梅
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Translingual[edit]
Japanese | 梅 |
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Simplified | 梅 |
Traditional | 梅 |
Alternative forms[edit]
In Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts, the right side component is written 每 (contains 母 with 2 dots). In Japanese shinjitai, the component is simplified to 毎 (contains 毋 with a single middle stroke). Due to Han unification, both characters (梅/梅) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA44) exists for the kyūjitai form of 梅.
Han character[edit]
梅 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7 in Chinese, 木+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 木人田卜 (DOWY), four-corner 48957, composition ⿰木每(GHTKV) or ⿰木毎(J))
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 528, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14795
- Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 13
- Unihan data for U+6885
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
梅 | |
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alternative forms | 楳 槑 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Old Chinese | |
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脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
呣 | *mɯ |
拇 | *mɯʔ |
母 | *mɯʔ |
胟 | *mɯʔ |
姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
畮 | *mɯʔ |
踇 | *mɯʔ |
苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
毋 | *ma |
梅 | *mɯː |
酶 | *mɯː |
鋂 | *mɯː |
每 | *mɯːʔ |
毎 | *mɯːs |
痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
晦 | *hmɯːs |
誨 | *hmɯːs |
悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
霉 | *mrɯl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mɯː): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).
Etymology[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
梅
- Prunus mume (Chinese plum or Japanese apricot)
- (in compounds) A plant sharing similarities with Prunus mume in habit, flowers or fruits
- (obsolete) Alternative name for 楠 (nán, “Machilus nanmu”).
- Short for 梅雨 (méiyǔ).
- Short for 梅州 (Méizhōu).
- A surname.
Descendants[edit]
Others:
Compounds[edit]
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References[edit]
- “梅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
梅 | |
梅 |
Kanji[edit]
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 梅)
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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梅 |
うめ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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梅 (kyūjitai) 楳 |
⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → ⟨ume2⟩ → */uməɨ/ → /ume/
From Old Japanese.[1][2][3]
Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC muʌi),[2][3] with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period,[1][3] with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for 馬 (ma → *mma → muma → uma, “horse”), from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC mˠaX).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
- a white plum blossom, as opposed to 紅梅 (kōbai, “red plum blossom”)
- Synonym: 白梅 (hakubai)
- the lowest of a three-level rank system
- a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with varying designs of plum blossoms
- Short for 梅襲 (ume-gasane): a style of layering garments with dark crimson on the front and light crimson on the back
- (card games) the suit of plum blossoms in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of February
- (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)
Usage notes[edit]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウメ.
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.
Derived terms[edit]
- 梅が枝 (ume ga e)
- 梅返し (umegaeshi)
- 梅笠草 (umegasasō)
- 梅襲 (ume-gasane)
- 梅暦 (ume-goyomi)
- 梅崎 (Umezaki)
- 梅沢 (Umezawa)
