Configure Hugo

Configuration File

Hugo uses the config.toml, config.yaml, or config.json (if found in the site root) as the default site config file.

The user can choose to override that default with one or more site config files using the command line --config switch.

Examples:

hugo --config debugconfig.toml
hugo --config a.toml,b.toml,c.toml

Configuration Directory

In addition to using a single site config file, one can use the configDir directory (default to config/) to maintain easier organization and environment specific settings.

Each file represents a configuration root object, such as Params, Menus, Languages etc…
Each directory holds a group of files containing settings unique to an environment.
Files can be localized to become language specific.

├── config
│   ├── _default
│   │   ├── config.toml
│   │   ├── languages.toml
│   │   ├── menus.en.toml
│   │   ├── menus.zh.toml
│   │   └── params.toml
│   ├── production
│   │   ├── config.toml
│   │   └── params.toml
│   └── staging
│       ├── config.toml
│       └── params.toml

Considering the structure above, when running hugo --environment staging, Hugo will use every settings from config/_default and merge staging’s on top of those.

All Configuration Settings

The following is the full list of Hugo-defined variables with their default value in parentheses. Users may choose to override those values in their site config file(s).

archetypeDir (“archetypes”): The directory where Hugo finds archetype files (content templates). Also see Module Mounts Config for an alternative way to configure this directory (from Hugo 0.56).
assetDir (“assets”): The directory where Hugo finds asset files used in Hugo Pipes. Also see Module Mounts Config for an alternative way to configure this directory (from Hugo 0.56).
baseURL: Hostname (and path) to the root, e.g. https://bep.is/
blackfriday: See Configure Blackfriday
build: See Configure Build
buildDrafts (false): Include drafts when building.
buildExpired (false): Include content already expired.
buildFuture (false): Include content with publishdate in the future.
caches: See Configure File Caches
canonifyURLs (false): Enable to turn relative URLs into absolute.
contentDir (“content”): The directory from where Hugo reads content files. Also see Module Mounts Config for an alternative way to configure this directory (from Hugo 0.56).
dataDir (“data”): The directory from where Hugo reads data files. Also see Module Mounts Config for an alternative way to configure this directory (from Hugo 0.56).
defaultContentLanguage (“en”): Content without language indicator will default to this language.
defaultContentLanguageInSubdir (false): Render the default content language in subdir, e.g. content/en/. The site root / will then redirect to /en/.
disableAliases (false): Will disable generation of alias redirects. Note that even if disableAliases is set, the aliases themselves are preserved on the page. The motivation with this is to be able to generate 301 redirects in an .htaccess, a Netlify _redirects file or similar using a custom output format.
disableHugoGeneratorInject (false): Hugo will, by default, inject a generator meta tag in the HTML head on the home page only. You can turn it off, but we would really appreciate if you don’t, as this is a good way to watch Hugo’s popularity on the rise.
disableKinds ([]): Enable disabling of all pages of the specified Kinds. Allowed values in this list: "page", "home", "section", "taxonomy", "term", "RSS", "sitemap", "robotsTXT", "404".
disableLiveReload (false): Disable automatic live reloading of browser window.
disablePathToLower (false): Do not convert the url/path to lowercase.
enableEmoji (false): Enable Emoji emoticons support for page content; see the Emoji Cheat Sheet.
