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November 2, 2021, Vol 326, No. 17, Pages 1655-1756

In This Issue of JAMA

Audio Highlights

Abstract Full Text
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JAMA. 2021;326(17):e2018205. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18205
Original Investigation

Caring for the Critically Ill Patient

Effect of Convalescent Plasma on Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1690-1702. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18178

This study compares the effect of convalescent plasma vs no convalescent plasma on the outcome of organ support–free days in the hospital among critically ill adults with COVID-19 who had been randomized to the immunoglobulin domain in the ongoing REMAP-CAP trial.

Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19: The ACTIV-4B Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1703-1712. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17272

This randomized clinical trial assesses whether aspirin, prophylactic-dose apixaban, or therapeutic-dose apixaban, compared with placebo, can safely reduce major adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes among symptomatic but clinically stable US outpatients with COVID-19.

Effect of Amoxicillin Dose and Treatment Duration on the Need for Antibiotic Re-treatment in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The CAP-IT Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1713-1724. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17843

This randomized clinical trial compares the need for re-treatment of respiratory infection following hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia among children receiving amoxicillin at high doses vs low doses and at 3-days vs 7-days duration.

Association of Maternal Antidepressant Prescription During Pregnancy With Standardized Test Scores of Danish School-aged Children

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1725-1735. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17380

This cohort study evaluates whether maternal prescription fill for antidepressants in pregnancy was associated with performance in standardized tests of mathematics and language among schoolchildren in Denmark.

Research Letter

Temporal Trends in Stroke Thrombolysis in the US by Race and Ethnicity, 2009-2018

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2021;326(17):1741-1743. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12966

This study investigates the temporal trend in racial and ethnic differences in use of intravenous thrombolysis for stroke treatment between 2009 and 2018 in a representative sample of US adults.

Estimated Savings From International Reference Pricing for Prescription Drugs

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1744-1745. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13338

This study estimates what 2020 national US savings would have been using international reference pricing rather than US manufacturer and net prices for insulins and 50 top brand-name drugs.

Rates of Prenatal Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1745-1747. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16328

This study uses toxicology screening data from a health care delivery system to investigate whether rates of cannabis use increased among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Viewpoint

Reducing Sodium Intake in the US: Healthier Lives, Healthier Future

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1675-1676. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18611

This Viewpoint summarizes new guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for industry to voluntarily adhere to sodium reduction targets, particularly in processed and prepared foods.

Administrative Simplification and the Potential for Saving a Quarter-Trillion Dollars in Health Care

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1677-1678. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17315

This Viewpoint discusses a new report that describes steps that may be taken in specific areas to simplify administrative functions, reduce administrative spending, and boost overall productivity in US health care.

Administrative Expenses in the US Health Care System: Why So High?

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1679-1680. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17318

This Viewpoint discusses administrative expenses in the US health care system and notes that attempts to address those costs in a sustainable way will require consideration of how the US health system is designed and how the system balances the use of market mechanisms with the costs they sometimes entail.

Economic Incentives for Administrative Simplification

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1681-1682. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18292

This Viewpoint explores the misaligned incentives impeding administrative spending reduction and suggests potential changes for administrative simplification.

A Piece of My Mind

The Taste of Hope

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1683-1684. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18771

In this narrative medicine essay, a retired family physician recounts the joy and connection she felt in volunteering to administer COVID-19 vaccines after months of pandemic isolation and compares it to the hope she felt receiving the polio vaccine.

Editorial

Antithrombotic Therapy for Outpatients With COVID-19: Implications for Clinical Practice and Future Research

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1685-1686. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17460

Making Decisions About Antidepressant Treatment in Pregnancy

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1687-1689. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16216
JAMA Insights

Women's Health

Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Patients With a History of Breast Cancer

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1736-1737. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13309

This article in the JAMA Insights Women’s Health series discusses cancer-related cognitive impairment, including risks, management recommendations, and cognitive and behavioral treatments.

JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis

Home Oxygen Therapy for Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Interstitial Lung Disease

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2021;326(17):1738-1739. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12073

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the clinical practice guideline from the American Thoracic Society (ATS) regarding the home use of oxygen for adults with COPD and interstitial lung disease.

Medical News & Perspectives

Trying to Block SARS-CoV-2 Transmission With Intranasal Vaccines

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1661-1663. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18143

This Medical News feature discusses the ongoing research into intranasal COVID-19 vaccines.

Quick Uptakes

COVID-19 Precautions Help Make Music That’s Beautiful and Safe

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1664-1665. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17558

This Medical News article describes simple measures like masking instruments, social distancing, and curtailing performance length to improve safety for musicians and their audiences during live performances.

News From the JAMA Network

Sleep Duration Tied to Adverse Outcomes for Older Adults

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2021;326(17):1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19071

High-Intensity Interval Training in Prostate Cancer

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18201

Giving Screen Time a Rest Speeds Concussion Recovery

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2021;326(17):1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19072

Antipsychotic Use During Pregnancy Isn’t Harmful to Children

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19073
News From the Food and Drug Administration

Advanced CT Technology Counts Photons to Produce Sharper Images

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1667. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19146

COVID-19 Didn’t Stop Millions of Youth From Continuing to Vape

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1667. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19016

UV-C Disinfecting Device Poses Radiation Risk

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1667. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19147
Poetry and Medicine

COVID-19

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1751. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.12861
JAMA Revisited

Clinical Laboratory Service for Physicians

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1752. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18206

The Magnetic Field is Not a Health Hazard

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1752. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15756
JAMA Patient Page

What to Consider When Reading Your Medical Notes

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1756. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16493

This JAMA Patient Page describes how clinicians use patient medical notes, how patients can access them, and how patients may benefit from reading their medical notes.

Comment & Response

A Review of Transcatheter Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease

Abstract Full Text
JAMA. 2021;326(17):1747. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14066

A Review of Transcatheter Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease—Reply

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1747-1748. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.14072

Depressive Symptom Assessment in Medically Ill Patients

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1748. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15223

Depressive Symptom Assessment in Medically Ill Patients

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1748-1749. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15226

Depressive Symptom Assessment in Medically Ill Patients—Reply

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1749. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.15229
Correction

Error in Discussion

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1749. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18428

Author Surname Correction

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1749. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18488
JAMA Masthead

JAMA

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JAMA. 2021;326(17):1655-1656. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.18203
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