RELX

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RELX plc
Public limited company
Traded as
ISINGB00B2B0DG97
IndustryInformation and analytics
Predecessor
Founded1993; 27 years ago (1993)
(by merger)
HeadquartersLondon, United Kingdom
Key people
ProductsInformation and data analytics, academic and business publishing, exhibitions
RevenueIncrease £7.492 billion (2018)[1]
Increase £1.964 billion (2018)[1]
Decrease £1.428 billion (2018)[1]
Total assetsIncrease £13.999 billion (2018)[1]
Total equityIncrease £2.359 billion (2018)[1]
Number of employees
Decrease ~30,000 (2019)[2]
Subsidiaries
WebsiteRELX.com

RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British corporate group comprising companies that publish scientific, technical and medical material, and legal textbooks; provide decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations.[3] It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1992 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.

The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the London Stock Exchange, Amsterdam Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). About 55 per cent of the company's revenues are generated from the US, with 23 per cent from Europe and 22 per cent from the rest of the world.[3] The company is one of the constituents of the FTSE 100 Index, Financial Times Global 500 and Euronext 100 Index.

History[edit]

The company, which was previously known as Reed Elsevier, came into being in 1992, as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.[4] The company re-branded itself as RELX in February 2015.[5]

Reed International[edit]

In 1895, Albert E. Reed established a newsprint manufacturing operation at Tovil Mill near Maidstone, Kent.[6]

In 1965 Reed Group, as it was then known, became a conglomerate, creating its Decorative Products Division with the purchase of Crown Paints, Polycell and Sanderson's wallpaper and DIY decorating interests.[7]

In 1970, Reed Group merged with the International Publishing Corporation and the company name was changed to Reed International Limited.[6] The company continued to grow by merging with other publishers and produced high quality trade journals as IPC Business Press Ltd and women's and other consumer magazines as IPC magazines Ltd.[6] The original family owners, the Reeds, were Methodists and encouraged good working conditions for their staff in the then-dangerous print trade.[8]

In 1985 the company decided to rationalise its operations, focusing on publishing and selling off its other interests. Sanderson was sold to WestPoint Pepperell, Inc. of Georgia, United States, that year,[7] while Crown Paint and Polycell were sold to Williams Holdings in 1987.[9] The company's paper and packaging production operations were bundled together to form Reedpack and sold to private equity firm Cinven in 1988.[10]

Amsterdam headquarters of Elsevier

Elsevier NV[edit]

In 1880, Jacobus George Robbers started a publishing company called NV Uitgeversmaatschappij Elsevier (Elsevier Publishing Company NV) to publish literary classics and the encyclopedia Winkler Prins.[6] Robbers named the company after the old Dutch printers family Elzevir,[6] which, for example, published the works of Erasmus in 1587. Elsevier NV originally was based in Rotterdam but moved to Amsterdam in the late 1880s.[6]

Up to the 1930s, Elsevier remained a small family-owned publisher, with no more than ten employees. After the war it launched the weekly Elsevier magazine, which turned out to be very profitable. A rapid expansion followed. Elsevier Press Inc. started in 1951 in Houston, Texas, USA, and in 1962 publishing offices were opened in London and New York. Multiple mergers in the 1970s led to name changes, settling at "Elsevier Scientific Publishers" in 1979. In 1991, two years before the merger with Reed, Elsevier acquired Pergamon Press in the UK.[11]

Reed Elsevier and RELX[edit]

Significant acquisitions[edit]

