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Day of the year
August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 132 days remain until the end of the year.
Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601-1900 [ edit ] 1680 – Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from the Spanish during the Pueblo Revolt .1689 – The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland.[4] 1716 – Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War : The arrival of naval reinforcements and the news of the Battle of Petrovaradin force the Ottomans to abandon the Siege of Corfu , thus preserving the Ionian Islands under Venetian rule .[5] 1770 – James Cook formally claims eastern Australia for Great Britain , naming it New South Wales .1772 – King Gustav III completes his coup d'état by adopting a new Constitution , ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing himself as an enlightened despot .1778 – American Revolutionary War : British forces begin besieging the French outpost at Pondichéry .1791 – A Vodou ceremony , led by Dutty Boukman , turns into a violent slave rebellion, beginning the Haitian Revolution .1808 – Battle of Vimeiro : British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro , Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War .1810 – Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte , Marshal of France , is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates .1821 – Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the ship, Eliza Frances .1831 – Nat Turner leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia , which will claim the lives of 55 to 65 whites and about twice that number of blacks.[6] 1852 – Tlingit Indians destroy Fort Selkirk , Yukon Territory .1858 – The first of the Lincoln–Douglas debates is held in Ottawa, Illinois .[7] 1863 – Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by pro-Confederate guerrillas known as Quantrill's Raiders .1883 – An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota , leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic .1888 – The first successful adding machine in the United States is patented by William Seward Burroughs .1901-present [ edit ] 1901 – Six hundred American school teachers, Thomasites , arrived in Manila on the USAT Thomas .1911 – The Mona Lisa stolen by Vincenzo Peruggia , a Louvre employee.1914 – World War I : The Battle of Charleroi , a successful German attack across the River Sambre that pre-empted a French offensive in the same area.1918 – World War I: The Second Battle of the Somme begins.1942 – World War II : The Guadalcanal Campaign : American forces defeat an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru .1944 – Dumbarton Oaks Conference , prelude to the United Nations , begins.1944 – World War II: Canadian and Polish units capture the strategically important town of Falaise, Calvados , France.
1945 – Physicist Harry Daghlian is fatally irradiated in a criticality accident during an experiment with the Demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory .1957 – The Soviet Union successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the R-7 Semyorka , the first intercontinental ballistic missile .1959 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order proclaiming Hawaii the 50th state of the union. Hawaii's admission is currently commemorated by Hawaii Admission Day .1963 – Xá Lợi Pagoda raids : The Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to Ngô Đình Nhu , brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem , vandalizes Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead.1968 – Cold War : Nicolae Ceaușescu , leader of Communist Romania , publicly condemns the Soviet -led Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia , encouraging the Romanian population to arm itself against possible Soviet reprisals.1968 – James Anderson Jr. posthumously receives the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U.S. Marine .
1971 – A bomb exploded in the Liberal Party campaign rally in Plaza Miranda , Manila , Philippines with several anti-Marcos political candidates injured.1982 – Lebanese Civil War : The first troops of a multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the Palestine Liberation Organization 's withdrawal from Lebanon .1983 – Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. is assassinated at Manila International Airport (now renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport 1986 – Carbon dioxide gas erupts from volcanic Lake Nyos in Cameroon , killing up to 1,800 people within a 20-kilometer range.1988 – The 6.9 Mw Nepal earthquake shakes the Nepal–India border with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe ), leaving 709–1,450 people killed and thousands injured.1991 – Latvia declares renewal of its full independence after its occupation by the Soviet Union since 1940.[8] 1991 – Coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev collapses.
