Flickr

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Flickr
Flickr wordmark.svg
Flickr screenshot.png
A viewing page for a photograph hosted on Flickr in 2018
Type of site
Image/Video hosting service
Available in
FoundedVancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2004
Headquarters
San Francisco, California
,
U.S.[1]
Created byStewart Butterfield
Caterina Fake
ParentLudicorp (2004–2005)
Yahoo! Inc. (2005–2017)
Oath (2017–2018)
SmugMug (2018–present)
URLflickr.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationYes
Users112 million[2]
LaunchedFebruary 10, 2004; 17 years ago (2004-02-10)[3]
Current statusActive
Written inPHP/Java/JavaScript

Flickr (pronounced "flicker") audio speaker iconpronunciation (help·info)) is an American image hosting and video hosting service, as well as an online community, founded in Canada and headquartered in the United States. It was created by Ludicorp in 2004 and is a popular way for amateur and professional photographers to host high-resolution photos.[4][5] It has changed ownership several times and has been owned by SmugMug since April 20, 2018.[6]

As of June 10, 2015, Flickr has a total of 112 million registered members and more than 3.5 million new images uploaded daily.[7][8] On August 5, 2011, the site reported that it was hosting more than 6 billion images.[9] Photos and videos can be accessed from Flickr without the need to register an account, but an account must be made to upload content to the site. Registering an account also allows users to create a profile page containing photos and videos that the user has uploaded and also grants the ability to add another Flickr user as a contact. For mobile users, Flickr has official mobile apps for iOS,[10] Android,[11] and an optimized mobile site.[12]

History[edit]

Flickr was launched on February 10, 2004 by Ludicorp, a Vancouver-based company founded by Stewart Butterfield and Caterina Fake. The service emerged from tools originally created for Ludicorp's Game Neverending, a web-based massively multiplayer online game. Flickr proved a more feasible project, and ultimately Game Neverending was shelved,[13] Butterfield later launched a similar online game, Glitch, which was shut down on November 14, 2012.[14][15]

Early versions of Flickr focused on a chat room called FlickrLive, with real-time photo exchange capabilities.[16] The successive evolutions focused more on the uploading and filing back-end for individual users and the chat room was buried in the site map. It was eventually dropped as Flickr's back-end systems evolved away from Game Neverending's codebase.[17] Key features of Flickr not initially present are tags, marking photos as favorites, group photo pools and interestingness, for which a patent is pending.[18]

In addition to being a popular website for users to share and embed personal photographs and an online community, in 2004, the service was widely used by photo researchers and by bloggers to host images that they embed in blogs and social media.[19]

Yahoo! acquired Ludicorp and Flickr on March 20, 2005. The acquisition reportedly cost $22 million to $25 million.[20] During the week of June 26, 2005 to July 2, 2005, all content was migrated from servers in Canada to servers in the United States, and all resulting data become subject to United States federal law.[21] On May 3, 2007, Yahoo! announced that Yahoo! Photos would close down on September 20, 2007, after which all photos would be deleted; users were encouraged to migrate to Flickr.[22] On January 31, 2007, Flickr announced that "Old Skool" members (those who had joined before the Yahoo! acquisition) would be required to associate their account with a Yahoo! identity by March 15, 2007 to continue using the service.[23] This move was criticized by some users.[24]

Flickr upgraded its services from "beta" to "gamma" status on May 16, 2006, the changes attracted positive attention from Lifehacker.[25] On December 13, 2006, upload limits on free accounts were increased to 100 MB a month (from 20 MB) and were removed from Flickr Pro accounts, which originally had a 2 GB per month limit.[26] On April 9, 2008, Flickr began allowing paid subscribers to upload videos, limited to 90 seconds in length and 150 MB in size. On March 2, 2009, Flickr added the facility to upload and view HD videos, and began allowing free users to upload normal-resolution video. At the same time, the set limit for free accounts was lifted.[27] In 2009, Flickr announced a partnership with Getty Images in which selected users could submit photographs for stock photography usage and receive payment. On June 16, 2010, this was changed so that users could label images as suitable for stock use themselves.[28]

