Urban area

Greater Tokyo Area, Japan, the world's most populated urban area, with about 38 million inhabitants

An urban area, or built-up area, is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets; in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment. The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources led to a human impact on the environment. "Agglomeration effects" are in the list of the main consequences of increased rates of firm creation since. This is due to conditions created by a greater level of industrial activity in a given region. However, a favorable environment for human capital development would also be generated simultaneously. ^[1]

The world's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since.^[2] In 2009, the number of people living in urban areas (3.42 billion) surpassed the number living in rural areas (3.41 billion), and since then the world has become more urban than rural.^[3] This was the first time that the majority of the world's population lived in a city.^[4] In 2014 there were 7.2 billion people living on the planet,^[5] of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion. The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050, with 37% of that growth to come from three countries: China, India and Nigeria.^[2]

The UN publishes data on cities, urban areas and rural areas, but relies almost entirely on national definitions of these areas. The UN principles and recommendations state that due to different characteristics of urban and rural areas across the globe, a global definition is not possible.^[6]

Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. Urban areas are measured for various purposes, including analyzing population density and urban sprawl.

Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area, but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city, typically by employment ties through commuting, with the urban core city being the primary labor market.

The concept of an "urban area" as used in economic statistics should not be confused with the concept of the "urban area" used in road safety statistics. The last concept is also known as "built-up area in road safety". According to the definition by the Office for National Statistics, "Built-up areas are defined as land which is 'irreversibly urban in character', meaning that they are characteristic of a town or city. They include areas of built-up land with a minimum of 20 hectares (200,000 m²; 49 acres). Any areas [separated by] less than 200 metres [of non-urban space] are linked to become a single built-up area.^[7]

Urban land area (km²), 2010^[8]

Urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006

Definitions[edit]

European countries^[which?] define urbanized areas on the basis of urban-type land use, not allowing any gaps of typically more than 200 metres (220 yd), and use satellite imagery instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area. In less-developed countries^[which?], in addition to land use and density requirements, a requirement that a large majority of the population, typically 75%, is not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing is sometimes used.^{[citation needed]}

Asia[edit]

China[edit]

Since 2000, China's cities have expanded at an average rate of 10% annually. It is estimated that China's urban population will increase by 292 million people by 2050,^[2] when its cities will house a combined population of over one billion.^[9] The country's urbanization rate increased from 17.4% to 46.6% between 1978 and 2009.^[10] Between 150 and 200 million migrant workers work part-time in the major cities, returning home to the countryside periodically with their earnings.^[11]^[12]

Today, China has more of cities with one million or more long-term residents than any other country, including the three global cities of Beijing, Hong Kong, and Shanghai; by 2025, the country will be home to 221 cities with over a million inhabitants.^[9] The figures in the table below are from the 2008 census, and are only estimates of the urban populations within administrative city limits; a different ranking exists when considering the total municipal populations (which includes suburban and rural populations). The large "floating populations" of migrant workers make conducting censuses in urban areas difficult;^[13] the figures below include only long-term residents.

Panoramic view of Pudong's Skyline from the Bund in Shanghai.

India[edit]

For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is a place having a minimum population of 5,000 of density 400 persons per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi) or higher, and 75% plus of the male working population employed in non-agricultural activities. Places administered by a municipal corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee are automatically considered urban areas.^[14]

The Census of India 2011 also defined the term "urban agglomeration" as an integrated urban area consisting of a core town together with its "outgrowths" (contiguous suburbs).^[15]

Japan[edit]

In Japan urbanized areas are defined as contiguous areas of densely inhabited districts (DIDs) using census enumeration districts as units with a density requirement of 4,000 inhabitants per square kilometre (10,000/sq mi).

Pakistan[edit]

In Pakistan, an area is a major city and municipality if it has more than 100,000 inhabitants according to census results. Cities include adjacent cantonments. Urbanisation in Pakistan has increased since the time of independence and has several different causes. The majority of southern Pakistan's population lives along the Indus River. Karachi is its most populous city.^[17] In the northern half of the country, most of the population lives in an arc formed by the cities of Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan and Peshawar. During 1990–2008, city dwellers made up 36% of Pakistan's population, making it the most urbanised nation in South Asia. Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis live in towns of 5,000 people or more.^[18] Karachi is the most populated city in Pakistan closely followed by Lahore according to the 2017 Census.

Philippines[edit]

With an estimated population of 16.3 million, Metro Manila is the most populous metropolitan area in the Philippines and the 11th in the world. However, the greater urban area is the 5th largest in the world with a population of 20,654,307 people (2010 estimate).^[20] Including Metro Manila, the Philippines has twelve metropolitan areas as defined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). Metro Angeles, Metro Bacolod, Metro Baguio, Metro Batangas, Metro Cagayan de Oro, Metro Cebu, Metro Dagupan, Metro Davao, Metro Iloilo-Guimaras, Metro Naga, Metro Olongapo.

As per Republic Act No. 9009, in order to become a city, a local government unit must :

locally generated income of at least ₱ 100 million (based on constant prices in the year 2000) for the last two consecutive years, as certified by the Department of Finance, AND
a population of 150,000 or more, as certified by the National Statistics Office (NSO); OR a contiguous territory of 100 square kilometers, as certified by the Land Management Bureau, with contiguity not being a requisite for areas that are on two or more islands.

