Mental Health in America - Glossary and Citations

Any mental illness (AMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, as assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (DSM-IV), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).

AMIYR_U, is an indicator for Any Mental Illness (AMI) based on the 2012 revised predicted probability of SMI. (SMIPP_U). If SMIPP_U is greater than or equal to a specified cutoff point (0.0192519810) then AMIYR_U=1, and if SMIPP_U is less than the cutoff point then AMIYR_U=0. This indicator based on the 2012 model is not comparable with the indicator based on the 2008 model. AMI is defined as having Serious, Moderate, or Mild Mental Illness. Specific details about this variable can be found in the Recoded Mental Health Module Variable Documentation Appendix.

For details, see Section B of the "2011-2012 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/population-data-nsduh/reports?tab=33.

Data survey years 2011-2012, 2012-2013.

Source
SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011, 2012, and 2013. http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHStateEst2012-2013-p1/ChangeTabs/NSDUHsaeShortTermCHG2013.htm

Adults with AMI reporting unmet need is calculated from variable AMHTXND2 and AMIYR_U.  AMIYR_U is defined as above in Adults with AMI. AMHTXND2, is defined as feeling a perceived need for mental health treatment/counseling that was not received. This is often referred to as "unmet need." Data survey years 2010-2011, 2012-2013.

Source
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2-Year R-DAS.https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/content/SAMHDA/index.html. Downloaded and calculated on 7/16/2015.

*Note Regarding SAMHDA R-DAS Below

Adults with AMI who are uninsured is calculated from variable IRINSUR4 and AMIYR_U. AMIYR_U is defined as above in Adults with AMI. A respondent is classified as NOT having any health insurance (IRINSUR4=2) if they meet EVERY one of the following conditions. (1) Not Covered by private insurance (IRPRVHLT=2) (2) Not Covered by Medicare (IRMEDICR=2) (3) Not Covered by Medicaid/CHIPCOV (IRMCDCHP=2) (4) Not Covered by Champus, ChampVA, VA, or Military (IRCHMPUS=2) (5) Not Covered by other health insurance (IROTHHLT=2). Data survey years 2010-2011, 2012-2013.

Source
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2-Year R-DAS. www.icpsr.umich.edu/content/SAMHDA/index.html. Downloaded and calculated on 7/16/2015.

*Note Regarding SAMHDA R-DAS Below

Adults with AMI who did not receive treatment is calculated from variable AMHTXRC3 and AMIYR_U. AMIYR_U is defined as above in Adults with AMI.

A respondent is classified as not receiving treatment if they responded NO to receiving any mental health treatment in the past year which is coded as AMHTXRC3. AMHTXRC3 is defined as having received inpatient treatment/counseling or outpatient treatment/counseling or having used prescription medication for problems with emotions, nerves, or mental health. Respondents were not to include treatment for drug or alcohol use. Respondents with unknown treatment/counseling information were excluded.  Data survey years 2010-2011, 2012-2013.

Source
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2-Year R-DAS. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/content/SAMHDA/index.html. Downloaded and calculated on 7/16/2015 

*Note Regarding SAMHDA R-DAS Below

Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used non-medically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006. Data survey years 2011-2012, 2012-2013.

Source
SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011, 2012, and 2013. http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHStateEst2012-2013-p1/ChangeTabs/NSDUHsaeShortTermCHG2013.htm
 

Disability questions were added to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) core questionnaire in 2004. Disability was determined using the following BRFSS question: “Are you limited in any way in any activities because of physical, mental or emotional problems?” (QLACTLM2). Respondents were defined as having a disability if they answered “Yes” to this question. Respondents were also asked: “Was there a time in the past 12 months when you needed to see a doctor but could not because of cost?” (MEDCOST). The measure was calculated based on individuals who answered Yes to MEDCOST among those who answered Yes to QLACTLM2.

Data survey year 2012 & 2013.

Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/annual_2013.html.Downloaded and calculated on 7/29/15.

Adults aged 18 or older were asked whether they had seriously thought about, made any plans, or attempted to kill themselves at any time during the past 12 months, or if they had received medical attention from a health professional or stayed overnight in a hospital in the past 12 months because of a suicide attempt. Data survey year 2011-2012, 2012-2013.