Graph of Flickr public uploads, which peaked in 2013–2015 before the launch of Google Photos

On May 20, 2013, Flickr launched the first stage of a major site redesign, introducing a "Justified View" close-spaced photo layout[29] browsed via "infinite scrolling" and adding new features, including one terabyte of free storage for all users, a scrolling home page (mainly of contacts photos and comments) and updated Android app.[30][31] The Justified View is paginated between 72 and 360 photos per page but unpaginated in search result presentation. Tech Radar described the new style Flickr as representing a "sea change" in its purpose.[32] Many users criticized the changes, and the site's help forum received thousands of negative comments.[33] On March 25, 2014, Flickr's New Photo Experience, a user interface redesign, left beta.[34]

On May 7, 2015, Yahoo! overhauled the site, adding a revamped Camera Roll, a new way to upload photos and upgraded the site's apps. The new Uploadr application was made available for Macs, Windows and mobile devices.[35]

In early May 2019, SmugMug announced the migration of Flickr data - 100+ million accounts and billions of photos and videos - from former owner Yahoo's servers to Amazon Web Services (AWS) in a planned 12-hour transition on May 22, 2019.[36]

Corporate changes[edit]

On June 13, 2008, Flickr co-founder Stewart Butterfield announced his resignation on July 12, 2008, which followed that of his wife and co-founder Caterina Fake, who left the company on the same day.[37] Butterfield wrote a humorous resignation letter to Brad Garlinghouse.[38]

On December 14, 2008, The Guardian reported that three employees had been laid off as Yahoo! continued to reduce its workforce,[39] and on November 30, 2010, CNET reported Yahoo! was on the verge of a major layoff affecting 10% to 20% of its workforce. Flickr was specifically named as a target for these layoffs.[40]

On June 13, 2017, Verizon Communications acquired Yahoo!, including Flickr.[41][42] Verizon reorganized Yahoo!, along with AOL, into a new umbrella company, Oath, which was renamed as Verizon Media on January 8, 2019.

On April 20, 2018, SmugMug acquired Flickr from Verizon's Oath and put an end to Flickr 1TB storage plan for free users, these users had until February 5, 2019 to convert to 'Pro' accounts or their photo streams would be reduced to a maximum of 1000 pictures.[6][43] The deadline was later extended to March 12, 2019. The reasons cited were that the existing model was unsustainable by a medium-sized company which could not get revenues by selling profiles of the users. The sentiment was generally agreed on among the professionals.[44]

Features[edit]

Accounts[edit]

Flickr has always offered two types of accounts: Free and Pro. Until January 7, 2019, free accounts had up to 1 TB of storage. On January 8, 2019, the account offerings changed.[45] The free option is limited to 1000 photos or videos stored, with videos limited to 3 minutes. After January 8, 2019, members over the limit could no longer be able to upload new photos to Flickr. On February 5, 2019, a free account's older content would be deleted automatically if it contains more than 1,000 photos and they do not subscribe to Pro,[46] with the exception of content that was already uploaded with a Creative Commons license before November 1, 2018.[47]

The Pro option features "unlimited" storage, advanced statistics, advertising-free browsing, videos up to 10 minutes in length, "premier" customer service, and promotional offers with other partners.[48]

In May 2011, Flickr added an option to easily reverse an account termination, motivated by the accidental deletion of a Flickr user's account, and public reporting of its protracted restoration.[49] Flickr may delete accounts without giving any reason or warning to the account's owner.[50]

As a result of the SmugMug buyout, Flickr added the ability for users to download all of their account data, such as photo albums, contacts, and comments.[51]

Organization[edit]

The images a photographer uploads to Flickr go into their sequential "photostream", the basis of a Flickr account. All photostreams can be displayed as a justified view, a slide show, a "detail" view or a datestamped archive. Clicking on a photostream image opens it in the interactive "photopage" alongside data, comments and facilities for embedding images on external sites.

