beijing wants a stable world order—on its terms".[12] While RT doesn't mind whether it goes to the far-left or the far-right, Chinese state media is permitted to "act from a very narrow, officially approved scope, and the risk of the political extremes is too much," according to journalist Hilton Yip.[13] On the contrary to CGTN's investments in studios and numerous overseas bureaus, "the actual content is a mix of brutally tedious propaganda and bland documentaries. The audience is always the bosses in Beijing, not the average viewer overseas".[13] Yip also noted the growing disillusionment of journalists in China who "are allowed to do little more than parrot the official line", citing a viral video of a journalist rolling her eyes at another reporter's softball question during a ministerial press conference, which "seemed to speak for many in the country who are tired of the charade that local media has become".[13]

Despite a decade of overseas expansion, the redoubling of efforts by CGTN, and to an extension other state media, to push the party's theories and principles abroad is at odds with boosting China's overseas image.[14] CGTN, along with other Chinese state media outlets, is still widely regarded as "editorially biased and full of propaganda, and they still struggle to attract large audiences", particularly in the age of widespread internet use with social media and nontraditional forms of media where the public has become "more averse to clumsy state-run propaganda than ever".[13]

Channels[edit]

Name Language Launch date Previous name
CGTN.svg
CGTN 		English 20 September 1997[15]
  • CCTV-9
  • CCTV-NEWS
CGTN Espanol.png
CGTN-Español 		Spanish 1 October 2007[15]
  • CCTV-E
  • CCTV-Español
CGTN - français.png
CGTN-Français 		French 1 October 2007[15]
  • CCTV-F
  • CCTV-Français
CGTN arabic.png
CGTN-العربية 		Arabic 25 July 2009 CCTV-العربية
CGTN Russian.png
CGTN-Русский 		Russian 10 September 2009 CCTV-Русский
CGTN Documentary logo.png
CGTN Documentary 		English 1 January 2011 CCTV-9 Documentary

Controversies[edit]

Bias, censorship, and disinformation[edit]

Further information: CGTN (TV channel) § Criticism, and Censorship in China

Critics have accused CGTN of broadcasting misinformation and making false allegations against opponents of the Chinese government.[2] The network has been investigated and censured by Britain's Ofcom for biased coverage of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests and the airing of forced confessions.[4][16][17][18][19] CGTN has been characterized as a vehicle for government propaganda and disinformation campaigns by Reporters Without Borders, BBC, and other sources.[2][3][20][21][22]

Despite its revamp launching of CCTV America, critics have voiced concerns over the level of censorship exercised by the channel, especially on sensitive domestic issues in China.[13] Philip Cunningham of Cornell University, who has appeared more than 100 times on China Central Television talk shows, noted that sensitive issues such as Tibet and Xinjiang were heavily edited on various programs.[23] Ma Jing, Director of CCTV America defends the channel against such allegations by saying that the channel edits stories the same way other news organizations do. She said: "We uphold the traditional journalistic values. We consider accuracy, objectivity, truthfulness, and public accountability very important, more important than anything else."[23]

On 18 September 2019, Nick Pollard, a British TV executive, resigned from his post as consultant and advisor to CGTN, giving his reason for leaving as being CGTN's failure to comply with Ofcom's rules on impartiality in connection to its coverage of the Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests.[24] He had joined CGTN in December 2018.[25] Ofcom had several inquiries into CGTN going on in September 2019.[26] In March 2021, CGTN was fined £225,000 by Ofcom for bias in its coverage of the 2019 pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong, which was found to have repeatedly breached fairness and impartiality requirements.[27][28]

A September 2019 article in The Diplomat stated that CGTN "has a consistent record of blatantly and egregiously violating journalistic standards and encouraging or justifying hatred and violence against innocent people."[29]

In July 2021, BBC News reported that CGTN initiated a drive to use foreign vloggers, such as Raz Gal-Or and Lee and Oli Barrett, as stringers to denounce negative coverage of Xinjiang. The use of these individuals prevents YouTube from labelling it as state-sponsored content, although their videos are promoted by state media accounts. Australian cybersecurity researcher Robert Potter from Internet 2.0 says found evidence that these vloggers were heavy promoted using a mix of 50 Cent Army, click farms, fake bot accounts, and fake news websites, all to "spoof YouTube into treating it like a legitimate view."[30] Global Voices reported that CGTN has also hired Arabic-speaking social media influencers to frame Chinese government policies toward the Uyghurs as part of an anti-terrorist measure.[31]