Singapore[edit]

Singapore is an island city-state in Southeast Asia. About 5.6 million people live and work within 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi), making Singapore the 2nd-most-densely populated country in the world, after Monaco, another city-state. The Central Area in the south-eastern part of the island, is the country's city centre. It is surrounded by suburban settlements outside of its limits. These settlements are connected to the Central Area and each other by a dense network of roads, expressways and metro railway lines dubbed MRT by locals. Singapore has a highly centralised, unitary government with a unicameral legislature (the City Council and the Rural Board were abolished in the 1960s). While there are town councils and mayors in Singapore, these are essentially property managers in charge of the maintenance of public housing within their constituency boundaries. They do not represent local authorities with any legislative or executive autonomy from the national government.^[21]

South Korea[edit]

The largest cities of South Korea have an autonomous status equivalent to that of provinces. Seoul, the largest city and capital, is classified as a teukbyeolsi (Special City), while the next 6 largest cities (see the list below) are classified as gwangyeoksi (Metropolitan Cities; see Special cities of South Korea). Smaller cities are classified as si ("cities") and are under provincial jurisdiction, at the same level as counties (see:Administrative divisions of South Korea).

Taiwan[edit]

The figures below are the 2011 estimates for the twenty largest urban populations within administrative city limits; a different ranking exists when considering the total metropolitan area populations (in such rankings the Taipei-Keelung metro area is by far the largest agglomeration).

Vietnam[edit]

In Vietnam, there are 6 types of urban areas:

Special urban area (2 municipalities): Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Type I urban area (12 provincial cities and 3 municipalities): Thanh Hóa, Hạ Long, Việt Trì, Thái Nguyên, Nam Định, Vũng Tàu, Buôn Ma Thuột, Đà Lạt, Quy Nhơn, Nha Trang, Huế, Vinh, Cần Thơ, Đà Nẵng and Hải Phòng.
Type II urban area (21 provincial cities and 1 district): Đồng Hới, Uông Bí, Bắc Giang, Bắc Ninh, Ninh Bình, Bạc Liêu, Bà Rịa, Thái Bình, Rạch Giá, Cà Mau, Long Xuyên, Mỹ Tho, Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, Tuy Hòa, Phan Thiết, Pleiku, Thủ Dầu Một, Biên Hòa, Hải Dương, Vĩnh Yên, Lào Cai and Phú Quốc.
Type III urban area (31 provincial cities and 12 towns).
Type IV urban area (35 towns and 35 townships).
Type V urban area (586 townships and 54 communes).

Europe[edit]

Finland[edit]

Similar to other Nordic countries, an urban area (taajama in Finnish) in Finland must have a building at least every 200 m (660 ft) and at least 200 people. To be considered a town or a city (kaupunki) for statistical purposes, an urban area must have at least 15,000 people. This is not to be confused with the city / town designation used by municipalities.^[23]^[24]

France[edit]

In France multiple words exist to define various kinds of urban area. One of the first word used was the word agglomération, which first was used to deal with a group of people. The word was used for instance in the law from 5 april 1884 (loi du 5 avril 1884) whose article 98 gives to the mayor police power (pouvoirs de police, where French police word comes from the latin word politia or from the greec word πόλις both retalted to the city) meaning authority on the city, but only within the agglomération. That law was used by a jurisprudence from year 1907 to forbid a mayor to set a speed limit on the road next to a farm considering that at that time, a group of houses inside a farm might be an agglomération, but the road next to it was not inside the agglomération.^[25]^[26].

Later, in the 1920s, the concept of agglomération was used in the code de la route (Highway code) to define specifc law within/outside such a zone.

In 1968, the French word agglomération was introduced in the French version of the Vienna convention on road traffic in the place where the English word built-up area was used in the English version of this exact same treaty. In this treaty, the word is only defined as a concept signaled by an entry sign and an exist sign, even if allowing members of the treaty to have different definition.

Nowadays, with globalisation words from English origin or english meaning tend to be introduced in French language to introcuce in France new concepts or new words or new meanings for old words and/or to change the size and the power a mayor can have. Such words are Aire urbaines (urban area), Métropole, Agglomération (agglomeration), Communauté urbaine, Gand something (Grand Paris, Grand Toulouse), and probably other words.

As a member of the European Union, the OECD and the European Union, for statistical purpose, France might need to cope with inside/outside built-up area meaning inside/outside the limits of an urban area.

In France, an urban area (Fr: aire urbaine) is a zone encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (unité urbaine)^[27] – close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt (couronne). Americans would find the INSEE definition of the urban area^[28] to be similar to their metropolitan area, and the INSEE sometimes uses the term aire métropolitaine^[29] to refer to the country's largest aires urbaines.

The largest cities in France, in terms of urban area population (2013), are Paris (12,405,426), Lyon (2,237,676), Marseille (1,734,277), Toulouse (1,291,517), Bordeaux (1,178,335), Lille (1,175,828), Nice (1,004,826), Nantes (908,815), Strasbourg (773,447) and Rennes (700,675).^[30]

Panorama of Paris as seen from the Eiffel Tower as full 360-degree view (river flowing from north-east to south-west, right to left)

Germany[edit]

Germany has a number of large cities. There are 11 officially recognised metropolitan regions in Germany – and since 2006, 34 potential cities were identified which can be called a Regiopolis.

The largest conurbation is the Rhine-Ruhr region (11 million in 2008^[update]), including Düsseldorf (the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia), Cologne, Bonn, Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, and Bochum.^[31]

Netherlands[edit]

The Netherlands is the 30th most densely populated country in the world, with 404.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,048/sq mi)—or 497 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,287/sq mi) if only the land area is counted. The Randstad is the country's largest conurbation located in the west of the country and contains the four largest cities: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. The Randstad has a population of 7 million inhabitants and is the 6th largest metropolitan area in Europe.

