Fast Facts: Back-to-school statistics (372)

Back-to-school statistics

Question:
It’s back-to-school time—what do we know about our nation’s students and schools?

Response:

Across the country, students are preparing to head back to school—whether in person, online, or through some combination of the two—for the 2021–22 academic year. Each year, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) compiles back-to-school facts and figures that provide a snapshot of schools and colleges in the United States. Learn more below.

Welcome Back to School

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, projected data were not available for this year’s Fast Fact. Some of the data presented in this Fast Fact were collected in 2020 or 2021, but most of the data were collected before the pandemic began. The following resources provide information about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on education:

U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey: The Household Pulse Survey (HPS) is a study of how the coronavirus pandemic is impacting households across the country from both social and economic perspectives.
2021, Condition of Education 2021: Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Elementary and Secondary Education System
2021, Condition of Education 2021: Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Fall Plans for Postsecondary Education
National Center for Education Statistics, Coronavirus Pandemic Information and Resources: This website provides a sampling of data, resources, and tools to answer questions that students, parents, educators, and researchers might have. It includes a list of states’ plans for reopening public schools.

Additional postsecondary enrollment data from 2020 were not available in time for inclusion in this Fast Fact but are expected to be released soon, in fall 2021. To locate the latest findings from NCES, search for recent Publications & Products and peruse the NCES Blog.

K–12 EDUCATION

Enrollment
Distance Learning
Teachers
Expenditures

COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

Enrollment
Distance Learning
Attainment

K–12 EDUCATION

Enrollment

How many students attended school in recent years?

In fall 2020, about 48.1 million students attended public schools in kindergarten to grade 12, including ungraded students (forthcoming, special tabulation). Please note, these data are preliminary and are meant to provide readers with a timely release of basic enrollment estimates. These estimates are subject to change. Of the 48.1 million public school students:

3.4 million attended kindergarten.
32.8 million attended kindergarten to grade 8.
15.3 million attended grades 9 to 12.
4.0 million attended grade 9, the grade students typically enter high school.

In fall 2017, about 5.7 million students attended private schools (source). This estimate includes prekindergarten enrollment in schools that offer kindergarten or a higher grade.

About 3.7 million students are projected to have graduated from high school in the 2018–19 school year, including 3.3 million students from public schools and 0.4 million students from private schools (source).

How did fall 2020 public school enrollment compare with previous years?

Using preliminary data for fall 2020, some 48.1 million students were enrolled in public schools in kindergarten through grade 12, which was lower than enrollment in fall 2019 (49.2 million) by a difference of 1.1 million students (forthcoming, special tabulation). Public school enrollment was higher in all years from 2010 to 2019 than it was in 2020, ranging from 48.2 million students in fall 2010 to 49.2 million students in fall 2017 (source; forthcoming, special tabulation).

What were the demographics of public school students in fall 2020?

The 48.1 million public school students enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 in fall 2020 included (forthcoming, special tabulation):

22.0 million White students
13.4 million Hispanic students
7.2 million Black students
2.6 million Asian students
2.2 million students of Two or more races
0.4 million American Indian/Alaska Native students
0.2 million Pacific Islander students

To learn more about student demographics, explore other NCES Fast Facts, which focus on topics including:

Distance Learning

How many students were enrolled in distance learning in early 2021?

In February 2021, schools offered remote instruction, hybrid instruction, in-person instruction, or some combination of these types of instruction to their students (source). Among fourth- and eighth-grade students in February 2021:

43 percent were enrolled in remote instruction

82 percent attended schools that offered remote instruction to all students.
7 percent attended schools that offered remote instruction to some students.
10 percent attended schools that did not offer remote instruction.

21 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction

36 percent attended schools that offered hybrid instruction to all students.
6 percent attended schools that offered hybrid instruction to some students.
59 percent attended schools that did not offer hybrid instruction.

35 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction

49 percent attended schools that offered in-person instruction to all students.
7 percent attended schools that offered in-person instruction to some students.
44 percent attended schools that did not offer in-person instruction.