Company or division/subsidiary Date Acquisition Value
Reed Elsevier 1993-08 Official Airline Guides Inc, a publisher of airline schedules $425 million[12]
Reed Elsevier 1994-10 LexisNexis, an on-line information business $1.5 billion[13]
Reed Elsevier 1997-03 MDL Information Systems Inc, a US software systems and information database developer $320M[14]
Reed Elsevier 1997-06 Chilton Business Group, a US business information publishing company $447M[15]
Reed Elsevier 1998-04 Matthew Bender & Company Inc, a US publisher of legal information $1.65bn[16]
Reed Elsevier 2000-10 Harcourt, an education publishing business $4.5bn plus debt[17]
LexisNexis 2004-07 Seisint of Boca Raton, Florida, which provided the company with access to HPCC Systems for the first time $775M[18]
Reed Elsevier 2005-05 Medimedia, a medical publisher whose imprints included Medicine Publishing and Masson $270M[19]
Reed Elsevier 2008-02 Choicepoint, which had been a spinoff of Equifax's Insurance Services Group in August 1997. The acquisition was completed in September 2008. $4.1bn[20][21]
Reed Business Information 2011-06 Ascend, a London-based civil aviation data analytics company[22] Undisclosed
Reed Elsevier 2011-11 US online-data business Accuity Holdings Inc. from investment firm Investcorp £343M ($530.1M)[23]
LexisNexis Legal & Professional 2012-03 Law360, a US-based online provider of legal information and analysis[24] Undisclosed
Elsevier 2013-04 Mendeley, a London-based desktop and web program for managing and sharing research papers, discovering research data and collaborating online[25] Undisclosed but up to $100M
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 2013-09 Mapflow, a Dublin-based group that helps insurance companies assess geographic risk, in particular in relation to flooding[26] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 2014-04 Tracesmart, a UK-based provider of tracing, identity verification, fraud prevention and anti-money laundering software[27] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 2014-05 Wunelli, a telematics data business which uses driving data for insurers, enabling them to reduce risk exposure and deliver discounts to safer drivers[28] £25m
Accuity 2014-09 Fircosoft, a Paris-based anti-money laundering company[29] €150M
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 2014-11 Health Market Science (HMS), a supplier of high quality data about US healthcare professionals[30] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 2015-01 BAIR Analytics, a US-based law enforcement data company[31] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Legal & Professional 2015-07 MLex, a media organization providing exclusive analysis and commentary on regulatory risk[32] Undisclosed
Reed Business Information 2015-10 Adaptris, a fast-growing supply chain integration business[33] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Legal & Professional 2015-11 Lex Machina, a US-based online provider of legal analytics[34] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 2016-07 Insurance Initiatives, Ltd. (IIL), a business which provides a data distribution platform that extracts, hosts and processes large quantities of data to deliver information predominantly into the point-of-quote in the UK's Property & Casualty Insurance industry.[35] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Legal & Professional 2017-06 Ravel Law, a San Francisco-based legal analytics company[36] Undisclosed
LexisNexis Risk Solutions 2018-01 ThreatMetrix, one of the largest repositories of online digital identities in the world £580M ($830M)[37]
Reed Exhibitions 2018-02 The Gamer Network of video game journalism websites[38] Undisclosed

Significant divestments[edit]

In February 1997, Reed Elsevier divested its trade publishing group (including Heinemann, Methuen, Secker & Warburg, Sinclair-Stevenson, Mandarin, Minerva and Cedar) to Random House.[39] In 1998, Reed Elsevier sold the children's divisions of Heinemann, Methuen, Hamlyn and Mammoth to the Egmont Group.[40]

In February 2007, the company announced its intention to sell Harcourt, its educational publishing division.[41] On 4 May 2007 Pearson, the international education and information company, announced that it had agreed to acquire Harcourt Assessment and Harcourt Education International from Reed Elsevier for $950m in cash.[42] In July 2007, Reed Elsevier announced its agreement to sell the remaining Harcourt Education business, including international imprint Heinemann, to Houghton Mifflin for $4 billion in cash and stock.[43]

In July 2009, Reed Elsevier announced its intention to sell most of its North American trade publications, including Publishers Weekly, Broadcasting & Cable, and Multichannel News, although it planned to retain Variety.[44]

In April 2010, Reed Elsevier announced that it had sold 21 US magazines to other owners in recent months, and that an additional 23 US trade magazines, including Restaurants & Institutions, Hotels, and Trade Show Week would cease publication. The closures were mostly due to the weak economy including an advertising slump.[45]

Variety, the company's last remaining North American title, was sold in October 2012.[46]

In 2014, Reed Business Information sold BuyerZone, an online marketplace; emedia, an American provider of research for IT buyers and vendors; and a majority stake in Reed Construction Data, a provider of construction data.[47][48][49]

In 2016, RELX sold Elsevier Weekly and BeleggersBelangen in the Netherlands.[50]

In 2017 the company sold New Scientist magazine.[51]

In December 2019, RBI announced plans to sell the Farmers Weekly magazine title, website and related platforms, events and awards to MA Agriculture Limited, part of the Mark Allen Group.[52]

Operations and market segments[edit]

Scientific, Technical & Medical[edit]