Source
SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011, 2012, and 2013. http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHStateEst2012-2013-p1/ChangeTabs/NSDUHsaeShortTermCHG2013.htm
 

Children with private insurance that did not cover mental or emotional problems is defined as any child age 0-17 responding YES to HLTINMNT. HLTINMNT is defined as: “Does [SAMPLE MEMBER POSS] private health insurance include coverage for treatment for mental or emotional problems? Data survey year 2011-2012, 2012-2013.

Source
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2-Year R-DAS. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/content/SAMHDA/index.html. Downloaded and calculated on 7/21/2015. 

*Note Regarding SAMHDA R-DAS Below

Mental health workforce availability is the ratio of the county population to the number of mental health providers including psychiatrists, psychologists, licensed clinical social workers, counselors, marriage and family therapists and advanced practice nurses specializing in mental health care. In 2015, marriage and family therapists and mental health providers that treat alcohol and other drug abuse were added to this measure.

Survey data year 2013, 2014.

Source
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/north-dakota/2015/measure/factors/62/description.

This data comes from the National Provider Identification data file, which has some limitations. Providers who transmit electronic health records are required to obtain an identification number, but very small providers may not obtain a number. While providers have the option of deactivating their identification number, some mental health professionals included in this list may no longer be practicing or accepting new clients.

Percent of Children Identified as having a Emotional Disturbance among enrolled students Grade 1-12 and Ungraded. This measure was calculated from data provided by IDEA Part B Child Count and Educational Environments, Common Core of Data.  Under IDEA regulation, Emotional Disturbance is identified as a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child's educational performance: (A) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors. (B) An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.
(C) Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances. (D) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression. (E) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.  Emotional disturbance includes schizophrenia. The term does not apply to children who are socially maladjusted, unless it is determined that they have an emotional disturbance under paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section.  2012-2013

Source
IDEA Data Center, 2013 IDEA Section 618, State Level Data Files, Child Count and Educational Environments. http://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/state-level-data-files/index.html#bccee.

US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data. http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/stnfis.asp

Downloaded and calculated on 7/3/2015.

Among youth age 12-17, major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. For details, see Section B of the "2011-2012 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/population-data-nsduh/reports?tab=33.

Source
SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011, 2012, and 2013. http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHStateEst2012-2013-p1/ChangeTabs/NSDUHsaeShortTermCHG2013.htm

Among youth age 12-17, dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used non-medically, including data from original methamphetamine questions but not including new methamphetamine items added in 2005 and 2006.

Data survey year 2011-2012, 2012-2013.

Source
SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011, 2012, and 2013. http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHStateEst2012-2013-p1/ChangeTabs/NSDUHsaeShortTermCHG2013.htm

Youth with Past Year MDE who Did Not Receive Treatment is defined as those who apply to having Past Year MDE as defined above (“Youth with At Least One Past Year Major Depressive Episode”) and respond NO to ANYSMH.

ANYSMH indicates whether a youth reported receiving specialty mental health services in the past year from any of 7 specific inpatient/residential or outpatient specialty sources for problems with behavior or emotions that were not caused by alcohol or drugs. This variable was created based on the following 7 source of treatment variables: stayed overnight in a hospital (YHOSP), stayed in a residential treatment facility (YRESID), spent time in foster care (YFOST), spent time in a day treatment facility (YDAYTRT), received treatment from a mental health clinic (YCLIN), from a private therapist (YTHER), and from an in-home therapist (YHOME).

Youths who reported a positive response (source variable=1) to one or more of the 7 questions were included in the yes category regardless of how many of the 7 questions they answered. Youths who did not report a positive response, but answered all 7 of the questions were included in the no category. Youths who did not report a positive response and did not answer all the questions, and adults were included in the unknown/18+ category.

Data survey years 2010-11, 2012-2013.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2-Year R-DAS. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/content/SAMHDA/index.html. Downloaded and calculated on 7/21/2015. 

*Note Regarding SAMHDA R-DAS Below

Youth with severe MDE is defined as having had MDE in the past year were then asked questions from the SDS to measure the level of functional impairment in major life activities reported to be caused by the MDE in the past 12 months (Leon, Olfson, Portera, Farber, & Sheehan, 1997). The SDS measures mental health-related impairment in four major life activities or role domains. The following variable, YSDSOVRL, is assigned the maximum level of interference over the four role domains of SDS: chores at home (YSDSHOME), school or work (YSDSWRK), family relationships (YSDSREL), and social life (YSDSSOC). Each module consists of four questions that are assessed on a 0 to 10 visual analog scale with categories of "none" (0), "mild" (1-3), "moderate" (4-6), "severe" (7-9), and "very severe" (10). The four SDS role domain variables were recoded so that no interference = 1, mild = 2, moderate = 3, severe = 4, and very severe = 5. A maximum level of interference over all four domains was then defined as YSDSOVRL. A maximum impairment score (YSDSOVRL) is defined as the single highest severity level of role impairment across all four SDS role domains. Ratings greater than or equal to 7 on the scale YSDSOVRL=4, 5 were considered severe impairment.

