İ
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2011) |
| İ | |
|---|---|
| İ i | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Type | Alphabetic |
| Language of origin | Turkish language |
| Phonetic usage | [i] [j] [ɪj] [əj] |
| Unicode codepoint | U+0130, U+0069 |
| History | |
| Development | |
| Time period | 1928 to present |
| Sisters | I ı |
| Other | |
İ, or i, called dotted I or i-dot, is a letter used in the Latin-script alphabets of Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Kazakh, Tatar, and Turkish. It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel /i/, except in Kazakh where it additionally represents the voiced palatal approximant /j/ and the diphthongs /ɪj/ and /əj/. All of the languages it is used in also use its dotless counterpart I while not using the basic Latin letter I.
In computing[edit]
| Preview | İ | i | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE |
LATIN SMALL LETTER I | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 304 | U+0130 | 105 | U+0069 |
| UTF-8 | 196 176 | C4 B0 | 105 | 69 |
| Numeric character reference | İ |
İ |
i |
i |
| Named character reference | İ | |||
| ISO 8859-9 | 221 | DD | 105 | 69 |
| ISO 8859-3 | 169 | A9 | 105 | 69 |
Unicode does not encode the lowercase form of İ separately, and instead merges it with the lowercase form of the Latin letter I. John Cowan proposed disunification of plain Ii as capital letter dotless I and small letter I with dot above to make the casing more consistent.[1] The Unicode Technical Committee had previously rejected a similar proposal[2] because it would corrupt mapping from character sets with dotted and dotless I and corrupt data in these languages.[citation needed]
Most Unicode software lowercases İ to i, but, unless specifically configured for Turkish, it uppercases i to I. Thus lowercasing then uppercasing changes the letters.
In the Microsoft Windows SDK, beginning with Windows Vista, several relevant functions have a NORM_LINGUISTIC_CASING flag, to indicate that for Turkish and Azerbaijani locales, i should map to İ.
In the LaTeX typesetting language the dotted İ can be written using the normal accenting method (i.e. \.{I}).
Dotted İ is problematic in the Turkish locales of several software packages, including Oracle DBMS, PHP, Java (software platform),[3][4] and Unixware 7, where implicit capitalization of names of keywords, variables, and tables has effects not foreseen by the application developers. The C or US English locales do not have these problems. The .NET Framework has special provisions to handle the 'Turkish i'.[5]
In some Ectaco translators, the letter İ was also treated as I (e.g. TRAFIK ⟨traffic⟩, when it is normally TRAFİK).
See also[edit]
- Dotless I, the letter's dotless counterpart
- African reference alphabet, where a similar situation occurs, albeit with the serifs rather than the tittles
- Tittle: the dot above "i" and "j" in most of the Latin scripts
Usage in other languages[edit]
Both the dotted and dotless I can be used in transcriptions of Rusyn to allow distinguishing between the letters Ы and И, which would otherwise be both transcribed as "y", despite representing different phonemes. Under such transcription the dotted İ would represent the Cyrillic І, and the dotless I would represent either Ы or И, with the other being represented by "Y".
References[edit]
- ^ Cowan, John (September 10, 1997). "Resolving dotted and dotless "i"". unicode@unicode.org (Mailing list).
- ^ Davis, Mark (September 11, 1997). "Re: Resolving dotted and dotless "i"". unicode@unicode.org (Mailing list).
- ^ Winchester, Joe (September 7, 2004). "Turkish Java Needs Special Brewing". JDJ. Archived from the original on 2017-07-26. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
- ^ Schindler, Uwe (2012-07-11). "The Policeman's Horror: Default Locales, Default Charsets, and Default Timezones". The Generics Policeman Blog.
- ^ "Writing Culture-Safe Managed Code: The Turkish Example". msdn.microsoft.com. 2006-09-13.
External links[edit]
- Unicode chart
- Tex Texin, Internationalization for Turkish: Dotted and Dotless Letter "I", accessed 15 Nov 2005