RELX's Scientific, Technical & Medical business provides information, analytics and tools that help investors make decisions that improve scientific and healthcare outcomes. It operates under the name of Elsevier and generated revenues in the year to 31 December 2017 of £2.5 billion.[3]

ScienceDirect, an online database of primary research, contains 13 million documents.[53]

Scopus is a bibliographic database containing abstracts and citations for academic journal articles. It contains more than 50 million items in more 20,000 titles from 5,000 publishers worldwide.[54]

Mendeley is a desktop and web program for managing and sharing research papers, discovering research data and collaborating online.[55]

Elsevier is the world's largest publisher of academic articles, with 16 per cent market share, according to the Financial Times. It publishes 420,000 articles a year in about 2,500 journals.[3] Its best-known titles are The Lancet and Cell. In 1995, Forbes magazine (wrongly) predicted Elsevier would be "the first victim of the internet" as it was disrupted and disintermediated by the World Wide Web.[56]

Risk & Business Analytics[edit]

Risk & Business Analytics provides decision-making tools which help banks spot money launderers and insurance companies weed out fraudulent claims.[57]

The business claims to have saved the state of Florida more than $60 million a year by preventing benefit fraud.[58]

Accuity Inc.[edit]

Accuity provides financial crime compliance software[59] which allows institutions to comply with sanctions and anti-money laundering compliance programmes.[60] It offers KYC, online subscription-based data and software for the financial services industry.[61] The company's services include helping banks and financial institutions screen for high risk customers and transactions,[62] and providing databases such as Bankers Almanac which allows clients to find and validate bank payment routing data.[60] Accuity serves financial services clients worldwide.[61]

Cirium[edit]

Cirium (previously known as FlightGlobal) provides data and analytics products to the travel industry.[63]

Legal[edit]

RELX's legal business operates under the LexisNexis brand. Many of LexisNexis' brands date back to the nineteenth century or earlier. These include Butterworths and Tolley in the UK and JurisClasseur in France.[64]

Exhibitions[edit]

RELX's exhibitions business is called Reed Exhibitions. It is the world's largest exhibitions company, running 500 shows for 140,000 exhibitors and 7m visitors.[65][66]

Governance[edit]

As of 2017, the board of directors consisted of:[3]

  • Chief Executive: Erik Engstrom
  • Chairman: Anthony Habgood
  • Chief Financial Officer: Nick Luff
  • Non-executive directors:
    • Wolfhart Hauser
    • Robert MacLeod
    • Carol Mills
    • Adrian Hennah
    • Marike van Lier Lels
    • Linda Sanford
    • Ben van der Veer
    • Suzanne Wood

Corporate affairs[edit]

Corporate strategy[edit]

From 2011 to 2014, the average annual value of disposals was about $300m.[29] The predictability of the company's results in recent years has led to a re-rating of the shares.[67][68][69]

Financial performance[edit]

RELX Combined[3] 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Revenue (£m) 5,166 4,509 4,584 5,334 6,071 6,055 6,002 6,116 6,035 5,773 5,971 6,895 7,355 7,492
Adjusted operating profit (£m) 1,142 1,081 1,137 1,379 1,570 1,555 1,626 1,713 1,749 1,739 1,822 2,114 2,284 2,346
Adjusted EPS (p) 31.5p 33.6p 35.9p 44.6p 45.9p 43.4p 46.7p 50.1p 54.0p 56.3p 60.5p 72.2p 81.0p 84.7p
Adjusted EPS (€) € 0.70 € 0.76 € 0.80 € 0.87 € 0.79 € 0.78 € 0.83 € 0.95 € 0.99 € 1.07 €0.835 €0.880 €0.923 €0.982

Social responsibility[edit]

The RELX Environmental Challenge awards grants to projects advancing access to safe water and sanitation.[70]

The Elsevier Foundation supports libraries in developing countries, women scientists and nursing facilities.[71] In 2016 it committed $1m a year, for 3 years, to programmes encouraging diversity in science, technology and medicine and promoting science research in developing countries.[72]

Programmes operated by LexisNexis Legal & Professional include:

  • With the Atlantic Council, launching the first draft of the Global Rule of Law Business Principles which will help businesses, law firms and NGOs promote and uphold the rule of law.[73]
  • With the International Bar Association, launching an application called eyeWitness to Atrocities, designed to capture GPS coordinates, date and time stamps, sensory and movement data, and the location of nearby objects such as Wi-Fi networks. The technology also creates a secure chain of custody to help verify that the images and video has not been edited or digitally manipulated. The goal is to create content that can be used in a court of law to prosecute perpetrators of atrocities and human rights abuses.[74]

Programmes operated by LexisNexis Risk Solutions include:

  • The ADAM (Automated Delivery of Alerts on Missing Children) programme in the US, developed by employees in 2000, which assists in the recovery of missing children through a system of targeted alerts.[75] As of 2017 the programme has helped trace 177 missing children.[3]
  • Social Media Monitor, which assists law enforcement officials in investigating serious crimes such as drug dealing and human trafficking.[76]

Controversy[edit]

Further information: Elsevier § Criticism and controversies

Boycott[edit]

Reed Elsevier has been criticised for the high prices of its journals and services, especially those published by Elsevier. It has also supported SOPA, PIPA and the Research Works Act, although it no longer supports the last. Because of this, members of the scientific community have boycotted Elsevier journals. In January 2012, the boycott gained an online pledge and petition (The Cost of Knowledge) initiated by mathematician and Fields medalist Sir Timothy Gowers.[77] The movement has received support from noted science bloggers, such as biologist Jonathan Eisen.[78] Between 2012 and November 2015, about 15,391 scientists signed The Cost of Knowledge boycott. In 2016, Elsevier received 1.5 million article submissions.[79]

2019 UC system negotiations[edit]

On 28 February 2019 following long negotiations, the University of California announced it would be terminating all subscriptions with Elsevier.[80]

Privacy[edit]

As a data broker Reed Elsevier collected, used, and sold data on millions of consumers.[81] In 2005, a security breach occurred through a recently purchased subsidiary, Seisint, which allowed identity thieves to steal the records of at least 316,000 people.[82] The database contained names, current and prior addresses, dates of birth, drivers license numbers and Social Security numbers, among other data obtained from credit reporting agencies and other sources. In 2008 the company settled an action taken against it by the Federal Trade Commission for multiple failures of security practice in how the data was stored and protected. The settlement required Reed Elsevier and Seisint to establish and maintain a comprehensive security program to protect nonpublic personal information.[82]

Defence exhibitions[edit]

Between 2005 and 2007, members of the medical and scientific communities, which purchase and use many journals published by Reed Elsevier, agitated for the company to cut its links to the arms trade. Two UK academics, Tom Stafford of Sheffield University and Nick Gill, launched petitions calling for it to stop organising arms fairs.[83] A subsidiary, Spearhead, organised defence shows, including an event where it was reported that cluster bombs and extremely powerful riot control equipment were offered for sale.[84][85] In February 2007 Richard Smith, former editor of the British Medical Journal, published an editorial in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine arguing that Reed Elsevier's involvement in both the arms trade and medical publishing constituted a conflict of interest.[86] Subsequently, in June the company announced that they would be exiting the defence exhibition business during the second half of the year.[87]

Collaboration with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)[edit]

In November 2019, legal scholars and human rights activists called on RELX to cease work with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement because their product LexisNexis directly contributes to the deportation of undocumented migrants.[88]