Users may label their uploaded images with titles and descriptions, and images may be tagged, either by the uploader or by other users, if the uploader permits it. These text components enable computer searching of Flickr. Flickr was an early website to implement tag clouds, which were used until 2013, providing access to images tagged with the most popular keywords. Tagging was further revised in the photopage redesign of March 2014. Flickr has been cited as a prime example of effective use of folksonomy.[52]

Users can organize their Flickr photos into "albums" (formerly "sets") which are more flexible than the traditional folder-based method of organizing files, as one photo can belong to one album, many albums, or none at all. Flickr provides code to embed albums into blogs, websites and forums. Flickr albums represent a form of categorical metadata rather than a physical hierarchy. Geotagging can be applied to photos in albums,[53] and any albums with geotagging can be related to a map using imapflickr. The resulting map can be embedded in a website.[54] Flickr albums may be organized into "collections", which can themselves be further organized into higher-order collections.

Organizr is a Web application for organizing photos within a Flickr account that can be accessed through the Flickr interface. It allows users to modify tags, descriptions and set groupings, and to place photos on a world map (a feature provided in conjunction with Yahoo! Maps). It uses Ajax to emulate the look, feel and quick functionality of desktop-based photo-management applications, such as Google's Picasa and F-Spot. Users can select and apply changes to multiple photos at a time, as an alternative to the standard Flickr interface for editing.

Access control[edit]

Flickr provides both private and public image storage. A user uploading an image can set privacy controls that determine who can view the image. A photo can be flagged as either public or private.[55] Private images are visible by default only to the uploader, but they can also be marked as viewable by friends and/or family. Privacy settings also can be decided by adding photographs from a user's photostream to a "group pool". If a group is private all the members of that group can see the photo. If a group is public the photo becomes public as well. Flickr also provides a "contact list" which can be used to control image access for a specific set of users in a way similar to that of LiveJournal. In November 2006, Flickr created a "guest pass" system that allows private photos to be shared with non-Flickr members. This setting allows sets or all photos under a certain privacy category (friends or family) to be shared.[56] Many members allow their photos to be viewed by anyone, forming a large collaborative database of categorized photos. By default, other members can leave comments about any image they have permission to view and, in many cases, can add to the list of tags associated with an image.

Interaction and compatibility[edit]

The core functionality of the site relies on standard HTML and HTTP features, allowing for wide compatibility among platforms and browsers; Flickr's functionality includes RSS and Atom feeds and an API that enables independent programmers to expand its services. This includes a large number of third-party Greasemonkey scripts that enhance and extend the functionality of Flickr. In 2006, Flickr was the second most extended site on userscripts.org.[57] Organizr and most of Flickr's other text-editing and tagging interfaces use Ajax, with which most modern browsers are compliant. Images can be posted to the user's photostream via email attachments, which enables direct uploads from many cameraphones and applications. Flickr uses the Geo microformat on over 3 million geotagged images.[58]

According to the company, as of August 2009 Flickr is hosted on 62 databases across 124 servers, with about 800,000 user accounts per pair of servers.[59] Based on information compiled by highscalability.com, as of November 2007 the MySQL databases are hosted on servers that are Linux-based (from Red Hat), with a software platform that includes Apache, PHP (with PEAR and Smarty), shards, Memcached, Squid, Perl, ImageMagick and Java; the system administration tools include Ganglia, SystemImager, Subcon and CVSup.[60]

Signed-in Flickr users can "Follow" the Photostreams of other Flickr photographers. Reciprocating this process is optional. A user's homepage contains a stream of their Contacts' photos at 2/3 screensize.[61]

Groups are another major means of interaction with fellow members of Flickr around common photography interests. A Flickr Group can be started by any Flickr user, who becomes its administrator and can appoint moderators. Groups may either be open access or invitation-only, and most have an associated pool of photos. The administrator of the Flickr group can monitor and set restrictions for the group, assign awards to members, and may curate and organize the photo content. Recent uploads to a group will sometimes appear on its members' homepages. Group photo pools may be displayed in the "Justified View" or as a slideshow.

