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Day of the year
March 17 is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 289 days remain until the end of the year.
Pre-1600 [ edit ] 0 0 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda .0 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eighteen, following the death of his father, Marcus Aurelius .[1] 0 455 – Petronius Maximus becomes, with support of the Roman Senate , emperor of the Western Roman Empire ; he forces Licinia Eudoxia , the widow of his predecessor, Valentinian III , to marry him.[2] 1337 – Edward, the Black Prince is made Duke of Cornwall , the first Duchy in England .1400 – Turko-Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus .1601–1900 [ edit ] 1776 – American Revolution : The British Army evacuates Boston , ending the Siege of Boston , after George Washington and Henry Knox place artillery in positions overlooking the city.1805 – The Italian Republic , with Napoleon as president, becomes the Kingdom of Italy , with Napoleon as King of Italy .1824 – The Anglo-Dutch Treaty is signed in London, dividing the Malay archipelago. As a result, the Malay Peninsula is dominated by the British, while Sumatra and Java and surrounding areas are dominated by the Dutch.1860 – The First Taranaki War begins in Taranaki , New Zealand, a major phase of the New Zealand Wars .1861 – The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed.1891 – SS Utopia collides with HMS Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar and sinks, killing 562 of the 880 passengers on board.[4] 1901–present [ edit ] 1921 – The Second Polish Republic adopts the March Constitution .1942 – Holocaust : The first Jews from the Lvov Ghetto are gassed at the Belzec death camp in what is today eastern Poland.1945 – The Ludendorff Bridge in Remagen , Germany, collapses, ten days after its capture.1948 – Belgium , France , Luxembourg , the Netherlands and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Brussels , a precursor to the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO .[5] 1950 – Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley announce the creation of element 98, which they name "californium ".[6] 1957 – A plane crash in Cebu , Philippines kills Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay and 24 others.1958 – The United States launches the first solar-powered satellite , which is also the first satellite to achieve a long-term orbit.[7] 1960 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the National Security Council directive on the anti-Cuban covert action program that will ultimately lead to the Bay of Pigs Invasion .1963 – Mount Agung erupts on Bali killing more than 1,100 people.1966 – Off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean, the DSV Alvin submarine finds a missing American hydrogen bomb .1968 – As a result of nerve gas testing by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps in Skull Valley, Utah , over 6,000 sheep are found dead .1969 – Golda Meir becomes the first female Prime Minister of Israel .1973 – The Pulitzer Prize -winning photograph Burst of Joy prisoner of war being reunited with his family, which came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War .1979 – The Penmanshiel Tunnel collapses during engineering works, killing two workers.1985 – Serial killer Richard Ramirez , aka the "Night Stalker", commits the first two murders in his Los Angeles murder spree.1988 – A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner , Avianca Flight 410 , crashes into a mountainside near the Venezuelan border killing 143.1988 – Eritrean War of Independence : The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea , is attacked on three sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in the opening action of the Battle of Afabet .
1992 – Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires : Car bomb attack kills 29 and injures 242.1992 – A referendum to end apartheid in South Africa is passed 68.7% to 31.2%.
