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. 2021 Dec 30.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987. Online ahead of print.

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer CollaborationJonathan M Kocarnik  1 Kelly Compton  1 Frances E Dean  1 Weijia Fu  1 Brian L Gaw  1 James D Harvey  1 Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson  2   3 Dan Lu  1 Alyssa Pennini  1 Rixing Xu  1 Emad Ababneh  4 Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari  5 Hedayat Abbastabar  6 Sherief M Abd-Elsalam  7 Amir Abdoli  8 Aidin Abedi  9 Hassan Abidi  10 Hassan Abolhassani  11   12 Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji  13 Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani  14   15 Shailesh M Advani  16   17 Muhammad Sohail Afzal  18 Mohammad Aghaali  19 Bright Opoku Ahinkorah  20 Sajjad Ahmad  21 Tauseef Ahmad  22 Ali Ahmadi  23   24 Sepideh Ahmadi  25 Tarik Ahmed Rashid  26 Yusra Ahmed Salih  27   28 Gizachew Taddesse Akalu  29   30 Addis Aklilu  31 Tayyaba Akram  32 Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna  33   34 Hanadi Al Hamad  35   36 Fares Alahdab  37 Ziyad Al-Aly  38   39 Saqib Ali  40 Yousef Alimohamadi  41   42 Vahid Alipour  43   44 Syed Mohamed Aljunid  45   46 Motasem Alkhayyat  47 Amir Almasi-Hashiani  48 Nihad A Almasri  49 Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri  50   51 Sami Almustanyir  52   53 Nivaldo Alonso  54 Nelson Alvis-Guzman  55   56 Hubert Amu  57 Etsay Woldu Anbesu  58 Robert Ancuceanu  59 Fereshteh Ansari  60   61 Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam  62 Maxwell Hubert Antwi  63   64 Davood Anvari  65   66 Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor  67 Muhammad Aqeel  68 Jalal Arabloo  43 Morteza Arab-Zozani  69 Olatunde Aremu  70 Hany Ariffin  71   72 Timur Aripov  73   74 Muhammad Arshad  75 Al Artaman  76 Judie Arulappan  77 Zatollah Asemi  78 Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi  79   80 Tahira Ashraf  81 Prince Atorkey  82   83 Avinash Aujayeb  84 Marcel Ausloos  85   86 Atalel Fentahun Awedew  87 Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla  88   89 Temesgen Ayenew  90 Mohammed A Azab  91 Sina Azadnajafabad  92 Amirhossein Azari Jafari  93 Ghasem Azarian  94 Ahmed Y Azzam  95 Ashish D Badiye  96 Saeed Bahadory  97   98 Atif Amin Baig  99 Jennifer L Baker  100 Senthilkumar Balakrishnan  101 Maciej Banach  102   103 Till Winfried Bärnighausen  104   105 Francesco Barone-Adesi  106 Fabio Barra  107 Amadou Barrow  108   109 Masoud Behzadifar  110 Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi  111 Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe  112   113 Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih  114   115 Devidas S Bhagat  116 Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula  117   118 Nikha Bhardwaj  119 Pankaj Bhardwaj  120   121 Sonu Bhaskar  122   123 Krittika Bhattacharyya  124   125 Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja  126 Sadia Bibi  127 Ali Bijani  128 Antonio Biondi  129 Catherine Bisignano  1 Tone Bjørge  130   131 Archie Bleyer  132   133 Oleg Blyuss  134   135 Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa  136 Srinivasa Rao Bolla  137 Dejana Braithwaite  138   139 Amanpreet Brar  140 Hermann Brenner  141 Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira  142 Nadeem