"Galleries" of photos from other photostreams may be curated by any signed-up Flickr user, provided the feature is not disabled by the photo's uploader, these are then publicly viewable.[61]

Any Flickr user can post comments to a Flickr photo on its photopage, unless this has been disabled by the uploader, and users can "favorite" a photo. A user's favorites can be viewed in a justified or slideshow display.[61]

Users of Windows Photo Gallery, Apple's iPhoto (version 8), Adobe's Lightroom 3.2, Apple's Aperture (version 3.0), darktable, and digiKam have the ability to upload their photos directly to Flickr. They can also automatically update their status on other social networking services when they upload their images to Flickr.[62] Flickr provides a desktop client for Mac OS X and Windows that allows users to upload photos without using the web interface. Uploadr allows drag-and-drop batch uploading of photos, the setting of tags and descriptions for each batch, and the editing of privacy settings.[63]

Flickr has entered into partnerships with many third parties. Flickr had a partnership with the Picnik online photo-editing application that included a reduced-feature version of Picnik built into Flickr as a default photo editor.[64] On April 5, 2012, Flickr replaced Picnik with Aviary as its default photo editor.[65] In addition to using commercial mapping data, Flickr now uses OpenStreetMap mapping for various cities; this began with Beijing during the run-up to the 2008 Olympic games. As of October 2008, this is used for Baghdad, Beijing, Kabul, Sydney and Tokyo.[66][67] OpenStreetMap data is collected by volunteers and is available under the Open Database License. Flickr offers printing of various forms of merchandise, including business cards, photo books, stationery, personalized credit cards and large-size prints from companies such as Moo, Blurb, Tiny Prints, Capital One, Imagekind, and QOOP. The Flickr partnership with Getty Images to sell stock photos from users is under review as of early 2014.[68][69]

Filtering[edit]

In March 2007, Flickr added new content filtering controls that let members specify by default what types of images they generally upload (photo, art/illustration, or screenshot) and how "safe" (i.e., unlikely to offend others) their images are, as well as specify that information for specific images individually.[70] Individual images are assigned to one of three categories: "safe", "moderate" and "restricted".[71] Users can specify the same criteria when searching for images. There are some restrictions on searches for certain types of users: non-members must always use SafeSearch, which omits images noted as potentially offensive, while members whose Yahoo! accounts indicate that they are underage may use SafeSearch or moderate SafeSearch, but cannot turn SafeSearch off completely. The system achieves a fairly good separation of family-friendly photos and adult content; generic image searches normally produce no pornographic results, with the visibility of adult content restricted to users and dedicated Flickr communities who have opted into viewing it.[71]

Flickr has used this filtering system to change the level of accessibility to "unsafe" content for entire nations, including South Korea, Hong Kong and Germany. In summer 2007, German users staged a "revolt" over being assigned the user rights of a minor. See Censorship below.

Licensing[edit]

Breakdown of Creative Commons license use on Flickr as of 2009[72]

Flickr offers users the ability to either release their images under certain common usage licenses or label them as "all rights reserved". The licensing options primarily include the Creative Commons 2.0 attribution-based and minor content-control licenses – although jurisdiction and version-specific licenses cannot be selected. As with "tags", the site allows easy searching of only those images that fall under a specific license.[73]

Several museums and archives post images released under a "no known restrictions" license, which was first made available on January 16, 2008. According to Flickr, the goal of the license is to "firstly show you hidden treasures in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and knowledge can help make these collections even richer." Participants include the National Museum of Denmark, Powerhouse Museum, George Eastman Museum, Library of Congress, Nationaal Archief, National Archives and Records Administration, National Library of Scotland, State Library of New South Wales, and Smithsonian Institution.[74][75]

In May 2009, White House official photographer Pete Souza began using Flickr as a conduit for releasing White House photos. The photos were initially posted with a Creative Commons Attribution license requiring that the original photographers be credited. Flickr later created a new license which identified them as "United States Government Work", which does not carry any copyright restrictions.[76]

In March 2015, Flickr added the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark and Creative Commons Zero (CC0) to its licensing options.[77] The Public Domain Mark is meant for images that are no longer protected by copyright. CC0 is used for works that are still protected by copyright or neighbouring rights, but where the rightsholders choose to waive all those rights.

