estar
Aragonese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”).
Verb[edit]
estar
- to be
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”). Compare Occitan estar and Old French ester.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
estar (first-person singular present estic, past participle estat)
- (transitive, copulative) to be; to currently be in a state or have a characteristic (Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes a temporary state of being.)
- Estic cansada. ― I am tired.
- (auxiliary) Used to form the continuous aspect, together with a present participle.
- Ja està dormint. ― He is already sleeping.
- (intransitive, +adverbial phrase) To be located (to be in a place)
- La Torre Eiffel està a París. ― The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
Usage notes[edit]
This is one of two verbs that can be translated as to be, the other being ser/ésser. Ser/ésser indicates something that is inherent and not expected to change, whereas estar describes temporary qualities that apply only at a particular time. Ser/ésser relates to estar as essence relates to state, etymologically as well as semantically.
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | estar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | estant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | estat | estada | |||||
plural | estats | estades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | estic | estàs | està | estem | esteu | estan | |
imperfect | estava | estaves | estava | estàvem | estàveu | estaven | |
future | estaré | estaràs | estarà | estarem | estareu | estaran | |
preterite | estiguí | estigueres | estigué | estiguérem | estiguéreu | estigueren | |
conditional | estaria | estaries | estaria | estaríem | estaríeu | estarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | estigui | estiguis | estigui | estiguem | estigueu | estiguin | |
imperfect | estigués | estiguessis | estigués | estiguéssim | estiguéssiu | estiguessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
— | estigues | estigui | estiguem | estigueu | estiguin |
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “estar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “estar” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “estar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “estar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Portuguese estar, from Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”)
Verb[edit]
estar (first-person singular present estou, first-person singular preterite estiven, past participle estado)
- to be
Usage notes[edit]
Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”. The verb ser relates to essence, origin, or physical description. In contrast, the verb estar relates to current state or position.
Conjugation[edit]
See also[edit]
Ladino[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”).
Verb[edit]
estar (Latin spelling)
Old Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
·estar
Mutation[edit]
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
·estar | unchanged | ·n-estar |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Portuguese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
estar
- to be
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | estar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | estando | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | — | — | |||||
feminine | — | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |
present | estou | estás | está | estamos | estades | estan | |
imperfect | estava | estavas | estava | estavamos | estavades | estavan estavon | |
preterite | *estede esteve estive estivi |
*estedeste *estodeste esteveste *estoveste |
estede *estedo esteve estevo |
*estedemos *estodemos estevemos estovemos |
*estedestes *estodestes esteveste *estoveste |
estederon *estoderon esteveron estoveron | |
pluperfect | *estedera *estodera estevera *estovera |
*estederas *estoderas *esteveras *estoveras |
estedera *estodera estevera *estovera |
*estederamos *estoderamos esteveramos *estoveramos |
*estederades *estoderades esteverades *estoverades |
estederan *estoderan *esteveran estoveran | |
future | estarei | estarás | estará | estaremos | estaredes | estarán | |
conditional | estaria | estarias | estaria | estariamos | *estariades | estarian | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |
present | estê | estês | estê estía estea |
estemos | estedes | esten | |
preterite | *estedesse *estodesse estevesse estovesse |
*estedesses *estodesses estevesses *estovesses |
estedesse *estodesse estevesse estovesse |
*estedéssemos *estodéssemos estevéssemos estovéssemos |
*estedéssedes *estodéssedes estevéssedes *estovéssedes |
estedessen *estodessen estevessen estovessen | |
future | *esteder *estoder estever *estover |
*estederes *estoderes esteveres *estoveres |
esteder *estoder estever estover |
*estedermos *estodermos estevermos estovermos |
*estederdes *estoderdes esteverdes *estoverdes |
estederen *estoderen esteveren *estoveren | |
imperative | — | tu | vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
— | |
affirmative | — | está | estê *estía *estea |
estemos | estade | — | |
negative | — | estês | estê *estía *estea |
estemos | estedes | — | |
personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |
estar | estares | estar | estarmos | estardes | estaren |
Descendants[edit]
Portuguese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Portuguese estar, from Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
estar (first-person singular present indicative estou, past participle estado)
- (transitive with em or another locational preposition) to be (indicates location in space)
- Onde estás? ― Where are you?