Shafique Butt  143 Zahid A Butt  144   145 Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos  146 Yin Cao  147 Giulia Carreras  148 Ferrán Catalá-López  149   150 Francieli Cembranel  151 Ester Cerin  152   153 Achille Cernigliaro  154 Raja Chandra Chakinala  155 Soosanna Kumary Chattu  156 Vijay Kumar Chattu  157   158 Pankaj Chaturvedi  159   160 Odgerel Chimed-Ochir  161 Daniel Youngwhan Cho  162 Devasahayam J Christopher  163 Dinh-Toi Chu  164 Michael T Chung  165 Joao Conde  166 Sanda Cortés  167   168 Paolo Angelo Cortesi  169 Vera Marisa Costa  170 Amanda Ramos Cunha  171 Omid Dadras  172   173 Amare Belachew Dagnew  174 Saad M A Dahlawi  175 Xiaochen Dai  1   176 Lalit Dandona  1   177   178 Rakhi Dandona  1   176   177 Aso Mohammad Darwesh  179 José das Neves  180   181 Fernando Pio De la Hoz  182 Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis  183   184 Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez  185 Deepak Dhamnetiya  186 Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal  187   188 Meghnath Dhimal  189 Mostafa Dianatinasab  190   191 Daniel Diaz  192   193 Shirin Djalalinia  194 Huyen Phuc Do  195 Saeid Doaei  196   197 Fariba Dorostkar  198 Francisco Winter Dos Santos Figueiredo  199 Tim Robert Driscoll  200 Hedyeh Ebrahimi  201   202 Sahar Eftekharzadeh  203 Maha El Tantawi  204 Hassan El-Abid  205 Iffat Elbarazi  118 Hala Rashad Elhabashy  206 Muhammed Elhadi  207 Shaimaa I El-Jaafary  208 Babak Eshrati  209 Sharareh Eskandarieh  210 Firooz Esmaeilzadeh  211 Arash Etemadi  212 Sayeh Ezzikouri  213 Mohammed Faisaluddin  214 Emerito Jose A Faraon  215 Jawad Fares  216 Farshad Farzadfar  201 Abdullah Hamid Feroze  217   218 Simone Ferrero  219 Lorenzo Ferro Desideri  220 Irina Filip  221   222 Florian Fischer  223 James L Fisher  224 Masoud Foroutan  225   226 Takeshi Fukumoto  227 Peter Andras Gaal  228   229 Mohamed M Gad  230   231 Muktar A Gadanya  232   233 Silvano Gallus  234 Mariana Gaspar Fonseca  235 Abera Getachew Obsa  236 Mansour Ghafourifard  237 Ahmad Ghashghaee  43   238 Nermin Ghith  239 Maryam Gholamalizadeh  240 Syed Amir Gilani  241   242 Themba G Ginindza  243 Abraham Tamirat T Gizaw  244 James C Glasbey  245 Mahaveer Golechha  246 Pouya Goleij  247 Ricardo Santiago Gomez  248 Sameer Vali Gopalani  249   250 Giuseppe Gorini  251 Houman Goudarzi  252   253 Giuseppe Grosso  254 Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari  255 Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra  142 Avirup Guha  256   257 D Sanjeeva Gunasekera  258 Bhawna Gupta  259 Veer Bala Gupta  260 Vivek Kumar Gupta  261 Reyna Alma Gutiérrez  262 Nima Hafezi-Nejad  263   264 Mohammad Rifat Haider  265 Arvin Haj-Mirzaian  266   267 Rabih Halwani  268   269 Randah R Hamadeh  270 Sajid Hameed  271 Samer Hamidi  272 Asif Hanif  271 Shafiul Haque  273 Netanja I Harlianto  274   275 Josep Maria Haro  276   277 Ahmed I Hasaballah  278 Soheil Hassanipour  279   280 Roderick J Hay  281   282 Simon I Hay  1   176 Khezar Hayat  283   284 Golnaz Heidari  285 Mohammad Heidari  286 Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna  287 Claudiu Herteliu  86   288 Kamal Hezam  289   290 Ramesh Holla  291 Md Mahbub Hossain  292   293 Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain  294 Mohammad-Salar Hosseini  295 Mostafa Hosseini  42   296 Mehdi Hosseinzadeh  297   298 Mihaela Hostiuc  299 