2000 – Five hundred and thirty members of the Ugandan cult Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God die in a fire, considered to be a mass murder or suicide orchestrated by leaders of the cult. Elsewhere another 248 members are later found dead.2003 – Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Robin Cook , resigns from the British Cabinet in disagreement with government plans for the 2003 invasion of Iraq .2004 – Unrest in Kosovo : More than 22 are killed and 200 wounded. Thirty-five Serbian Orthodox shrines in Kosovo and two mosques in Serbia are destroyed.2016 – Rojava conflict : At a conference in Rmelan , the Movement for a Democratic Society declares the establishment of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria .[8] Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601–1900 [ edit ] 1611 – Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge , Swedish field marshal (d. 1662)1665 – Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre , French harpsichord player and composer (d. 1729)[9] 1676 – Thomas Boston , Scottish philosopher and theologian (d. 1732)1686 – Jean-Baptiste Oudry , French painter and engraver (d. 1755)1725 – Lachlan McIntosh , Scottish-American general and politician (d. 1806)1777 – Patrick Brontë , Irish-English priest and author (d. 1861)1777 – Roger B. Taney , American politician and jurist, 5th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1864)
1780 – Thomas Chalmers , Scottish minister, economist, and educator (d. 1847)1781 – Ebenezer Elliott , English poet and educator (d. 1849)1804 – Jim Bridger , American fur trader and explorer (d. 1881)1806 – Norbert Rillieux , African American inventor and chemical engineer (d. 1894)1820 – Jean Ingelow , English poet and author (d. 1897)1834 – Gottlieb Daimler , German engineer and businessman, co-founded Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (d. 1900)1839 – Josef Rheinberger , Liechtensteiner-German organist and composer (d. 1901)1842 – Rosina Heikel , Finnish physician (d. 1929)[11] 1846 – Kate Greenaway , English author and illustrator (d. 1901)1849 – Charles F. Brush , American businessman and philanthropist, co-invented the Arc lamp (d. 1929)1849 – Cornelia Clapp , American marine biologist (d. 1934)[13]
1856 – Mikhail Vrubel , Russian painter (d. 1910)1862 – Silvio Gesell , Belgian merchant and economist (d. 1930)1864 – Joseph Baptista , Indian engineer, lawyer, and politician (d. 1930)1866 – Pierce Butler , American lawyer and jurist (d. 1939)1867 – Patrice Contamine de Latour , Spanish poet (d. 1926)1877 – Edith New , English militant suffragette (d. 1951)[14] 1877 – Otto Gross , Austrian-German psychoanalyst and philosopher (d. 1920)
1880 – Patrick Hastings , English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (d. 1952)1880 – Lawrence Oates , English lieutenant and explorer (d. 1912)
1881 – Walter Rudolf Hess , Swiss physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)1884 – Alcide Nunez , American clarinet player (d. 1934)1885 – Ralph Rose , American track and field athlete (d. 1913)1886 – Princess Patricia of Connaught (d. 1974)1888 – Paul Ramadier , French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1961)1889 – Harry Clarke , Irish stained-glass artist and book illustrator (d. 1931)1891 – Ross McLarty , Australian politician, 17th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1962)[15] 1892 – Floyd B. Barnum , American college football coach (d. 1965)[16] [17] [18] [19] 1892 – Sayed Darwish , Egyptian singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1923)
1894 – Paul Green , American playwright and academic (d. 1981)1895 – Lloyd Rees , Australian painter (d. 1988)1900 – Alfred Newman , American composer and conductor (d. 1970)1901–present [ edit ] 1902 – Bobby Jones , American golfer and lawyer (d. 1971)1904 – Chaim Gross , Austrian-American sculptor and educator (d. 1991)1905 – Lillian Yarbo , American comedienne, dancer, and singer (d. 1996)[20] 1908 – Brigitte Helm , German-Swiss actress (d. 1996)1907 – Jean Van Houtte , Belgian academic and politician, 50th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1991)1907 – Takeo Miki , Japanese politician, 41st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1988)
1910 – Sonny Werblin , American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1991)1912 – Bayard Rustin , American activist (d. 1987)1914 – Sammy Baugh , American football player and coach (d. 2008)1915 – Robert S. Arbib Jr. , American ornithologist, writer and conservationist (d. 1987)1915 – Bill Roycroft , Australian equestrian rider (d. 2011)
1916 – Ray Ellington , English drummer and bandleader (d. 1985)1919 – Nat King Cole , American singer, pianist, and television host (d. 1965)1920 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , Bangladeshi politician, 1st President of Bangladesh (d. 1975)1921 – Meir Amit , Israeli general and politician, 12th Israeli Minister of Communications (d. 2009)1922 – Patrick Suppes , American psychologist and philosopher (d. 2014)1924 – Stephen Dodgson , English composer and educator (d. 2013)1925 – Gabriele Ferzetti , Italian actor (d. 2015)1926 – Siegfried Lenz , Polish-German author and playwright (d. 2014)1927 – Betty Allen , American soprano and educator (d. 2009)1928 – William John McKeag , Canadian businessman and politician, 17th Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (d. 2007)1930 – Paul Horn , American-Canadian flute player and saxophonist (d. 2014)1930 – James Irwin , American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1991)