- Estou em casa. ― I am at home.
- (copulative) to be (denotes a transient quality; a quality expected to change)
- O tempo estava frio. ― The weather was cold (at that moment).
- Estás louco? ― Are you crazy (right now)?
- A maçã está madura. ― The apple is ripe.
- (auxiliary with a and a verb in the infinitive (Portugal) or with the gerund (Brazil)) to be (forms the progressive aspect)
- Ela está cantando? / Ela está a cantar? ― Is she singing?
- Estavam trabalhando muito. ― They were working a lot.
- Estávamos a ler muito. ― We had been reading a lot.
- Estaremos a ler livros. ― We will be reading books.
- (transitive) to cost (to be worth a certain amount of money), especially of something whose price changes often.
- Synonym: custar
- O quilo de maçã está a dois euros.
- A kilogram of apples costs two euros.
- to look (to give an appearance of being)
- Você está bonita.
- You look pretty.
- to stand
- Aqui estou.
- Here I stand.
Usage notes[edit]
- See ser.
Conjugation[edit]
Quotations[edit]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:estar.
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Spanish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- tar (Chile, nonstandard)
Etymology[edit]
From Latin stāre (“stand”), present active infinitive of stō (“stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (compare English stand). Cognate with English state, French être, Greek στέω (stéo), Italian stare, Portuguese estar, Serbo-Croatian stan, and Romanian sta.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
estar (first-person singular present estoy, first-person singular preterite estuve, past participle estado)
- to be (have a (transient) location in space). Compare ser, quedar.
- ¿Dónde estás? ― Where are you?
- Estoy en casa. ― I am at home.
- to be (Denotes a copula, in a transient fashion). Compare ser.
- El tiempo estaba frío. ― The weather was cold [back then].
- ¿Estás feliz? ― Are you happy [right now]?
- to be (Auxiliary verb for the progressive/continuous aspect) (precedes the gerund of the verb)
- Ella está cantando. ― She is singing.
- to be (in the passive voice sense)
- Los vasos están rotos.
- The vases are broken. (In passive voice with estar, unlike haber, its past participle agrees with number and gender of the subject)
- (reflexive) to be, feel (Denotes a copula, in a transient fashion)
Usage notes[edit]
- See ser.
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | estar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | estando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | estado | estada | |||||
plural | estados | estadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | estoy | estás | está | estamos | estáis | están | |
imperfect | estaba | estabas | estaba | estábamos | estabais | estaban | |
preterite | estuve | estuviste | estuvo | estuvimos | estuvisteis | estuvieron | |
future | estaré | estarás | estará | estaremos | estaréis | estarán | |
conditional | estaría | estarías | estaría | estaríamos | estaríais | estarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | esté | estés | esté | estemos | estéis | estén | |
imperfect (ra) |
estuviera | estuvieras | estuviera | estuviéramos | estuvierais | estuvieran | |
imperfect (se) |
estuviese | estuvieses | estuviese | estuviésemos | estuvieseis | estuviesen | |
future1 | estuviere | estuvieres | estuviere | estuviéremos | estuviereis | estuvieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | está | esté | estemos | estad | estén | ||
negative | no estés | no esté | no estemos | no estéis | no estén |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- → Hiligaynon: istar
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “estar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
- Aragonese terms inherited from Latin
- Aragonese terms derived from Latin
- Aragonese lemmas
- Aragonese verbs
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan 2-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)/2 syllables
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan transitive verbs
- Catalan copulative verbs
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Catalan auxiliary verbs
- Catalan intransitive verbs
- Catalan irregular first conjugation verbs
- Galician terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician irregular verbs
- Ladino terms inherited from Latin
- Ladino terms derived from Latin
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino verbs
- Ladino verbs in Latin script
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish verb forms
- Old Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Old Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Old Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Portuguese lemmas
- Old Portuguese verbs
- Old Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese irregular verbs
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese copulative verbs
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio links
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish irregular verbs
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish reflexive verbs