Sweden[edit]

Urban areas in Sweden (tätorter) are statistically defined localities, totally independent of the administrative subdivision of the country. There are 1,956 such localities in Sweden, with a population ranging from 200 to 1,372,000 inhabitants.^[33]

United Kingdom[edit]

The United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics has produced census results from urban areas since 1951, since 1981 based upon the extent of irreversible urban development indicated on Ordnance Survey maps. The definition is an extent of at least 20 ha and at least 1,500 census residents. Separate areas are linked if less than 200 m (220 yd) apart. Included are transportation features.^[34] The UK has five Urban Areas with a population over a million and a further sixty nine with a population over one hundred thousand.

Norway[edit]

Statistics Norway defines urban areas ("tettsteder") similarly to the other Nordic countries. Unlike in Denmark and Sweden, the distance between each building has to be of less than 50 m, although exceptions are made due to parks, industrial areas, rivers, and similar. Groups of houses less than 400 m from the main body of an urban area are included in the urban area.^[38]

Poland[edit]

In Poland, official "urban" population figures simply refer to those localities which have the status of towns (miasta). The "rural" population is that of all areas outside the boundaries of these towns. This distinction may give a misleading impression in some cases, since some localities with only village status may have acquired larger and denser populations than many many smaller towns.^[39]

Russia[edit]

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

In Australia, urban areas are referred to as "urban centres" and are defined as population clusters of 1,000 or more people, with a density of at least 200/km² (518/sq mi)^[53] Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with more than 50% of the population residing in Australia's three biggest urban centres.

New Zealand[edit]

Statistics New Zealand defines urban areas in New Zealand, which are independent of any administrative subdivisions and have no legal basis.^[55] There are three classes of urban area: main urban areas are the 17 urban areas which have a population of 30,000 or more; secondary urban areas are the 14 urban areas which have a population of 10,000 or more but less than 30,000, and minor urban areas are the 103 urban areas which have a population of 1,000 or more but less than 10,000. Urban areas are reclassified after each New Zealand census, so population changes between censuses does not change an urban area's classification. For example, Rolleston (pop. 16,250) is still classified as a minor urban area because its population was under 10,000 at the 2013 Census.

North America[edit]

Canada[edit]

According to Statistics Canada, an urban area in Canada is an area with a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi).^[57] If two or more urban areas are within 2 km (1.2 mi) of each other by road, they are merged into a single urban area, provided they do not cross census metropolitan area or census agglomeration boundaries.^[58]

v t e Largest cities or towns in Canada 2016 Census^[59]
Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
1	Toronto	Ontario	2,731,571	11	Quebec City	Quebec	531,902
2	Montreal	Quebec	1,704,694	12	Surrey	British Columbia	517,887
3	Calgary	Alberta	1,239,220	13	Laval	Quebec	422,993
4	Ottawa	Ontario	934,243	14	Halifax	Nova Scotia	403,131
5	Edmonton	Alberta	932,546	15	London	Ontario	383,822
6	Mississauga	Ontario	721,599	16	Markham	Ontario	328,966
7	Winnipeg	Manitoba	705,244	17	Vaughan	Ontario	306,233
8	Vancouver	British Columbia	631,486	18	Gatineau	Quebec	276,245
9	Brampton	Ontario	593,638	19	Saskatoon	Saskatchewan	246,376
10	Hamilton	Ontario	536,917	20	Longueuil	Quebec	239,700

In the Canada 2011 Census, Statistics Canada redesignated urban areas with the new term "population centre";^[60] the new term was chosen in order to better reflect the fact that urban vs. rural is not a strict division, but rather a continuum within which several distinct settlement patterns may exist. For example, a community may fit a strictly statistical definition of an urban area, but may not be commonly thought of as "urban" because it has a smaller population, or functions socially and economically as a suburb of another urban area rather than as a self-contained urban entity, or is geographically remote from other urban communities. Accordingly, the new definition set out three distinct types of population centres: small (population 1,000 to 29,999), medium (population 30,000 to 99,999) and large (population 100,000 or greater).^[60] Despite the change in terminology, however, the demographic definition of a population centre remains unchanged from that of an urban area: a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per km².

United States[edit]

In the United States, there are two categories of urban area. The term urbanized area denotes an urban area of 50,000 or more people. Urban areas under 50,000 people are called urban clusters. Urbanized areas were first delineated in the United States in the 1950 census, while urban clusters were added in the 2000 census. There are 1,371 urban areas and urban clusters with more than 10,000 people.

The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as "core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile (386 per square kilometer) and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile (193 per square kilometer)".^[61]

The largest urban area in the United States is the New York metropolitan area. The population of New York City, the core of the metropolitan area, exceeds 8.5 million people, its metropolitan statistical area has a population that is over 20 million, and its combined statistical area population is over 23 million. The next six largest urban areas in the U.S. are Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Houston, and Atlanta.^[62] About 82 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of an urbanized area as of December, 2010.^[63] Combined, these areas occupy about 2 percent of the land area of the United States. Many Americans live in agglomerations of cities, suburbs, and towns that are adjacent to a metropolitan area's largest city.^{[citation needed]}

The skyscrapers of New York City, the most populous city in the United States and the most populous U.S. metropolitan area, are almost all situated in Manhattan, the world's largest central business district, seen here in this panorama in February 2018, as viewed from Weehawken, New Jersey.