1931 – Patricia Breslin , American actress (d. 2011)1931 – David Peakall , English-American chemist and toxicologist (d. 2001)
1933 – Myrlie Evers-Williams , American journalist and activist1933 – Penelope Lively , English author
1935 – Fred T. Mackenzie , American biologist and academic1935 – Adam Wade , American singer, drummer, and actor
1936 – Ida Kleijnen , Dutch chef (d. 2019)[21] 1936 – Ladislav Kupkovič , Slovakian composer and conductor (d. 2016)
1936 – Ken Mattingly , American admiral, pilot, and astronaut
1937 – Galina Samsova , Russian ballerina1938 – Rudolf Nureyev , Russian-French dancer and choreographer (d. 1993)1938 – Keith O'Brien , Northern Ireland-born Scottish cleric, theologian, and cardinal (d. 2018)
1938 – Zola Taylor , American singer (d. 2007)
1939 – Jim Gary , American sculptor (d. 2006)1939 – Bill Graham , Canadian academic and politician, 4th Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1939 – Robin Knox-Johnston , English sailor and first person to perform a single-handed non-stop circumnavigation of the globe
1939 – Giovanni Trapattoni , Italian footballer and manager
1940 – Mark White , American lawyer and politician, 43rd Governor of Texas (d. 2017)1941 – Wang Jin-pyng , Taiwanese soldier and politician1941 – Paul Kantner , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
1941 – Max Stafford-Clark , English director and academic
1942 – John Wayne Gacy , American serial killer and rapist (d. 1994)1943 – Jeff Banks , Welsh fashion designer1943 – Andrew Brook , Canadian philosopher, author, and academic
1944 – Pattie Boyd , English model, author, and photographer1944 – Cito Gaston , American baseball player and manager
1944 – John Sebastian , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1945 – Michael Hayden , American general, 20th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency 1947 – Dennis Bond , English footballer, midfielder[22] 1947 – Yury Chernavsky , Russian-American songwriter and producer
1948 – William Gibson , American-Canadian author and screenwriter1948 – Alex MacDonald , Scottish footballer and manager
1949 – Patrick Duffy , American actor, director, and producer1949 – Pat Rice , Irish footballer and coach
1949 – Stuart Rose , English businessman
1951 – Scott Gorham , American singer-songwriter and guitarist1951 – Craig Ramsay , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1951 – Kurt Russell , American actor and producer
1952 – Barry Horne , English activist (d. 2001)1953 – Filemon Lagman , Filipino activist (d. 2001)1953 – Chuck Muncie , American football player (d. 2013)
1954 – Lesley-Anne Down , English actress1955 – Cynthia McKinney , American activist and politician1955 – Paul Overstreet , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1955 – Gary Sinise , American actor, director, and bass player
1956 – Patrick McDonnell , American author and illustrator1956 – Rory McGrath , British comedian, television personality, and writer
1957 – Michael Kelly , American journalist and author (d. 2003)1958 – Christian Clemenson , American actor1959 – Danny Ainge , American baseball and basketball player1959 – Paul Black , American singer-songwriter and drummer
1960 – Arye Gross , American actor1960 – Vicki Lewis , American actress and singer
1961 – Sam Bowie , American basketball player1961 – Dana Reeve , American actress, singer, and activist (d. 2006)
1961 – Casey Siemaszko , American actor
1962 – Carsten Almqvist , Swedish business executive1962 – Ank Bijleveld , Dutch politician
1962 – Janet Gardner , American singer and guitarist
1962 – Clare Grogan , Scottish singer and actress
1962 – Rob Sitch , Australian actor, director, and producer
1963 – Roger Harper , Guyanese cricketer and coach1964 – Stefano Borgonovo , Italian footballer (d. 2013)1964 – Lee Dixon , English footballer and journalist
1964 – Rob Lowe , American actor and producer
1964 – Jacques Songo'o , Cameroonian footballer and coach
1965 – Andrew Hudson , South African cricketer1966 – Andrew Rosindell , English journalist and politician1967 – Jason Alchin , Australian rugby league player1967 – Billy Corgan , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, pianist, and producer
1967 – Barry Minkow , American pastor and businessman
1968 – Eri Nitta , Japanese singer-songwriter and actress1968 – Mathew St. Patrick , American actor and producer