Broadcasting of forced confessions[edit]

See also: Forced confession

CCTV broadcast two forced confessions of the British journalist Peter Humphrey. The first was staged in August 2013, was filmed by a CCTV crew with Humphrey locked in an iron chair inside a steel cage, wearing handcuffs and an orange prison vest. This was before he had been indicted, tried or convicted of a crime. The second, in July 2014, was once again filmed by CCTV, not in a cage this time, but still in a prison vest and handcuffs, before he had been tried or convicted on the charge of illegal information gathering.[32] Both were aired in the UK by CGTN.[33]

On 23 November 2018, Humphrey filed a complaint to Ofcom against CCTV, citing violations of the United Kingdom Broadcasting Code's Fairness and Privacy provisions. Humphrey said that both confessions were scripted and directed by the Chinese police, the public security bureau, while he was a prisoner, in conditions of duress amounting to torture.[33][34] On 6 July 2020, Ofcom ruled that CGTN was guilty of breaching UK broadcasting standards in both incidents. The ruling stated that CGTN had breached Humphrey's privacy and that in the channel's reporting, "material facts were presented, disregarded or omitted in a way that was unfair to Mr Humphrey".[4]

In November 2019, CGTN aired a video of a UK consular employee, Simon Cheng, in captivity "confessing" to consorting with prostitutes. Within a week, Cheng had filed a complaint with Ofcom.[35]

On 8 March 2021, CGTN was fined a total of £225,000 by Ofcom for serious breaches of fairness, privacy and impartiality rules. "We found the individuals (Simon Cheng and Gui Minhai) concerned were unfairly treated and had their privacy unwarrantably infringed," Ofcom said, adding that the broadcaster had "failed to obtain their informed consent to be interviewed." It concluded that "material facts which cast serious doubt on the reliability of their alleged confessions" had been left out of the programmes, which aired pre-trial “confessions” of the two men while they were being detained. Ofcom said it was considering further sanctions.[7][36]

Detained Australian journalist[edit]

Further information: Cheng Lei (journalist) § Detention

In August 2020, Australian CGTN television anchor Cheng Lei was detained by Chinese authorities on national security grounds but no details of accusations were provided.[37][38][39]

COVID-19 misinformation[edit]

Further information: COVID-19 misinformation by China

In April 2020, the non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders criticized CGTN for engaging in disinformation regarding COVID-19.[5] The United States Department of State described CGTN's output on COVID-19 as part of a wider government-led disinformation campaign.[40] In April 2021, the European External Action Service published a report that cited Chinese state media outlets, including CGTN, as spreading disinformation to present Western vaccines as unsafe.[41][42]

French journalist controversy[edit]

In March 2021, an investigation by Le Monde claimed that a supposed French journalist for CGTN named "Laurène Beaumond" was a fabricated identity.[43] Le Figaro disputed this, saying "Beaumond" was a real French journalist from Sarthe, but had been publishing for CGTN under a pseudonym. Le Figaro said they had interviewed "Beaumond", under the condition that her true identity be kept secret.[44]

Accusation of antisemitism[edit]

In May 2021, Israel's embassy in Beijing accused CGTN of "blatant antisemitism" when it broadcast an antisemitic canard during the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis.[45][46][47]

Peng Shuai disappearance[edit]

In December 2021, Chinese professional tennis player Peng Shuai disappeared after publicizing sexual assault allegations against former Chinese vice premier Zhang Gaoli. CGTN's official account on Twitter subsequently posted an "email" professed to be from her claiming she was okay, but attracted questions over its authenticity as a cursor was visible in the screenshot of the third line.[48] The Women's Tennis Association did not believe the email was genuine.[49]

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[edit]

Further information: Disinformation in the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis and Ukraine biolabs conspiracy theory

In March 2022, CGTN paid for digital ads on Facebook targeting global users with briefings and newscasts featuring pro-Kremlin talking points about the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine after Meta Platforms banned Russian state media advertisement buys.[50][51] The same month, CGTN repeated unsubstantiated Russian claims of biological weapons labs in Ukraine.[52][53]