Sorin Hostiuc  300   301 Mowafa Househ  302 Mohamed Hsairi  303 Junjie Huang  304 Fernando N Hugo  305 Rabia Hussain  306 Nawfal R Hussein  307 Bing-Fang Hwang  308 Ivo Iavicoli  309 Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye  310 Fidelia Ida  311 Kevin S Ikuta  1   312 Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi  313   314 Irena M Ilic  315 Milena D Ilic  316 Lalu Muhammad Irham  317   318 Jessica Y Islam  319 Rakibul M Islam  320 Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam  321   322 Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail  323 Gaetano Isola  324 Masao Iwagami  325   326 Louis Jacob  327   328 Vardhmaan Jain  47 Mihajlo B Jakovljevic  329   330 Tahereh Javaheri  331 Shubha Jayaram  332 Seyed Behzad Jazayeri  333 Ravi Prakash Jha  186   334 Jost B Jonas  335   336 Tamas Joo  228 Nitin Joseph  337 Farahnaz Joukar  279   280 Mikk Jürisson  338 Ali Kabir  339 Danial Kahrizi  340 Leila R Kalankesh  341 Rohollah Kalhor  342   343 Feroze Kaliyadan  344 Yogeshwar Kalkonde  345 Ashwin Kamath  291   346 Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi  347 Himal Kandel  348   349 Neeti Kapoor  96 André Karch  350 Ayele Semachew Kasa  351 Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi  352 Joonas H Kauppila  353   354 Taras Kavetskyy  355   356 Sewnet Adem Kebede  357 Pedram Keshavarz  358   359 Mohammad Keykhaei  201   360 Yousef Saleh Khader  361 Rovshan Khalilov  362   363 Gulfaraz Khan  364 Maseer Khan  365 Md Nuruzzaman Khan  366 Moien A B Khan  367   368 Young-Ho Khang  369   370 Amir M Khater  371 Maryam Khayamzadeh  372   373 Gyu Ri Kim  374 Yun Jin Kim  375 Adnan Kisa  376   377 Sezer Kisa  378 Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek  379 Jacek A Kopec  380   381 Rajasekaran Koteeswaran  382 Parvaiz A Koul  383 Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana  384 Ai Koyanagi  385   386 Burcu Kucuk Bicer  387 Nuworza Kugbey  388 G Anil Kumar  177 Narinder Kumar  389 Nithin Kumar  337 Om P Kurmi  390   391 Tezer Kutluk  392 Carlo La Vecchia  393 Faris Hasan Lami  394 Iván Landires  395   396 Paolo Lauriola  397 Sang-Woong Lee  398 Shaun Wen Huey Lee  399   400 Wei-Chen Lee  401 Yo Han Lee  402 James Leigh  403 Elvynna Leong  404 Jiarui Li  405 Ming-Chieh Li  406 Xuefeng Liu  407   408 Joana A Loureiro  409   410 Raimundas Lunevicius  411   412 Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek  413 Azeem Majeed  414 Alaa Makki  415 Shilpa Male  416 Ahmad Azam Malik  271   417 Mohammad Ali Mansournia  42 Santi Martini  418   419 Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi  420 Prashant Mathur  421 Martin McKee  422 Ravi Mehrotra  423 Walter Mendoza  424 Ritesh G Menezes  425 Endalkachew Worku Mengesha  426 Mohamed Kamal Mesregah  427 Tomislav Mestrovic  428   429 Junmei Miao Jonasson  430 Bartosz Miazgowski  431   432 Tomasz Miazgowski  433 Irmina Maria Michalek  434 Ted R Miller  435   436 Hamed Mirzaei  78 Hamid Reza Mirzaei  437 Sanjeev Misra  438 Prasanna Mithra  337 Masoud Moghadaszadeh  439   440 Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad  441 Yousef Mohammad  442 Mokhtar Mohammadi  443 Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi  444 Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani  23 Shafiu Mohammed  445   446 Nagabhishek Moka  447   448 Ali H Mokdad  1   176 Mariam Molokhia  449 Lorenzo Monasta  