1997
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1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1997th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 997th year of the 2nd millennium, the 97th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the 1990s decade.
Events[edit]
January[edit]
- January 1 - The Emergency Alert System was first introduced in the US.[importance?]
- January 17 – A Delta II rocket carrying a military GPS payload explodes, shortly after liftoff from Cape Canaveral.
- January 18 – In northwest Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill six Spanish aid workers, three soldiers, and seriously wound another.
- January 19 – Yasser Arafat returns to Hebron after more than 30 years, and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli-controlled West Bank city.
- January 20 – Bill Clinton is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States.
- January 22 – Madeleine Albright becomes the first female Secretary of State, after confirmation by the United States Senate.
February[edit]
- February 4
- On their way to Lebanon, two Israeli troop-transport helicopters collide, killing 73.
- After at first contesting the results, Serbian President Slobodan Milošević recognizes opposition victories in the November 1996 elections.
- February 10 – Sandline affair: Australian newspapers publish stories that the government of Papua New Guinea has brought mercenaries onto Bougainville Island.
- February 13 – STS-82: Tune-up and repair work on the Hubble Space Telescope is started by astronauts from the Space Shuttle Discovery.
- February 22 – In Roslin, Scotland, scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly had been successfully cloned, and was born in July 1996.
- February 27 – Divorce becomes legal in the Republic of Ireland.
- February 28 – North Hollywood shootout: Two robbers wearing kevlar body armor armed with AK-47s containing armor-piercing bullets injure 17 police officers and civilians in a gun battle. The incident sparks debate on the appropriate firepower for United States patrol officers to have available in similar situations in the future.[relevant? ]
March[edit]
- March 4 – U.S. President Bill Clinton bans federal funding for any research on human cloning.
- March 7 – In Sri Lanka, the Tamil Tigers overrun a military base and kill at least 100.
- March 13
- India's Missionaries of Charity chooses Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as its leader.
- The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China creates a new Chongqing Municipality, out of part of Sichuan.
- March 16 – Sandline affair: On Bougainville Island, soldiers of commander Jerry Singirok arrest Tim Spicer and his mercenaries of the Sandline International.
- March 18 – The tail of a Russian An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey, causing the plane to crash, killing all 50 on board, and resulting in the grounding of all An-24s.
- March 21 – In Zaire, Étienne Tshisekedi is appointed prime minister; he ejects supporters of Mobutu Sese Seko from his cabinet.
- March 22 – The Comet Hale–Bopp makes its closest approach to Earth.
- March 24 – The 69th Academy Awards, hosted by Billy Crystal, are held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, with The English Patient winning Best Picture.
- March 24–26 – In San Diego, 39 Heaven's Gate cultists commit mass suicide at their compound.
- March 26 – Julius Chan resigns as prime minister of Papua New Guinea, ending the Sandline affair.
- March 30 – Channel 5 began broadcasting and was the fifth and final national terrestrial analogue network in the United Kingdom.
April[edit]
- April 3 – The Thalit massacre in Algeria: all but 1 of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.
- April 14
- Fire breaks out in a pilgrim camp on the Plain of Mena, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Mecca; 343 die.
- Former S.S. Captain Erich Priebke is retried; on July 22 he is sentenced to five years in prison.
- April 18 – The Red River of the North breaks through dikes and floods Grand Forks, North Dakota, and East Grand Forks, Minnesota, causing US$2 billion in damage.
- April 21 – A Pegasus rocket carries the remains of 24 people into earth orbit, in the first space burial.
- April 22
- Haouch Khemisti massacre: 93 villagers are killed in Algeria.
- A 126-day hostage crisis at the residence of the Japanese ambassador in Lima, Peru.
- April 23 – 42 villagers are killed in the Omaria massacre in Algeria.
- April 29
- The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), CWC treaty enters into force.
- Two trains crash at Hunan, China; 126 are killed.
May[edit]
- May 2 – The Labour Party of the United Kingdom returns to power for the first time in 18 years, with Tony Blair becoming Prime Minister, in a landslide majority in the 1997 general election.
- May 3 – Katrina and the Waves win the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 for the UK with Love Shine a Light.
- May 9 – The first genetically modified three-parent baby is born.[1]
- May 10 – The 7.3 Mw Qayen earthquake strikes eastern Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). At least 1,567 were killed and 2,300 were injured.
- May 11 – IBM's Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, the first time a computer beats a chess World champion in a match.
- May 12
- The Russian–Chechen Peace Treaty is signed.
- An F1-rated tornado strikes downtown Miami, causing $525,000 in damages. Pictures and videos of this tornado made news headlines around the world.
- May 15 – The United States government acknowledges existence of the "Secret War" in Laos (1953–1975) during the Vietnam War, and dedicates the Laos Memorial in honor of Hmong and other "Secret War" veterans.
- May 16
- President Mobutu Sese Seko is exiled from Zaire.
- U.S. President Bill Clinton issues a formal apology to the surviving victims of the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male and their families.
- May 17 – Troops of Laurent Kabila march into Kinshasa.
- May 23 – Mohammad Khatami wins the 1997 Iranian presidential election and becomes the first Iranian Reformist president.
- May 25 – A military coup in Sierra Leone replaces President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah with Major Johnny Paul Koroma.
- May 27 – The second-deadliest tornado of the 1990s hits in Jarrell, Texas, killing 27 people.
- May 31 – The 13-kilometer Confederation Bridge, the world's longest bridge spanning ice-covered waters, opens between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada.
June[edit]
- June 1
- Socialist Party-led Centre-left coalition won the second-round in 1997 French legislative elections, began with the third Cohabitation (1997–2002).
- Hugo Banzer wins the Presidential elections in Bolivia.
- June 2 – In Denver, Colorado, Timothy McVeigh is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
- June 10 – Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief, Son Sen, and 11 of Sen's family members, before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold.
- June 11 – In the United Kingdom, the House of Commons votes for a total ban on handguns.