Responses[edit]

U.S. designation as foreign mission[edit]

In 2018, the United States Department of Justice directed CGTN America, the U.S. division of CGTN, to register as a foreign agent under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA).[14] CGTN America said in its FARA filings on 1 February 2019 that it disagreed with the Justice Department's decision, but registered nonetheless.[54] In 2020, the United States Department of State designated CGTN and its parent company, CCTV, as foreign missions.[55][56]

Revocation of UK broadcasting license[edit]

On 4 February 2021, Star China Media (the UK broadcast license holder for CGTN) had its broadcast license revoked by UK broadcasting regulator Ofcom.[57] Ofcom found that Star had no editorial oversight over the channel it was broadcasting, and was instead acting as a third-party distributor for CGTN's feed.[57] Ofcom also denied an application to transfer the broadcast license to the China Global Television Network Corporation (CGTNC), on the grounds that CGTNC was "controlled by a body which is ultimately controlled by the Chinese Communist Party".[57] UK law prohibits license holders from being controlled by political bodies.[58] In a statement, Ofcom said:

We have given CGTN significant time to come into compliance with the statutory rules. Those efforts have now been exhausted. Following careful consideration, taking account of all the facts and the broadcaster’s and audience's rights to freedom of expression, we have decided it is appropriate to revoke the licence for CGTN to broadcast in the UK. We expect to conclude separate sanctions proceedings against CGTN for due impartiality and fairness and privacy breaches shortly.[59]

In what CNN Business characterised as "an apparent tit-for-tat move", the Chinese government on 11 February banned the BBC World News TV channel from airing in China. Given that BBC World News could only be received in so-called foreign compounds (such as internationally owned hotels) in mainland China in the first place, it was unclear what impact, if any, this ban would have.[60]

CGTN later sought and received agreement from French regulatory authorities to broadcast in France, which would allow them to broadcast in member states of the Council of Europe, including the United Kingdom.[61]

In August 2021, Ofcom levied additional fines on CGTN's UK license holder, Star China Media, for breaches of rules around fairness and privacy.[62] The channel announced later in the month that the channel has returned to the UK by launching on Freeview. Ofcom later claimed the channel uses the Vision TV Network, an internet-based datacasting service.[63]

Suspension from SBS[edit]