See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "Preliminary Results 2018" (PDF). RELX. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Business Overview". RELX. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "US SEC: Form 20-F Relx Group". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  4. ^ Edward A. Gargan (6 October 1994). "Reed-Elsevier Building Big Presence in the U.S." New York Times. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  5. ^ Robert Cookson. "Reed Elsevier to rename itself RELX Group". Financial Times. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Timeline". Reed Elsevier. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  7. ^ a b "History". Sanderson. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  8. ^ Peter Kirwan (3 March 2008). "Reed Elsevier has no stomach for the tough trade business". Press Gazette. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  9. ^ "Williams Holdings". gracesguide.co.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  10. ^ "All investments". Cinven. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  11. ^ "Maxwell Selling Pergamon, Cornerstone of His Empire". New York Times. 29 March 1991. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  12. ^ Stanley Ziemba (19 August 1993). "British Firm Near Deal To Acquire Airline Guides". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  13. ^ "Publisher Reed Elsevier Agrees to Buy Lexis/Nexis On-Line Business". Los Angeles Times. 5 October 1994. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  14. ^ "Reed Elsevier Agrees to Buy Information Systems Company". New York Times. 25 March 1997. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Reed Elsevier buys Chilton from ABC for US$447 million in June 1997". Wall Street Journal. 23 June 1997. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  16. ^ "Times Mirror sheds units". CNN. 27 April 1998. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  17. ^ "Reed Elsevier, Thomson agree to buy Harcourt for $4.45bn plus debt". The Wall Street Journal. 27 October 2000. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  18. ^ "LexisNexis To Buy Seisint For $775 Million". Washington Post. 15 July 2004. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  19. ^ "Reed Elsevier buys medical publisher". 26 May 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  20. ^ "Acquisition of ChoicePoint Inc. completed". 21 February 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  21. ^ "Equifax to spinoff ChoicePoint in August". 14 July 1997. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  22. ^ Reed Business Information Ltd and Ascend Worldwide Group Holdings Limited (30 June 2011). "Reed Business Information Acquires Ascend, a Leading Provider of Data, Analytics and... -- SUTTON, England, June 30, 2011 /PRNewswire/ --". prnewswire.com. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  23. ^ "Reed Elsevier to Buy Accuity". Wall Street Journal. 26 September 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  24. ^ "LexisNexis Acquires Law360". LexisNexis. 20 March 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  25. ^ "Reed Elsevier buys academic social network Mendeley for up to £65m". The Guardian. 9 April 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  26. ^ "LexisNexis® Risk Solutions Acquires Mapflow". RELX. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  27. ^ "Tracesmart® is now a LexisNexis® company". LexisNexis Risk Solutions. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  28. ^ "Reed Elsevier buys Wunelli to beef up Telematics business". City A.M. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  29. ^ a b Robert Cookson (29 September 2014). "Reed Elsevier to buy sanctions software group FircoSoft for €150m". Financial Times. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  30. ^ Adam Rubenfire (13 November 2014). "LexisNexis to acquire Health Market Science". Modern Healthcare. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  31. ^ "LexisNexis to buy BAIR Analytics, grow in public safety sector". Atlanta Business Chronicle. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  32. ^ "LexisNexis buys regulatory news wire MLex". Talking Biznews. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  33. ^ Wright, Martin (29 October 2015). "RBI acquires software and e-solutions company Adaptris Group Limited". Media Mergers. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  34. ^ "LexisNexis Acquires Premier Legal Analytics® Provider Lex Machina". PRWEB. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  35. ^ "LexisNexis Risk Solutions Acquires Insurance Initiatives Ltd". LexisNexis Risk Solutions. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  36. ^ Loizos, Connie. "Venture-backed Ravel Law sells to LexisNexis | TechCrunch". Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  37. ^ "Britain's Relx to pay 580 million pounds for digital identity group ThreatMetrix". Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  38. ^ Welsh, Oli. "Eurogamer's parent company Gamer Network has been bought by PAX operator ReedPOP •". Eurogamer.net. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  39. ^ "Reed Elsevier to sell book unit to Random House". New York Times. 1 February 1997. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  40. ^ "History of the Egmont Imprints". Penguin Random House. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  41. ^ "Reed Elsevier to sell education arm". Reuters. 15 February 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  42. ^ "Pearson acquires Harcourt Assessment and Harcourt Education International from Reed Elsevier". Pearson. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  43. ^ Michael J. de la Merced (17 July 2007). "Houghton Mifflin to buy Harcourt". New York Times. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  44. ^ Brian Stelter, "Even Media About the Media Are For Sale, New York Times, 31 July 2009.
  45. ^ Lorene Yue, "Restaurants & Institutions magazine shutting down as Reed cuts trade titles", Crain's Chicago Business, 16 April 2010.