1993 – NASA loses contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft.1994 – Royal Air Maroc Flight 630 crashes in Douar Izounine, Morocco , killing all 44 people on board.[9] 1995 – Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529 , an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia , attempts to divert to West Georgia Regional Airport after the left engine fails, but the aircraft crashes in Carroll County near Carrollton, Georgia , killing nine of the 29 people on board.[10] 2000 – Tiger Woods , American professional golfer, wins the 82nd PGA Championship and becomes the first golfer since Ben Hogan in 1953 to win three majors in a calendar year.2013 – Hundreds of people are reported killed by chemical attacks in the Ghouta region of Syria .2017 – A solar eclipse traverses the continental United States .Pre-1600 [ edit ] 1601-1900 [ edit ] 1625 – John Claypole , English politician (d. 1688)1643 – Afonso VI of Portugal (d. 1683)1660 – Hubert Gautier , French mathematician and engineer (d. 1737)1665 – Giacomo F. Maraldi , French-Italian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1729)1670 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick , French general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (d. 1734)1725 – Jean-Baptiste Greuze , French painter and educator (d. 1805)1754 – William Murdoch , Scottish engineer and inventor, created gas lighting (d. 1839)1754 – Banastre Tarleton , English general and politician (d. 1833)
1765 – William IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1837)1789 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy , French mathematician and academic (d. 1857)1798 – Jules Michelet , French historian and philosopher (d. 1874)1800 – Hiram Walden , American general and politician (d. 1880)1801 – Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer , Dutch historian and politician (d. 1876)1813 – Jean Stas , Belgian chemist and physician (d. 1891)1816 – Charles Frédéric Gerhardt , French chemist and academic (d. 1856)1823 – Nathaniel Everett Green , English painter and astronomer (d. 1899)1826 – Karl Gegenbaur , German anatomist and academic (d. 1903)1829 – Otto Goldschmidt , German composer, conductor and pianist (d. 1907)1840 – Ferdinand Hamer , Dutch bishop and missionary (d. 1900)1851 – Charles Barrois , French geologist and palaeontologist (d. 1939)[11] 1856 – Medora de Vallombrosa, Marquise de Morès , American heiress (d. 1921)1858 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria , (d. 1889)1862 – Emilio Salgari , Italian journalist and author (d. 1911)1869 – William Henry Ogilvie , Scottish-Australian poet and author (d. 1963)1872 – Aubrey Beardsley , English author and illustrator (d. 1898)1878 – Richard Girulatis , German footballer and manager (d. 1963)1879 – Claude Grahame-White , English pilot and engineer (d. 1959)1884 – Chandler Egan , American golfer and architect (d. 1936)1885 – Édouard Fabre , Canadian runner (d. 1939)1886 – Ruth Manning-Sanders , Welsh-English author and poet (d. 1988)1887 – James Paul Moody , English sailor (d. 1912)1891 – Emiliano Mercado del Toro , Puerto Rican-American soldier (d. 2007)1892 – Charles Vanel , French actor and director (d. 1989)1894 – Christian Schad , German painter (d. 1982)1895 – Blossom Rock , American actress (d. 1978)1897 – Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott , Scottish soldier and peer (d. 1966)1901-present [ edit ] 1902 – Angel Karaliychev , Bulgarian author (d. 1972)1903 – Kostas Giannidis , Greek pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1984)1904 – Count Basie , American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1984)1905 – Bipin Gupta , Indian actor and producer (d. 1981)1906 – Friz Freleng , American animator, director, and producer (d. 1995)1907 – P. Jeevanandham , Indian lawyer and politician (d. 1963)1909 – Nikolay Bogolyubov , Russian mathematician and physicist (d. 1992)1912 – Toe Blake , Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1995)1914 – Doug Wright , English cricketer and coach (d. 1998)1916 – Bill Lee , American actor and singer (d. 1980)1916 – Consuelo Velázquez , Mexican pianist and songwriter (d. 2005)