Reception[edit]

Flickr became an immediate success and is seen as a successful example of "Web 2.0", and a year later was purchased by Yahoo!.[78][79] Initially the site was most popular with professional photographers and graphic designers as well as bloggers who used it as an image repository. In 2007, Flickr was the 19th most popular website on the Internet according to its Alexa Rank.[80] However, since then, its popularity has declined relative to social media platforms with photo sharing capabilities (such as Facebook and Instagram), as well as cloud file storage services (such as Dropbox).[81] By 2021, Flickr's Alexa Rank declined significantly, yet indicated that the website was still among the top 500 most popular websites globally.[82]

Controversies[edit]

Censorship[edit]

On June 12, 2007, in the wake of the rollout of localized language versions of the site, Flickr implemented a user-side rating system for filtering out potentially controversial photos. Simultaneously, users with accounts registered with Yahoo! subsidiaries in Germany, Singapore, Hong Kong and Korea were prevented from viewing photos rated "moderate" or "restricted" on the three-part scale used. Many Flickr users, particularly in Germany, protested against the new restrictions, claiming unwanted censorship from Flickr and Yahoo.[83]

Flickr management, unwilling to go into legal details, implied that the reason for the stringent filtering was some unusually strict age-verification laws in Germany. The issue received attention in the German national media, especially in online publications. Initial reports indicated that Flickr's action was a sensible, if unattractive, precaution against prosecution,[84] although later coverage implied that Flickr's action may have been unnecessarily strict.[85] On June 20, 2007, Flickr reacted by granting German users access to "moderate" (but not "restricted") images, and hinted at a future solution for Germany, involving advanced age-verification procedures.

Since June 1, 2009, Flickr has been blocked in China in advance of the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.[86]

Copyright enforcement[edit]

Michael Arrington of TechCrunch[87] and the Electronic Frontier Foundation[88] have criticised Flickr for its heavy-handed implementation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act (OCILLA). Under OCILLA, a service provider such as Flickr is obliged to delete or disable access to content as soon as they receive an official notice of infringement, to maintain protection from liability.[89] After having one of his own pictures taken down following an incorrect DMCA claim, British comedian Dave Gorman researched the issue and concluded that if the Flickr user was not based in the United States or they were, but the person filing the notice of infringement was not, Flickr deleted the disputed content immediately. Even if the user could successfully demonstrate that the content did not infringe upon any copyright, Flickr did not, according to Gorman, replace the deleted content. He argued that this was contrary to its obligations in responding to a counter-notice.[90] Shortly afterward, Flickr changed its policy.[91]

In 2019, Flickr added new theft detection tool options to certain users. Some subscribers will be provided "copy-protection tools that can detect if their images have been used without permission," the BBC reported in 2019, noting "Flickr Pro subscribers will be able to monitor up to 1,000 images and send automated copyright claims to people or companies that use their photos."[92]

Sale of Creative Commons-licensed photos[edit]

In November 2014, Flickr announced that it would sell wall-sized prints of photos from the service that are licensed under Creative Commons licenses allowing commercial use. Although its use of the photos in this manner is legal and allowed under the licenses, Flickr was criticized by users for what they perceived to be unfair exploitation of artists' works, as all the profits from these offerings go to Yahoo! and are not shared with their respective photographers, and users were not given a means of opting-out from the program without placing their photos under a more restrictive non-commercial license. By contrast, a similar opt-in program for "licensed" photos does give photographers a 51% share of sales. On December 19, 2014, Flickr General Manager Bernardo Hernandez announced they would pull all Creative Commons-licensed images from the program and issue refunds, stating that "Subsequently, we'll work closely with Creative Commons to come back with programs that align better with our community values."[93][94][95]

Deletion of files of non-paying users[edit]

On November 1, 2018, Flickr announced new restrictions for its users.[96]