  46. ^ "Jay Penske Buys Variety Magazine From Reed Elsevier". Advertising Age. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  47. ^ InPublishing. "News: RBI sells BuyerZone: InPublishing". inpublishing.co.uk. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  48. ^ Martin Wright (20 August 2013). "Ziff Davis Acquires emedia from RBI". MediaMergers. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  49. ^ "BRIEF-Reed sells majority stake in Reed Construction Data to Warburg Pincus". Reuters. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  50. ^ "Reed Business divests Elsevier Weekly and BeleggersBelangen to New Skool Media". De Brauw. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  51. ^ "Relx offloads New Scientist magazine to Kingston Acquisitions". FT. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  52. ^ Cotton, Barney (2 January 2020). "MARK ALLEN GROUP TO ACQUIRE FARMERS WEEKLY". Business Leader. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  53. ^ "ScienceDirect". Davenport University. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  54. ^ "The dimensions of Scopus". Bayerische Staats Bibliothek. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  55. ^ Jason Fitzpatrick. "Mendeley Manages Your Documents on Your Desktop and in the Cloud". Lifehacker. Gawker Media. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  56. ^ "Elsevier leads the business the internet could not kill". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  57. ^ "RELX move into risk helps deliver record revenues". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  58. ^ Kate Santich. "Florida welfare fraud: Florida welfare fraud cost taxpayers $1 billion in 2012". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  59. ^ Vasagar, Jeevan; Lockett, Hudson (30 May 2017). "Singapore penalises Credit Suisse over 1MDB". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  60. ^ a b O’Murchu, Cynthia; Hancock, Melissa (1 May 2014). "Reed Business Information faces scrutiny over sanctions". Financial Times. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  61. ^ a b "Company Overview of Accuity Inc". Bloomberg. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  62. ^ Cutter, Henry (6 December 2017). "The Morning Risk Report: EU's Tax Blacklist May Force Compliance Changes". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  63. ^ "FlightGlobal rebranded as Cirium". Aviation News. 20 February 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  64. ^ "Services offered by Butterworths Legal Publishers". Scottish Law. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  65. ^ Michael Corty (20 September 2010). "Niche markets to boost Reed Elsevier sales". Morning Star. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  66. ^ Job Woudt. "Relx Group voor een kwart onderweg richting bigdatabedrijf". Financiele Dagblat. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  67. ^ Jonathan Guthrie (28 February 2013). "EU left strikes a blow for top bankers". Financial Times. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  68. ^ Jonathan Guthrie. "ICAP case gives enemies of the City a crate of free ammo". Financial Times. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  69. ^ "Reed at $38 bln rubs up against new class of peers". breakingviews.com. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  70. ^ Rob Jordan (29 September 2014). "Stanford freshwater solution gets global recognition". Stanford News. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  71. ^ "11 women scientists announced as winners of Elsevier Foundation OWSD awards". Eurekalert. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  72. ^ "Elsevier Foundation commits $1m to diversity in science". The Bookseller. 2 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  73. ^ "UN Global Compact to Adopt "Global Rule of Law Business Principles"". Atlantic Council. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  74. ^ "EyeWitness app lets smartphones report war crimes". BBC News. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  75. ^ "Four Recently Recovered Missing Children Make 99 recoveries for ChoicePoint(R)'s ADAM Program". Wistv. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  76. ^ "Product Shoot-Out: The Top 4 Social Media Monitoring Apps for LEAs". Insider Surveillance. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  77. ^ Dobbs, David (30 January 2012). "Testify: The Open Science Movement Catches Fire". Wired. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  78. ^ Jop de Vrieze (1 February 2012). "Thousands of Scientists Vow to Boycott Elsevier". Science Magazine. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  79. ^ "Annual Report 2016" (PDF). RELX. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  80. ^ UC Office of the President (28 February 2019). "UC terminates subscriptions with world's largest scientific publisher in push for open access to publicly funded research".
  81. ^ "A Review of the Data Broker Industry: Collection, Use, and Sale of Consumer Data for Marketing Purposes". US Senate. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  82. ^ a b "Agency Announces Settlement of Separate Actions Against Retailer TJX, and Data Brokers Reed Elsevier and Seisint for Failing to Provide Adequate Security for Consumers Data". Federal Trade Commission. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  83. ^ "Elsevier petition". idiolect.org.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  84. ^ Shah, Saeed (14 September 2005). "Cluster bombs on offer at arms fair despite sales ban". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  85. ^ Norton-Taylor, Richard (16 September 2005). "Banned stun guns and leg irons advertised at arms fair". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  86. ^ Smith, Richard (20 February 2007). "Lancet publishers condemned over promotion of arms". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Retrieved 18 March 2007.
  87. ^ "Reed Elsevier says to exit defence industry shows". Reuters. 1 June 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  88. ^ Currier, Cora (14 November 2019). "Lawyers and Scholars to LexisNexis, Thomson Reuters: Stop Helping ICE Deport People". The Intercept.

General references[edit]

External links[edit]

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