1917 – Leonid Hurwicz , Russian economist and mathematician (d. 2008)1918 – Billy Reay , Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2004)1921 – Reuven Feuerstein , Romanian-Israeli psychologist and academic (d. 2014)1922 – Albert Irvin , English soldier and painter (d. 2015)1923 – Keith Allen , Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2014)1924 – Jack Buck , American sportscaster (d. 2002)1924 – Jack Weston , American actor (d. 1996)
1926 – Can Yücel , Turkish poet and translator (d. 1999)1927 – Thomas S. Monson , American religious leader, 16th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 2018)1928 – Addison Farmer , American bassist (d. 1963)1928 – Art Farmer , American trumpet player and composer (d. 1999)
1928 – Bud McFadin , American football player (d. 2006)
1929 – Herman Badillo , Puerto Rican-American lawyer and politician (d. 2014)1929 – X. J. Kennedy , American poet, translator, anthologist, editor
1929 – Ahmed Kathrada , South African politician and political prisoner (d. 2017)
1930 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002)1930 – Frank Perry , American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995)
1932 – Menashe Kadishman , Israeli sculptor and painter (d. 2015)1932 – Melvin Van Peebles , American actor, director, and screenwriter
1933 – Janet Baker , English soprano and educator1933 – Michael Dacher , German mountaineer (d. 1994)
1933 – Barry Norman , English author and critic (d. 2017)
1933 – Erik Paaske , Danish actor and singer (d. 1992)
1934 – Sudhakarrao Naik , Indian lawyer and politician, 13th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 2001)1934 – Paul Panhuysen , Dutch composer (d. 2015)
1936 – Wilt Chamberlain , American basketball player and coach (d. 1999)1936 – Radish Tordia , Georgian painter and educator
1937 – Donald Dewar , Scottish lawyer and politician, 1st First Minister of Scotland (d. 2000)1937 – Gustavo Noboa , Ecuadorian academic and politician, 51st President of Ecuador (d. 2021)
1937 – Robert Stone , American novelist and short story writer (d. 2015)
1938 – Kenny Rogers , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (d. 2020)1938 – Mike Weston , English rugby player
1939 – James Burton , American Hall of Fame guitarist1939 – Festus Mogae , Botswana economist and politician, 3rd President of Botswana
1939 – Clarence Williams III , American actor (d. 2021)
1940 – Dominick Harrod , English journalist, historian, and author (d. 2013)1940 – Endre Szemerédi , Hungarian-American mathematician and computer scientist
1941 – Jackie DeShannon , American singer-songwriter1943 – Patrick Demarchelier , French photographer1943 – Jonathan Schell , American journalist and author (d. 2014)
1943 – Lucius Shepard , American author and critic (d. 2014)
1943 – Hugh Wilson , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2018)
1944 – Perry Christie , Bahamian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Bahamas 1944 – Peter Weir , Australian director, producer, and screenwriter
1945 – Basil Poledouris , Greek-American composer, conductor[12] 1945 – Celia Brayfield , English journalist and author
1945 – Jerry DaVanon , American baseball player
1945 – Willie Lanier , American football player
1945 – Patty McCormack , American actress
1947 – Carl Giammarese , American singer-songwriter and musician1949 – Loretta Devine , American actress and singer1949 – Daniel Sivan , Israeli scholar and academic
1950 – Patrick Juvet , Swiss singer-songwriter and model1951 – Eric Goles , Chilean mathematician and computer scientist1951 – Yana Mintoff , Maltese politician, economist and educator
1951 – Chesley V. Morton , American businessman and politician
1952 – Keith Hart , Canadian firefighter, wrestler, and trainer1952 – Jiří Paroubek , Czech soldier and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
1952 – Bernadette Porter , English nun and educator
1952 – Joe Strummer , English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
1953 – Ivan Stang , American author, publisher, and director1954 – Archie Griffin , American football player1954 – Steve Smith , American drummer
1954 – Mark Williams , New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter
1956 – Kim Cattrall , English-Canadian actress1956 – Jon Tester , American farmer and politician
1957 – Frank Pastore , American baseball player and radio host (d. 2012)1958 – Mark Williams , Australian footballer and coach1959 – Anne Hobbs , English tennis player and coach1959 – Jim McMahon , American football player and coach
