March 1, 2016, Vol 315, No. 9, Pages 839-954

In This Issue of JAMA

Highlights

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):839-841. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.14136

Audio Editors' Summary: Perioperative statins for AKI, insulin glargine vs degludec/liraglutide for T2DM, visual acuity screening, and more

Original Investigation

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

High-Dose Perioperative Atorvastatin and Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Frederic T. Billings IV, MD, MSc; Patricia A. Hendricks, RN; Jonathan S. Schildcrout, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):877-888. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0548

This randomized clinical trial compares the effects of short-term high-dose perioperative atorvastatin vs placebo on acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery.

Editorial
Perioperative Statins in Cardiac Surgery and Acute Kidney Injury
Rinaldo Bellomo, MBBS(Hons), MD, FRACP, FCICM

Association of Red Blood Cell Transfusion, Anemia, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Ravi M. Patel, MD, MSc; Andrea Knezevic, MS; Neeta Shenvi, MS; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):889-897. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1204

This cohort study examines the association between red blood cell transfusion, severe neonatal anemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis among very low-birth-weight infants during the first 90 days of life.

Effect of Insulin Glargine Up-titration vs Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: The DUAL V Randomized Clinical Trial

Ildiko Lingvay, MD, MPH, MSCS; Federico Pérez Manghi, MD; Pedro García-Hernández, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):898-907. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1252

This noninferiority trial compares the effects of a fixed ratio of insulin degludec/liraglutide vs up-titration of insulin glargine on glycated hemoglobin levels among patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes treated with glargine and metformin.

Research Letter

Association Between Having a Highly Educated Spouse and Physician Practice in Rural Underserved Areas

Douglas O. Staiger, PhD; Samuel M. Marshall, BA; David C. Goodman, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):939-941. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16972

This study uses US census and national survey data to investigate the proportion of married physicians who have highly educated spouses, and the odds of the couple living and working in rural underserved areas.

Special Communication

USPSTF Recommendation Statement

Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):908-914. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0763

This Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force concludes that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for impaired visual acuity among adults 65 years or older who do not present to their primary care clinician with vision problems.

Audio Author Interview: Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults

Editorial
JAMA Welcomes the US Preventive Services Task Force
Howard Bauchner, MD; Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA; Robert M. Golub, MD
Visual Acuity Screening Among Asymptomatic Older Adults
Paul Lee, MD, JD
The USPSTF Position on Vision Screening of Adults—Seeing Is Believing?
Alfred Sommer, MD, MHS
The US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation on Vision Screening in Older Adults: A Narrow View
David W. Parke II, MD; Michael X. Repka, MD, MBA; Flora Lum, MD

Viewpoint

Innovations in Health Care Delivery

Health System Loyalty Programs: An Innovation in Customer Care and Service

Laurence F. McMahon Jr, MD, MPH; Renuka Tipirneni, MD, MSc; Vineet Chopra, MD, MSc

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):863-864. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.19463

This Viewpoint discusses the use of loyalty programs within accountable care organizations as a means of achieving patient-centric care and enhancing the health system business model.

The Emerging Zika Pandemic: Enhancing Preparedness

Daniel R. Lucey, MD, MPH; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):865-866. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0904

This Viewpoint discusses Zika virus infection and health system preparedness and urges the World Health Organization to proactively respond to the growing global threat of infection.

Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis: Opportunities and Challenges for Primary Care Physicians

Kenneth H. Mayer, MD; Douglas S. Krakower, MD; Stephen L. Boswell, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):867-868. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0318

This Viewpoint urges greater involvement of primary care physicians in screening patients for risky sexual behaviors and prescribing preexposure prophylactic antiviral medication to those at risk of HIV infection.

Oregon’s Medicaid Coordinated Care Organizations

K. John McConnell, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):869-870. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0206

This Viewpoint describes steps taken by Oregon to change its Medicaid program to improve health care access and population health and slow increases in spending.

A Piece of My Mind

A Place to Stay

Bennett W. Clark, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):871-872. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.17476

Editorial

Perioperative Statins in Cardiac Surgery and Acute Kidney Injury

Rinaldo Bellomo, MBBS(Hons), MD, FRACP, FCICM

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):873-874. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0245

Visual Acuity Screening Among Asymptomatic Older Adults

Paul Lee, MD, JD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):875-876. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1271

Review

Evidence Report for the USPSTF

Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

Roger Chou, MD; Tracy Dana, MLS; Christina Bougatsos, MPH; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):915-933. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0783

This systematic review to support the 2016 update of the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults summarizes trial evidence about screening and treatment and evidence about the diagnostic accuracy of screening instruments.

Editorial
Visual Acuity Screening Among Asymptomatic Older Adults
Paul Lee, MD, JD
The USPSTF Position on Vision Screening of Adults—Seeing Is Believing?
Alfred Sommer, MD, MHS
The US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation on Vision Screening in Older Adults: A Narrow View
David W. Parke II, MD; Michael X. Repka, MD, MBA; Flora Lum, MD

JAMA Clinical Challenge

Sudden Onset of Generalized Pustules in a Newborn

Ge Qian, MD; Jiang Ji, MD; Jianbo Wu, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):934-935. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0006

On day 3 after birth, a full-term neonate developed a pustular rash over the face and trunk that progressed to a “flea-bitten” pattern on the limbs. Wright staining showed eosinophils, Tzanck smear and bacterial and fungal cultures were negative, and WBC count and ESR were normal. What would you do next?

JAMA Diagnostic Test Interpretation

Gonadotropin Interpretation in a 25-Year-Old Man

James A. Kashanian, MD; Robert E. Brannigan, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA. 2016;315(9):936-937. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18157

A 25-year-old man with interest in future fertility presented to the urology clinic with concerns of low energy but no symptoms of low libido, erectile dysfunction, or ejaculatory dysfunction (his FSH level was in the high-normal reference range, luteinizing hormone was elevated, and he had bilateral testicular atrophy and azoospermia). How do you interpret the test results?

Medical News & Perspectives

Quality of Care Will Be a “Sweet Spot” for JAMA Cardiology Says New Editor-in-Chief

Julie A. Jacob, MA

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA. 2016;315(9):855-856. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.18368

In this Medical News & Perspectives piece, Robert O Bonow, MD, the editor-in-chief of JAMA Cardiology, discusses his editorial vision for the new journal.