Lincoln Heights is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California. It is a densely populated, youthful area that has a high percentage of Latino, Asian, and Pacific Islander residents. It includes several historic or notable landmarks.
Geography and transportation[edit]
Lincoln Heights is bounded by the Los Angeles River on the west, the San Bernardino Freeway (I-10) on the south, and Indiana Street on the east; the district's Eastern border is unclear due to the area's uneven terrain. Adjacent communities include El Sereno on the east, City Terrace on the southeast, Boyle Heights on the south, Chinatown and Solano Canyon on the west, Cypress Park on the northwest, Mt. Washington on the north, and Montecito Heights on the northeast. Major thoroughfares include Valley Boulevard; Mission Road; Pasadena Avenue; North Main, Marengo, Daly, and Figueroa Streets; and North Broadway. The Golden State Freeway (I-5) runs through the district, and the Metro L Line has a station in the far northwestern portion of the district.
History[edit]
Lincoln Heights is considered to be one of the oldest neighborhoods outside of Downtown Los Angeles , dating to the 1870s and found within the original Spanish four leagues pueblo of Los Angeles land grant. Located on bluffs overlooking the Los Angeles River, it was the home to some of the city's most notable residents, who built numerous Victorian mansions, many of which have been preserved under the city's historic preservation program.[1] Historically, the neighborhood was known as "East Los Angeles" when it was home to the commanding general of the Confederate States Army,
Albert Sidney Johnston, predecessor of Robert E. Lee. His brother-in-law, Dr. John Strother Griffin, also called the suburb home. Johnston Street, Griffin Avenue, and Hancock Street are named after their family.[citation needed] The neighborhood's original name was East Los Angeles, but in 1917 residents voted to change the name to Lincoln Heights.
The area was the first suburban neighborhood of Los Angeles, having been subdivided in 1873. Lincoln Heights was well located to serve as a home for people who worked in the industrial areas lining the Los Angeles River. By the late 1880s a neighborhood commercial district had been built around the intersection of North Broadway and Truman Streets, with business buildings such as the Hayden Block. This is identified as the first suburban neighborhood shopping district in Los Angeles; it was demolished in the mid-20th century to make way for I-5, the Golden State Freeway.[2]
Thereafter, what would be known as North Broadway became a crowded commercial thoroughfare, and by the turn of the 20th century, unfettered industrial construction within the once scenic floodplain made it less appealing for Angelenos of means, who moved out first to the Arroyo Seco area and Hollywood, then (from the 1920s onward) to rapidly developing Mid-Wilshire. As wealthy residents departed, Lincoln Heights became home to a large Italian American population,[3] as well as some Irish American and French American (the 1850s era immigration) residents by the 1930s, also a wave of poor white American residents known as "Okies" from the Great Plains moved into the area. With an increasingly large Mexican American population, Lincoln Heights became a 'barrio by the 1960s. It and its cross-river neighbor "Little Italy" (what is now Chinatown) formed the heart of southern California's Italian-American community. One of the major landmarks from this period, the San Antonio Winery, continues to operate.
In the 21st century, Lincoln Heights is no longer widely considered a barrio, due to the on-going changes being brought by gentrification. The neighborhood has slowly been gentrifying due to the Northeast Los Angeles housing price escalation of 2013 and 2014.[4][5]
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Driving Tour California's Lincoln Heights Hood | Dangerous Latin, Asian, Pacific Islander (Narrated)
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