1961 – Gerardo Barbero , Argentinian chess player and coach (d. 2001)1961 – V. B. Chandrasekhar , Indian cricketer and coach (d. 2019)
1961 – Stephen Hillenburg , American marine biologist, cartoonist, animator and creator of SpongeBob SquarePants (d. 2018)
1962 – John Korfas , Greek-American basketball player and coach1962 – Pete Weber , American bowler
1963 – Mohammed VI of Morocco , King of Morocco 1963 – Nigel Pearson , English footballer and manager
1964 – Gary Elkerton , Australian surfer1965 – Jim Bullinger , American baseball player1966 – John Wetteland , American baseball player and coach1967 – Darren Bewick , Australian footballer1967 – Charb , French journalist and cartoonist (d. 2015)
1967 – Carrie-Anne Moss , Canadian actress
1967 – Serj Tankian , Lebanese-born Armenian-American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer
1968 – Dina Carroll , English singer-songwriter1968 – Goran Ćurko , Serbian footballer
1968 – Laura Trevelyan , English journalist and author
1969 – Bruce Anstey , New Zealand motorcycle racer1969 – Josée Chouinard , Canadian figure skater
1970 – Craig Counsell , American baseball player and coach1970 – Erik Dekker , Dutch cyclist and manager
1970 – Cathy Weseluck , Canadian actress
1971 – Mamadou Diallo , Senegalese footballer1971 – Robert Harvey , Australian footballer and coach
1971 – Liam Howlett , English keyboard player, DJ, and producer
1973 – Sergey Brin , Russian-American computer scientist and businessman, co-founded Google 1973 – Steve McKenna , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1974 – Martin Andanar , Filipino journalist and radio host1974 – Paul Mellor , Australian rugby league player and referee
1975 – Simon Katich , Australian cricketer and manager1976 – Alex Brooks , American ice hockey player and scout1976 – Jeff Cunningham , Jamaican-American soccer player
1976 – Robert Miles , Australian rugby league player
1976 – Ramón Vázquez , Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
1978 – Peter Buxton , English rugby player and manager1978 – Reuben Droughns , American football player and coach
1978 – Lee Gronkiewicz , American baseball player and coach
1978 – Alan Lee , Irish footballer and coach
1978 – Jason Marquis , American baseball player
1979 – Kelis , American singer-songwriter, producer, chef and author1980 – Burney Lamar , American race car driver1980 – Paul Menard , American race car driver
1980 – Jasmin Wöhr , German tennis player
1981 – Jarrod Lyle , Australian golfer (d. 2018)1981 – Cameron Winklevoss , American rower and businessman, co-founded ConnectU
1981 – Tyler Winklevoss , American rower and businessman, co-founded ConnectU
1981 – Ross Thomas , American actor
1982 – Jason Eaton , New Zealand rugby player1982 – Omar Sachedina , Canadian television journalist, correspondent, and news anchor
1983 – Scott McDonald , Australian footballer1984 – Neil Dexter , South African cricketer1984 – Melvin Upton, Jr. , American baseball player
1985 – Nicolás Almagro , Spanish tennis player1985 – Aleksandra Kiryashova , Russian pole vaulter
1986 – Usain Bolt , Jamaican sprinter1986 – Wout Brama , Dutch footballer
1986 – Koki Sakamoto , Japanese gymnast
1988 – Robert Lewandowski , Polish footballer1988 – Kacey Musgraves , American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1989 – Charlison Benschop , Dutch footballer1989 – James Davey , English rugby league player
1989 – Matteo Gentili , Italian footballer
1989 – Hayden Panettiere , American actress
1989 – Aleix Vidal , Spanish footballer
1990 – Bo Burnham , American comedian, musician, actor, filmmaker and poet1991 – Leandro Bacuna , Dutch footballer1992 – Felipe Nasr , Brazilian race car driverPre-1600 [ edit ] 1601-1900 [ edit ] 1614 – Elizabeth Báthory , Hungarian countess and serial killer (b. 1560)1622 – Juan de Tassis, 2nd Count of Villamediana , Spanish poet and politician (b. 1582)1627 – Jacques Mauduit , French composer and academic (b. 1557)1673 – Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford , English soldier (b. 1599)1689 – William Cleland , Scottish poet and soldier (b. 1661)[4] 1762 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu , English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1689)1763 – Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont , English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1710)1775 – Zahir al-Umar , Arabian ruler (b. 1690)1796 – John McKinly , American physician and politician, 1st Governor of Delaware (b. 1721)1814 – Benjamin Thompson , American-English physicist and colonel (b. 1753)1835 – John MacCulloch , Scottish geologist and academic (b. 1773)1836 – Claude-Louis Navier , French physicist and engineer (b. 1785)1838 – Adelbert von Chamisso , German botanist and poet (b. 1781)1853 – Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon , French general (b. 1783)1854 – Thomas Clayton , American lawyer and politician (b. 1777)1867 – Juan Álvarez , Mexican general and president (1855) (b. 1790)[13] 1870 – Ma Xinyi , Chinese general and politician, Viceroy of Liangjiang (b. 1821)1888 – James Farnell , Australian politician, 8th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1825)1901-present [ edit ] 1905 – Alexander von Oettingen , Estonian theologian and statistician (b. 1827)1910 – Bertalan Székely , Hungarian painter and academic (b. 1835)1911 – Mahboob Ali Khan , 6th Nizam of Hyderabad State (b.1866)[14] 1919 – Laurence Doherty , English tennis player (b. 1875)1935 – John Hartley , English tennis player (b. 1849)1940 – Hermann Obrecht , Swiss lawyer and politician (b. 1882)1940 – Ernest Thayer , American poet and author (b. 1863)
1940 – Leon Trotsky , Russian theorist and politician, founded the Red Army (b. 1879)
1943 – Henrik Pontoppidan , Danish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)1947 – Ettore Bugatti , Italian-French engineer and businessman, founded Bugatti (b. 1881)1951 – Constant Lambert , English composer and conductor (b. 1905)1957 – Mait Metsanurk , Estonian author and playwright (b. 1879)1957 – Nels Stewart , Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
1957 – Harald Sverdrup , Norwegian meteorologist and oceanographer (b. 1888)
1960 – David B. Steinman , American engineer, designed the Mackinac Bridge (b. 1886)1964 – Palmiro Togliatti , Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Justice (b. 1893)1968 – Germaine Guèvremont , Canadian journalist and author (b. 1893)[15] 1971 – George Jackson , American activist and author, co-founded the Black Guerrilla Family (b. 1941)1974 – Buford Pusser , American police officer (b. 1937)1974 – Kirpal Singh , Indian spiritual master (b. 1894)
1978 – Charles Eames , American architect, co-designed the Eames House (b. 1907)1979 – Giuseppe Meazza , Italian footballer and manager (b. 1910)1981 – Kaka Kalelkar , Indian Hindi Writer(B.1885)1983 – Benigno Aquino Jr. , Filipino journalist and politician (b. 1932)1988 – Teodoro de Villa Diaz , Filipino guitarist and songwriter (b. 1963)1988 – Ray Eames , American architect, co-designed the Eames House (b. 1912)
1989 – Raul Seixas , Brazilian singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1945)1993 – Tatiana Troyanos , American soprano and actress (b. 1938)1995 – Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar , Indian-American astrophysicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)1995 – Chuck Stevenson , American race car driver (b. 1919)
1996 – Mary Two-Axe Earley , Canadian indigenous women's rights activist (b. 1911)[16] 2000 – Tomata du Plenty , American singer-songwriter and playwright (b. 1948)2000 – Daniel Lisulo , Zambian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Zambia (b. 1930)
2000 – Andrzej Zawada , Polish mountaineer and author (b. 1928)
2001 – Calum MacKay , Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1927)2003 – John Coplans , British artist (b. 1920)2003 – Kathy Wilkes , English philosopher and academic (b. 1946)
2004 – Sachidananda Routray , Indian Oriya-language poet (b. 1916)2005 – Martin Dillon , American tenor and educator (b. 1957)2005 – Robert Moog , American businessman, founded Moog Music (b. 1934)
2005 – Dahlia Ravikovitch , Israeli poet and translator (b. 1936)
2005 – Marcus Schmuck , Austrian mountaineer (b. 1925)2006 – Bismillah Khan , Indian musician, Bharat ratna awardi (b. 1916)2006 – Paul Fentener van Vlissingen , Dutch businessman and philanthropist (b. 1941)2007 – Siobhan Dowd , British author (b. 1960)2007 – Elizabeth P. Hoisington , American general (b. 1918)