enableGitInfo (false): Enable .GitInfo object for each page (if the Hugo site is versioned by Git). This will then update the Lastmod parameter for each page using the last git commit date for that content file.
enableInlineShortcodes (false): Enable inline shortcode support. See Inline Shortcodes.
enableMissingTranslationPlaceholders (false): Show a placeholder instead of the default value or an empty string if a translation is missing.
enableRobotsTXT (false): Enable generation of robots.txt file.
frontmatter: See Front matter Configuration.
footnoteAnchorPrefix (""): Prefix for footnote anchors.
footnoteReturnLinkContents (""): Text to display for footnote return links.
googleAnalytics (""): Google Analytics tracking ID.
hasCJKLanguage (false): If true, auto-detect Chinese/Japanese/Korean Languages in the content. This will make .Summary and .WordCount behave correctly for CJK languages.
imaging: See Image Processing Config.
languages: See Configure Languages.
languageCode (""): The site’s language code. It is used in the default RSS template and can be useful for multi-lingual sites.
languageName (""): The site’s language name.
disableLanguages: See Disable a Language
layoutDir (“layouts”): The directory from where Hugo reads layouts (templates).
log (false): Enable logging.
logFile (""): Log File path (if set, logging enabled automatically).
markup: See Configure Markup.
menu: See Add Non-content Entries to a Menu.
minify: See Configure Minify
module: Module config see Module Config.
newContentEditor (""): The editor to use when creating new content.
noChmod (false): Don’t sync permission mode of files.
noTimes (false): Don’t sync modification time of files.
paginate (10): Default number of elements per page in pagination.
paginatePath (“page”): The path element used during pagination (https://example.com/page/2).
permalinks: See Content Management.
pluralizeListTitles (true): Pluralize titles in lists.
publishDir (“public”): The directory to where Hugo will write the final static site (the HTML files etc.).
related: See Related Content.
relativeURLs (false): Enable this to make all relative URLs relative to content root. Note that this does not affect absolute URLs.
refLinksErrorLevel (“ERROR”): When using ref or relref to resolve page links and a link cannot resolved, it will be logged with this logg level. Valid values are ERROR (default) or WARNING. Any ERROR will fail the build (exit -1).
refLinksNotFoundURL: URL to be used as a placeholder when a page reference cannot be found in ref or relref. Is used as-is.
rssLimit (unlimited): Maximum number of items in the RSS feed.
sectionPagesMenu (""): See “Section Menu for Lazy Bloggers”.
sitemap: Default sitemap configuration.
staticDir (“static”): A directory or a list of directories from where Hugo reads static files. Also see Module Mounts Config for an alternative way to configure this directory (from Hugo 0.56).
summaryLength (70): The length of text in words to show in a .Summary.
taxonomies: See Configure Taxonomies.
theme (""): Theme to use (located by default in /themes/THEMENAME/).
themesDir (“themes”): The directory where Hugo reads the themes from.
timeout (10000): Timeout for generating page contents, in milliseconds (defaults to 10 seconds). Note: this is used to bail out of recursive content generation, if your pages are slow to generate (e.g., because they require large image processing or depend on remote contents) you might need to raise this limit.
title (""): Site title.
titleCaseStyle (“AP”): See Configure Title Case
uglyURLs (false): When enabled, creates URL of the form /filename.html instead of /filename/.
verbose (false): Enable verbose output.
verboseLog (false): Enable verbose logging.
watch (false): Watch filesystem for changes and recreate as needed.