- June 13 – A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
- June 16 – About 50 people are killed in the Daïat Labguer (M'sila) massacre in Algeria.
- June 21 - The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) plays its first game at The Great Western Forum in Los Angeles. [2]
- June 25
- A massive eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat leads to evacuation and eventual abandonment of the capital, Plymouth.
- An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian space station Mir.
- June 26 – Bertie Ahern is appointed as the 10th Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland and Mary Harney is appointed as the 16th, and first female, Tánaiste, after their parties, Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats respectively, win the 1997 General Election.
- June 26 – Bloomsbury Publishing publishes J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in London.
July[edit]
- July – The 1997 Central European flood occurs across Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic.
- July 1 – The United Kingdom hands sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
- July 2 – The Bank of Thailand floats the baht, triggering the Asian financial crisis.
- July 4 – NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.
- July 5
- In Cambodia, Hun Sen of the Cambodian People's Party overthrows Norodom Ranariddh in a coup.
- The Egyptian Islamic Group announces a cessation-of-violence initiative.
- July 8 – NATO invites the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to join the alliance in 1999.
- July 10 – In London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neanderthal skeleton, which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution, placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
- July 11 – Thailand's worst hotel fire at Pattaya kills 90.
- July 13 – The remains of Che Guevara are returned to Cuba for burial, alongside some of his comrades. Guevara and his comrades were executed on October 9 1967 in Bolivia.
- July 15 – Spree killer Andrew Cunanan shoots fashion designer Gianni Versace dead outside Versace's Miami residence.
- July 17 – The F. W. Woolworth Company closes after 117 years in business.
- July 25 – K. R. Narayanan is sworn in as India's 10th president and the first member of the Dalit caste to hold this office.
- July 27 – About 50 are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria.
- July 30 – 18 people are killed in the Thredbo landslide in the Snowy Mountains resort in Australia.
August[edit]
- August 1 – Boeing and McDonnell Douglas complete a merger.
- August 3 – Between 40 and 76 villagers are killed in the Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria.
- August 3–11 – Two of the three islands of the Union of the Comoros – Anjouan and Mohéli – attempt to revert to colonial rule by France. The plan fails when the French government of President Jacques Chirac refuses to recolonize them resulting in the two islands being reintegrated into the Comoros over the next two years.
- August 4 – Jeanne Calment, the oldest person ever, dies at age 122 years 164 days in Arles, France.
- August 6 – Korean Air Flight 801 crash lands west of Guam International Airport, resulting in the deaths of 228 people.
- August 20 – More than 60 are killed, 15 kidnapped in the Souhane massacre in Algeria.
- August 26
- 60–100 are killed in the Beni Ali massacre in Algeria.
- The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning is set up in Northern Ireland, as part of a peace process.
- August 29 – Over 98 (and possibly up to 400) are killed in the Rais massacre in Algeria.
- August 31 – Death of Diana, Princess of Wales: Diana, Princess of Wales is taken to a hospital after a car accident shortly after midnight, in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in Paris. She is pronounced dead at 4:00 am.[3]
September[edit]
The funeral cortege of Diana, Princess of Wales, en route to Westminster Abbey from Kensington Palace.
- September 1 – Dublin Regulation on treatment of applications for right of asylum under European Union law first comes into force.
- September 5
- Over 87 are killed in the Beni Messous massacre in Algeria.
- The International Olympic Committee picks Athens, Greece, to be the host city for the 2004 Summer Olympics.[4]
- September 6 – The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, takes place at Westminster Abbey, watched by over two billion people worldwide.
- September 11 – Scotland votes in favour of a devolved Parliament forming the Scottish Parliament less than two years later
- September 13 – Iraq disarmament crisis: An Iraqi military officer attacks an UNSCOM weapons inspector on board an UNSCOM helicopter, while the inspector attempts to take photographs of unauthorized movement of Iraqi vehicles inside a site designated for inspection.
- September 15 – The Norwegian parliamentary election was held in Norway.
- September 17 – Iraq disarmament crisis: While waiting for access to a site, UNSCOM inspectors witness and videotape Iraqi guards moving files, burning documents, and dumping waste cans into a nearby river.
- September 18
- Wales votes in favour of devolution and the formation of a National Assembly for Wales.
- Al-Qaeda carries out a terrorist attack in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- September 19 – 53 are killed in the Guelb El-Kebir massacre in Algeria.
- September 21 – The Islamic Salvation Army, the Islamic Salvation Fronts' armed wing, declares a unilateral ceasefire in Algeria.
- September 25 – Iraq disarmament crisis: UNSCOM inspector Dr. Diane Seaman catches several Iraqi men sneaking out the back door of an inspection site, with log books for the creation of prohibited bacteria and chemicals.
- September 26
- Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 crashes while on approach to Medan, North Sumatra, during the 1997 Southeast Asian haze, killing all 234 people on board. This becomes the deadliest aviation accident in Indonesian history.
- An earthquake strikes the Italian regions of Umbria and Marche, causing part of the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi to collapse.
October[edit]
- October 2 – British scientists Moira Bruce and John Collinge, with their colleagues, independently show that the new variant form of the Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is the same disease as Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
- October 4 – Loomis Fargo Bank Robbery: The second largest cash robbery in U.S. history ($17.3 million, mostly in small bills) occurs at the Charlotte, North Carolina office of Wells Fargo. An FBI investigation eventually results in 24 convictions and the recovery of approximately 95% of the stolen cash.
- October 12 – 43 are killed at a false roadblock, in the Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria.
- October 15
- Andy Green sets the first supersonic land speed record for the ThrustSSC team, led by Richard Noble of the UK. ThrustSSC goes through the flying mile course at Black Rock Desert, Nevada at an average speed of 1,227.985 km/h (763.035 mph).
- NASA launches the Cassini–Huygens probe to Saturn.
