0,2

This infinite matrix is the square of the Pascal matrix (A007318) whose rows are [ 1,0,... ], [ 1,1,0,... ], [ 1,2,1,0,... ],...

Number of different partial sums of 1+[1,1,2]+[2,2,3]+[3,3,4]+[4,4,5]+... with entries that are zero removed. - Jon Perry, Jan 01 2004

Row sums are powers of 3 (A000244), antidiagonal sums are Pell numbers (A000129). - Gerald McGarvey, May 17 2005

Riordan array (1/(1-2x),x/(1-2x)). - Paul Barry, Jul 28 2005

T(n,k) is the number of elements of the Coxeter group B_n with descent set contained in {s_k}, 0<=k<=n-1. For T(n,n), we interpret this as the number of elements of B_n with empty descent set (since s_n does not exist). - Elizabeth Morris (epmorris(AT)math.washington.edu), Mar 01 2006

Let S be a binary relation on the power set P(A) of a set A having n = |A| elements such that for every element x, y of P(A), xSy if x is a subset of y. Then T(n,k) = the number of elements (x,y) of S for which y has exactly k more elements than x. - Ross La Haye, Oct 12 2007

T(n,k) is number of paths in the first quadrant going from (0,0) to (n,k) using only steps B=(1,0) colored blue, R=(1,0) colored red and U=(1,1). Example: T(3,2)=6 because we have BUU, RUU, UBU, URU, UUB and UUR. - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 04 2007

T(n,k) is the number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,k) using steps (0,1), and two kinds of step (1,0). - Joerg Arndt, Jul 01 2011

T(i,j) is the number of i-permutations of {1,2,3} containing j 1's. Example: T(2,1)=4 because we have 12, 13, 21 and 31; T(3,2)=6 because we have 112, 113, 121, 131, 211 and 311. - Zerinvary Lajos, Dec 21 2007

Triangle of coefficients in expansion of (2+x)^n. - N-E. Fahssi, Apr 13 2008

Sum of diagonals are Jacobsthal-numbers: A001045. - M. Dols (markdols99(AT)yahoo.com), Aug 31 2009

Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by [2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 15 2009

Eigensequence of the triangle = A004211: (1, 3, 11, 49, 257, 1539, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 07 2010

f-vectors ("face"-vectors) for n-dimensional cubes [see e.g. Hoare]. (This is a re-statement of Bottomley's above.) - Tom Copeland, Oct 19 2012

With P = Pascal matrix, the sequence of matrices I, A007318, A038207, A027465, A038231, A038243, A038255, A027466 ... = P^0, P^1, P^2, ... are related by Copeland's formula below to the evolution at integral time steps n= 0, 1, 2, ... of an exponential distribution exp(-x*z) governed by the Fokker-Planck equation as given in the Dattoli et al. ref. below. - Tom Copeland, Oct 26 2012

The matrix elements of the inverse are T^(-1)(n,k) = (-1)^(n+k)*T(n,k). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 12 2013

Unsigned diagonals of A133156 are rows of this array. - Tom Copeland, Oct 11 2014

A. T. Benjamin and J. J. Quinn, Proofs that really count: the art of combinatorial proof, M.A.A. 2003, id. 155.

H. S. M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, Dover Publications, New York (1973), p. 122.

B. N. Cyvin et al., Isomer enumeration of unbranched catacondensed polygonal systems with pentagons and heptagons, Match, No. 34 (Oct 1996), pp. 109-121.

S. J. Cyvin et al., Unbranched catacondensed polygonal systems containing hexagons and tetragons, Croatica Chem. Acta, 69 (1996), 757-774.

T. D. Noe, Rows n=0..100 of triangle, flattened

John Cartan, Starmaze: Cartan's Triangle.

T. Copeland, Infinitesimal Generators, the Pascal Pyramid, and the Witt and Virasoro Algebras

G. Dattoli, A. Mancho, M. Quattromini and A. Torre, Exponential operators, generalized polynomials and evolution problems, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 61 (2001) 99-108. [From Tom Copeland, Oct 25 2012]

Filippo Disanto, Some Statistics on the Hypercubes of Catalan Permutations, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.2.2.

W. G. Harter, Representations of multidimensional symmetries in networks, J. Math. Phys., 15 (1974), 2016-2021.

Ross La Haye, Binary Relations on the Power Set of an n-Element Set, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 12 (2009), Article 09.2.6.

Graham Hoare, Hypercubes and Chebyshev, Math. Gaz. 74 (470) (1990) 375-377

T(n, k) = sum(i=0..n, C(n, i)*C(i, k) ).

T(n, k) = (-1)^k*A065109(n,k).