2008 – Jerry Finn , American engineer and producer (b. 1969)2009 – Rex Shelley , Singaporean engineer and author (b. 1930)2010 – Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill , Argentinean sociologist and author (b. 1941)2012 – Georg Leber , German soldier and politician, Federal Minister of Defence for Germany (b. 1920)2012 – J. Frank Raley Jr. , American soldier and politician (b. 1926)
2012 – Don Raleigh , Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1926)
2012 – Guy Spitaels , Belgian academic and politician, 7th Minister-President of Wallonia (b. 1931)
2012 – William Thurston , American mathematician and academic (b. 1946)
2013 – Jean Berkey , American lawyer and politician (b. 1938)2013 – Sid Bernstein , American record producer (b. 1918)
2013 – C. Gordon Fullerton , American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1936)
2013 – Fred Martin , Scottish footballer (b. 1929)
2013 – Enos Nkala , Zimbabwean politician, Zimbabwean Minister of Defence (b. 1932)
2014 – Gerry Anderson , Irish radio and television host (b. 1944)2014 – Helen Bamber , English psychotherapist and academic (b. 1925)
2014 – Steven R. Nagel , American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (b. 1946)
2014 – Jean Redpath , Scottish singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
2014 – Albert Reynolds , Irish businessman and politician, 9th Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1932)
2015 – Colin Beyer , New Zealand lawyer and businessman (b. 1938)2015 – Wang Dongxing , Chinese commander and politician (b. 1916)
2015 – Jimmy Evert , American tennis player and coach (b. 1924)
2017 – Bajram Rexhepi , First Kosovan Prime Ministers of UN mission administration in Kosovo (b. 1954)2018 – Stefán Karl Stefánsson , Icelandic actor and singer (b. 1975)[17] 2019 – Celso Piña , Mexican singer, composer, arranger, and accordionist (b. 1953)[18] Holidays and observances [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ Kan'ichi Asakawa (1965). 荘園硏究: Studies ^ Frank Northen Magill; Alison Aves (1998). Dictionary of World Biography: The Middle Ages ISBN 978-1-57958-041-4 ^ Aileen Gallagher (2003). Prince Henry, the Navigator: Pioneer of Modern Exploration ISBN 978-0-8239-3621-2 ^ a b Historic Environment Scotland . "Battle of Dunkeld (BTL32)" . Retrieved 19 June 2020 .^ Chasiotis, Ioannis (1975). "Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως" [The decline of Ottoman power]. Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ′: Ο ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία, 1669–1821 [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under foreign rule, 1669–1821 ] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 8–51. ^ "August 21, 1831 – Nat Turner Begins his Slave Exodus" . This Day in Alternate History . August 21, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2019 .^ "First Debate: Ottawa, Illinois." NPS.gov . 21 August 2019.^ "Latvia | History - Geography" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 17 June 2020 .^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident ATR 42-312 CN-CDT Tizounine" . aviation-safety.net . Retrieved 2019-08-01 . ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Embraer EMB-120ER Brasilia N256AS Carrollton, GA" . aviation-safety.net . Retrieved 2019-07-25 . ^ "Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Biographical Index Part One" (PDF) . p. 62. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-19. Retrieved 2015-03-30 .^ Nelson, Valerie J. (2006-11-10). "Basil Poledouris, 61; film composer known for his bold sounds" . Los Angeles Times . ISSN 0458-3035 . Retrieved 2018-11-13 . ^ "JUAN ÁLVAREZ" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019 .^ "Hyderabad remembers Mahbub Ali Pasha" . Retrieved 1 July 2020 .^ Kuiper, Kathleen (1995). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature . Springfield: Merriam-Webster. p. 498. ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6 ^ Robinson, Amanda (March 23, 2017). "Mary Two-Axe Earley" . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Retrieved 2020-09-06 . ^ Þórarinn Þórarinsson (21 August 2018). "Stefán Karl Stefánsson er látinn" . Fréttablaðið . Retrieved 21 August 2018 . ^ "Fallece Celso Piña, 'El rebelde del acordeón' " [Celso Piña, 'the Rebel of the Accordion,' dies], La Jornanda (in Spanish), August 21, 2019, retrieved August 21, 2019
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