- October 16 – The first color photograph appears on the front page of The New York Times.
- October 17 – The remains of Che Guevara are laid to rest with full military honours in a specially built mausoleum in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba, where he had won the decisive battle of the Cuban Revolution 39 years before.
- October 29 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq says it will begin shooting down Lockheed U-2 surveillance planes being used by UNSCOM inspectors.
November[edit]
- November 11 – Telecom companies WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a US$37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom, the largest merger in U.S. history.
- November 12 – Mary McAleese is elected the eighth President of Ireland in succession to Mary Robinson, the first time in the world that one woman has succeeded another as elected head of state.
- November 13 – Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
- November 17 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by 6 Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut.
- November 19 – In Des Moines, Iowa, Bobbi McCaughey gives birth to septuplets in the second known case where all seven babies are born alive, and the first in which all survive infancy.
- November 27 – NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission is launched, the start of the satellite component of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System.
December[edit]
- December 1 – In the Indian state of Bihar, Ranvir Sena attacks the CPI(ML) Party Unity stronghold Lakshmanpur-Bathe, killing 63 lower caste people.
- December 3 – In Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, representatives from 121 countries sign a treaty prohibiting the manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel land mines. However, the United States, the People's Republic of China, Russia, South Korea and 32 other nations do not sign and/or ratify the treaty.
- December 10 – The capital of Kazakhstan is moved from Almaty to Astana.
- December 11 – The Kyoto Protocol is adopted by a United Nations committee.
- December 19
- Janet Jagan (widow of Cheddi Jagan) takes office in Guyana.
- James Cameron's Titanic, the then highest-grossing film of all time, based on the 1912 disaster and the 1985 discovery, premieres in the U.S.
- SilkAir Flight 185 crashes into the Musi River, near Palembang in Indonesia, killing 104.
- December 21 – Brazil beats Australia 6–0 in the Confederations Cup final.
- December 24 – 50–100 villagers are killed in the Sid El-Antri massacre in Algeria.
- December 27 – Ulster loyalist paramilitary leader Billy Wright is assassinated in Northern Ireland, inside Long Kesh prison.
- December 29 – Hong Kong begins to kill all the chickens within its territory (1.25 million) to stop the spread of a potentially deadly influenza strain.
- December 30 – Wilaya of Relizane massacres of December 30, 1997: In the worst incident in Algeria's insurgency, 400 are killed from four villages in the wilaya of Relizane.
Date unknown[edit]
- The Toyota Prius, the first hybrid vehicle to go into full production, is unveiled in Japan on October 24, and goes on sale in Japan on December 9. It comes to U.S. showrooms on July 11, 2000.[5]
Births[edit]
| Births |
|---|
| January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
January[edit]
- January 1 – Chidozie Awaziem, Nigerian footballer
- January 3 – Jérémie Boga, French footballer
- January 4 – Pauline Schäfer, German gymnast
- January 7
- Lamar Jackson, American football player
- Pablo Rosario, Dutch footballer
- January 8 – Jack Andraka, American scientist
- January 9
- Issa Diop, French footballer
- Elvira Herman, Belarusian athlete
- January 11 – Cody Simpson, Australian singer-songwriter
- January 13
- Egan Bernal, Colombian road bicycle racer
- Connor McDavid, Canadian ice hockey player
- Ivan Provorov, Russian ice hockey player
- January 14 – Francesco Bagnaia, Italian motorcycle racer
- January 15 – Valentina Zenere, Argentine actress, model, and singer
- January 17 – Jake Paul, American actor
- January 21
- Jeremy Shada, American actor, voice actor, singer and musician
- Yang Yang, Chinese paralympic swimmer
- January 23
- Sophie Hahn, English paralympic sprinter
- Lexie Priessman, American artistic gymnast
- Ramadan Sobhi, Egyptian footballer
- Gudaf Tsegay, Ethiopian middle-distance runner
- January 25 – Noah Hanifin, American ice hockey player
- January 29
- Joel Eriksson Ek, Swedish hockey player
- Jack Roslovic, American hockey player
- January 30 – Shim Suk-hee, South Korean speed skater
- January 31 – Anatoliy Ryapolov, Russian long jumper
February[edit]
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- February 2 – Jaheel Hyde, Jamaican sprinter
- February 3 – Lewis Cook, English footballer
- February 5 – Luke Newton, English actor
- February 7
- Saquon Barkley, American football player
- Anhelina Kalinina, Ukrainian tennis player
- February 8 – Kathryn Newton, American actress
- February 10
- Josh Jackson, American basketball player
- Chloë Grace Moretz, American actress
- Rozaliya Nasretdinova, Russian swimmer
- Josh Rosen, American football player
- February 11
- Damien Harris, American football player
- Mike Hughes, American football player
- Nasty C, South African rapper
- Rosé, New Zealand singer
- February 13 – Deondre Francois, American football player
- February 14 – Breel Embolo, Swiss footballer
- February 15
- Myles Gaskin, American football player
- Derrick Jones Jr., American basketball player
- February 20 – Mitchie Brusco, American professional skateboarder
- February 21 – Ben Rhodes, American racing driver
- February 22 – Anton Chupkov, Russian swimmer
- February 23
- Érick Aguirre, Mexican footballer
- Jamal Murray, Canadian basketball player
- February 24 – César Montes, Mexican footballer
- February 25
- Isabelle Fuhrman, American actress
- Brock Boeser, American ice hockey player
- Santiago Ascacíbar, Argentinian footballer
- Katsiaryna Halkina, Belarusian rhythmic gymnast
- February 26 – Zheng Siwei, Chinese badminton player
March[edit]
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- March 2
- Becky G, American singer
- Arike Ogunbowale, American basketball player
- March 3
