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It covers Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea, Protista and all other forms of life.

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Distinguished author

Mary Agnes Chase Collecting Plants, Brazil, Image ID 96-548.tif

Mary Agnes Chase
1869–1963. Standard IPNI form: Chase

Mary Agnes Chase, née Merrill, was an American botanist who worked at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Smithsonian Institution. She is considered one of the world's outstanding agrostologists and is known for her work on the study of grasses, and also for her work as a suffragist. Chase was born in Iroquois County, Illinois and held no formal education beyond grammar school. That aside, she made significant contributions to the field of botany, authored over 70 scientific publications, and was conferred with an honorary doctorate in science from the University of Illinois. She specialized in the study of grasses and conducted extensive field work in North- as well as and South America. Her Smithsonian Field Books collection from 1897 to 1959 is archived in the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

In 1901, Chase became a botanical assistant at the Field Museum of Natural History under Charles Frederick Millspaugh, where her work was featured in two museum publications: Plantae Utowanae (1900) and Plantae Yucatanae (1904). Two years later, Chase joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a botanical illustrator and eventually became a scientific assistant in systematic agrostology (1907), assistant botanist (1923), and associate botanist (1925), all under Albert Spear Hitchcock. Chase worked with Hitchcock for almost twenty years, collaborating closely and also publishing, for instance The North American Species of Panicum (1910).

Following Hitchcock's death in 1936, Chase succeeded him to become senior botanist in charge of systematic agrostology and custodian of the Section of Grasses, Division of Plants at the United States National Museum (USNM). Chase retired from the USDA in 1939, but continued her work as custodian of the USNM grass herbarium until her death in 1963. She was an Honorary Fellow of the Smithsonian Institution (1959) and Fellow of the Linnean Society of London (1961). Agnesia is named in her honour (a monotypic genus of herbaceous South American bamboo in the grass family).

Chase experienced discrimination based on her gender in the scientific field, for example, being excluded from expeditions to Panama in 1911 and 1912 because the expedition's benefactors feared the presence of women researchers would distract men. During World War I, Chase marched with Alice Paul and was jailed several times for her activities. In 1918, she was arrested at the Silent Sentinels rally picketing the White House; she refused bail and was held for 10 days, where she instigated a hunger-strike and was force-fed. The USDA accused her of "conduct unbecoming a government employee," but Hitchcock helped her keep her job. Chase was also an active member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

See also: Distinguished authors of previous months.

Species of the month

North Pacific Giant Octopus

Enteroctopus dofleini

Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)

Some facts about this octopus:

Arm span: Up to 4.3 meters.
Weight: About 15 kg, but can reach to 71 kg.
Life-span: 3–5 years in the wild.
Range: Coastal North Pacific.
Diet: Shrimp, crabs, scallops, abalone, clams, and fish.
Predators: Harbour seals, sea otters, and sperm whales.
Dwelling depth: Around 65 meters deep.

Enteroctopus dofleini isn't something you want to run into when you swim. It is considered the largest octopus around, and can even eat sharks. It lays 120,000 to 400,000 eggs. During reproduction, the male deposits a sperm packet measuring more than 1 meter across. The eggs are then carefully cared for by the female. She stops eating during this care and her life ends soon after the eggs hatch, about 6 months after spawning. The hatchlings are about the size of a grain of rice, but grow fast. Specimens kept in aquaria have demonstrated the ability to recognise individual humans that they frequently come in contact with.

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