“Youth with Severe MDE” is defined as the following variable MDEIMPY. MDEIMPY is derived from the maximum severity level of MDE role impairment (YSDSOVRL) and is restricted to adolescents with past year MDE (YMDEYR). Youth met criteria for MDEIMPY if they answered YES to YSDSOVRL and YES to YMDEYR. Data survey years 2010-2011, 2012-2013.

Source
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2-Year R-DAS. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/content/SAMHDA/index.html. Downloaded and calculated on 7/21/2015.

*Note Regarding SAMHDA R-DAS Below

The following variable calculated as how many youth who answered YES to MDEIMPY from “Youth with severe MDE” defined above and SPOUTVST. The variable SPOUTVST, indicates how many times a specialty outpatient mental health service was visited in the past year. The number of visits is calculated by adding the number of visits to a day treatment facility (YUDYTXNM), mental health clinic (YUMHCRNM), private therapist (YUTPSTNM), and an in-home therapist (YUIHTPNM). A value of 6 (No Visits) was assigned whenever a respondent said they had used none of the services (YUDYTXYR, YUMHCRYR, YUTPSTYR, YUIHTPYR all equal 2). A value of missing was assigned when the response to whether received treatment or number of visits was unknown for any of the 4 locations (any of YUDYTXYR, YUMHCRYR, YUTPSTYR, YUIHTPYR=85, 94, 97, 98 OR any of YUDYTXNM, YUMHCRNM, YUTPSTNM, YUIHTPNM=985, 994, 997, 998), unless sum of the visits for services with non-missing information was greater than or equal to 25, in which case a value of 5 (25 or more visits) was assigned. A missing value was also assigned for respondents aged 18 or older. The variable SPOUTVST was recoded for visit distribution as 0 Visits, 1-6 Visits, and 7-25+ Visits. Data survey years 2010-2014.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 4-Year R-DAS. https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/content/SAMHDA/index.html. Downloaded and calculated on 7/21/2015.

*Note Regarding SAMHDA R-DAS Below

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2015). Child Maltreatment 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2015 from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/resource/child-maltreatment-2013.

U.S. Department of Education. SY 20112-2013 Consolidated State Performance Reports Part 2. (2014, February 14). Retrieved September 28, 2015, from http://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/consolidated/sy12-13part2/index.html.

U.S. Department of Education. SY 20112-2013 Consolidated State Performance Reports Part 2. (2014, February 14). Retrieved September 28, 2015 from http://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/consolidated/sy12-13part2/index.html

National Alliance to End Homelessness.The State of Homelessness in America 2013. (2013, April 1). Retrieved September 28, 2015 from http://www.endhomelessness.org/library/entry/the-state-of-homelessness-2013

Trust for America's Health and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Adult Obesity in the United States Data Year 2013. Retrieved August 2015  from http://stateofobesity.org/files/stateofobesity2014.pdf

On September 21, 2015 Trust for America’s Health Updated to 2014 Adult Obesity Rates and can be found here http://stateofobesity.org/adult-obesity/

U.S. Census Bureau. Poverty: 2012 and 2013. (2014, September 1). Retrieved September 2015 from http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2014/acs/acsbr13-01.pdf.

States with Reported Releases of TRI Chemicals to the Environment. (2011)  Retrieved August 2015 from http://scorecard.goodguide.com/ranking/rank-states.tcl?type=mass&category=total_env&modifier=na&how_many=100.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unemployment Rates for States. (2015, July). Retrieved September 1, 2015, from http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm. The U.S. Department of Labor Buruea of Labor and Statistics updates Unemployment Rates for States monthly and can be found here http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm.

Federal Bureau of Investigations. Crime in the United States by State 2012 (2012). Retrieved September 28, 2015 from  https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/tables/5tabledatadecpdf/table_5_crime_in_the_united_states_by_state_2012.xls