- Camila Cabello, Cuban singer
- Jaime Carreño, Chilean footballer
- David Neres, Brazilian footballer
- March 4 – Matisse Thybulle, American basketball player
- March 6
- Alisha Boe, Norwegian actress
- Daniel De Silva, Australian footballer
- March 8
- Iréne Ekelund, Swedish sprinter
- Jurina Matsui, Japanese singer
- March 9 – Niamh Wilson, Canadian actress
- March 10
- Belinda Bencic, Swiss tennis player
- Travis Konecny, Canadian ice hockey player
- March 11
- Lina Qostal, Moroccan tennis player
- March 13 – Ruben Neves, Portuguese footballer
- March 14
- Simone Biles, American gymnast
- Dawid Kownacki, Polish footballer
- March 16
- Vladislav Kozlov, Russian swimmer
- Tyrel Jackson Williams, American actor
- March 17
- Konrad Bukowiecki, Polish athlete
- Katie Ledecky, American swimmer
- March 18
- Ciara Bravo, American actress, voice artist, singer, and comedian
- Mario Burke, Barbadian sprinter
- March 19 – Rūta Meilutytė, Lithuanian swimmer
- March 20 – Bobby Cheng, Australian chess champion
- March 21 – Martina Stoessel, Argentine actress, singer, dancer, and model
- March 22 – Harry Wilson, Welsh footballer
- March 23 – Thiago Maia, Brazilian footballer
- March 27
April[edit]
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- April 1 – Asa Butterfield, English actor
- April 3 – Gabriel Jesus, Brazilian footballer
- April 6 – Pavel Zacha, Czech ice hockey player
- April 8 – Roquan Smith, American football player
- April 9 – Michael Špaček, Czech ice hockey player
- April 10 – Alla Sosnitskaya, Russian artistic gymnast
- April 11
- Max Clegg, English speedway racer
- Ethan Couch, American criminal
- Mélovin, Ukrainian singer-songwriter
- April 12 – Katelyn Ohashi, American artistic gymnast
- April 14 – D. J. Moore, American football player
- April 15
- Jesse Little, American stock car racing driver
- Maisie Williams, English actress
- April 16 – Daniel Rioli, Australian rules footballer
- April 18
- Donny van de Beek, Dutch footballer
- Matthias Blübaum, German chess grandmaster
- April 20 – Alexander Zverev, German tennis player
- April 21 – Mikel Oyarzabal, Spanish footballer
- April 23 – Kim Hae-jin, South Korean figure skater
- April 24
- Kirill Aleshin, Russian ice dancer
- Arturo Deliser, Panamanian sprinter
- Lydia Ko, South Korean-born New Zealand golfer
- Veronika Kudermetova, Russian tennis player
- April 27 – Livio Loi, Belgian motorcycle racer
- April 28 – Denzel Ward, American football player
- April 29 – Ekaterina Baturina, Russian artistic gymnast
May[edit]
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- May 2
- BamBam, Thai singer
- Blake Rutherford, American baseball first baseman and outfielder
- May 3
- Desiigner, American hip hop artist
- Dwayne Haskins, American football player[6][importance?]
- Ivana Jorović, Serbian tennis player
- May 4 – Nicolas Prattes, Brazilian actor
- May 5 – Mitch Marner, Canadian ice hockey player
- May 6 – Duncan Scott, Scottish swimmer
- May 7
- Daria Kasatkina, Russian tennis player
- Youri Tielemans, Belgian footballer
- May 10
- Richarlison, Brazilian footballer
- Enes Ünal, Turkish footballer
- May 11 – Lana Condor, American actress and dancer
- May 12
- Frenkie de Jong, Dutch footballer
- Morgan Lake, English athlete
- Odeya Rush, Israeli-born American actress
- May 14 – Manushi Chhillar, Indian model and beauty pageant
- May 15 – Ousmane Dembélé, French footballer
- May 19
- Oliver Kylington, Swedish ice hockey player
- Víctor Robles, Dominican baseball outfielder
- May 21 – Kevin Quinn, American actor
- May 22 – Lauri Markkanen, Finnish basketball player
- May 23 – Joe Gomez, English footballer
- May 26
- Mathew Barzal, Canadian ice hockey player
- Julian Zhi Jie Yee, Malaysian figure skater
- May 27 – Daron Payne, American football player
- May 30 – Jake Short, American actor
- May 31 – Cupcakke, American rapper
June[edit]
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- June 1 – Youssef En-Nesyri, Moroccan footballer
- June 5
- Sam Darnold, American football player
- Henry Onyekuru, Nigerian footballer
- June 6 – Grant Shoults, American swimmer
- June 8 – Jeļena Ostapenko, Latvian tennis player
- June 9 – Shen Duo, Chinese swimmer
- June 10 – Sviatoslav Mykhailiuk, Ukrainian basketball player
- June 11
- Kodak Black, American hip-hop artist
- Julia Lavrentieva, Ukrainian pair skater
- John Hunter Nemechek, American stock car racing driver
- June 13
- Katie Lou Samuelson, American basketball player
- Yuta Watanabe (badminton), Japanese badminton player
- June 15 – Madison Kocian, American artistic gymnast
- June 17 – KJ Apa, New Zealand actor
- June 21
- Rebecca Black, American singer
- Derrius Guice, American football player
- June 22
- Lorenzo Dalla Porta, Italian motorcycle racer
- Dinah Jane, American singer
- June 23
- Chen Qingchen, Chinese badminton player
- Antoine Olivier Pilon, French-Canadian actor
- June 25
- Rodrigo Bentancur, Uruguayan footballer
- Bassem Srarfi, Tunisian footballer
- June 26 – Jacob Elordi, Australian actor
- June 27
- H.E.R., American singer
- Shannon Purser, American actress
- June 28 – Shakur Stevenson, American boxer
- June 29 - Jia Yifan, Chinese badminton player
- June 30
- Avika Gor, Indian actress
- Iryna Shymanovich, Russian tennis player
July[edit]
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- July 1 – Grigoriy Oparin, Russian chess grandmaster
- July 2 – Marquese Chriss, American basketball player
- July 3 – Georgios Papagiannis, Greek basketball player
- July 4
- Daniela Nieves, Venezuelan-American actress
- Jason Spevack, Canadian actor and filmmaker
- July 5
- Park Ji-min, South Korean singer
- Anna Styazhkina, Russian chess champion
- July 7 – Gatlin Green, American actress and singer
- July 8 – Bryce Love, American football player and sprinter
- July 12 – Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani activist and Nobel Prize laureate
- July 13 – Leo Howard, American actor and martial artist
- July 14 – Cengiz Ünder, Turkish footballer
- July 17 – Amadou Diawara, Guinese footballer
- July 18
- Bam Adebayo, American basketball player
- Chiara Hölzl, Austrian ski jumper
- Kwon Jin-ah, South Korean singer
- Noah Lyles, American sprinter
- Fionn Whitehead, English actor
- July 19
- Kang Young-seo, South Korean alpine skier