  • On January 8, 2019, non-paying users are only able to upload up to 1000 files free of charge.
  • On March 12, 2019, deletion of the oldest files, determined by the upload date, has begun until the limit of 1000 files is met. The size of the individual files is not relevant. Alternatively, users can upgrade to Pro subscription for US$60 per year.[97]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Flickr Jobs". Flickr. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  2. ^ "Social Media Demographics for 2016". September 29, 2016.
  3. ^ "An Amazing 8 Years – Flickr Blog". Flickr. February 10, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  4. ^ Sandler, Rachel. "A small family-run firm bought Flickr from Verizon and says it can bring back its glory days". Business Insider.
  5. ^ "Flickr vs Imgur: Which is Best? – Best Image Hosting Scripts".
  6. ^ a b Guynn, Jessica (April 20, 2018). "Exclusive: Flickr Bought by SmugMug, Which Vows to Revitalize the Photo Service". USA Today. Gannett Company.
  7. ^ "Thank You, Flickr Community!". June 15, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
  8. ^ "Flickr Launches New Design and Features, Now Has 112M Members". May 7, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
  9. ^ Parfeni, Lucian (August 5, 2011). "Flickr Boasts 6 Billion Photo Uploads". Softpedia. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  10. ^ "Flickr for iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad on the iTunes App Store". iTunes. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  11. ^ "Official Flickr App for Android". Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  12. ^ "Help: Using Flickr on your phone". Flickr. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
  13. ^ Graham, Jefferson (February 27, 2006). "Flickr of Idea on a Gaming Project Led to Photo Website". USA Today. Retrieved September 4, 2006.
  14. ^ "A Flickr Founder's Glitch: Can A Game That Wants You To Play Nice Be A Blockbuster?". Fast Company. September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
  15. ^ Lunden, Ingrid (November 15, 2012). "As Flickr Co-Founder Butterfield Shuts Down Glitch, Is He Planning A New Photo Service? 'You Will Know It Well,' He Says". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  16. ^ Tynan, Dan (June 24, 2004). "Photo Sharing Gone Wild". PC World. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  17. ^ Garrett, Jesse James (August 4, 2005). "An Interview with Flickr's Eric Costello". Adaptive Path. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  18. ^ "US Patent Application 20060242139: Interestingness Ranking of Media Objects". Butterfield; Daniel S.; et al. October 26, 2006. Archived from the original on July 17, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2007.
  19. ^ Terdiman, Daniel (December 9, 2004). "Photo Site a Hit With Bloggers". Wired. Flickr enables users to post photos from nearly any camera phone or directly from a PC. It also allows users to post photos from their accounts or from their cameras to most widely used blog services. The result is that an increasing number of bloggers are regularly posting photos from their Flickr accounts.
  20. ^ Honan, Mat (August 7, 2014). "The Most Fascinating Profile You'll Ever Read About a Guy and His Boring Startup". Wired. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  21. ^ "Data Moving to U.S. Very Soon!". Flickr. June 10, 2005. Retrieved September 4, 2006.
  22. ^ Graham, Jefferson (May 3, 2007). "Yahoo Photos Going Dark as Flickr Shines On". USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2007.
  23. ^ "Yahoo IDs, Signing in and Screen Names". Flickr. Retrieved February 1, 2007.
  24. ^ "Flickr to Require Yahoo Usernames". BBC News. February 1, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
  25. ^ Pash, Adam (May 16, 2006). "Flickr Upgrades to Gamma". Lifehacker. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  26. ^ Cashmore, Pete (December 13, 2006). "Flickr Gifts and Unlimited Uploads". Mashable. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  27. ^ Lowensohn, Josh (March 2, 2009). "Flickr Video Goes HD, Tells Time". CNET. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  28. ^ Shiels, Maggie (June 17, 2010). "Getty Taps into Flickr Snappers". BBC News. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  29. ^ King, Phil (February 28, 2012). "Announcing the Justified View " Flickr Blog". Blog.flickr.net. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  30. ^ Crook, Jordan (May 20, 2013). "Flickr Gets A Huge Revamp With Hi-Res Image-Filled UI, New Android App and 1TB of Free Storage". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  31. ^ Tibken, Shara (May 20, 2013). "Yahoo Wants to Make Flickr 'Awesome Again'". CNET. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  32. ^ Marshall, Gary (May 21, 2013). "New Flickr: Has Yahoo Lost Its Mind?". TechRadar. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  33. ^ Shaw, Gillian (May 17, 2013). "Yahoo Acquires Tumblr, Announces Flickr Overhaul". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  34. ^ Esser, Felix (March 28, 2014). "Flickr's new 'photo experience' leaves beta, offers improved design, faster browsing". Digital Trends. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  35. ^ By Brett Molina, USA Today. "Yahoo unveils makeover for Flickr."