In March 2021, the Australian television network SBS suspended the English and Mandarin broadcasts of CGTN and CCTV respectively, which were broadcast on SBS as part of its World Watch program, over human rights complaints concerning the airings of "forced confessions."[6][64] CGTN responded that CCTV has signed a cooperation agreement with SBS to broadcast some of CCTV's Chinese programs for free in 2006, but CGTN did not authorize SBS to broadcast its English programs.[65]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "China is spending billions on its foreign-language media". The Economist. 2018-06-14. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  2. ^ a b c Cook, Sarah (September 25, 2019). "China Central Television: A Long-standing Weapon in Beijing's Arsenal of Repression". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Lim, Louisa; Bergin, Julia (2018-12-07). "Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
  4. ^ a b c "'Forced confession' violated UK broadcasting rules". BBC News. 2020-07-06. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  5. ^ a b "Beware of China's coronavirus disinformation, RSF says". Reporters Without Borders. 2020-04-18. Archived from the original on 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
  6. ^ a b Needham, Kirsty (2021-03-05). "Australian broadcaster suspends China's CGTN citing human rights complaint". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2021-03-05.
  7. ^ a b Fisher, Lucy (2021-03-08). "UK watchdog fines Chinese state broadcaster over footage of 'forced confessions'". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  8. ^ Hu, Zhengrong; Ji, Deqiang; Gong, Yukun (2017-11-27), Thussu, Daya Kishan; de Burgh, Hugo; Shi, Anbin (eds.), "From the outside in: CCTV going global in a new world communication order", China's Media Go Global (1 ed.), Routledge, pp. 67–78, doi:10.4324/9781315619668-5, ISBN 978-1-315-61966-8, archived from the original on 2021-04-30, retrieved 2021-04-08
  9. ^ Seitz, Amanda; Tucker, Eric; Catalini, Mike (March 29, 2022). "How China's TikTok, Facebook influencers push propaganda". Associated Press. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  10. ^ Lim, Louisa; Bergin, Julia (2018-12-07). "Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
  11. ^ Fearon, Thomas; Rodrigues, Usha M. (2019-07-31). "The dichotomy of China Global Television Network's news coverage". Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa. 25 (1&2): 102–121. doi:10.24135/pjr.v25i1.404. ISSN 2324-2035. Archived from the original on 2021-02-02. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
  12. ^ Palmer, James (October 1, 2018). "China's Global Propaganda Is Aimed at Bosses, Not Foreigners". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on January 8, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d e Yip, Hilton (April 23, 2018). "China's $6 Billion Propaganda Blitz Is a Snooze". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  14. ^ a b O’Keeffe, Kate; Viswanatha, Aruna (2018-09-18). "Justice Department Has Ordered Key Chinese State Media Firms to Register as Foreign Agents". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
  15. ^ a b c Split from CCTV-E&F.
  16. ^ McCarthy, Simone (2019-09-24). "Chinese broadcaster CGTN's Hong Kong protests coverage probed by UK watchdog". Archived from the original on 2020-01-27. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  17. ^ Waterson, Jim (2020-05-26). "Chinese state TV broke Ofcom rules with biased Hong Kong coverage". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  18. ^ "State-run CGTN faces sanctions from UK media regulator over coverage of Hong Kong protests". Hong Kong Free Press. May 27, 2020. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  19. ^ Nuttall, Jeremy (June 10, 2020). "China broadcast my forced confession in Canada — and CRTC does nothing: ex-prisoner". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  20. ^ Handley, Erin (2020-01-17). "Print Email Facebook Twitter More Safe and sound? China launches propaganda blitz to discredit Uyghur #StillNoInfo campaign". ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  21. ^ Varrall, Merridan (January 16, 2020). "Behind the News: Inside China Global Television Network". Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  22. ^ Twigg, Krassi; Allen, Kerry (2021-03-12). "The disinformation tactics used by China". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  23. ^ a b "China's Programming for U.S. Audiences: Is it News or Propaganda?". PBS NewsHour. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  24. ^ Nilsson, Patricia (18 September 2019). "Former Ofcom director quits Chinese state broadcaster". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2020-08-23. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  25. ^ Yan, Sophia (11 July 2019). "Chinese state broadcaster hires former Ofcom director amid investigation". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  26. ^ Waterson, Jim (2019-09-23). "Ofcom investigates CGTN over coverage of Hong Kong protests". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  27. ^ "Ofcom fines Chinese state broadcaster CGTN £225,000 for biased Hong Kong protest coverage and airing forced confession". Press Gazette. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  28. ^ "Chinese state TV broke Ofcom rules with biased Hong Kong coverage". The Guardian. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  29. ^ "China Central Television: A Long-standing Weapon in Beijing's Arsenal of Repression". The Diplomat. September 2019. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  30. ^ Allen, Kerry; Williams, Sophie (2021-07-10). "The foreigners in China's disinformation drive". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2021-09-08. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  31. ^ Moghazy, Azza (October 1, 2021). "Arabophone Chinese influencer divides public opinion in Egypt". Global Voices. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  32. ^ "China state TV 'confession': Peter Humphrey & Yu Yingzeng". YouTube. 2016-02-07. Archived from the original on 2019-06-04. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  33. ^ a b "'I was locked inside a steel cage': Peter Humphrey on his life inside a Chinese prison". Financial Times. 2019-11-30. Archived from the original on 2020-03-08. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  34. ^ Yan, Sophia (2020-07-05). "China's state television channel severely violated British broadcasting rules". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  35. ^ Nilsson, Patricia (2019-11-28). "Hong Kong 'torture' victim files Ofcom complaint against CGTN". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2020-08-23. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  36. ^ "Chinese state broadcaster CGTN fined £225,000 by UK regulator". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2021-05-22. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