450 Mohammad Ali Moni  451 Mohammad Amin Moosavi  452 Yousef Moradi  453 Paula Moraga  454 Joana Morgado-da-Costa  455 Shane Douglas Morrison  456 Abbas Mosapour  457   458 Sumaira Mubarik  459 Lillian Mwanri  460 Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan  461   462 Shankar Prasad Nagaraju  463 Chie Nagata  464 Mukhammad David Naimzada  465   466 Vinay Nangia  467 Atta Abbas Naqvi  468   469 Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy  470 Rawlance Ndejjo  471 Sabina O Nduaguba  472 Ionut Negoi  473   474 Serban Mircea Negru  475 Sandhya Neupane Kandel  476 Cuong Tat Nguyen  477 Huong Lan Thi Nguyen  477 Robina Khan Niazi  478 Chukwudi A Nnaji  479   480 Nurulamin M Noor  481   482 Virginia Nuñez-Samudio  483   484 Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam  485 Bogdan Oancea  486 Chimedsuren Ochir  487   488 Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya  489   490 Felix Akpojene Ogbo  491 Andrew T Olagunju  492   493 Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde  494 Emad Omar  495 Ahmed Omar Bali  496 Abidemi E Emmanuel Omonisi  497   498 Sokking Ong  499   500 Obinna E Onwujekwe  501 Hans Orru  338   502 Doris V Ortega-Altamirano  503 Nikita Otstavnov  465 Stanislav S Otstavnov  465   504 Mayowa O Owolabi  505   506 Mahesh P A  507 Jagadish Rao Padubidri  291 Keyvan Pakshir  508 Adrian Pana  86   509 Demosthenes Panagiotakos  510 Songhomitra Panda-Jonas  335 Shahina Pardhan  511 Eun-Cheol Park  374   512 Eun-Kee Park  513 Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan  514 Harsh K Patel  515 Jenil R Patel  516   517 Siddhartha Pati  518   519 Sanjay M Pattanshetty  520 Uttam Paudel  521   522 David M Pereira  523 Renato B Pereira  524 Arokiasamy Perianayagam  525 Julian David Pillay  526 Saeed Pirouzpanah  527 Farhad Pishgar  201   528 Indrashis Podder  529 Maarten J Postma  530   531 Hadi Pourjafar  532   533 Akila Prashant  534 Liliana Preotescu  535   536 Mohammad Rabiee  537 Navid Rabiee  538 Amir Radfar  539 Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan  540 Venkatraman Radhakrishnan  541 Ata Rafiee  542 Fakher Rahim  543 Shadi Rahimzadeh  544 Mosiur Rahman  545 Muhammad Aziz Rahman  546   547 Amir Masoud Rahmani  548 Nazanin Rajai  549 Aashish Rajesh  550 Ivo Rakovac  551 Pradhum Ram  552 Kiana Ramezanzadeh  266 Kamal Ranabhat  553   554 Priyanga Ranasinghe  555 Chythra R Rao  556 Sowmya J Rao  557 Reza Rawassizadeh  558 Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia  559   560 Andre M N Renzaho  561   562 Negar Rezaei  201   563 Nima Rezaei  12   564 Aziz Rezapour  43 Thomas J Roberts  565 Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez  566 Peter Rohloff  567   568 Michele Romoli  569 Luca Ronfani  450 Gholamreza Roshandel  570 Godfrey M Rwegerera  571 Manjula S  572 Siamak Sabour  24 Basema Saddik  573 Umar Saeed  574   575 Amirhossein Sahebkar  576   577 Harihar Sahoo  525 Sana Salehi  578 Marwa Rashad Salem  579 Hamideh Salimzadeh  580 Mehrnoosh Samaei  581 Abdallah M Samy  582 Juan Sanabria  583   584 Senthilkumar Sankararaman  585   586 Milena M Santric-Milicevic  315   587 Yaeesh Sardiwalla  588 Arash Sarveazad  589 Brijesh Sathian  35   590 Monika Sawhney  591 Mete Saylan  592 Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider  593 Mario Sekerija  594   595 Allen Seylani  596 Omid Shafaat  263   597 Zahra Shaghaghi  