  36. ^ "Planned maintenance and Flickr downtime". Flickr Blog. May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
  37. ^ Arrington, Michael (June 17, 2008). "Flickr Co-founders Join Mass Exodus From Yahoo". TechCrunch. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  38. ^ Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (June 19, 2008). "'I don't need no fancy parties' says Flickr Founder in Resignation Letter". The Guardian. London. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  39. ^ Johnson, Bobbie (December 11, 2008). "Now Flickr Is Hit by Yahoo Layoffs". The Guardian. London. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  40. ^ McCarthy, Caroline (November 30, 2010). "Yahoo Said to Be Rolling Out Layoffs". CNET. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  41. ^ "Verizon completes Yahoo acquisition, creating a diverse house of 50+ brands under new Oath subsidiary" (Press release). PR Newswire. June 13, 2017.
  42. ^ "Verizon to Own Flickr via $4.8B Yahoo Acquisition". PetaPixel. July 25, 2016.
  43. ^ November 1; 2018November 1; 2018 (November 1, 2018). "Why we're changing Flickr free accounts". Flickr Blog. Retrieved January 19, 2019.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ Tiffany, Kaitlyn (February 6, 2019). "Flickr will soon start deleting photos — and massive chunks of internet history". Vox.
  45. ^ "Flickr to delete millions of photos as it reduces allowance for free users". The Guardian. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  46. ^ "Flickr will end 1TB of free storage and limit free users to 1,000 photos". The Verge. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  47. ^ "The Commons: The Past Is 100% Part of Our Future". blog.flickr.net/. November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
  48. ^ Gartenberg, Chaim (1 November 2018). "Flickr will end 1TB of free storage and limit free users to 1,000 photos". The Verge. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  49. ^ Shankland, Stephen (May 27, 2011). "Flickr Adds Account-Undelete Option". CNET. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  50. ^ Jeffries, Adrianne (February 3, 2011). "On Flickr Deleting User Accounts". New York Observer. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  51. ^ Fleishman, Glenn (February 6, 2019). "How to download your Flickr photo library and transfer it to Google Photos or iCloud Photo library". Macworld. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  52. ^ Vander Wal, Thomas (January 17, 2006). "Folksonomy Research Needs Cleaning Up". Retrieved September 4, 2006.
  53. ^ "Creating Flickr Sets Video". Goss Interactive. February 26, 2010. Archived from the original on May 3, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
  54. ^ "Mapping Flickr Sets Video". Goss Interactive. February 26, 2010. Archived from the original on May 3, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
  55. ^ "Public/Private". Flickr. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  56. ^ "Guest Pass". Flickr. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  57. ^ Partington, Brian (August 19, 2006). "Ink Interview: Steeev". Utata Daily Ink. Archived from the original on August 31, 2006. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  58. ^ "Flickr supports "Geo" Microformat". TechCrunch. August 29, 2006. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  59. ^ Kevin Collins (August 16, 2009). "Bad case of Hiccups!". Flickr.com. Retrieved August 18, 2009. For some of the details, we have 62 DBs across 124 servers- accounts are spread across 2 servers each. There are around 800k accounts per pair, give or take some thousand. On one of the pairs, there is a greater number of "active" members who populate it; stats recalculations have been taking some time longer to execute, and the database has not been happy.
  60. ^ Hoff, Todd (November 14, 2007). "Flickr Architecture". Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  61. ^ a b c "Help". Flickr. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
  62. ^ "Flickr + Facebook!". Flickr. June 10, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