If you are developing your site on a *nix machine, here is a handy shortcut for finding a configuration option from the command line:

cd ~/sites/yourhugosite
hugo config | grep emoji

which shows output like

enableemoji: true

Configure Build

The build configuration section contains global build-related configuration options.

config.

build:
  useResourceCacheWhen: fallback
  writeStats: false

[build]
  useResourceCacheWhen = "fallback"
  writeStats = false

{
   "build": {
      "useResourceCacheWhen": "fallback",
      "writeStats": false
   }
}

useResourceCacheWhen: When to use the cached resources in /resources/_gen for PostCSS and ToCSS. Valid values are never, always and fallback. The last value means that the cache will be tried if PostCSS/extended version is not available.
writeStats: When enabled, a file named hugo_stats.json will be written to your project root with some aggregated data about the build, e.g. list of HTML entities published to be used to do CSS pruning. If you’re only using this for the production build, you should consider placing it below config/production. It’s also worth mentioning that, due to the nature of the partial server builds, new HTML entities will be added when you add or change them while the server is running, but the old values will not be removed until you restart the server or run a regular hugo build.

Configure Server

This is only relevant when running hugo server, and it allows to set HTTP headers during development, which allows you to test out your Content Security Policy and similar. The configuration format matches Netlify’s with slighly more powerful Glob matching:

config.

server:
  headers:
  - for: /**.html
    values:
      Content-Security-Policy: script-src localhost:1313
      Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
      X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
      X-Frame-Options: DENY
      X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block

[server]

  [[server.headers]]
    for = "/**.html"
    [server.headers.values]
      Content-Security-Policy = "script-src localhost:1313"
      Referrer-Policy = "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
      X-Content-Type-Options = "nosniff"
      X-Frame-Options = "DENY"
      X-XSS-Protection = "1; mode=block"

{
   "server": {
      "headers": [
         {
            "for": "/**.html",
            "values": {
               "Content-Security-Policy": "script-src localhost:1313",
               "Referrer-Policy": "strict-origin-when-cross-origin",
               "X-Content-Type-Options": "nosniff",
               "X-Frame-Options": "DENY",
               "X-XSS-Protection": "1; mode=block"
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

Since this is is “development only”, it may make sense to put it below the development environment:

config/development/server.

headers:
- for: /**.html
  values:
    Content-Security-Policy: script-src localhost:1313
    Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
    X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
    X-Frame-Options: DENY
    X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block

[[headers]]
  for = "/**.html"
  [headers.values]
    Content-Security-Policy = "script-src localhost:1313"
    Referrer-Policy = "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
    X-Content-Type-Options = "nosniff"
    X-Frame-Options = "DENY"
    X-XSS-Protection = "1; mode=block"

{
   "headers": [
      {
         "for": "/**.html",
         "values": {
            "Content-Security-Policy": "script-src localhost:1313",
            "Referrer-Policy": "strict-origin-when-cross-origin",
            "X-Content-Type-Options": "nosniff",
            "X-Frame-Options": "DENY",
            "X-XSS-Protection": "1; mode=block"
         }
      }
   ]
}

You can also specify simple redirects rules for the server. The syntax is again similar to Netlify’s.

Note that a status code of 200 will trigger a URL rewrite, which is what you want in SPA situations, e.g:

config/development/server.

redirects:
- from: /myspa/**
  status: 200
  to: /myspa/

[[redirects]]
  from = "/myspa/**"
  status = 200
  to = "/myspa/"

{
   "redirects": [
      {
         "from": "/myspa/**",
         "status": 200,
         "to": "/myspa/"
      }
   ]
}

Configure Title Case

Set titleCaseStyle to specify the title style used by the title template function and the automatic section titles in Hugo. It defaults to AP Stylebook for title casing, but you can also set it to Chicago or Go (every word starts with a capital letter).

Configuration Environment Variables

HUGO_NUMWORKERMULTIPLIER: Can be set to increase or reduce the number of workers used in parallel processing in Hugo. If not set, the number of logical CPUs will be used.

Configuration Lookup Order

Similar to the template lookup order, Hugo has a default set of rules for searching for a configuration file in the root of your website’s source directory as a default behavior:

./config.toml
./config.yaml
./config.json

In your config file, you can direct Hugo as to how you want your website rendered, control your website’s menus, and arbitrarily define site-wide parameters specific to your project.

Example Configuration

The following is a typical example of a configuration file. The values nested under params: will populate the .Site.Params variable for use in templates:

config.

baseURL: https://yoursite.example.com/
footnoteReturnLinkContents: ↩
params:
  AuthorName: Jon Doe
  GitHubUser: spf13
  ListOfFoo:
  - foo1
  - foo2
  SidebarRecentLimit: 5
  Subtitle: Hugo is Absurdly Fast!
permalinks:
  posts: /:year/:month/:title/
title: My Hugo Site

baseURL = "https://yoursite.example.com/"
footnoteReturnLinkContents = "↩"
title = "My Hugo Site"

[params]
  AuthorName = "Jon Doe"
  GitHubUser = "spf13"
  ListOfFoo = ["foo1", "foo2"]
  SidebarRecentLimit = 5
  Subtitle = "Hugo is Absurdly Fast!"