598 Masood Ali Shaikh  599 Erfan Shamsoddin  600   601 Mohammed Shannawaz  602 Rajesh Sharma  603 Aziz Sheikh  604   605 Sara Sheikhbahaei  263 Adithi Shetty  606 Jeevan K Shetty  607 Pavanchand H Shetty  608 Kenji Shibuya  609 Reza Shirkoohi  610   611 K M Shivakumar  612 Velizar Shivarov  613   614 Soraya Siabani  615   616 Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa  617 Diego Augusto Santos Silva  618 Jasvinder A Singh  619   620 Yitagesu Sintayehu  621 Valentin Yurievich Skryabin  622 Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina  623 Matthew J Soeberg  624 Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi  600   625 Houman Sotoudeh  626 Paschalis Steiropoulos  627 Kurt Straif  628   629 Ranjeeta Subedi  630 Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan  631 Iyad Sultan  632   633 Saima Sultana  634 Daniel Sur  635   636 Viktória Szerencsés  228 Miklós Szócska  637 Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos  638   639 Takahiro Tabuchi  640 Hooman Tadbiri  641 Amir Taherkhani  642 Ken Takahashi  624 Iman M Talaat  268   643 Ker-Kan Tan  644 Vivian Y Tat  645 Bemnet Amare A Tedla  646   647 Yonas Getaye Tefera  648 Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi  209   649 Mohamad-Hani Temsah  650 Fisaha Haile Tesfay  651   652 Gizachew Assefa Tessema  436   653 Rekha Thapar  337 Aravind Thavamani  585   654 Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar  655 Nihal Thomas  656 Hamid Reza Tohidinik  657 Mathilde Touvier  658   659 Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone  660   661 Eugenio Traini  450   662 Bach Xuan Tran  663 Khanh Bao Tran  664   665 Mai Thi Ngoc Tran  666   667 Jaya Prasad Tripathy  668 Biruk Shalmeno Tusa  669 Irfan Ullah  670   671 Saif Ullah  127 Krishna Kishore Umapathi  672 Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan  673 Era Upadhyay  674 Marco Vacante  129 Maryam Vaezi  675   676 Sahel Valadan Tahbaz  677   678 Diana Zuleika Velazquez  193 Massimiliano Veroux  679 Francesco S Violante  680   681 Vasily Vlassov  682 Bay Vo  683 Victor Volovici  684   685 Giang Thu Vu  195 Yasir Waheed  21 Richard G Wamai  686   687 Paul Ward  688 Yi Feng Wen  689 Ronny Westerman  690 Andrea Sylvia Winkler  691   692 Lalit Yadav  693   694 Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari  677 Lin Yang  695   696 Sanni Yaya  697   698 Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie  699 Yigizie Yeshaw  700 Naohiro Yonemoto  701   702 Mustafa Z Younis  703   704 Zabihollah Yousefi  705 Chuanhua Yu  459 Deniz Yuce  706 Ismaeel Yunusa  707 Vesna Zadnik  708 Fariba Zare  709 Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin  710   711 Anasthasia Zastrozhina  712 Jianrong Zhang  713   714 Chenwen Zhong  304 Linghui Zhou  715 Cong Zhu  716 Arash Ziapour  615 Ivan R Zimmermann  717 Christina Fitzmaurice  1   718 Christopher J L Murray  1   176 Lisa M Force  1   176   719
Affiliations

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration et al. JAMA Oncol. .

Abstract

Importance: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.

Objective: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.

Evidence review: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

Findings: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles.

Conclusions and relevance: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.