A number of Ethiopian sign languages have been used in various Ethiopian schools for the deaf since 1971, and at the primary level since 1956. Ethiopian Sign Language, presumably a national standard, is used in primary, secondary, and—at Addis Ababa University—tertiary education, and on national television. The Ethiopian Deaf Community uses the language as a marker of identity.
^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ethiopian Sign Language". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Abadi Tsegay. 2011. Offline Candidate Hand Gesture Selection And Trajectory Determination For Continuous Ethiopian Sign Language. MA thesis, Addis Ababa University. Thesis download[permanent dead link]
Dagnachew Feleke Wolde. 2011. Machine Translation System for Amharic Text to Ethiopian Sign Language. MA thesis, Addis Ababa University. Thesis download[permanent dead link]
Duarte, Kyle. 2010. The Mechanics of Fingerspelling: Analyzing Ethiopian Sign Language. Sign Language Studies 11.1: 5-21.
Morgan, Michael. "Complexities of Ethiopian Sign Language contact phenomena and implications for AAU." French Centre for Ethiopian Studies, National Centre for Scientific Research in France. Online: https://www. academia. edu/1230482/Complexities_of_Ethiopian_Sign_Language_ Contact_Phenomena_and_Implications_for_AAU (2009).
Tamene, Eyasu Hailu. 2017. The Sociolinguistics of Ethiopian Sign Language: A Study of Language Use and Attitudes. (Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities Series 23.) Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
Tamene, Eyasu Hailu. 2016. Language Use in Ethiopian Sign Language. Sign Language Studies Vol. 16, Iss. 3: 307-329.
^a Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely, ASL and BSL both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to French Sign Language.
^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.