- Zach Werenski, American ice hockey player
- July 22 – Field Cate, American actor
- July 24
- Emre Mor, Turkish footballer
- Cailee Spaeny, American actress and singer
- Andreas Varady, Slovak jazz guitarist
- July 25 – Kayli Barker, American racing driver
- July 26 – Ewa Swoboda, Polish track and field sprinter
- July 27 – Craig Wighton, Scottish footballer
- July 28 – Bilal Ould-Chikh, Dutch-Moroccan footballer
- July 30 – Finneas O'Connell, American musician and actor
August[edit]
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- August 1 – Yomif Kejelcha, Ethiopian long-distance runner
- August 2
- Ke Jie, Chinese professional go player
- Triston McKenzie, American baseball pitcher
- Christina Robinson, American actress
- August 3
- Daniel Crowley, English footballer
- Ronald Jones, American football player
- August 4 – Cinzia Zehnder, Swiss footballer
- August 5
- Braxton Garrett, American baseball pitcher
- Olivia Holt, American actress and singer
- Adam Irigoyen, American actor
- Laura Waem, Belgian artistic gymnast
- August 6 – Sander Svendsen, Norwegian footballer
- August 7 – Kyler Murray, American football player
- August 9 – Leon Bailey, Jamaican footballer
- August 10 – Kylie Jenner, American reality television personality
- August 11 – Kyle Guy, American basketball player
- August 16
- Greyson Chance, American singer, songwriter and pianist
- Piper Curda, American actress
- Tilly Keeper, English actress
- August 18 – Renato Sanches, Portuguese footballer
- August 19 – Maria Titova, Russian rhythmic gymnast
- August 22 – Lautaro Martínez, Argentine footballer
- August 23 – Lil Yachty, American rapper, singer and songwriter
- August 24 – Alan Walker, British-Norwegian music producer
- August 25
- Bryana Salaz, American singer and actress
- Markus Thormeyer, Canadian swimmer
- Mike Weber, American football player
- August 28
- Bazzi, American singer-songwriter
- Emilia McCarthy, Canadian actress
- August 29 – Ainsley Maitland-Niles, English footballer
- August 30 – Dana Gaier, American actress
September[edit]
- September 1 – Jungkook, South Korean singer
- September 1 – Maria Stavitskaia, Russian figure skater
- September 2 – Brandon Ingram, American basketball player
- September 3 – Salome Phajava, Georgian rhythmic gymnast
- September 6 – Tsukushi, Japanese wrestler
- September 7 – Dean-Charles Chapman, English actor
- September 9 – Shriya Sharma, Indian actress
- September 12 – Sydney Sweeney, American actress
- September 13 – Leah Keiser, American figure skater
- September 14 – Benjamin Ingrosso, Swedish singer-songwriter
- September 15
- Jonatan Christie, Indonesian badminton player
- Forrest Whitley, American baseball pitcher
- September 16
- Zsanett Kaján, Hungarian footballer
- Elena Kampouris, American actress
- Jackie Young, American basketball player
- September 17
- Luke Greenbank, British swimmer
- Auston Matthews, American ice hockey player
- September 18
- Alisson Perticheto, Filipina figure skater
- September 20 – Aurélie Fanchette, Seychellois swimmer
- September 23 – John Collins, American basketball player
- September 24 – Malaya Watson, American singer and tuba player
- September 30
- Yana Kudryavtseva, Russian rhythmic gymnast
- Max Verstappen, Dutch racing driver
October[edit]
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- October 1 – Jade Bird, English singer-songwriter
- October 2 – Tammy Abraham, English footballer
- October 3
- Jin Boyang, Chinese figure skater
- Jonathan Isaac, American professional basketball player
- Jo-Ane van Dyk, South African javelin thrower
- October 4 – Seamus O'Connor, Irish snowboarder
- October 6
- Kasper Dolberg, Danish footballer
- Chih-I Tsao, Taiwanese figure skater
- October 7 – Kira Kosarin, American actress and singer
- October 8
- Steven Bergwijn, Dutch footballer
- Bella Thorne, American actress and singer
- October 9 – Angelica Moser, Swiss athlete
- October 10 – Grace Rolek, American actress and singer
- October 16
- Charles Leclerc, Monégasque racing driver
- Naomi Osaka, Japanese tennis player
- October 23
- Daphne Blunt, American fashion blogger
- Nick Bosa, American football player
- Zach Callison, American actor
- October 24
- Claudia Fragapane, British artistic gymnast
- Park So-youn, South Korean figure skater
- October 25
- Tyler Alvarez, American actor
- Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
- October 27
- Lonzo Ball, American basketball player
- Li Meiyi, Chinese pair skater
- October 28
- Taylor Fritz, American tennis player
- Sierra McCormick, American actress
- October 29 – Ale Müller, Mexican actress and singer
- October 31
- Sydney Park, American actress and comedian
- Marcus Rashford, English footballer
November[edit]
- November 1
- Max Burkholder, American actor
- Alex Wolff, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
- November 3 – Lázaro Martínez, Cuban triple jumper
- November 4
- Bea Binene, Filipino actress
- Stratos Iordanoglou, Greek basketball player
- November 6
- Riley Pint, American baseball pitcher
- Hero Fiennes-Tiffin, English actor and model
- November 9
- Matthew Fisher, English cricketer
- Alex Kirilloff, American baseball outfielder
- November 10 – Daniel James, English footballer
- November 12 – Dexter Lawrence, American football player
- November 17
- Jacob Eason, American football player
- James Whitley, British paralympic skier
- November 19
- Zach Collins, American basketball player
- Rachel Parsons, American ice dancer
- November 23 – Akari Takeuchi, Japanese singer
- November 26 – Aubrey Joseph, American rapper and actor
- November 29
- William Byron, American racing driver
- Agata Kryger, Polish figure skater
- Ye Qiuyu, Chinese tennis player
- November 30 – Liu Huixia, Chinese diver
December[edit]
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- December 1 - Jung Chae-yeon, South Korean singer and actress
- December 3
- Hayley Okines, English progeria activist (d. 2015)
- Rashan Gary, American football player
- December 5
- Khaleel Ahmed, Indian cricketer
- Clara Rugaard, Danish actress and singer
- Sophie Simnett, English actress
- December 8 – Ilaria Käslin, Swiss artistic gymnast
- December 11
- Ben Cook, American actor
- Taylor Hickson, Canadian actress and singer
- December 12 – Ed Oliver, American football player[importance?]