The concept of Urbanized Areas as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau is often used as a more accurate gauge of the size of a city, since in different cities and states the lines between city borders and the urbanized area of that city are often not the same. For example, the city of Greenville, South Carolina has a city population just over 64,000 and an urbanized area population of over 800,000, while Greensboro, North Carolina has a city population just over 285,000 and an urbanized area population of around 400,000 — meaning that Greenville is actually "larger" for some intents and purposes, but not for others, such as taxation, local elections, etc.

In the U.S. Department of Agriculture's natural resources inventory, urban areas are officially known as developed areas or urban and built-up areas. Such areas include cities, ethnic villages, other built-up areas of more than 10 ac (4 ha), industrial sites, railroad yards, cemeteries, airports, golf courses, shooting ranges, institutional and public administration sites, and similar areas. The 1997 national resources inventory placed over 98,000,000 ac (40,000,000 ha) in this category, an increase of 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha) since 1982.^[64]

South America[edit]

Argentina[edit]

Argentina is highly urbanized.^[66] The ten largest metropolitan areas account for half of the population, and fewer than one in ten live in rural areas. About 3 million people live in Buenos Aires City and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area totals around 15 million, making it one of the largest urban areas in the world, with a population of 18 million all up.^[67]

Córdoba has around 1.5 million people living in the urban area, while Rosario, Mendoza and Tucumán have around 1.2 million inhabitants each^[67] and La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta and Santa Fe^[67]^[68] have at least 500,000 people each.

The population is unequally distributed amongst the provinces: about 60% live in the Pampa region (21% of the total area), including 20 million people in Buenos Aires Province; Córdoba Province Santa Fe Province and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires have 3 million each. Seven other provinces have over one million people each: Mendoza, Tucumán, Entre Ríos, Salta, Chaco, Corrientes and Misiones. Tucumán is the most densely populated with 60 per square kilometre (160/sq mi), the only Argentine province more densely populated than the world average, while the southern province of Santa Cruz has around 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi).

Brazil[edit]

According to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) urban areas already concentrate 84.35% of the population, while the Southeast region remains the most populated one, with over 80 million inhabitants.^[70] The largest metropolitan areas in Brazil are São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte — all in the Southeastern Region — with 21, 12, and 5 million inhabitants respectively.^[71] In general, state capitals are the largest cities in their states, except for Vitória, the capital of Espírito Santo, and Florianópolis, the capital of Santa Catarina. There are also non-capital metropolitan areas in the states of São Paulo (Campinas, Santos and the Paraíba Valley), Minas Gerais (Steel Valley), Rio Grande do Sul (Sinos Valley) and Santa Catarina (Itajaí Valley).^[72]

São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, the largest city proper in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Americas, and the world's ninth-largest urban area by population.^[73]

Colombia[edit]

In Colombia the largest Metropolitan area is Bogotá's, which has around 9.8 million inhabitants and includes municipalities like Cota, La Calera, Chía, Soacha, Usaquen, Suba, among others. It's one of the most important cities in Latin America, especially in business, art and culture. Bogotá has been the International City of the Book and has unique places like Monserrate, Torre Colpatria, Bolivar Square, BD Bacatá, Corferias, National University etc.^[77]^[78]

Bolívar Square, Bogotá

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^ "Численность постоянного населения Челябинской области в разрезе городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений на 1 января 2017 года". chelstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
^ "База данных показателей муниципальных образований Омской области (Население)". gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Утвержденная численность постоянного населения Самарской области (на 1. 1. 2017. г. и среднегодовая за 2016. г.)". samarastat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
^ "Численность постоянного населения Удмуртской Республики /Утверждено Росстатом (письмо от 3. 3. 2017. г., No. 08-08-4/891-ТО)/". udmstat.gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения Республики Башкортостан на 1 января 2017 года по муниципальным образованиям". gks.ru. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
^ "1216.0 – Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC), 2001". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2001-09-28. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
^ http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3218.0Main+Features12017-18?OpenDocument
^ "Urban area: Definition". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
^ "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2019". Statistics New Zealand. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
^ "Urban area (UA)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
^ "More information on Urban area (UA)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
^ "Census Profile". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
^ ^a ^b "From urban areas to population centres" Archived 2012-12-13 at the Wayback Machine. Statistics Canada, May 5, 2011.
^ "The Urban and Rural Classifications" (PDF). Geographic Areas Reference Manual. United States Census Bureau.
^ United States Census Bureau 2010 Census Urban Area List "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2013-05-16.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 2010 Census Urban Area List. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
^ [1] – accessed January, 2012
^ This article incorporates public domain material from the Congressional Research Service document: Jasper Womach. "Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition" (PDF).
^ "Appendix A. Census 2000 Geographic Terms and Concepts – Figure A–3. Census Regions, Census Divisions, and Their Constituent States" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
^ "Field listing – Urbanization". The World Factbook. CIA.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Major Cities". Government of Argentina. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009.
^ "Ubicación de la ciudad de salta" (in Spanish). Directorate-General of Tourism, Municipality of the City of Salta. Archived from the original on 2010-01-17.
^ "Encuesta Permanente de Hogares" (PDF). Indec. 23 August 2015. p. 3.
^ "IDBGE" (in Portuguese). IBGE. 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
^ 2008 PNAD, IBGE. "População residente por situação, sexo e grupos de idade."
^ "Principal Cities". Encarta. MSN. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 2008-06-10.^{[dubious – discuss]}
^ "RMSP supera 20 milhões de habitantes, calcula Seade – economia – geral – Estadão". Estadao.com.br. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
^ "Mais da metade da população vive em 294 arranjos formados por contiguidade urbana e por deslocamentos para trabalho e estudo" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
^ "Arranjos Populacionais e Concentrações Urbanas do Brasil" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. p. 148. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
^ "Estimativas da população residente no Brasil e Unidades da Federação com data de referência em 1º de julho de 2017" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
^ Duncan Smith. "World City Populations 1950 – 2030". Retrieved 18 December 2015.
^ "Bright lights, big cities. Urbanisation and the rise of the megacity". The Economist. economist.com. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
^ "Largest cities" (PDF). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE). Retrieved 10 February 2020.

