MSX

MSX is the name of a standardized home computer architecture, first announced by Microsoft on June 16, 1983. It was conceived by Kazuhiko Nishi, then Vice-president at Microsoft Japan and Director at ASCII Corporation. It is said that Microsoft led the project as an attempt to create unified standards among hardware makers. The system was designed to be plug and play, thus requiring no user intervention either on hardware or software to install extensions.

The MSX-based machines were seldom released in the United States, but were popular in Asian countries like Japan and South Korea, South American countries like Brazil and Chile, and in the European market in countries like the Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy and Finland. To a lesser extent, the MSX platform was also popular in the former Soviet Union and Kuwait. The MSX was released almost at the same time as the Nintendo's Family Computer in the countries where both were marketed, becoming Nintendo's main competitor. It is one of the major platforms for which major Japanese game studios, such as Konami, Sega, Compile, Falcom and Hudson Soft, produced video game titles. The Metal Gear series, for example, was originally written for MSX hardware.

MSX1

Msh homeobox 1, also known as MSX1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSX1 gene. MSX1 transcripts are not only found in thyrotrope-derived TSH cells, but also in the TtT97 thyrotropic tumor, which is a well differentiated hyperplastic tissue that produces both TSHß- and a-subunits and is responsive to thyroid hormone. MSX1 is also expressed in highly differentiated pituitary cells which until recently was thought to be expressed exclusively during embryogenesis. There is a highly conserved structural organization of the members of the MSX family of genes and their abundant expression at sites of inductive cell–cell interactions in the embryo suggest that they have a pivotal role during early development.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional repressor during embryogenesis through interactions with components of the core transcription complex and other homeoproteins. It may also have roles in limb-pattern formation, craniofacial development, in particular, odontogenesis, and tumor growth inhibition. There is also strong evidence from sequencing studies of candidate genes involved in clefting that mutations in the MSX1 gene may be associated in the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate. Mutations in this gene, which was once known as homeobox 7, have also been associated with Witkop syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and autosomal dominant hypodontia. Haploinsufficiency of MSX1 protein affects the development of all teeth, preferentially third molars and second premolars. The effect of haploinsufficiency of PAX9 on the development of incisors and premolars is probably caused by a deficiency of MSX1 protein.

Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories

Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar Leeds in conjunction with Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. Released on 24 October 2005 for the PlayStation Portable, it is the ninth game in the Grand Theft Auto series and was preceded by Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and succeeded by Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories. It was published and distributed by Capcom for the Japanese release. It was released on PlayStation 3 via the PlayStation Network on 2 April 2013.

A port for the PlayStation 2 was released on 6 June 2006 in North America. At the time of release, the recommended retail price of the PS2 port was around half the price of the PSP version. The PS2 port does not feature the custom soundtrack ripping capability, in comparison to its PSP counterpart. It was released on 1 October 2009 as a downloadable game on the revised PSP model PSP Go. It was also released for iOS and Android devices on 17 December 2015 and 11th February 2016 respectively.