- December 15
- Magdalena Fręch, Polish tennis player
- Kelvin Harmon, American football player[importance?]
- December 16
- Zara Larsson, Swedish singer and songwriter
- Bassam Al-Rawi, Iraqi-born Qatari footballer
- December 17 – Shoma Uno, Japanese figure skater
- December 18 – Ronald Acuña, Venezuelan baseball outfielder
- December 20
- De'Aaron Fox, American basketball player
- Suzuka Nakamoto, Japanese singer
- December 22 – Taylor Rapp, American football player
- December 23 – Luka Jović, Serbian footballer
- December 24 – Oreoluwa Cherebin, Grenadian swimmer
- December 27
- Ana Konjuh, Croatian tennis player
- Zhao Ziquan, Chinese figure skater
- December 28 – Nash Grier, American Internet personality
- December 30 – Anastasiya Malyavina, Ukrainian swimmer
- December 31 – Cameron Carter-Vickers, American soccer player
Deaths[edit]
| Deaths |
|---|
| January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
January[edit]
- January 1 – Townes Van Zandt, American folk singer (b. 1944)
- January 5
- Bertil, Swedish prince, Duke of Halland (b. 1912)
- Burton Lane, American composer and lyricist (b. 1912)
- January 6 – Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (b. 1912)
- January 8 – Melvin Calvin, American chemist (b. 1911)
- January 9 – Jesse White, American actor (b. 1917)
- January 10
- Sheldon Leonard, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
- Alexander R. Todd, Scottish chemist (b. 1907)
- January 12 – Charles Brenton Huggins, Canadian-born cancer researcher (b. 1901)
- January 17 – Clyde Tombaugh, American astronomer (b. 1906)
- January 18 – Paul Tsongas, American politician (b. 1941)
- January 19
- Adriana Caselotti, American actress, voice actress and singer (b. 1916)
- James Dickey, American poet and novelist (b. 1923)
- January 21
- Colonel Tom Parker, Dutch-born celebrity manager (b. 1909)
- Polly Ann Young, American actress (b. 1908)
- January 23 – Richard Berry, American singer and composer (b. 1935)
- January 25 – Jeane Dixon, American astrologer (b. 1904)
- January 27 – Richard X. Slattery, American character actor in film, theater and television (b. 1925)
February[edit]
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- February 1 – Marjorie Reynolds, American actress (b. 1917)
- February 5 – Pamela Harriman, American diplomat (b. 1920)
- February 9
- Brian Connolly, Scottish musician (b. 1945)
- Barry Evans, English actor (b. 1943)
- February 10 – Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (b. 1915)
- February 11 – Don Porter, American actor (b. 1912)
- February 12 – James Cossins, English actor (b. 1933)
- February 16 – Ethel Owen, American actress (b. 1893)
- February 19 – Deng Xiaoping, Chinese revolutionary and statesman (b. 1904)
- February 23 – Tony Williams, American musician (b. 1945)
- February 25 – Arthur Hewlett, English actor (b. 1907)
- February 26 – David Doyle, American actor (b. 1929)
March[edit]
- March 2 – Judi Bari, American environmental activist (b. 1949)
- March 4 – Robert H. Dicke, American experimental physicist (b. 1916)
- March 6
- Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (b. 1918)
- Michael Manley, 2-Time Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1924)
- March 7
- Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist (b. 1912)
- Martin Kippenberger, German artist (b. 1953)
- March 9
- The Notorious B.I.G., American rapper (b. 1972)
- Terry Nation, Welsh screenwriter (b. 1930)
- March 10 – LaVern Baker, American singer (b. 1929)
- March 14 – Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-born director (b. 1907)
- March 15 – Gail Davis, American actress (b. 1925)
- March 17 – Jermaine Stewart, American singer (b. 1957)
- March 19 – Willem de Kooning, Dutch artist (b. 1904)
- March 20 – Tony Zale, American boxer (b. 1913)
- March 21
- Wilbert Awdry, British children's writer (b. 1911)
- John Nemechek, American race car driver (b. 1970)
- March 31 – Friedrich Hund, German physicist (b. 1896)
April[edit]
- April 1 – Jolie Gabor, Hungarian socialite (b. 1896)
- April 5
- Allen Ginsberg, American poet (b. 1926)
- Ignazio Buttitta, Sicilian dialectal poet (b. 1899)
- April 8 – Laura Nyro, American singer and composer (b. 1947)
- April 7 – Georgy Shonin, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1935)
- April 10 – Michael Dorris, American author (b. 1945)
- April 12 – George Wald, American scientist (b. 1906)
- April 15 – Don Bexley, American actor and comedian (b. 1910)
- April 16
- Doris Angleton, American socialite (b. 1951)
- Roland Topor, French illustrator (b. 1938)
- April 17 – Chaim Herzog, Israel politician, 6th President of Israel (b. 1918)
- April 19 – Eldon Hoke, American singer and drummer (b. 1958)
- April 20 – Jean Louis, American costume designer (b. 1907)
- April 21
- Andrés Rodríguez, 47th President of Paraguay (b. 1923)
- Diosdado Macapagal, 9th President of the Philippines (b. 1910)
- April 23 – Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Chechen historian (b. 1908)
- April 24
- Pat Paulsen, American comedian (b. 1927)
- Eugene Stoner, American firearms designer and engineer (b. 1922)
- April 26 – John Beal, American actor (b. 1909)
- April 30 – Henry Picard, American golfer (b. 1906)
May[edit]
- May 1 – Bo Widerberg, Swedish film director (b. 1930)
- May 2
- John Eccles, Australian neurophysiologist (b. 1903)