- 梅酒 (umeshu, “plum wine”)
- 梅醬油 (ume shōyu)
- 梅酢 (umezu)
- 梅助 (umesuke)
- 梅染め (umezome)
- 梅園 (umezono)
- 梅田 (Umeda)
- 梅津 (Umezu)
- 梅つ五月 (ume tsu satsuki)
- 梅辻 (Umetsuji)
- 梅壺 (umetsubo)
- 梅根 (Umene)
- 梅鉢 (umebachi)
- 梅春 (umeharu)
- 梅醬 (umebishio)
- 梅干し (umeboshi)
- 梅見 (umemi)
- 梅結び (umemusubi)
- 梅擬 (umemodoki)
- 梅谷渋 (umeyashibu)
- 梅羊羹 (ume yōkan)
- 梅割り (umewari)
- 青梅 (aoume)
- 杏子梅 (anzu ume)
- 庵の梅 (Iori no Ume)
- 岩梅 (iwaume)
- 裏梅 (uraume)
- 箙の梅 (Ebira no Ume)
- 青梅 (Ōme)
- 唐梅 (karaume)
- 甲州梅 (kōshū ume)
- 小梅 (koume)
- 氷梅 (kōriume)
- 零れ梅 (koboreume)
- 枝垂れ梅 (shidareume)
- 白梅 (shiraume)
- 袖の梅 (Sode-no-ume)
- 漬梅, 漬け梅 (tsukeume)
- 天梅 (ten no ume)
- 飛び梅 (tobiume)
- 冬至梅 (tōji ume)
- 夏梅 (natsuume)
- 煮梅 (niume)
- 捩じ梅 (nejiume)
- 熨梅 (noshiume)
- 一重梅 (hitoe ume)
- 燻べ梅 (fusubeume)
- 豊後梅 (Bungo ume)
- 干し梅 (hoshiume)
- 実梅 (miume)
- 梅桃 (yusuraume)
Proverbs[edit]
- 桜切る馬鹿梅切らぬ馬鹿 (sakura kiru baka ume kiranu baka)
Coordinate terms[edit]
- 松竹梅 (shōchikubai, three-level ranking system): 松 (matsu, “pine”, the top rank), 竹 (take, “bamboo”, the middle rank), 梅 (ume, “plum”, the lowest rank)
Descendants[edit]
- English: ume
See also[edit]
- 李, 酸桃 (sumomo, “Prunus salicina”)
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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梅 |
むめ Grade: 4 |
Irregular |
Alternative spelling |
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梅 (kyūjitai) |
⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → /mume/
Possibly from Old Japanese [Term?].
This reading becomes common during the Heian period,[1][3] later falling into disuse.
Superseded by the ume reading above.
Noun[edit]
- (archaic, obsolete) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.
Derived terms[edit]
- 唐梅 (karamume)
Descendants[edit]
- → Translingual: mume
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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梅 |
ばい Grade: 4 |
kan’on |
Alternative spelling |
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梅 (kyūjitai) |
From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 梅 (MC muʌi).
Noun[edit]
- (usually in Chinese contexts) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
- (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)
Affix[edit]
- plum
- Short for 梅雨 (baiu): East Asian rainy season
- Short for 梅毒 (baidoku): syphilis
Derived terms[edit]
- 梅雨 (baiu)
- 梅園 (baien)
- 梅花 (baika)
- 梅果 (baika)
- 梅蕙草 (baikeisō)
- 梅子 (baishi)
- 梅天 (baiten)
- 梅毒 (baidoku)
- 梅肉 (bainiku)
- 梅林 (bairin)
- 梅霖 (bairin)
- 梅瓶 (meipin)
- 塩梅 (anbai)
- 烏梅 (ubai)
- 塩梅 (enbai)
- 鶯宿梅 (ōshukubai)
- 黄梅 (ōbai, “Jasminum nudiflorum”)
- 臥竜梅 (garyōbai)
- 寒梅 (kanbai)
- 観梅 (kanbai, “plum blossom viewing”)
- 甘露梅 (kanrobai)
- 金糸梅 (kinshibai)
- 金梅 (kinbai)
- 金露梅 (kinrōbai)
- 駆梅 (kubai)
- 検梅 (kenbai)
- 紅梅 (kōbai)
- 黄梅 (kōbai)
- 車輪梅 (sharinbai)
- 松竹梅 (shōchikubai)
- 早梅 (sōbai)
- 探梅 (tanbai)
- 茶梅 (chabai, Chinese name for camellia)
- 入梅 (nyūbai)
- 白梅 (hakubai)
- 盆梅 (bonbai, “plum bonsai”)
- 野梅 (yabai)
- 楊梅 (yōbai)
- 落梅 (rakubai)
- 利休梅 (Rikyū-bai, “Exochorda racemosa”)
- 老梅 (rōbai)
- 﨟梅, 蠟梅, 臘梅 (rōbai)
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 梅 (MC muʌi). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄆᆡ (Yale: moy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
梅 (eumhun 매화나무 매 (maehwanamu mae))
- Hanja form? of 매 (“Prunus mume, a fruit tree”).
- Hanja form? of 매 (“plum blossom, a blossom of this tree”).
- Hanja form? of 매 (“a Korean surname”).
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Possibly a shift from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC muʌi).[1][2]
Noun[edit]
梅 (ume2) (kana うめ)
- the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
Usage notes[edit]
Also used phonetically as 借音 (shakuon) for ⟨me2⟩.
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
Compounds[edit]
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