  63. ^ "Flickr Uploader". Flickr. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  64. ^ "Edit Your Photos! On Flickr!". Flickr. December 5, 2007. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  65. ^ "Flickr Introduces Users to Aviary as Picnik Ends". Digital Photography Review. April 4, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  66. ^ "Around the World and Back Again". Flickr. August 12, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2008.
  67. ^ "More Cities". Flickr. October 30, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2008.
  68. ^ van Grove, Jennifer (March 11, 2009). "Flickr Photos Become Stock Photography at Getty Images". Mashable. Retrieved May 18, 2009.
  69. ^ Britton, Barney (March 10, 2014). "Getty and Flickr to cease partnership". DPReview.
  70. ^ "/ Help / FAQ / Content filters". Flickr.com. March 20, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  71. ^ a b Russell, Terrence (November 7, 2007). "How Porn and Family-Friendly Photos Coexist on Flickr". Wired. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  72. ^ Analysis of 100M CC-Licensed Images on Flickr Michelle Thorne, creativecommons.org, March 25, 2009
  73. ^ "Flickr: Help: Photos: How can I copyright my photos?". Flickr. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  74. ^ "The Commons: Participating Institutions". Flickr. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
  75. ^ Cohen, Noam (January 18, 2009). "Historical Photos in Web Archives Gain Vivid New Lives". The New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2009. In a similar move to harness the public's knowledge about old photographs, the Library of Congress a year ago began adding photographs with no known restrictions to a Flickr service called the Commons. The Library of Congress started with 3,500 photos and adds 50 a week.
  76. ^ Singel, Ryan (May 11, 2009). "Flickr Creates New License for White House Photos". Wired. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  77. ^ "Flickr now offers Public Domain and CC0 designations". March 30, 2015.
  78. ^ "John Naughton: How Flickr developed into a classic Web 2.0 success". the Guardian. March 9, 2008.
  79. ^ "Flickr Turns 10: The Rise, Fall and Revival of a Photo-Sharing Community". Time.
  80. ^ "Downtime in 2007 for the 20 most popular websites". Pingdom Royal. April 2, 2007.
  81. ^ "How Yahoo Killed Flickr and Lost the Internet". Gizmodo.
  82. ^ "flickr.com Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic - Alexa". Alexa. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
  83. ^ Morris, Craig (June 14, 2007). "Flickr Filter Raises Eyebrows". C't. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  84. ^ Lischka, Konrad (June 14, 2007). "Zwangsfilter: Flickr verbietet Deutschen Nacktfotos". Spiegel Online. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  85. ^ Lischka, Konrad (June 21, 2007). "Foto-Portal: Jugendschützer: Flickr-Filter nach deutschem Recht nicht nötig". Spiegel Online. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  86. ^ Branigan, Tania (June 2, 2009). "China Blocks Twitter, Flickr and Hotmail Ahead of Tiananmen Anniversary". The Guardian. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  87. ^ Arrington, Michael (August 21, 2009). "Flickr v. Free Speech. Where Is Their Courage?". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  88. ^ von Lohmann, Fred (September 7, 2009). "Improving DMCA Takedowns at Blogger, Flickr". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  89. ^ "U.S. Copyright Office – Copyright Law: Chapter 5". Copyright.gov. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  90. ^ Schofield, Jack (March 16, 2012). "How Dave Gorman Fought Flickr over a Deleted Photo". ZDNet. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  91. ^ Schofield, Schofield (June 13, 2012). "Dave Gorman Wins: Flickr Changes Deletion Policy". ZDNet. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  92. ^ Fox, Chris (April 9, 2019). "Flickr adds photo theft detection tools". Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  93. ^ "Flickr scraps plan to sell users' photos as wall art after licensing row". The Guardian. December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  94. ^ "Flickr takes flak for selling Creative Commons photos as wall-art prints". The Guardian. December 2, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  95. ^ "An Update on Flickr Wall Art". blog.flickr.net/. December 18, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  96. ^ "Flickr Announces New Photographer-Centric Improvements to Flickr Pro, Free Plans". BusinessWire. November 1, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  97. ^ "Upgrade everything you do with Flickr". Flickr.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flickr&oldid=1065900629"