[permalinks]
  posts = "/:year/:month/:title/"

{
   "baseURL": "https://yoursite.example.com/",
   "footnoteReturnLinkContents": "↩",
   "params": {
      "AuthorName": "Jon Doe",
      "GitHubUser": "spf13",
      "ListOfFoo": [
         "foo1",
         "foo2"
      ],
      "SidebarRecentLimit": 5,
      "Subtitle": "Hugo is Absurdly Fast!"
   },
   "permalinks": {
      "posts": "/:year/:month/:title/"
   },
   "title": "My Hugo Site"
}

Configure with Environment Variables

In addition to the 3 config options already mentioned, configuration key-values can be defined through operating system environment variables.

For example, the following command will effectively set a website’s title on Unix-like systems:

$ env HUGO_TITLE="Some Title" hugo

This is really useful if you use a service such as Netlify to deploy your site. Look at the Hugo docs Netlify configuration file for an example.

Ignore Content Files When Rendering

The following statement inside ./config.toml will cause Hugo to ignore content files ending with .foo and .boo when rendering:

ignoreFiles = [ "\\.foo$", "\\.boo$" ]

The above is a list of regular expressions. Note that the backslash (\) character is escaped in this example to keep TOML happy.

Configure Front Matter

Configure Dates

Dates are important in Hugo, and you can configure how Hugo assigns dates to your content pages. You do this by adding a frontmatter section to your config.toml.

The default configuration is:

[frontmatter]
date = ["date", "publishDate", "lastmod"]
lastmod = [":git", "lastmod", "date", "publishDate"]
publishDate = ["publishDate", "date"]
expiryDate = ["expiryDate"]

If you, as an example, have a non-standard date parameter in some of your content, you can override the setting for date:

[frontmatter]
date = ["myDate", ":default"]

The :default is a shortcut to the default settings. The above will set .Date to the date value in myDate if present, if not we will look in date,publishDate, lastmod and pick the first valid date.

In the list to the right, values starting with “:” are date handlers with a special meaning (see below). The others are just names of date parameters (case insensitive) in your front matter configuration. Also note that Hugo have some built-in aliases to the above: lastmod => modified, publishDate => pubdate, published and expiryDate => unpublishdate. With that, as an example, using pubDate as a date in front matter, will, by default, be assigned to .PublishDate.

The special date handlers are:

:fileModTime: Fetches the date from the content file’s last modification timestamp.

An example:

[frontmatter]
lastmod = ["lastmod", ":fileModTime", ":default"]

The above will try first to extract the value for .Lastmod starting with the lastmod front matter parameter, then the content file’s modification timestamp. The last, :default should not be needed here, but Hugo will finally look for a valid date in :git, date and then publishDate.

:filename: Fetches the date from the content file’s filename. For example, 2018-02-22-mypage.md will extract the date 2018-02-22. Also, if slug is not set, mypage will be used as the value for .Slug.

An example:

[frontmatter]
date  = [":filename", ":default"]

The above will try first to extract the value for .Date from the filename, then it will look in front matter parameters date, publishDate and lastly lastmod.

:git: This is the Git author date for the last revision of this content file. This will only be set if --enableGitInfo is set or enableGitInfo = true is set in site config.

Configure Additional Output Formats

Hugo v0.20 introduced the ability to render your content to multiple output formats (e.g., to JSON, AMP html, or CSV). See Output Formats for information on how to add these values to your Hugo project’s configuration file.

Configure Minify

Default configuration:

config.

minify:
  disableCSS: false
  disableHTML: false
  disableJS: false
  disableJSON: false
  disableSVG: false
  disableXML: false
  minifyOutput: false
  tdewolff:
    css:
      decimals: -1
      keepCSS2: true
    html:
      keepConditionalComments: true
      keepDefaultAttrVals: true
      keepDocumentTags: true
      keepEndTags: true
      keepQuotes: false
      keepWhitespace: false
    js: {}
    json: {}
    svg:
      decimals: -1
    xml:
      keepWhitespace: false