- Paulo Freire, Brazilian educator and philosopher (b. 1921)
- May 4 – Wijeyananda Dahanayake, 5th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1901)
- May 5 – Walter Gotell, German actor (b. 1924)
- May 13 – Laurie Lee, English author (b. 1914)
- May 16 – Giuseppe De Santis, Italian film director (b. 1917)
- May 18 – Bridgette Andersen, American actress (b. 1975)
- May 20 – Virgilio Barco Vargas, 27th President of Colombia (b. 1921)
- May 22 – Alfred Hershey, American biochemist (b. 1908)
- May 24 – Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (b. 1923)
- May 26 – Manfred von Ardenne, German physicist and inventor (b. 1907)
- May 29 – Jeff Buckley, American musician (b. 1966)
June[edit]
- June 2 – Helen Jacobs, American tennis champion (b. 1908)
- June 3 – Dennis James, American game show host (b. 1917)
- June 4 – Ronnie Lane, English musician (b. 1946)
- June 6 – Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (b. 1915)
- June 8 – Reid Shelton, American actor (b. 1924)
- June 12 – Bulat Okudzhava, Soviet singer (b. 1924)
- June 14
- Helmut Fischer, German actor (b. 1926)
- Richard Jaeckel, American actor (b. 1926)
- June 15 – Son Sen, Cambodian politician and criminal (b. 1930)
- June 18 – Lev Kopelev, Soviet writer and dissident (b. 1912)
- June 21 – Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor, singer, producer, and director (b. 1931)
- June 22
- Ted Gärdestad, Swedish singer, songwriter and musician (b. 1956)
- Don Henderson, British actor (b. 1931)
- June 23 – Betty Shabazz, American educator and activist (b. 1936)
- June 24
- Don Hutson, American football player (b. 1913)
- Brian Keith, American actor (b. 1921)
- June 25 – Jacques Cousteau, French explorer (b. 1910)
- June 26 – Israel Kamakawiwoʻole, Hawaiian singer (b. 1959)
- June 29 – William Hickey, American actor (b. 1927)
July[edit]
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- July 1 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (b. 1917)
- July 2 – James Stewart, American actor and soldier (b. 1908)
- July 8 – Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, 6th President of Bangladesh (b. 1916)
- July 13 – Alexandra Danilova, Russian-American ballerina and dance instructor (b. 1903)
- July 14 – Sir Garfield Barwick, Australian Chief Justice (b. 1903)
- July 15 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (b. 1946)
- July 18 – Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American astronomer (b. 1928)
- July 20 – John Akii-Bua, Ugandan hurdler (b. 1949)
- July 23
- Andrew Cunanan, American serial killer (b. 1969)
- Chūhei Nambu, Japanese athlete (b. 1904)
- July 24
- William J. Brennan Jr., American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1906)
- Frank Parker, American tennis champion (b. 1916)
- July 25 – Ben Hogan, American golf champion (b. 1912)
- July 26 – Jaime Milans del Bosch, Spanish general and insurgent (b. 1915)
- July 28
- Rosalie Crutchley, English actress (b. 1920)
- Seni Pramoj, Thai politician, 6th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1905)
- July 30 – Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1913)
August[edit]
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- August 1
- Ngiratkel Etpison, 5th President of Palau (b. 1925)
- Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (b. 1915)
- August 2
- William S. Burroughs, American author (b. 1914)
- Fela Kuti, Nigerian musician and political activist (b. 1938)
- August 4 – Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian, oldest person ever (b. 1875)
- August 6 – Lance Barnard, Australian politician (b. 1919)
- August 10 – Conlon Nancarrow, American-born composer (b. 1912)
- August 12 – Luther Allison, American musician (b. 1939)
- August 16 – Donn Reynolds, Canadian country musician (b. 1921)
- August 21
- Misael Pastrana Borrero, 23rd President of Colombia (b. 1923)
- Yuri Nikulin, Soviet and Russian actor and clown (b. 1921)
- August 23
- Eric Gairy, 1st Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1922)
- John Kendrew, British molecular biologist (b. 1917)
- August 24
- Werner Abrolat, German actor (b. 1924)
- Louis Essen, English physicist (b. 1908)
- August 27 – Sally Blane, American actress (b. 1910)
- August 31 – Diana, Princess of Wales, (b. 1961)
September[edit]
- September 1 – Zoltán Czibor, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929)
- September 2 – Viktor Frankl, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (b. 1905)
- September 5
- Sir Georg Solti, Hungarian-born British conductor (b. 1912)
- Mother Teresa, Indian nun, missionary and saint (b. 1910)
- September 7 – Mobutu Sese Seko, 2nd President of Zaire (b. 1930)
- September 9 – Burgess Meredith, American actor (b. 1907)
- September 10 – Fritz Von Erich, American professional wrestler (b. 1929)
- September 12
- Stig Anderson, Swedish talent manager (b. 1931)
- Leonard Maguire, Scottish actor (b. 1924)
- September 17
- Benjamin Atkins, American serial killer (b. 1968)
- Red Skelton, American comedy entertainer (b. 1913)
- September 18 – Jimmy Witherspoon, American blues singer (b. 1920)
- September 19
- Jack May, English actor (b. 1922)
- Rich Mullins, American Christian musician (b. 1955)
- September 23 – Shirley Clarke, American filmmaker (b. 1919)
- September 25 – Jean Françaix, French composer (b. 1912)