External links[edit]

United Nations Statistics Division (UNSTAT): Definition of "urban"
World Urban Areas All identified world urbanized areas 500,000+ and others: Population & Density.
Geopolis: research group, University of Paris-Diderot, France for world urban areas
Gridded Population of the World – contains links to urban area definitions and maps for over 230 countries/territories
City Mayors – The World's Largest Urban Areas in 2006
City Mayors – The World's Largest Urban Areas Projected for 2020
PopulationData – World's largest urban areas 1,000,000+ population

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[NZ_population_data_2018-56] "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2019". Statistics New Zealand. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.

[StatCan1-57] "Urban area (UA)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2011-01-21.

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[61] "The Urban and Rural Classifications" (PDF). Geographic Areas Reference Manual. United States Census Bureau.

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v t e Largest cities in China Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2010)
	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
Shanghai Beijing	1	Shanghai	–	20,217,700	11	Chengdu	Sichuan	6,316,900	Chongqing Guangzhou
	2	Beijing	–	16,446,900	12	Nanjing	Jiangsu	6,238,200
	3	Chongqing	–	11,871,200	13	Shenyang	Liaoning	5,718,200
	4	Guangzhou	Guangdong	10,641,400	14	Hangzhou	Zhejiang	5,578,300
	5	Shenzhen	Guangdong	10,358,400	15	Xi'an	Shaanxi	5,399,300
	6	Tianjin	–	9,562,300	16	Harbin	Heilongjiang	5,178,000
	7	Wuhan	Hubei	7,541,500	17	Suzhou	Jiangsu	4,083,900
	8	Dongguan	Guangdong	7,271,300	18	Qingdao	Shandong	3,990,900
	9	Hong Kong	–	7,055,071	19	Dalian	Liaoning	3,902,500
	10	Foshan	Guangdong	6,771,900	20	Zhengzhou	Henan	3,677,000

v t e Largest cities or towns in India 2011 Census of India^[16]
	Rank	Name	State/UT	Pop.	Rank	Name	State/UT	Pop.
Mumbai Delhi	1	Mumbai	Maharashtra	12,478,447	11	Kanpur	Uttar Pradesh	2,920,067	Bangalore Hyderabad
	2	Delhi	Delhi	11,007,835	12	Lucknow	Uttar Pradesh	2,901,474
	3	Bangalore	Karnataka	8,425,970	13	Nagpur	Maharashtra	2,405,421
	4	Hyderabad	Telangana	6,809,970	14	Indore	Madhya Pradesh	1,960 521
	5	Ahmedabad	Gujarat	5,570,585	15	Thane	Maharastra	1,818,872
	6	Chennai	Tamil Nadu	4,681,087	16	Bhopal	Madhya Pradesh	1,795,648
	7	Kolkata	West Bengal	4,486,679	17	Visakhapatnam	Andhra Pradesh	1,730,320
	8	Surat	Gujarat	4,462,002	18	Pimpri-Chinchwad	Maharashtra	1,729,359
	9	Pune	Maharashtra	3,115,431	19	Patna	Bihar	1,683,200
	10	Jaipur	Rajasthan	3,073,350	20	Ludhiana	Punjab	1,613,878

v t e Largest cities or towns in Japan 2010 Census
	Rank	Name	Prefecture	Pop.	Rank	Name	Prefecture	Pop.
Tokyo Yokohama	1	Tokyo	Tokyo	13,843,403	11	Hiroshima	Hiroshima	1,199,252	Osaka Nagoya
	2	Yokohama	Kanagawa	3,740,172	12	Sendai	Miyagi	1,088,669
	3	Osaka	Osaka	2,725,006	13	Chiba	Chiba	977,247
	4	Nagoya	Aichi	2,320,361	14	Kitakyushu	Fukuoka	945,595
	5	Sapporo	Hokkaido	1,966,416	15	Sakai	Osaka	831,017
	6	Fukuoka	Fukuoka	1,579,450	16	Niigata	Niigata	800,582
	7	Kobe	Hyōgo	1,527,407	17	Hamamatsu	Shizuoka	794,025
	8	Kawasaki	Kanagawa	1,516,483	18	Kumamoto	Kumamoto	739,556
	9	Kyoto	Kyoto	1,468,980	19	Sagamihara	Kanagawa	723,012
	10	Saitama	Saitama	1,295,607	20	Shizuoka	Shizuoka	695,416