G.f.: 1/(1-2*z-t*z). - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 04 2007

Rows of the triangle are generated by taking successive iterates of (A135387)^n * [1, 0, 0, 0,...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 09 2007

From the formalism of A133314, the e.g.f. for the row polynomials of A038207 is exp(x*t)*exp(2x). The e.g.f. for the row polynomials of the inverse matrix is exp(x*t)*exp(-2x). p iterates of the matrix give the matrix with e.g.f. exp(x*t)*exp(p*2x). The results generalize for 2 replaced by any number. - Tom Copeland, Aug 18 2008

Sum(0<=k<=n, T(n,k)*x^k ) = (2+x)^n. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 15 2009

n-th row is obtained by taking pairwise sums of triangle A112857 terms starting from the right. - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 06 2012

T(n,n) = 1 and T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1)+2*T(n-1,k) for k<n. - Jon Perry, Oct 11 2012

The e.g.f. for the n-th row is given by umbral composition of the normalized Laguerre polynomials A021009 as p(n,x) = L(n,-L(.,-x))/n! = 2^n L(n,-x/2)/n!. E.g., L(2,x) = 2-4x+x^2, so p(2,x)= (1/2)L(2,-L(.,-x)) = (1/2)[2 L(0,-x) + 4 L(1,-x) + L(2,-x)]= (1/2)[2 + 4(1+x) + (2+4x+x^2)] = 4 + 4x + x^2/2. - Tom Copeland, Oct 20 2012

From Tom Copeland, Oct 26 2012: (Start)

From the formalism of A132440 and A218272:

Let P and P^T be the Pascal matrix and its transpose and H= P^2= A038207.

Then with D the derivative operator,

   exp[x*z/(1-2z)]/(1-2z)= exp(2z D_z z) e^(x*z)= exp(2D_x x D_x) e^(z*x)

   = (1 z z^2 z^3 ...) H (1 x x^2/2! x^3/3! ...)^T

   = (1 x x^2/2! x^3/3! ...) H^T (1 z z^2 z^3 ...)^T

   = sum(n=0 to infn) z^n * 2^n Lag_n(-x/2)= exp[z*EF(.,x)], an o.g.f. for the f-vectors (rows) of A038207 where EF(n,x) is an e.g.f. for the n-th f-vector. (Lag_n(x) are the un-normalized Laguerre polynomials.)

Conversely,

   exp(z*(2+x))= exp(2D_x) exp(x*z)= exp(2x) exp(x*z)

   = (1 x x^2 x^3 ...) H^T (1 z z^2/2! z^3/3! ...)^T

   = (1 z z^2/2! z^3/3! ...) H (1 x x^2 x^3 ...)^T

   = exp[z*OF(.,x)], an e.g.f for the f-vectors of A038207 where

     OF(n,x)= (2+x)^n is an o.g.f. for the n-th f-vector.

(End)

G.f.: R(0)/2, where R(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - (2*k+1+ (1+y))*x/((2*k+2+ (1+y))*x + 1/R(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Nov 09 2013

A038207 = exp[M*B(.,2)] where M = A238385-I and (B(.,x))^n = B(n,x) are the Bell polynomials (cf. A008277). B(n,2) = A001861(n). - Tom Copeland, Apr 17 2014

Triangle begins:

1

2...1

4...4...1

8...12..6...1

16..32..24..8..1

32..80..80..40..10..1

... -  corrected by Clark Kimberling, Aug 05 2011

for i from 0 to 12 do seq(binomial(i, j)*2^(i-j), j = 0 .. i) end do; # yields sequence in triangular form - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 04 2007

Table[CoefficientList[Expand[(y + x + x^2)^n], y] /. x -> 1, {n, 0, 10}] // TableForm (* Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 20 2011 *)

(PARI) {T(n, k) = polcoeff((x+2)^n, k)}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 27 2000 */

(PARI) { n=13; v=vector(n); for (i=1, n, v[i]=vector(3^(i-1))); v[1][1]=1; for (i=2, n, k=length(v[i-1]); for (j=1, k, v[i][j]=v[i-1][j]+i; v[i][j+k]=v[i-1][j]+i; v[i][j+k+k]=v[i-1][j]+i+1)); c=vector(n); for (i=1, n, for (j=1, 3^(i-1), if (v[i][j]<=n, c[v[i][j]]++))); c } ( Jon Perry )

(Haskell)

a038207 n = a038207_list !! n

a038207_list = concat $ iterate ([2, 1] *) [1]

instance Num a => Num [a] where

   fromInteger k = [fromInteger k]

   (p:ps) + (q:qs) = p + q : ps + qs

   ps + qs         = ps ++ qs

   (p:ps) * qs'@(q:qs) = p * q : ps * qs' + [p] * qs

   _ * _               = []

-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 02 2011

(Haskell)

a038207' n k = a038207_tabl !! n !! k

a038207_row n = a038207_tabl !! n

a038207_tabl = iterate f [1] where

   f row = zipWith (+) ([0] ++ row) (map (* 2) row ++ [0])

-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 27 2013

(Sage)

def A038207_triangle(dim):

    M = matrix(SR, dim, dim)

    for n in range(dim): M[n, n] = 1

    for n in (1..dim-1):

        for k in (0..n-1):

            M[n, k] = M[n-1, k-1]+2*M[n-1, k]

    return M

A038207_triangle(9)  # Peter Luschny, Sep 20 2012

Cf. A007318, A013609, A013610, etc.

See also A000079, A001787, A001788, A001789, A003472, A054849, A002409, A054851, A062715, A099089.

Cf. A135387.

Cf. A004211. - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 07 2010

Sequence in context: A134397 A134395 * A065109 A113988 A134308 A209240

Adjacent sequences:  A038204 A038205 A038206 * A038208 A038209 A038210

nonn,tabl,easy,nice

N. J. A. Sloane

approved