1969 – Edgar Grospiron , French skier1969 – Alexander McQueen , English fashion designer, founded own eponymous brand (d. 2010)
1970 – Patrick Lebeau , Canadian ice hockey player1970 – Gene Ween , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1970 – Darren Kenny , British Paralympic cyclist[23]
1971 – Bill Mueller , American baseball player and coach1972 – Melissa Auf der Maur , Canadian-American singer-songwriter and bass player1972 – Torquil Campbell , English-Canadian singer-songwriter and actor
1972 – Mia Hamm , American soccer player
1973 – Rico Blanco , Filipino singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor1973 – Caroline Corr , Irish singer and drummer
1973 – Vance Wilson , American baseball player and manager
1974 – Mark Dolan , English comedian and television host1975 – Justin Hawkins , English singer-songwriter1975 – Puneeth Rajkumar , Indian actor, singer, and producer
1975 – Test , Canadian-American wrestler (d. 2009)
1975 – Natalie Zea , American actress
1976 – Scott Downs , American baseball player1976 – Stephen Gately , Irish singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2009)
1976 – Álvaro Recoba , Uruguayan footballer
1977 – Tamar Braxton , American singer-songwriter and actress1978 – Zachery Kouwe , American journalist1979 – Stormy Daniels (born Stephanie Gregory), American adult film actress1979 – Andrew Ference , Canadian ice hockey player
1979 – Stephen Kramer Glickman , Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and fashion designer
1979 – Mineko Nomachi , Japanese essayist
1979 – Samoa Joe , American professional wrestler
1980 – Danny Califf , American soccer player1980 – Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi , Pakistani tennis player
1981 – Aaron Baddeley , American-Australian golfer1981 – Servet Çetin , Turkish footballer
1981 – Kyle Korver , American basketball player
1981 – Nicky Jam , American-Puerto-Rican singer and songwriter[24]
1982 – Steven Pienaar , South African footballer1983 – James Heath , English golfer1983 – Raul Meireles , Portuguese footballer
1983 – Attila Vajda , Hungarian sprint canoeist[25]
1984 – Ryan Rottman , American actor, producer, and screenwriter1985 – Tuğba Karademir , Turkish-Canadian figure skater1986 – Chris Davis , American baseball player1986 – Edin Džeko , Bosnian footballer
1986 – Miles Kane , English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1986 – Silke Spiegelburg , German pole vaulter
1987 – Federico Fazio , Argentinian international footballer, centre back[26] 1987 – Krisnan Inu , New Zealand rugby league player
1987 – Ryan Parent , Canadian ice hockey player
1987 – Bobby Ryan , American ice hockey player
1987 – Emmanuel Sanders , American football player[27]
1988 – Rasmus Elm , Swedish footballer1988 – Fraser Forster , English footballer
1988 – Grimes , Canadian artist, musician and music video director
1988 – Ryan White , Canadian ice hockey player
1989 – Shinji Kagawa , Japanese footballer1990 – Hozier , Irish singer-songwriter and musician1990 – Saina Nehwal , Indian badminton player
1991 – Jack De Belin , Australian rugby league player1992 – Patrick Cantlay , American golfer1992 – John Boyega , English actor
1993 – Matteo Bianchetti , Italian footballer1994 – Dean Britt , Australian rugby league player1995 – Ashley Taylor , Australian rugby league player1997 – Katie Ledecky , American swimmerPre-1600 [ edit ] 0 0 45 BC – Titus Labienus , Roman general (b. 100 BC)0 0 45 BC – Publius Attius Varus , Roman governor of Africa0 180 – Marcus Aurelius , Roman emperor (b. 121)0 624 – Amr ibn Hishām , Arab polytheist0 659 – Gertrude of Nivelles , Frankish abbess0 836 – Haito , bishop of Basel0 905 – Li Yu, Prince of De , prince and emperor of the Tang Dynasty1008 – Kazan , emperor of Japan (b. 968)1040 – Harold Harefoot , king of England[28] 1058 – Lulach , king of Scotland1199 – Jocelin of Glasgow , Scottish monk and bishop (b. 1130)1267 – Pierre de Montreuil , French architect1270 – Philip of Montfort , French knight and nobleman1272 – Go-Saga , emperor of Japan (b. 1220)1361 – An-Nasir Hasan , Mamluk sultan of Egypt1394 – Louis of Enghien , French nobleman1406 – Ibn Khaldun , Tunisian sociologist, historian, and scholar (b. 1332)1425 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu , Japanese shōgun (b. 1407)1516 – Giuliano de' Medici , Italian nobleman (b. 1479)1527 – Rana Sanga , Indian ruler (b. 1482)1565 – Alexander Ales , Scottish theologian and academic (b. 1500)1601–1900 [ edit ] 1611 – Sophia of Sweden , duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1547)1620 – John Sarkander , Polish-Moravian priest and