  37. ^ Davidson, Helen (2020-09-08). "Cheng Lei: China says Australian news anchor was arrested on national security grounds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2021-01-02. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  38. ^ "Cheng Lei: Why has an Australian TV anchor been detained by China?". BBC News. 2020-09-08. Archived from the original on 2020-12-30. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  39. ^ Senator the Hon Marise Payne. "Statement on Cheng Lei". Minister for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  40. ^ Wong, Edward; Rosenberg, Matthew; Barnes, Julian E. (2020-04-22). "Chinese Agents Helped Spread Messages That Sowed Virus Panic in U.S., Officials Say". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  41. ^ "EEAS Special Report Update: Short Assessment of Narratives and Disinformation Around the COVID-19 Pandemic (Update December 2020 - April 2021)". EUvsDisinfo. European External Action Service. 2021-04-28. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  42. ^ Emmott, Robin (April 28, 2021). "Russia, China sow disinformation to undermine trust in Western vaccines, EU report says". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  43. ^ Guibert, Nathalie (2021-03-31). "Controverse autour d'un article de propagande de la télévision d'Etat chinoise sur les Ouïgours". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 2021-03-31. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  44. ^ Falletti, Sébastien (2021-02-04). "Les confidences de la plume mystère au service de la Chine". Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 2021-04-05. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  45. ^ "Israel accuses Chinese state TV of 'blatant antisemitism'". Associated Press. May 19, 2021. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  46. ^ "Israel accuses China state TV of 'blatant anti-Semitism'". France 24. Agence France-Presse. May 19, 2021. Archived from the original on May 23, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  47. ^ "Israeli embassy in China blasts state TV broadcaster for 'blatant anti-Semitism'". Times of Israel. May 21, 2021. Archived from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  48. ^ "Peng Shuai: Doubt cast on email from Chinese tennis star". BBC News. 2021-11-17. Archived from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  49. ^ Griffiths, James (2021-11-17). "Tennis association demands proof missing Chinese tennis star is safe after state media publishes alleged letter". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 2021-11-18. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  50. ^ Gold, Ashley (2022-03-09). "China's state media buys Meta ads pushing Russia's line on war". Axios. Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
  51. ^ Wen Liu, Tracy (March 23, 2022). "Chinese State Media Is Pushing Pro-Russian Misinformation Worldwide". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  52. ^ Rising, David (March 11, 2022). "China amplifies unsupported Russian claim of Ukraine biolabs". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 11, 2022. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  53. ^ Mozur, Paul; Myers, Steven Lee; Liu, John (2022-04-11). "China's Echoes of Russia's Alternate Reality Intensify Around the World". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  54. ^ "Chinese State Media Giant CGTN Registers as Foreign Agent in U.S." Wall Street Journal. 2019-02-05. Archived from the original on 2020-04-04. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  55. ^ Jakes, Lara; Myers, Steven Lee (2020-02-18). "U.S. Designates China's Official Media as Operatives of the Communist State". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-03-24. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  56. ^ Wong, Edward (2020-06-22). "U.S. Designates Four More Chinese News Organizations as Foreign Missions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  57. ^ a b c Mathers, Matt (4 February 2021). "Chinese state-owned TV network CGTN has UK licence revoked by Ofcom". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  58. ^ Chappell, Bill (4 February 2021). "U.K. Strips Chinese Broadcaster's License, Citing Communist Party Ties". NPR. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  59. ^ "Ofcom revokes CGTN's licence to broadcast in the UK". Ofcom (Press release). 4 February 2021. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  60. ^ Wang, Philip; Hallam, Jonny (14 February 2021) [11 February 2021]. "BBC News banned in China, one week after CGTN's license withdrawn in UK". CNN Business. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  61. ^ Nilsson, Patricia (2021-04-09). "Chinese state broadcaster regains right to broadcast in the UK". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2021-04-09. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  62. ^ Meaker, Morgan; Johnston, Chris (2021-08-26). "Ofcom fines Chinese broadcaster for 'serious breaches'". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  63. ^ Woods, Ben (23 August 2021). "How China's propaganda station CGTN made a surprise return to British screens". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  64. ^ "SBS suspends Chinese-sourced news programming after receiving human rights complaint". SBS News. 2021-03-05. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  65. ^ Lo, Tracy (7 March 2021). "CGTN says it did not authorize SBS to broadcast its English programmes (CGTN稱未授權SBS轉播其英文節目)". SBS (Cantonese). Retrieved 6 June 2022.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Global_Television_Network&oldid=1091878386"