Lecture - 348 -Affixation in Morphology -Part -2 What do you mean by derivational suffixes? Derivational means derived suffixes. The derivational suffixes form new words coming with bases/ free morphemes. Examples : Prompt + ness + es = promptnesses Principal + ship + s = principalships Prefixes are generally derivational in English. Examples : Pro and Un are the derivational suffixes. " pro + vice chancellor = pro-vicechancellor un +just = unjust Inflectional suffixes are added after the derivational suffixes and end the words, it means the derivational suffixes don't end the words. The derivational suffixes change morpheme's grammatical class. Examples : able: ---love ( verb) --lovable (adjective ),----ar: ---beg ( verb)--beggar ( noun)--en:---weak ( adjective )---weaken ( verb)---er:---teach ( verb)---teacher ( noun) Class Maintaining Derivational Suffixes : These suffixes don't change class of words. It means they maintain (keep) the same class of the words. Examples : hood:---boy ===boyhood ==noun, ship==principal ===principalship ==noun Class Changing Derivational Suffixes : These suffixes change the class of the word or morpheme. Examples : er:==teach (verb) ==teacher ( noun) Zero Morpheme : We can easily make plurals of some morphemes. Examples : Cat + s =cats ==box + es =boxes But we can't make plurals of " sheep" like cats and boxes. We can't say sheeps as sheep + s because 'sheep' has no marker to show the plural forms. It means we cannot use s/es to make its plural marking. It is grammatically given that "sheep" has the singular and plural forms same as a morpheme. Examples : A ( one ) sheep is grazing near a bush. The two sheep are grazing near a bush. By these examples, it proves that sheep has the singular and plural forms same so we can't use sheep as we use cats. This way of using the same forms for the sheep is known as zero morpheme i. e. its singular and plural forms are same. Cattle is also treated like sheep. Thus there are other zero morphemes for which also we should go through as we do with sheep. There are some morpheme verbs which have the marker " ed " to make their past and past participle forms. Examples : enter + ed = entered, talk + ed = talked But there are some verbs which have no "ed" form to make their past and past participle forms like the above verbs. Thus they come under the category of the zero morpheme. Examples : Cut===Cut===Cut ( Both the forms are same.) Shut =Shut =Shut= Same forms The zero morphemes are known as the homophonous because their singular and plural forms are same. Zero morphemes are written as follows. Sheep + 0 = Sheep = a zero morpheme Cattle + 0 =Cattle = a zero morpheme Fish + 0 = Fish = a zero morpheme Run + 0 = Run = a zero morpheme Conclusion : The zero morpheme has no phonetic form. It is same for all. It is difficult to know the singular and plural forms in the zero morphemes. The zero morpheme is known as the null morpheme and the invisible suffix. The zero morphemes are analysed with the morphemes which have the phonetic forms and this is the interesting research regarding the morphemes. The zero morphemes are treated as the free morphemes because they have the same form for their other grammatical forms. This concept of zero morpheme first was used by 4th century BCE Sanskrit Grammarian from ancient India, Panini in his Sanskrit Grammar. Thanks...... Please watch, like, subscribe and share my channel. [13/05, 11:57] Ghrush Heart2: https://youtu.be/vIf113eo1jU [13/05, 12:31] Prof.Liladhar Gayakawad: https://youtube.com/channel/UC9eIPc-wDsTvgKv10_O9QIA Prof. L. B. Gayakawad, S. M. College, Muktainagar -425306- Maharashtra, India 9765591079 ================0000===============

• published: 27 May 2021
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