- September 29 – Roy Lichtenstein, American artist (b. 1923)
- September 30 – Nobuo Fujita, Japanese aviator (b. 1911)
October[edit]
- October 4
- Otto Ernst Remer, German Wehrmacht officer (b. 1912)
- Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese video game franchise creator (b. 1941)
- October 5 – Brian Pillman, American professional wrestler (b. 1962)
- October 7 − Orlando Ramón Agosti, Argentine general (b. 1924)
- October 12 – John Denver, American musician (b. 1943)
- October 13 – Adil Çarçani, Albanian politician (b. 1922)
- October 14 – Harold Robbins, American writer (b. 1916)
- October 16
- Audra Lindley, American actress (b. 1918)
- James A. Michener, American writer (b. 1907)
- October 19
- Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
- Pilar Miró, Spanish screenwriter and film director (b. 1940)
- October 23 – Bert Haanstra, Dutch filmmaker (b. 1916)
- October 24 – Don Messick, American voice actor (b. 1926)
- October 29 – Anton LaVey, American author, musician, and occultist (b. 1930)
- October 30 – Samuel Fuller, American screenwriter and director (b. 1912)
November[edit]
- November 1 – Victor Mills, American chemical engineer (b. 1897)
- November 2 – Shōshin Nagamine, Japanese author and soldier, police officer, and karate master (b. 1907)
- November 5
- Peter Jackson, Australian rugby league player (b. 1964)
- Isaiah Berlin, Russian-British social and political theorist (b. 1909)
- November 8 – Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, Iranian author (b. 1892)
- November 11 – Rod Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950)
- November 17 – Milič Čapek, Czech–American philosopher (b. 1909)
- November 21 – Robert Simpson, English composer (b. 1921)
- November 22
- Joanna Moore, American actress (b. 1934)
- Michael Hutchence, Australian singer-songwriter (b. 1960)
- November 24 – Barbara, French singer (b. 1930)
- November 25 – Hastings Banda, 1st President of Malawi (b. 1898)
- November 30 – Kathy Acker, American author (b. 1947)
December[edit]
- December 1 – Stéphane Grappelli, French violinist (b. 1908)
- December 2 – Michael Hedges, American composer and guitarist (b. 1953)
- December 7 – Billy Bremner, British footballer (b. 1942)
- December 14
- Stubby Kaye, American actor (b. 1918)
- Owen Barfield, British philosopher, poet, and critic (b. 1898)
- December 16
- Lillian Disney, American artist (b. 1899)
- Nicolette Larson, American pop singer (b. 1952)
- December 18 – Chris Farley, American actor and comedian (b. 1964)
- December 19
- Masaru Ibuka, Japanese electronics industrialist (b. 1908)
- Jimmy Rogers, American musician (b. 1924)
- December 20
- Juzo Itami, Japanese film director (b. 1933)
- Denise Levertov, English-born American poet (b. 1923)
- December 21 – Amie Comeaux, American country music singer (b. 1976)
- December 23 – Stanley Cortez, American cinematographer (b. 1908)
- December 24 – Toshiro Mifune, Japanese actor (b. 1920)
- December 25
- Denver Pyle, American actor (b. 1920)
- Anita Conti, French explorer and photographer (b. 1899)
- December 27 – Billy Wright, Northern Irish paramilitary leader (b. 1960)
- December 31 – Billie Dove, American actress (b. 1903)
Nobel Prizes[edit]
- Chemistry – Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
- Economics – Bank of Sweden – Robert C. Merton, Myron Scholes
- Literature – Dario Fo
- Peace – International Campaign to Ban Landmines and Jody Williams
- Physics – Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips
- Medicine – Stanley B. Prusiner
Jahseh Dwayne Ricardo Onfroy, known professionally as XXXTentacion, was an American rapper, singer, songwriter and musician. Despite being a controversial figure due to myriad legal issues, Onfroy developed a substantial young following and bursts of popularity during his short career. He was often credited by critics and fans for his musical versa… Daniel Hernandez, known professionally as 6ix9ine or Tekashi69, is an American rapper. His music has been marked by an aggressive style of rapping, while his controversial public persona is characterized by his distinctive rainbow-colored hair, extensive tattoos, public feuds with fellow celebrities, and legal issues.Bryan Quang Le, better known as RiceGum, is an American YouTube personality and rapper, best known for his diss tracks and online feuds with other YouTube personalities. In November 2017, Le was ranked at number 25 on the Billboard Emerging Artists chart.
References[edit]
- ^ "DocGuide". DocGuide. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
- ^ "Twenty seasons later, a look back at WNBA's first game". ESPN.com. June 16, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
- ^ "Series of Real-Time Reports involving the tragic death of Diana, Princess of Wales". Emergency. 1997. Archived from the original on May 7, 2008. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
- ^ Longman, Jere (September 6, 1997). "Athens Wins a Vote for Tradition, and the 2004 Olympics". The New York Times. Retrieved September 18, 2017.
- ^ Alex Taylor III (February 24, 2006). "The Birth of the Prius". Money.cnn.com. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
- ^ Greenstein, Teddy. "Heisman Trophy finalist Dwayne Haskins was destined to select Ohio State. Next up: Become the next Peyton Manning". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