v t e Largest cities or towns in Pakistan According to the 2017 Census^[19]
	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
Karachi Lahore	1	Karachi	Sindh	14,916,456	11	Bahawalpur	Punjab	762,111	Faisalabad Rawalpindi
	2	Lahore	Punjab	11,126,285	12	Sargodha	Punjab	659,862
	3	Faisalabad	Punjab	3,204,726	13	Sialkot	Punjab	655,852
	4	Rawalpindi	Punjab	2,098,231	14	Sukkur	Sindh	499,900
	5	Gujranwala	Punjab	2,027,001	15	Larkana	Sindh	490,508
	6	Peshawar	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	1,970,042	16	Sheikhupura	Punjab	473,129
	7	Multan	Punjab	1,871,843	17	Rahim Yar Khan	Punjab	420,419
	8	Hyderabad	Sindh	1,734,309	18	Jhang	Punjab	414,131
	9	Islamabad	Capital Territory	1,009,832	19	Dera Ghazi Khan	Punjab	399,064
	10	Quetta	Balochistan	1,001,205	20	Gujrat	Punjab	390,533

v t e Largest cities in the Philippines PSA Census August 2015
	Rank	Name	Region	Pop.	Rank	Name	Region	Pop.
Quezon City Manila	1	Quezon City	National Capital Region	2,936,116	11	Parañaque	National Capital Region	665,822	Davao City Caloocan
	2	Manila	National Capital Region	1,780,148	12	Dasmariñas	Calabarzon	659,019
	3	Davao City	Davao Region	1,632,991	13	Valenzuela	National Capital Region	620,422
	4	Caloocan	National Capital Region	1,583,978	14	Bacoor	Calabarzon	600,609
	5	Cebu City	Central Visayas	922,611	15	General Santos	Soccsksargen	594,446
	6	Zamboanga City	Zamboanga Peninsula	861,799	16	Las Piñas	National Capital Region	588,894
	7	Taguig	National Capital Region	804,915	17	Makati	National Capital Region	582,602
	8	Antipolo	Calabarzon	776,386	18	San Jose del Monte	Central Luzon	574,089
	9	Pasig	National Capital Region	755,300	19	Bacolod	Western Visayas	561,875
	10	Cagayan de Oro	Northern Mindanao	675,950	20	Muntinlupa	National Capital Region	504,509

v t e Largest cities and townships in Taiwan source
	Rank	Name	Division	Pop.
New Taipei Taichung	1	New Taipei	New Taipei City	4,000,164	Kaohsiung Taipei
	2	Taichung	Taichung City	2,809,004
	3	Kaohsiung	Kaohsiung City	2,773,229
	4	Taipei	Taipei City	2,661,317
	5	Taoyuan	Taoyuan City	2,230,653
	6	Tainan	Tainan City	1,883,078
	7	Hsinchu	Hsinchu City	446,701
	8	Keelung	Keelung City	369,820
	9	Chiayi	Chiayi City	268,474
	10	Changhua	Changhua County	232,505

v t e Largest urban agglomerations in Germany Federal Statistical Office of Germany (31 December 2017)
	Rank	Name	State	Pop.	Rank	Name	State	Pop.
Rhine-Ruhr Berlin	1	Rhine-Ruhr	North Rhine-Westphalia	11,084,366	11	Chemnitz	Saxony	883,743	Rhein–Main Stuttgart
	2	Berlin	Berlin	4,469,449	12	Hanover	Lower Saxony	792,433
	3	Rhein–Main	Hesse	3,105,832	13	Dresden	Saxony	783,977
	4	Stuttgart	Baden-Württemberg	2,996,440	14	Saar	Saarland	763,815
	5	Munich	Bavaria	2,336,169	15	Bremen	Bremen (state)	664,588
	6	Hamburg	Hamburg	2,320,575	16	Aachen	North Rhine-Westphalia	650,960
	7	Rhine-Neckar	Baden-Württemberg	1,400,533	17	Karlsruhe	Baden-Württemberg	608,834
	8	Nuremberg	Bavaria	1,217,722	18	Augsburg	Bavaria	536,759
	9	Leipzig	Saxony	1,027,669	19	Freiburg im Breisgau	Baden-Württemberg	330,213
	10	Bielefeld	North Rhine-Westphalia	926,761	20	Kassel	Hesse	328,558

v t e Largest cities or towns in Sweden "Kommungruppsindelning 2017". Retrieved 2017-09-16. & "SCB befolkningsstatistik". Retrieved 2018-07-11.
	Rank	Name	County	Pop.	Metro.	Rank	Name	County	Pop.	Metro.
Stockholm Gothenburg	1	Stockholm	Stockholm	952,058	2,205,105	11	Umeå	Västerbotten	125,434	137,800	Malmö Uppsala
	2	Gothenburg	Västra Götaland	565,496	1,015,974	12	Lund	Skåne	121,893	197,300
	3	Malmö	Skåne	334,987	689,206	13	Borås	Västra Götaland	111,354	151,300
	4	Uppsala	Uppsala	221,141	257,200	14	Huddinge	Stockholm	110,335	136,000
	5	Linköping	Östergötland	158,953	189,800	15	Eskilstuna	Södermanland	105,014	110,900
	6	Örebro	Örebro	150,949	196,700	16	Nacka	Stockholm	101,697	114,800
	7	Västerås	Västmanland	150,564	169,200	17	Gävle	Gävleborg	100,825	107,500
	8	Helsingborg	Skåne	143,671	321,500	18	Halmstad	Halland	99,932	119,300
	9	Norrköping	Östergötland	140,991	149,600	19	Sundsvall	Västernorrland	98,837	115,300
	10	Jönköping	Jönköping	137,863	156,700	20	Södertälje	Stockholm	96,254	158,300