[minify]
  disableCSS = false
  disableHTML = false
  disableJS = false
  disableJSON = false
  disableSVG = false
  disableXML = false
  minifyOutput = false
  [minify.tdewolff]
    [minify.tdewolff.css]
      decimals = -1
      keepCSS2 = true
    [minify.tdewolff.html]
      keepConditionalComments = true
      keepDefaultAttrVals = true
      keepDocumentTags = true
      keepEndTags = true
      keepQuotes = false
      keepWhitespace = false
    [minify.tdewolff.js]
    [minify.tdewolff.json]
    [minify.tdewolff.svg]
      decimals = -1
    [minify.tdewolff.xml]
      keepWhitespace = false

{
   "minify": {
      "disableCSS": false,
      "disableHTML": false,
      "disableJS": false,
      "disableJSON": false,
      "disableSVG": false,
      "disableXML": false,
      "minifyOutput": false,
      "tdewolff": {
         "css": {
            "decimals": -1,
            "keepCSS2": true
         },
         "html": {
            "keepConditionalComments": true,
            "keepDefaultAttrVals": true,
            "keepDocumentTags": true,
            "keepEndTags": true,
            "keepQuotes": false,
            "keepWhitespace": false
         },
         "js": {},
         "json": {},
         "svg": {
            "decimals": -1
         },
         "xml": {
            "keepWhitespace": false
         }
      }
   }
}

Configure File Caches

Since Hugo 0.52 you can configure more than just the cacheDir. This is the default configuration:

caches:
  assets:
    dir: :resourceDir/_gen
    maxAge: -1
  getcsv:
    dir: :cacheDir/:project
    maxAge: -1
  getjson:
    dir: :cacheDir/:project
    maxAge: -1
  images:
    dir: :resourceDir/_gen
    maxAge: -1
  modules:
    dir: :cacheDir/modules
    maxAge: -1

[caches]
  [caches.assets]
    dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
    maxAge = -1
  [caches.getcsv]
    dir = ":cacheDir/:project"
    maxAge = -1
  [caches.getjson]
    dir = ":cacheDir/:project"
    maxAge = -1
  [caches.images]
    dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
    maxAge = -1
  [caches.modules]
    dir = ":cacheDir/modules"
    maxAge = -1

{
   "caches": {
      "assets": {
         "dir": ":resourceDir/_gen",
         "maxAge": -1
      },
      "getcsv": {
         "dir": ":cacheDir/:project",
         "maxAge": -1
      },
      "getjson": {
         "dir": ":cacheDir/:project",
         "maxAge": -1
      },
      "images": {
         "dir": ":resourceDir/_gen",
         "maxAge": -1
      },
      "modules": {
         "dir": ":cacheDir/modules",
         "maxAge": -1
      }
   }
}

You can override any of these cache settings in your own config.toml.

The keywords explained

:cacheDir: This is the value of the cacheDir config option if set (can also be set via OS env variable HUGO_CACHEDIR). It will fall back to /opt/build/cache/hugo_cache/ on Netlify, or a hugo_cache directory below the OS temp dir for the others. This means that if you run your builds on Netlify, all caches configured with :cacheDir will be saved and restored on the next build. For other CI vendors, please read their documentation. For an CircleCI example, see this configuration.
:project: The base directory name of the current Hugo project. This means that, in its default setting, every project will have separated file caches, which means that when you do hugo --gc you will not touch files related to other Hugo projects running on the same PC.
:resourceDir: This is the value of the resourceDir config option.
maxAge: This is the duration before a cache entry will be evicted, -1 means forever and 0 effectively turns that particular cache off. Uses Go’s time.Duration, so valid values are "10s" (10 seconds), "10m" (10 minutes) and "10h" (10 hours).
dir: The absolute path to where the files for this cache will be stored. Allowed starting placeholders are :cacheDir and :resourceDir (see above).

Configure Hugo

Configuration File

Configuration Directory

All Configuration Settings

Configure Build

Configure Server

Configure Title Case

Configuration Environment Variables

Configuration Lookup Order

Example Configuration

Configure with Environment Variables

Ignore Content Files When Rendering

Configure Front Matter

Configure Dates

Configure Additional Output Formats

Configure Minify

Configure File Caches

The keywords explained

Configuration Format Specs

See Also

“Configure Hugo” was last updated: September 17, 2020: Doc: Fix typo in hugo command (59f4f4acd)