saint (b. 1576)1640 – Philip Massinger , English playwright (b. 1583)1649 – Gabriel Lalemant , French missionary and saint (b. 1610)1663 – Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland , English diplomat (b. 1605)1680 – François de La Rochefoucauld , French author (b. 1613)1704 – Menno van Coehoorn , Dutch soldier and engineer (b. 1641)1715 – Gilbert Burnet , Scottish bishop and historian (b. 1643)1741 – Jean-Baptiste Rousseau , French poet and playwright (b. 1671)1764 – George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield , English astronomer and politician (b. 1695)1782 – Daniel Bernoulli , Dutch-Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1700)1828 – James Edward Smith , English botanist and entomologist (b. 1759)1829 – Sophia Albertina , princess-abbess of Quedlinburg (b. 1753)1830 – Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr , French general and politician (b. 1764)1846 – Friedrich Bessel , German astronomer, mathematician, and physicist (b. 1784)1849 – William II , Dutch sovereign prince and king (b. 1792)1853 – Christian Doppler , Austrian physicist and mathematician (b. 1803)1871 – Robert Chambers , Scottish geologist and publisher, co-founded Chambers Harrap (b. 1802)1875 – Ferdinand Laub , Czech violinist and composer (b. 1832)1893 – Jules Ferry , French lawyer and politician, 44th Prime Minister of France (b. 1832)1901–2000 [ edit ] 1917 – Franz Brentano , German philosopher and psychologist (b. 1838)1926 – Aleksei Brusilov , Georgian-Russian general (b. 1853)1940 – Philomène Belliveau , Canadian artist (b. 1854)1946 – Dai Li , Chinese general (b. 1897)1949 – Aleksandra Ekster , Russian-French painter and set designer (b. 1882)1956 – Fred Allen , American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and author (b. 1894)1956 – Irène Joliot-Curie , French physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
1957 – Ramon Magsaysay , Filipino captain and politician, 7th President of the Philippines (b. 1907)1958 – John Pius Boland , Irish tennis player and politician (b. 1870)1958 – Bertha De Vriese , Belgian physician (b. 1877)
1961 – Susanna M. Salter , American activist and politician (b. 1860)1965 – Amos Alonzo Stagg , American football player and coach (b. 1862)1974 – Louis Kahn , American architect and academic, designed Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban (b. 1901)1976 – Luchino Visconti , Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1906)1981 – Paul Dean , American baseball player (b. 1913)1983 – Haldan Keffer Hartline , American physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)1983 – Louisa E. Rhine , American botanist and parapsychologist (b. 1891)
1986 – Clarence D. Lester , African-American fighter pilot (b.1923)1990 – Capucine , French model and actress (b. 1928)1992 – Grace Stafford , American actress (b. 1903)1993 – Helen Hayes , American actress (b. 1900)1994 – Charlotte Auerbach , German-Jewish Scottish folklorist, geneticist, and zoologist (b. 1899)[29] 1994 – Mai Zetterling , Swedish-English actress and director (b. 1925)
1996 – René Clément , French director and screenwriter (b. 1913)1996 – Terry Stafford , American singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
1997 – Jermaine Stewart , American singer-songwriter and dancer (b. 1957)1999 – Ernest Gold , Austrian-American composer (b. 1921)1999 – Jean Pierre-Bloch , French activist (b. 1905) 2001–present [ edit ] 2002 – Rosetta LeNoire , American actress and producer (b. 1911)2002 – Văn Tiến Dũng , Vietnamese general and politician, 6th Minister of Defence for Vietnam (b. 1917)
2002 – Sylvester "Pat" Weaver , American television broadcaster and producer (b. 1908)
2005 – Royce Frith , Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat, Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (b. 1923)2005 – George F. Kennan , American historian and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (b. 1904)
2005 – Andre Norton , American author (b. 1912)
2006 – Oleg Cassini , French-American fashion designer (b. 1913)2006 – Ray Meyer , American basketball player and coach (b. 1913)
2006 – İstemihan Taviloğlu , Turkish composer and educator (b. 1945)
2007 – John Backus , American mathematician and computer scientist, designed Fortran (b. 1924)2008 – Roland Arnall , French-American businessman and diplomat, 63rd United States Ambassador to the Netherlands (b. 1939)2009 – Clodovil Hernandes , Brazilian television host and politician (b. 1937)2010 – Alex Chilton , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1950)2010 – Sid Fleischman , American author and screenwriter (b. 1920)