v t e Largest cities or towns in Poland Central Statistical Office population report for 31.12.2018
	Rank	Name	Voivodeship	Pop.	Rank	Name	Voivodeship	Pop.
Warsaw Kraków	1	Warsaw	Masovian	1,777,972	11	Katowice	Silesian	294,510	Łódź Wrocław
	2	Kraków	Lesser Poland	771,069	12	Gdynia	Pomeranian	246,309
	3	Łódź	Łódź	685,285	13	Częstochowa	Silesian	222,292
	4	Wrocław	Lower Silesian	640,648	14	Radom	Masovian	213,029
	5	Poznań	Greater Poland	536,438	15	Toruń	Kuyavian-Pomeranian	202,074
	6	Gdańsk	Pomeranian	466,631	16	Sosnowiec	Silesian	202,036
	7	Szczecin	West Pomeranian	402,465	17	Kielce	Świętokrzyskie	195,774
	8	Bydgoszcz	Kuyavian-Pomeranian	350,178	18	Rzeszów	Subcarpathian	191,564
	9	Lublin	Lublin	339,682	19	Gliwice	Silesian	179,806
	10	Białystok	Podlaskie	297,459	20	Zabrze	Silesian	173,374

v t e Largest cities or towns in Russia Rosstat (2016^[40]^[41]/2017)
	Rank	Name	Federal subject	Pop.	Rank	Name	Federal subject	Pop.
Moscow Saint Petersburg	1	Moscow	Moscow	^[42]12,381,000	11	Rostov-na-Donu	Rostov Oblast	1,120,000	Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg
	2	Saint Petersburg	Saint Petersburg	^[42]5,282,000	12	Krasnoyarsk	Krasnoyarsk Krai	^[43]1,084,000
	3	Novosibirsk	Novosibirsk Oblast	^[44]1,603,000	13	Perm	Perm Krai	1,042,000
	4	Yekaterinburg	Sverdlovsk Oblast	^[45]1,456,000	14	Voronezh	Voronezh Oblast	1,032,000
	5	Nizhny Novgorod	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	1,267,000	15	Volgograd	Volgograd Oblast	1,016,000
	6	Kazan	Tatarstan	^[46]1,232,000	16	Krasnodar	Krasnodar Krai	^[47]881,000
	7	Chelyabinsk	Chelyabinsk Oblast	^[48]1,199,000	17	Saratov	Saratov Oblast	843,000
	8	Omsk	Omsk Oblast	^[49]1,178,000	18	Tolyatti	Samara Oblast	^[50]711,000
	9	Samara	Samara Oblast	^[50]1,170,000	19	Izhevsk	Udmurtia	^[51]646,000
	10	Ufa	Bashkortostan	^[52]1,126,000	20	Ulyanovsk	Ulyanovsk Oblast	622,000

Leading population centers (see complete list)					view talk edit
Rank	Core city (cities)	Metro area population	Metropolitan Statistical Area	Region^[65]	New York Los Angeles Chicago Dallas
1	New York	19,979,477	New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY–NJ–PA MSA	Northeast
2	Los Angeles	13,291,486	Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA MSA	West
3	Chicago	9,498,716	Chicago–Joliet–Naperville, IL–IN–WI MSA	Midwest
4	Dallas–Fort Worth	7,539,711	Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA	South
5	Houston	6,997,384	Houston–The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA	South
6	Washington, D.C.	6,249,950	Washington, D.C.–VA–MD–WV MSA	South
7	Miami	6,198,782	Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL MSA	South
8	Philadelphia	6,096,372	Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA	Northeast
9	Atlanta	5,949,951	Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA	South
10	Boston	4,875,390	Boston–Cambridge–Quincy, MA–NH MSA	Northeast
11	Phoenix	4,857,962	Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler, AZ MSA	West
12	San Francisco	4,729,484	San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA	West
13	Riverside–San Bernardino	4,662,361	Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA MSA	West
14	Detroit	4,326,442	Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MI MSA	Midwest
15	Seattle	3,939,363	Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA	West
16	Minneapolis–St. Paul	3,629,190	Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI MSA	Midwest
17	San Diego	3,343,364	San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos, CA MSA	West
18	Tampa–St. Petersburg	3,142,663	Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA	South
19	Denver	2,932,415	Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO MSA	West
20	St. Louis	2,805,465	St. Louis, MO-IL MSA	Midwest
Based on 2018 MSA population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau

v t e Largest cities or towns in Colombia According to the 2018 Census^[79]
	Rank	Name	Department	Pop.	Rank	Name	Department	Pop.
Bogotá Medellín	1	Bogotá	Bogotá	7,387,400	11	Ibagué	Tolima	492,554	Cali Barranquilla
	2	Medellín	Antioquia	2,382,399	12	Villavicencio	Meta	492,052
	3	Cali	Valle del Cauca	2,172,527	13	Santa Marta	Magdalena	455,299
	4	Barranquilla	Atlántico	1,205,284	14	Valledupar	Cesar	431,794
	5	Cartagena	Bolívar	876,885	15	Manizales	Caldas	405,234
	6	Cúcuta	Norte de Santander	685,445	16	Montería	Córdoba	388,499
	7	Soacha	Cundinamarca	655,025	17	Pereira	Risaralda	385,838
	8	Soledad	Atlántico	602,644	18	Neiva	Huila	335,994
	9	Bucaramanga	Santander	570,752	19	Pasto	Nariño	308,095
	10	Bello	Antioquia	495,483	20	Armenia	Quindío	287,245