Among fourth- and eighth-grade students in May 2021:

A lower percentage of all students were enrolled in remote instruction (26 percent), compared with the percentage in February 2021. Higher percentages were enrolled in hybrid and in-person instruction (23 percent and 50 percent, respectively).
Among White students, 15 percent were enrolled in remote instruction, 22 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction, and 63 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction.
Among Black students, 38 percent were enrolled in remote instruction, 23 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction, and 39 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction.
Among Hispanic students, 32 percent were enrolled in remote instruction, 26 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction, and 42 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction.
Among Asian students, 54 percent were enrolled in remote instruction, 21 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction, and 25 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction.
Among American Indian/Alaska Native students, 22 percent were enrolled in remote instruction, 25 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction, and 53 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction.
Among Pacific Islander students, 34 percent were enrolled in remote instruction, 32 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction, and 31 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction.
Among students of Two or more races, 27 percent were enrolled in remote instruction, 25 percent were enrolled in hybrid instruction, and 48 percent were enrolled in in-person instruction.

Visit our Fast Fact on distance learning in elementary and secondary schools to learn more about previous school years’ distance learning in the United States.

Teachers

How many teachers were there in the United States in recent years?

In fall 2019, there were 3.2 million teachers in public schools (forthcoming, special tabulation). In fall 2017, there were 0.5 million teachers in private schools (source).

Visit our Fast Fact on teacher trends to learn more about the teaching profession in the United States.

Expenditures

How much was spent on PK–12 education in 2018–19?

$13,187: current expenditure per student in public elementary and secondary schools for the 2018–19 school year (source)
$667 billion: total current expenditures in public elementary and secondary schools for the 2018–19 school year

(Note: Current expenditures per student exclude prekindergarten enrollment in Arizona, New York, and Oregon. Current expenditures include only expenditures for K-12 and special education preschool programs in California.)

COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

Enrollment

How many students attended colleges and universities in fall 2019?

About 19.6 million students attended colleges and universities in fall 2019 (source).

12.0 million students attended full time (source).
7.7 million students attended part time.

16.6 million students attended undergraduate programs (source).
3.1 million students attended graduate programs.

14.5 million students attended public institutions (source).
5.1 million students attended private institutions.

5.6 million students attended 2-year institutions (forthcoming).
14.0 million students attended 4-year institutions.

What were the characteristics of students who were enrolled in colleges and universities in fall 2019?

11.3 million female students (source)
8.4 million male students

10.1 million White students (source)
3.8 million Hispanic students
2.5 million Black students
1.3 million Asian students
0.8 million students of Two or more races
0.1 million American Indian/Alaska Native students
0.1 million Pacific Islander students
1.0 million Nonresident alien students (not identified by race/ethnicity)

11.8 million students under age 25 (forthcoming)
7.9 million students 25 years old and over

How did fall 2019 college and university enrollment compare with enrollment in previous years?

College enrollment in fall 2019 (19.6 million students) was about 7 percent lower than in fall 2010 (21.0 million students), when enrollment was at its peak (source).

Distance Learning

How many postsecondary students participated in distance learning before and during the coronavirus pandemic?

In fall 2019, some 37 percent of postsecondary students (7.3 million) were enrolled in any distance education course, compared with 63 percent of students (12.3 million) who were not enrolled in distance education (source).

Of the 7.3 million postsecondary students enrolled in fall 2019 in any distance education course, 53 percent of students (3.9 million) were enrolled in distance education for at least one but not all of their courses, and 47 percent of students (3.5 million) were enrolled exclusively in distance education courses.

In spring 2020, some 87 percent of undergraduate students experienced any enrollment disruption or change at their postsecondary institution due to COVID-19, with 84 percent of students experiencing some or all in-person classes moved to online-only (source). 34 percent of students received technology or technical services from their postsecondary institution. These findings are based on preliminary data and may differ from estimates that will be available in the full survey sample and dataset released in 2022, which will address missing data in the findings.

Visit our Fast Fact on distance learning among postsecondary students to learn more about distance learning in the United States.

Attainment

During the 2018–19 academic year, how many degrees did colleges and universities award?

1,037,000 associate's degrees (source)
2,013,000 bachelor's degrees
834,000 master's degrees
188,000 doctor's degrees

For more information:

NCES publishes a wide range of data on graduation rates, technology in education, college costs, fields of study (or majors), number of degrees awarded, and employment outcomes in annual publications, including the Condition of Education and the Digest of Education Statistics.

Additional resources:

Fast Fact about state-level statistics: Links to selected publications and websites that provide state-by-state information on achievement, attainment, demographics, enrollment, finances, and teachers at the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary levels.
U.S. Department of Education program and budget information can be found here.
U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey: The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a monthly survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The CPS is the primary source of information on labor force statistics and also contains information on educational attainment.

Other Resources: (Listed by Release Date)