2011 – Michael Gough , English actor (b. 1916)2011 – Ferlin Husky , American country music singer (b. 1925)
2012 – Shenouda III , pope of Alexandria (b. 1923)2012 – Margaret Whitlam , Australian swimmer and author (b. 1919)
2013 – William B. Caldwell III , American general (b. 1925)2013 – Lawrence Fuchs , American scholar and academic (b. 1927)
2013 – A.B.C. Whipple , American journalist and historian (b. 1918)
2014 – Marek Galiński , Polish cyclist (b. 1974)2014 – Joseph Kerman , American musicologist and critic (b. 1924)
2014 – Rachel Lambert Mellon , American gardener, philanthropist, art collector and political patron (b. 1910)
2015 – Frank Perris , Canadian motorcycle racer (b. 1931)2016 – Meir Dagan , Israeli general (b. 1945)2016 – Zoltán Kamondi , Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1960)
2018 – Mike MacDonald , Canadian comedian (b. 1954)2018 – Phan Văn Khải , the fifth Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1933)
2021 – John Magufuli , the fifth President of Tanzania (b. 1959)Holidays and observances [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ William E. Dunstan (16 November 2010). Ancient Rome ISBN 978-0-7425-6834-1 ^ Philip Grierson; Melinda Mays (1992). Catalogue of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: From Arcadius and Honorius to the Accession of Anastasius ISBN 978-0-88402-193-3 ^ "Flashback in maritime history: SS Utopia collision with HMS Anson and sinking on 17 March 1891 – 562 fatalities" . maritimecyprus.com . Maritime Cyprus. 17 March 2018.^ Lawrence S. Kaplan. "Origins of NATO: 1948–1949" . law.emory.edu . Emory International Law Review. Retrieved 16 April 2020 . ^ Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1990). Journal of Glenn T. Seaborg, 1946-1958: January 1, 1950-December 31, 1950 ^ "Vanguard 1" . NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive . NASA . Retrieved 16 April 2020 .^ "Syria's Kurds declare de-facto federal region in north" . Associated Press. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017 .^ Hopkins Porter, Cecelia (2014). Five Lives in Music: Women Performers, Composers, and Impresarios from the Baroque to the Present . Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-25208-009-8 ^ Bernce, Arvid (1981). Efter 1809 en Krönika i ord och bild om Finlandssvenskarna (in Swedish). Helsingfors: Bernces förlag. p. 2003. ISBN 978-9-15000-408-3 ^ Reynolds, Moira Davison (2004). American Women Scientists: 23 Inspiring Biographies, 1900-2000 . Jefferson NC: McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-78642-161-9 ^ Bevan, Frances (2019), "New, Edith Bessie" , Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford: Oxford University Press, doi :10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.56249 , retrieved 6 March 2021 ^ Duncan Ross McLarty (Liberal) 1 April 1947 to 23 February 1953 ^ Staff (September 15, 1921). "Jamestown College Fall Semester Begins Sept. 20" . Jamestown Weekly Alert . Retrieved April 9, 2021.
^ Staff (September 24, 1921). "27 Men Are Out at Jamestown" . The Bismark Tribune . Retrieved April 9, 2021.
^ Staff (October 8, 1921). "Jamestown Will Play Here Today" . Grand Forks Herald . Retrieved April 9, 2021.
^ United States Social Security Death Index . FamilySearch . Retrieved April 9, 2021.^ Smallwood, Bill. "Delightful Side" . Los Angeles Sentinel . March 6, 1947. Page 17.
^ "IN MEMORIAM Ida Kleijnen (1936-2019)" . Chapeau Magazine (in Dutch). 17 January 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020 .^ "Midfielders Dennis Bond" . watfordfc.com . Retrieved 11 March 2020 .^ "Darren Kenny: Rider Profile" . 11 February 2020. Retrieved 18 Dec 2020 .^ Carter, Brooke (April 24, 2017). "Nicky Jam Net Worth 2018 - How Wealthy is the Puerto Rican Superstar?" . ^ "Attila Vajda" . International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 19 April 2020 .^ "Federico Fazio" . soccerbase.com . Retrieved 11 March 2020 .^ "Emmanuel Sanders" . NFL.com . Retrieved 16 March 2020 .^ "Harold I | king of England" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 15 March 2021 .^ Haines, Catharine M. C. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950 . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1
Bibliography [ edit ] Ibn Khaldun (1952). Ibn Khaldūn and Tamerlane: Their Historic Meeting in Damascus, 1401 A.d. (803 A. H.) A Study Based on Arabic Manuscripts of Ibn Khaldūn's "Autobiography," . Translated by Walter Joseph Fischel. University of California Press.Shattock, Joanne (1993). The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19214-176-7 External links [ edit ]
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