v t e Cities
Urban geography	Urban area Downtown City centre Suburb Core city Twin cities Satellite city Edge city Commuter town City proper limits Conurbation Metropolitan area Metropolis Megalopolis Cities with the most skyscrapers Urbanization Suburbanization Shrinking cities Ghost town
Urban government	City status Municipality direct-controlled Independent city City-state Autonomous city Capital city
Urban economics	World's cities by GDP Global city Central business district Most expensive cities Cheapest cities Urban decay Urban renewal Municipal bond Habitat III
Urban planning	History of urban planning Theories of urban planning Technical aspects of urban planning Urban planners Zoning Urban design Grid plan Land use Smart city
Urban population	World's largest cities throughout history Most densely populated cities Most populous national capitals Most populous satellite cities
Urbanism	Urban warfare Urban studies Urban morphology Urban culture Urban sociology Urban ecology Anti-urbanism Urban exploration Urban homesteading Unitary urbanism

v t e Largest planning areas in Singapore Singapore Department of Statistics population report for 2018
	Rank	Name	Region	Pop.	Rank	Name	Region	Pop.
Bedok Jurong West	1	Bedok	East	281,300	11	Bukit Merah	Central	151,870	Tampines Woodlands
	2	Jurong West	West	266,720	12	Pasir Ris	East	146,920
	3	Tampines	East	257,110	13	Bukit Batok	West	144,410
	4	Woodlands	North	252,530	14	Bukit Panjang	West	140,820
	5	Sengkang	North-East	240,640	15	Toa Payoh	Central	120,480
	6	Hougang	North-East	223,010	16	Serangoon	North-East	117,310
	7	Yishun	North	214,940	17	Geylang	Central	111,610
	8	Choa Chu Kang	West	187,510	18	Kallang	Central	101,420
	9	Ang Mo Kio	North-East	165,710	19	Queenstown	Central	97,870
	10	Punggol	North-East	161,570	20	Clementi	West	93,000

v t e Largest cities or towns in South Korea 2015 Population and Housing Census^[22]
	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
Seoul Busan	1	Seoul	Seoul	9,904,312	11	Yongin	Gyeonggi	971,327	Incheon Daegu
	2	Busan	Busan	3,448,737	12	Seongnam	Gyeonggi	948,757
	3	Incheon	Incheon	2,890,451	13	Bucheon	Gyeonggi	843,794
	4	Daegu	Daegu	2,446,052	14	Cheongju	North Chungcheong	833,276
	5	Daejeon	Daejeon	1,538,394	15	Ansan	Gyeonggi	747,035
	6	Gwangju	Gwangju	1,502,881	16	Jeonju	North Jeolla	658,172
	7	Suwon	Gyeonggi	1,194,313	17	Cheonan	South Chungcheong	629,062
	8	Ulsan	Ulsan	1,166,615	18	Namyangju	Gyeonggi	629,061
	9	Changwon	South Gyeongsang	1,059,241	19	Hwaseong	Gyeonggi	608,725
	10	Goyang	Gyeonggi	990,073	20	Anyang	Gyeonggi	585,177

v t e Largest municipalities in the Netherlands Statistics Netherlands^[32]
	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
Amsterdam Rotterdam	1	Amsterdam	North Holland	872,680	11	Apeldoorn	Gelderland	163,706	The Hague Utrecht
	2	Rotterdam	South Holland	650,711	12	Haarlem	North Holland	162,864
	3	The Hague	South Holland	544,766	13	Arnhem	Gelderland	161,260
	4	Utrecht	Utrecht	357,179	14	Enschede	Overijssel	159,934
	5	Eindhoven	North Brabant	234,235	15	Amersfoort	Utrecht	157,286
	6	Groningen	Groningen	232,826	16	Zaanstad	North Holland	156,703
	7	Tilburg	North Brabant	219,632	17	Haarlemmermeer	North Holland	155,770
	8	Almere	Flevoland	211,514	18	's-Hertogenbosch	North Brabant	154,989
	9	Breda	North Brabant	184,403	19	Zwolle	Overijssel	128,617
	10	Nijmegen	Gelderland	177,818	20	Leiden	South Holland	125,434

v t e Largest urban areas of the United Kingdom (England and Wales: 2011 census built-up area;^[35] Scotland: 2012 estimates urban area;^[36] Northern Ireland: 2001 census urban area)^[37]
	Rank	Urban area	Pop.	Principal settlement	Rank	Urban area	Pop.	Principal settlement
Greater London Urban Area Greater Manchester Urban Area	1	Greater London Urban Area	9,787,426	London	11	Bristol Urban Area	617,280	Bristol	West Midlands Urban Area West Yorkshire Urban Area
	2	Greater Manchester Urban Area	2,553,379	Manchester	12	Leicester Urban Area	508,916	Leicester
	3	West Midlands Urban Area	2,440,986	Birmingham	13	Edinburgh Urban Area	488,610	Edinburgh
	4	West Yorkshire Urban Area	1,777,934	Leeds	14	Belfast Urban Area	483,418	Belfast
	5	Greater Glasgow	1,199,629	Glasgow	15	Brighton and Hove built-up area	474,485	Brighton
	6	Liverpool Urban Area	864,122	Liverpool	16	South East Dorset conurbation	466,266	Bournemouth
	7	South Hampshire	855,569	Southampton	17	Cardiff Urban Area	390,214	Cardiff
	8	Tyneside	774,891	Newcastle	18	Teesside	376,633	Middlesbrough
	9	Nottingham Urban Area	729,977	Nottingham	19	The Potteries Urban Area	372,775	Stoke-on-Trent
	10	Sheffield Urban Area	685,368	Sheffield	20	Coventry and Bedworth Urban Area	359,262	Coventry